people. (Ref

Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) is a method of determining distances (variable distances) by aiming a laser at an object and measuring the time it takes the reflected light to return to the receiver. It can be used to create 3-D digital representations.

Lidar is widely used to create high-resolution maps and has applications in surveying, geodesy, geomatics, archaeology, geography, geology, geomorphology, seismology, forestry, atmospheric physics, laser guidance, airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), and laser altimetry. (Ref. 03)

To create this scene, a 2020 iPad Pro was used. The app “3D Scanner” aided in scanning this 67 m² house with almost 1.3 million surfaces. The scale of the 3D model is 1:1, the meshes are optimized in the app, the lighting is implemented in the texture file, and since the scanning was done accurately, no further adjustments to the model were needed in this case. (Ref. 03)

Figure 07- The 3D model of the house with no texture.

Figure 08- The 3D model of the house with a texture generated from real-time captured images during scanning.

The sounds of battle fade away and a scene appears with a corpse amidst destroyed buildings. The devastated scene is empty, and the next scene shows people running on 3 bridges. Each bridge represents a specific destination: 1. Inland 2. Neighboring countries 3. Europe, which is the most visible bridge in these frames. The main bridge is metaphorically placed on “the Roman aqueduct” in Lesvos, near the village of Moria. An ancient ruin and historical site, 35 minutes away from another part of the island’s history, the Moria refugee camp. (Ref. 04) Each point of this point cloud* is a symbol for each Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi refugees who have left their countries. The Middle Eastern people has been witnessing nearly 70 conflicts and wars due to many reasons.(Ref. 06) Political Changes, Coups, Revolutions, regional conflicts, Terrorism, and rise of Extremism.

Not only in middle east, but also in any part of the world, many reasons can be the cause for force displacement. Force displacement is one of the results of persecution, conflict, generalized violence or human rights violations. Since 15 march 2011 untill March 2011, the Syrian civil war caused estimated 6.7 million internally displaced & 6.6 million refugees. (Ref. 07) US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the rise of ISIS left more than 43 millions displaced people. (Ref. 08-09)

Figure 09 Figure 10 Figure 11

Fact:

• Not wanting to unintentionally disrespect the people who lost their lives fighting for freedom or the civilians who were killed during a war, I used a 3D scan of a beheaded ISIS member. The video I used was published in the article “Exclusive drone footage captures west Mosul in the throes of war” by CNN on May 1, 2017. (Ref. 05) • Each point of this point cloud is a symbol for each Syrian, Afghan and Iraqi refugees who have left their countries. Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14

Info:

• 3D modeling and photogrammetry were used in the creation of this scene. This part of the video was also rendered using “TwinMotion”, which is one of the real-time rendering software capable of visualizing point clouds. • * A point cloud is a set of data points in space. The points may represent a 3D shape or object. Each point position has its set of Cartesian coordinates (X, Y, Z). Point clouds are generally produced by 3D scanners or by photogrammetry software, which measure many points on the external surfaces of objects around them.(Ref. 10)