Sixth Street Viaduct - Connecting Two Communities

PRE-SETTLEMENT TO MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE

PRE 1781 INDIGENOUS POPULATION

The indigenous people, often called the Kizh, Tongva, and Gabrieleño, occupied the region starting about 3,500 years ago. Before then, the region is estimated to have been inhabited around 8,000 B.C. Sadly, native peoples were nearly lost by 1900, but descendants still remain retaining aspects of their culture.

1891 ORPHANAGE

The Los Angeles Orphan Asylum in Boyle Heights (near Boyle Ave and 7th St) operated for over 6 decades.

1858 ANDREW A. BOYLE

1814 IGLESIA DE NUESTRA SEÑORA

LA REINA CATHOLIC CHURCH

The first church was founded by the Spanish.

Irish born immigrant Andrew Boyle purchased the Paredon Blanco ( White Bluff) tract east of Los Angeles where he built a residence for his family.

1870 DEMOGRAPHIC

Anglo Americans out populate Spanish, Mexican and Native American populations for the first time in Los Angeles.

1897 FIRST CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BOYLE HEIGHTS

St. Mary’s Church is established. Serving a mostly middle class Anglo parish of Italian and Irish Catholics who lived in Boyle Heights.

1781 EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT

11 families and 44 residents settled and founded El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles, a Spanish civil settlement which was to become known simply as Los Angeles. The settlers were of mixed ancestery, including many of African descent. Paredon Blanco (White Bluff) was the name of area which became the Boyle Heights neighborhood.

1821 MEXICO GAINS INDEPENDENCE FROM SPAIN

Mexican independence ushered in an era of population and economic growth for the settlement of Los Angeles. The Old Spanish Trail trade route connecting New Mexico to Los Angeles is in full height from 1829-1848.

1850 CALIFORNIA

BECOMES

CA. 1870 S FIRST BRIDGE ACROSS THE L.A. RIVER Built across Macy Street (now César Chávez Avenue).

1542 EUROPEAN DISCOVERY

Juan Cabrillo, a Portuguese-born explorer for Spain arrived to find a population of indigenous people.

A U.S. STATE

Mexico ceded California to the U.S. in 1848. The population of Los Angeles is still a majority Spanish, Mexican and Native American.

1882

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT

A demand for laborers following the Chinese exclusion act led to the recruitment of Japanese laborers, many of whom settled in Boyle Heights.

1880 S ‘BOOM OF THE EIGHTIES’

Population of Los Angeles swells by five times in this decade and doubles in the next

1917 THE FOUNDING OF BOYLE HEIGHTS

In 1875, a few years after Andrew Boyle left Paredon Blanco to his daughter Maria and her husband William H. Workman, Workman subdivided part of the property as Boyle Heights, along with banker Isaias W. Hellman and merchant John Lazzarevich. Boyle Heights was a fashionable neighborhood for the rest of the 19th century.

Andrew

FORMATION OF A MULTI-ETHNIC CONNUMITY

1910 MEXICAN REVOLUTION

During the decade of revolution, many Mexican migrants came to the U.S. Some of them came to Boyle Heights, where they stayed.

1906 SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE

A number of Japanese Americans fled San Francisco in the aftermath of the 1906 earthquake. Many of them came to Los Angeles, some settled in Boyle Heights, many more formed Little Tokyo across the river.

1904 RUSSIAN FLATS

Molokan members of the Russian Orthodox Church flee persecution from the Russian government, many land in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles where they form a community which becomes referred to as Russian Flats.

1900-17

A mass immigration to the U.S. occurred from 1900-17, many immigrants came to Los Angeles and the multi-ethnic neighborhood of Boyle Heights.

1920 JEWISH INFLUX

Boyle Heights received a large influx in its Jewish community following World War I. Boyle Heights had a highly active synagogue and a Jewish population larger that any west of Chicago.

1942 ALISO VILLAGE

The area of Russian Flats is demolished and developed into Aliso Village, a racially integrated public housing program designed in the style of the garden city movement by Lloyd Wright, son of Frank Lloyd Wright. Aliso Village was highly successful in its first two decades.

1943 ZOOT SUIT RIOTS

Conflict in Los Angeles emerges between Mexican American/ African American youth and American serviceman.

1930 S MEXICAN REPATRIATION

Anti-immigration acts and poverty in the 30s cause the deportation of many Mexican Americans as well as prohibiting the immigration of many Asians and Eastern Europeans.

1908 INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

Zoning laws established in 1908 sought to protect communities on the west side of Los Angeles from industrial development. In turn, small and medium industry buildings located themselves on the east side, in communities such as Boyle Heights.

1910-33 L.A. RIVER EAST SIDE BRIDGES

Six bridges were built across the L.A. river from 1910 to 1933 connecting east side neighborhoods to downtown Los Angeles.

1937 BOYLE HEIGHTS ATHLETIC CLUB

Pictured; illustrates the demographics of Boyle Heights before the emergence the US involvement in World War II

1942 EXECUTIVE ORDER

9066

Shortly after the U.S. enters World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, the forced internment of West Coast Japanese Americans from their communities such as those in Boyle Heights.

1942 BRACERO PROGRAM

A labor agreement between Mexico and the U.S. brings several million Mexican laborers to America to fill the wartime labor void.

1945 POST-WAR GROWTH

Economic expansion and a wave of infrastructure investment follows the end of World War II.

1962 DODGER STADIUM

Hilltops were moved in the grading of the Dodger Stadium located on the tract of land formerly Chavez Ravine.

1950 CHAVEZ RAVINE

Using the power of eminent domain, the City of Los Angeles erased a longstanding barrio of Mexican Americans in what was formerly a 300 acre neighborhood called Chavez Ravine. The purchase was intended to become a public housing project. However, during the anti-communist political climate of the 1950s, the contract fell apart. In a controversial deal, the land was sold to the Brooklyn Dodgers, all former residents were displaced, many to the nearby diverse neighborhood of Boyle Heights.

1960 5 FREEWAY

Interstate 5 is completed

1948 101 FREEWAY

U.S. 101 is completed

1946 10 FREEWAY

Interstate 10 is completed

1946-1965

1965 60 FREEWAY State route 60 is completed. In the process, the Hollenbeck neighborhood was razed.

THE EAST LOS ANGELES

FOUR-HIGHWAY INTERCHANGE

Considered a great feat of civil engineering, this four highway interchange fragmented and displaced the communities it was built over. It has gone on to become one of the busiest freeway interchanges in the world.

1974 CHICANO ART MOVEMENT

The Chicano Art Movement in Los Angeles reaches a high point. Chicano art is displayed at LACMA for the first time. Chicano art covers facades all over Boyle Heights.

1999 PICO GARDENS

2017 BOYLE HEIGHTS DEMOGRAPHICS

As of the 2010 census, 94% of Boyle Heights is Hispanic

1970 By the 1970s

Boyle Heights becomes predominately MexicanAmerican.

1999 DEMOLITION OF ALISO VILLAGE

Aliso Village is demolished making room for the housing development Pueblo Del Sol. This meant a nearly 50% reduction in units, set in the New Urbanist planning style.

Completion of the Pico Gardens public housing development.

2003 PUEBLO DEL SOL

Completion of the Pueblo Del Sol public housing development.

2009 PICO/ALISO LIGHT RAIL

Completion of the Pico/Aliso light rail station.

2016 6TH ST VIADUCT DEMOLISHED

The iconic concrete bridge, designed by Merrill Butler Sr. was demolished in 2016. The bridge was deemed unsound due to alkali–silica reaction occurring in the 80+ year old concrete.

Diego Moderno, 2014 Fabian Debora, courtesy of the artist ManplacingCityHallinamodelofLosAngeles, ca.1940’s,USCDigitalLibrary’sHistorical SocietyCollection HISTORY LATINO IDENTITY

Eviction in Chavez Ravine 1959 & Groundbreaking! 1959 Herald-Examiner Collection, Los Angeles Public Library

SMALL EVENT EVENTOS PEQUENOS

1,800 People / 1,800 Personas

STAGE

east ramp rampa este

on-street parking estacionamiento sobre la calle

E6THST

adult fitness circuit circuito de ejercicios para adultos

linear parking plaza plaza de estacionamiento lineal

BOYLE HEIGHTS

S CLARENCE

ST ANDERSON ST. MISSION ST.

picnic area area de picnic rain garden jardín de lluvia

decomposed granite granito descompuesto

flex court (sized for basketball, futsol, volleyball) cancha deportiva flexibles para basquetbol, fútbol, voleibol

u10 youth synthetic turf soccer field cancha de fútbol de césped sintético para menores de edad u10

restroom & concession baños y concesiones

on-street parking estacionamiento sobre la calle salvaged arch as barrier/seat wall arco salvado como barrera/pared de asiento rain garden jardín de lluvia

S ANDERSON ST

meadow + treed area pradera con area de arboles meadow + treed area pradera con area de arboles

S MISSION RD

boyle heights s. clarence st. EAST PARK: OPTION 03 - BALANCED

landscaped seating area area de descanso en los jardines

rain garden jardín de lluvia

on-street parking estacionamiento sobre la calle

sloped meadow + treed area area de arboles y pradera inclinada

STAGE

LARGE

ESCENARIO GRANDE (40’x40’) 1,300 people 1,300 personas

LARGE EVENT EVENTOS GRANDES

3,300 People / 3,300 Personas

(20’x20’)

101 FREEWAY

landscaped seating area area de descanso en los jardines

S CLARENCE ST

PARQUE ESTE: OPTION 03 - EQUILIBRIO 101 FREEWAY

A B south promenade paseo sur

flexible play and performance lawn césped con area flexible para juegos y espectáculos

childrens play juegos para niños

water play juegos acuáticos para niños

picnic & grilling area area for roasts and picnics

small dog area & large dog area area para perros pequeños y area para perros grandes

flexible play and performance lawn césped con area flexible para juegos y espectáculos

people 500 personas

STAGE ESCENARIO GRANDE (40’x40’) 1,300 people 1,300 personas

SPORTING EVENT EVENTOS DEPORTIVOS

CLARENCE ST ANDERSON ST. MISSION ST. 101 FREEWAY

CLARENCE ST ANDERSON ST. MISSION ST. Mixed Ages Tournament 1 U10 FIELDS 2 U8 FIELDS 2 U6 FIELDS 1 FUTSOL COURTS