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Elk-Skegemog Lakes Association
PURPOSES
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• Promote an understanding and appreciation of the rights of and responsibilities of owners of riparian lands.
• Take such actions as may be necessary or desirable to protect and preserve the environment of the Elk -Skegemog watershed, including connecting lakes, streams, and wetlands.
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• Help solve problems common to the members, involving lake level, water safety, water pollution and indiscriminate or over development of the waterfront which could lead to deterioration of their quality.
• Cooperate and otherwise interact with federal, state, and local government bodies and other organizations concerned with water quality and environmental issues, and to advance their programs to the extent they improve, develop, benefit or serve the area.
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• Conduct periodic scientific tests to quantify the quality of the water in Elk and Skegemog Lakes and their connecting waters. and take necessary actions. Encourage others to take actions which preserve the clean and healthy waters therein.
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• Assist in the acquisition, establishment, maintenance and protection of nature preserves, wilderness, and other protected areas in the general vicinity of Elk and Skegemo g Lakes and their connecting lakes and streams.
INDEX
P2: Photo Gallery
P3: ESLA’s Purposes
P4-5: It Started on Skegemog Point
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P5-6: Ups and Downs of ESLA Water Levels
P6-8: Protecting Water Quality
P9: Fruit Packer Problems
P10: Promoting Greenbelts
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P10-12: Fighting Invasive Species
P12-14: Partners for Progress
P14-15: Loons: ESLA’s Signature Crooner
P15: Rapid River Challenges
P15-16: The Dreaded Swimmers’ “Itch”
P16-17: Fish and Fishing
P17-18: Communicating ESLA’s Story
P18: Water Safety: Avoid Stumps
P19: Three Key Conservation Projects
P19: Advocating for ESLA Waters:
P20: Services for ESLA Members
P21: ESLA’s Future
P22: ESLA Presidents Since 1961
P23: Photo Gallery
This non-profit corporation, Elk-Skegemog Lakes Association, is one of Michigan’s oldest, largest, and most effective lake associations. Its purposes in 1950 were, “An Association of owners abutting Elk, Round, and Torch Lakes for the purpose of maintaining lake levels, protecting and maintaining fishing and hunting facilities, installing and maintaining aids to navigation within said Lakes and for the purpose of promoting community enterprise and development along and upon the areas abutting the Lakes.”
Many changes came after 1950. Round Lake legally became Lake Skegemog in 1959 primarily thanks to Earl Grove who thought there were too many lakes named Round in Michigan. “Skegemog” is an Algonquin word for “meeting of the waters.” Native Americans once waded across the “Narrows” between Elk and Skegemog Lakes on travels from Harbor Springs southward to Cadillac and Mount Pleasant.
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P24: Photo, the Watershed
IT STARTED ON SKEGEMOG POINT
ESLA helped Torch, Clam and Bellaire lakes riparians form the Three Lakes Association in the 1960s. Since then, the groups have worked on many projects together
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After organizational work by D.C. Horton, Russell Bengel, Earl Grove, John Leyhan, and Hilan Pray, articles of incorporation were filed in Lansing on Sept.1, 1950, formalizing the Skegemog Association, forerunner of Elk-Skegemog Lakes Association (ESLA). These men, property owners on Skegemog Point, became the Association’s first officers. Initial membership was Skegemog riparians. There were 15 charter members. But Stan Broome and Mert Schuler successfully broadened membership, to add Elk Lake riparians. By 1951, there were 44 members. On Aug 19, 1961, members changed the name to ElkSkegemog Lakes Association.
Issues of water quality and conservation emerged in the 1970s. Quality of life concerns like boat noise and swimmers itch were prominent in the 1990s Today, ESLA’s focus is controlling the impact of growth and short-term rentals, invasive species, failing septic systems and road end usage. Emerging threats such as invasive plants which overtake native flora, Zebra and Quagga mussels which can overtake the aquatic food chain illustrate how our shrinking world has impacted our waters.
ESLA’s documents have had periodic revisions. Under the leadership of Dick Luecht, major changes to the charter and bylaws were made in
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UPS AND DOWNS OF WATER LEVELS
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1989 to secure federal 501(c)(3) status as a taxexempt not for profit organization. The IRS granted the change in 1990 qualifying dues and gifts to ESLA for a federal income tax write-off. Goals also have been regularly revisited to reflect dynamic challenges facing ESLA.
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The membership has grown from the initial 15 charter members to a high of 766 in 1998 or about 61% of eligible riparians. Since 2000, the percentage of riparian members has ranged from 40%-50%, typical for lake associations. Annual dues grew from $2 to $3 in the 1960s, to $7.50 in the 1970s and to $15 in 1989. Challenge categories also allowed members then to contribute larger amounts from $25 to $100.
The first dam in Elk Rapids was built in 1848 and raised water level 5 feet. A more permanent dam was built to float logs to mills in Elk Rapids in 1851. It raised the level to 8 feet to float logs to mills in Elk Rapids and for steamboat navigation In the next 60 years, the dam was rebuilt and relocated several times, rising to a height of 12-14 feet In 1914, the Elk Rapids Iron Company built a hydroelectric plant on the current site. Operating as the Elk Rapids Power Company, it extended lines outside Elk Rapids and became a regional source of electricity. It was replaced by the Michigan Public Service Company in 1928.
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During the late 1990s, 40-45% of the membership participated in challenges each year. In 2022, dues were changed to a base of $50 with 5 steps up to $1,000. Opportunities to become an ESLA Champion ($5,000) or ESLA Legend ($25,000) were also created. ESLA also has Business Supporters
The present dam was built in the 1920s and bought by the Consumers Power Compan y of Jackson in 1951. Until then, the lakes levels were maintained to meet the needs of power companies. Consumers Power established a water level chart for Elk Lake, Skegemog Lake, and Elk River, which became the basis for future levels. This seasonally fluctuating level has been maintained since 1955, enabling shores to become stabilized, riparians to know what to expect for docks and boat lifts, and boaters to better navigate.
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The Board of Directors has always had 15-20 members. Currently, there are seven standing committees. Until 2010, all activities were conducted by volunteers, including 4-6 high school interns. Beginning in 2010, a contractual administrative position was added and in the summer of 2017 an intern from Northwestern Michigan College worked under contract as a lake biologist. In 2025, these positions have expanded. Samantha Ogle is the Lake Biologist, and Michael Ogle, is the Administrative Assistant.
What has ESLA accomplished in the last 75 years? Highlights, listed by major categories, follow:
In 1966, Consumers Power sold several dams for $1, including Elk Rapids. In February 1967, Antrim County received the deed to the Elk Rapids dam and power generation ended. In June 1969, the Antrim County Board of Supervisors passed a resolution directing “the Prosecuting Attorney to institute a petition in the Circuit Court of Antrim County for the proper proceedings for the determination of proper lake levels in Elk and Skegemog Lakes.” The action languished until 1973 when Charlevoix City Power and Light abandoned its dam in Bellaire. The poor condition of that dam led to the establishment of lake levels by the Antrim County Circuit Court on June 11, 1974. Lake levels were mandated for control by both the Elk Rapids and Bellaire dams, brin ging
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stability to the entire Elk River watershed. The lake levels for Elk and Skegemog are established at 590.8 feet above sea level from April 16- Nov 14, and 590.2 feet from Nov 15 through April 15. Levels are measured at the Elk River dam and the Antrim County Operator of Dams maintains legal lake levels.
PROTECTING WATER QUALITY
As establishing legal lake levels is a hallmark of ESLA’s first 25 years, maintaining and improving water quality is a hallmark of the second quarter century
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An ESLA Board member monitors the level at the dam. In 1985, electric power generation resumed and was distributed by Traverse City Light and Power Co. Since 2007, Antrim County has contracted with a family-owned company to operate the dam. In December 2016, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission renewed the dam’s license through 2045. Mark Stone, then the Antrim County Commissioner of Dams, provided critical leadership, with the assistance of ESLA and other lake associations to gain recertification of the dam by FERC.
From 1965 through 1972, ESLA funded scholarships at Central Michigan University with annual grants up to $800. The program included the analysis of water from the lakes and provided valuable information to the ESLA Board and established a baseline for future efforts. ESLA was instrumental in obtaining use of the Elk Rapids dam building for CMU staff.
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Lake levels fluctuate, primarily because of heavy rainfall, especially if combined with high winds With a watershed of 500 square miles, it can take days to raise the lakes to the legal level. Similarly, it takes time to drop the level to the November target. Riparians have had boats “high and dry” on Halloween.
All lakes go through a process called eutrophication. As a lake ages, nutrients (primarily phosphorus and nitrogen) build up in lake water and bottom sediment. This promotes weed and algae growth. While this growth leads to increased production at all levels of the food chain, it reduces dissolved oxygen in deeper waters. There may be increased fish populations in the early stages of eutrophication, but in the later stages there are few large fish and many small ones.
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Because of extensive flooding in the lakes above the Bellaire dam in 2016, Antrim County supported a hydrology modeling study in 2020 and 2021. The work was conducted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The model replicated the hydraulic and hydrologic conditions in the Elk River Chain of Lakes (ERCOL) watershed. Findings suggest actions that might alleviate flooding.
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Eutrophication would take thousands of years in a natural setting, but human activities in a lake’s watershed often greatly accelerate this “aging” process. In 1974, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) began a program to assess the degree of eutrophication of Michigan’s recreational lakes. It was named the “Self Help Program” because riparian volunteers helped. The purpose was to make trophic status assessments annually, so that over time an estimate could be made of the change and speed of water changes. Results allow sponsoring organizations to take corrective action.
Two measurements in the program assess lake water quality. One examines the concentration of chlorophyl alpha (substance found in algal groups)
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Continued from Page 6) and is expressed in micrograms per liter of water. The other is for clarity using a weighted 8-inch Secchi disc The disc is lowered in the water and the depth where it disappears is recorded. Readings are done at intervals each summer by ESLA members. The DNR eliminated its chlorophyll alpha testing in the mid-1980s, but ESLA volunteers continued testing. The program was revived as the Volunteer Lake Monitoring (VLM) Program when the Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council (TOMWC) services were expanded to cover Antrim County. (See Partners).
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alpha readings during the same period averaged 1.5ug/l in Lake Skegemog and .3 ug/l in Elk Lake. A major effort to supplement monitoring of the lakes began in 1979, a shoreline survey of the easily identifiable algae Cladophora. Its growth depends on factors including phosphorous. The algae attach to logs and rocks on the shoreline and a trained biologist can grade the degree of growth. Excess growth indicates nutrients being added to the water from sources such as lawn fertilizer, leaky septic systems, poor agricultural practices, soil erosion, stormwater runoff and wetland destruction.
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The results from 1990 through 2023 show that on a 100-point scale, Elk Lake’s average scores are in the mid-30s to mid-20s which classifies the lake as oligotrophic, the highest water quality. Lake Skegemog’s scores average in the 40s, making the lake mesotrophic, considered good water quality.
Kayakers have surveyed the shorelines of both lakes. Analysis of results identifies the number of sites where excess Cladophora was found, and from that a Cladophora Status Index (CSI) (area of growth in square feet multiplied by the average filament length in inches) is created. The CSI may be used to rate specific sites or, when totaled, rate the entire lake.
The number of sites on both lakes with Cladophora growth has increased with each survey:
• 1979 - 149
• 1981 - 154
• 1983 - 169
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Secchi disc depths from 1990 through 2023 averaged 18 feet in Elk Lake and 15 feet in Lake Skegemog with no trend lines. Average chlorophyl
• 1988 - 203
• 1994 – 235
Data from 2017 surveys:
Elk Lake
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Lake Skegemog
the feces of humans and other animals. ESLA and other lake groups began combining testing for E. coli with surveys for Cladophora.
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ESLA provides educational materials to owners of positive sites. A program of groundwater testing was begun to identify sources of nutrients at sites identified in the surveys. This has helped concerned riparians implement solutions.
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There have been improvements since many sites that appeared on a previous survey did not appear on subsequent surveys. Some chronic sites have been identified. This indicates the need for continued education for all riparians and a concentrated follow-up with these sites.
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In August 2016, ESLA members surveyed the Maple Harbor shoreline documenting the prevalence of Cladophora and collected water samples for E. coli identification. There was a high correlation between the density of Cladophora and the concentration of E. coli. E. coli was identified in all water samples collected. Some were above the MDEQ standard for “safe” recreational water body contact. Collaboration with Elk Rapids Township and Maple Harbor residents led to installation of a sewer system linked to the Elk Rapids wastewater treatment facility. Subsequent samplings found no or low levels of E coli.
ESLA now routinely identifies “hot spots” of Cladophora and corresponding E. coli testing and follows-up with remediation. In 2022, Elk Rapids and Milton Townships completed the extension of a sewer line from Elk Rapids Village to Kewadin.
Beginning in 2023, ESLA added another water quality assessment plankton sampling. In ESLA’s second year with this program, our Lake Biologist and volunteers collected Phyto- and Zooplankton, tiny plants and animals at the base of the aquatic food chain.
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Two such chronic problem areas were identified, and ESLA worked with homeowners in these areas. One was Miami Beach at the south end of Elk Lake, where the Miami Beach Road Association developed a community sewage disposal system. By 1999, the new system was showing positive results. Over four years, 30 homeowners’ efforts led to success benefiting their community and all riparians
The second area was Maple Harbor at the northwest corner of Elk Lake. Maple Harbor has about 35 relatively older homes and septic systems. In 1997, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ)1 established water quality standards for public beaches based on water sampling for E. coli, a bacteria found in
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1 MDEQ was formed in 1995 by splitting the environmental activities from MDNR.
They sampled in spring, summer and fall in Elk and Skegemog Lakes and the Torch River. Monitoring plankton populations helps ESLA see food chain trends. ESLA’s 2022 confirmation of invasive, plankton gorging Quagga mussels is a huge concern. (see Invasive Species)
FRUIT PROCESSOR PROBLEMS
At different times during its 75 years, ESLA has taken on major opponents to achieve water protection. The best example is the Elk Rapids Packing Company/Burnette Foods. Beginning in 1957, a member addressed ESLA’s board about recurring wastes directly put into the Elk River each summer during cherry product processing by the company. During the next seven years, the member documented the problem and the meager governmental efforts to remedy the situation.
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environmental permits attributed 2,583 violations to Burnette’s Elk Rapids facility between 2015 and November 2022. Clearly, the MDEQ (the state agency that took over MDNR’s environmental work) was monitoring Burnette operations but was unable to effect remedies. In June 2023, ESLA, the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay (WCGTB) and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (GTB) jointly filed suit against Burnette Foods under provisions of the U.S. Clean Water Act and Michigan Environmental Protection Act.
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In 1964, ESLA Board members pressured the State to take tests during the production season, not before or after the season as had been the practice. In 1971, the more complete, accurate testing led the MDNR to require the company to develop a system for secondary biologic treatment of its wastes.
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Improvements were made. A safety dyke was made higher, two gate valves were added, screening improved, and spraying capacity was increased. In 1976, some success was achieved, and the cherry pits, skins, and production odors were kept out of the water for the first time in decades.
Our biologists documented high levels of E. coli and low levels of dissolved oxygen in Spencer Creek. And a tribal biologist who has sampled more than 200 streams in Michigan for conductivity (a pollution indicator) had never seen a finding as high as he found in Spencer Creek. ESLA witnesses and consultants have documented unnatural foam, odors, and colors in Spencer Creek. As of June 2025, the suit remains ongoing with a settlement conference scheduled for July 2025. Burnette is adding new, large lagoons for managing waste
Other examples of ESLA opposing potential harm in the ESLA watershed are:
• Clear-cutting wetlands
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In 1985, ESLA again was involved with the company, Antrim County, and the MDNR in addressing apparent excessive runoff of wastewater into Elk Lake’s Spencer Bay. In 1991, Burnette was cited by the MDNR for runoff violations from the inappropriate and overspraying of production wastewater. While improvements periodically occurred, annual runoff into Elk Lake from Spencer Creek continued.
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The MiEnviro portal created by the MDEQ in 2015 to electronically track compliance with
2 Multiple off lake parcels share a single lake front parcel
• Fracking
• Funneling2
• Subdivision development
• Road end usage
• Torch River Marina expansion
• RV park development at Torch River
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION – Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
PROMOTING GREENBELTS
FIGHTING INVASIVE SPECIES
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ESLA began in the 1990s promoting natural shorelines over grass lawns to the water’s edge. Natural shorelines are also called “greenbelts” or ‘buffer zones.” Evidence of the effectiveness of plantings at the lakeshore was well-established by Michigan State University and many environmental organizations by the early 2000s. More guidance was available to lake associations to promote greenbelts.
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In 2010, ESLA Board members participated with TOMWC and MDEQ in developing the Shoreland Stewards video series allowing riparians to rate their own shorelines and learn how to improve them.
At the turn of the century, invasive species became a major focus of northern Michigan lake associations. Like the lamprey and alewife invasions of the Great Lakes in decades past, increasing numbers of invasive aquatic life and plants made their way into inland lakes. While much blame is placed on the dumping of ballast from foreign freighters in the Great Lakes, the spread of invasives to and between inland lakes often occurs as they “hitchhike” on boats and trailers.
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Since 2010, several shoreline surveys have been supported by ESLA to document individual riparian properties with natural shorelines. Early surveys were made by biologists in kayaks. In 2021, ESLA used a drone, launched from a boat by its operator. These surveys have provided a baseline of information and the ability to track changes over time.
Beginning in the 2020s, our Lake Biologist has done on-site consultations with riparians interested in improving their shorelines with plantings of natural flora. She has also conducted workshops for riparians and landscape contractors to promote natural shorelines.
Zebra mussels were first identified in Elk Lake in the early 2000s. Quagga mussels were identified in 2022 when ESLA teamed with Northwestern Michigan College researchers in a deep-water survey in Elk Lake, using sophisticated electronics. Mussels eat by filtering phytoplankton from water. Phytoplankton is at the bottom of the aquatic food chain. Take them away and living things higher in the food chain like fish are threatened. The prevalence of Zebra mussels appears to have peaked around 2015. At this time, there are no mussel control strategies available to lake associations, other than encouraging boaters to follow a state law requiring that boats transported between waters be properly cleaned.
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ESLA has worked with the five townships in its watershed to include greenbelt provisions in zoning ordinances. Beginning in the early 2000s, an increasing number of lakefront homes were being razed, and new property owners were making changes to their shorelines. Milton Township added a provision to its greenbelt ordinance requiring that any change includes a natural shoreline if one did not exist.
Two other invasive aquatics in ESLA waters are the round goby and the rusty crayfish. The round goby was first identified in Elk Lake in 2021. The rusty crayfish probably was established for years. Both may out-compete native species for food and habitat. Gobies attack fish nests, eating their eggs.
Eurasian Water Milfoil (EWM) is native to Europe and Asia and was first documented in North America in the 1940s. It has been identified in ERCOL waters, primarily in shallow bayous or bays. Eurasian water milfoil causes problems for
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Fighting Invasives Continued ) the ecosystem and boaters. It tolerates low temperatures and grows earlier each year than other aquatic plants, quickly forming dense underwater stands of tangled stems and vast mats of vegetation reaching the water’s surface. EWM displaces and reduces native aquatic plant diversity needed for a healthy fishery. Infestations can impair water quality due to dissolved oxygen depletion as thick stands die and decay.
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In 2006, invasive Phragmites became prevalent along Lake Michigan shores of Milton and Torch Lake Townships. Extensive and expensive efforts were made to eliminate it. There is also a native subspecies common in the ERCOL watershed. The invader is more aggressive in its growth and if left untreated, dense stands will spread relatively quickly along the shorelines, reducing access to recreational activities and impacting lakefront views. It also can damage natural greenbelts by forcing out other plant life
ESLA surveyed its waters in 2009 and identified only the native subspecies of Phragmites. Subsequent surveys identified the invasive subspecies in 2024. Stands were identified and will be addressed in 2025
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A survey in 2011 found no EWM in ESLA waters. In 2014, EWM was identified in the Torch Bayou. And in 2015, EWM was also found in water at Cottage Cove and Rex Terrace. All three sites are confined bays or harbors. EWM chemical treatment was begun in 2015 and continues as needed. ESLA vigilantly surveys to identify new EWM beds.
Purple Loosestrife (PL) is an invasive wetland plant that is beautiful, but a major threat. Imported in the 1800s from Eurasia for ornamental and medicinal uses, its prolific reproduction may allow the plants to crowd out all others.
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PL can be identified by its purple flowers which bloom from June to September. It has square woody stalks 4-7 feet high. Leaves are heart or lance shaped, and flowers have five to seven petals. Due to the long flowering season, PL plants can produce millions of seeds each year. Plants also send shoots from their roots. The underground stems can grow up to a foot each season.
In 2025, ESLA’s aquatic plant surveys will be conducted with submersible cameras. Several members have reported changes in “weed beds” in ESLA lakes ESLA’s Lake Biologist uses the cameras to record and identify prevalence of different plant species. This data provides a baseline for documenting change.
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PL was first identified in the ESLA watershed in 2017. Control measures have been primarily by mechanical (shovel and hand) harvesting. In 2020, there were 50 sites of PL on Elk Lake and in 2024 only 15 required actions. A large infestation was identified in 2024 in the Skegemog Natural Area. A multi-year treatment plan has been developed.
Over the last decade, ESLA has developed and installed signage at launch sites informing boaters about invasive species and encouraging them to properly wash and drain their boats and trailers between launches. ESLA has participated with TOMWC in sponsoring weekend boat washing demonstrations at launch sites in the ESLA watershed. With ESLA encouragement Whitewater Township has included a permanent washing station in the renovation of its waterfront park.
Golden Brown Algae (GBA) is a mystery yet to be solved. First described in 2010 by Tom Yokum, ESLA lake biologist as “creeping brown crud.” GBA presented a change in the color of benthic layers (lake bottom) of Elk and Skegemog lakes.
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION – Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
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Lab analysis found GBA was not toxic but unsightly. GBA density shifts from one area of a lake to another each year. Many other developed lakes in northern Michigan have GBA as well. ESLA collaborated with the Three Lakes Association in early studies aimed at explaining changes in the benthic algae. The Torch Lake Protection Alliance (TLPA) is leading an effort to test the many hypotheses.
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PARTNERING FOR PROGRESS
Initially, the Elk-Skegemog Lakes Association had only a few partners in the state, a few in the region, and only government locally. During the next 75 years, the playing field became crowded with other organizations with similar goals, and this has changed the way ESLA gathers information, conducts business, and influences outcomes.
of the ERCOL watershed. Many ESLA members helped form the council. The Three Lakes Association and the Upper Intermediate Chain of Lakes were also early members along with 30 municipalities, and other key organizations and individuals. The council conducted educational programs, monitored oil and gas drilling, and was instrumental in the development of the Skegemog Lake Wildlife Area and the Grass River Natural Area.
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In 1950, there were other lake associations in the state, but no statewide body. In 1962, 40 inland lake associations met in Lansing and formed the Michigan Lakes and Streams Association (ML&SA). ES LA was instrumental in launching the new statewide body. The first issues identified for the group were 1) aquatic plant control, 2) water quality, 3) lake level control, 4) beach and shoreline improvement and 5) poor fishing. ESLA and other lake associations shared these issues. ESLA has been a member of ML&SA since that time, sharing experiences, and learning from other organizations. The Michigan Waterfront Alliance (MWA) is another statewide organization ESLA has joined. MWA magnifies the power of lake associations with state legislative issues.
In 1979, The Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council (TOMWC) was formed by a group of lake associations from Cheboygan, Charlevoix, and Emmet Counties, with assistance from the University of Michigan Biological Station. The Station had been performing grant -funded environmental testing in these counties for many years, but the grants ceased in the late 1970s. In 1990, the council members voted to expand their coverage and include Antrim County and the Elk River Watershed. ESLA became an active member. Many ESLA members have served on the TOMWC Board of Directors and as officers.
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TOMWC has substantial funding from various sources including government and foundation grants, association memberships, and individual memberships. They have full-time staff that are experts in many environmental issues. ESLA may contract services such as the Cladophora and shoreline surveys and access their resources on specific issues. TOMWC has developed model ordinances for zoning and water quality issues that ESLA has used in working with our five townships. TOM is a valuable partner of ESLA, able to do things for us that we could not do ourselves.
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In 1969, the Elk River Watershed Council was formed, hoping a broad approach to environmental and conservation issues would benefit all segments
In 1990, the Grand Traverse Bay Watershed Initiative was formed as an informal organization with 115 partners including ESLA. The
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
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(Partnering for Progress Continued) organization received grant funding in 1993 to acquire computer modeling programs to predict the effect of growth and land use variables on water quality and other environmental issues. In 1995, the initiative evolved to the Watershed Center Grand Traverse Bay (WCGTB) as a nonprofit environmental organization. Its focus is to protect the water quality of Grand Traverse Bay. Since 60 percent of the Bay’s watershed is the Elk River Chain of Lakes watershed, the goals and objectives of the organizations are interdependent. Grant funding acquired by the WCGTB has directly supported ESLA projects over the last 30 years.
• Battle Creek Natural Area
• Maplehurst Natural Area
• Torch River Ridge Nature Preserve
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• Milton Township Waterfront Park
• Seven Bridges Natural Area
In October 1995, ESLA joined other associations and local governments to sign the Elk River Chain of Lakes Watershed Management Plan. The plan, supplemented by an EPA grant, provided coordination and direction for water quality protection for the 26 bodies of water in the Elk River Watershed.
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In 1991, the Grand Traverse Regional Land Conservancy (GTRLC) was formed and the new Executive Director, Glenn Chown, made a presentation to ESLA’s annual meeting in August 1992. With an initial grant of $50,000 from the Rotary Charities, the organization began a program to serve four counties, including Antrim, with the goal to balance growth and change in the region with land protection. Many ESLA members have become board members, active contributors and supporters of GTRLC.
The Network of Lake Associations (NOLA) was formed in 1997 with a funding commitment from 12 lake associations from northern lower Michigan, including ESLA. The issues NOLA addressed included:
• Swimmers itch research
• Eurasian Water Milfoil control
• Personal watercraft legislation
• Gas and oil exploration in the Elk River Watershed
• Advising DNR on regulations for public access sites
• Model ordinances for road end use
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In May 1995, the ESLA Board approved a gift to GTRLC to help preserve the Kewadin Wetland. ESLA also led a fund drive for a matching $5,000. The goal was to purchase 28 acres to supplement a family gift of 13 acres.
GTRLC has been responsible for establishing and enhancing 10 properties totaling over 5,000 acres in the ESLA Watershed:
• Kewadin Wetlands Nature Sanctuary
• North Skegemog Nature Sanctuary
• Palastra-Holm Nature Sanctuary
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• South Elk Lake Wetland Nature Preserve
• Skegemog Lake Wildlife Area
NOLA was dissolved and in 2011 a new organization formed of the lake associations of ERCOL and their partners. It became known as the Watershed Plan Implementation Team (WPIT). Leadership is shared by TOMWC and WCGTB. WPIT aims to accomplish goals and objectives of the ERCOL Watershed Management Plan approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2022. Besides lake associations, membership includes government representatives, Torch Lake Protection Alliance, Antrim and Kalkaska Conservation Districts, Grass River Natural Area, Paddle Antrim, Green ER, GTRLC
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION – Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Partnering for Progress Continued) and the Torch Conservation Center. The group meets quarterly
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In 1998, ESLA developed a partnership with the Grand Traverse Regional Community Foundation to establish an endowment. Initial gifts from ESLA members were $14,000 in 1999. At the beginning of 2025, the fund had $183,460. Contributions are permanent and exclusively for the benefit of ESLA, which uses the annual interest payment from the endowment to fund projects. The more the endowment grows the greater the interest payment annually.
agency related to water and the environment. ESLA interacts with its employees as issues arise. ESLA works closely with MDNR on matters related to our fishery and boating issues.
As gleaned from the above, ESLA is operating in a more complex environment than even a decade ago. New partnerships require a commitment to thoughtful participation and representation.
LOONS: ESLA’S SIGNATURE CROONER
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ESLA has had one set of partners from the beginning of its activities, the representatives of the various governments that we rely on for assistance. ESLA lakes are located within three counties, five townships, and one village. Major projects require their cooperation, and it is often left to ESLA to coordinate combined efforts between jurisdictions. On occasion, ESLA has had to oppose a governmental partner. In 1958, ESLA took a hard stance against a proposal to include a boat lift from the then proposed Elk Rapids Harbor to Elk River. Many feel that our stance led to the defeat of that proposal and thus has offered greater protection against unwanted invasives from East Bay.
Loons and their melodic, if sorrowful voices, are often thought of as the symbol of the wild north. A loon is depicted on ESLA’s logo to convey our connection to nature and its inhabitants.
In 2011, ESLA became an active partner with the Chain of Lakes Loon Network. The network had been active in the lakes of the northern chain, especially Lake Bellaire and Intermediate Lake for years. It aims to promote and protect the nesting of loons in the ERCOL watershed.
The first efforts on Elk and Skegemog were to learn how many pairs of loons exist, where their natural nesting areas are located, how many chicks are produced, how many are banded and whether the same pairs return to the same nesting sites each year. Nine ESLA members volunteered to undertake these activities.
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Much of ESLA’s work involves state government, especially the regulatory environmental agencies. Prior to 1995, the primary environmental agency was the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). In 1995, the environmental responsibilities of the organization were split off to form the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ).
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In 2019, the organization was renamed the Department of Environment, Great Lakes and Energy (EGLE). EGLE is the primary permitting
During 2012, pairs of loons on the Torch Bayou and Lake Skegemog successfully raised chicks on their natural nests. But the three to five loon pairs identified on Elk Lake had not been successful at nesting and producing chicks. In the early spring of 2013, ESLA members worked with members of the Elk Rapids Middle School Science Club to create and place three nesting platforms (ANP) on Elk Lake.
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Loons, ESLA’s Signature Crooner Continued)
In 2014, the network reported 80 loons sighted in the ERCOL watershed with 24 nesting pairs. The pairs on the Torch Bayou and Lake Skegemog continued to be productive and Elk Lake had four nesting pairs with chicks produced on two of the artificial platforms installed in 2013. Since the annual installation of ANPs the loon population in the ESLA watershed has been constant with one pair on Torch Bayou, two on Lake Skegemog and three on Elk Lake. While not all six pairs successfully produce chicks every year, most do. Association members remain active in support of our loons by placing ANPs, monitoring their populations and posting signage at boat launch sites that encourage awareness and avoiding nests.
and impacts of sediment deposition in the two rivers.
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With $25,000 in grants, ESLA and TLA partnered with TOMWC, WCGTB, GT Tribe and researchers from Michigan State University and New York University to conduct detailed measurements in the rivers’ watersheds.
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Suggestion: As the sun sets on a quiet summer night, sit on your dock, close your eyes, and listen to the concert of loons, geese and ducks and be reminded how lucky you are to be in their realm.
RAPID RIVER CHALLENGES
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In 2011, ESLA was approached by a newly formed group, the Friends of Rapid River, who wished to join ESLA. The ESLA Board approved the addition of Rapid River riparians (300) from Torch River to Rugg Pond as a part of ESLA’s Zone E.
Annually, about 4,000 tons of sediment reach Rapid City, 3,000 tons reach Aarwood Bridge, and 1,000 tons reach the Torch River. Rugg Pond was found to no longer be a sediment trap for the Upper Rapid and Little Rapid segments flowing into Rugg Pond. Detailed reports of these studies are on the ESLA website. Dredging is not a feasible solution.
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The major concerns regarding the Rapid River are the safety and long-term viability of the dam on Rugg Pond and continuing sediment deposition especially from Aarwood bridge to Torch River. That stretch has become very shallow and much wider over time and has limited boating. At the same time, discussion in WPIT meetings revealed the TLA had the same concerns about the growing sediment and reduced navigability of the Grass River. It was agreed that ESLA and TLA would jointly conduct studies to document the sources
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Large woody debris has been installed in the Grass River on public land to alter the flow of water to better carry sediment downstream. ESLA has worked with the Kalkaska County Road Commission to make improvements at river crossings. ESLA also made recommendations to better handle stormwater runoff during reconstruction of the Aarwood bridge. ESLA volunteers semiannually monitor Rapid River health by collecting macroinvertebrates. The numbers and species allow a rating of the health of a river. Lower reaches remain poor, while upstream from Seven Bridges remains good.
The Rapid and Grass River project was a great example of collaboration. It resulted in a deep foundation for future actions. In May 2025, EGLE awarded $1 million to Kalkaska County to support removal of the Rugg Pond dam to “manage excessive sediment and restore the river.”
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION – Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
THE DREADED SWIMMERS’ ITCH
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Nearly since its inception, ESLA had been concerned about swimmers’ itch and the discomfort it causes many lake users. The association has conducted surveys to better understand the problem.
With scientific laboratory advances in the early 2000s, new tools became available to better understand the nuances of the swimmers’ itch life cycle.
Mergansers. Our 2019 research showed twice as many geese on our lakes in 2019 as 2018.
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Although ESLA was not able to arrive at a means of preventing SI through the removal of hosts or disrupting the life cycle by other means, we learned much about how humans may reduce their risk. Practical advice is found on ESLA’s website at - https://elk-skegemog.org/swimmers-itch/
FISH AND FISHING
In 2018 and 2019, ESLA hired Freshwater Solutions, LLC (FWS) to collect data as complaints from our riparians were increasing. In 2018, data gathering was required to apply for a permit from the state to trap and relocate Common Mergansers – an approach reported as successful in other northern Michigan lakes.
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Improved fishing success on Elk and Skegemog Lakes has always been an ESLA goal. During the 1950s, hundreds of brush shelters were built and placed in the lakes by members to improve fish habitat. At that time, the then MDNR paid the Association $7 for each shelter placed.
In 2019, ESLA also contracted with Swimmer’s Itch Solutions (SIS) to trap and relocate Common Merganser broods. SIS removed four broods from Elk Lake that summer and benefits were expected within two years They weren’t and ESLA abandoned that approach.
The SI life cycle in northern Michigan previously had been linked only to Common Mergansers and the Stagnicola snail. Based on their research, FWS concluded there was a new contributor, tiny SIcausing worms (cercariae) that used Helisoma snails and Canada geese as their hosts.
In the distant past, attempts to develop weed beds often led members to do things we would now consider outrageous. At one time, 13 car bodies were dumped in the water. Around the same time, ESLA’S board voted to buy TWO TONS of fertilizer to dump near the brush shelters and cars to encourage weed growth. With approval of the MDNR, burlap bags of horse manure and weighted with rocks were deposited in the lake for the same purpose. Those days are gon e.
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FWS also found significantly more Helisoma snails in some northern Michigan lakes in 2019 than in 2018. Research on Elk and Skegemog lakes in 2019 supported similar findings our lakes have some of the highest cercariae levels among northern Michigan lakes, even though we do not have large numbers of Common
Since the 1990s, ESLA members have worked closely with the MDNR to advocate fish planting and fish and creel surveys. Beginning in 2019 through 2024, MDNR has planted about 300,000 5-9” brown trout in Elk Lake. Unfortunately, few browns have been caught since then, though an ice angler caught an 8-lb brown on Skegemog in 2025.
In 2024, MDNR planted 8” -11” Great Lakes muskellunge in Lake Skegemog, which has excellent spawning habitat and has produced many 50+” muskies through the years.
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Fish and Fishing Continued)
Skegemog reaches a (depth up 29 feet with an average of 11 feet. At times, it has excellent panfish and smallmouth bass fishing. Elk Lake is very different, reaching a depth of nearly 200 feet and having an average depth of 67 feet. It’s colder and has far fewer weed beds. At times, it produces good catches of smallmouth and perch and the occasional walleye. Its deeper waters have produced excellent catches of lake trout, though in recent years far fewer. Rainbow trout fishing has declined since the MDNR stopped its plantings after 2008
ESLA provides periodic updates on the fishery that may be found on its website. There is also much valuable reference material there on fish and how to catch them!
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COMMUNICATING ESLA’S STORY
Among ESLA’s critical functions is keeping members and non-members informed about the association’s work, gatherings and functions, including how riparians can best do their part to maintain healthy lakes. In recent years, ESLA’s approach to accomplish this has evolved.
From 1991 through 1993, ESLA members built and placed 125 fish shelters with hardwood branches and trimmings, wired to cement blocks, transported to the shoreline of consenting riparians, boated to the appropriate site, and dropped to the lake bottom
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A similar effort was made between 2012 and 2014. Volunteers from ESLA and lake associations through the chain of lakes built dozens of fish “shelters” that are now placed in Elk, Torch, Clam, Bellaire and Intermediate lakes.
For most of the last 75 years, the ESLA Newsletter has been the primary means of communication. It was begun by Forrest Smith in 1961 with two printed editions published each year. As ES LA assisted the Three Lakes Association in its formative years, TLA was included in the newsletter.
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At that time, 15 shelters were placed in Elk Lake, each with three structures and all located from the Narrows northward. Eight are on the west shore and seven on the east shore. You can find their locations on ESLA’s website: https://elkskegemog.org/fish-shelter-project-overview/. Skegemog was not considered for shelters because it has an abundance of logs, stumps and areas with aquatic plants that draw fish. The structures are made from natural materials and are designed to attract smaller baitfish and crayfish that, in turn, attract larger fish primarily bass, perch and various panfish. They’re a great place to take young anglers. The predominant catch will likely be rock bass, which can grow up to a foot long.
From the end of Smith’s tenure, 1966 through 1980, the editors were June Janis, Mary Githens, John Royal, Nancy Brink, and Nancy Hartshorn. After them, Mary Lou Koenig, Bill Gast, and Dan Leskinen were in charge. Dean Ginther, a former board president, took over in 2006, and since 2023, Dean has focused on presentation and Bob Campbell has edited all copy The number of editions increased to four during the 1970s and then dropped to three annual issues in 1994. The newsletter quality grew with advances of desktop publishing and with the complexities of the issues facing ESLA. Besides updates on ESLA’s activities, the newsletter often informed its readers about issues like:
• Pending legislation - who to write
• New regulations regarding boating, fishing, snowmobiling, and soil erosion
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION – Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Communicating ESLA’s story Continued)
• Boating and swimming safety
• Nature - the habits of swans, loons, fish, porcupines, and fudgies
topic/speaker featured for each.
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• Riparian rights
• Swimmers itch
• Foam on the lakes - what it is
• Environmentally friendly products - what to buy and where to buy it
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• Landscaping - do no harm
• Water softeners
• Shoreline protection
• New threats – Zebra and Quagga mussels
• Emerging zoning and lake use issues
• Community/governmental issues
• Septic tank maintenance
• Community events
• Recycling
• Asphalt sealers
• Legal issues
Since 2022, these events have moved to the pavilion at the Elk Rapids Edward C. Grace Harbor and all ESLA members are invited.
WATER SAFETY: AVOIDING STUMPS
When ESLA began in 1950, it was determined to install and maintain aids to navigation. This was done without concern about insurance or liabilities. ESLA members made buoys and installed them in river channels to mark entrances and waterways.
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Since 2020, ESLA has expanded its presence on Facebook and has published regular email blasts. Beginning in 2024, ESLA published only one printed newsletter to save on costs and published two emailed newsletters and nearly monthly emailed “blasts” with up-to-date information.
Some Torch River riparians didn’t like the increased boat traffic, and many buoys mysteriously disappeared.
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In 2004, ESLA established its website ElkSkegemog.org and it has been improved and updated, most recently in early 2024, when far more content was added including a photo gallery
In 2009, “town halls” were scheduled throughout that summer for outreach. The same thinking led to the launch of “It’s a Shore Thing” in 2016. These are social/informational gatherings in the warm weather months. For the first few years, only members in a single zone were invited to attend a Shore Thing at the Twisted Fish Art Gallery. There were 5-6 held each summer for different member groups with a different
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ESLA wanted to improve the navigation aids and make an official and lasting change. But inquiries to county, state, and federal authorities were met with concerns about cost and liability. Lawyers cautioned ESLA’s board members that if they took responsibility for marking the channel with navigation buoys, they could be held legally liable if boaters had accidents. ESLA then undertook the annual task of marking the channel with stump hazard buoys. An MDNR permit was granted for this purpose
At about the same time, ESLA provided funds to assist the village of Elk Rapids in improving safety in the Elk River channel.
In 2023, ESLA renewed its permit with the MDNR for placement and seasonal removal of buoys marking stumps and other hazards in the Torch River. Since these hazards move around, suddenly reappear, some markers are lost. Diligence is required to maintain them and resurvey each spring.
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
(Communicating ESLA’s story Continued)
ESLA regularly publishes newsletter articles on boating safety, sponsors county sheriff boating classes for young operators, and financially supports marine patrol training. It has also worked with the Coast Guard Auxiliary to provide boat inspections.
THREE KEY CONSERVATION SAVES
caretaking of the Skegemog Lake Wildlife Area.
ADVOCATING FOR ESLA WATERS
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Although most of ESLA’s work has a relationship to conservation, three projects deserve mention.
Sand Lakes Quiet Area
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ESLA fully supported and worked with state officials to have the Sand Lakes Quiet Area established in 1973. Some 2800 acres of state forest land were set aside in Kalkaska and Grand Traverse Counties and are closed to all but foot, ski, and bike traffic. It was the first quiet area so designated in Michigan.
The Grass River Natural Area
Constant interpretation and a watchdog mentality regarding actions that would impair riparian rights or jeopardize the quality of our lakes have been paramount during ESLA’s 75 years.
The association works to keep on top of proposed laws and rules, offering comments to legislators, boards, and commissioners on behalf of members. ESLA occasionally asks members to help influence a debate.
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The ESLA board also occasionally offers input on proposals before legislative or regulatory bodies. This has been enhanced through partnership development.
But while much of the effort is reactive, the association is proactive, especially with township and county officials.
Success is more likely as members sometimes serve in other capacities in local government. Also helpful is the collaboration between TOMWC and ESLA in developing model ordinances across the region, making it more likely to get consistent township approaches.
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This river connects Clam and Bellaire lakes and is a natural wildlife habitat with nearly 2300 acres. The prime movers to establish the area were the Three Rivers Association and the Elk River Watershed Council. ESLA was an important key to the venture’s success. The area is continually improving opportunities to experience a unique resource. Guided programs are available to the public
The Skegemog Lake Wildlife Area
This area is at the south and east shores of Lake Skegemog from the end of Hoiles Road to the mouth of Torch River. It has about 3300 acres with 7.2 miles of uninterrupted shoreline. There is a linear trail along a closed railroad track. ESLA has supported the trail, financially and through member efforts, since the project began in the 1970s. For years, former ESLA board member Dave Hauser provided ESLA leadership for and
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ESLA has long history of riparian help
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Over the last 50 years, the Association has provided or arranged for unique services for its members. In the 1970s, the association bought equipment to aid members in permanently marking their belongings – Operation Identification. It was successful and continued for several years.
ESLA sponsored two programs in 1997: Soil testing to provide guidance for lakeside turf care And the Home – A – Syst program - a property survey to determine what changes or corrections should be made to ensure long-term groundwater protection.
new riparian parcel owners, their welcome letters include a link to the materials. During the 2010s, ESLA conducted an annual photo contest among members which resulted in the juried winners being included in an ESLA calendar sold in local stores. Over the years ESLA donated funds to local efforts in addition to those already cited:
• Courtesy boat docks in the Elk Rapids upper harbor
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In 1991, ESLA published, Living in Our Lakeside Environment – A Guideline for Riparians. This widely recognized booklet was revised in 2004. As a WPIT project, the content was digitally reformatted in 2024 with links to source materials and placed on the WCGTB website. As ERCOL lake associations, including ESLA, reach out to
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• Paddle Antrim projects
• Milton Township Waterfront Park
• Expansion of the Rotary Park boat launch in Elk Rapids
In 2023, ESLA began offering 2-hour, environmentally focused boat rides on Elk Lake for ESLA members. Pontoons were furnished by Elk Rapids Marina on Elk Lake as a courtesy to ESLA. The marina also includes an annual ESLA paid membership for all of its roughly 100 slip patrons.
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ELK-SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION – Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
ELK SKEGEMOG LAKES ASSOCIATION - Seventy Five Years of Stewardship
We’re not going anywhere!
Imagining ESLA’s Future
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As we reflect on ESLA ’s 75- year legacy, we recognize the dedication that has preserved our lakes and environment. Looking ahead, the challenges may evolve, but our core mission remains unchanged protecting water quality, managing growth responsibly, and educating future stewards.
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Climate change introduces real, unpredictable impacts, warmer waters, changes in ice cover and precipitation, and shifts in native and invasive species. The changes could disrupt entire ecosystems, from plankton to top predators, and affect the vegetation and species that define our region.
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ESLA’ s decades of monitoring provide essential data to guide proactive solutions and inform collaboration with political and environmental partners. Sound zoning, protection of wetlands and woodlands, septic system oversight, and shoreline buffer rules must remain priorities.
Succession is another concern. As riparian property owners age, the next generation may hold different values. To preserve our mission, ESLA must expand its educational focus reaching not only homeowners but also developers, builders, teachers, policymakers, and, especially, K–12 students. Instilling environmental stewardship early is essential.
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ESLA’ s success relies on three pillars: leadership, volunteers, and funding. Boosting community and riparian engagement, strengthening our presence, growing our base, and pursuing grants will be vital. The organization must better communicate its value and broaden its support.
While the future holds uncertainty, ESLA’ s history shows we are up to the challenge. By investing in people, technology, and partnerships, we can continue to preserve and protect these precious resources toward 2050 and beyond.
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ESLA Presidents 1961 - 2025
1961- 1962 Paul Hubner; 1962 - 1964 Frank McCellan
1964 - 1966 Roy V. Winters; 1966 - 1968 Bert Wagner
1968 - 1970 Sam Vance; 1970 - 1971 Joe Fleming
1971 - 1973 Ken Mapes; 1973 - 1975 Milford Kerry
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1975 - 1977 Robert P. Briggs; 1977 - 1981 Mark Sammon
1981 - 1983 James Lawrence Sr.; 1983 - 1985 Charles Peterson
1985 - 1987 Stanley Holzhauer; 1987 - 1989 Richard Luecht
1989 - 1991 Lou Wood; 1991 - 1993 Jean Lawrence
1993 - 1995 Ed Krigbaum; 1995 - 1997 Bob Bremer
1997 - 2000 Teri Hoyt; 2000 - 2001 Don DeMott
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2001 - 2004 Al Wagner; 2004 - 2006 Mary Anne Rivers
2006 - 2008 Dean Ginther; 2008 - 2010 Peter DiMercurio
2010 - 2013 Robert Kingon; 2013 - 2014 Kent Reynolds
2014 - 2017 Ruth Bay; 2017 - 2019 Gary Chenoweth
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2019 - 2021 Mary Beth Kazanski; 2021 - 2024 Bob Campbell
2024 –2026 George Seifried
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ABOUT THIS BOOK
Author Bob Kingon; Editor Bob Campbell; Cover design Dean Ginther; Photo credits: Steve Jessmore; Dean Ginther; Bob Campbell; Doug Warner and William Covington.
