Huifang memory Urban renewal, historic block, cultural preservation
Haoyu Yao s3654573
CONTENTS PAGE
01 Introduction -Research question
-Client and stakeholder -methodology
02 Background Research -Situation of heritage protection
04 Precenent Study -Ju 'er Hutong, Beijing
-Guangzhou Yongqing Fang Enning Road -Shanghai Xintiandi historic District
05 Theoretical Framework
-The influence of culture on economy -Historic districts positive and negative
03 Research Site Xi'an
06 The Design Strategy -Detailed site overview
-City history
-Public space case study
-City situation
-Select detail sites
-City heritage
-Detail site 1 -Detail site 2
04 Site Detailed Analysis_Huifang Historic District
-Detail site 3
-Circulation
07 Conclusion
-land use
-Site overview -Site problem and issue -Site opportuities
08 Reference
01 Introduction -Research question -Client and stakeholder -Methodology
How to balance conservation and urban renewal in high-density historic districts through landscape design? -How can public open space influence the balance between urban renewal development and the protection of significant high-density historic districts?
Cilent and Stakeholder
CLIENT Xi 'an Municipal Government
Cultural protection Agency
Community Service Agencies
In this project, xi 'an city government is the main customer. Contact heritage conservation and local community groups to update the historic district
MAJOR STAKEHOLDER Local residents
Workers
The main focus of the community project is to improve the living environment of the local residents and improve the quality of life of the historic district, so the main and direct stakeholders of the project are the local residents of Huimin Street, followed by the migrant workers and visitors
Visitor
MINOR STAKEHOLDER
Town Planning Bureau
Historic City Preservation Bureau
City management Bureau
Finally, the government protects and plans the culture of historic districts.
UN GOALS 11.1 By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums 11.2 By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage
This project connects the United Nations 11th Problem to improve the living environment of urban residents while addressing the loss of cultural and urban identity brought about by urbanization. Balanced urban renewal and cultural preservation provide sustainable development opportunities for historic districts
METHODOLOGY
How to do project research and design?
WHAT
WHY
HOW
Overall Vision Implementation phase
Cilent and Stakeholder
Phase 1
Theoretical Framework Precedents Huifang block daily life and needs Huifang Historic District Opportunity
Phase 2
issues and challenges in and beyond Huifang block What is Huifang Historic block ？ Link with Landscape & UN goals Losing the culture of the historic block Urbanization
Phase 3
Abstract
Global population growth and the rapid urbanization of our cities is progressively resulting in the loss of cultural and historical districts - areas that were once the heart and soul of the city. Xi 'an is a city with the richest culture in China, although excessive government development has resulted in the loss of public amenity and community space within its historical districts. Maintaining the balance between old and new within these districts is increasingly important as the city continues to grow. This design research project zooms into the historical district of Huifang as the research site and explores the theories of urban organic renewal, symbiosis, and urban acupuncture to establish a new cognition of the historical district. The concept develops a correlation between Historical districts and human physiological structure, referring to viscera doctrine, meridian theory and acupoints. Using the existing social network and spatial texture as its foundations, interventions are carried out across three different scales, with varying ‘treatment’ strategies applied to guide the future development and preservation of the historic district. As landscape architects we have the ability to influence the conservation and renewal of highdensity historic districts and their associated public space. By engaging with the community and designing these spaces we can maintain the cultural and economic development of the historic district and simultaneously improve the urban environment and heal the urban landscape.
Cultural heritage development status quo Cultural heritage development status quo Cultural heritage development status quo
Number of heritage 50+
Number 35 of -heritage 49 20 - 34 50+ 35--19 49 15
02 Background Research -Cultural heritage development status quo -The influence of culture on economy
10 20--14 34 515- 9- 19 110- 4- 14 5-9 historical building 1-4 historical building
Economic income of China's historic districts
xi’an
-Historic districts positive and negative
Economic income of China's historic districts Bejing
Xi’an
Bejing Shanghai
Xi’an Anhui Number of historic districts protected 1 2
Shanghai Anhui Guangzhou
3 Number of historic districts protected 1 2
Guangzhou
3
As the oldest city in China, Xi 'an has the least protection of its historic districts.
changsha xi’an shanghai changsha wuxi shanghai shenzhen wuxi hangzhou shenzhen shuzhou hangzhou chengdu shuzhou shaxing chengdu shenzhen shaxing shenzhen
As the oldest city in China, Xi 'an has the least protection of its historic districts.
Under the background of the acceleration of urbanization in the world, the global urban cultural heritage has become the main competitiveness of urban economy. China has the most prominent urbanization problem and the fastest pace. Under the background of the of urbanization in the urban cultural Among them, Xi 'an, as the cityacceleration with the most cultural heritage in world, China, the has global many historical districts, heritage has become the main competitiveness economy. and the problem of cultural heritage loss and lackofofurban public space is very serious. China has the most prominent urbanization problem and the fastest pace. Among them, Xi 'an, as the city with the most cultural heritage in China, has many historical districts, and the problem of cultural heritage loss and lack of public space is very serious.
What are historic districts and they are distributed What is a historic district?
The problems of historic districts
The historical and cultural block is a place with "spatial characteristics". It takes the historical and cultural atmosphere as its rich characteristics, showing the multi-layer intrinsic value of materiality and immateriality, and forms a unique sense of history and place through a series of adjustment and distribution of urbanization. It plays an important role in reflecting the diversity of urban culture and continuing the urban fabric.
sustainability Local lifestaly Historic buildings
Cultural and Historical District
Living environment
Economic development old city
Community awareness Urban culture
Local residents remove
cultural impact
economic impact
The distribution of historic block rural
social impact
historical block
20000
Xi'an
15000
10000
Demolition of historic block
5000
city
0
Urban centers of different sizes but less well known city development
0
10
Small and medium-sized towns on the edge and low visibility
20
30
40
rural
The distance from the city center(km)
In the course of the development of the historic district, its popularity depends on its distance from the city center. The closer the historic district is to the city center, the better the economic development.
historical building historical block
03 Research Site Xi'an -City history -City situation -City cultural heritage
Urban development
Research_Xi 'an history 10
8
6
1940
population(x 10,000）
4
Cultural Heritage Loss 2
0
Cultural heritage Cultural Heritage Loss
1960
Traditional resident life
Less Residential Space More tourists, more business
1990
Xi’an
Xi 'an Huimin Street is a snack street in Xi 'an. Hui man Street is located in the North courtyard, for the Qing dynasty official district, because shaanxi governor yamen in the north of the Drum Tower, so named North courtyard.
now
In the late 1990s , part of the Hui people rent houses in this street to operate catering, Lianhu district then changed to the direction of catering street reconstruction, the North courtyard gate then became Hui people Street.
After the reform and opening up, the city faces development. Some of the historic streets were forced to be demolished. Some historic buildings have lost their protection and become dilapidated. The streets have lost their original cultural character.
In the 21st century, with the government of the city's demand for economic development. Hui Min Street has been transformed into a commercial street, residential.
The government realized the importance of cultural heritage and began to protect the existing historic streets. But the departure of local residents and the gradual disappearance of traditional life. The historic district has lost its original vitality.
Research_Xi‘an situation
Complex environments
Water
river Wei
airport
The third Ring Road Ba
riv er
Green
metro station The Second Ring Road
The old town Network
train station
key area railway main road region historical block historical heritage
Architecture
The overall environmental space of Xi 'an is very diverse.Urban development revolves around the ancient city and expands outwards.High internal building density, low urban green space, A complex network of water systems,crisscrossed roads.
Research_Xi‘an cultural heritage 北院门
高家大院 榜眼府
There are many traditional cuisines in the ancient city. 清真寺
鼓楼 城隍庙
Historic buildings
North st
Lotus lake road
The main street
Xiwu road
The city center west st
Green space
Community activities
East st
South st
Heritage Historical block School
1380s
1873s
Cultural programs
It is a typical Muslim residential historic district and the most bustling tourist window in Huifang. Here is not only a food street, there is a profound religious culture, solemn religious buildings, spontaneous growth of residential streets, moving street life. It not only sustains the life of huifang residents, but also carries the memory of the residents of the ancient city.
The main road The railway station
742s
Historic buildings
1919s
1976s
1982s
Now
04 Site Detailed Analysis_Huifang Historic District -land use -Circulation -Site overview -Site problem and issue -Site opportuities
Land use
Mix use area
Residential area
Heritage building
opean space
Most of the buildings along the main road in the block are commercial or commercial residential mixed buildings, the rest are a large number of residential. There is an extreme shortage of green space and an absence of open space. Residential area Mix use area Heritage building Opean space N
50m 20m
100m
Circulation
Vistors
Residents
Vehicles
Bicycles
The traffic in huifang historic district is mainly pedestrians and bicycles. There are no bus or subway lines. This block has 19 historical blocks. The street is relatively narrow in width. Generally around 3-6 meters, few vehicles running. The width of an alley is generally about 2-4 meters.
Vehicles Bicycles Vistors Residents N
50m 20m
100m
Site overview Lane group main road
P
P
6 meters
secondary road
P
P
4 meters
mian lane
P
P
P
P
1:5000
good public parts
Residential areas
green space
Heritage building
open space
Mixed residential and commercial
the entrance
3 meters
secondary lane
average public parts low public parts P
Section A
parking space
P
P
3 meters
1:400
Section B
1:400
Site issue History street users
Community response Traffic congestion Service facilities are not complete
Pedestrians and cars share the street
Poor environmental quality
Lack of street vegetation
vendors Lack of management
The street disorderly
Blurred street signs
Each street develops similarly
Less public space
Communication space
Event Celebration Space
56.86%
Residents Lack of street furniture
37.25%
The street ecosystem is poor
workers 22.55% 39.22%
Lack of green space
tourists
The occupation is serious Lack of private space
There is no parking inside the site
Lack of space for public communication
Broken public services
Lack of activity space
Lack of neighborhood contact Traffic congestion
There is no parking inside the site
public space
mixed space
Residents space
visitors space
Site advantages Residents' activities
Cultural activities
Due to the development of the street by the government, the historic buildings and traditional food in the street have been preserved to this day. Traditional food production performance
Muslim Festivals
Attracted a lot of tourists to experience here, the block has become the city center's most lively tourist attractions
The traditional food
The wedding parade
Traditional Instrument Performance
Traditional Community Activities
shadow puppetry
Historic buildings
742s
1380s
1873s
1919s
1976s
1982s
Now
04 Precenent Study -Ju 'er Hutong, Beijing -Guangzhou Yongqing Fang Enning Road -Shanghai Xintiandi historic District
05 Theoretical Framework
Lierature Issue
Research question
Aim
Strategies
Historic district developments in urbanization are mostly demolished or commercialized for tourism. As a result, the historical streets lack of infrastructure and residents lack of activity space, poor street environment
How to balance conservation and urban renewal in high-density historic block through landscape design? -How can public open influence the balance between urban renewal development and the protection of significant high-density historic block?
Use a gentle approach to create a sense of community and belonging for residents of developing historic block. At the same time of maintaining the cultural and economic development of the historic district, we should utilize and guide the community to develop the living space independently in a positive way, improve the street environment and heal the urban landscape.
urban acupuncture
Renewal and Conservation of historic block Chinese medicine acupuncture
Urban acupuncture is put forward by Western planner as the gradual transformation of treatments for a variety of urban conditions,which is proved more accurate and flexible for urban revival. It is more moderate than the development way of transformation.
Chinese medicine acupuncture based on the Chinese traditional culture, "acupuncture" and "moxibustion" as the techniques, regulates the body via organs, meridians and acupoints. It is a good recipe for diseases.
Streets and sidewalks are important public areas and the most important organs of a city. Imagine, when you think of a city, what comes to mind? Its streets. If the streets of a city look interesting, the city will look interesting.
The expansion, renewal and sustainable development of the city and the control of the city. Is leading to large-scale unbalanced development and the disappearance of urban cultural characteristics.
This will take "urban acupuncture" as a research starting point, to establish the correlation between Historical block and human physiological structure, referring to viscera doctrine, meridian theory and acupoints.
Environmental conditions Street green space Crowded living conditions Street safety
Supporting theories
Organic urban Renewal
Social interaction public space street activities community services
symbiotic
Cultural protection cultural value Economic development continue
Urban regeneration led by cultural protection
Urban acupuncture is put forward by Western planner as the gradual transformation of treatments for a variety of urban conditions,which is proved more accurate and flexible for urban revival. It is more moderate than the development way of transformation. Whether designing public space or building slow-moving places, the ultimate goal is to create a pleasant scale and comfortable space for human communication. Only in such a space, can discussion and speech have objects, democracy and rights have soil, chat up and love have a corner to meet, so that architecture, a practical art can play its maximum potential... Architecture is an inanimate but systematic entity for the growth, living, breeding and replacement of human beings. As practitioners of the future industry, our design is not an oil painting for god to see, let alone a promotion chip hung in an official's office as an effect picture.
precedents
Beijing residential historical district
Yongqing Fangenning Road, Guangzhou City, urban reconstruction design
Shanghai Xintiandi historic District is updated
06 The Design Strategy -Detailed site overview -Public space case study -Select detail sites -Detail site 1 -Detail site 2 -Detail site 3
Detailed site overview
Main cultural street
Main cultural street
Commercial street
Historic buildings are surrounded by street vendors Traffic occupation is serious Historic buildings are surrounded by street vendors
Commercial street Community space Traffic occupation is serious resident‘ daily lives affectend
lack of greenery Lack of space for communication
Poor cultural experience
intervention site
Communit resident‘
lack of greenery
lack of private space Lack of space for communication
lack of private space lack public activity space
Poor cultural experience street safety
street safetyLack flexibility and functiona
intervention site
intervention site
intervention site intervention site
private space
afety
Case study of public space Community space
Principle : Activate street ,add new activities for people
resident‘ daily lives affectend
case study: Elizabeth st pop up park -feature lighting 2017.12-2018.3 -artificial turf 9,300people/1hour -planter boxes 375 square meters -moveable street case study: Holland street Upgrade
lack public activity space
City of West Torrens -retaining an open flexibility -respectful of the site context -Reflecting West Torrens industrial history case study: One of Santiago, Chile’s most congested streets The 400-yard stretch of road adjacent to Santiago’s government palace - Closed streets for pedestrian-only weekend activities - Street features graffiti, art installations - Increase the sense of belonging and participation of the street
Interactive space
Lack flexibility and functiona
School space
POINT 1
Activity space
Residents space
POINT 2
Festirals venues
Cultural space
POINT 3
Green space
Commercial space
POINT 4
Objective: -Releasing open space in high-density historic districts -Provide a place for different needs -Increase the sense of community participation and residents' sense of belonging
intervention site
Case study of public space
Case study of public space
Technique of “ Acupunction ” strategy : functional zone
te 3
i ils S a t e D ent r r u C
Current situation: This place is located in a traditional commercial street with low traffic safety and complicated traffic. There are a large number of retail and traditional souvenir shops, and the lack of infrastructure makes it impossible for people to stay on the streets.
Technique of “ Acupunction ” strategy : Community collaboration
2 Site s l i eta nt D
e Curr
Current situation: This place is located in a community area with low usage and has become a temporary stop for many cars. Community lack of activity space, low community awareness of residents
Technique of “ Acupuncture ” strategy : Cultural node
e Curr
te 1 i S s etail D t n
Current situation: This place is the public space at the entrance of the historic district, next to the Hui Fang History Museum. But the large number of street vendors spoils visitors' experience of Hui Fang culture.At the same time, the site also lacks cultural functionality.
The renewal and protection of historic districts is a complicated process, and the government only pays attention to the formal cultural development while neglecting the needs of residents The design project redistributes street functions and restores residents' lives through small-scale interventions. Repair public Spaces that have been occupied due to mismanagement. Planning with the concept of urban acupuncture and organic renewal. But there is a risk that acupuncture theory is too conservative. However, due to the crowding of the site and the understanding of the policy, the building cannot be demolished to release the space Community participation becomes important, promoting a sense of participation among residents. Understand the attributes of the community and the street by understanding the needs of residents and visitors for redistribution of the site. By understanding the needs of residents, designers can better improve the site functions. In this project, the historic district is over-developed for tourism.In a balanced way, the old culture and the needs of the site's residents and visitors for a new life are maintained. However, the transformation of historic districts is different, and different street conditions have different solutions. This is not the only way to help historic districts survive sustainably in the urban landscape.
07 Conclusion
08 Reference
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