XU Qin_Intergrowth

Using agent-based modeling to relieve social-ecological conflict from India to East Kolkata Wetlands in the background of urbanization

Project B Qin Xu s3705943

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ABSTRACT High-speed urbanization is rampant around the world, especially in some developing countries. In addition, this process is often spontaneous, without effective and long term vision on the city’s future. In this context, it is likely to bring social-ecosystem conflict. This kind of conflict is negative to both local ecosystem and local’s living standard.

My design would focus on India, as a nation witnessing millions of migration every year. New built area, following new residents, is invading rapidly into previous ecological regions. How to pick a particular conflict hotspot through the national scale , how to put forward a dynamic and spontaneous system which could achieve a sustaining balance between new community and wetlands (main landscape condition in the design site) for the future period are big points in the project.

As suburban and exurban residential developments continue to multiply in urban areas, they encroach on wildlife habitats leading to increased human-wildlife interactions. The animals involved in direct conflict with homeowners are often relocated or exterminated by the homeowners.

-Amanda H. Gilleland

Muti-agent based modeling, as a powerful generative design tool would be the key method in the project. In term of this technique, each agent, which is given some clear and simple rules, is playing a certain role in the whole system, like citizens, migration, species, fluid… When a great amount of agents assemble and interact with each other, it can simulate a complex system, speculating a new socialecological dynamic under the design background. Overall, the particular mathematic modeling is applied in each part of the project. I use it to narrow down to the city worth doing design research and find hidden relationships between different social and ecological elements. Additionally, I refer to experimental iterations and translate them into landscape language. Lastly, the system, as a common strategy, can also be adapted itself and applied in various contexts.

Regarding design exercise Zooming in East Kolkata Wetlands, the outcome of this project will be a new system which can propose a growth timeline of the future urbanization and then help to fabric the optimized waterfront village structure based on the prediction. Some ideas about wetland cities in the future have been proposed.

They are algorithm-based, so they can be adapted to local conditions; they are also self-sustainable. The community cluster has multiple functions such as agriculture, resources, housing, and entertainment, and they cooperate and link with each other.

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R e s e r a c h Question: How to use Agent-based modeling to find and imporve the endangered wetland ecosystem under the excessive urbanisation in India?

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Using agent-based modeling to relieve socialecological conflict from India to East Kolkata Wetlands in the background of urbanization QIN XU

CONTENTS 0 0 0

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Research position

8-13

Precedent research and project goals

SITE CONTEXT 16-29

National scope

30- 40

Zooming into Kolkata

DESIGN STRATEGY 41- 47

Design strategy 1

48- 49

Design strategy 2

50-69

Large scale design

70-77

Medium scale design

78-123

Small scale design

124

Reflection

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References

DESIGN EXERCISE

Reflection and Reference

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RESEARCH POSITION How humans get along with the ecological environment in history?

Indigenous Australians using fire to hunt kangaroos. Painting by Joseph Lycett, ca.

1817.

After the Industrial Revolution, due to the huge demand of industry, people began to plunder resources from nature, which caused a lot of irreparable damage.

Ancient Chinese worshiped the idea of the unity of man and nature. People should live in harmony with nature and respect the laws of nature.

The discovery of isolated islands in the 1500s, and their colonization in the 1600s, led to dramatic ecological changes. The dodo became extinct on its home island of Mauritius within several decades, and over the next 150 years most native vertebrates suffered the same fate.

What is agent-based modeling?

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In modern times, the rapid urbanization process in developing countries has brought a large number of immigrants. With limited land resources, people and nature sometimes have to get close to each other.

In this case, the fragile and precious ecological environment needs to be balanced because once the balance is broken, those areas of transition between the city and the natural environment will face serious chaos.

RESEARCH POSITION Precedents using mathmatic modeling in field of urban design and ecological restoration

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INTERNATIONAL SCOPE AND UN GOALS

Social-ecological Conflict Hotspot

UN GOALS

Make cities inclusive, safe ,resilient and sustainable 12

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Sustainably manage forest, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degration

SITE CONTEXT & D E S I G N STRATERGY Understanding the site context is important in design research. It helps us to observe various factors in the site and then get new findings and relationships. In addition, application of mapping and mathmatic modeling together is an intriguing adventure because the outcome is not only 'reasonable', but also unpredicatible and ambiguous.

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SITE CONTEXT_NATIONAL SCALE Where are immigrants from ?

As one of the most populous countries in the world, India also has a very high birth rate. I established a hypothesis that newborns in relatively backward areas are likely to enter large cities to earn a living after they grow up, which further promotes the wave of domestic migration. Therefore, based on the distribution of birth rates in India and the distribution of backward regions, I want to discover the source of future urban immigration.

Fertility Rate

Main Immigrants Source 16

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SITE CONTEXT_NATIONAL SCALE How fast do immigrants move

Cab 7% Rickshaw 6%

Long-distance migration is bound to use transportation. At this phrase, I listed the three most commonly used migration ways in India, trains, roads and airplanes. After comprehensive overlay analysis, geographical differences in transportation infrastructure have resulted in differences in traffic accessibility. In the agent based model, this difference will cause the agents to have different levels of mobility in different areas.

Highway

Air

50%

35%

15%

Air 10%

Train 47%

Bus 29%

Overall Transportation Accessibility

Migration speed map 18

Railway

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SITE CONTEXT_NATIONAL SCALE Where is more attractuve for future immigrants?

In terms of the attractive value of different migration desinations, it is determined by three parameters, historical urbanization rate, natural risk index and economic value. Area with high attractive value is expected to witness bigger urbanization process.

1. The development rate and urbanization status of cities in history

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2.Risk of natural disaster

SITE CONTEXT_NATIONAL SCALE Agent-based simulation of migration Prediction of the movement of immigrants in the peroid of near 40 years, and the mappings illustrate how many immigrants are predicated to migrate to each areas and show the spatial difference.

Parameter 1: Source

Parameter 2: Speed

Parameter 3: Target

When running the agent-based modeling, each agent can be considered as a migration unit, their emitting rate, moving speed and targets are determined by the previous site anaytical mappings.

3.Economic Indicator _ Average income and employment rate

Iteration 1

1.Historical Development Rate

0.48

Iteration 5

Iteration 9

2.Economic Indicator

0.3

Iteration 13

3.Natural Indicator

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2020

0.22

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045 2055

3.Economic Indicator _ Average income and employment rate

Degree of urbanization

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2050

Now

2055

U R B A N I Z AT I O N C O N D I T I O N HYDRO-ECOLOGY C O N D I T I O N

BIODIVERSITY C O N D I T I O N

INTERSECTIONS O F L A Y E R S

SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL HOTSPOT IN INDIA 26

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Urbanization Growth Future Condition

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Biodiversity Condition

+ Hydro-ecological Condition

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ZOOM INTO KOLKATA The overall ecological condition After studying the urbanization and ecological conditions of the Indian country, some hot spots gradually emerged.

Kolkata can be said to be the place where the two have the largest intersection. Therefore, the next project will focus on the city of Kolkata and continue to explore its unique ecological and social connections.

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ZOOM INTO KOLKATA The overall urbanization condition Indeed, the spatial growth pattern of the city show that major expansion occurred towards the east and south, by mostly converting large tracts of marshy areas, wetlands and agricultural land . In general, the urban growth of Kolkata showed a strong correlation with the population growth in the city.

Main Urban Sprawl Direction :

South East

What is this place 32

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EAST KOLKATA WETLANDS • World’s Largest Organic Sewage Management System Without Chemicals

Location and special ecological position

The East Kolkata Wetlands in India relies on nothing but nature to process almost 198 million gallons of wastewater and sewage. This is the amount that is produced on a daily basis by the region’s population. They are like the kidneys of the city, an organic sewage treatment system. These wetland areas are obviously very important to the lives of millions.

East Kolkata wetands is located to the southeast of Kolkata city, which is supposed to face the most serious urbanization invasion from Kolkata city. This region is one of the most important wetland ecosystem in India.

Kolkata Boundary

East Kolkata Boundary

Salt Lake Boundary

• High Biodiversity Value The East Kolkata Wetlands supports over 100 plant species and rare mammals such as marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus), small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), Indian civets (Viverra zibetha), and the threatened Indian mud turtle (Lissemus punctata). The region is also known to sustain over 40 species of local and migratory birds, including kingfishers (Alcedo arrhis), grebes (Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis), cormorants, egrets, terns, eagles, and sandpipers. The floral diversity of EKW include phytoplanktons and a variety of aquatic macrophytes.

Biodiversity of East Kolkata Wetlands

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EAST KOLKATA WETLANDS Disappearing wetlands and the disaster forecast 2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2025

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2029

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2040

By studying the historical data of the disappearance of the wetland in Kolkata and the expansion of cities and towns, the agent-based model is used to predict the changes of this social ecological conflict in the next 20 yearsa

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2000

Legend Urbanization Expansion Contour

2020

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Remaining Wetlands

Polluted Wetlands becaused of High Population

2040

Sprawling Buildings

Disappearing wetlands and the disaster forecast

When Population is relatively low Clean sewage by itself

Within the purging capacity

The East Kolkata Wetlands in India relies on nothing but nature to process almost 198 million gallons of wastewater and sewage. This is the amount that is produced on a daily basis by the region’s population. They are like the kidneys of the city, an organic sewage treatment system. These wetland areas are obviously very important to the lives of millions.

However, due to the rapid population growth, a large number of residents settled around the wetland and directly discharged domestic sewage into the wetland. This increases the pressure on wetlands to purify sewage. Once a certain threshold is exceeded, the wetlands will lose their ability to protect themselves, and the ecosystem will be greatly destroyed.

Excessive urbanization brings dramatic growth of population around wetlands Cleaning sewage by itself fails

E A S T K O L K ATA W E T L A N D S

Beyond the limit of purification

Threatened wetlands due to higer population!

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D E S I G N S T R A T E G Y

CONCLUSION

WETLAND HAS DISAPPEARED BY 400 METERS

Strategy 1 Resillient wetland

Strategy 2 Wetland restoration

Large areas of wetlands are at risk of being occupied beacuse of invasive settlements

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D E S I G N S T R AT E G Y 1 Resillient wetland concept

The pollution of the wetland ecosystem caused by the high-inhabited population requires treatment strategies. The spring will contract after receiving the squeeze, and return to the initial state after the pressure disappears. This elastic system is inspiring for the improvement of the local ecosystem.

On the boundary of the wetland, I used a twostage buffer zone to avoid direct pollution into the main waters of the wetland. In terms of form, I refer to the generation logic of fractals, a pattern of cyclic division. After experimentation, the area of the wetland after the iteration is very close to the previous one, and on the basis of the realization of an elastic ecosystem, it does not occupy too much community living space.

Wetlands Area (ha)

Iteration

STEP 1

Fractal_Iteration 1

Fractal_Iteration 2

Fractal_Iteration 3

STEP 2

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STEP 3

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D E S I G N S T R AT E G Y 1 Muti-level wetland buffer

The pollution of the wetland ecosystem caused by the high-inhabited population requires treatment strategies. The spring will contract after receiving the squeeze, and return to the initial state after the pressure disappears. This elastic system is inspiring for the improvement of the local ecosystem.

On the boundary of the wetland, I used a two-stage buffer zone to avoid direct pollution into the main waters of the wetland. In terms of form, I refer to the generation logic of fractals, a pattern of cyclic division. After experimentation, the area of the wetland after the iteration is very close to the previous one, and on the basis of the realization of an elastic ecosystem, it does not occupy too much community living space.

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Energy Dissipation and Sendiment Removal

Leaf and Organic Matter Removal

Flow Spreader (Rock Wall)

Fisrt Level Wetlands

Vegetation Bands

Second Level Wetlands 45

Open Water

Third Level Wetlands

D E S I G N S T R AT E G Y 1

As the population continues to grow, the number of homes around the wetland will increase accordingly.If left unattended, the village will grow in a messy way, resulting in slums eventually. In this regard, I intend to divide the future village community into several clusters, each of which is self-sustainable.

How to organize the future village community ?

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D E S I G N S T R AT E G Y 2 Wetland restoration 2020

Loss of wetlands in East Kolkata Wetlands Boundary In the past 30 years, the area of wetlands has been reduced by 30% due to excessive urbanization and growing aquaculture

Wetlands are relatively separated from each other and weakly connected

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1.5

3

6 km

2030

Loss of wetlands in Site

The connection between wetlands is gradually strengthened, and multiple small wetlands are connected to grow into a unified ecosystem

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2020

2040

“With the growth of Kolkata city over the past couple of decades however, there has been increasing pressing on the wetland from urban encroachment, demand for land to expand and improve the existing garbage dumping site on the edge of the East Kolkata Wetlands.”

2040

—— Senior Ramsar official files report, suggests thorough revision of ecology, livelihood and boundary.

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Wetland restoration is basically completed, forming a complex water network with strong connectivity 49

D E S I G N E X E R C I S E In this phase, the new wetland village system is put forward to respond to both algorithm and site context.

From large scale to small scale, I explore the following key points, how the mathematic modeling guide the future urban planning and design, how to treat the dynamic relationship between community clusters and how to define cells the specific functions and reveal the design rules.

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1

D E S I G N EXERCISES

A new system

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to realize better relationship between

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Green corridor _Build a landscape netwrok

Two kinds of agents Interact and then fabric the urban structure

spreading urban area and wetland ecosystem

Refer to code of nature _ a culture dish

_Attract New immigrants

Based on the present urbanization condition, set some growing cores

Q : How to integrate urbanization and hydroecosystem in an design system?

A:

Attractive force

Diagram of Attraction and Repelsion system 53

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Repulsive force _Preserve the valubale wetlands

Based on the present wetland condition, set some preservation cores

LARGE SCALE Q : Where to locate growing cores ?

The trend of urbanization represents the power of attractive force, which will attract migration in particular circles.

A: According to the Present community density

Heat Map of the present community density and choose some hyper urbanization locations 54

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LARGE SCALE Q : Where to locate preservation cores ?

A: According to the esisting wetland and their scale in site

Refuse urbanization outside the wetland buffer area

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Every new resident move as an agent.

The moving trace lines tegether form the transportation network of the future village. It is a self-evolving system.

LARGE SCALE Q : How does the algorithm generate the future rurual area?

A: 4 Tests to explore how the attractive force and repulsive force interact in different phases

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Phase 1 Small attractive force

Phase 3 Large attractive force

Phase 2 Medium attractive force

Phase 4 Very latge attractive force

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LARGE SCALE Ground condition layers Village settlements

Public space

Transporatation network

Perspective of L-scale ground condition

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LARGE SCALE Q : How to build the wetland buffer?

A: Focus on the endangered wetlands based on the analytical mapping and knit the muti-level buffer.

Endangered wetland _ as the tracking area in agent based modeling

Simulate the process that weland buffer is generated by gathering at threatened wetland zone gradually

1st level buffer (0-50m)

2nd level buffer (50-100m)

Endangered wetland needed to set the buffer zone 62

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LARGE SCALE

Overlapping ground condition and hydrological condition,they are combined into the overall large-scale design.

Q : How to build the wetland buffer?

A: Focus on the endangered wetlands based on the analytical mapping and knit the muti-level buffer.

Community clusters

Green infrastructure

Wetlands with multiple-level buffers

Perspective of L-scale wetland condition 64

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LARGE SCALE Master plan

LEGEND

Green corridor

Wetladn restoration

Community clusters

Wetland buffer

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LARGE SCALE Conclusion

Main idea in L-scale _Change from chaotic slums to organized wetland village with the help of algorithm design

Increasing city density

Section Timeline 68

Section Timeline 69

How to treat the existing buildings in the site?

MEDIUM SCALE Q : What is Focus in M-scale?

A: Tranlation from L-scale work into landscape conditions

Existing buildings

Set location of existing buildings as the centers of future community clusters

L-scale Plan

How to ressolve the L-scale algorithm work ?

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L-scale Plan

Range of clusters

Map of existing residences and the community clusters 70

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How does the water front envolve?

Current straight water front

Translation into water front

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Precedent _ Flowing ink Pattern of the water front lines_ behaving like fluid 72

Diagramatic drawing of community clusters and water front 73

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Diagramatic drawing of community clusters and water front

MEDIUM SCALE

Diagram of cellular automata

Q : How does the community clusters grow and how to define built area and natural area?

A: By referring to cellular automata algorithm,it shows the dynamic land ues.

The state of each cell is determined by states of its neighboring cells _ Too many built cells Moderate number of cells No built cells

Convert into social space cell Grow into built area cell Unchange

Timeline

Near future

Perspective of the site in the near future

The dynamic system

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Far future

Perspective of the site in the far future

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MEDIUM SCALE Q : Distinct or ambiguous boundary?

A: The outcome of CA modeling is blurrred to make sure each functional cells have more possibilities interacting with others.

Blur the boundary _ ambiguous edge condition 76

M-scale plan 77

S M A L L

In small scale, how to define hexagon cells from M-sclae different functions is what I mainly focus.In addition, the relationships between different functional units would be further exploreed.

S C A L E

Evolution from M-scale hexagon cells

Waterfront space

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Scoial space

Wetland

Community

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Agriculture

Water and resource treatment

S M A L L

I put forward two groups of design verbs. They are respectively meant for 2d and 3d process. As a result, original hexagons are expected to evolve into particular shapes according to functions.

S C A L E

Treat the hexagonal cells with design verbs 2D process

Merge

Verb 1

Verb 2

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3D process

Flatten

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Split

Two sets of verbs a r e c o m b i n e d t o form new patterns

Extrude

+ Offset

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+

Rise

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S M A L L

Looking at one community cluster, there is a kind of principle guiding the arrangement of different fucntional units in one cluster. The goal is to keep each community cluster sel-sustainable, highllu accessible to landscape space and beneficial to ecosystem.

S C A L E

Overall bird's eye view of the wetland community

Residence

Social space 5m

Vertical farm

10m 25m 40m

Water and energy disposal

50m

75m

Ecological island

100m

Aquatic farming

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S M A L L

S C A L E

Mater plan

3

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11 10

13 12 1 4 8 6 7

9 1 Pier 2 Waterfront space

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3 Outdoor theatre 4 Observation platform 5 Earth-sheltered space 7

6 Connecting path

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7 Residence 8 Vertical farm

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9 Civil center

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10 Playground 11 Planting bed of mangrove tress 12 Ecological floating island

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13 Floating agricultural island _ S-scale

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14 Floating agricultural island _ L-scale

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SMALL SCALE Specific design of spatial typology

Think of prototypes of functional units that respond to actual wetland life and ecology and are also applicable to the context of other sites.

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SMALL SCALE INFRASTRUCTURE _ COMMUNITY TOWER The community tower is an important ecological and energy facility in a community. It occupies a small area and is in the shape of a tower. The solar panels on the top can be opened on sunny days to provide solar energy for the community. Rainwater can be collected on rainy days, filtered and stored. There are brackets on the outside to form a vertical greening.

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S M A L L

S C A L E

How does the 'community tower' dispose water, rain and provide solar energy?

INFRASTRUCTURE _ COMMUNITY TOWER

In the community, towers are distributed in the outer periphery, and about 2 to 3 towers can support the water treatment and energy supply of a community cluster.

Solar cells turn on sunny days

Energy provided from solar cells

Clean the rain and sewage

Water storage

Grass wall grows gradually 90

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The community tower is an important ecological and energy facility in a community. It occupies a small area and is in the shape of a tower. The solar panels on the top can be opened on sunny days to provide solar energy for the community.

Rainwater can be collected on rainy days, filtered and stored.

There are brackets on the outside to form a vertical greening.

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SMALL SCALE INFRASTRUCTURE _ VERTICAL FARM Vertical agriculture is an important feature of the community. It ensures that the community can be selfsufficient, and it occupies a small area and seldom encroaches on wetlands. There is a platform on the bottom floor that can be used as a site for an agricultural market to meet the needs of residents.

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S M A L L

S C A L E

INFRASTRUCTURE _ VERTICAL FARM

The outer layer of the facility is covered with a transparent greenhouse to control the temperature inside and a vertical traffic body at the back.

In addition, the internal multi-storey agricultural planting pool design ensures high agricultural productivity.

Set the solar cells on the roof, and matain the temperature in greenhouse

Productive vertical crop

Farm market sells production

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Vertical agriculture is an important feature of the community.

It ensures that the community can be self-sufficient, and it occupies a small area and seldom encroaches on wetlands.

There is a platform on the bottom floor that can be used as a site for an agricultural market to meet the needs of residents.

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SMALL SCALE RESIDENCE Residential building to modular assembly, low price, convenient construction and other advantages.

Moreover, the shape of each residential building responds to the surrounding environment and can be adjusted accordingly.

Common areas are arranged between the units to provide activity and communication space.

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S M A L L

S C A L E

RESIDENCE

Each residential unit is assembled by several modules, the material is lightweight concrete, and the bottom layer has a certain distance from the water surface to reduce the interference to the wetland. The residential communities have abundant transportation routes and are connected by public areas. The roof garden provides resting space, and the pergola can be planted with vines.

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Residence is made of lightweight concrete modules

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Residence units are connected with public hall.

There is a roof garden on the each residence's roof.

Residential building to modular assembly, low price, convenient construction and other advantages.

Moreover, the shape of each residential building responds to the surrounding environment and can be adjusted accordingly.

Common areas are arranged between the units to provide activity and communication space.

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SMALL SCALE WETLAND INFRASTRUCTURE A series of green infrastructures are set up in the wetland, including mangrove planting ponds, ecological floating islands and aquatic agricultural floating islands of different scales. Together, they form a multi-level buffer zone, which not only helps the production of the community, but also benefits the ecological restoration.

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S M A L L

S C A L E

Structure of wetland buffer

WETLAND INFRASTRUCTURE

There are 4 levels of buffer zone from the shore. The first level is the concrete planting pond, which can help the planting and growth of mangroves. Mangroves are important local tree species. Their well-developed root systems can effectively resist floods and protect river banks. The second layer is a large number of ecological floating islands, on which are planted with native aquatic plants. The third and fourth levels are two-scale aquatic agricultural floating islands, which provide many functions such as fish farming, aquatic plant cultivation, and agricultural products cultivation.

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1st level buffer _ Mangrove planting bed

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2nd level buffer _ Ecological island

3rd level buffer _ S-scale agricultrual island

4th level buffer _ L-scale agricultrual island

A series of green infrastructures are set up in the wetland, including mangrove planting ponds, ecological floating islands and aquatic agricultural floating islands of different scales. Together, they form a multi-level buffer zone, which not only helps the production of the community, but also benefits the ecological restoration.

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SMALL SCALE WATERFRONT SPACE The waterfront space is very diverse, with multiple experiences such as plank roads, platforms, and piers. As a transitional area between built are and wetland, they also undertake ecological protection, wetland viewing and other responsibilities.

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S M A L L

S C A L E

WATERFRONT SPACE

Different community clusters are connected by elevated bridges. The wooden platform can dock boats. People can also carry out a variety of activities on the platform. The wetland plank road helps people experience the unique ecological environment of the wetland up close.

Elevated bridge connects different community clusters

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Various waterfront life; Accessible to nature and wetland

Walk along the wood boardwalk to experience wetland ecosystem

The waterfront space is very diverse, with multiple experiences such as plank roads, platforms, and piers. As a transitional area between built are and wetland, they also undertake ecological protection, wetland viewing and other responsibilities.

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SMALL SCALE PUBLIC SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE The public buildings in the community are mainly earthcovered buildings, which are beneficial to the ecology and provide a multi-level spatial experience. The community center is also located in the center of each cluster, which is the main space for people to communicate. The ring bridge connects several functional points, including playground, grass theater, etc.

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S M A L L

S C A L E

PUBLIC SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE

The shell-shaped earth-covered building provides a cool and pleasant gray space, and people can also climb on the roof lawn for activities. The middle and lower sides of the community center are connected with the surrounding roads, and there is also a sunken square in the middle.

The playground provides corresponding activity space for residents of different ages.

Earth sheltered architecture _ Provide different space experience

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Community center _ Located on the central place of one cluster and it is considered as a transporation and activity node

Playground _ Provide activity areas for residents of different ages

The public buildings in the community are mainly earthcovered buildings, which are beneficial to the ecology and provide a multi-level spatial experience. The community center is also located in the center of each cluster, which is the main space for people to communicate. The ring bridge connects several functional points, including playground, grass theater, etc.

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REFLECTION This is a very exciting journey for me. I learn to utilize mathematic modeling to deal with realistic landscape issues.

What is more meaningful is gaining the ability to integrate the algorithm to practical landscape design.

Sometimes,the outcome from algorithm is far away from my expectation, but gradually I accept come unexpected conditions, and try to translate them into landscape language. At the end of the long-time project, I think that I appreciate the idea that design is not fixed. It could be objective, but not only have one correct answer.

High-speed urbanization is widespread all over the world, especially in some developing countries. Moreover, this process is usually spontaneous and there is no effective and long-term vision for the future of the city. In this context, it can cause conflicts in social ecosystems. This conflict adversely affects local ecosystems and local living standards.

My design focuses on India as a country that witnesses millions of immigrants each year. With the advent of new residents, newly constructed areas are rapidly invading their original ecological areas. Dynamic and voluntary how to select specific conflict hotspots across the country and to achieve a continuous balance between new communities and wetlands (the main landscape conditions of the design site) in the future How to propose a system is the focus of the future stage. business.

Multi-agent-based modeling as a powerful generative design tool will be an important method of your project. As far as this technology is concerned, all agents given clear and simple rules play a specific role throughout the system, including citizenship, migration, species, and liquidity ... a large number of agents come together to interact. At the same time, you can simulate complex systems and infer new socio-ecological dynamics in the context of your design.

In general, specific mathematical modeling is applied to all parts of the project. Use it to narrow down the cities worth doing design research and find hidden relationships between different social and ecological factors. In addition, I referred to the experimental iterations and translated them into a landscape language. Finally, as a general strategy, you can also tune your system and apply it to different environments.

Regarding the design exercise "Zooming of the East Kolkata Wetlands", the results of this project will be a new system that will help propose a growth schedule for future urbanization and build a predictively optimized coastal village structure. Become. Here are some ideas for future wetland cities. Because they are algorithm-based, they can adapt to local conditions. You can also be self-reliant. Community clusters have multiple functions such as agriculture, resources, housing, and entertainment, and they cooperate and interact with each other.

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Byravan, S. and Rajan, S.C. (2013). An Evaluation of India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change. SSRN Electronic Journal.

Cantrell, B., Martin, L.J. and Ellis, E.C. (2017). Designing Autonomy: Opportunities for New Wildness in the Anthropocene. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 32(3), pp.156–166.

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