DesignThinkingFinalBook_MiaHe

Grow -ing Scaffloding

Design Thinking

Mingyang He Instructor: Donald Koster FA: Hallie Nolan

Forever Bicycles, Ai Weiwei, 2012 the St. Louis Aquarium at Union Station

Forever Bicycles, Ai Weiwei, 2012

the St. Louis Aquarium at Union Station

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3

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PREMISE

02

CASE STUDY

03

PROGRAM

04

SITE ANALYSIS

05

POSSIBILITIES

06

APPENDIX

"URBAN SCAFFOLDING"— support beyond the physical

Abtraction Ideas of 3 Different Projects

Refugee Resettlement Complex

St. Louis as Context

Massing Program in the Selected Site

Contents.

01

01

Beginning with personal architectural interest, after conducting lots of researches, the premise leads to a definition of the topic and connects with the explanation of program selection.

PREMISE.

PREMISE

URBAN SCAFFOLD -ING support beyond the physical

Industrialization brought many possibilities for architecture through last century, as we can see, there are hundreds of scaffolding attached to the building for some renovation or expansion work. In general, the scaffolding is used to think as a physical support of a building. However, to some extent, it can be considered as a psychological facility to the occupants in architectural way.

The lightweight and flexible construction can be an adaptable skeleton which allows itself to grow easily and fits the new situation better. This concept of dematerialization and lightweight structures is what Frei Otto propagated, who was looking for constructions with minimum material and energy expenditure for maximum efficiency. Traditionally, the design principles always aim for stability and durability. But a city is dead if it cannot grow organically. In opposite, an adaptive city could be sustainable since it allows both people and buildings to grow in it.

In St. Louis, the biggest problem is the decline of population and employment which makes the development a challenge. In fact, it has been proved that immigrations and refugees can bring possible economic rewards to the city, such as the Bosnians, since St. Louis is most lack of population. How to solve the resettlement from mutiple possibilities is the key of this program. Moreover, this program could build a positive circle to each part of role. Combining the lightweight construction with modular units, this refugee resettlement complex can easily expand based on the varied situation. Also, the scaffolding system can be an element adding into it to support more than the physical which can be a communal space for integration, but also it can provide some mental help to create a harmonious community. By abstracting all of these advantages from each concept, this refugee resettlement complex can finally bring a strong vitality to St. Louis.

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THE PURSUIT OF PERMANENCE IS ...

“CALLED PRESERVATION. BUT PRESERVATION IS FOR DEAD THINGS... ”

FREI

OTTO ... A TRULY ORGANIC ARCHI“TECTURE, IN AS MUCH AS IT CAN BE IMAGINED, IS AN ADAPTABLE ARCHITECTURE ...

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”

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ADAPTABLE SCAFFOLDING

DEAD CITY

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“The people here make St. Louis,

”

but something about St. Louis makes our people, too.

--STL Made

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REFUGEES AROUND THE WORLD

REFUGEES IN AMERICA

Refugee is a person forced to flee their country because of violence or persecution.

The U.S. resettles the most vulnerable refugees and has been the world's resettlement leader for decades.

67%

41.3 million

of refugees come from: Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Myanmar, Somalia.

People are internally displaced around the world

10 million

1.7 million

People around the world are stateless or at risk of statelessness

new asylum claims in 2018

2.6 million

3.7 million

refugees live in camps. Millions more live in urban areas and informal dwellings.

Number of refugee school-age children not in school.

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22,900

8

number of refugees resettled to the U.S. in 2018

number of U.S. federal agencies involved in the screening process of refugees

3 million

All 50

number of refugees who have resettled in the U.S. since 1975

states have welcomed resettled refugees into their communities

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Strategic Priorities

The St. Louis Mosaic Project

It was launched in 2012 in response to an economic impact report, outlining St. Louis to be lagging in immigrant growth as well as highlighting the economic benefits of increasing its foreign-born population. Its goal is to transform St. Louis into the fastest growing metropolitan area for immigration by 2025 to promote regional prosperity through immigration and innovation.

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1

Grow/ Retain jobs & Capital investment

2

Support startups and the entrepreneurial community

3

Increase foreign trade & Investment

4

Advance redevelopment of strategic real estate assets

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Accelerate the growth of foreign born population

6

Align talent with business needs

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IMMIGRANTS DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 15370

60%

9572

4349

2965

Ca na da

Ph ilip pi ne s Ge rm an y

4460

Ko re a

4715

Vi en am

Ch in a

25%

Bo sn ia

44%

more likely to be high skilled

In di a

5404

3X

more likely to be college educated

10231

more likely to start a bussiness

130%

more likely to have an advanced degree

11912

M ex ico

IMMIGRANTS ARE :

Diversity of Foreign-Born in St.Louis

higher wage than an average american born

5%

2.8%

2.7%

#6 2.3%

2.1%

1.8%

Ta m pa

Black or African American alnoe Hispanic / Latino

Asian alone

White alone

Other

1.5%

U. S.

2.9%

Ba lti m or W e as hi ng to n Se at tle Ph ila de lp ia Ho us to n St .L ou is M in ne ap ol is

St.Louis

3.6%

U.S.

Rate of Foreign-Born Growth (2006-2012)

Population Growth in St.Louis 22

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SANCTUARY CITY WHAT? A sanctuary city is a place that has decided to keep local resources to solve local problems.

WHY? 1 Keep residents safe 2 Protect local budgets

Would St. Louis become a sanctuary city?

3 Provide access to equal services

“ I believe our diversity is our strength, and we are a welcoming

HOW MANY?

300+ Jurisdictions

8+ States

across the U.S. are considered immigration sanctuaries

from New Jersey to Illinois to California are considered sanctuary states

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city. Of course I support St. Louis becoming a sanctuary city. We need to understand the impact of that policy on the funding, which protects our most vulnerable citizens. We have to do it right. ” —Alderman Lyda Krewson (Mayoral Candidate)

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POPULATION FACTS IN ST LOUIS

REFUGEE FACTS IN ST LOUIS

850 620 400 300 thousands

St.Louis City Population Trends (1950-2014) 1,528

Syria

Iraq

Somalia

26%

14%

12%

Congo

Afghanistan

Bosnia

12%

10%

8%

1,158

645 356

467

Refugees resettled in St. Louis by International Institute in 2016

177

253

Refugees Resettled by the International Institute of St.Louis (1979-2017)

Population Growth in U.S.

53% of population growth in St. Louis region is from racial minorities

92% of population growth in the U.S. is from racial minorities

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Population Growth in St.Louis Black/African American Hispanic/Latino Asian

White

population in U.S No.1 of Bosnian& outside of Bosnia

Bosnian

27,000

in St.Louis

Other

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Bosnia United States St.Louis

Why Are There So Many Bosnians in St. Louis?

Starting in the mid-1990s, after the breakup of Yugoslavia and the war that accompanied it, Bosnians began to move to St. Louis in large numbers.

St. Louis City

St. Louis County

Bevo Mill Affton

Mehlville

1 2 3

The metropolitan was the first place where refugees first landed in the United States.

It is the result of the interaction of International politics, federal policy, and local contingency.

Land is vacant, housing is affordable and living cost is low in St. Louis

Oakville

Main Bosnian Neighborhoods

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Bevo Mill —— most densely populated region in Bosnia

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Community The majority of the Bosnian refugees living in St. Louis cannot return to their homes in Bosnia, as the climate is still not safe.

Because they cannot return to Bosnia but wanted to find a way to maintain their heritage and pass along their culture to younger generations, the Bosnian community in St. Louis recreated their favorite parts of their home in the neighborhood of Bevo Mill.

Enterprise Many of the other businesses in the area are Bosnian-run as well, such as the First Bosnian Insurance Agency, the Bosnian Chamber of Commerce, a travel agency that primarily works with a Bosnian airline, a Bosnian-American newspaper and a Bosnian home loan company.

Success One of the reasons Bosnians have been so successful in St. Louis is because they can fuse things from their own culture with existing components of St. Louis culture.

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01 02

Through these 3 different types of case studies, it is helpful for developing program by extracting and summarizing the main concepts and ideas. Instead of introducing each of these cases, critical thinking could be a better way to build my own ideas of program.

CASE STUDY.

CASE STUDY 01

NOTES prevent segregation "urban morphology" sustainable urban development ability to adapt to the irregular need for space 36

We House Refugees (Finland) —from border to home 37

CASE STUDY 02

NOTES

Generation Process of Community and housing Cluster traditional elements modules

contribute to enhance people's sense of community belonging separation of public, semi public and private spaces in the living clusters eliminate the estrangement between people 38

Always Growing (Iraq)

—Mosul postwar reconstruction

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CASE STUDY 03

Massing Cube

NOTES

Modular Unit private space to retreat manageable group sizes well-positioned common rooms

a variety of differentiated spaces for developing a good community 40

Buildings For Refugees And Migrants (Germany) 41

02 03

After premise, this part is mainly to narrow and specify the proposed program. By analysing and evaluating references project and strategies, the program should be practicable in both quantitative area and spacial requirements.

PROGRAM.

SHELTER

protect refugees from the elements and help restore their personal security, dignity and privacy.

WATER & SANITATION

ensure refugees in camps have access to safe water, sanitation kits and waste management systems to meet their basic needs.

A REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT COMMUNITY

FOOD

delivers nutrient-rich food and kitchen items to protect the health and well-being of refugees and prevent acute malnutrition.

HEALTHCARE & COUNSELING

works with local authorities to ensure refugees have access to essential healthcare services including basic medical care and psychological support.

REGISTRATION & LEGAL AID

ensure that refugees have access to basic assistance and documentation, are protected against refoulment.

EDUCATION

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teach refugees English and basic common knowledge to help them adapt to the new life and start their own business.

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50%

Home Job Language Education Social Relations

10%

RELATIVE SCALE OF PROGRAM PARTS

10%

INTEGRATION

15

%

15%

=

Resettlement Seekers

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Scaffolding for Psychological

No Separations

Integration

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Refugee Resettlement Timeline

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Refugee Arrivals by Sex and Marital Status

Refugee Arrivals by Age

under 18 over 55 Male

Female

45 — 54

35 — 44

18 — 24 25 — 34 Married

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Single

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Geometry Modules

GEOMETRY Unit Composition MODULES or 12

Unit

T Shape

12

ft

144 sq ft one person

ft

L Shape

Square Grid

12

Hive Grid

Hexagonal Grid 12

52

ft

24

288 sq ft two people

ft

ft

468 sq ft small family

6f

t 12

ft

12

ft

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03 04

Followed by determination of the program, it is critical to put it into the context of St. Louis. By introducing and comparing with these 3 possible sites, it will lead to a most feasible site in the end of this part.

SITE ANALYSIS.

POSSIBLE SITE 01 Forest Park Barnes Jewish Hospital Washington University Medical Campus

Cortex, is a vibrant, 200-acre hub of business, innovation, and technology

St. Louis University (0.5 mile)

integrated into St. Louis' historic Central West End and Forest Park Southeast neighborhoods, surrounded by nationally-ranked universities and medical centers and abundant cultural and recreational assets.

Cortex is more than just buildings. It's an innovation community strategically built around the idea that together. The community is a catalyst for innovation that brings together big-thinking problem solvers with state-of-the-art resources, facilities, and innovative programming to inspire and drive collaboration.

Cortex Metro Station

The Grove (0.7 mile)

City Foundry

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cortex.

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Innovation Community New&rehabilitated offices

A light rail commuter Station

A public Park

Street-level retail

A citywide bike trail

New street infrastructure

Amenities

Dining

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Gym

Coffee

Community

Hotel

Parking

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Forest Park

N

N

Washington University Orthopedics

SITE ute

min

10— min

ute wa lk

lk wa

42

SURROUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE

St.Louis Childrens Development Center

5—

WALKABLE DISTANCE & TRANSPORTATION

42

Central West End Health Center

SITE

Saint Louis University

POSSIBLE SITE 02 South Grand, known locally and regionally as the “International District,” with

a lot to offer from unique stores and eclectic shops to a huge array of ethnic restaurants covering more countries than Epcot. It’s neighbors and patrons are growing in education and affluence. South Grand has been recognized as a Great Place in America from the American Planning Association for 2017.

Missouri Botanical garden (2.2 miles)

Bevo Mill (2.1 miles)

Tower Grove Park

St. Louis Public Library- Carpenter Library

the busiest bus route in the metropolitan area.

Most concentrated population in Saint Louis. the most diverse corridor in the St. Louis Region, 14 countries are currently represented.

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Dutch Town (1.2 miles)

south grand.

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Missouri Botanical Garden

Compton Hill Water Tower

South Grand dining at night

9 Reasons for choosing South Grand

5

14 events a year are held on South Grand, 12 of which are located in Ritz Park, the district’s outdoor event space.

1

Eat around the world. 14 countries are represented on South Grand!

6

Tower Grover Creamery on South Grand is home to Central Dairy ice cream and gelato made from scratch right here.

2

South Grand has 13 independently owned businesses where you can shop for items from around the world, plus everyday essentials.

7

South Grand has 3 vegetarian and vegan-only restaurants, but all of the restaurants in the district offer vegetarian and gluten-free options, too.

3

South Grand has a self-guided historic walking tour.

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Stop by one of St. Louis’ most treasured grocery stores to purchase items from around the world.

Take a stroll down South Grand. The community is proud to be a sustainable business district that includes rain gardens, native plants and trees throughout the area.

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Just north of the district is the Compton Hill Reservoir Park where you get a rare opportunity to go up in the water tower on Full Moon Nights.

4 64

Tower Grove Park

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70

Missouri School for the Blind

N

8

Ruler Foods & Family Dollar

Law Office

30 30

ute

min

10—

min ute

wa lk

lk wa

70

8

SURROUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE

International Institute

5—

WALKABLE DISTANCE & BUS ROUTES

Messiah Lutheran Church

St.Johnʼs Episcopal Church

Jay International Food

Roosevelt High School

St.Louis Public Carpenter Library

St.Pius V Catholic Church Fanning Middle School Schnucks South City

N

POSSIBLE SITE 03 Laclede's Landing, is home to some of the city’s oldest buildings.

A favorite among locals and a must-see experience for all tourists and

Old Courthouse (0.6 mile)

conventioneers, its century-old buildings and cobblestone streets offer a charming reminder of St. Louis’ earliest days, when American history was made

The Gateway Arch (0.5 mile) The Dome at Americaʼs Center

every minute and the new settlers helped shape the current city – and the country.

The old and the new come together on Laclede’s Landing, as 19th century architecture meets 21st century dining and entertainment. From warehouses to saloons to markets to factories, Laclede’s Landing has been the home of thousands of businesses over the past 250 years. Every one of these century-

Eads Bridge

old buildings has an interesting story or two.

Originally surveyed by Pierre Laclede in 1763, Laclede’s Landing was once a hub for manufacturing, warehousing, and shipping on the Mississippi riverfront. It is the oldest district and only riverfront dining destination attached to the Gateway

Martin Luther King Bridge

Arch grounds.

68

laclede's landing.

69

Welcome sign N 3rd Street

N 2nd Street

N 2nd Street

Laclede’s Landing Blvd

Morgan Street

Lucas Street

Washington Ave

The Old Spaghetti Factory

N 1st Street

Eads Bridge

70

Mississippi River

Dr. Martin Luther King Bridge

Leonor K. Sullivan Blvd

Martin Luther King Drive

Gateway Arch

Raeder Place Building

Eads Bridge

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What Makes the Best Site?

1

2

Vacant Land for Future Expamsion

72

3

In-site Infrastructure

Accessible Public Transportation

cortex.

04 05

Based on the analysis and determination of site selection, the test of massing and program distribution would be helpful for futher design. Discovering different possibilities for the program including the exact acres and areas can create a clear sense about the whole project.

POSSIBILITIES.

POSSIBILITY 01

t 70 f

100 ft 45 ft

0 43

ft

270 ft

HOUSING

Cube Area: 5,643 sq ft 76

MASSING 77

POSSIBILITY 02

60 ft 45 ft

270 ft

130

ft

0 43

ft

HOUSING

Cube Area: 5,643 sq ft 78

MASSING 79

05

APPENDIX- text P10-11: Otto, Frei, and Winfried Nerdinger. Frei Otto: Complete Works: Lightweight Construction, Natural Design. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2005.

P14: “The People Here Make St. Louis.” STLMade. https://thestl.com/

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P18: “Refugee Statistics.” USA for UNHCR. https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/statistics/ “What Is a Refugee? Definition and Meaning: USA for UNHCR.” Definition and Meaning | USA for UNHCR. https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/what-is-a-refugee/.

P19: “Refugees in America.” USA for UNHCR. https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/usa/ P20: Grider, Jeanette. “St. Louis Mosaic Project, Saint Louis University American Community Survey Shows Positive Area Growth.” SLU. https://www.slu.edu/news/2019/october/mosaic-project-slu-survey-foreign-born-population-growth.php.

P21: Betsy Cohen. St.Louis Mosaic Project. “Regional Prosperity through Immigration and Innovation”. https://www.marc.org/Data-Economy/Workforce-Development/Other-Resources/Gateways-forGrowth/Assets/Cohen-presentation.aspx P22: Betsy Cohen. St.Louis Mosaic Project. “Regional Prosperity through Immigration and Innovation”. https://stlpartnership.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Prosperity-Flier-2015-sm.pdf J.s. Onésimo Sandoval. St.Louis Mosaic Project. “A Demographic Profile Of The St. Louis Region”. www.stlmosaicproject.org › Mosaic PP 2015 Professor SandovalJune17 P23: J.s. Onésimo Sandoval. St.Louis Mosaic Project. “A Demographic Profile Of The St. Louis Region”. www.stlmosaicproject.org › Mosaic PP 2015 Professor SandovalJune17t J Strauss. St.Louis Mosaic Project. “St. Louis Growth Through Immigrant Entrepreneurship”. www.stlmosaicproject.org › EconomicimpactstudyAPRIL2012-1 P24: Tsu, Naomi. “What Is a Sanctuary City Anyway?” Teaching Tolerance. https://www.tolerance.org/ classroom-resources/texts/what-is-a-sanctuary-city-anyway.

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Wikipedia contributors, “Sanctuary city,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/ w/index.php?title=Sanctuary_city&oldid=952903934 P25: Wilson, D.J. “St. Louis Should Be a Sanctuary City, Says Mayoral Candidates.” St. Louis Magazine, February 2, 2017. https://www.stlmag.com/news/politics/mayoral-candidate-response-to-travel-ban/.

P26: Google Search, Google. https://showmeinstitute.org/sites/default/files/uploads/2015/03/St.-Louis-population-table.jpg Moore, Doug. “Number of Refugees in St. Louis Dropping Sharply under Trump Administration.”

STLtoday.com, February 15, 2018. https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/number-of-refugees-in-st-louis-dropping-sharply-under-trump-administration/article_56b407ca-1757-5d3a-960f-fcb5894817aa.html.

J.s. Onésimo Sandoval. St.Louis Mosaic Project. “A Demographic Profile Of The St. Louis Region”. www.stlmosaicproject.org › Mosaic PP 2015 Professor SandovalJune17

tex-impact-report/.

P62: “South Grand Cultural Alliance.” Explore St. Louis. https://explorestlouis.com/partner/ south-grand-community-improvement-district/?see_do_category=attractions.

“South Grand Demographics.” South Grand Community Improvement District. http://southgrand.org/ who-we-are/south-grand-demographics/.

P68: “Laclede’s Landing.” Explore St. Louis, July 3, 2018. https://explorestlouis.com/things-to-do/neighborhoods/lacledes-landing/.

P27: Moore, Doug. “Refugees Worry about Their Future as Trump Ban Plays out in St. Louis and across Country.” STLtoday.com, January 31, 2017. https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/refugeesworry-about-their-future-as-trump-ban-plays-out/article_61d97471-c29e-582f-a2f4-6a7256a753d8. html.

P31: Gilsinan, Kathy. “Why Are There So Many Bosnians in St. Louis?” CityLab, February 15, 2013. https://www.citylab.com/equity/2013/02/why-are-there-so-many-bosnians-st-louis/4668/ P33: Vishwanath, Anjali. “St. Louis in Focus: ‘Little Bosnia’.” Student Life. https://www.studlife.com/wu-infocus/2018/11/28/st-louis-in-focus-little-bosnia/.

P44-45: “What Is a Refugee Camp? Definition and Statistics: USA for UNHCR.” What is a Refugee Camp?

Definition and Statistics | USA for UNHCR. https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/camps/ P50-51: Nadwa Mossaad. Annual Flow Report. “Refugees and Asylees: 2018”. October, 2019. https:// www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2018/refugees_ asylees_2018.pdf P56: Cortex Innovation Community. https://www.cortexstl.com/.

P58: “The Regional Impact of the Cortex Innovation Community”. https://www.cortexstl.com/about/cor82

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APPENDIX- image P3: Google Search, Google, https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/work/120799/ P7/35/43/55/76: Google Search, Google, https://pixabay.com/photos/scaffolding-site-scaffold-building-3679310/ P8: Google Search, Google, https://pixabay.com/photos/scaffolding-site-scaffold-building-3679463/

2010 Brochure MAP. http://lacledeslanding.com/wp-content/uploads/2010-Lacledes-Landing-Map. pdf P71: Google Search, Google, https://explorestlouis.com/things-to-do/neighborhoods/lacledes-landing/?asset=56-ig-1124939122662956290_178854342 Google Search, Google, https://explorestlouis.com/things-to-do/neighborhoods/lacledes-landing/ Google Search, Google, https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/new-investment-giving-landing-bigboost#stream/0 P73: Google Search, Google, https://twitter.com/cortexstl/status/839532885271068672

P25: Google Search, Google, https://www.flickr.com/photos/pasa/31911921344 P36-37: Lindberg, Milja. “We House Refugees.” http://www.miljalindberg.com/we-house-refugees.

P38-39: Zhao Yifan, Han Shuo. “Always Growing”. https://www.archdaily.com/888982/archstorming-announces-winners-of-mosul-postwar-camp-competition P40-41: München, Yes Architecture, “BUILDINGS FOR REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS- Study on the reuse of shipping containers.” http://www.makingheimat.de/en/refugee-housing-projects/database/buildings-for-refugees-and-migrants.

P59: Google Search, Google, https://wexfordscitech.com/projects/cortex/ Google Search, Google, https://www.stlmag.com/news/economy-innovation/cortex-continues-topropel-st-louis-forward-as-a-tech-hub/ Google Search, Google, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex_station#/media/File:Cortex_Station_ (44105119291).jpg Google Search, Google, https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/report-finds-cortex-stoking-st-louis-regional-economy#stream/0 Google Search, Google, https://eqstl.com/cortexs-evolution-life-science-district-magnet-st-louis-innovators-feature-series/ P65: Google Search, Google, https://explorestlouis.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/South-Grand-dining-at-night-credit-Dan-Donovan.jpg P70: 84

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