Human sexuality today 8th edition king test bank

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CHAPTER 9 SEXUAL ORIENTATION TEST QUESTIONS A.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. a. b. c. d.

On Kinsey’s 7-point scale (0–6), he regarded anyone as bisexual who had a rating of 2 3 4 all of the above

p. 227, Factual, d 2. a. b. c. d.

Today, sexual orientation is viewed as a(n) dichotomous model bipolar model a continuum either/or phenomenon

p. 228, Factual, c 3. a. b. c. d.

Kinsey’s report that 10% of United States men were predominantly homosexual is now known to be an underestimate an overestimate accurate accurate only for white, middle-class Americans

pp. 228–229, Factual, b 4. a. b. c. d.

Recent surveys indicate that _____% of American men and _____% of American women are homosexual and bisexual.

2.5–3, 1–2 3–7, 1.5–4.5 5–10, 5–10 10, 10

p. 229, Factual, b

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5. a. b. c. d.

In this book, sexual orientation is defined as a dichotomous choice distinct preferences formed during childhood distinct preferences consistently made after adolescence in the presence of clear alternatives exclusive preferences made in the presence of clear alternatives

p. 229, Factual, c 6. a. b. c. d.

Which of these men is clearly demonstrating that he has a homosexual orientation? a man who has sex with his wife twice a week and occasionally allows other men to give him oral sex in public bathrooms a man who has occasional fantasies about homosexual behaviors while having sexual intercourse with his female lover a man who is sexually attracted only to other men, though he has not yet engaged in homosexual behavior all of the above

p. 229, Applied, c 7. a. b. c. d.

A bisexual is a person who is really a homosexual who has not yet “come out of the closet” has not yet formed a sexual orientation can enjoy and engage in sexual activity with members of both sexes, or recognizes a desire to do so, without any clear preference all of the above

p. 229, Factual, c 8. a. b. c. d.

Sexual orientation consists of which of the following components? affective (sexual attraction, feelings of desire and love) behavioral self-identity all of the above

p. 229, Factual, d 9. a. b. c. d.

The developmental pathway to homosexuality is more diverse for women than for men more diverse for men than for women equally diverse for men and women less diverse than for heterosexuals

p. 229, Factual, a

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10. a. b. c.

An asexual individual is someone who has low sexual desire had little or no interest in sex for 3 years a lifelong lack of sexual attraction to men or women

d.

impaired gender (sexual) identity

p. 230, Factual, c 11. a. b. c. d.

The gender identity of the vast majority of homosexuals and bisexuals is just as strong as is found among heterosexuals weaker than is found among heterosexuals inconsistent with their anatomical gender evidence of gender dysphoria

p. 230, Factual, a 12. a. b. c. d.

Gender role nonconformity is an accurate predictor of sexual orientation an accurate predictor of sexual orientation in women, but not men a better predictor of sexual orientation in men than in women almost always a poor predictor of sexual orientation

p. 230, Factual, c 13. a. b. c. d.

“You can always tell if someone is homosexual by their appearance, walk, and other mannerisms.” This statement is true for both gays and lesbians true only for male homosexuals true only for female homosexuals not true

p. 230, Factual, d 14. a. b. c. d.

Psychoanalytic theories attribute homosexuality to early masturbation differences in parenting styles childhood sexual abuse all of the above

p. 231, Factual, b

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15. a. b. c. d.

Which of these is a problem with the social learning environmental theory explanation for the cause of homosexuality? most female homosexuals have had pleasurable sexual relations with men even in cases of extreme childhood gender role nonconformity, one cannot absolutely predict future sexual orientation homosexual orientation as an adult is no more common in cultures that encourage homosexual practices during childhood than it is in cultures that discourage it all of the above

pp. 230–232, Factual, d 16. a. b. c. d.

Studies with identical twins indicate that homosexuality is not genetically determined there is only a moderate (20–30%) concordance for homosexual orientation there is a substantial (50–60%) concordance for homosexual orientation there is a 100% concordance for homosexual orientation

p. 232, Factual, c 17. a. b. c. d.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? studies of identical twins indicate a genetic determinant for sexual orientation the brains of heterosexuals and homosexuals differ studies with nonhuman mammals have shown that treatment with hormones before birth can result in homosexual behavior level of circulating testosterone is greater in adult heterosexuals than it is in adult homosexuals

p. 232, Factual, d 18. a. b. c. d.

Studies have found that, on average, homosexual men had a greater number of older brothers had a greater number of older sisters had a greater number of younger brothers had a greater number of younger sisters

p. 232, Factual, a 19. a. b. c. d.

Hormones probably affect one’s sexual orientation before birth or in the first 20 weeks after birth during the phallic stage of psychosexual development during puberty during adolescence

p. 233, Factual, a

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20. a. b. c. d.

Which of these statements about the origins of sexual orientation is most correct? sexual orientation is caused mainly by the social environment (including how one is raised) sexual orientation is a matter of free choice sexual orientation is caused by biological factors sexual orientation is predisposed, in part, by biological factors

pp. 233–234, Factual, d 21. a. b. c. d.

Which of these terms is most different in meaning from the others? gay lesbian homosexual transsexual

p. 234, Applied, d 22. a. b. c. d.

Which of these cultures was intolerant of homosexuality? ancient Greek ancient Roman biblical Hebrew all of the above

p. 234, Factual, c 23. a. b. c. d.

The idea that homosexuality was “against the laws of nature” originated with the biblical Jews Saint Thomas Aquinas the Puritans the rise of modern medicine in the 1800s

p. 234, Factual, b 24. a. b. c. d.

Cross-cultural studies of homosexuality have found that, compared to the United States, most cultures have about the same attitudes are even less tolerant are more tolerant are more tolerant regarding female homosexuality, but less tolerant regarding male homosexuality

p. 235, Factual, c

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25. a. b. c. d.

The idea that homosexuality is a sickness originated with the rise of the medical model in the 1800s the biblical Hebrews Christian writers during the Middle Ages The Puritans

p. 236, Factual, a 26. a. b. c. d.

The American Psychiatric Association classifies homosexuality as a mental illness a deviation an emotional disturbance none of the above

p. 236, Factual, d 27. a. b. c. d.

Sexual prejudice is a negative attitude that some heterosexuals have of homosexuals some homosexuals have of heterosexuals stereotyped men have of women all of the above

p. 237, Factual, a 28. a. b. c. d.

Which of these statements regarding sexual prejudice is FALSE? sexual prejudice is greater among men than it is among women sexual prejudice is socially reinforced men generally feel more threatened by female homosexuality than by male homosexuality men generally feel more threatened by male homosexuality than by female homosexuality

p. 237, Factual, c 29.

a. b. c. d.

Jennifer has had a homosexual orientation for several years and has taken a lesbian lover.

She has kept her homosexuality a secret from her parents, but has now decided to tell them and everyone else she knows about it. This is known as becoming a swinger letting loose coming out becoming a homo sapiens

p. 238, Applied, c

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30. a. b. c. d.

Homosexuals discover their sexual orientation in childhood in adolescence in adulthood all of the above

p. 238, Factual, d 31. a. b. c. d.

The first stage in coming out is admitting to oneself of a homosexual orientation complete openness about one’s homosexuality getting to know other homosexuals telling family and friends of one’s sexual orientation

p. 238, Factual, a 32. a. b. c. d.

An important task for any adult, regardless of their sexual orientation, is to develop an acceptance of their sexuality find acceptable ways to express it learn to incorporate their sexuality into their total lifestyle all of the above

p. 240, Applied, d 33. a. b. c. d.

With regard to homosexual lifestyles, which of the following statements is FALSE? male homosexuals generally have many more partners in their lifetime than male heterosexuals whether heterosexual or homosexual, women generally prefer commitment and romantic love both male and female homosexuals generally have many more partners than do heterosexuals many homosexuals describe themselves as happy with their sexual lifestyle

p. 241, Factual, c 34. a. b. c. d.

With regards to homosexuals as parents, which of the following is TRUE? most homosexuals have weak parental instincts children raised by openly homosexual parents usually grow up to have a homosexual orientation children raised by openly homosexual parents usually grow up to have a heterosexual orientation children raised by openly homosexual parents are more likely to show gender identity conflicts than children raised by heterosexual parents

p. 243, Factual, c

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35. a. b. c. d.

The American Medical Association presently recommends that homosexuals be treated for their sexual orientation homosexuals be converted to heterosexuals unhappy homosexuals be made comfortable with their sexual orientation all of the above

p. 244, Factual, c B.

TRUE-FALSE

36.

Today, sexual orientation is viewed as a dichotomous choice: heterosexual or homosexual.

True False

a. b.

p. 228, Factual, b 37. a. b.

Most studies have found that 10% of American men are predominantly or exclusively homosexual.

True False

p. 229, Factual, b 38. a. b.

Homosexual refers to anyone who has had sex with a same-sexed person after adolescence.

True False

p. 229, Factual, b 39. a. b.

Most bisexuals are actually homosexuals.

True False

p. 229, Factual, b 40. a. b.

Homosexuality results from reversed gender roles.

True False

p. 230, Factual, b

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41. a. b.

The gender identity for most homosexuals is as consistent with their anatomy as is found for heterosexuals.

True False

p. 230, Factual, a 42. a. b.

Conforming or not conforming to gender stereotypes does not reliably predict sexual orientation.

True False

p. 230, Factual, a 43. a. b.

Most gays are effeminate in their appearance, while most lesbians are masculine in appearance.

True False

p. 230, Factual, b 44. a. b.

Extremely effeminate (“sissy”) boys invariably turn out to be homosexual.

True False

p. 230, Factual, b 45. a. b.

Most lesbians have had pleasurable sexual relations with men.

True False

p. 232, Factual, a 46. a. b.

If one member of identical twins is homosexual, the other always will be, too.

True False

p. 232, Factual, b 47. a. b.

The brains of heterosexuals and homosexuals have been found to be different.

True False

p. 232, Factual, a

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48. a. b.

On average, homosexual men have more older brothers than heterosexual men.

True False

p. 232, Factual, a 49. a. b.

Hormones, before or shortly after birth, probably predispose an individual to a particular sexual orientation.

True False

p. 233, Factual, a 50. a. b.

Homosexual men have been found to have different finger length ratios than heterosexual men.

True False

p. 233, Factual, a 51. a. b.

In Western culture, homosexuality has always been viewed with negativity.

True False

p. 234, Factual, b 52. a. b.

Homosexuality is viewed negatively in almost all cultures.

True False

p. 235, Factual, b 53. a. b.

All Sambian boys engage in oral-genital sex with other boys, and many continue to prefer this as adults—strong evidence in support of social learning theory.

True False

p. 235, Factual, b 54. a. b.

Homosexuality is classified as a mental illness by mental health professionals.

True False

p. 236, Factual, b

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55. a. b.

Sexually prejudiced men generally have a more negative attitude about lesbians than they do gays.

True False

p. 237, Factual, b 56. a. b.

Today, coming out is beginning at a younger age than in the past.

True False

p. 238, Factual, a 57. a. b.

Women, whether straight or lesbian, tend to value commitment and romantic love.

True False

p. 241, Factual, a 58. a. b.

Most homosexuals adopt a single role (“masculine” or “feminine”) in a sexual relationship.

True False

p. 241, Factual, b 59. a. b.

There is a greater than normal chance of children raised by openly homosexual parents becoming homosexual.

True False

p. 243, Factual, b 60. a. b.

Most homosexuals would like to change their sexual orientation.

True False

p. 244, Factual, b 61. a. b.

The American Medical Association and American Psychological Association both oppose attempts by therapists to change an individual’s sexual orientation.

True False

p. 244, Factual, a

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C.

ESSAY

62.

Discuss the problems in defining and estimating the prevalence of sexual orientation.

63.

Discuss the relationship between sexual orientation and gender roles.

64.

Discuss the role of nature and nurture (biology vs. environment) in the determination of sexual orientation. Which do you find most compelling? Why?

65.

Describe false stereotypes about homosexuals. Why do these stereotypes exist? Why are they maintained?

66.

What factors contribute to sexual prejudice?

67.

Discuss the prevalence of, and attitudes about, homosexuality in other cultures.

68.

What is the evidence regarding homosexuals as parents?

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