UNRAVELLING WATER IN JAGUARE RIVER TRIBUTARY AS PUBLIC REALM

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM PINHEIROS RIVER – SAO PAULO

UNRAVELLING WATER IN JAGUARE RIVER TRIBUTARY AS PUBLIC REALM Trinh Minh Thao, Dyah Tiaralaksmi, Jacques Murama

LANDSCAPE URBANISM STUDIO SPRING 2016, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

JAGUARE RIVER

Location

The Sao Paulo city is the administrative centre and the largest municipality of 39 municipalities which constitute the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo. It is the home of more than half of the population of the entire metropolis.

The hydrology system of Sao Paulo is part of large complex system which covers the entire metropolis. Water system generally flows from south toward the Paraná River except Pinheiros River which was engineered and reversed toward southern reservoirs to be operable some times. All small rivers and tributaries are collected in two main rivers Tiete from north east and Pinheiros from south.

The overlap of urban tissues with morphology and hydrology resulted in burying the major hydrological system of the city and transformed the rest of water system into canalized dumping channels to evacuate sewage and trashes collected from hillsides by the periodic tropical rain.

For itself, Pinheiros River has been controlled in terms of floods and its theoretical floods pain accommodates major transport infrastructure and real estate developments. The topographical vulnerable areas have been leftover to be occupied by Favela. In the last decades, Pinheiros River have been suffering for engineering Actions to control floods and generate electricity which resulted in reversal by light company which also created artificial dams , billings and Guarapiranga initially for energy production which currently not working. The two reservoirs are now used to generate clean water by SABESP to supply the city but in inadequate way because of pollutions from the tributaries. The water system is highly polluted due to lack of management and human actions toward sewage systems and rain water drainage.

The jaguar river is one of the tributaries of Pinheiros flowing from south west side. It creates a green corridor with the majority of its water open. It is one of the last green areas of Sao Paulo city with opportunities of testing and proving different approach toward water and drainage system, it presents opportunities to approach water system and drainage as part of urban realm instead of generic solution of burying water and channel everything related to water into pinheiros.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

JAGUARE RIVER

Urban Tissue

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

The hydrology system of São Paulo is part of a large complex system which covers the entire metropolis.

Its water system generally flows from south toward the Paraná River except Pinheiros River which was engineered and reversed toward southern reservoirs to be operable sometimes.

All small rivers and tributaries are collected in two main rivers: Tietê, running on the east-west direction and Pinheiros on north-south.

Pinheiros River has been controlled in terms of floods and its controlled floodplain accommodates major transport infrastructure and real estate developments

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

JAGUARE RIVER

Urban Voids and Drainage System

Urban tissue layouts have influence on rainwater runoff; perpendicular , parallel and uneven layouts have different reactions over drainage system.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

JAGUARE RIVER •

Topography

The corridor is divided into 3 main topographical zones: flat area mainly industrial, river valley and creeks occupied by favelas and mobility infrastructures. lastly, the moderate topography occupied by residential areas.

• Jaguare river is one of the tributaries of Pinheiros flowing from south west side. It creates a green corridor with the majority of its waters still open. It is one of the last green areas of São Paulo with opportunities of testing and proving different approaches toward water and drainage system and presents opportunities to approach water system and drainage as part of urban realm instead of generic solution of burying water and channel everything related to water into Pinheiros.

• The overlap of urban tissues with morphology and hydrology resulted in burying the major hydrological system of the city and transformed the rest of water system into canalized dumping channels to evacuate sewage and trashes collected from hillsides by the periodic tropical rain.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

JAGUARE RIVER

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•

Concept

In order to address the rehabilitation and future sustainable development of this vulnerable area, we propose to control the flooding and pollution of the Jaguare river and keep it as green and open as possible.

The strategy consists of retaining water, control pollution from neighbourhoods, and manage the flow of water from rain and tributaries before reaching the Jaguare river. This technique is coupled with the approach of establishing a direct relationship between the infrastructure and the urban landscape.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

JAGUARE RIVER

Jaguare River

The project applies landscape infrastructure methodology to Sao Paulo’s waterways, which adds multiple benefits to its traditional infrastructure, such as storm-water management, expanded park land and open space, ecological restoration and water conservation 1st is the favela are with high vulnerary on top of the creek which raise the volume of water 2nd is very fast transformation in an area which is contaminate and high risk of flooding problem ,

SAMPLE 2

SAMPLE 1

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Location

The 1st sample is high risked favela area, that located in high risk situation because it is on the top of river and flood points. It is also surrounding by green area and high income housing tissue.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Urban Tissue

Topography : streams between the hill topography, flat area near jaguare river as a flood plain Water flow : water go down hill to the valley, the favela area receive lot amount of water and make it flood

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Green space – Urban voids

Green space and urban voids as a potential for resolving flood problem, but still preserving the green of forest REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Water Flow and Mobility

Urban tissue : explain about favela tissue surrounded by housing tissue, from low-high income, and explain again about favela on the top of high risk area Infrastructure : location for relocated favela to social housing, distance from bus stop, bike path around it

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Concept

Controlling flood by creating high peak reservoir and seasonal reservoir a long the stream to catch the run off water and also slow down the stream. Rain water harvesting in the vacant green also created to catch the rain water

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Concept

The new water system is designed to resolve the flood and pollution issue in the area, New sosial housing is designed for former favella inhabitants with water basin near it. Former favela area is transformed into terrace pond to solve the run off water that used to be the source of flooding problem FILTER TERRACE

FILTER TERRACE

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Detail 1

Former favella area that transformed into new water system, with terrace pond, retention basin, high peak reservoir (used as skate park whenlow season) Creating tributaries as public realm, opening the river that used to be covered by favela.

C

C

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Detail 1 - Section

SECTION C - C

FILTER TERRACE

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

FILTER TERRACE

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Detail 1

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Detail 1 - Perspective

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Detail 2

New social housing near jaguare river, as relocation for former favela Opening the stream and creating water basin and high peak reservoir (football court) to controlling water before go to jaguare.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 1

Detail 2

New social housing near jaguare river, as relocation for former favela Opening the stream and creating water basin and high peak reservoir (football court) to controlling water before go to jaguare.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Location

•

Another sample we chose is a decayed industrial area which located on the Pinheiros and Jaguare rivers, in the northwest of the city of Sao Paulo.

•

Next to the SP University and connect with the other side of Pinherois river by the Avenue Jaguare

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Post- Industrial area – Development of Real estate

Half of the industrial areas have been abandoned. Around 50% warehouses and factories were abandoned, 5 plots were transformed to high-rise apartments and social housings. Favelas developed at the old railway.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Transportation

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New real estate development projects, characterized by high-rise residential buildings, are covering the ground with concrete. As with many cases of redeveloping post-industrial areas in Sao Paulo, the new residential buildings face a high risk of flooding. Their characteristics (high land-use density, bad drainage connections, and unsuitable housing typology for a flooding area) also form a major obstacle to the flow of storm water, which makes flooding in the area even more serious.

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The area is therefore in desperate need for a new general drainage system that can resolve the current flooding and pollution problem in the area, and also prepare it for sustainable development in the future.

•

The old railway that runs through the area is no longer used, and is now fast becoming a new favela area with a lack of sanitation and water drainage systems.

•

The high-way is the main road connecting 2 sides of Pinheiros river

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Water Flow

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The area is suffered from floods due to abundant direct streams and rain water from adjacent hills.

•

2nd is very fast transformation in an area which is contaminate and high risk of flooding problem , conference between 2 rivers . This fast transformation is an opportunity to shift the logic of tissue construction, re-deviding the plot to have more permeable area and floodable area. And with these area we also contributing requalify and retain the water. A non going dynamic of the area and the tissue

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Managing flow of the storm water from tributaries

This system is able to regulate the uncertain fluctuations in the water level.

At the forefront of the strategy is the creation of bead-like wetlands which regulate floods by collecting and disseminating urban storm water runoff.

Furthermore, these wetlands work as an ecological purification agent for the water in the river which makes the river a useable source of grey water

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

The formation of treatment network or linear park

The creation of these meandering natural waterways at various surface levels becomes an attractive urban landscape.

The new drainage system was designed with a series of wetland parks, pocket parks and rain gardens which connect by the bio swales using perforated pipe to handle larger events.

It has the role to manage, catch and filter the storm water runoff. The series of bio-swales, rain garden will reduce the sediment, suspended solids and heavy metals in the storm-water before it flows into the central part of the wetland. Storm water will be retained and treated in the wetland parks.

The completed linear parks offer active and passive recreational opportunities while its renaturalised landscape is designed to manage, absorb and treat stormwater runoff. It is considered a “focal point” for civic activity in the district and is part of Jaguare’s open space network.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Series of wetlands and bio swales The new drainage system is designed to resolve the flood and pollution issue in the area, it also densifies the plots which can be developed in the future with multifunction land-use but at the same time ensures to keep the landscape corridor which is designed to manage, absorb and treat stormwater runoff.

The project also considers the future development of the area and, based on researching urban typology, transportation and public space of the area and the neighborhood, it provides the landscape infrastructure system connection of each plot which is suitable with its development in the future.

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Series of wetland park, rain garden and bio swales

A

B B A

Through the transformation of this dying wetland, stormwater that frequently causes flood become a positive environmental amenity for the area.

Also, by transform the wetland into an accessible public space, allowing urban residents to have an intimate experience of the recovered natural marsh.

MECHANICAL

SLOW

BIOLOGICA L

SPREAD

SOAK

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Series of wetland park, rain garden and bio swales

SECTION A - A

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

SAMPLE 2

Series of wetland park, rain garden and bio swales

SECTION B - B

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

JAGUARE RIVER

Conclusion

MECHANICA L

BIOLOGICAL

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven

THANK YOU

REQUALIFYING INFRASTRUCTURE REDEFINDING URBANISM–Landscape Urbanism Studio Spring 2016 – Sao Paulo Studio– MaHS/MaUSP KULeuven