REVIVING NANJING TRADE SPACE – STREET MARKET
Creating a lively streetscape through social empowerment in Nanjing, China
ACKNOELEDGEMENT
First, thanks to my family for taking good care of me. Thanks to the teachers who taught me, I was able to come out of my confusion and finish this project. Thanks to my classmates Aikun Chang, Bingyuan Liu, Chenyi Du, DiZhu, Huiwai Lam, Hui Ren, Huixi Yu, Jingyi Wang, Na You, Tianyue Tang, Rongrong Hua, Shi Shu, Xuefan Qin, Xu Qin, Xinyi Xiang, Xinzhi Xie, Yijing Hu, Yian Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Zhuoqun Cao, Zhuoer Tang, Ziyao Kang, Ziqing Zhang and others have helped me and accompanied me in my studies. I would also like to thank my friends Wu Han, Wei Meng, Lin Ying, Chang Yuhong, Su Chang, Jin Xiao, Liu Chunyan, Wang Shanglian, Zhao Jiyuan,Cui Jiaqi, Gao Han, Wang Chenyi, Wang Zezhong, Shi Meishi, Zhou Zheng, Liu Bingbing, Ni Meng, Mao Xu, Li Yue, Zhang Yanwen, Wang Xiangliang, Gu Yilin, Liu Chang, Hu Xi, Lin Xuan, Wang Wenqing, Sun Ningyue, Liang Xiao, Wang Zhuo, Piao Yan, Gordon, Xia Yu, Sun Yue, Huang Jiaqian, Cheng Di,Toy Du, Jason, Yiwen, Lex, Tina, Eric, Koko, Mike, Edward, Jade, Jane, Lilith, Handing, Hu, Daxi, Surgy, Joie, Jiu Gu, Ziyi, Yang and others have been my spiritual companion, spiritual support and source of inspiration. Finally, thanks, RMIT!
Student: Anqi Liu
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ABSTRACT
Reviving Nanjing Trade Space is an urban regeneration project that aims to bring back street market culture of Nanjing. The project believes street stalls are an integral part of civic life and they are city’s cultural landscape in China. However, a top-down regulation imposed by the government towards street market operation and the marginalisation of vendors by developers and city councils had restricted the viability of street markets in Nanjing. Hence, this project takes the initiative to work horizontally with government, developers and local community to restore the cultural atmosphere of urban street markets and provide business opportunities for local people, overall enhancing the livelihood the street. The project focuses on a creating a new street market operating typology at ChengXian Street that promote entrepreneurship among the local community by providing them a platform. Considering from a bottom-up model, landscape architect act as a mediator between government, developers and local vendors, focusing on the relationship the between people and space, promoting interactions among the community, and facilitating events and workshops to elevate the social status among the vendors.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE Mission statement
11
Project Framework
21
Clients, Stakeholders & Outcome
23
CHAPTER 01 WHAT IS A STREET MARKET? 1.1 Street Market Culture
27
1.2 Precedent—Shilin Night Market ---Singapore China town ---Thailand Night Market ---Shenyang Xiema Night Market
29
1.4 Theoretical Framework
33
CHAPTER 02 NANJING (UNDERSTANDING SITE AND PLACE) 2.1 Nanjing Introduction
37
2.2 Nanjing Street Demographics
39
2.3 Street Vendors Livelihood and Requirements
41
2.4 Street Vendors Issue
43
CHAPTER 03 URBAN STRATEGY 3.1 Nanjing Urban construct
Project Site + Potentiality Urban Network Cultural and Natural Landmarks Street Market Location Landuse
47
XL
L
3.2 Nanjing Urban Strategy
57
3.3 Chengxian Streetscape Mappings
59
Traffic Flow Walkability and Accessibility Urban Void - Open Spaces Landuse + Utilities Space Available for Vendors
3.4 Condition Vignettes
69
CHAPTER 04 NEW STREET MARKET PROPOSAL 4.1 Mission and Principle
73
4.2 Design Strategy Framework + Implementation stages
75
4.3 Street Vendors Typology in Nanjing
77
CHAPTER 05 INFRASTRUCTURAL SETUP L
M
5.1 Site (Chengxian street) Masterplan
81
5.2 Vendors Zoning and Paving
83
5.3 Planting Strategy
85
5.4 Rythmmic Atmosphere Planning
87
5.5 Inner Community Park Design
89
5.6 Pedestrian Centric Design
95
5.7 Street Neighborhood
99
5.8 Central Plaza
103
CHAPTER 06 SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT S
6.1 Site – Stakeholder Mapping
111
6.2 Shop and Vendor Collaboration
113
6.3 Skills Program
117
6.4 Promotional Events
121
6.5 Stall Design(2 Types)
123
6.6 Infrastructue Design(Rest platform)
125
CHAPTER 07 BRANDING + PUBLICATION 7.1 Promotional Strategy
129
7.2 Online Presence
131
APPENDIX Reference List
133
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PrefacE
9
MISSION STATEMENT
UN Goals
"The Agenda reiterates, in different sections, the need of generating employment for vulnerable groups, specifically women, urban poor, unemployed rural labour as well as low-income urban residents."
"Promoting sustainable land-use planning and management"
Through the revitalization of the trade space of street vendors to stimulate economic activities in the surrounding communities, create a good community neighborhood environment, and achieve sustainable development.
This is an urban regeneration project that aims to revive the Street Market Culture in the streets of Nanjing. Street market is one of the elements that represent the Asian region. They are not only popular with locals, but also attract many tourists. The street stall also solves the employment problem of many citizens and maintains the lives of many families. The street stall is an organic part of citizens' life, and also a corner of the urban cultural landscape, exuding the unique flavour of a city's citizen culture. Nanjing is a capital city with rapid economic development and a long history and culture. Some of the streets are very suitable for developing street stalls and driving the surrounding cultural atmosphere, which will become the city's culture icon. However, in recent years, due to government top-down stringent regulations on street vendors and disfavoured by local developers, resulting a decrease in street market activities. In the rapid urban process of the past decade, after urban renewal, street changes and vendors were driven away, people have lost the street market that bring them memory and cultural atmosphere. Every street has lost its character and looks similar. However, after the outbreak of the epidemic in 2020, the economy had been hit hard. The government then proposed to use the stall economy to drive low-cost economic development, so it began to encourage the operation of stalls. Developers discovered business opportunities and began to organize creative market activities in public spaces. Nevertheless, the activities organized by the developers cannot evoke people's memories of the city. The new market is just a product of commercialization and lacks a cultural atmosphere. Hence, this document is an urban revitalization strategy focusing on ChengXian Street. It is dedicated to the government and developers to restore the cultural atmosphere of urban stalls, revitalize the street stall economy, and restore the living-work space of street vendors. The project believes that people are the protagonist of the public space as people can give vitality to space, and the vitality of space can attract more people. Vendors are part of the street, and in the long run they will become public figures in public spaces. Jane Jacobs believes that the presence of public figures may make sidewalks safer and more vibrant for pedestrians. Considering the bottom-up model, the landscape architect is a coordinator and mediator between government, developers and local vendors, paying more attention to the relationship between people and space, approaching from the perspective of vendors and citizens, giving city councils advice on street market management, and cooperating with local media and event planners to create a street market with commercial and cultural value. Moreover, the street shall become a testbed for young entrepreneur, empowering local people to start-up business. Promotional events and workshops are suggested to further elevate the social professional status of the vendors. This not only creates a vibrant productive street market, but also revitalise the community along the streets.
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2006
/
‘Is it a shame to have a street stall?’ Under the influence of Chinese culture, the popular view is that working as a street vendor is not a good job and is discriminated against.
2007
/
‘Vendors call for legal stall space’ The number of vendors is increasing and city managers have been making evictions. Both residents and vendors want legal space to operate.
2014
/
‘In Dali, vendors clashed with city managers.’
2015
/
‘Hunan city management to remove the stalls occupying the road business, was poured boiling water by vendors.’
2016
/
‘What about stalls caught by city managers? How to escape from the city manager?’ The relationship between city managers and vendors is very tense, similar to the relationship between police and thieves, and there are frequent conflicts.
2020
/
‘Policies loosened in many areas of China to open 'street stall economy'’ ‘Night market of stalls, here it comes!’ Policy changes are starting to be friendly to the street vendors.
Question How can landscape design make street space and pocket park benefit to the vendors? Why As the most important organ of the city, the street public space is the most basic place for every citizen to communicate in life. Since 2020, the epidemic has brought a lot of disruption to people's lives, with economic recession and a surge in unemployment. On May 27, 2020, China began to encourage the ‘street-stall economy’(Souhu News,2020). The street-stall economy and the small shop economy are an important source of employment and an effective way to restore the vitality of life and the vitality of streets. What Itinerant vendors are the typical informal activity that is widespread in countries around the world. At the same time, it is a special informal activity because it occurs in urban public spaces and has caused many disputes and conflicts due to negative spatial effects. In Chinese history, street conflicts caused by vendors have already existed, but in contemporary cities, the conflicts have become more prominent and noticeable. The stall is like a flowing business ---The fragmentation of the shopping mall after decomposition, and then flow. How The informal business model of stalls can be found the rule through landscape design to reduce the chaos caused by stalls on urban space and transportation systems. Making people shop in a flexible, interesting and natural environment, increasing communication between people, and enhancing the vitality of the street.
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"You're more comfortable with a street book vendor than in a bookstore?" "You can talk to the book vendor because he's just sitting there, looking around. People talk to him more and understand each other better. A lot of people don't go to bookstores because it's much easier for them to talk to the street book vendor and see what he has to say about the book. That's why I prefer to buy books from a street book vendor than from a bookstore." ---<Sidewalk>Mitchell Duneier, Ovie Carter
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"Of All Things Man Is The Measure"
---Protagoras of Abdera
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"The economy of stalls and small stores is an important source of jobs, the living atmosphere of the human world, and "High-end atmospheric grade", like the vitality of China." ---Keqiang Li(Premier of the State Council of China)
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PROJECT FRAMEWORK
Steps
1.Research(Landscape architect+Urban planners) 2.Bottom-up Community consultation(Stakeholders) Spatial Planning Urban city scale
XL
Make a street market as connnection to city culture
3.Promoting--Landmark
Urban block scale
L
Design to activate the community's street market system,bring community benefit
Street avenues scale
M
Create a good trade condition for vendors through detailed design.
Vendor stall Organisation
S
Stall Design and Infrastructure for Vendors
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CLIENTS, STAKEHOLDERS & OUTCOME
Investors
Developers
Government
CX Market
Nanjing Chengxian Street Market
Stakeholders
Vendors
Tourists
Residents
Operators
Shop Owners
Managers
Organiser
Students
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Chapter 1 WHAT IS A STREET MARKET?
25
STREET MARKET CULTURE
The origin of the marketplace as a cultural symbol
Ancient Management In order to regulate the operation of street vendors, the Song government measured distances on both sides of the street and erected ‘table woods’ as a red line prohibiting the occupation of the street. Stalls and shops are allowed within the red line, but they are not allowed to go beyond the red line.
1980s Most of the things sold by the vendors are agricultural products and food and drinks, etc., usually distributed near schools, or concentrated in the morning market, night market sales.
Ancient markets--A marketplace that regularly gathers for trading Type(By Operating Time) Lunar Market: Open with the Chinese lunar time in December, usually people come to trade New Year's goods. Morning Market: Open every morning, trading time is only 2-3 hours. Ghost Market: In some places, the market is opened at dawn and dispersed shortly after dawn. The main reason for the formation of this ghost market is that the descendants of some ragtag families or officials, when they are living in poverty, sell their families to make ends meet. There are also thieves who steal things and sell them here.
2000s City Council
2010s City Council
2020s City Council
Policy: Standardization of night markets
The government considered street vendors to be a bad influence on the environment and began to evict them from the streets for the sake of a clean city.
Due to the impact of the epidemic on economic development, the government began to encourage the ‘street stall economy’ and many cities began to revitalize their street fairs.
Standardization of vendors, vendors need to apply for a license License can be inherited or transferred
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PRECEDENT
Taiwan Shilin Night Market
School
Historical Artifacts
Station
Market
Entrance
Managing Agency
Light
Street Market
Opening: 16:00 Peak:20:00 - 23:00 Closing: 01:00 or 02:00
Voice
Learning from: The proximity to the station and the entrance facing the track can increase the publicity surface. Surrounded by schools and residential areas to provide a regular source of customers. Artifacts within the street serve as positioning points.
Clear Entrance Signage
Vendors are placed at the entrance to attract people to enter
Rich advertising signs add to the atmosphere
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PRECEDENT
Singapore China Town Market
Floor 2-3
Chinese traiditional entry
Walking width 5m
Historical Artifacts
Chinese traiditional artist
Learning from: China Town is close to the city center. The buildings inside are regularly arranged, all of which are traditional red-roofed 2-3 story buildings. There are some historical and cultural buildings around Chinatown. The shopping mall is about 500m away. The walking width is about 5 meters.Pedestrians can see the displays on both sides of the road while walking slowly.
Chiang Mai Weekend Market Building Vendors Service Temple Food Market
Learning from: Clear layout
Shenyang Xiema Night Market
Commerical Area
Commerical Area
Car Entrance
Commerical Area
School
Residential Area
Pedestrian Entrance
Commerical Area
Learning from: Embodying the vibrancy of the street food culture in Shenyang at night, XMT Night Market has created a new entertainment destination in the heart of the city – enveloping visitors in an array of immersive experiences and creative retail formats. The design ushers in a new paradigm for living and entertainment by forming an ambitious and dynamic community with easy access and connections to all aspects of life.
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Bottom-up Urbanism
Street Stall Economic(Bottom)
Urban Space Management(Up)
L
A Culture of Informality ''It is not only the work and survival behaviours of the popular classes that are governed by informality, the murky arrangements between politicians, real estate companies and mafias that control transport, garbage and food traffic also are. ''
The Informal City Michel S. Laguerre There exists an informal city located just beneath and in the interstices of the formal city. The metaphor is not geographical, but rather structural and hermeneutical. For the perspective of history, the informal system originated before the formal system.
The informality of culture is the result of the informal activities and behaviors that often occur in people's daily lives. Informal spaces are often "uncontrolled" or "unexpected". The informal spaces of the city create surprises for the city.
M
Everyday Urbanism Margaret Crawford, John Chase and John Kaliski ''An approach to Urbanism that finds its meanings in everyday life''. An empirical approach that strengthens frequently unnoticed existing situations and experiences that occur in everyday life. As a method with a multidimensional consideration of the value of public spaces as it introduces various responses to specific times and places.
Temporary Urbanism Zygmunt Bauman The transition from solid to liquid, and the chaos of later modernization made people wandering. Solid modernity is to believe in control and order. In the liquidity of impermanence, cities can also have many changes that can be mobilized at any time to adapt to this form. Spirit of place Ancient Roman Spirit of place (or soul) refers to the unique, distinctive and cherished aspects of a place.
The kind of space created between the buildings and the presence of active human activity is one of the criteria to measure the quality of the space. The value of public space and community life bursts forth with the organic creation of street markets, street food vendors, and murals. This burst of community life creation leads to the improvement of public space, which "temporary urbanism" understands as an "appropriation improvement" that challenges the city's temporary, short-term urban activity sites.
S
Exterior Design In Architecture Ashihara, Yoshinobu When considering the spatial domain, there must be a boundary line in any case, and it is known that space has a limited size, and it is defined by its own boundary line, so "place" and "domain" are created.
Life Between Buildings Jan Gehl An appeal to show concern for the people who were to move about between buildings, and it urged an understanding of the subtle, almost indefinable - but definite - qualities, which have always related to the interaction of people in public spaces, and it pointed to the life between buildings as a dimension of architecture that needs to be carefully treated. Making space "multi-use" will make space "multi-user."
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Chapter 2 NANJING (UNDERSTANDING SITE AND PLACE)
35
NANJING INTRODUCTION
China
Jiangsu Province
Nanjing City
1930s
1950s
Nanjing is the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. It is the only mega-capital city in the Yangtze River Delta region and an important regional center city in China(Baidu Baike, 2020). It is located in the the junction of south and north, integrating the different cultures and lifestyles of the south and the north. The historical culture of 'the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties'and the civilization of a modern city make Nanjing, a historic city surrounded by mountains and rivers. The cultural heritage and historical imprints deposited over thousands of years can be seen everywhere in Nanjing. Nanjing is one of the leading cities in the market economy, and currently has more than 3,400 temporary stalls(Xinhua News,2020).
1980s 37
NANJING STREET DEMOGRAPHICS
N
0
5km
Surrounding landuse Traditional street market: 20
Chengxian street neighbor
Residential area: 16/20 Commercial area: 10/20 School: 9/20 Scenic spot: 4/20 Type Night Market：
10/20
Gourmet Street :
7/20
Commodity Street :
3/20
Scale of operation S size(<500m2) :
1/20
M size(500-1000m2) :
15/20
L size(>1000m2) :
4/20
Opening hours 5pm -12am
10/20
24h
10/20
Finding 1. 80% of the traditional street market is surrounded by residential areas, 50% in commercial areas, and 45% near school. 2. 50% of traditional street markets is temporary Night Market, 35% is Gourmet Street. 3. 75% of the street market covers 500-1000m2 4. 50% is opening in the night and 50% is opening for whole day. According to these findings, Cheng Xian Street which is near residential area, commerical area and school is the most suitable site.
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STREET VENDORS LIVELIHOOD
9-10:30am: Prepare food ingredients
10:30-11am: Arriving at the location and preparing the stall
11am-3pm: Trade
4-11/12pm: Trade for night
12-12.30am: Close the stall and go home
Conclusion: The rest time of vendors is very sporadic and short. The distance of the vendors' commute directly affects their rest time, and Street market can provide shared rest space for vendors to ensure their quality of work.
CLIENT REQUIREMENTS
Basic needs:
Psychological needs:
Stall space (work space) Toilet Rest space (private)
Comfort (warmth or heat protection) Safety
Rest Area Entertainment space
Security (anti-theft, crime) Entertaining (Entertainment style) Comfort
Toilet Parking Area Entertainment space (public)
Security (anti-theft, food safety) Entertaining (Entertainment style)
Toilet Office
Security (crime and regulatory checks)
Vendors
Residents
Customers
Managers
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STREET VENDORS ISSUE
Street Stall
Vendors
Management
Expulsion Fine Confiscate property
Conflict
Business Activities
Move and Stay
Product quality issues Food safety issues No after-sales service Street Mass Noise Waste
Traffic Jam Destruction of roads and infrastructure
Traffic Jam: Vendors do not have a defined location and occupy lanes leading to traffic jams.
Chaos and Garbage: Vendors' lack of trash disposal, customers' littering and the absence of cleanup crews contribute to the street's chaos.
Safety risks: Crowded and unattended when theft, theft and other security problems are likely to occur.
Conflict: The managers evicted the vendors and managed them violently, causing dissatisfaction and conflicts among the vendors. Vendors have less and less room to operate.
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Chapter 3 URBAN STRATEGY
45
NANJING URBAN CONSTRUCT
Project Site + Potentiality:
Site 0
N 2km 47
'Fill page' as previous page is a trace
Urban Network:
Metro Station High population Medium population 49
'Fill page' as previous page is a trace
Cultural and Natural Landmarks:
Culture Point
51
'Fill page' as previous page is a trace
Street Market Location:
Traditional Market
53
'Fill page' as previous page is a trace
Landuse:
Educational Area Public Facilities Area Green Area Commercial Area 55
NANJING URBAN STRATEGY
Street Market Visit Route
Connect Street Market as Lanscape Corridor
Visit Route Street Market Development Opportunities
Explore Explore more Informal Commercial Oppunities
57
STREETSCAPE MAPPINGS
The green belt affects the intersection turn, there is no need to separate the road.
The bike lane next to the barrier cannot go straight and can be expanded sidewalk.
Lane and Street can be closed during non-busy hours.
N
Traffic Flow
0
100 m
59
STREETSCAPE MAPPINGS
Bicycles, cars and vendors use different entrances to enter this area.
Walkability and Accessibility
61
STREETSCAPE MAPPINGS
Urban Void - Open Spaces
63
STREETSCAPE MAPPINGS
Dark places (lack of light)
Landuse + Utilities
65
STREETSCAPE MAPPINGS
SHOP
SHOP
GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT
Sidewalk
1.5m
Travel Lane
11m
Sidewalk
11m
Space Available for Vendors
67
CONDITION VIGNETTE
SHUANGJING LANE
CHENGXIAN STREET
SHUANGJING LANE
SUGUO COMMUNITY
DASHAMAO LANE
69
Chapter 4 NEW STREET MARKET PROPOSAL
71
MISSION +PRINCIPLE
Street Market Landscape Architecture Role Siteup Site Vendors
Operator
Role
Organsier
Recruiting
Busker Artist
Increase artistic and ornamental qualities Attract crowds
Manager
Managing
Intangible Cultural Heritage Communicator Handicraftsman Fashion Designer Vintage shop
Increase reputation and creativity Demonstrate the product making process Promote culture and enhance uniqueness
Resident
Trading
Tourist
Trading/Culture communicating
Car trunk vendor Students
Increase entrepreneurial opportunities Autonomy
Flourist Farmer
Simplify the process and reduce costs Bringing fresh to people
Food truck
Create an aromatic atmosphere Bringing fresh food to people
Toy stall vendor Game stall vendor
Increase the fun Attract crowds to gather and watch Attracts children
Soothsayer Chiropractor/Manicurist Tattoo artist
Brings relaxation and reduce pressure Provide quiet activities
Post ads
Street Market Establishment
Stall booking
Management Policy
Business Activities
Time slot： 7am-11am 11am-4pm 4pm-8pm 8pm-2am
Vendors
Program
Oppotunity
Training seminars on vendors operation
Provide opportunities for vendors to learn and communicate
Residents' unused items exchange
Increase community communication and collaboration and reduce waste
Food Truck - Creative Cooking Contest
Increase the popularity of street markets and the competitiveness of vendors
College Student Learning Goods Exchange
Increasing student-community connections and reducing waste
Nanjing City Culture Photo Exhibition
Showcasing the cultural and historical development of Nanjing
Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition
Promote Nanjing's intangible cultural heritage and increase the city's reputation
Cooperation with shops
Communication between vendors
Communication with residents
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DESIGN STRATEGY FRAMEWORK + IMPLEMENTATION STAGES
Improve streetscape
Place-Making
Spatial functionality Sense of place
Street Market Operation
Improve accessibility+Wayfinding
Infrastructural Setup
- neighborhood entry+connection - school - public transport Improve street usability - better connection to park+river - safety - rest space/dining Enhance street character - planting strategy - paving strategy Provide opportunitic space
Social Empowerment
- co-existing/collaboration with existing stareowners - zoning Program/Event for street vendors - contest - exhibition - training Festival/Promotional method
Branding Publication
- tour map - journey
Vendor business setup
Timeline
3 months
Cooperative use of public space in hotels and residential areas Stage1: Create space for vendors to operate
Change boundary-Remove walls and expand the sidewalk Break off long Green Belt. Use block tree pools. Street paving to entry space Create inner community park Improve accessibility to river Collaborate with stops to attract people
1 month
Stage2: Create activities and opportunities
Food trucks partner with supermarkets for food material promotion and hold cooking competitions Invite artists to hold exhibitions Invite craftsmen to showcase intangible cultural heritage Holding training seminars for vendors and inviting the public to give their opinions
1 month
Stage3: Creating the living atmosphere
Design different lighting and event facilities according to different holiday themes Design visitor guide maps Additional advertising screens and temporary movable facilities
75
STREET VENDORS TYPOLOGY IN NANJING
1-4m2
Stage in Open space
Busker
1-4m2
Artist
Seat in Open Space
Handicraftsman Fishion Designer 2-4m2 Table or Frame in Open Space
Vintage Shop Student
10-15m2
Car Trunk
Parking Area in Open Space
2-6m2
Flourist Farmer
Open Space
Food Truck
4-10m2
Toy Stall Sheltered space
Game Stall
Chiopractor Manicurist
4-10m2
Table and Seat，Semi-public space, sheltered or in areas with less flow of people between buildings
Tattoo Artist 77
Chapter 5 INFRASTRUCTURAL SETUP
79
N
0
100 m
SITE MASTERPLAN
81
0
VENDORS ZONING +PAVING
N
100 m
Material
Paving
Parking Stall Zone(20¥/time slot) Stall Zone(50¥/time slot) Stall Zone(Free) Rest Zone Artist Zone(Free for artists) Stall Zone(Only for residents) Stall Zone(Only for food trunks 20¥/time slot)
Zoning
Planting
83
0
PLANTING STRATEGY
N
100 m
Planting strategy are being strategically deployed to unify the space to create a sense of unity and gives the site a unique character throughout the seasons. Chinese scholar trees are deciduous trees with yellow leaves that fall off and small yellow flowers in autumn. As a street tree it can resist wind and sand.
Roadside trees
Chinese Scholar Tree Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
The plane tree is the representative tree of Nanjing and many major roads are planted with paulownia trees. The trees are tall, deciduous trees, and are used as resting places in the site to provide large canopy.
Spot trees in rest area
Plane Tree Firmiana simplex (Linnaeus) W. Wight
Red maple is a valuable foliage tree, which is a deciduous tree. It is planted on both sides of the entrance road to attract people to walk in.
Roadside trees in entrance
Red Maple Atropurpureum
85
0
RYTHMMIC ATMOSPHERE PLANNING
N
Light
100 m
Voice
A rhythmic atmospheric mapping is used to it curated with an experiential journey that takes sound and light ambience into consideration. This creates a variety of little moments for the visitors.
87
INNER COMMUNITY PARK
This is a reclusive area, shrouded away from main streets, within residential areas. Small pocket parks with trees and gardens are dedicated for the residents around the neighbourhood. Moreover, some stalls are setup for morning markets where local residents could buy their groceries with ease and convenience, enjoying the morning vibe.
N
0
20m
9:00 am
89
Section A-A
INNER COMMUNITY PARK
In the morning, the seniors came out to buy the fresh ingredients they needed for the day, and some residents brought out things they didn't need to sell or donate. Children were happily playing on the grassy slope while residents chatted away, creating a harmonious and beautiful community scene.
A
A
91
INNER COMMUNITY PARK
93
PEDESTRIAN CENTRIC DESIGN
This project is all about pedestrian safety and comfort, creating wider sidewalks, reducing car entries and creating mid-block pedestrian crossings. Moreover, extended sidewalks could allow vendors to co-share outdoor space with existing shop owners.
0
N
1:00 pm
10m 95
PEDESTRIAN CENTRIC DESIGN
B
At noon, people come here for coffee and dessert after lunch and have a nice lunch break with friends.
B
Section B-B
Sidewalk 8m
Travel Lane 6m
Sidewalk 3m
97
STREET NEIGHBORHOOD
The design also considers the connectivity towards natural features around the site, allowing people around the neighbourhood to access the it easily. Thus, trees and paving, led the way through narrow corridor to reach the river’s edge.
N
0
20m
6:00 pm
99
STREET NEIGHBORHOOD Section C-C
In the evening, people finish their day's work, come here to buy food, take a walk, and walk to the river to sit on the steps to watch the sunset.
C C
101
CENTRAL PLAZA
The project emphasises on activating the centre of the street, making it a central plaza, “catchment area” where it could accommodate greater pedestrian traffic. This area is a cross-junction with many street corners to accommodate event spaces, such as exhibition, a theatre stage, and an open plaza. This centralised space shall become the heart of the street.
8:00 pm
N
0
20m
103
CENTRAL PLAZA
105
E E
CENTRAL PLAZA
D
At night, there are people performing, crowds watching the show, and children playing in the fountain. The lights converge on this place and the sound of music accompanies the noise in the crowd, which is very lively and interesting.
D
Section D-D
Section E-E
Sidewalk
Travel Lane
Sidewalk
5.5m
12m
8.5m
107
Chapter 6 SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
109
SITE – STAKEHOLDER MAPPING
This is a map that identifies existing stakeholders on the street. Once, the infrastructures are setup, vendors may start to occupy the streets, and collaborate with existing shop owners to increase business viability, creating diversity and making the street much livelier.
111
SHOP + VENDOR COLLABORATION
Collaboration with Hotel The stall in front of the hotel can provide food for the guests in the hotel. It brings popularity to the hotel and increases its reputation.
The riverside area provides a great view and resting platform for the hotel, which can become a hot spot area on the internet. The hotel can provide special food and drinks here and advertise to promote the hotel's sales.
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SHOP + VENDOR COLLABORATION
Collaboration with Supermarket The stall at the entrance of the supermarket can use the ingredients inside the supermarket to make and advertise the items inside the supermarket. While the vendor can sell, the supermarket also gains more publicity and can attract customers to come inside the supermarket for shopping.
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SKILLS PROGRAM
The stage provides more opportunities for the buskers to perform and at the same time can bring popularity to the area, attracting people to watch the performance and into the street market, bringing in more customers.
Steps can hold outdoor presentations, such as training lectures and communication events for vendors, and can be provided for people to rest during periods when there are no events.
Stage Show
Outdoor Lecture
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PROGRAM Exhibition The exhibition area can be used for artists to hold painting exhibitions, and is usually an exhibition wall to promote Nanjing's traditional culture.
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PROMOTIONAL EVENTS
Chinese Lantern Festival Topic: Latern,Rice Ball ,Riddles, Lion Dancing,Dragon Dancing During the festive season, the place is specially decorated and furnished with festive features, bringing a lively atmosphere and festive special events
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STALL DESIGN
Stall Design1
Stall Design2
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INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN Viewing platform
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Chapter 7 BRANDING+PUBLICATION
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PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY
Recruitment
Determine some regular vendors
Offline promotion
Online promotion
Merchants promote through their respective online accounts
Coupons that can be used by street markets at nearby stores
Positioned as a local life Wechat Official accounts/Weibo/Red Book/Tiktok for promotion
Advertising in nearby shopping malls
Let the local KOLs to make the video of store exploration
Advertising in subway stations and bus stops
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ONLINE PRESENCE
Street Market Application The app is designed to make it easier for vendors to book their fair locations in advance, for order and for organizational management. On this app you can choose their desired area, stall and time slot. After completing the selection, you need to pay the rent and deposit to complete the reservation.
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APPENDIX
Baidu Baike. (2020). Nanjing. https://baike.baidu.com/item/nanjing/23952?fr=aladdin Xinhua News. (2020). Nanjing, Jiangsu: "Fall Market Economy" Promotes "Night Jinling" Consumption. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1668548585872084914&wfr= spider&for=pc Zhihu. (2019). Interpretation of Everyday Urbanism. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/ p/95158805 Good Architecture. (2019). Studio in the woods. https://www.gooood.cn/studio-in-thewoods-by-selgascano.htm Duan Media.(2017).Hong Kong vs Taipei: how difficult is it to set up a cooked food night market?.https://theinitium.com/article/20170131-hongkong-20170127Bazaarhktaipei/ Archdaily.(2017).Dadad Market / Bangkok Tokyo Architecture + OPH.https://www. archdaily.com/905924/dadad-market-bangkok-tokyo-architecture-plus-oph?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all City Form Lab.(2021).Understanding the ingredients of commercial diversity.https:// cityform.mit.edu/projects/understanding-the-ingredients-of-commercial-diversity Gehlpeople.(2021).https://gehlpeople.com/projects/london-uk/ Landezine.(2021).Passeig de st joan boulevard.http://landezine.com/index. php/2012/07/passeig-de-st-joan-boulevard-by-lola-domenech/ Landezine.(2021).Hamamyolu urban deck by yazgan.http://landezine.com/index. php/2019/07/hamamyolu-urban-deck-by-yazgan/
AchoChi, C., 2002. The mobile street food service practice in the urban economy of Kumba, Cameroon. Singapore journal of tropical geography, 23(2), pp.131-148.https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9493.00122 Aguilar, A.G., 1997. Metropolitan growth and labor markets in Mexico. GeoJournal, 43(4), pp.371-383.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006895907459 Ibrahim, M.F. and Leng, S.K., 2003. Shoppers' perceptions of retail developments: suburban shopping centres and night markets in Singapore. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 3(2), pp.176-189.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/palgrave.rlp.5090174 UKEssays. November 2018. Bottom Up Approach Of Urban Planning. [online]. Available from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/environmental-sciences/bottom-up-approach-ofurban-planning-environmental-sciences-essay.php?vref=1 [Accessed 19 October 2020] Williams, Stewart. 2013. The temporary city. Australian Planner. 50. 278-279. 10.1080/07293682.2013.812934. Moudon, A.V., 1997. Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field. Urban morphology, 1(1), pp.3-10. Ekanem, E.O., 1998. The street food trade in Africa: safety and socio-environmental issues. Food Control, 9(4), pp.211-215. Bhowmik, S.K., 2005. Street vendors in Asia: A review. Economic and political weekly, pp.2256-2264. AlSayyad, N., 2004. Urban informality as a ‘new’way of life. Urban Informality: Transnational Perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia, pp.7-30. Dimitra Kanellopoulou,2017. «Walking and standing in Athinas Street: Encountering pedestrian life in Athens’ historical centre», Ambiances Laguerre, M.S., 2016. The informal city. Springer. Saji, B., 2017. Urban food tales: eating spaces and traditional food, Kerala. Golany, G.S. and Ojima, T., 1996. Geo-space urban design. John Wiley & Sons. Gehl, J., 2011. Life between buildings: using public space. Island press. Carmona, M., Heath, T., Tiesdell, S. and Oc, T., 2010. Public places, urban spaces: the dimensions of urban design. Routledge. Jacobs, J., 2016. The death and life of great American cities. Vintage. Bishop, P. and Williams, L., 2012. The temporary city. London: Routledge.
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thank you! Working on difficult project most important to understand sigificant of it
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