Flynn Barbary DRC The War Drum by RMIT Landscape Architecture

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

THE WAR DRUM ‘W ater - responsible

futures for decentralised

M allee

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Glossary communities ’

Research Question:

How can Woomelang demonstrate a customisation of landscape variables to progress to a water-responsible future?

Sub Question:

How can the design research through water catchment demonstrations determine that the decentralised Malleean communities are worth saving?

Key Words: Woomelang Food Production Water Catchment Agriculture Mallee Revegetation Soil Conservation GWM Pipeline Decentralised Communities Outsourcing

Demonstration

The act of proving that a design will work.

Mallee

The large district in which Woomelang is in.

Customisation

To make or alter to a specific individual’s needs and specifications.

Yarriambiack

The local government of the area of Woomelang.

Community

A group of people that live in, or have regular associations with an area.

Manual

A set of instructions and formulas that can operate between a group of people.

Landscape Variables

The change or indifference in a landscape scenario.

Scenario

An irregular or alternative environment or speculated event.

Water-responsibility

A power of duty and control over a quantity of water.

Self-Sufficient

Something in which functions on its own without intervention.

Decentralised

A community which does not have access to a local resource or service.

Formula

A conventional method in which aims to provide similar outcomes.

Outsource

The act of providing a resource or service to where it is needed.

Centralise

The act of a concentrated or a provided service or resource.

Deteriorate

Something in which is decaying or diminishing over time.

Opportunity

A discovery in a circumstance in which can have positive outcomes.

Abstract For over 120 years, Mallee townships that

pursuit of a rejuvenating and more self-

are decentralised from natural water

sufficient future through the publishment

bodies have been heavily relying on expensive

of a ‘water-responsible manual’.

investments in water distribution methods

this manual the community will be engaged

in order to sustain a viable agriculture

with specific tools and formulas in order

industry and living environment.

to become a water smart society which will

Since the

By producing

Grampian Wimmera Mallee Pipeline in 2006 there have been

progress the agriculture production rather

negative changes to the conditions of the

continue to deteriorate the land.

construction of the

than a water scarce society which will

soil, the agriculture production and the

This design research proposal will analyse

The design demonstrations will work in two primary scales; The Agriculture and the Township scale, and will contend with

a decentralised landscape in order to

a dependant history of an outsource of

expose opportunities in harvesting water.

water, as well as salinity, desertification, a

The project intends to research how

declining population, and water productivity

demonstrations in water catchment systems

and security in order to indicate if the

can be re-engineered in order to address

agricultural industries and their townships

the desire for water in a specific landscape

are worth saving.

quality of life in

scenario.

Woomelang.

The design outcome will be the

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

2. Abstract 3. Glossary 6. An Introduction 8. Questioning 12. Tales

‘The Howling Wilderness’ Timeline Tremulous Land Blood & Veins G.W.M Pipeline Adversaries Blue Gold Mutual Core Precedent Dictionary

50. Army

Occupied Woomelang Site Opportunities Township Scale Agriculture Scale Formula A Kit of Parts Demonstrations Fog Harvest Dowsing Formula B

‘The War Drum’ by Flynn Barbary S3239000 Master in Landscape Architecture Design Research Catalogue RMIT University (2013)

78. The Rain Dance For You The Master Plan

Security Food Production Soil Conservation Agriculture Revegetation In Season The Projected Timeline Applied Birchip

118. The Fox Tree

Current Assessment A Town Worth Saving References Acknowledgements

An Introduction “... It is a country that people generally know very little about, that nobody has done much good with, that has broken the banks of many men, the hearts of not a few; that contains the skeletons and ugly ghosts of many a bright dream. It is haunted by the spirit to the heritage of our desolation, it is endurable only to those who love the wilderness, or who dauntlessly labour for its redemption. It was through many years an absolute terra incognita - an unapproachable country to people of the metropolis and the tame lands of the coast...” Frances Myers. A description of the Mallee as it was in 1892.

Described as the ‘Howling Wilderness’ by settlers wandering the Mallee, it’s easy to see why pioneers such as E.H Lascelles

between farmers and townships.

were subjected to judgement and scepticism

a future of deteriorating farm land,

when they found this land faithful.

the declining water allocation and the

The

soil was amazing, great for the farming of

Are decentralised townships in the Mallee too incapable to continue to survive from

abandoning population?

dry land goods such as wheats, barley and canola and a promising contribution to the national economy and food security.

The

only problem was that there was a limited source of water, sparsely distributed through the vast

Mallee landscape.

While it is exposed to such an unfamiliar academic spotlight, Woomelang is the fearful and enthralled heroine of The War Drum’s aim to confront the negative changes that are happening to the landscape and the endangered

When Woomelang developed as a town,

Mallee

townships.

the text which has archived history describes the distribution of water from the natural bodies as tiresome and excessive.

But through the hard labour of giving and taking water, the gesture created an inimitable alliance in the entire area of the

Mallee. This is an arid

The ambition of the design research is the production of a manual. The manual aims to master the re-interpretation of water catchment systems as a way of engaging the design process with the community.

Woomelang

The manual suggests ways in

landscape full of people who cared for

which an individual or collective initative

one-another.

can question the role of site intervention as a social impact between the designer and

However as the landscape rapidly changes and a dominating governance of water in the

Mallee is built, the social connections

the community.

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Questioning

noun war drums, plural ‘A drum beaten as a summons or an accompaniment to battle’ Example 01: “Beware the leader who bangs the drums of war in order to whip the citizenry into a patriotic fervor, for patriotism is indeed a double-edged sword. It both emboldens the blood, just as it narrows the mind. And when the drums of war have reached a fever pitch and the blood boils with hate and the mind has closed, the leader will have no need in seizing the rights of the citizenry. Rather, the citizenry, infused with fear and blinded by patriotism, will offer up all of their rights unto the leader and gladly so.

‘The War Drum’ is an abstract title that is a peace take of the ancient form of drumming and how it’s been guised as a metaphor in present times.

The war that the project is suggesting is the scarcity, dispute, governance, dependency and rationality of water. Woomelang is one of many sites that is discussed as evidence that the war on water is anticipated, just as the beat of the war drum initiates battle.

The war drum will always remain as the title of this work, it aims to be the monument in which marks this period in my scholar and research where everything becomes real.

Throughout I have been doing projects that have such a rich, emotional quality that has complicated the work, yet the site and the design the past four years

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Research Question: How can Woomelang demonstrate a customisation of landscape variables to progress to a water-responsible future? This research question introduces an understanding of what a landscape variable is. The purpose of which is a means of reached a point where the process of design became too specific and detailed, yet indecisive, which doesn’t help with getting the Woomelang community to understand why this project is important and how a water-responsible future can work.

address the process of constructing a manual, the project began to become more about the townspeople, the farmers, and how a next generation of waterresponsibility and security can be possible.

If a water-responsible future’ can harvest a viable water supply, then the design will continue to generate opportunities that are progressive to Woomelang. If the In the first stages of the project I was writing questions research proves that the landscape has an inability to that were more about locality, and the lack of accesses adapt to the design, then the community will continue to food and water for the community, and soon reached be welcome the supply that’s allocated to them until the a point where I was defining a ‘self sufficient landscape’. environment continues to deteriorate and the township However through changing the question in order to becomes abandoned.

intentions bring it back to a reality in which is

How do I know? For this is what I have done. And I am Caesar.”

visually compelling and spatially curious. It’s

I decided against an urban, megalomaniacI believe it denies the intimate and emotional detail. how

scaled design topic, because

William Shakespeare’s ‘Julius Caesar’

Therefore, The War Drum is a battle which

Example 02: “... ‘War Drums’ is a ceremony performed by many tribes / nations / people throughout history before attacking or being attacked by others... He (Barack Obama) is saying that they are preparing for a situation he doesn’t want to happen.”

argues the water management of both the

Woomelang and the Mallee area. It is responding to the proposed strategies for the site through clarifying a water-responsible future. and it is a design research which aims to achieve a more independent and self-sufficient future.

While I could choose to agonise over the comments regarding my decision to do this project on home as being a ‘double-edged sword’, refuse to regret facing these issues.

I will There is a

Victoria which are taken for granted, and if we can’t save this land, large community of farmers in

what hope do we have for the future of food and land security of

Australia?

Sub-Question: Can water catchment demonstrations determine that decentralised Mallee Communities are worth saving? This started as a love-hate relationship with this subquestion. I have an overwhelming uncertainty for the future of my home, and I loved this sub-question because it taught me to be less paternal to the site, and to be less victimised by what has happened in the last 8 years and will continue to happen.

I’m avoiding the hypocritical assumption that the decentralised Mallee environment is the same throughout the region, while at the same time I’m testing through design whether it is the decentralised mallee communities that are worth saving, or just Woomelang?

However I dislike the research question because it explicitly drops the design research intentions and tests into the context of the entire Mallee region, and I have to tread water so that the project does not lose its democratic nature which argues against the Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy.

What am I saving? Primarily its the agriculture industry, without a secure supply of water the farmers are left defenceless against drought and soil pollution. If the farms fall, the townships will become abandoned. How much time, money and infrastructure are we willing to invest in order to determine whether this industry and lifestyle is worth saving?

Questioning

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Previous Research Questions; How can the design of a self-sufficient landscape inform the Woomelang’s future?

Week 10 - Week B.3 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)

How can the design of a unionised landscape inform the security of Woomelang’s future?

Week 10 - Week B.3 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)

security of

How can the design of a self-sufficient landscape in Woomelang

Previous Titles; Week 1 to 2 Pre-Semester

Not Abandoned Yet Woomelang

‘Water-Responsible Futures for Decentralised Mallee Communities.’

mitigate the dependency of an outsource of water?

How can the design of a self-sufficient landscape inform the security of Woomelang’s future?

Week 10 - Week B.3 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)

Is it possible that Woomelang can move towards a more water

Week 10 (Too theoretical and doesn’t imply a sense of design.)

secure future or is the environment too incapable and dependant to be self-sufficient?

Through using the Woomelang community as the design practice to test water catchment potentials and interventions

Previous Sub-titles;

to encourage self-sufficiency, can it be determined that the

‘Water-secure futures for decentralised Mallee Communities.’ (Had a hard time identifying security as a criteria more than a pursuit. I wanted a word which tied in a relationship between people and the control that they can have with their futures.)

Project A, Mid-Semester to Project B, Week 4

‘Where there is life, there is water’ (a quote from ‘Avatar: The Last Airbender’, when Hama discovers

Project A, Week 1 to Mid-Semester. (When the quote was misinterpreted as the work was presented.)

how to harness the power to manipulate water found in blood

‘Rethinking the accessibility and locality to basic needs in decentralised communities in Mallee Victoria.’ ‘Rethinking’, ‘accessibility’ and ‘basic needs’ became too broad. It was also directing the project away from the Landscape Architecture discourse and more into an engineering project.

decentralised

Malleean communities are worth saving?

With the aim to have less dependency on an outsource, how can Woomelang move towards a water secure future? the community of

and living organisms)

Pre-Semester

Week 10 - Week B.3 (self-sufficiency stands as an ultimatum which annihilates all that is dependant)

How can the community of Woomelang move towards a water secure future and have less dependency on an outsource of water?

How can the community of Woomelang move towards a water secure future?

Week 10 (Too lengthy and patronising. I think I was trying to mesh a subquestion and a question in one.) Week 7-9 Unnecessary statement of aim. Mid-Semester - Week 9 Needs to be simplified and properly defined. Week 4 - Mid-Semester Wasn’t defined enough.

How can Landscape Architecture discover ways in addressing the Mallee Victoria?

Week 4 ‘Environment’ self-sufficiency?

How can Landscape Architecture address the issue of locality and distribution of resources to decentralised Mallee Victoria in

Week 3 - 4 Too Lengthy and detailed. Rejuvenate is still a vague word.

issue of environmental self sufficiency in decentralised

order to rejuvenate a viable living environment and agriculture industry?

Water-responsible futures for decentralised Mallee Communities. In a way this project has started since Woomelang was first . The land was good, but there was no water, and the agriculture industry has luckily existed to this day by gaining an outsource of water. But the disputes and management over water in the last 20 years has questioned the future of these towns.

In this design research proposal, a decentralised Mallee community is one which is built without a direct access to a self-sustaining water body or tributary. The community is made up of sub-communities; for example the Woomelang alliance is made up of the farming community which have a relationship to the facilities and townspeople within Woomelang, as well as the townspeople themselves who exist because of the agriculture industry.

How can Landscape Architecture address the issue of locality and distribution of resources to decentralised Mallee Victorian communities?

Week 1 - 3 Couldn’t shake off the whole ‘address the issue’ thing

How can Landscape Architecture provide a method and strategy to reconnect decentralised Mallee Victorian communities to a secure source of fresh food, clean water and other basic

Pre-Semester Lengthy word-vomit.

needs thus reviving a viable agriculture industry and living environment?

‘Tales of us’ is a chapter in which uses mappings, images and a

However, although the strategy

collection of narratives in order

time, the entire project instantly

to understand the land as it has

became a failure after the grazing

changed over time.

community showed an inability

was successful for a short period of

to adopt the strategy into their

This chapter generates an argument

lifestyles.

in how a designer approaches and

designer’s role in site intervention

This debate positions the

engages with site, specifically how relationships change during and

Before starting this project i had

after intervention.

a very clear connection to the

This is re-

enforced by my own intervention

current environmental and social

and design response morality, and

situation that was happening in

how the respect and value of the which it’s connected can succeed in a ‘bottom-up’ design process.

Woomelang. Even while living Melbourne, news of the poor farming conditions, rising suicide rates, and the decline in population in

existing site and the people in

The

project debates with designers that

and available services carried to me

are faced with intervening and

quickly through concerned family

engaging with a site in which they

members and friends.

have not lived in or associated with.

connection to home was my greatest

Without a modest and empathetic approach, the design intervention

resource in approaching this project.

will often lose its rigor and instead

Even though my family history

cultivate in a misunderstanding of

stretches seven generations to

the community’s ability to adapt to

the early settlers of the

new ideas of living.

This strong

Central

Mallee, the more I uncovered of the tales and family history, among

This debate was developed through the critique of Allen Savory’s ‘Hollistic Management’ research project, where the attempt of

the stories that were told to me by

implementing the strategy to

to directly understand the design

a cattle grazing community in

moves that need to be made in the

Zimbabwe proved that ‘Hollistic Management’ is successful in preventing desertification.

future.

the community, continued to refine my position.

The tales cultivated in

my apotheosis of the past as a means

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Tales of Us

The Howling Wilderness

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Images 1. Harvest Season 2012 2. Approaching Rainfall 3. Woomelang-Lascelles Footballs Club against Jeparit-Rainbow 4. Scrap Yard in Watchupga

As it took just over a decade for Woomelang to establish,

intimately, our mothers and fathers

the community grew beyond a

we still fight for this land in the

completely isolated expansion

right to do so.

of dryland farming industry.

have survived here, and to this day

disengaged from urban life as it is, the town slowly grew as a variety of services became available to the townspeople.

Over the years some people would find a temporary life in

The main activities that keep the town together (socially) are the Woomelang & Lascelles Region Football and Netball Club as well as practicing Christianity at the local church. In places such as Woomelang it is important to keep

Woomelang, a change of scenery or pace, a certain kind of exclusivity

the community socially healthy

or secrecy that was deprived in

isolated population which needs the

their life.

love and support of others.

Eventually they would

because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s such a small and

go, along with the services they provided.

The Football and Netball Club Woomelang and Lascelles to the other decentralised Mallee Regions which reacquaint an alliance. also reconnects

As the special people who have stayed in Woomelang all this time, we have lived through the event of a pharmacy open with the sudden prosperity of closing, pub owners manage with an indecisiveness

Although the sport is very competitive, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s very humble to

to continue, and farmers who

have to travel for hours along

misjudged the high level of

the

difficulty this land brings, and

these old adversaries you never

abandon it.

really see outside of the sporting

People come and go, however the Woomelang community is mostly made up of people who hold a strong heritage to the towns history.

We know this land

Mallee to play against

environment.

Tales of Us

The Howling Wilderness

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

On the opposite page is a map of Victoria showing the distance between Woomelang and Melbourne. While also showing cities that are nearby and the

Mildura

Murray River. Woomelang is 359 kilometers from Melbourne.

Murray River

The image on the top left was one Adelaide

of the first post cards that was made dedicated to

Woomelang.

Swan Hill

The image on the bottom is an older town plan with names which already indicate who owns what property.

Woomelang

At the time the township

had a much higher expectation of a growing population through the success of the farming industry.

This shows as comparison and

Bendigo

contrast to the town plan of

Woomelang today, where a slow development leads to a reoccupation of vegetation and farm land thats evident in the north west side of town along

Street.

Dudley

Ballarat

Melbourne

Tales of Us

The Howling Wilderness

Current Population: 165 People and Declining.

The following plan is a diagram of the existing population of

Woomelang through the

understanding what buildings are being used, and which ones are not.

This understanding through drawing aims to grasp what property is occupied, which is a vacant lot, and which houses have been abandoned and dilapidated in order to ground a difference between the historical plan of the town, the investments made into building and development of this town, as well as the current scenario in which acknowledges which buildings have been made

246 ROOFS . redundant

OCCUPIED

250

ABANDONED

70.0 9%

200

150

.4 21

FOR SALE

8.42%

100

75 Active Residents, 32 Inactive Residents 107 RESIDENTIAL HOMES

PROPERTY SHEDS

Occupied / Used

Abandoned / Vacated

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

For Sale

Tales of Us

Timeline

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Key Articles

The following timeline is about Woomelang throughout history, with diagrams and bodies of text

1898 - Water from Lake Lonsdale was supplied along the Yarrambiack Creek to Warracknabeal.

1899 - “Several Large tanks have been excavated, and a pumping plant erected to supply railway engines”

which narrate the thick history of the townships dependency of an outsource of water.

The ‘Land Worth Saving’ Journal is a collection of information archived by the region’s historical society, with the core information originating from couriers in nearby

Hopetoun.

With this information, together with the current state of the population and the landscape, the reading frames my conflicting position associated with the towns

1899, 1900, 1901 - Lascelles accompanied the Minister of Water Supply to the site of the proposed reservoir to press his claim. The proposals were controversial, but all views expressed emphasised the importance of water being brought to the area if it was to survive and meet its potentialities. 1900 - all the eastern mallee supplies of water had failed. Water had been channelled from Sea Lake (the only successful catchment).

inability to harvest their own water for

naive enough to know that water can’t keep being given to us.

On the

contrary does this also question whether this was just a poorly designed or located town.

Was Woomelang ever meant to exist?

1946 - Due to the inefficiencies of cleaning the channels and allowing the supply of water to flow, it caused many hardships for farmers. Quite a lot of livestock died from starvation in this period.

1901 - the railway department granted residents of Cronomby Tanks the use of water from the railway tanks. In March the Yarrambiack Creek’s supply of water was exhausted, making it necessary for water trains to bring water from reserves at Donald. The construction of the railway brought two trains loaded with water a day.

1902 - The scheme was assessed by McNab’s text “Romance of the Wimmera - Mallee Water Supply System” saying that after the main supply from Donald was facing depletion, there were arrangements to draw water supply from Castlemaine to Woomelang.

1982 - 83 - Drought Years. Channel cleaning had become a major work and expense in this time.

1905 - The Water Act brought into being the State Rivers and Water Supply commission to control the development and distribution of water resources to the best advantage for the whole state of Victoria.

The Mallee piping scheme was gaining momentum as conversations arose at the quantity of water lost to evaporation and seepage. Arguments then emerged from conservationalists who believed that replacing open channels with closed pipelines would have a negative effect on the ecology.

1914 - Droughts began to cause sand drifts which blocked channels. If the water lasted it would potentially be too dirty to work with.

“ Dare one suggest a similar national effort to conserve water and improve its distribution to the dry north-west of the state?”

1924 and 1939 - The amount of water delivered to an average farm doubled between these years, because of the increasing stock requirements and the farmers’ desire for better living environments.

November 2006 - The commenced construction of the GWM Pipeline. April 2010 - The finished construction of the GWM Pipeline.

1929 - Major Drought Year. Threatening a complete breakdown of the Mallee Water Supply that the channel to connect the Waranga Basin to the Mallee systems was constructed. 1939 - legislation was introduced to enable the commission to prohibit cultivation within one chain of channels in specified areas. 1944 - The Soil Conservation Board was set up to investigate and advise on the problems of soil erosion.

War Period

120 years. In a way we got Woomelang was

what we deserved,

1902 - Woomelang Reservoir was constructed as a national work. Average rainfall was about 14 Inches.

1890 - Settlement of Woomelang

1899 - a channel was constructed to drain storm water from the plains around Birchip and take it to Sea Lake. (Sea Lake had been filled to 10 feet, Green Lake to three feet. 5,000P was spent to construct the channels between Lake Maribed and Green Lake.

The ‘Land Worth Saving’ Journal

Drought Year. Farmers who still had horse teams were employed to clean out the sand, but it was war-time, and farm labour was scarce.

1902 - Big drought year.

War Period

Settlement Period

1881 - Drought year, activity in surveys and proposals for a comprehensive water scheme Lake Lonsdale, the most favoured proposal, was used as a regulating basin.

Tales of Us

Timeline

War

WWI

Drought

Policy

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Transportation Method

Origin of Water

WWII

Recorded Drought Years

Excavated three

Changes to the Water Act

large tanks

Allocation was Doubled

Yarrambiack Creek Donald

Additional Domestic Water Allocation for farming from the Murray River & Farm Allocation Campaspe River & Grampians Castlemaine & Donald Murray River

Legislation Affecting Cultivation

Waranga Basin - Mallee systems Channel

Horse & Cart Railway

The Grampians

2010

2000 1990

1980

1970

1960

1950

1950 1940

1930

1920

li n st ne ru ct io n t

Current Issues m en an

Ab g

in s

g n

li n

h n

ar s

se n

Co il

rv o

ir s

rv at

il t

io n

ar d

ai w as lw a bu y il t

d o

n f ri it n at ki er ng

ar D va yin t io g n

il t

ea n

Population Decrease

al l

Su p M ply

1910

1900

GWM Pipeline

1890 Settlement of Woomelang

1880

Changes to Water Allocation

Tales of Us

Tremulous Land

The drawing on the following pages is a layered mapping of Woomelang

was the assumption that if more

The justification behind this rule

which illustrates the existing

land was available it meant a larger

conditions in order to identify site

agriculture production.

opportunities.

over time it appears that assumption

Though

isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t usually true in rural

Victoria.

The two main subjects in the mapping are showing the activity of the pre-existing bodies, as well as gathering a sense of scale and area in which the dams sit in the landscape.

One of the problems in which Woomelang faces is a negative change to the health of the soil. As a large number of trees had been deforested, the landscape now advocates hot, arid winds in which

The next diagrams vegetation

shift aerodian top soils in which

densities implying that existing

becomes a difficult problem for

vegetation can be either used as

farmers.

an opportunity or avoided as an obstacle. It is very important in this

The other changes are that the

project to work with or around

root system of the tree is capable of

existing plants, rather than cut

providing nutrients and structure

them down.

in order to generate a healthy soil.

Without these root systems,

The reason behind this is in that during settlement, the area of land

soil that isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t priveleged with a

available to farm on was governed

saline pollution.

by the rule in which the owners of the property must deforest a certain amount of trees per hectare, or the owner would lose their rights to that land.

satisfying rainfall can be exposed

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Tales of Us

Tremulous Land

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

‘Lanark’ John Fenton In a Property near Hamilton, Victoria

Agricultural Scale

Situated close to Hamilton lived John Fenton, who after inheriting property which was weak and

the oak trees grew into adulthood. With Woomelang there is not only a problem the

unmanageable to grow a decent crop, dedicated

high summer temperatures which cause a strain in

his life planting and growing tall oak trees

the crops and livestock, but there’s

which acted as walls to the property.

Also the damaged caused by the winds that shift

The wall

Paddock Boundaries

of trees buffered the intensity of the hot winds

the top soil of the farmlands and accumulate

that damaged crops, prevented too much top soil

either along the fencelines, in built dams and any

and sand from entering and leaving the property,

other unwanted areas.

and gave good shade to the livestock

Fenton was This became the main driver behind the privilege of revegetating the landscape.

raising.

Eventually the condition of the land was rejuvenated back to a manageable condition once

Weak Buffer

GWM Pipeline

Strong Buffer

Township Scale

GWM Pipeline Paddock Boundaries

Site Analysis Area:

The land when inherited (1956) Buffer Zone

6037.957 Acres (24.435km²)

1:5500

The tall, drought-tolerant trees also provide shade for livestock.

Low Vegetation Density

Inactive Dams Active Dams

High Vegetation Density

The land after the planting design matured.

Tales of Us

Blood & Veins

DAMDAM (SMALL) (SMALL) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

SHEEP SHEEP 6.5 kg6.5 of kg wool of per woolsheep per sheep a yeara year 2,0002,000 to 4,000 to 4,000 kg’s ofkg’s collected of collected wool per woolyear. per year.

DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTUR

SWALE SWALE STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: PERMACULTURE PERMACULTURE

Woomelang.

The first was understanding where

CANOLA CANOLA .15 tonne .15 tonne yield per yieldHA per HA

the roads are, both asphalt and

boundaries lie in relationship to the roads, the town and the contours.

(SMALL) DAMDAM (SMALL) CHANNEL GRAINCORP CHANNEL STATUS: UNKNOWN GRAINCORP STATUS: UNKNOWN STATUS: ACTIVE STATUS: ACTIVE AGRICULTURE USE:USE: AGRICULTURE USE:USE: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

Then it was the access to an understanding of the agriculture production of the site, discovering

season.

This was averaged between

several local farmers.

The mapping became an analysis of pre-existing water bodies and is assessing their present activity.

-35.68109 E -35.68109

DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE S 142.66169

much harvest it will yield per

N N TIO TIO EC IREC R I D D IND IND E WGE W G A A ER ER AV AV

37 6M 37 M 6M RA M IN RA FA IN LL FA PE LL R PE YE R AR YE AR S 142.66169

what produce is grown and how

CRONOMBY CRONOMBY RESERVE RESERVE STATUS: STATUS: ACTIVE ACTIVE USE:USE: PLEASURE PLEASURE / RECREATION / RECREATION

WHEAT WHEAT 1.5 tonne 1.5 tonne yield per yieldHA per HA

This was mainly done through memory, yet it’s not hard to assume that without the channels working

all open bodies should be empty.

1:7500

PADDOCK BOUNDRY

done in a subterranean pipe, that

PADDOCK BOUNDRY

DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

and the water distribution being

NE GWM PIPELI

WATER WATER TANK TANK STATUS: STATUS: ACTIVE ACTIVE USE:USE: DOMESTIC DOMESTIC

how the property and paddock

NE GWM PIPELI

dirt roads, which then determine

PADDOCK BOUNDRY

surrounding

PADDOCK BOUNDRY

characteristics in the landscape

PADDOCK BOUNDRY

This mapping shows various

DAMDAM (LARGE) (LARGE) (MEDIUM) DAMDAM (MEDIUM) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE USED: AGRICULTURE USED: AGRICULTURE

DAMDAM STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

BARLEY BARLEY .625 tonne .625 tonne yield per yieldHA per HA

DAMDAM (SMALL) (SMALL) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE WATER WATER ALLOCATION ALLOCATION TANKS TANKS (GWM) (GWM) STATUS: STATUS: ACTIVE ACTIVE USED: USED: CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION / DOMESTIC / DOMESTIC

DAMDAM (MEDIUM) (MEDIUM) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

WOOMELANG RESERVOIR WOOMELANG RESERVOIR STATUS: INACTIVE STATUS: INACTIVE DAMDAM (MEDIUM) (MEDIUM) USED: USED: CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION / DOMESTIC / DOMESTIC STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE DAMDAM (LARGE) (LARGE) STATUS: STATUS: INACTIVE INACTIVE USED: USED: AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE

SWALE SWALE STATUS: STATUS: UNKNOWN UNKNOWN USED: USED: PERMACULTURE PERMACULTURE

Tales of Us

Blood & Veins

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Tyrrell Creek Greenlake

Greenlake Channel

114 Lascelles

Hopetoun 589

gwm pipeline

Woomelang 165

Berriwillock 352

Lake Coorong

Watchupga

Yarrambiack Creek

A Mapping which shows the context around Woomelang. The drawing includes 40% of the built Gwm Pipeline, the population status of each town, water bodies and the level of access to water. Behold as the infrastructure courses through the Mallee landscape like a concrete vein.

5km

GWM Pipeline

gwm pipeline

Water Bodies

Beulah 207

Communities Communities Decentralised from Water Bodies

Birchip 822

Main Roads Rail Road Nature Reserve

10km

Tales of Us

The g.w.m Pipeline

The GWM Pipeline was a strategy that was implemented in 2006

The GWM Pipeline did its primary job. It concealed the water and

with the aim to secure and heavily

prevented it from evaporating or

govern the water in order to survey

seeping.

the rationality of water and to

or misjudged was the deterioration

prevent open bodies of water from

of the landscape, the decline in the

evaporating or seeping.

agriculture industry and a negative

Open Channel Water Distribution Exhausted Farm Production

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

103,000ml (70 - 80%) of water was lost to evaporation and seepage per year.

What was either ignored

change to lifestyles that are a

The project transformed all open

result from the pipeline as well

bodies of water into a closed

as the towns dependency in which

piping system which collected

continues.

Moderately Rising Salinity

water and distributed it to the

Grampians. The water was then used in more urbanised areas. Most of Woomelangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s water come from an allocation from the Grampians now, with a small number of water allocated from the Murray River.

The following mapping in the C Horizon

next spread not only places the townships and tributaries which

Woomelang have had a dependency of through history, but has also mapped about %40 of the GWM pipeline.

Bed Rock

Pipeline Water Distribution Dying Vegetation

G.W.M Pipeline Network

Water Supply Systems Murray River

02 Woomelang Line

Contributing Water Bodies Neglected Water Bodies

Swan Hill Lake Tyrrel

era

Wimm

01 Yaapeet Line

lee Mal

05 Culgoa Line

Are

Accellerated Saline Polution

03 Birchip Line 04 Wycheproof Line

Taking water from Preexisting dams and reservoirs.

Installed to prevent evaporation and seepage

06 Natimuk Line

Woomelang

C Horizon

07 Lake Bellfied to Taylors Lakes

Lake Albacutya

Yaapeet

Birchip

Bed Rock

Ambitious Scenario Wycheproof

Exposed Water

Lake Buloke

Evaporates

Lake Hindmarsh

Natimuk

Wedderburn

Viable roots from Taylors Lakes (GWM Supplier)

Horsham 06

vegetation help structure the soil

Seeping water

and give/return

invades the depths

nutrients to the micro-

of the soil and

environment.

Lake Bellfield (Secondary Supplier)

The Grampians

pushes down the saline pollution.

Tales of Us

Adversaries

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy (2013-19) The Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy (201319) is a 50-year proposal which is mainly directed

Through my design research, the main argument

keeping the

against the strategy is the way in which it

alive by further implementing intense distribution

to the conservation of soils and assets in the

generalises the scale of the region as well as the

methods of water. Is this obsession with large-

Mallee while still enabling a progressive water

proposal’s neglectful ‘one-liner’ policy which

scaled outsourcing and centralising really worth

production in order to sustain the agriculture

falls into the concern of local scales such as

repeating?

industry and support affected communities.

Woomelang. In fact, in the introduction of the strategy, Mallee CMA Board Chair Sharyon Peart states “Our (Mallee) region is recognised

However the people of Woomelang are already

nationally and internationally for the uniqueness

they’re given, to this day they still have to

and diversity of its natural assets, the importance

boil their drinking water to decrease the risk

of its dryland and irrigated agricultural

of ingesting pollutants.

industries...”, but on the contrary, the way

which will highly discourages community by

that the strategies are implemented deny the

telling them to ‘tighten the vice’ on their water

environment and the demographic as ‘unique and

usage, and it will certainly not be a pathway to

diverse’.

This questions the meaning of which they imply in the strategy when they say “we have been working with the community”. What does that mean? and who has been left out? The policy is a plan to implement a better

sustainability.

delivery method and a more efficient use of

decentralised communities as a unique and self-

water in townships that are decentralised

sufficient source of water thats separate to the

from ‘assets’ (their term for water bodies

governed water allocations.

Front cover of the Policy.

tributaries).

This is directly associated with

Woomelang agriculture industry

efficient with the allocation of water that

Efficiency is a tool in

Through the design of water demonstrations, the research will sit as system which tries to close the gaps in the cycle, and will coexist with the

The isolation of the Woomelang,

design will assert the identity of

while engaging in a persistent investment of demonstrations and outcomes.

Asset Richness 1-3 4-5 6 - 14

A push to an efficient water production with little to no adjustments to a viable water allocation for agriculture

Ouyen Murrayville

Manangatang

Underbool

Sea Lake

Woomelang Hopetoun Rainbow Beulah

An edited map of the densities of ‘Assets’

Mallee Victoria

Birchip

Hardly any mention of the incentives the strategy will supply to decentralised communities such as Woomelang. Does the strategy purposefully ignore these specific communities because they exist only through the dependency of services being delivered? Page 53 & 54 of the policy which summarises its intentions.

Tales of Us

Adversaries

Soil Types in Woomelang

Agriculture Analysis (2010)

Calcarosols - The dominant soil type which consist of an even variation in clays and sand texture.

(Type and % of state total land use) Fruit & Nuts (inc. Grapes) Cereal crops Other broadacre crops Vegetables for human consumption Livestock Nurseries & Turfs Pasture crops (hay) Livestock products Legumes for grain Oilseed

Hydrocols - Seasonally or Permanently saturated soils. Rudosols & Tenosols - Pale aeolian soils. These sandy Pictured right is farmland north of Woomelang which experiences high levels of wind erosion. soils can disturb the farm ecology.

Sodosols - Found in poorly drained sites with low acidity.

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Value of Production ($m) 40.49% 29.47% 61.76% 8.20% 1.52% 4.06% 2.18% .59% 15.23% 5.08%

Vertosols - Clay-rich soils that have a high-chemical fertility and the capacity to hold water. Good for agriculture.

491.1 310.9 211.4 59.7 45.7 18.3 17.6 14.8 14.5 7.6 Total 1, 191.5

Calcarosols Hydrosols Rudosols Sodosols Tenosols Vertosols

Analysis of Soil types in the Mallee Area

Non Agriculture Dryland Agriculture Irrigated Agriculture

Analysis of Agriculture types in the Mallee Area

Tales of Us

Adversaries

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

A â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;More Self-Sufficientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Ambition

ur ra y

ve r

Current & Previous Water Origins

Lascelles

The following diagrams provide a conclusive understanding of

Communities Decentralised from Water Bodies

the alternative water allocation scenarios.

The diagrams on the opposite

Current Water Origins

page show the previous methods of distributing water while

Woomelang

Scale of water sources relied upon.

diagramming how illogical the

Catchment Strategy policy will be.

Previous Water Origins

The proposed future scenario

Lake

implies that there will always be a dependency on an out source

Agriculture Township

ong ek re kC c bia

Coor

m ra

Yar

of water, however through the design research we can understand that these needs can be mitigated

through responsibility.

k lo

Birchip

Ambitious Scenario.

Lascelles

ra y

Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy Scenario.

Lascelles

Woomelang could Woomelang

potentially outsource

Woomelang

water to farms outside the townships.

Implementing a s

Birchip

Mitigated

Dependen

As the manual progresses Woomelang into a Water-Responsible Future, other decentralised towns can reapply the demonstrations in their own landscape.

more efficient use of water, means less

an pi

m ra

Birchip

allocation.

Tales of Us

Blue Gold

pg 43 pg 43

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Rainfall Analysis (millimeters) 2013

s u mm e r

result from the increasing sun exposure.

Also drawing comparisons to The Grampians and Melbourne.

winter

Woomelang Birchip

a n n ua l

Opposite Top: A rainfall analysis which compares the Mallee to Melbourne and the Grampians.

s u mm e r winter

a n n ua l

The Grampians

Grampians Water Status

s u mm e r winter

outlet

gwm supply

Horsham 14,285

Melbourne

a n n ua l s u mm e r

Taylors Lakes Area: 80.6 km2 Current Volume: 15,390 ml Capacity: 27, 060ml Discharge: 400ml per day

winter

potter creek

Evaporation Quantity

Variation

Birchip a n n ua l j a n ua r y june

The Grampians a n n ua l j a n ua r y june

Melbourne

Rocklands Reservoir Area: 1,355 km2 Current Volume: 118,720 ml Capacity: 348,300 ml Discharge: 600 ml per day G rampians N ational P ark

a n n ua l j a n ua r y june

Large WaterBodies Parks Tributaries

*analysis is based on 10 years of records

2,400

B lack R ange S tate P ark

Lake Wartook Area: 75 km2 Current Volume: 25,320 ml Capacity: 29,300 ml Discharge: 500 ml per day

Lake Bellfield Area: 96 km2 Current Volume: 73,100 ml Capacity: 78,560 ml Discharge: 500 ml per day

2,000

june

1,500

Woomelang a n n ua l j a n ua r y

1,000

500

Stawell 6,035

Water Evaporation Analysis (millimeters)

gwm supply system

Lake Lonsdale Area: 1015 km2 Current Volume: 15,340 ml Capacity: 65,480 ml Discharge: 600 ml per day

800

how much water evaporates as a

700

a n n ua l

600

500

400

300

200

Opposite Bottom: An analysis of

100

Below: a brief introduction of the main water bodies in the Grampians. How they connect to the pipeline system, and how much water is discharged every day.

2009

Tales of Us

Blue Gold

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Grey Water Accesses Below: A figure which explains how

Opposite: The types of grey water

many people per household while

discharged from each house per day,

generating a percentage of grey

formatted into a diagram which

water thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s discharged from the

explains why pollutants found in

average

Woomelang home.

the water affect the way in which it is reused.

Bottom: Data which quantifies water as a collection between a number of houses, and how much

Limited Use

water participating houses are

Variety of Uses

Suggested Uses

connected to

Se Fp

Bathroom 30.3l

Toilet 60.5l

Sc Fp

Taps 11.3l

75 active

large quantities farms feeding trees

fertilizers apricot trees

households

24% 48%

2.2 people per household

~ 122l / day ~ 44,408l / year

Se Sc

aquifers

Handwashed Dishes 11.3l

farms

Laundry 7.5l

fruit trees

local trees

Dishwasher 7.5l

Fp Fp

Se Rv

Sc Melbourne 4, 077, 000 people.

farms local collective

reduced toxins local plants

planter boxes farms aquifers

146 - 149l per day

Woomelang 165 people.

116 - 124l per day

Collective Action 5 homes (Neighbourhood)

11 people

~ 610l / day ~ 222,040l / year

12 homes (Street)

26.4 people

~ 1464l / day ~ 532,896l / year

Tales of Us

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

iterations

The Mutual Core is a device that

mutual core. It was hard to keep

explores how the distribution

balance and water kept spilling

of water between the different

everywhere.

nodes and the mutual core have

model showed how favouritism

an effect on how the model moves.

and governance can have negative

The common relationship that the

reinforcements in both the origin

nodes have is that they are directly

of the water and the nodes in which

connected to the mutual core,

water is delivered to.

meaning that if water was taken from the mutual core and put into a node, the core would ascend and the node would descend and visa versa.

In follies 1 to 4 there are 3 nodes sharing from one mutual core.

So the mutual core has to be rationalised in order for there to be a balance in the whole model.

The mutual core can ascends, descends, moves back and forth, sideto-side, and if rationalised wrong or filled too much, the mutual core can tip and spill. The models then show how favouritism between nodes can jeopardise the entire supply.

I had the expectation that the model would function like a cradle, or to a lesser extent a scale.

But without my knowledge the distribution had very exaggerated effects on the nodes and the

# Connection Method

Exterior Connection

The conceptual

Equal Nodes Interior Connection Connection

Anchor Points

Diagram 01

Diagram 02

Diagram 03

Diagram 04

Tales of Us

Precedent Dictionary

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

‘Greening the Desert II: Greening the Middle East’ Craig Mackintosh & the P.R.I of Australia The Dead Sea Valley, Jordan

‘Big Wilytja Project Sinatra Murphy Walungarru Community, Northern Territory.

‘Lanark’ John Fenton In a Property near Hamilton, Victoria

‘Banking on the Border’ Lateral Office Along the border of the United States and Mexico.

‘How to green the desert and reverse climate change’ Allan Savory The Savory Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

‘Neighbourhood Revitalisation’ CoDesign Studio Rotterdam, Netherlands

This project is exemplary of how a permaculturebased strategy that is focused around the investment and accumulation of water can be used to reinvigorate the soil from saline pollution. The site is an arid area of land in Jordan, 2 Kilometers from the Dead Sea and 400 Meters below sealevel.

This project was addressing the issues which surfaced after a minority of indigenous Australians that had been removed from the homeland and relocated in an environment that is unfamiliar and governed by policy.

Situated close to Hamilton lived John Fenton, who after inheriting property which was weak and unmanageable to grow a decent crop, dedicated his life planting and growing tall oak trees which acted as walls to the property. The wall of trees buffered the intensity of the hot winds that damaged crops, prevented too much top soil and sand from entering and leaving the property, and gave good shade to the livestock Fenton was raising. Eventually the condition of the land was rejuvenated back to a manageable condition when the oak trees grew into adulthood.

The border of Arizona and Mexico pay a big contribution for the agriculture industry, with a vast landscape with good growing soil. The main source of water in which sustain the function of these farms are tributaries from the snow-melt in the mountains, and a distribution pipeline which outsources water from the Colorado River. These water sources are becoming depleted.

This is a talk that brings a lot of the global issues onto the table, highlighting the pros, cons and misunderstandings of livestock grazing in the role of soil and botanical regeneration. Its a debate that is comforting to my current project because it reinforces the argument that taking away livestock from the land will only harm the economy of agriculture, and will achieve little to no environmental benefit.

CoDesign Studio is a Melbourne-based firm which do a range of small, medium and sometimes large scaled projects local and international.

The system uses a series of Swales dug into the earth that would harvest the water from the rainfall. During the winter the Swale would fill with water and start to soak into the soil, already causing the saline to descend. From there, mulch was placed between either sides of the trenches (about 2 meters wide and 0.5 meters deep) and underneath the mulch was a network of micro-irrigation installed. After the irrigation came the planting design which is specific to the middle-eastern site. On one side of the trench laid very drought intolerant trees which would help buffer the damaged caused by hard summer winds. On the otherside of the trench was a planting scheme of fruit trees, layed out like an orchard. Within 4 months of planting, some of the fig trees were beginning to grow figs, even though the tree was about a meter tall. “... In the middle of winter the designers got an e-mail from the locals who were panicking about mushrooms that were growing in the soil (they called it fungus) because they don’t have much humidity in the soil...” the funghi net underneath the mulch is putting off a waxy substance which is repelling the salt away from the area and the decomposition is locking the soil up, which makes the soil inured and insoluable...”(3) In relationship to the research in Woomelang the project starts to serve a design scheme that becomes either a long-term or a short-term goal of rejuvenating the soil of saline. Soil pollution is becoming more and more of a progressive issue in Woomelang, which is not only killing the native species but also the fruit trees in which the townspeople use.

The strategy had negative affects on the health and mortality of the community as well as a change to their lifestyle that was once supported by the environment they once knew so well. The project recognises the importance in commuity health during their cultural renaissance, and designed a project which works closely with the community and the complexities of health in decentralised areas in order to establishing ten settlement planning and development principles for better health. The key extraction from this project is the understanding of how a designer can infiltrate a community and formulate a ‘bottom-up process’ in which will sustain the benefits of the project outcome, rather than leaving the community and letting the project whither. This is something that Sinatra & Murphy have successfully done not only through the design itself, but an approach and accessibility to the community to prevent negligence. In the lens of my project I have the advantage of being a member of the community, rather than someone who has to infiltrate the community in order to design Yet on the contrary, if I am considering demonstrating the design in Birchip, I will have to think about how to approach the social components of the project.

“The Invaders hated trees” (W.K Handcock in 1930). Woomelangian settlement had a similar scenario during the 1890’s when men (such as my great-great-grandfather) found the land and seek to grow food from it. For years the men dedicated a lot of time in cutting down the bush lands and clearing all of the vegetation in order to grow. As a part of this project it will be good to explore the repercussions that deforesting has had on the land itself, and tests the theory of ‘the lesser there are trees, the more growth of pasture’ which is a critique from Lanark. With Woomelang there is not only a problem the high summer temperatures which cause a strain in the crops and livestock, but there’s Also the damaged caused by the winds that shift the top soil of the farmlands and accumulate either along the fencelines, in built dams and any other unwanted areas. How will the plantation of tall native trees either stop the harsh winds from sweeping the soil or create a buffer for unwanted top soil to migrate on harvesting soil?

Although this project is at a state-wide scale, both Lateral Office and my project are facing very similar issues, the need to locate, harvest and secure water. Both projects provide an inventory of tools in which speculate the implementation of retrofitting the landscape to achieve a viable quantity of water. However because of the scale and the overwhelming demand of water in farms in Arizona, the project suggests strategies in engineering catchment methods (for example, a moisture condenser). It also complies a method in which the revenue of water security can produce a type of public space around the implementation. ‘Beyond simply storing new water sources, Banking on the Border posits that making water legible and public is the first step towards both individual and collective action, conservation, while producing new landscapes, new public realms, and new sites of economic exchange.’ - Lateral Office <http://lateraloffice.com/ BANKING-ON-THE-BORDER-2012> Going back to the water-responsible studies in my project, the project begins to consider how water harvesting can be romanticized into a public space in which the acknowledgment of the water revenue can being something new for the town. This is to go beyond the privileges in which water can benefit and rejuvenate the town, and questions how water-responsibility can become a public space.

Citing the precedent, however, does not mean that Woomelang’s desertification has been happening through poor livestock management. Instead this project is supporting an understanding about approaching design onto site, and that the relationship between the community and the interention are key. The ‘Bottom-up’ approach is, in fact, a failed concept in this project However to suggest larger quantities of livestock at a higher density in smaller nodes of land is just asking for too much. Especially when there is a debate in why it is necessary for livestock to prevent the soil from forming a biological crust. The U.G. Geological Survey writes: “Crusts generally cover all soil spaces not occupied by green plants. In many areas, they comprise over 70% of the living ground cover and are key in reducing erosion, increasing water retention, and increasing soil fertility. In most dry regions, these crusts are dominated by cyanobacteria (previously called blue-green algae), which are one of the oldest known life forms. Communities of soil crusts also include lichens, mosses, microfungi, bacteria, and green algae.”(7) Part of the solutions discussed were described to be strategies in how to manage grazing livestock along with the variables of wild herds that roam to ‘mimics nature’ and why this is important. Strategies which aim to minimise the release of carbon from the soil, allowing new vegetation to regrow from dead vegetation. This process was named Holistic Management. The projects success however became debatable when he tested the research in a site in Zimbabwe, where Hollistic Management became the next method of farming, and how to generate an understanding of the incentives with this project. The project had worked, temporarily, but as soon as the intervention team had left the area, it didn’t take long for the testing site to begin to desertify again. Part of this was the assumption that the community struggled to know how to continue adopting the management method (which says a lot about how they approached the strategy).

This project is of a small-scale in a neighbourhood in Rotterdam. The site is a vacant piece of land that exists in the middle of a series of apartment blocks, where varied generations live and use. The project was aimed to design for the community by the community. This is what was admirable about the process of the project because it itself brought the community together by making the design process more interactive. When you bring the community into design it becomes about what they want and what they will actually use rather than building something based on assumption and become redundant quickly. To the much younger people the design was about making the process and debate into a game, whereas with the adults it was about incorporating efficient methods of discussing and calculating what is needed and how it is built. The design process lasted as a two week intensive and the built project included a series of play equipment, music performance spaces, Shade for parents and the elderly, a cultural festival and monthly ‘soup in the park’ social events.

‘Army of Me’ is the decision to collect and redraw water catchment methods as a way of understanding and providing tools which become coherent to the

Woomelang community. The

production of the tolls is named

‘The Water-Responsible Manual’. The process of constructing the manual is generated into two formulas, and broken down into four stages.

The first formula generates a standard assessment of the available site, providing a criteria in which acknowledges the variables and advantages of harvesting water.

The second formula is a summary of the stages which is applied to a demonstration in order to achieve a particular privilege. It questions the user of the manual of the feasibility and necessity in designing and applying a water catchment demonstration as well as providing an example which acts as a walkthrough in the design process.

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Army of Me

Occupied Woomelang

pg 53 pg 53

For example, the food production industry can be maintained by all age groups.

For the younger members of the community, food production is about the access to an understanding of how soil conservation, water-responsibility, and the process of farming can privilege a local source of food.

For the elderly members of the community, maintaining the food

ar s

yea rs

0-4

5.2

Revegetation Planting

Native Vegetation Education

60 - 6

Polluted Soil Treatment

Soil Conservation Education

year

9.4

s ar

14.1

Dryland Farming Preparation Dryland Farm Education

50.8% x 84

Floating Mat Maintenance Water Quality Surveyor

49.2% 81 x

9.9% 1 5 - 19 2.1% 20 - 2 4

Retrofitting the Water Catchments

5.7

Water-Responsible Operations

.3%

ar s ye

4 -5 50 25 - 29 30 - 34

Age Group Chart (%)

years years

s ar

0% 0%

Age Group Graph Summary

60 + years old

engaging to all age groups.

year

60 25 - 59 years old

These customisation are the steps in which make water-responsibility

45 - 4

48 0 - 24 years old

-4

200

150

100

important for the design to be as

-3

ar s

5.7%

accesses to shade to reduce strain.

rs ea

5.7

implementing planter boxes and

inclusive and as versatile as possible.

5.2%

production industry is about

Woomelang is an aging population, with over 38% of the townspeople being over 55 years old. So itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

2.6 %

12 %

age group or demographic.

3.6%

customised according to a certain

years

This rethinks how the design can be

85 +

Food Production Maintenance

-6

1.6% 2.1%

maintaining water-responsibility.

rs yea

Food Production Farming

are capable of establishing and

Food Security Education

7.8

figure out how many citizens

Vegetable Garden Beds

rs yea

Woomelang. This is to

s ar

reside in

the different age groups which

The following diagrams understand

80 -

75 -

Demographic of Woomelang

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

years

yea rs

Army of Me

The mappings and diagram on the opposite page is a surface area analysis of

Woomelang, and shows

a range of areas that are permeable surface, impermeable surfaces, and

Occupied Woomelang

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Impermeable Buildings Area: 13,424.79 m2

areas that are already occupied

Asphalt

by recreation, industry and dense

Area: 36,694 m2

vegetation.

pg 55 pg 55

Total : 50,118.79 m2 / 12.32%

This is to expose the site opportunities through the

TOTAL POPULATION: 165 & DECLINING

advantages and disadvantages of surface materials which are a variable in the water harvesting production.

TOTAL SURFACE AREA: 406,812mÂ˛

Permeable Township Surface Analysis (Mapping)

Dirt Road

RECREATION

Area: 15,499.5 m2

1 home

Property

DENSE VEGETATION

Other

2.06% 0% 13.6

Area: 62,730.4 m2 2.2 persons

Area: 118,585.69 m

Total : 196,815.59 m2 / 48.38%

DIRT ROAD Water Use: 416 Litres per day 151,984 Litres per year

FARMLAND

3.81

% 23.63 % 5 .1 29

9.02%

Occupied ASPHALT

Dense Vegetation Area: 55,326.42 m2 5 houses

Recreation

OTHER

3.30 BUILDINGS

.42

Area: 8,300 m2 Farmland

11 persons

Area: 96,129.67 m

PROPERTY

Total : 159,756.09 m / 39.27% 2

Township Surface Analysis (Area m2)

Water Use: 2,079 Litres per day 759,913 Litres per year

Township Surface Analysis (Area %)

Army of Me

Occupied Woomelang

pg 57 pg 57

The following diagrams continue to break down the surface analysis by specifying the types of roofs in the township.

250

This is to acknowledge that water

200

OCCUPIED ABANDONED 70.0

150

8.42%

100

107 RESIDENTIAL HOMES

Roo

Typ

(Ma

ppe

250

.36

rather than a shed.

FOR SALE

.49

200

12. 4

an industrial or residential roof,

is more viable when harvested from

150

100

53.15% 50 Roof Surface Area (%)

ROOF TYPES

Roof Types (Quantity)

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Site Opportunities

CH AN IV E

CH AN

IN AC T

IV E IN AC T

PA D

D PA D

IV E

O CK

S D AM

S D AM IN AC T

IV E IN AC T

CT RU AS T

FR IN

ED O N D

AB AN

the layered mapping in the earlier

RE U CT RU

AS T

FR IN ED O N AB AN

The mapping is an updated version of

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

EL S N

K AC TR NS Y RU LWA AT RAI TH E H ON O T TI TA L T K GE LE AC VE RAL TR NS Y PA RU LWA AT RAI TH HE ON O T TI TA L T GE LE VE RAL PA

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE SCALE SCALE

EL S

Army of Me

chapter which recognized parts of

Woomelang that are and are

not a site opportunity for water

This site opportunities

are generalisation by the existing characteristics and/or the reason which makes it an an usused and

BUSHLAND AROUND BUSHLAND AROUND DECENTRALISED PROPERTY DECENTRALISED PROPERTY

W AT N ER AT U G R RE E Y S W TR ATSE IP N T ERPT S AT RA IC U FF RE W IC AT ST RE ISL ER R D AN SEP IP T U RA N DS TI S RO D C FF O AN W F IC AT T RU I SP ER N RE SL A -O D AN CE U F F S N DS RO D O AN F T RU SP N AC -O ES FF

harvesting.

TOWNSHIP SCALE TOWNSHIP SCALE

can or cannot be classified as an opportunity.

1:4000

PATCHES PATCHES OF BUSH LANDOF INBUSH LAND IN FARMING PADDOCKS FARMING PADDOCKS

ES SW AL E IV IN AC T

NS RU CK AT RA TH Y T ON WA TI IL TA RA GE HE VE O T NS T RU CK EL AT RA LL RA TH Y T PA ON WA TI IL TA RA GE HE VE O T T L

an example of how a site analysis

E LL RA PA

equation sampled in the formula. The formula is a means to provide

BUSHLAND BETWEEN PADDOCK DIVIDERS

RE CT

ST RU FR A

IN IL W AY

that it is subjected to the same

PATCHES PATCHES OF BUSH LANDOF BUSH LAND IN FARMING PADDOCKS IN FARMING PADDOCKS

RE U CT RU T AS FR IN

IL W AY

RO AD S

-35.41’03.01” S

category, that doesn’t mean

a specific site may relate to a

Allocasuarina luehmannii Allocasuarina luehmannii

sit

understood that even though

RO SAD RO PACS AD ES S BE AN T D WE SP FA E RO AC RM N AD ES LA S BE N AN T D D WE FA E RM N LA N D

U O H N

VEGETATION VEGETATION THAT RUNS THAT RUNS TO THE COUNTRY PARALLEL TO PARALLEL THE COUNTRY ROAD ROAD

D SE EF D IN B I W Y P NG A EO TH Ve T ge E U DtEatio R C PL E S SE Fn S A E P D V INtrip TC IN AC Be I s & H O E W gYetaPti NGPa M RD S O AT oEn Ttch E Ve es N E F SOp ge E ePc HE T R T LA ta R es P N tio C iL n A E SP O O D D St T H T N rip C IN ACig E E Ve s& H O Eh Bu NT FIN OT ge sh I ta Pa M Lo R S O tio tch E w BDE FDe AL E n n es N us R Sp T h D T LAsity S eci es PO en O N s D H T ity D N ig E h B N EF O IN T us T Lo h w E D IA en L Bu sit S sh y

the site categories. It is to be

providing a criteria for each of

AB S -35.41’03.01” AN D

AB AN

D O

redundant over time (for example,

The formula is constructed by

S SE U O

function as a landscape has become

Woomelang Golf Course).

E 142;39’49.06” E 142;39’49.06”

exist because their primary

the

Eucalyptus largifloren

Allocasuarina luehmannii Allocasuarina luehmannii

SW AL

due to its location or topography

(such as land that cannot be farmed on). Meanwhile other opportunities

Eucalyptus porosa

it’s unable to facilitate an industry

Eucalyptus porosa

Eucalyptus porosa Allocasuarina luehmannii Allocasuarina luehmannii

Eucalyptus largifloren

S PA PAC D E D B O ET CK W BO EE SP U N PA AC N D D E RI D B O ET ES CK W BO EE U N N D RI ES

classified as an opportunity because

BUSHLAND BETWEEN PADDOCK DIVIDERS

In some instances, an area will be

IN AC T IV

uninhabited area.

Army of Me

Formula A

Legend Accesses to Water

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Variables

Permeable surfaces - Material in which liquid can penetrate and seep through (eg. Soil, sand)

Roofs - Impermeable surfaces which aim to control the flow of rainfall.

Impermeable surfaces - Material in which liquid can not penetrate but rather sits or runs on a slope (eg. Asphalt, tin)

Tree Densities - A number of trees standing close to each other. This can begin to think about the potentials of frost harvest, water filtration or shade that conserves the water from evaporating.

Fog / Mist - Area’s which are exposed to higher conditions of fog, usually in very open areas with travelling winds.

Permeable surfaces - Penetrable material that could prevent water from being captured Large Sun Exposure - Hot environmental conditions that could evaporate the water

Traffic - Considering if and where traffic is present in order to design around. Vegetation - Considering where and how dense the vegetation and root systems are in order to design in and / or around.

Partial Sun Exposure - Very warm environmental conditions that could evaporate the water.

Privileges Crops To assist in the growth of local crops and the progression of the agriculture industry. Particularly during drought years.

Outsourcing Demonstrations which aren’t appropriate to site due to location, scale or quantity. So the water can be distributed elsewhere.

Community Assembling How can harvesting and utilizing the demonstration function as something which promotes togetherness in the community.

Soil Conservation To treat soil which is being polluted by saline or other toxins in order to regenerate the soil for further use

Centralising Larger catchment areas which are good for connecting outsourcing demonstrations in order to generate an effective outcome.

Revegetation Planting trees in certain areas in order to regenerate micro-ecologies and to promote conservation.

Food Production Consider how the demonstration can help the production of essential foods in the township.

Education How can the process and maintenance educate townspeople about the importance of the water demonstration in order to generate an appreciation for progressions

Example To start the design intervention you need to identify what type of site it is in order to approach the opportunities, the constraints, the purpose and the probabilities of catching water in the area.

This is to define the constraints by generalising what obstacles and/or environmental conditions need to be considered before design. Designing in or around with these constraints will help formulate a more successful water catchment.

Accesses to Water

Variables

These are the range of scales that the site or water harvest potential come in, and suggests how much water the catchment could potentially harvest

Functioning Scales

S RO PAC AD ES S BE AN T D WE FA E RM N LA

Site Type

This key is defining the possible accesses to water, and can start to question what tools and construction methods from the Kit of Parts can be used to maximise water harvest potential.

Small Scale

Medıum Scale

Large Scale

The range of outcomes recommend what, how and why the harvested water should be used. The criteria is assessed according to where the site is, how much water could be potentially harvested, the security of the water, or if it’s possible to outsource the water into a centralised reservation. The connected relationship between the functioning scales and the outcomes suggest a hierarchy that if water is successfully harvested, ‘this’ is what it needs to be used for most.

Privileges

Crops - space is located adjacent to crops that could potentially be fed. Soil Conservation - Consider using the water to push down the salıne beneath the farmed soil nearby. Revegetation - For plants and trees inside and outside the area. Preferably to be used to revegetate spaces along paddock boundaries and along the road.

Army of Me

Kit of Parts

Water Production Systems

Developing ‘kit of parts’ provides a set of tools which rethink

This can be a way in which the users of the manual can break down the

alternative ways of how water

techniques in order to re-engineer the

catchment interventions can

catchment according to their specific

actively respond to the current

landscape scenario.

and changing landscape.

This

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

(Pg32)

Irrigation Systems which are essential in distributing water through piping. Similar to the GWM Pipeline, it transports water without the risk of evaporation. It is a

Well systems that have evolved through time. This is to open up the possibilities of harvesting water from the ground table.

main provider in connecting open and closed water bodies to another to justify a productive water demonstration.

suggests how responding to a short-term landscape scenario or to one particular demographic can lead to a poorly invested water catchment.It is a key argument for the manual to accept that a water catchment can become redundant over time, unless customised or given an alternative use.

This

is to encourage an adaptive demonstration which react to the seasonal and climatic changes.

The following drawings are techniques in how to harvest, clean, secure and use water, which

‘The Water-Responsibility Manual’ Page References: pg32

W ater Production Systems

pg39

Biofiltration Systems

pg46

Plant M aterial

pg50

N atural Cycles

can form on cool surfaces and trees.

pg56

Community C ycles

evaporates the dew.

pg58

D omestic Cycles

Dew harvesting systems which catch water from which The water needs to

Fog Harvest systems are a suspended blanket of material which filter the water from passing clouds of fog.

be harvested very early in the day before the sun exposure

are represented as thumbnails extracted from the original-scaled drawing included in the manual.

The techniques diagram the materiality, measurements, composition and their functions in a potential demonstration.

Also

included are a set of cycles in which provide users an understanding of how the demonstration or privilege can function over time.

An introduction to materials and construction methods into securing the harvested water if the supply is not frequently used.

How the system is stitched together and its incentives to This is to understand that the material is panelled rather than being one, large cover. the water storage.

Army of Me

Kit of Parts

Plant Material

Deep bodies which store water in a place that’s less exposed to the sun, thus maximising the prevention of evaporation.

Biofiltration Systems

A shallow body of water which is positioned as a contrast to the deep cooling body. This is because the surface of the water is more exposed to the sun, causing more evaporation

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

(Pg25)

Allocasuarinas (Bulokes) Have withstood the dramatic changes to the soil and climate condition all this time. It’s a very reliable tree to the area.

The White Mallee Pine which is becoming endangered to the Woomelang area. Consider revegetation interventions which conserve this species.

The most common seen tree and frequently mentioned by

Typha Australis, which is a very reliable forb usually grown along wetlands. Very capable of filtering water and the root system structures the soil well.

(Pg39)

The main construction method of a gabion system. A water filtering method used by caged rocks which filters passing water

A generic construction method of the Bioswale using ‘cut and fill’. The filtration is defined by aggregate materials which make Sand Bed Filtration.

the pioneers as they settled in the area.

Community Cycles

Analysing the way a construction site uses hay and weight materials in order to filter the water from metals and pollutants before making its way into the storm drain.

Dense long grasses which have the incentive of This is helpful after the construction of the bioswale.

(Pg25)

restructuring the soil via their root system.

Understanding the privileges that can benefit from a community engagement with local food production.

A more detailed understanding of what could be harvested and with what water can this opportunity be born from.

Army of Me Natural Cycles

Kit of Parts (Pg25)

Domestic Cycles

(Pg25)

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Breaking down what water catchments can privilege and why.

Grey Water

Cleanliness

Domestic

Xeriscape

Septic Water

Purpose

Swimming Pool Footy Oval School

Recreation

Botanical Conservation Nitrogen Fixation Cycle is a way to understand how treated nitrogen into soil can help regenerate the microecologies in the soil.

When filtered from specific contaminates, grey water can serve as a highly useful reuse of allocated water.

Soil Structure

Revegetation

Soil Conservation

Saline Control

This is an incentive which exists in

plants.

Saline Control

Agriculture

Dryland Food Security

Local Food Production # Design Privileges

Large

Understanding how the groundwater systems works and the importance of keeping it away from damaging the surface soils in which plants grow on.

Because of the amount of contaminates and bacteria in Septic water, it limits its use on what the water can be used in a demonstration, however it isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a void source.

Layering

Medium

Township

Micro

Domestic

Construction Method

How revegetation can restructure the soil and be an

Users to understandthe potential of run-off from impermeable materials.

Scale

Long Term

Short Term

Permanent

Temporary Evolution

Social Scale

Design Transition / Adaption

Time

Quality

incentive with preventing saline pollution

Agricultural

Army of Me

Demonstrations

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Se E xisting V egetation Gabion M at

Long G rasses

Crops

Privileges & Alternative Scenarios:

The demonstrations are an assortment of catchment methods that are drawn into a specific landscape scenario.

They

provide an ambition into how a certain privilege can be achieved through understanding the sites constraints and opportunities, and how the application of the waterresponsible kit of parts can be applied.

In hinesight, the demonstrations are subjected to change at each site, but provide reasoning and explanation as to why this design is best suited to the landscape variable.

The criteria of the demonstration

W ater Security

F ood Production

Soil Conservation

Agriculture

R evegetation

O utsourcing (D istributing)

Bioswale and Collection Pipe W ater Lense

R eserves

M edium S caled F og Catchment Crops

* Ag Sc Rv

R evegetation / F ruit Trees

Swale Fill

F loating C over System

V egetation G abion M at

R evegetation Swale F ill

Catchment

Crops

Ag Rv

I rrigation Irrigation

Spaces Between Roads

and

Bioswale and Collection Pipe

Farmland

I nactive Dam

Alternate O ptions I nactive Dam

I nactive Dam

is assessed by the privilege in which the water demonstration is trying to facilitate, therefore creating a coherent formula.

* Sc Fp Ag Rv

I nactive Dam (Reservoir )

Army of Me

Demonstrations

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Ou *

Brook Street

Taller E xisting F ruit Trees

V egetation

Public Utility S hed Fruit Bushes

Tuber V egetables

Grey / Septic Water I rrigation

N ature Strip

Abandoned Houses

Traffic Island

* Se

Railway Infrastructure (T ownship )

Redundant Spaces

Abandoned Houses

M icro-irrigation Bioswale and C ollection Pipe

Redundant Spaces

Sc Rv

Roads

pump

Army of Me

Demonstrations

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Agriculture Scale

Paddock Structure

G abion M at M icro-Cover System Swale Fill Crops

Bioswale and Collection Pipe

* Ou

Spaces Between Paddocks

M edium -Scaled F og C atchment

Railway Infrastructure (N orth)

Railway Infrastructure (South)

C rops

I rrigation

Spaces Between Paddocks

Space Between Roads

and

Farmland

Space Between Roads

and

Farmland

Rv *

Rv Fp

Spaces Between Paddocks

Abandoned Property

Vacant Lot

Tales of Us

Fog Harvest

Morning Fog (July 8th)

Dowsing

Divining rods are two l-shaped iron rods

the farmlands in the winter mornings

that are traditionally used to locate water

Woomelang that ominous charm. My

and other materials beneath the ground.

To this day the method is suspicious and unexplained.

previous understand of fog harvesting was that they were only used in mountainous regions.

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Divining Rods & The History of the Wells

The fog which loomes and rolls along give

During my last visit I decided to My nana and I met with relatives that own a farm in nearby Watchupga to test the quality of the groundwater in the wells. For decades, the groundwater has been too brackish to use, and still is.

borrow some materials and test the fog harvesting system on site.

The material was suspended by two trees in a low-lying area north of town, situated between two open grazing paddocks and a hay shed.

The aim was to choose a site which

While there, Glenys wanted to see if nana and I could divine water, as they already

had the least amount of obstacles which blocked fog from flowing while suspending the system against the direction of the wind.

knew where the water pipes were located

Fog Harvest systems are a suspended blanket of material which harvest water from fog as it travels by windflow.

beneath the ground.

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t ask me how, but it

worked.

Fog Harvest Construction (July 9th)

Divining Water (July 9th)

Water Collection, 180ml from 1.5m2 overnight (July 10th)

Extracting Water from the Wells (July 9th)

Although the system of how the well operates as it changes over time, the wells in this region re-use materials such as pipe and rope to teather and extract water.

Army of Me

Formula B

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

- What area is the site? Is anybody using the land? - Do you want to utilize water in, or at a close proximity to the site?

- What permeable and impermeable surfaces are on the site? - How dense is the vegetation on the site, is there a

- Does anybody live near the site? - Is this an individual or collective demonstration? - How much water do you have access to via grey water discharge and impermeable surface run-off? - Does the site slope in a way that you can take advantage of the contour? - How much water do you aim to harvest?

- What tools and materials will you need to accomplish the construction? - What systems do you need to improve the production of the catchment? - How much investment (into time, money and resources) will you need to accomplish this? - How will this benefit the site and/or the community?

t a g e

Site Opportunity

t a g e

Site Analysis

Water Access

way in which you can build with or around the vegetation? - How much sun exposure does the site have? - Is the site occasionally used by vehicles?

t a g e

Kit of Parts

Food Production (Example)

Stage One

Stage Three

Allen Barbary Memorial Oval

roof surfaces

~ 610l / day ~ 222,040l / year

11 people

5 properties 445m2

Township Demonstrations 13,000m2 Large Available Area

Brooke Street

Existing Site

1:2000

Stage Two

Stage Four

Permeable Surfaces

Although the redundant oval is surrounded by two main asphalt roads, the soil itself has good drainage, and will take a well-planned irrigation system in order to utilize the available road.

Partially Dense Vegetation

Not all vegetation was cleared away during the construction of the oval, the problem is that the east side is filled with native eucalypts which tend to be greedy with water.

Partial Sun Exposure

Localising Food Privilege

Food Production Cycle

Grey Water Systems

Urban Biofiltration

Food Production via Open Dam

Roadside Swale

Irrigation System

Garden Beds

Closed Food Production

Food Production via Bioswale

Trees that run along the north end, parallel to Brook Street, Other than that, the site is reasonably exposed. provide a bit of shade for some parts of the day.

Recommended Tools, Cycles and Demonstrations

This chapter is suggesting that a water-responsibility isn’t just simply having new sources of water, but water as a resource that’s open to great potentials for Woomelang. ‘The Rain Dance’ argues why a ‘water-responsible future’ is more progressive than a future which continues to deteriorate the landscape.

The Mallee can be a very dry and arid environment, and with the 80% of water from open bodies evaporating, is it any wonder why the pipeline was a quick means to protect water at the time.

This

chapter aims to communicate design examples which mitigate the dependency of an outsourced supply of water as a way of progressing to a more active and free community.

The following water catchment demonstrations use the tools and formulas in the previous chapter to further resolve how an ambition can be achieved through waterresponsibility.

Furthermore it places the waterresponsibility system in a time sequence as a means customising the design intervention according to the transition of the landscape scenario.

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Rain Dance

For You R evegetation

Single Home

Outsourcing

and soil

H ierarchy : If

conservation can help regenerate

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

the soil is saline - polluted

it needs to be treated before vegetated .

ecologies and be a long - term incentive to farm land .

Township

Centralising

Townspeople

Security

Farmer

Gardening

Farmers

Fruit & Vegetables Soil Conservation

Consider the research project at regional scales . H ow can the decentralised M allee townships be connected through water responsibility ?

Revegetation A Private R eserve

Farmers

strategy for

W oomelang

to outsource and

centralise a secure catchment of water in case of emergencies ( fire , drought , overflow ).

W ater Catchment D emonstration O utsource ( sold) to other farmers .

Farms

Townspeople

O utsource

proximity of town .

to the

township scale .

Personal Gardening (Xeriscape) Localising

fresh food becomes a

lifestyle benefit to the community .

A diagram which uses a series of potential outcomes to frame the variety of water catchments.

within

The Rain Dance

The Master Demonstration

pg 83 pg 83

The following drawing positions each of the sites that use water-

Revegetation

Town Reservoir As it has remained inactive when the pipeline was complete, retrofitting the landscape and

responsibility as an ambition in which to further test water

water distribution can reactivate it into a secure

catchment demonstrations.

The outcomes have been narrowed down to five key privileges. Each

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

reserve of water thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s more self-sufficient.

Allen Barbary Memorial Oval

Soil Conservation

This oval has been made redundant for quite some time now, however, it is of a close proximity to the primary school and the main street.

site has a unique criteria in which give the demonstrations an outcome that responds to the landscape scenario while assessing the value and effort invested to which to build these demonstrations.

Railway Swale (North & South) This is utilizing the large landforms created to facilitate passing trains. The southern

demonstration is operating with the depreciating landscape whereas the north is an inversion.

Hopetoun / Sea Lake Road Large pieces of unused land such as this exist as a result of long, 100km roads in which are needed maintain speed. Large farming machinery canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t operate in these areas as well.

Food Production

Water Security

Abandoned Property - Lascelles Road This property has been abandoned since 2002. Prior to abandonment, the property was used for emu grazing, therefore the soil has been damaged, and the native vegetation are dying.

Agriculture

Soil Conservation

The Rain Dance

pghe 85War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary T DW rum Flynn Barbary

B Water security is the

and aggregates to clean the

centralisation of water into

water from pollutants.

a reservation so that it can be

is a way of introducing grey

filtered, contained and controlled.

water in the supple system as

The existing site is a reservoir that has remained inactive since 2004. The form of the reservoir is made up of three segments. The Water Security demonstration that is

The

purified as possible.

The third body digs deeper

beneath the surface as a way to

mitigate exposure to the sun.

a design which currently only

The Water Security

occupies two out of three of the

demonstration gets most of its

segments, and is made up of three

water from residents that live

bodies which show three different

along

Church street.

ways of securing and filtering

water.

The design ambition for water

security is to use the existing and retrofitted landscape in order to maximise the prevention of evaportation.

The first body uses a floating mat system, a panel of fabric and buoyant materials which act as a cover of the water while allowing aeration and seepage to prevent

Images 1. Abandoned House on Church Street 2. Locked Reservoir Entrance 3. Old, Pre-existing Channel facing north of the Reservoir 4. View of the Reservoir from the Church Street Vacant Lot.

algae.

Catchment / Distribution Demonstrations

The second is the water filtration body, which acts as the input and

01. Roadside Channel 02. Grey Water Irrigation Systems 03. Pre-existing Channels 04. Proposed Channels

output of water as it uses plants

D 03

20m

40m

The Rain Dance

Water Security

Deep Cooling Body

Filtration Body

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Floating Mat Body

1 : 6 0 0 33.6 m

8.0 m

44.2 m

1.9 m

1 : 4 0 0

Section AA

2.0 m

Section BB Floating Mat Body

1 : 4 0 0 Section CC Water Filtration Body 43.1 m

5.9 m

1 : 5 0 0

Section DD Deep Cooling Body

The Rain Dance

Water Security Precedent Study

In the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Banking on the Borderâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; project,

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Banking on the Border

lateral office provided a set of tools

pg 89 pg 89

Water Distribution Zoning

Main Body 02 Township Reservoir

which were reapplied to a specific landscape scenario along the mexican

sedimentation

deep storage

slow storage

border while using the collective to provide a public space for locals.

The demonstration developed into an

understanding of how water security will function over time as a means of adapting to climatic changes, seasons, and the need for water.

The diagram below shows how the centralisation and distribution process

happens accoring to the climate. In

Main Body 01 Cronomby Tanks

winter there is no need to invest water rather than to just accumulate it.

Whereas during summer, demonstrations will need water to support their function due in case of drought seasons.

Demonstrations Zone A 118 Houses 112.2 People 11 Catchment Demonstration Opportunities

The water distribution zoning diagram splits the town into the two allocated water bodies, this is while highlighting site opportunities which can harvest more water.

Water Secured in Cronomby Tanks

Zone B 24 Houses 52.8 People 4 Catchment Demonstration Opportunities Water Secured in Township Reservoir

Water Security Process and Cycle

Seasonal Cycle

1. Design to Facilitate Water Harvest Residential Zones Catchment Demonstration Areas

2. Design to Facilitate Water Distribution and Filtration

Main Storage Bodies (Pre-existing)

Seasonal Cycle

3. Design which Maximises evaporation prevention. Security Demonstration

4. Design which Re-distributes water to demonstrations in-need.

Redistributing water to Demonstrations In-Need.

_ W inter

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

_ S ummer

The Rain Dance

Food production the process of engaging the community with the operation and incentives of localising fresh food and vegetables. It is the ideal program

pghe 93War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary T DW rum Flynn Barbary

Images 1. Woomelang Oval in the early morning. 2. A.E Barbary Memorial Oval Entrance. 3. Oval Area (Facing West) 4. Next Production Site: New Town Square.

in which the townspeople can develop their own understanding

Brook Street

of water-responsibility and the maintenance of a healthy soil in order to achieve a viable supply of food.

The success of the Food Production

with the implementation of water catchments which are capable of facilitating water to these farms.

In this demonstration, it occupies an unused oval along the main

18.3 m

the farm is providing, combined

C 21.3 m

how many square meters per person

C Woomelang Group School

demonstration is justified through

street, and is preferably sustained by students of the primary school thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s east of the site.

This 21.3 m

initiative is the first step into

Brook Street (Woomelangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main street) can be

thinking about how

redeveloped into a food production strip in which enriches a connection between the memorial oval and the

redeveloped town center.

20.0 m

19.8 m

10m

20m

The Rain Dance

Food Production

pg 95 pg 95

Section AA 1:75

Section BB 1:75

Section CC 1:75

#1 1.05m

swale

Plant roots which Restructure the Soil.

Fine Sand

Soil Bed with Filter Plants

Brook Street

Coarse Rock

#1 1.07m

swale

Irrigating to Farms

Section DD (Detailed) 1:25

Grey Water

Section DD 1:75

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Rain Dance

Food Production

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Water Harvest Demonstrations The farmland is split into five types of produce, which engages students

The construction of the swales

in how a variety of vegetables

soil.

grown will change the quantity of

demonstration, the key tool to

water that needs to be harvested

restructure the soil is to grow

on-site.

apricot and orange trees parralel

disturbs the structure of the

For the food production

swale

to the swale so that the root

Crops 1 - 4 are vegetables that are grown in ground. This

system can prevent the swale from

demonstration allows students who

nutrients into the soil.

The growth of these fruit trees function in multiple ways to

Crop 5 is a fruit that can grow in a This so that the design appeals to the older age groups. By planter box.

91.56m2 0.8m 73.248m3

collapsing while rejuvenating the

donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t live on a farm to still be able to engage with food security.

area = depth = volume =

support the water harvesting

swale

area = depth = volume =

26.55m2 0.8m 21.24m3

#3 area = 31.29m2 depth = 0.6m volume = 18.77m3 swale

system while also contributing to the production of food.

adjusting the height and the width of the planter boxes, the design reduces the need for elderly people

total area

to struggle and stain when picking

= 149.4m2

vegetables.

total volume

& swale fill

= 113.258m3

The water which feed the crops come from grey water that is discharged from houses along street.

Brook

The water is distributed

through an irrigation system and three large bioswales.

Food Production Crop

farm a

= 342m2

42 rows

farm a

= 416m2

43 rows farm

= 336m2

37 rows #4 a = 419m2 farm

40 rows farm p a

= 1m x 3m = 63m2

irrigation

= 336m2 7105.95m of pipe a

The Rain Dance

In the past decade there have

The southern part of the railway

been negative changes to the

has a landform which surrounds the

soil ecology in

Woomelang. The

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

train tracks with earth that rises

5 meters high. The catchment

rising water table has caused an

up to

unbearable conditions for native

demonstration uses this steep slope

trees and a more difficult process

as an advantage to redirect water

of rejuvenating the soil ecology

run-off into the catchment.

before farming.

Another issue

percentage of farm soil becoming

Soil conservation is an ambition which varies according to ........ For this project, it positions the

aerodial, which is when valued top

incentive as a foundation that

soil from farmland become so loose

compliments the productivity of

that it catches in the wind and

the

which is growing more frequent in the farming community is a large

accumulates along fence lines and over productive crops.

The soil conservation

Images

demonstrations focuses on two areas of the one landscape scenario.

The water catchment system operates as channels which run parallel to the train track.

The

Railway North

1. Railway North 2. Railway South 3. Saline-Polluted Soil 4. Native Trees Killed by Saline

site has a unique topography due to the amount of earth that was

reorganised to facilitate the path for the train.

On the northern part of the railway, the land slopes lower to the train tracks. This means that design will have to facilitate a filtration method in order to filter any materials and metals which may come off the train.

B Railway South

10m

20m

The Rain Dance

Soil Conservation

101

pg 101War TheDW ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The rum Flynn Barbary

C B A

Section One

Soil Treatment Section AA

1:150

The following tools demonstrate ways in

Soil Treatment Section BB

1:150

Soil Rejuvenation Tools

which harvested water can to infiltrate and

a percentage of harvested water used to

restore balance in the soil ecology.

saturate the soil and treat it from pollutants.

This can

either be done through retrofitting the

root system

seeping water from swale

irrigation pump

landscape with materials that slow down the

feeds from lense

creates a water lense

storage tank

flow of water, or the harvested water can

treatment of soil happens before

flowing water is

the crop is sewn

filtered through

be irrigated to a secure tank that is accessed prior to sewing farm seeds.

the gabion mat bed.

The demonstration relates to the ‘Greening the Desert II’ precedent study which uses a ‘bottom-up’ approach as a tool to engage the community to understand that it’s possible

water can still slowly seep through the mat

to revegetate the desert area if there is

and into the soil.

an engaging level of understanding the importance of applying permaculture within a saline polluted environment can rejuvenate the foundation which advocates a productive plant growth.

Precedent Study

A Sub-Aquifer Lense

Soil Preparation for Sewing

C Gabion Mat

Greening the Desert II

Carving the Swale, often according to the contour.

This is to harvest the water passively.

As the swale fills with water, the water is either

In this project, micro-irrigation

Very drought tolerant

Fruit trees grown

was fixed underneath the

desert trees with nitrogen

parallel to the swale,

harvest through irrigation,

organic matter.

fixing.

this was to not only

or it naturally seeps into

The swale was also mulched.

a lens, stays pooled or

This was to structure the soil.

grow food but to lower the salt levels.

evaporates.

Extruded Soil

500mm Layers of organic

Nitrogen Fixation is the process of

Maturing trees

matter piled on either side of

converting nitrogen to ammonia

restructured the soil

the swale to retain the water

which is synthesised by plants.

after construction.

The Rain Dance

Woomelang is a township that exists primarily through the success of the dryland agriculture industry.

Like most farms, dryland

farming is a tough profession which heavily relies on something as

103

pg 103War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The DW rum Flynn Barbary

Images 1. Lambs in a Dry Paddock 2. Site Photo (Facing South) 3. Site Photo (Facing North) 4. Current use which is to store Soils and Aggregates.

unpredictable as rainfall in order to properly thrive.

The agriculture industry in the Mallee Region are valued at an estimate of $191.5 million per year, and contribute a remarkable amount of cereals and other goods to the nations food security. However the water allocation that is given to farmers is highly stressed to the point where it affects the quality of crops as well as a discouraging the prosperity of a farming career.

The agriculture demonstration aims to harvest water in order to facilitate the production of wheat fields nearby.

Wheat is the

most frequently grown product

Woomelang, and each hectare 5 inches of water in order to grow. This becomes the in

requires at least

criteria which the area of wheat needing to be fed dictates the amount of infrastructure required to facilitate the area of wheat.

A 10m

20m

The Rain Dance

Agriculture

105

pg 105War TheDW ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The rum Flynn Barbary

Section AA 1:150

Section BB 1:150

15.6 m

Criteria

2016 Ambition:

Wheat

1.5 tonne yield per ha

Required Water

Agriculture Demonstration Criteria 33.19 Hectares of Wheat

25.4cm of water per ha

Demonstration

7.43m3 of water for 33.19 hectares of wheat

2053 Ambition: Demonstration

Ag Produce

22.3m3 of water for 100.3 hectares of wheat which

Woomelang Farmers Grow

Cereal Crops

29.4% $310.9m

Broadacre Crops

61.7% $211.4m

Livestock

1.5% $45.7m

10.4 m 567.7m 1,191.5m

The Rain Dance

During settlement, the Mallee

ecology to allow other species to

region was decided that it would

grow.

be cleared of majority of its

native vegetation in order to make

act as a buffer of strong arid winds

room for an an active agriculture

which allow the weaker trees a

landscape.

chance to nourish.

The state government

107

pg 107War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The DW rum Flynn Barbary

Similar to the Lanark project Hamilton, the Casuarina trees

made it a rule that a farmer can only own his share of the farmland

The following sections on the next

if he clears a number of trees per

spread specify what types of trees

hectare.

are used in the design interventions

This cultivated in the

myth that the more available land,

and why.

the more successful an agriculture production is.

This demonstration aims to revegetate unoccupied areas in order to protect local endangered

species and to rejuvenate the

nutrients in the soil.

The site is an abandoned property far north of the township. The soil is in very poor condition because a large area of the property was used to graze an emu farm.

However 2002 the property has been inhabited. The intervention aims since

to use a series of water catchments in order to begin the regrowth of vegetation that is capable of growing in the damaged soil.

The int uses the rejuvenated soil

Images 1. Site Photo (East Entrance) 2. Land Over-Grazed by an Emu Farm 3. A Property thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been abandoned since 2004 4. Mallee Box Pines dying from the harsh weather and poor soil conditions

year

2053 a.d

20m

40m

The Rain Dance

Revegetation

109

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

2 3

4 Section AA _ 8 Years 1:150

Section AA _ 40 Years 1:150

2 3

Section BB _ 8 Years 1:125

2 3

Section BB _ 40 Years 1:150

Revegetation Palette The tree in which astounded settlers as it made a ghost-like roar as a strong breeze would pass by.

In the past 10 years, poor conditions in the soil have killed majority of these trees in the area.

is a tree in which has lasted the

The remaining species can only be 20kms north of town. This tree becomes the

test of time during the desolation

criteria as the project aims to

of the environment.

rejuvenate the soil nutrients and

In recent years, as the salinity rises and kills local trees, the casuarina

found on a reserve

Allocasuarina luehmannii A tree which has also managed to survive the negative changes to the

Saline-Tolerant Native

Eucalyptus dumosa

Endangered Species

enable this tree to grow again.

One of many useful long grasses, this particular grass is capable of

environment.

restructuring the soil through its root system, filtering the water

This tree, however, does not

from most pollutants and saline as

grow as tall and as dense as the

well as the sprawling of the plant

casuarina, but still operates well in

enables shade in which mitigates

this landscape and takes less time

evaporation from open bodies of

to mature into adulthood.

water.

Callatric verrucosa

Saline-Tolerant Native

Typha australis

Compitent Long Grass

The Rain Dance

Ambitious Timeline

The master diagram is a way in which demonstrates how these water catchments are not an isolated intervention, and how they grow and change program over time.

The first water investment is to rejuvenate the soil, allowing future interventions to properly nourish.

As soil is being rejuvenated

the food production system can form a connection between the multiple sites along the main street.

The final intervention to

initate is the revegetation, because of the difficulty to see positive results in the landscape being made before the planted trees reach adulthood

The purpose of the time sequences is to then calculate the surface area in which these interventions occupy.

The investment into time,

money and materals is how the project gets closer to answering

O pen W ater C hannel

whether or noth townships such as

Woomelang are worth saving.

P ipe / I rrigation W ater S ecurity B ody F ood P roduction A rea S oil C onservation I mproved F armland R evegetated A reas

111

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

railway swale

The Rain Dance

Ambitious Timeline

113

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

town center

primary school

barbary oval

reservoir

railway swale

sea lake

- hopetoun road

The Rain Dance

Ambitious Timeline

2053, water-responsible

catchments will facilitate over half of the surface area in

Woomelang.

This year becomes an important stage in the time sequence because it is the amount of time in which majority fof the trees that are a part of the revegetation design have grown into adulthood.

Therefore Woomelang can begin to see the landscape rejuvenate its ecologies while the water catchment demonstration gets used for another incentive.

The food production industry becomes so dispursed in the township that almost every neighbourhood has a close access to fresh food.

O pen W ater C hannel P ipe / I rrigation W ater S ecurity B ody F ood P roduction A rea S oil C onservation I mproved F armland R evegetated A reas

115

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Rain Dance

Applied Birchip

117

pg 117War The ar D/ rum / Flynn Barbary The DW rum Flynn Barbary

Statistics x 662

300 active households

379mm per year

Birchip is another township that is decentralised from assets. After the railway was built (around 1901), Birchip, along with Woomelang,

Other Site Opportunities

was supplied with water from a

Donald. Its allocation of water was stored in man-made large lake in

bodies of mostly in the south end of town.

The only natural body of water is Lake Tchum , which has been inactive since 2002.

Silo Park

The change of site is to test the manuals ability in transforming

Woomelang into a ‘demonstration A town in which has succeeded a water-responsible future and can be re-engineered town’.

and appropriated in other towns such as

Birchip. The re-adaptation

Vacant Lot Johnson Street South

of water catchment demonstrations become another criteria for the manual

If this process isn’t successful, I

P - 12 school

can either conclude that it is only

Woomelang that I’m saving and not decentralised communities, or I can redesign the manual in order to inform how these demonstrations can be made in

Traffic Island

Birchip.

School Tennis Courts

The Rain Dance

Applied Birchip

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

4 4 .2 m Food Prod

uction

pg 119 pg 119

Demonstrations Surface Area

19 .2 m

Zone:

146,271 m2

Roofs:

8,854.3 m2

Asphalt:

11,060 m2

Water Distribution:

3 1. 6 m

Security:

350 m2 1,699.8 m2

Irrigation:

3 9 .2 m Rev egetat

490.9 m2

ion

Food Production Tubers:

1,502.6 m2

Fruit Trees:

49.5 m2

Revegetation:

825 m2

Total Water Responsibility: 2,249 m3 maximum ody

21 .3 m

4 5 .1 m Secur ity B

Local Agriculture: 2.34 m2 per person

10m

20m

After my masters degree I’m wanting to stay in Melbourne and continue to pursue a career. preferably working with a group of people that reflect my moral beliefs on community engagement.

A more specific projection into the near future is to use this project as a platform in which to redesign the

Woomelang. This will include water catchment

new town centre for

demonstrations that feed into a system of localised food production, and a program which enables the harvest to be sold onsite.

This will be my project for the All in the while still

time being.

being curious on getting closer to a more resolved conclusion in

‘The

War Drum’. However tt’ll be great to, once again, interact with home at such a professional and interactive level, and it makes a lot more sense for

Woomelang to design Woomelang than to rope in someone from Bendigo. someone from for

121

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Fox Tree

The Master Criteria

Can

water

catchment

demonstrations

determine that decentralised

Mallee

Communities are worth saving? The sub question was intentionally set up as its own criteria in order to research whether or not

Woomelang is a township thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s worth saving.

- Unpopularised farming industry

13215.7 m 2

14,044 m 2

Se Fp

10705.5 m 2

19.4 ha

100.3 ha

10900m 2

2315.7 m 2 119.7 ha

design interventions.

24749.5 m 2

are we going to save similar townships

resources in order to facilitate and maintain the

2053

why woomelang is worth saving? - Contribution to the Dryland Food Security - Provides homes - Contains a lot of heritage and value - Because if we canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t save Woomelang, then how

why woomelang is not worth saving? - Investment in time, infrastructure, money and

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The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Fox Tree

A Town Worth Saving

‘Efficiency is not the pathway to sustainability’ the design research

The unfortunate side of

undertaken aims to apply a

viewing the design is that

sound understanding of how

Woomelang is a community

water catchment systems can

to which has never grasped an

operate and sustain in the

opportunity like this project,

Mallee environment. More

and between introducing

specifically how to apply these

this project against the

design interventions through

totalitarian policies and

reinterpreting the process as

infrastructure implemented

a formula thats legible for

by government-supported

the

Woomelang community to

organisations, discourages

acknowledge and adopt into

water-responsibility as proof

their lifestyle.

that it will work and sustain when it is still a hypothetical

One might say that part of

concept.

this project was inspired to

acnowledges the major flaw in

put

Woomelang on the map

This understanding

working vicariously through

as the isolated town that

the community, and that is

fought against the odds of

skepticism.

an impending ‘water war’.

But

the satisfaction that comes from producing a manual is opening ways into which they recognise their own existing landscape as an opportunity to authorise their own rights to an ownership of water.

pg 125 pg 125

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

The Fox Tree

References

Text ‘Mallee Regional Catchment Strategy (2013-19)’ Mallee Catchment Management Authority. <http://www. malleecma.vic.gov.au/> ‘Land worth saving : history of Woomelang, Lascelles and Watchupga (1985 and updated every year)’ by the Woomelang and District Historical Society. ‘Greening the Middle East’ by Craig Mackintosh and the Australian Institue of Permaculture < http:// vimeo.com/7658282> Fenton J, ‘The Untrained Environmentalist: How an Australian Grazier Brought His Barren Property Back to Life’ Publisher: Allen & Unwin Seeking Sustainability: Israel’s Evolving Water Management Strategy < www.sciencemag.org> ‘Landscape for Health: Settlement Planning and Development for Better Health in Rural and Remote Indigenous Australia: Visual Story and Documentation’ Sinatra Murphy < http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=728517003190742;re s=IELIND> ‘Biological Soil Crusts’ - USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center - Canyonlands Field Station. < http://fresc.usgs.gov/products/fs/fs-065-01.pdf> ‘How to fight desertification and reverse climate change’, Allan Savory <http://www.ted.com/talks/allan_savory_how_ to_green_the_world_s_deserts_and_reverse_climate_change.html> ‘soil glossary’ Victoria Resource Online <http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/gloss_ac> ‘Water Sensitive Urban Design – the Journey Thus Far’ Tony Wong, Monash University / Australian Journal of Water Resources (2007). ‘An Overview of Water Sensitive Urban Design Practices in Australia’ Tony Wong, Ecological Engineering, Prahan Australia (2005). ‘Managing Urban Stormwater Using Constructed Wetlands’ Tony H F Wong, Peter F Breen, Nicholas L G Somes and Sara D Lloyd. Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Catchment Hydrology and Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University (1999) ‘Pipe Dreams: Water Supply Pipeline Projects in the West’ by Denise Fort, University of New Mexico Law School & Barry Nelson, Natural Resources Defense Council (2012) ‘Banking on the Border’ by Lateral Office. Website Viewed on the 24th of October 2013 < http:// lateraloffice.com/BANKING-ON-THE-BORDER-2012>

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I would like to begin by thanking 2013 family. Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve gained so

the mla

much energy and knowledge from you all and will look forward to many more years to come.

To my loving parents, Craig and Lyn, to my brother Korey, and to my sister Taryn. xx I would also like to thank Charles Anderson, Natasha Morgan, Liz Herbert, Jock Gilbert, Marieluise Jonas, Rose Monacella & Craig Douglas for their support as tutors in the

2013 mla program. I offer my eternal gratitude to Alistair Kirkpatrick, Judy Rogers, Flynn Hart, Dan Nunan & SueAnne Ware for making the five years of my scholar an era to remember, and

I canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t thank you

enough.

And finally I would like to thank the friends and family of the

Woomelang and Lascelles

community who have managed to show support for myself and each other for all these years.

I could not have asked for a more inimitable and nurturing environment to have been born and raised in.

129

The War Drum / Flynn Barbary

Published by Flynn Barbary (2013) As apart of the RMIT Master of Landscape Architecture Practice.