Action of Climate Protection an d Urban Sustainability in Taipei Group 5 Owen Anthony Angela Angel
Contents TPE Problems Background comparison (HK/TPE) Status Quo Analysis Solutions
Stating the case • Diesel motorcycle • Types of pollutants • Traffic • Climate change
Comparison
AMOUNT OF PRIVATE CAR
AMOUNT OF MOTORCYCLE
HONG KONG
552,710
52,829
TAIPEI
1,827,318 (3.3 times larger)
3,142,767 (60 times larger)
Source: Transportation Department https://www.td.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_4883/table41a.pdf Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration https://news.housefun.com.tw/news/article/174488185109.html
Comparison AMOUNT OF PRIVATE CAR
AMOUNT OF MOTORCYCLE
HONG KONG
552,710
52,829
TAIPEI
1,827,318 (3.3 times larger)
3,142,767 (60 times larger)
Source: Transportation Department https://reurl.cc/X6yO9M Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration https://news.housefun.com.tw /news/article/174488185109.h tml
Reasons • Low cost→ License fee & Parkin g fee
• High population density → The transportation system has
n't been developed enough to satis fy people's demand
Problems to be addressed • More private vehicle → More traffic jam → Loss of economic value • Air pollution → Health issue • Carbon emission → Climate change PM2.5
CARBON EMISSION
CAR
MRT
BUS
MORTORCYCLE
7.6μg/m3
21.9μg/m3
23.5μg/m3
32.1μg/m3
CAR
MORTORCYCLE
0.24/kgCO2e
0.06/kgCO2e
Source https://e-info.org.tw/no de/211933 Source http://www2.nihs.tp.edu.tw/~nih scyber12a/2-1.htm
Current Policies E-motor Replacement Scheme
Subsidy
Cash with Order
500 NTD (10,000 pcs)
Public Transport Subsidy
1,500 NTD (3,000 pcs)
Starting from 2020, subsidies include: 7th Generation Diesel Replacement Motorcycles over ten years of age However, the subsidies are minimal compared to the price of retiring and purchasing a new one (40,000 NTD)
Public Transport Market Share 2016
Share (%)
MTR
Bus
Taipei City
40.7
19.4
12.1
New Taipei City
29.9
13.6
9.9
Taipei City:
• Local bus and MTR's market is overlapping. • Market share has plateaued in the past three years.
New Taipei City :
• Plenty of room in terms of public transport coverage. • Still around 60% of private vehicle usage, a 15% gap compared to Taipei City.
Mining Demographic Data Commuters ↑1.1 %
54.2 %
57.4%
?
56.3% For the entire nation, including TPE, Last Mile Transport is the key. Source: Ministry of Transportation and Communications
19%
12.2%
• Mobility
• Time
• Inconvenience
Solution—short term o Cutting the pollution source immediately and effectively o Promote cleaner alternatives with concrete policies Tax
Tax Increase for diesel Enhance incentives of Tax break for e-motor automobiles. retiring outdated users. motorcycles.
Condition
Starting from Vehicle License Tax and Pollution Tax.
Increased parking fee, addition to replacement subsidies …etc.
After renewable energy stands as an adequate and clean source.
Carbon Tax on manufacturer Manufacturer: revenue = price * quantity – pollution costs • Carbon Tax for manufacturer (local) + dealer (Imported vehicle) • Automobile first → Motorcycle after
Impose redistribution tax on manufacturers • to fund the governments' subsidies. • to internalize external costs • to make sustainability part of the free market competiti on
Carbon Tax on Consumer Pay tax based on the quantity of fuel consumption and the air pollutant emission of their vehicle Goal: • Increase the cost to buy and operate a fossil-fuel automobile • Reduce the gap between the cost of diesel motorcycle and the electri c motorcycle
Carbon Tax on Consumer Singapore Example • Charging $2.3 NTD per Litre consumption o f diesel oil • Vehicle Emission Scheme: Charging registra tion fee based on the air pollutant D
Ranging from $228,000 NTD ~ $456,000 NT
Source: Singapore Land Transport Authority
SWOT of Carbon Tax on Consumer Strength
Opportunity
Weakness
Threat
Stronger incentive to switch to a more environmentally friendly model or switching to e-vehicle.
Difficult to stop wealthy people from driving
Encourage to design a more energyefficient model Provide monthly subsidy for commute Expanding the public transport system
Opposition from the citizen
Reward P rogram
Action: • Rolling out an app to measure the distan ce a citizen walks or rides • Providing subsidy for healthcare insuran ce and lower payment in public healthca re system • Voluntary basis
Goal: • Encourage people to use zero-emission method to get to their destination → lower the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutant
SWOT of Reward Program Strength Incentive for people to use bicycle as the tool to get to the first mile and last mile destination
Opportunity People are looking for a healthy lifestyle
Weakness Rising financial burden for public healthcare system
Threat
Incentive might not be strong enough to encourage the people favor convenient lifestyle
Restriction on mobility • Time aspect - peak hour (7-9 am / 5-7pm)
• Area aspect - residential area - commercial area Quality walking environment
Limitation • Technology regulation • Improve frequency of bus and MRT during peak hour Current schedule Expectation - 3-5 mins (bus)
2-3 mins
- 5-10 mins (MRT)
3-7 mins
• Increase accessibility on bus routes to remote area -Current : 280 routes, 3600 buses • Refund scheme on public transportation - encourage public transportation
Solution—long term o Shaping the entire usage distribution of dif. Transports toward greene r options o Propoganda and futuristic projects (urban planning)
Tax on purchasing private cars --Taipei Exhaust volume < 500 cc
License tax (yearly)
501-600 cc
2160
Exhaust volume 501-600 cc 601-1200 cc
601-1200 cc
4320
1201-1800 cc
Fuel tax (yearly) 2880 4320 4800
1201-1800 cc
7120
1801-2400 cc
6210
1801-2400 cc
11230
2401-3000 cc
7200
2401-3000 cc
15210
3001-3600 cc
8640
3001-4200 cc
28220
3601-4200 cc
9810
4201-5400 cc
46170
4201-4800 cc
11220
5401-6600 cc
69690
4801-5400 cc
12180
6601-7800 cc
117000
13080
>7801 cc
151200
5401-6000 cc 6001-6600 cc
13950
6601-7200 cc
14910
7201-8000 cc
15720
1620
Source : Department of Transportation, Taipei City Government
Tax on purchasing private cars--H K Exhaust volume
License tax (yearly)
< 1500 cc
3929
1501-2500 cc
5794
2501-3500 cc
7664
3501-4500 cc
9534
>4501 cc
11329
Motor cycles and motor tricycles
1314 Source : HK Transportation Department
First Registration Tax Class of vehicle
Rate of tax
Private car on the first $150,000
40%
on the next $150,000
75%
on the next $200,000
100%
on the remainder Motor cycles and motor tricycles
115% 35% Source : HK Transportation Department
40% less than HK
 Tax for purchasing â&#x20AC;˘ Gradual increase (directly on license tax)
40% 20% cost of car
100%
E-motorcycleÂ
No tailpipe emission
Efficient in energy consumption
Reduce noise pollution
Tax cut on E-motorcycle • Reducing fuel and license tax • Easier to control the pollution
>
Energy combination 2017
35.00% 47.00%
8.00%
4.00% 6.00%
2025
coal renewable energy oil nuclear energy gas
20.00%
coal gas renewable energy
30.00%
50.00%
Sourse : RSPRC
High cost
Limitati on and f uture
• Tax cut • Subsidy from government
Slower speed
• Safety concern
cruise distanc e
• innovation of higher efficiency batteries • Flexible battery charging or exchanging schemes
Propoganda---education â&#x20AC;˘ Emphasize on the impact of using motorcycle
=
Measurem ent
Monitor mechanism for air pollution in roadside Reference: Hong Kong
CONCLUSION Short term • Carbon tax • Reward Program
Medium • Zeroemission zone
Long term • 100% purchasing tax • Education • Tax cut
REFERENCE •
https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/fast-facts-transportation-greenhouse-gas-emissions
•
https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/health/jmq2zb6.html
•
https://www.td.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_4883/table41a.pdf
•
https://e-info.org.tw/node/211933
•
https://www.motc.gov.tw/ch/home.jsp?id=54&parentpath=0,6
•
https://www.dep.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=CE8746C01243996C&sms=18E59B 21BD8494A1&s=F8BB7C7994369D61&ccms_cs=1
•
https://udn.com/news/story/11319/3855594
•
https://www.motc.gov.tw/uploaddowndoc?file=survey/201710311544141.pdf &filedisplay=105%E5%B9%B4%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%8B%8 0%E6%B3%81%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%28%E5%85%A8%29.pdf&fla g=doc https://www-ws.gov.taipei/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMzYzL3JlbGZp bGUvMzE4NTAvNzk2NTQ3OC9jMTE0NjYyMS1iOGYwLTQ0ZjMtOTY0OS03OThkNjViOWM4OT UucGRm&n=MTA45bm05bqm5reY5rGw5LqM6KGM56iL5qmf6LuK5Y%2bK5paw5o%2bb6LO86 Zu75YuV5LqM6Lyq6LuK6KOc5Yqp6KiI55WrLnBkZg%3d%3d&icon=..pdf&ccms_cs=1
•
THE END
Q & A SESSION