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u,fv*g7DjrdK\

u,fvqd,rf

u,fv*g7DjrdK\ ? ?uae'gEkid if H taemufyidk ;f / t,fv Am;wm;jynfe,f&dS u,fv*g7DjrdK\onf Ak;d jrpfEiS hf tJvAk;d jrpfwkd\ aygif;qkH7mt7yfwGifwnf&Sdonf? 1883 ckESpf wGif uae'D,ef ypdzw d f rD;7xm;vrf; pwifazgufvyk f onfhtcgupI wnfcJhaomjrdK\uav;jzpfonf? a7mhuD;awmifwef;ukdjzwfausmfEkdifonfh awmif-um; vrf;ESpfck. t0if0wGifwnf&Sdojzifh ta7;ygaomrD; 7xm;vrf;qkjH rKd \jzpf7m/ 1894 ckEpS w f iG f jrKd \-u;D wpfjrKd \tjzpf ok\d a7muf&v dS mavonf? t,fvAm;wm; jynfe,fwiG f tuf'refwefjrdK\uvJv G ~if t-uD;qk;H jrdK\jzpf.? u,fv*g7DjrKd \onf 0ifeyD ufjrKd \ taemufbuf ya77D vGijf yifa'owGif ukepf nfu;l oef;a7mif;0,fa7;zufY wGifus,faom jrdK\-uD;jzpfonf? xkdjyif pwk7ef;rkdif aygif; 150000 r~ us,f0ef;aom *sKHpyg;pkdufysKd;I ok;d EGm;arG;jrLa7; a'o. tcsut f jcmjrKd \-u;D vnf;jzpf.? xkdjrdK\teD;tem;rS ausmufrD;aoG;wl;az:7&SdI usDjrifh rsm;/ *sKpH ufrsm;ESihf a7eHcsupf uf&rHk sm;vnf;&So d nf? vlO;D a7rSm 12383^ a,muf jzpfonf u,fvqD,rf ? ?u,fvqD,rf (xk;H oWK) onf aysmhI aiGjzLa7mif&Sdaom oWKj'Afpifjzpfonf? xkd oWKukd "m;jzifv h ;DS Ekid o f nfjh yif eef;-udK;ao;ao;vnf; qJI G 7Ekid o f nf? u,fvqD,rfudk oWKoef\oef\tae jzifh obm0wGif awG\7cJ.? ok\daomf tjcm;yPnf;rsm; ESihf a7mI u,fvqD,rf j'Afaygif;tjzpfEiS rhf l tES\t H jym; awG\7.? xif&mS ;aom u,fvqD,rf j'Afaygif;wk\drmS (1)u,fvqD,rfumAGefedwf (xkH;ausmuf/ ajrjzL/ pusifausmuf) (2) u,fvqD,rfqmvzdwf (*spfy qrf) (3)u,fvqD,rfazghpzdwf ( vlEiS hf wd7>mef t&d;k rsm;wGiyf g0ifaom t"duyPnf;) jzpf-uonf? xk;H 7nf-unfxw J iG f umAGef 'kid af tmufqu dk "f gwfaiG\ vFwv f u dk v f ~if u,fvqD,rfumAGeef w d o f nf tenf jzLrsm;tjzpf usvmonf? xkad -umifh xk;H 7nf-unfonf Ekd\7nfuJhokd\jzLoGm;onf? xkdusvmaom tenfjzLukd ppfI tajcmufc, H v l ~if u,fvqD,rfumAGeef w d t f r=e\f rsm;uk7d .? xkt d r=e\f rsm;onf t7omr&So d nfh tjyif a7wGifraysmf0ifEkdifacs? okd\aomf umAGef 'kdifatmuf qku d af ysmf0if7nfxw J iG f xnfv h u dk af omtcg csufjcif; yif t7nfaysmf oGm;.? u,fvqD,rf umAGeef w d f ukd trsKd ; rsKd ; tok H ; jyKEk d i f o nf ? pusif a usmuf o nf ausmufjym;/ ausmuf&yk /f v~ypf pfrvku d yf Pnf;ESiw hf uG tjcm;tdrt f ok;H taqmifrsm;vky7f mY rsm;pGmtok;H 0if

onf? xk;H ausmufonfvnf;umAGef edwx f w J iG t f yg t0ifjzpf.? xkH;ausmufukd xkH;vkyf7mYvnf;aumif; t*‡awvkyf7mYvnf;aumif;/ u,fvqD,rfumAkduf vky7f mYvnf;aumif;/ oH7nfusKv d yk if ef;Yvnf;aumif; rsm;pGmyif tok;H jyK-uonf? ajrjzLonfvnf; umAGeef w d f jzpf.? ajrjzLukt d rsm;od-uonft h wkid ;f ausmufoif ykef;ay:Y pma7;7eftwGufvnf;aumif;/ taqmuf ttkeH 7H w H iG f tjzLa7mifjc,f7eftwGuv f nf;aumif;/ oGm; wkdufaq;r=ef\ jyKvkyf7eftwGufvnf;aumif; tokH;jyK onf? xkH;ausmuf*lvkd+frsm;twGif;Y ausmufpuf yef;qJEG iS ahf usmufpufr;dk ar~mw f \dkudk awG\7avh&o dS nf? xkd xkH;ausmufwkdifwkd\onf wpdrfhpdrfhusaeonfha7xJwGif umAGe'f idk af tmufqu dk f aysmf0ifvsuf&7dS mrS cef;ajcmuf oGm;aomtcg ausmufjzpfIusecf ahJ om u,fvqD,rf umAGeef w d rf sm;yif jzpf-uonf? tyifrsm; -uD;xGm;oefrmvmap7ef u,fvqD,rf j'Afaygif;rsm;ukd vkt d yf.? t7nfaysmv f , G af om u,f vqD,rfazmhpzdwf (Ca3 (Po4) 2) onf tvGeaf umif; aom"gwfajr-oZm jzpfonf? vlw\dk onf txl;ojzifh uav; oli,frsm;onf t&Gut f oD;ESihf Ek\d 7nfrsm;ukd txl;*&kjyKI pm;okH;oifh.?tb,fa-umifhqkdaomf toD;/ t&Gu/f Ek\d7nfrsm;ukd pm;aomufjcif;jzifh xk;H "gwf rsm;7&Sjd y;D v~if t&k;d rsm; rmvmEkid af om a-umifjh zpf onf? u,fvqD,rf"mwfqm;rsm;yg&Sdaom tpm;tpm rsm;onf 0rf;wGif;&SdtufqpftcsOf"gwfukd zsufqD; Ekid . f ? xk;H "mwfenf;aomuav;onf 7pfuufa7m*g (t&d;k aysmhem)pJu G yfwwfonf? u,fvqD,rfatmufqkduf(CaO) ukd razmufx;Hk [kac:.? avxJwGifypfxm;v~if umAGef'kdifatmuf qku d Ef iS ahf 7mpyf ojzifh u,fvqD,rfumAGeef w d f jzpfomG ; onf? u,fvqD,rf[u dk 'f a7mhqu dk f (Ca (OH)2)ukd azmufx;Hk [kac:.? oJEiS ahf 7mvku d o f nft h cg t*‡aw jzpf.? t*‡awukid af omtcg t*‡awonf avxJwiG f &Sad om umAGe'f idk af tmufqu dk "f gwfaiG\udk pkw, f El idk o f jzifh u,fvqD,rfumAGefedwfjzpfI rmoGm;onf? okd\ aomf avxJru S mAGe'f idk af tmufqu dk f tenf;i,fuo dk m pkw, f al oma-umifh t*‡awonf &kww f 7ufrrmEkid b f J wjznf;jznf;rmoGm;7onf? Ca (OH)2 + CO2 = Ca CO3

xk;H ausmuf od\kr[kwf xk;H udt k r=e\fjyKvkyI f v~ypf pfr;D zdk wGifukwfrD;aoG;ESifhtwlxnfhI rD;jyif;wdkufay;aom d ? u,f tcg u,fvqD,rfumAdu k f (CaC2) ud7k &S.

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