TANG Tiangyue_Smart City 2.0 by RMIT Landscape Architecture

URBAN FOOD FOREST overlapping area between city and agriculture

Research Question: Explore a urban food forest growing in overlopping area between city and agriculture, and use the urban agriculture to respond the food shortage and global warming.

s3703396 TIANYUE TANG

ABSTRACT

According to United Nations research, global temperatures are continuing to rise at a rate of 0.2°C every 10 years, and consequently this is having a direct impact on the output of the world’s agricultural systems. Similarly, population growth and urbanization have resulted in the loss of agriculturally productive land, placing further stress on our food supply system. Therefore, it is important to study the overlapping space between agricultural areas and cities, exploring a new system of urban food production that responds to both human food crisis and the effects of global warming. This project focuses on Songjiang, a suburban district of Shanghai as its research site to explore the overlapping space between urban and agricultural. As landscape architects we have the ability to influence the rivers, road systems, public urban spaces and roofs in the city and utilise these spaces to form an urban food forest. The design and implementation of the urban food forest will help build stronger, more resilient communities, provide both ecological and environmental benefits through the reduction of carbon and generate economic benefits to the residents of Songjiang. Smart City 2.0 proposes a new system that will contribute to the future food supply of an increasing world population and continually changing global climate.

UN GOALS 2 ZERO HUNGER

End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

13 CLIMATE ACTION

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

METHODOLOGY

DIFINE THE ISSUE The relationship between global warming and food shortage

SECLECT THE SITE SHANGHAI

GENERAL STRATEGY Theoritical framework of urban food forest

SITE OBSERVATION Basic information of pich

DESIGN APPROACH Design approach in 3 scale

CITY SCALE Urban food forest in city

PITCH SCALE Define the space in pitch

CONLUSION & REFLECTION Gap & opportunity

DETAIL SCALE Square, community & road

Hello, I'm in Urban Food Forest Smart city 2.0 New city version

CONTENTS Ⅰ Introduction & Direction 1.1 Project Background & Issue 1.2 Understanding the issue-Theoretical framework 1.3 Potential site in the world 1.4 Precedent 1.5 Community Practice 1.6 General strategy 1.7 SHANGHAI 1.8 Stakeholder & Client 1.9 Zoom in 1.10 Site observation 1.11 Community voice

Ⅱ Implementation 2.1 Urban food forest in Shanghai (L) 2.2 Past shipping mode 2.3 Current food production mode 2.4 Urban food forest (M) 2.5 Crop combination 2.6 Food community (S) 2.7 Edible plaza (S) 2.8 Road & Street (S)

Ⅲ Conclusion 3.1 Future output 3.2 A dynamic urban food forest strategy 3.3 Gap 3.4 Reference

ISSUES

IN THE WORLD Explore our planet Since the Industrial Revolution, the speed of human development has accelerated greatly. But the speed of human beings' access to natural resources is also getting faster. Various problems have appeared on the earth, both natural and social. In the foreseeable future, we have not yet reached the second home after the earth. Therefore, we must discover the problems of the earth and protect the earth. "The conversion of Earth's land surface to urban uses is one of the most irreversible human impacts on the global biosphere. Urbanization is the main factor leading to land destruction and It drives the loss of farmland, affects local climate, fragments habitats, and threatens biodiversity." (Seto et al. 2011).

05 04

STEP

1.1 Project Background & Issue

vulture & the little girl

The little girl in the picture was about to faint in hunger. The vulture next to him can eat her corpse while waiting for the little girl to die. Such things maybe unfamiliar to us, but they generally happen in other places on the earth. According to the United Nations Food Security Report 2019, as of 2019, there are still 690 million hungry people in the world. And since 2014, the number of hungry people in the world has been on the rise.

"FAMINE"

Source: "The vulture and the little girl" by Kevin Carter, 1993, photo.

1.1 Project Background & Issue

"GLOBAL WARMING" These glaciers originally "sleeping" quietly at the poles, majestic and beautiful. However, rising temperatures let them slowly melt away. When the glacier faded, the islands under the ice were revealed, and the Arctic landscape was quietly changed because of this. Global warming has also seriously threatened the survival of the polar bear. In 2019, the amount of sea ice in the Arctic has decreased significantly. Polar bears accustomed to living on ice floes have lost their thick layers of ice, making it difficult for them to hunt for food. Many hungry polar bears are forced to go to the village for food.

Source: "PAUL SOUDERS" by GETTY, IMAGES.

1.2 Understanding the issue-Theoretical framework

OVERLAPPING ARA CO2 EMISSION WHAT IS THE OVERLAPPING AREA?

DEFINITION:

INDUSTRIZAT

In the future urban development, these areas are mixed zone of urban and rural areas, and will be converted into urban areas in priority in the process of urbanization.

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT O

source: UN World Urbanization prospects(2018)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBAL WARMING AND FOOD SHORTAGE 09

GLOBAL WARMING

LAND DESTRUCTION

TION

OF BIOFUEL

POPULATION GROWTH

URBANIZATION

RISING OF URBANIZATION

AGRICULTURAL LABOUR DECLINE

RISING OF URBAN POPULATION

AGRICULTURAL LAND PER CAPITA DECLINE

FOOD SHORTAGE

URBANIZATION

LAND DESTRUCTION

1.3 Potential site in the world

ASPECT OF NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT Global warming has had a huge impact on all regions of the world. Through mapping, Asia and North America are the regions with the most severe global warming. At the same time, global warming will also bring chain disasters, such as floods, droughts, fires, and heat waves. Therefore, through mapping these factors, the potential location is finally locked in Asia.

This is about the mapping of factors in the natural environment. Next, we will analyze social and economic factors, combine the natural environment and social economy, and finally find potential cities.

''GLOBAL WARMING DEGREE''

POTENTIAL AREA ON EARTH

1.3 Potential site in the world

ASPECT OF SOCIETY AND ENOMOMY

" ZOOM IN "

By combining the global warming, agricultural footprint, urbanization degree, importing food country and urban agglomeration, it zoom in scope to 4 cities. By comparing the GDP and population of these four cities, it chose Shanghai as potential site

1.4 Precedent

PRECEDENT CURRENT STATUS ON THE MAIN ROAD OF SITE T h r o u g h t h e c o m b i n a t i o n o f c i t y c e n t e r, permanent green land and urban space in future, copenhagen gonna become the first zero carben city in the world. This combination also give me the inspiration of finding overlapping space in the city. And using the overlapping space reduce the carbon emmission. This urban planning method is obviously effective for reducing carbon emissions, but it cannot end the food shortage problem. Therefore, on the basis of this urban planning, we will explore a model suitable for urban food production.

1855

1900

HISTORICAL URBAN EXPANSION 15

1930

1945

City Center

Permanent Green Land

zero emmission

THAT'S NOT ENOUGH 16

Urban space

1.5 Community Practice

COMMUNITY PRACTICE 'Smart Cities, Resilient Landscapes and Eco-warriors'----CJ Lim Food building

‘’If all farmers on the earth manage their fields to store more carbon in the soil, then the annual greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels can be reduced by half to 80%. Therefore, agriculture also plays a positive role in coping with global warming.‘’ （WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019)

Food community

"In parallel, there is considerable evidence that suggests that forestsandtreebasedsystems can play an important role in complementing agricultural production in providing better and more nutritionally-balanced diets." (Vinceti et al., 2013)

"the smartcity proposse reintegration of cultivated within an urban economica the establishment of an ecolo symbiosis between nature built form" (CJ lim. 2011). Food near the market

Establishing a Food Forest the Permaculture Way (Geoff, Jane & Frank 2008) This is a documentary that details how to build a food forest in rural areas. Using a variety of different types of plants mixed planting method, so that plant growth can obtain more nutrients. It mentioned the theory of simulating the forest ecosystem to establish the ecosystem of crops.

s the d land al and ogical e and

1. Increase biomass and depth of root

2. Increase biodiversity

3. Increase functional diversity 4. Design with plant life history 4. Layer and cluster plants strategies

ASLA Honor Award: Landscape Design for Carbon Sequestration This research provides a framework for landscape architects to reduce carbon emissions from the perspective of landscape architecture and fix carbon in the soil. COMMUNITY

"Food Forest" is designed from nature. And deliberately lowmaintenance ecosystems have rich biodiversity and high productivity, and usually have multiple functions, such as producing food, providing insects, animals, bird shade, creating wild animal habitats, producing medicines, Energy or craft crops, provide space for body and soul healing, soil restoration, soil and water conservation, ecological education, etc. (Huiyi 2016)

PRACTICE

A tree assembles in brooklyn with framlab's modular vertical farming system 'glasir' This installation explores a new form of vertical agriculture in the future. And it provides more possibilities for future forms of agriculture.

1.5 Community Practice

COMMUNITY PRACTICE Planning of Copenhagen city

PADDOCK ECO VILLAGE Copenhagen's urban planning practices the design principles of energy saving and emission reduction, and will achieve zero emissions by 2025.

Openhill power plant A grass skating field and a park were installed on the roof of the power plant. On the

Planting space and communica are installed in the community, community into a food communit

JINTAI Village

basis of the green space, the space is endowed with leisure and entertainment functions.

A roof planting space was opened in the village, forming a community with planting as the main component.

Mudchute Park and Farm

ation space turning the ty.

This project is located in London, England. This project established a plantation park in London, England, and provided urban residents with a space to enjoy rural life. COMMUNITY

Mill River Park

PRACTICE

Asia's largest urban rooftop: Thammasat green roof As the largest urban roof farm in Asia, covering an area of 22,000 square meters, the green roof of Hosei University has solved the impact of climate change by integrating modern landscape architecture with traditional agricultural creativity.

strong connection with water and land more vegetation area on riparian

The "green roof" of the Law School of the National University of Thailand can grow about 135,000 rice to feed the community every year.

1.6 General strategy

Ha Hello, Smart city 2.0

Ha! 21

LET THE FOOD FOREST GROW ON THE CITY

1.6 General strategy

EXPLORE SPACE OVERLAPPING AREA IN CITY

URBAN FOOD FOREST

1. Canopy plant:

2. Understory

3. Shrubs

4. Herbal layer:

arbor type fruit tree

plants: smaller nuts or fruit trees

such as berries;

perennial crops, spices, etc.

5. Ground cover plants

6. Climbing vines

7. Root ring plants

such as mint and sweet potato leaves

Chinese yam, etc.

such as potato, corrot

8. Mushrooms

Plant food forests in various spaces in the city to create a food forest system. Use different types of crops to simulate a normal forest system to achieve efficient output and reduce labor.

1.7 SHANGHAI

150 120 90 60 30

2007

2020

Imports of agricultural products 2007-2020

CITY CENTER

Food Capacity

60%--2020

35%--2030

SHANGHAI As the fastest- gr owing city in C hi na, Shanghai has witnessed an increase in population and large numbers of residential areas in the course of urbanization in the past 20 years. This has led to a reduction in the number of farmland. Compared with 20 years ago, Shanghai’s permanent farmland has now been reduced by 30%. However, imports of agricultural products have risen significantly.

1.8 Stakeholder & Client

POSITION IN PROJECT In the process of establishing an urban food forest in Shanghai, I found relevant clients and stakeholders in Shanghai. Shanghai govement, Shanghai Muncipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Management Committee and Shanghai Agriculture and Rural Committee will be the client in project.Because the urban food forest is dedicated to improving the environment of Shanghai's urban and rural areas.

The project will be handed over to the Shanghai academy of landscape architectur science and planning for construction, and some details will be controlled. When the project is completed and put into operation in Shanghai, the vegetables and fruits produced will be sold and picked by the Shang food association and china green food association.

CLIENT STAKEHOLDER OPERATION - SHANGHAI Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning

CLIENT - Government of SHANGHAI - SHANGHAI Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Management Committee -SHANGHAI Agriculture and Rural Committee

SELLING - SHANGHAI Food Association - China Green Food Association

1.9 Zoom in

'' ZOOM IN "

SITE IN SONGJIANG DISTRACT IN SHANGHAI Songjiang District, once the main food production base in Shanghai, provided a large amount of food to Shanghai. But now the farmland here is facing disappearance. In this project, the largest agricultural land in Songjiang District was selected. This farmland will also face disappearance in future planning. In this project, a food forest will be established on this site. And as a sample, it will be extended to other places in Shanghai in the future, and finally an urban food forest will be established.

FUTURE TREND

SONGJIANG DISTRACT

LEGEND

SITE LOCATION 30

1.10 Site observation

OVERVIEW O

W OF SITE

1.10 Site observation

Site observation

Lens

CURRENT SITUATION IN SITE

SITE PHOTO LENS CAPTURE ON SURROUNDING

CAPTURE

LOOK? 34

1.10 Site observation

CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGING ISSUES OF FARMLAND There are also problems with the farmland in the site. The corn in the cornfield in Figure 3 is not growing well. In the farmland in Figure 4, many weeds grow, and the crops are in very poor condition. The condition of the crops in these farms is also a problem in other farms in Shanghai.

LENS 3

LENS 4

ARMLAND

LENS 3

LENS 4

1.10 Site observation

CURRENT STATUS ON THE MAIN ROAD OF SITE The green belts on both sides of the road are weeded and surrounded by walls. There is no vegetation on the sidewalk. The whole road is messy.

LENS 1

MAIN ROAD

1.10 Site observation

CURRENT STATUS AND CONDITION IN

COMMUNITY This is a model of a community based on site photos and satellite areas. It can be seen that there are two types of houses in the community. One type of roof is flat, and the other type is pointed. And the public space in the site has a lot of weeds and native trees.

1.10 Site observation

CURRENT STATUS ON THE RIPARIAN SPACE OF SITE The picture shows the current state of the riverside space. The boundary between the river bank and the river is dominated by hard stones. There are weeds and trees in the space. There is no road close to the river bank space.

LENS 2

The red area in the field is a huge open space. The situation above is worse, with a lot of construction waste.

OTHER SPACE 42

1.11 Community voice

We will build more green spaces in Songjiang District to enable Shanghai to achieve the goal of a green and resilient city.

THEY NEED SPACE FOR ACTIVITIES AND HOPE TO PRESERVE FARMLAND. I want to be able to see large green areas every day when I go to work

When I was young, there was farmland here.I hope these farmlands can be preserved.

I really need a space to exercise ！！！

I hope I can buy more cheap vegetables and fruits in the future ！！

FUTURE CITY AIM

EXCELLENT GLOBAL CITY HAPPINESS AND HUMANITY GREEN AND RESILIENCY

'' VOICE '' I hope that the dilapidated scene in the venue can disappear, after all, this is Shanghai.

I hope that there will be more green spaces here in the future.

I really need a garden to grow our vegetables!!!!

I don't want these farmland to disappear in future urban renewal.

DESIGN

LARGE SCALE URBAN FOOD FOREST IN SHANGHAI Large-scale design potential sites in the entire Shanghai Metropolis project. In this part, a method for establishing a food forest in Shanghai will be provided. Including the first step of mapping out of Shanghai's overlapping area. The second part is to establish some simple strategies to adapt the food forest to different spaces in the city.

"Look at the interdependent relationship between the city and the country... comprehend the harmony and balance between the city and the country-this ability is what we lack. In my opinion, before I can build on any scale before me, we must develop the art of regional planning that connects the city and the countryside..." -----Lewis Mumford

05 46

STEP

2.1 Urban food forest in SHANGHAI (L)

HISTORICAL EXPANSION IN SHANGHAI Through studying the urban expansion of Shanghai from 1979 to 2018, it is found that the key areas of Shanghai's urban development in the future are likely to be concentrated around the city.

These key areas will be

key areas for Shanghai's urbanization development in the future. The overlapping area exists in the key areas of the development of these cities.

And by studying the Shanghai Urban Development Index issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, mapping out the key areas of Shanghai's urban development in the future.

1979

1990

2006

2018

NEXT HOT 47

Urbanization index LOW

IN SHANGHAI

HIGH Key areas for urban development

WHERE

T SPOT ? 48

2.1 Urban food forest in SHANGHAI (L)

EXPLORE?

OVERLAY?! Key areas for urban development Overlapping area Permenant farmland Industrial area City center Radiation area

POTENTIAL OVERLAPPING AREA

Shanghai has many potential overlapping areas. These overlapping areas exist with the key urban development areas previously mapped. And these areas will not include urban industrial areas and permanent farmland areas. But these overlapping areas must be in the radial area of the city center. However, most of these overlapping areas exist in the key urban development areas previously mapped.

Stack the data shown in the figure together to find the overlap between the key urban development area and the urban radiation area, and these overlaps should not include permanent farmland and urban industrial areas. These areas are overlapping areas in shanghai

2.1 Urban food forest in SHANGHAI (L)

OVERLAPPING AREA IN SHANGHAI

03 Overlapping area Permenant farmland Residential area

URBAN FOOD FOREST IN SHANGHAI OVERLAPPING AREA IN SHANGHAI

The yellow area in the figure is the distribution of overlapping areas in Shanghai. The figure shows the relationship between overlapping areas and permanent farmland and residential areas. But this is just to find out the overlapping area is only part of my design. My ultimate ambition is to feed more people and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by way of urban food forests.

This is only the first step in large-scale design. The general strategy of Smart City 2.0 will be explored in the following chapters. What kind of city is Smart City 2.0. It will also explore the appearance of urban food forests in different urban spaces. In which urban spaces can crops be grown.

2.1 Urban food forest in SHANGHAI (L)

OVERALL DESIGN OF URBAN FOOD FOREST

OVERALL FRAMEWORK OF SMART CITY 2.0

This is the model of Smart City 2.0 in Shanghai. Overlapping areas are just one part of it.

This way of transforming these spaces into food forest spaces cannot be achieved in a short time.

The final model of Shanghai's food forest should be public green spaces in the city, plus rivers with qualified water quality in the city plus permanent farmland in the city, plus roads and streets in the city, plus overlapping areas.

The chart in the figure expresses the plan to increase the area of food forest. It will take about 10 years to achieve this goal in the future.

All of these spaces will be converted into spaces for agricultural production, and the theory of food forests will be applied. It can also produce a lot of food while reducing human management.

This goal will eventually be completed in 2032. Therefore, the Shanghai government has set a goal of reducing carbon emissions by 60% by 2032.

Public Green Land

Planting Area 2033 2032 2031

River

2030 2029 2028 2027 2026 2025

Permanent Farmland

2024

Overlapping Area

2023 2022 2021

Road &Street

2.1 Urban food forest in SHANGHAI (L)

1. Canopy plant: Arbor type fruit tree

COMMON FOOD IN SHANGHAI SUPERMARKET Studying the common fruits and vegetables in Shanghai supermarkets is an important step in the construction of urban food forests.

2.Unde rstor y plants: smaller nuts or fruit trees

3. Shru

such as b

Peach

Mardarin

Loquat

Chinese waxberry

Mulb

Persimmon

Grape

Caps

Because in the future, the vegetables and fruits produced in the food forest will also be supplied to Shanghai residents.

URBAN FOOD FOREST MODE IN

A food forest planting model was established using hand-painted methods. Various types of crops are compatible with each other.

SKETCH

ubs:

4. Herbal layer:

5. Grounr plants:

6.Climbing vines:

7. Root plants:

perennial crops, spices, etc.

Bok-choy , potato leaves

Chinese yam, etc.

Potato,corrot

orn

Strawberry

Bok-choy

berry

Tomato

Watermelon

berries;

sicum

luffa

Potato

Cucumber

Correct

8. Mushrooms Edamame

Rapeseed

Taro

Pumpkim

Oyster mushroom

CROP CLASSIFICATION

SELECTION REGULATION

The picture above shows the classification of various common crops and fruits in supermarkets.

The selected vegetables and fruits are based on common fruits and vegetables in various supermarkets in Shanghai.

They are divided into 8 types according to different types.

And these fruits and vegetables are all fruits and vegetables that can be grown in Shanghai.

This will facilitate the choice of various crops in the creation of food forests.

But now it relies on imports.

2.1 Urban food forest in SHANGHAI (L)

RIVER SPACE

PUBLIC GREENLAND

Bok-choy

Lotus root

Cucumber

Zizania

Tomato

Water chestnuts

Taro

ROAD Rapeseed Loquat

ROOF GARDEN

Persimmon

Edamame Correct Correct Mulberry Tomato

SYSTEM RUNNING IN SHANGHAI OVERLAPPING AREA Through the establishment of different urban space diagrams, find out the main types of crops and food forest spaces in these urban spaces.

Public green space is divided into two types, park square type and residential public space. Bok-choy, cucumbers and tomatoes were selected as the main crops to be grown in these places. In the urban road space, some crops with strong self-regulation ability are selected, such as loquat correct crops.

Taro and zizania are the main aquatic crops used in three different types of riparian spaces. And planting crops, mainly rapeflower, near the river bank.

T h e c r o p s i n t he roo f g a rde n a re used for edamame, correct and tomatoes. These vegetables are relatively common in Shanghai households.

Peach

5 Bok-choy

Cucumber

8 Correct

Oyster Mushroom

2 3

1 Peach

Mulberry

Waxberry

4 Edamame

Cabbage

Chili

7 Yam 58

Capsicum

Grape

Tomato

The picture on the right also matches the corresponding crops according to the presence or absence of native vegetation in the overlapping area. Choose crops with strong self-regulation ability where native plants grow.

Black Mushroom

2.2 Past shipping mode

PAST SHIPPING

G MODE

Getting food in Shanghai depends on transportation. When the food forest appeared in Shanghai, this was not the main way. Therefore, the emission of carbon can be reduced.

2.3 Current food production mode

Food Importing

RIVER SPACE

Food

PUBLIC GREENLAND Food Importing

Food Y U P ! T H AT S S O MANY JOB! I LIKE URBAN FOOD FOREST!!!!!

The original food model will disappear in Shanghai, and Shanghai will no longer rely on food imports to obtain food. Now food grows around people.

At the same time, the establishment of food forests can also provide job opportunities for locals.

Food will be easier to get than before. Because food is no longer dependent on transportation, the carbon emissions generated by long-distance transportation will disappear. Therefore, the establishment of urban food forests can reduce carbon emissions.

OVERLAPPING AREAS Food

Food

ROOF GARDEN Food Importing COOL! I ALSO CAN GET THE JOB IN URBAN FOOD FOREST!

CURRENT FOOD MODE 62

FOOD MODE

Food Importing

ROAD

DESIGN

MIDDLE SCALE

05 64

STEP

2.4 Urban food forest (M)

''DEFINE" THE SPACE IN SITE

Urban food forest type 1 Urban food forest type 2

According to the different situations in the site, taking into account the actual needs of people, different spaces are divided. When these spaces are completed, they can provide a blueprint for the realization of a food forest in Shanghai. At the same time, it also gives corresponding suggestions for the growth of plants in different farmlands.

2.5 Crop combination

NATURAL LESS MANAGEMENT

GROWTH 67

2.5 Urban food forest (M)

URBAN FOOD FOREST TYPE 1 IN THE SITE

This is a model of crop planting collocation. It can maintain the healthy growth of crops without using pesticides or chemical fertilizers.

TO N

TYPE 1

RI SO

These growth strategies for crops can be used in the construction of food forests in the future.

2.5 Crop combination

URBAN FOOD FOREST TYPE 2 IN THE SITE

TYPE 2

This combination of plants can improve the problem of poor corn growth in the original farmland.

PK 69

These three crops can provide mutual assistance. For example, corn provides support for beans, and pumpkin and corn provide nutrients for each other.

NATURAL PLANTING SUGGESTION

GROWTH 70

DESIGN

SMALL SCALE URBAN FOOD FOREST IN SHANGHAI These small-scale designs can provide a sample for the establishment of urban food forests in the future.

05 72

STEP

2.6 Food Community (S)

FOOD COMMUNITY

A large number of planting spaces have been opened up in the community to create a space suitable for public planting.

According to the different house structures in the site, different planting spaces are opened up.

In addition, the original trees in the site are preserved to provide residents with a shaded space.

Use and discover as much space as possible for planting.

Main entrance

Car park

Pergola

Farmland

Tree pool

Exsiting Farmland

Extrance Fruit tree Vegetable Existing tree

N 10 m 5 A

3 DETAIL 1

2 74

2.6 Food Community (S)

SECTION B-B'

an Gr

la eS

Ground planting space

Roof garden

ROOF GARDEN IN FOOD COMMUNITY Establish a roof garden on the roof so that the roof can also be turned into an area for planting. Open up a planting area near the house.

DRYIN

And you can set pergola close to the house. Climbing crops and poultry farming can be planted at the same time.

Because when it rains, when rain water stays along the walls of the house, the field can be irrigated to prevent rainwater from accumulating around the house.

Concrete 75

DETAIL

ing

Dry

cet

Fau

tab

e Veg

pac

Sla

nite

ntin

rgo

Pla

Gra

NG POLE

e There are planting ponds with different heights in the roof garden, which can facilitate the management of water resources. It also has a device that can be used to dry crops. This is very necessary in Shanghai, which is often overcast and rainy.

1.6m 0.5m 1.2m 0.5m 1.2m 0.5m

2.6 Food Community (S)

THE COMBINATION OF FOOD FOREST IN COMMUNITY

This is the combination of some details in the food community that includes the food forest. And the size of the tree pond and the material of the site.

400mm 20mm

2150 mm

20mm

200mm 20mm 10mm 350mm

SECTION A-A' 5m

400mm

op ) op

Gr a

nit

g rin ot Ro

Tree1 10-15 m

e Ca

t re

s m oo hr

ist ing

t re

pla

SECTION C-C'

Tree2 8-10 m Tree3 6-8m

Crops 0.3m-2m

CO2

Black Mushroom

Waxberry

Peach

Potato

Corn

Oyster Mushroom

Grape

Loquat

Correct

Capsicum

Through this method of construction, while preserving the original arbor plants, different crops can produce a large amount of food when matched with each other. At the same time, because the planted crops are very rich in communities, more carbon can be stored in the soil.

2.7 Edible Plaza

PLAZA IN URBAN FOOD FOREST

A hillside has been opened up in the site to grow food forests, and some planting ponds have also been set up. A large space is reserved for residents' activities in the center of the plaza.

This is just a basic form of plaza. When it is promoted to other places in Shanghai, it can be modified to meet the local environment and the needs of the people.

RIV D

2.4 m

1.2 m

1.8 m

5 6

2.2 m

ROAD

1.9 m

N 1

Exsiting Tree

Planting Box

Small Hill

Activity Area

Canopy Fruit Tree

Farmland

Extrance

Understory Fruit Tree

Platform

s 8m

Vegetable 80

2.7 Edible Plaza

SECTION D-D' 6m

0.8 m 0.4 m

16 m

Combo of Food forest

Planting box

EDIBLE PLAZA !? The design of the edible plaza can use the theory of the sponge city. The use of permeable bricks in the plaza public activity space can better manage water.

The wooden platform near the river in the site is not only a recreational place, but also an area for growing aquatic crops. This is actually a manifestation of the food forest in the river space.

And a public planting pond is set up near the entrance of the plaza, allowing more people to participate in planting.

1.9 m

24 m

18 m

Combo of Food forest

Plaza

350 mm

SECTION E-E' 3m

160 mm

tic

Wood

3.2 m

0.8 m

Lotus root

2.9 m

Zizania 82

3.6 m

Water chestnuts

2.7 Edible Plaza

CURRENT SITUATION

1 YEAR

The above picture is a prediction of the change of the site from the same perspective in 5 years.

The slope is one of the most important factors in the design. Because Shanghai is a rainy city. When there is a hill in the site, it can promote the flow of water to other parts of the site, which is very important for agricultural planting.

The site is still in ruins. The construction of the site was completed in the first year, and the trees were still very small. By the fifth year, the trees have grown and reached their highest yields.

And through the designed iteration, the master plan is finally obtained.

5 YEARS

SLOPE

Water ITERATION

1 More space

2 Circulation

3 Done

DESIGN SOURCE 84

EDIBLE PLAZA WITH TIME

ESSENTIALS ELEMENT

2.8 Road & Street (S)

N 4m

TREE

URBAN FOOD FOREST ROAD

Camphorwood Photinia Japanese privet Mulberry tree

CROPS

Main road

Peach tree Loquat tree

Some plants that can purify the air are planted in the planting pond in the middle of the road. On both sides of the road is the area where the food forest grows. One of the oval-shaped squares can give people a rest or the crops picked by the other party during the harvest season.

PAVEMENT Red clay brick 240*115*53 mm permeable ceramic brick 500*250*80 mm Granite 800*800*50 mm

2.8 Road & Street (S)

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ts id

ac e Pu

re st Fo od Fo

ill

SECTION A-A 5m

SECTION B

Urban food forest

AHA ! EDIBLE RO But this road model is not suitable for major roads and highways. Because these road spaces are not suitable for planting.

FREE WAY ARTERIAL ROAD

ROAD

SECONDARY ROAD TERTIARY ROAD OTHER ROAD & STREET

Peach tree

Mulberry tree

ke Bi

tin

Po ol

Loquat tree

Urban food forest

Road space and plants for purify air

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ed R

So il

ni te

OAD !?

1.8m

SECTION B 88

3.5m

1.2m

2.4m 1.2m

2.8 Road & Street (S)

1 YEAR

CURRENT SITUATION

The above picture shows the scene of the site from not being built until 5 years later.

I specified 2 basic models of the venue. In the first, the middle of the road is a planting space for ordinary plants, which sends purified air.

The site is now very dilapidated, without any trees. The sidewalk is also not shaded by big trees.

On both sides are agricultural production spaces. The second type is that there must be a place to stay and rest in the agricultural production space. Because this kind of space can be each other's fruits and vegetables during the harvest season. It can also be used as a rest space for pedestrians on weekdays.

By the first year, the construction of the site was completed. By the second year, the productivity of the site reached the highest level.

So on this basis, I created three forms for the road. This road design uses the curved form.

5 YEAR

crop space

Vegetation space

crop space

rest space

TRANSFORMATION

DESIGN SOURCE 90

WITH TIME

BASIC MODE

CONCLUSION FUTURE OF URBAN FOOD FOREST If urban plant forests can be implemented on a large scale in the world, it will disrupt our world. Our world will no longer be what it is now.

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STEP

3.1 Future output

HA ! OUTPUT !? It is estimated that the production capacity of urban vegetable gardens can be as high as 15 times that of rural land. Only 6 square meter area can provide 20 kilograms of food a year. In a food forest of 10 square meters, 30 kilograms of tomatoes per year will be produced, 36 bok-choy per 60 days, and 60 kilograms of potatoes per year. In the era of smart city 2.0, Shanghai will open up an additional 80,000 hectares of planting space and produce 200,000 tons of various fruits and vegetables. This is the total annual fruit and vegetable consumption of 600 million people.

FEED 900M PEOPLE Additionally !!??

3.1 A dynamic urban food forest strategy

DYNAMIC URBAN FORE STRATEGY If the urban food forest can function well In Shanghai, this will be an opportunity. Promote the new city model of smart city 2.0 to the world, and ultimately feed the entire world and reduce more carbon dioxide.

EST

3.2 Gap & Opportunity

GAPS IN THE PROJECT -The establishment of a food forest needs public support -Whether urban activities will have a negative impact on the growth of crops, especially in the road space. Although the planting pond in the center of the road space has been planted with vegetation to purify the air.

Gap & chance

-The establishment of three-dimensional agricultural installations requires cooperation in multiple disciplines.

3.3 Reference

Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House. Moncada, Jonathan, John A. Posada, and Andrea Ramírez. 2015. "Early Sustainability Assessment For Potential Configurations Of Integrated Biorefineries. Screening Of Bio-Based Derivatives From Platform Chemicals". Biofuels, Bioproducts And Biorefining 9 (6): 722-748. doi:10.1002/bbb.1580. M, J. and Holland, M. (2015). Agricultural urbanism : handbook for building sustainable food & agriculture systems in 21st century cities. United Kingdom: Libri Publishing. Metabolic. (2017). Global Food System: An Analysis - Metabolic. [online] Available at: https://www. metabolic.nl/publications/global-food-system-an-analysis/ [Accessed 10 Jun. 2019] Egal, Florence. 2019. "Review Of The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World, 2019". World Nutrition 10 (3): 95-97. doi:10.26596/wn.201910395-97. Cozier, Muriel. 2017. "The US Withdrawal From The Paris Agreement: A Global Perspective". Greenhouse Gases: Science And Technology 7 (5): 774-777. doi:10.1002/ghg.1736. Seto, Karen C., Michail Fragkias, Burak Güneralp, and Michael K. Reilly. 2011. "A Meta-Analysis Of Global Urban Land Expansion". Plos ONE 6 (8): e23777. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023777. Lim, C. J. Food City. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014. Lim, CJ, and Liu, Ed. Smartcities, resilient landscapes and eco-warriors. Routledge, 2019. Vira, Bhaskar, Wildburger, Christoph, and Mansourian, Stephanie. Forests and Food. 1st ed. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2015. VPA. (2017a). Clyde Creek and Casey Fields South Residential Precinct Structure Plans - VPA. [online] Available at: https://vpa.vic.gov.au/project/clyde-creek/ [Accessed 10 Jun. 2019]. Pest-Management Plants. (2019). ABC News. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/gardening/ factsheets/pest-management-plants/9427576 [Accessed 10 Jun. 2019 Wei Houkai, and Han Lei. "Prospects of China's Agricultural Development." China Economist (Beijing, China) 11, no. 4 (2016): 46. "How Many People Will Live In Cities In 2045? - Lifegate". 2020. Lifegate. https://www.lifegate.com/ cities-in-2045.

VEDIO Lawton, Geoff., Gapinski, Jane., Gapinski, Frank., and Permaculture Research Institute of Australia. Establishing a Food Forest. Australia: Permaculture Research Institute Australia, 2008.

IMAGE UN World Urbanization prospects(2016) UN World Urbanization prospects(2018) UN World Agriculture prospects(2000) UN World Agriculture prospects(2016)

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