BA2 Technologies Part A+B Case File
Misheel Altan-Erdene
MMU ID: 20103464
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Line and Space, 2008
SITE CLIMATE ANALYSIS
• hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh)
• long, extremely hot summers and short, mild winters
• one of the world’s sunniest regions: 3,872 hours of bright sunshine/year
• on average 107 days annually with a high of at least 38°C including most days from late May through early October
The city averages approximately 300 days of sunshine, or over 85% of daylight hours, per year, and receives scant rainfall―the average annual total at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport is 8.03 in (204 m).
These features of the climate require from the architects to consider the methods of shading closely as well as come up with solutions aimed to limit the usage/waste of water, which is a limited resource on a desert.
WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
The responsible management of water, a scarce resource in the desert, is critical.
• An integral gutter collects rainwater from the 37,000-ft2 roof; the water is stored in the adjacent lake and used for irrigating the 40acre park.
• Water from patio and foundation drains is piped to trees surrounding the library, and condensate from rooftop mechanical units is used to irrigate the vegetated island of the new parking lot
• Automatic irrigation system distributes harvested water to drought-tolerant trees and shrubs. The irrigation controller allows for seasonal programming, lowering water use by over 50%.
• Low-flow toilets, waterless urinals, and faucets with sensors reduce indoor water use by 30%, compared with a conventional building.
MATERIALITY
Concrete masonry, steel and aluminium were selected for their clean appearance, durability, low maintenance, ability to be recycled and local availability. These materials coupled with the open plan design allows for long-term flexibility and adaptability over time, increasing the service life of the project. Minimal use of interior partitions in public areas allows for easy modifications to shelving and furnishing layouts as the Library grows and changes to accommodate future needs. Total post-consumer or post-industrial recycled content exceeds 10%.
DAYLIGHTING & SOLAR CONTROL STRATEGIES
• Orientation: glazing at the north and south of the building allows natural daylight to fill interior space. The west elevation is designed with no windows to mitigate direct solar heat gain, reducing demand on the mechanical system. Deep overhangs over all windows protect from the harsh desert summer sun.
• Shade/Transition: Overhangs extend the usability of outdoor spaces by providing shade over seating and gathering areas as well as a zone of thermal and visual transi-tion from the hot, bright exterior to interior space. Site paving is kept to a minimum and shaded by major building overhangs and native Palo Verde, reducing the heat is-land effect.
• Natural Daylighting: daylighting in public and staff areas minimizes the use of conven-tional lighting and provides occupants with a connection to the surrounding out-doors.
The building is split into zones for heating and cooling, each with its own thermostat and controls. Ventilation is provided through the mechanical system even when the cooling is turned off, and supply air is filtered and monitored for carbon dioxide. The exhaust air from the building is used to temper an outdoor patio, making it usable for more of the year.
Within the stack and reading areas, an open layout coupled with north and south window walls provide daylight to more than 75% of the space and views to the outdoors. Task lighting is provided in locations where higher lighting levels may be necessary.
Sanwell Office Building
Welshpool, Western Australia
Braham Architects, 2014
SITE CLIMATE ANALYSIS
· Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa)
· hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters
· hottest month of the year: February (average high of 31.6 °C)
· coldest month of the year: July (average low of 7.9 °C)
· 77% of rain in falls between May and September
· The sunniest capital city in Australia: average of 8.8 hours of sunshine per day, about 3,200 hours of annual sunshine and 138.7 clear days annually
Hot Australian climate requires from the architects to consider the strategies aiming to protect it from overheating in order to provide its occupants with a comfortable interior environment.
PASSIVE VENTILATION SYSTEM
Mechanical systems for maximizing cross-ventilation includes electrically controlled windows on Eastern and Weastern facades which capture prevailing S-SW winds and provide with passive ventilation and cooling ment to provide with thermal comfort for the building’s occupants. The layout of the building which is open (significantly in the NS direction) ensures the flow of the wind to be undisturbed by any walls (see diagram on the left.)
Brise-Soleil shading system in order to achieve thermal comfort within the building. Its orientation generated a simple but innovative approach to the provision of sun screening by using pre finished, perforated corrugated aluminium sheeting. The sheeting effectively reduces solar gain by 70% and in combination with other passive ESD measures, the architect has achieved a highly sustainable design outcome.
· Brise soleil systems respond to large areas of glazing on modern buildings
· Brise soleil systems can reduce the ‘greenhouse effect’
· Brise soleil systems cut out direct summer sun
· Horizontal blades provide most shading MATERIALITY
The environmental credentials of materials were also central throughout the design process. Many of the materials were chosen for their ability to be re-used and recycled at the end of their life cycle. For example, some of those materials are:
· anodised aluminium- both recycled and fully recyclable and is used for the brise soleil sun shading systems. Corrugated anodized metal sheeting has a long-life span,is lightweight and requires low maintenance.
· recycling/Environment Carpets - used that ensure recapture and recycling were built into the cost at the end of the building life creating a closed loop recycling
· low VOC in paints - Sealers Austral Plya-renewable product that satisfies the least emissions possible
· 150mm sandwich panel insulation - used for the roof
· reverse brick veneer insulation-used at ground
(based on diagramme by Braham Architects)
Pearl Academy of Fashion
Jaipur, India
Morphogenesis, 2008
SITE CLIMATE ANALYSIS
Jaipur has a monsoon-influenced hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh) with long, extremely hot summers and short, mild to warm winters. Annual precipitation is over 63 cm, falling mostly in July and August due to monsoon, causing the average temperatures in these two months to be lower compared to drier May and June. During the monsoon, there are frequent, heavy rains and thunderstorms, but flooding is not common. The city’s average temperature remains below 20 °C between December and February. Mild temperatures occuring during the year allow for the open layout of the building and conncetions between interior with exterior spaces. Heavy rains have to be taken into account though and roofs and overhangs applied. The adverse climate makes it a challenge to control the micro climate within the project thus incorporating various passive climate control methods becomes a necessity
DAYLIGHTING & SOLAR CONTROL STRATEGIES
Solar control is accomplished by a double skin, derived from a traditional building element called Jaali, usually found in Rajasthani architecture. The double skin creates a thermal buffer and diffuses direct sunlight. As there is no landscaping outside to provide shading, the Jaali screen does a great job of providing the right amount of shading and preventing glare.
PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM
The whole structure is lifted above the ground and scoop ed out underbelly forms a natural thermal sink, which is cooled by the water body through evaporative cooling. This type of passive cooling system is extremely efficient as thermal comfort is achieved without any mechanical equipment.
MATERIALITY
The materials used for construction are a mix of local stone, steel, glass, and concrete chosen, keeping in mind the climatic needs of the region while retaining the progressive design intent. They are chosen strategically keeping in mind the region’s climatic needs.
• Glass - used in the majority of the internal spaces to create clear partitions
• Local stone - used for the most of jaalis and other parts of the buildings. jaalis is a perforated stone screen,which protects the building from the environment and is prevalent in the local architecture. The double skin acts as a thermal buffer between the building and the surroundings. It is at 4 feet away from the building and reduces the direct heat gain through fenestrations,which are drip channels running along the inner face of the Jaali. These allow for evaporative cooling and reduce wind temperature. Concrete creates the skeletal framework of the building and steel is used to create railings for the terraced areas (see picture above).
A natural insulation method was used (see diagramme above) - traditional Indian Earthen pots (mutkas) are placed on flat roof and the spaces between are filled with sand and broken bricks and covered with a thin layer of concrete. The fill and the air within the mutkas provide insulation.
Energy Lab, Hawaii Preparatory Academy
Kamuela, Hawaii
Flansburgh Architects, 2010
SITE CLIMATE ANALISIS
Weather in the Hawaiian Islands is very consistent, with only minor changes in temperature throughout the year. The average daytime summer temperature at sea level is 29.4° C, while the average daytime winter temperature is 25.6° C. On average, there are 240 sunny days per year in Hawaii. These features allow for the use of passive ventilation systems as well as for the use of solar energy.
The Energy Lab was developed in response to the science curriculum it houses. From small project rooms, to a large research center, to a laboratory, spaces were designed to encourage student discovery, exploration and experimentation. Students are surrounded by the systems that they study, and constantly reminded of their methods. Hawaii Preparatory Academy Energy Laboratory is a zero-net-energy, fully sustainable building with many environmental design strategies implied.
PASSIVE VENTILATION SYSTEM
The building is oriented along an east-west axis, open to the south and shielded from strong north winds. The mild climate makes it practical to use natural ventilation as the primary ventilation and cooling strategy. Operable windows combined with high-volume spaces allow for heat stratification and high-level exhaust due to the venturi effect.
DAYLIGHTING & SOLAR CONTROL STRATEGIES
Sustainable daylighting strategies are achieved through an application of polycarbonate skylights, wood sunscreens, and interior roller shades. They all work together to introduce, reflect and control natural daylight whilst satisfying foot candle minimums, tackling glare, and enhancing views, resulting in a pleasantly lit interior environment.
WATER-TREATMENT SYSTEM
WATER-TREATMENT SYSTEM
TREATMENT SYSTEM
water-treatment systems capture and filter all of the drinking and wastewater, and hot water is generated from solar thermal panels. The energy lab includes a 10,000-gallon storage tank for water which is later filtered for potable drinking water. In addition, water demand is reduced via low-volume sink and toilet fixtures.
water-treatment systems capture and filter all of the drinking and wastewater, and hot water is generated from solar thermal panels. The energy lab includes a 10,000-gallon storage tank for water which is later filtered for potable drinking water. In addition, water demand is reduced via low-volume sink and toilet fixtures.
water-treatment systems and filter all of the and wastewater, water is generated solar thermal panels. energy lab includes a 10,000-gallon storage tank for which is later filtered potable drinking water. addition, water demand is via low-volume sink toilet fixtures.
ENERGY GENERATION STRATEGIES
ENERGY GENERATION STRATEGIES
Hawaii Preparatory Academy Energy Laboratory is a zero-net-energy, fully sustainable building with all of its power generated from photovoltaic and windmill sources. Presently only eight percent of the produced energy is used - the remainder being net-metered back into the campus grid.mainder being net-metered back into the campus grid).
Hawaii Preparatory Academy Energy Laboratory is a zero-net-energy, fully sustainable building with all of its power generated from photovoltaic and windmill sources. Presently only eight percent of the produced energy is used - the remainder being net-metered back into the campus grid.mainder being net-metered back into the campus grid).
ENERGY GENERATION STRATEGIES
Hawaii Preparatory Academy Energy Laboratory is a zero-net-energy, fully sustainable its power generated from photovoltaic and windmill sources. Presently only eight percent energy is used - the remainder being net-metered back into the campus grid.mainder back into the campus grid).
MATERIALITY
MATERIALITY
MATERIALITY
Materials used for construction have been chosen in a way for the building to fulfil Living Building Challenge requirements.
Materials used for construction have been chosen in a way for the building to fulfil Living Building Challenge requirements.
Materials used for construction have been chosen in a way for the building Building Challenge requirements. Living Building Challenge set transportation distance requirements for terials therefore only certain local materials could have been used. Density limits for red list compliant materials selections were challenging for to some creative solutions by the team.
Living Building Challenge set transportation distance requirements for all building materials therefore only certain local materials could have been used. Density threshold limits for red list compliant materials selections were challenging for the project and led to some creative solutions by the team.
Living Building Challenge set transportation distance requirements for all building materials therefore only certain local materials could have been used. Density threshold limits for red list compliant materials selections were challenging for the project and led to some creative solutions by the team.
Walls are constructed of boards and battens and poured-in-place concrete. The original acoustic wall panels were replaced with custom-designed recycled cotton core with FSC certified wood frames and hemp fabric covering.
Walls are constructed of boards and battens and poured-in-place concrete. The original acoustic wall panels were replaced with custom-designed recycled cotton core with FSC certified wood frames and hemp fabric covering.
Walls are constructed of boards and battens and poured-in-place concrete. acoustic wall panels were replaced with custom-designed recycled cotton certified wood frames and hemp fabric covering.
Roofs are supported by wood decking spanning glue-laminated beams. For the structure, instead of trex composite decking, FSC Certified wood deck has been chosen. This substitution was made in terms of the Red List.
Roofs are supported by wood decking spanning glue-laminated beams. For the structure, instead of trex composite decking, FSC Certified wood deck has been chosen. This substitution was made in terms of the Red List.
On the southern side of the site, there can be seen the 14.000 feet Mauna Kea volcano. This feature of the site was integrated within the building structure through the clusters of lava rock placed in the poured in-situ concrete wall
On the southern side of the site, there can be seen the 14.000 feet Mauna Kea volcano. This feature of the site was integrated within the building structure through the clusters of lava rock placed in the poured in-situ concrete wall
Roofs are supported by wood decking spanning glue-laminated beams. instead of trex composite decking, FSC Certified wood deck has been stitution was made in terms of the Red List. On the southern side of the site, there can be seen the 14.000 feet Mauna This feature of the site was integrated within the building structure through of lava rock placed in the poured in-situ concrete wall In terms of the materials used for Daylighting, Sun Shading & Views, skylights, wood sunscreens all work together to introduce, reflect and daylight.
In terms of the materials used for Daylighting, Sun Shading & Views, Polycarbonate skylights, wood sunscreens all work together to introduce, reflect and control natural daylight.
In terms of the materials used for Daylighting, Sun Shading & Views, Polycarbonate skylights, wood sunscreens all work together to introduce, reflect and control natural daylight.
Part A
