Alumnae Authors Booklet

Celebrating Twenty-Five Smith College Alum Contributors MAY 2025 PRESIDENT’S WELCOME President Sarah Willie-LeBreton • 2 EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION Ginetta E.B. Candelario ’90 • 4 ALUM CONTRIBUTORS Sonia E. Alvarez ’78 • Published in Vol. 1 No. 1 (Fall 2000) • 6 Ginetta E.B. Candelario ’90 • Published in Vol. 1 No. 1 (Fall 2000) • 8 Kathleen Banks Nutter AC ’90 • Published in Vol. 1 No. 1 (Fall 2000) • 10 Jessica Horn ’01 • Published in Vol. 1 No. 2 (Spring 2001) • 12 Odilia Rivera-Santos ’01 • Published in Vol. 2 No. 1 (Fall 2001) • 14 Cassandra Shaylor ’92 • Published in Vol. 2 No. 1 (Fall 2001) • 16 Beth Baltimore ’02 • Published in Vol. 2 No. 2 (Spring 2002) • 18 Nina Ha ’94 • Published in Vol. 3 No. 1 (Fall 2002) • 20 Ranu Samantrai ’84 • Published in Vol. 4 No. 2 (Spring 2004) • 22 Laurie Ann Guerrero AC ’08 • Published in Vol. 9 No. 1 (Spring 2009) • 24 Lenelle Moïse ’04 • Published in Vol. 11 No. 1 (Fall 2011) • 26 Itoro Bassey ’09 • Published in Vol. 12 No. 1 (Spring 2014) • 28 Gloria Steinem ’56 • Published in Vol. 12 No. 1 (Spring 2014) • 30 Ileana Jiménez ’97 • Published in Vol. 15 No. 1 (Spring 2016) • 32 Wambui Mwangi ’90 • Published in Vol. 17 No. 2 (Fall 2018) • 34 Neda Maghbouleh ’04 • Published in Vol. 18 No. 2 (Fall 2019) • 36 des velázquez ’19 • Published in Vol. 18 No. 2 (Fall 2019) • 38 Mandira Venkat ’19 • Published in Vol. 18 No. 2 (Fall 2019) • 40 Emma Schubert ’20 • Published in Vol. 19 No. 1 (Spring 2020) • 42 Callie Swaim-Fox ’21 • Published in Vol. 19 No. 1 (Spring 2020) • 44 Sheilena Downey ’20 • Published in Vol. 19 No. 2 (Fall 2020) • 46 Cece Roth-Eagle ’22 • Published in Vol. 23 No. 1 (Spring 2024) • 48 Umayyah Cable ’05 • Published in Vol. 23 No. 2 (Fall 2024) • 50 Caroline Mar ’05 • Published in Vol. 23 No. 2 (Fall 2024) • 52 Maria-Fátima Santos ’10 • Published in Vol. 24 No. 2 (Fall 2025) • 54 SMITH ALUM AUTHORS BOOKLET ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • 56

President’s WELCOME From a nascent idea to a cornerstone of intersectional transnational feminist thought, Meridians has launched, built, and shaped cutting-edge scholarship and creative work for 25 years. Moments like this—to reflect on the challenges and savor the successes that come from such deep collaboration—are particularly important. The searing and searching essays and poetry, the evidence-based scholarship, and the radically inclusive vision advanced in the pages of Meridians offer a trenchant intervention and antidote to the domestic chaos and global upheaval under which so much of the planet’s people live and with which Meridians contributors have always engaged.

For Meridians authors, perhaps particularly those who are also Smith alums, Meridians is more than a journal; it is a space of mutual support, even a home. Reading the

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reflections, I am struck by the themes of openness, hope, determination, and community.

My wish for you, as you familiarize yourself with this booklet, is that you feel the fierce passion of these authors and the truth of their subjects, and that you gain an appreciation of the global community Meridians has created and sustained. As we gather to celebrate the accomplishments of Meridians, I am both honored and grateful that Smith College is the journal’s home, that alums continue to play essential roles as authors and supporters, and that you are here to help write the next chapters.

Congratulations Meridians, and my very best wishes for the next 25 years!

Sarah Willie-LeBreton President of Smith College

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EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION Smith Alum Authors Booklet

I am thrilled to introduce you to the 251 wonderful Smithies who have contributed their talents to the success of the Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism project during the journal’s first 25 years. Meridians was conceived and founded at Smith College in the late 1990s by four visionary faculty members—Elizabeth Alexander (English), Ann Arnett Ferguson (Afro-American Studies), Nancy Saporta Sternbach (Spanish and Latin American & Latina/o Studies), and Susan Van Dyne (Women’s Studies)—with the enthusiastic support of then-President Ruth J. Simmons. Those founders curated the first issue with the help of an editorial collective that included faculty from both Smith College and Wesleyan University, whose press was the journal’s first publisher.

Published in the fall of 2000, the first issue exemplified the innovative contributions Meridians would go on to make, from including creative writing, activists’ reports, testimonios, and experimental work alongside conventional research-based scholarship. The primary commonality of these features lies in their commitment to showcasing transnational women of color feminist and anti-racist knowledge production in all its glorious, innovative diversity. As President Simmons put it, “Women of color have many histories, and these histories can be brought into full and useful relief by providing opportunities for these women to speak for themselves.” That is what Meridians has done and will continue to do into the future, thanks to the home that Smith College has continued to provide for this work, to the generosity of alumnae donors who funded an endowment to support our work in perpetuity, and to the alum scholars, artists, activists, and achievers who have contributed to the Meridians project’s success.

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I hope you will be inspired to read their full pieces, all of which we’ve linked via QR code; peruse the rest of our wonderful catalog; sign up for our newsletter; follow us on social media; and share our work in your networks.

I also invite you to join us—in person or virtually—when we celebrate Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism with a 25th Anniversary Symposium to be held at Smith College, October 24 to 25, 2025. This two-day event will open with a dinner in honor of our founders, our editors emeritae Kum-Kum Bhavnani and Paula J. Giddings, and our lead champions on campus—President Sarah Willie-LeBreton and Provost and Dean of the Faculty Daphne Lamothe. The second day will be devoted to showcasing the contributions of 17 Meridians activists, artists, poets, and scholars, who will speak about their work and the role Meridians has played in their fields and professional lives.

As this commemorative booklet makes clear, Smithies have much to be proud of in 2025 as we celebrate both the college’s sesquicentennial and Meridians’ 25th anniversary. May these celebrations strengthen our resolve to continue realizing Sophia Smith’s mandate that alumnae use their “influence in reforming the evils of society,” which strikes me as more important now than ever.

Ginetta E.B. Candelario ’90 Editor, Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism

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We were pleased to discover that we have actually published 26 Smith alums, and invited all of them to participate in this commemoration, but one did not respond to our emails so unfortunately they are not included here.

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Sonia E. Alvarez ’78 Biography

SMITH INFO Major:

Government and Latin American Studies

House: Lamont

CURRENT INFO Job Title:

Leonard J. Horwitz Professor Emerita and Professor Emerita of Political Science

Affiliation:

University of Massachusetts Amherst

Location:

Amherst, MA

Sonia E. Alvarez is a feminist, antiracist, anti-capitalist intellectualactivist who has been connected with feminisms and a range of other movements in Brazil, Latin America, and the U.S. since the 1980s. Since 2022, she has held the titles of Distinguished Professor Emerita of Political Science and Leonard J. Horwitz Professor Emerita of Latin American Politics and Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Alvarez is the author or co-editor of eight books and several special journal issues, and has published over 120 essays and book chapters—many written collaboratively—in Portuguese, Spanish, and English. She writes on topics including movements, feminist politics, NGOs, civil society, race and racism, transnational activism, protest, and democratization. Alvarez is a former President of the Latin American Studies Association and Director of the Center for Latin American, Caribbean, and Latino Studies at University of Massachusetts Amherst. She has co-coordinated the Colectiva Protesta since the early 2010s.

Excerpt “In some contexts, local activists’ engagement in exchanges driven by an IGO-advocacy logic also 6

ESSAY

“Translating the Global: Effects of Transnational Organizing on Local Feminist Discourses and Practices in Latin America” Published in Vol. 1 No. 1 (Fall 2000)

spurred the geographical, intranational decentering of feminism—that is, its diffusion beyond an original, usually small, ‘hegemonic core’ of activists, organizations, and issues (Stein 1995). The sanctioning and even encouragement of ‘civil society participation’ in UN conference processes by local, national, and international public authorities confers ‘official’ legitimacy on related movement activities—providing an additional top-down incentive for participation by activists who might not otherwise have been involved, and sometimes granting participants increased access to local and national policy microphones” (46).

Reflection Our essay and photos about the first Black Women’s March in Brazil in 2015 were part of my continued effort to transnationalize and translate diverse feminisms in the Americas. A second national march is scheduled to take place in Brasília in November 2025 and is expected to draw over 1 million Black women and allies.

See more at smith.edu/sonia-alvarez 7

Ginetta E.B. Candelario ’90 Biography

Parsons, Sessions, Friedman A3

I am a Professor of Sociology and Latin American & Latina/o Studies at Smith College, where I joined the faculty in 1999 after a Mendenhall Fellowship Year (1998–1999). My work focuses on questions of race and racial identity, particularly in terms of Blackness in the Americas, as well as on feminism, women’s movements, and Hispanic Caribbean communities in the United States, with a particular focus on Dominicans at home and in diaspora. My Dominican mother’s motto—“saber es poder/knowledge is power”—has inspired my life’s work as a transnational feminist educator, scholar, and activist. I have had the honor of directing the Meridians project since 2017.

CURRENT INFO

Excerpt

SMITH INFO Major:

Economics

Minor:

Public Policy

Houses:

Job Title:

Professor of Sociology and Latin American & Latina/o Studies, and Editor of Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism

Affiliation:

Smith College

Location:

Northampton, MA

“The explicit work of the salon, the transformation of a Dominican woman’s hair into a culturally acceptable sign of beauty, hinges the customer’s sense of self and beauty on certain racialized norms and models. The Dominican salon acts as a socializing agent. Hair care and salon use are rites of passage into Dominican women’s community. At the salon, girls and women learn to transform their bodies—through hair care, waxing,

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ESSAY

“Hair Race-ing: Dominican Beauty Culture and Identity Production” Published in Vol. 1 No. 1 (Fall 2000)

manicuring, pedicuring, facials, and so forth—into socially valued, culturally specific, and race-determining displays of femininity” (135).

Reflection My essay, “Hair Race-ing: Dominican Beauty Culture and Identity Production,” was published in the first issue of Meridians in the fall of 2000.

My participation was encouraged by the founding editorial collective who invited me to submit a chapter from my dissertation project, which I was working on in 1998 while I was a Mendenhall Doctoral Dissertation Fellow at Smith College. I was thrilled that “Hair Race-ing” was accepted for publication, and honored to become part of the Meridians Editorial Advisory Board when I joined the faculty at Smith in 1999. Despite working with Meridians in various capacities over the next decade and a half, I was completely surprised when I was asked to step into the role of editor after Paula Giddings retired in 2016. With Paula’s encouragement and support, I accepted the offer and became the journal’s fourth editor in July of 2017. It has been an incredibly enriching experience in every way.

See more at smith.edu/ people/ginetta-candelario 9

Kathleen Banks Nutter AC ’90 Biography After taking “early” retirement from Smith College in 2019, I have continued to work on multiple projects of interest, including as a research affiliate through the Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Department (SWGS) working on the Reproductive Justice History in Action Project. I have also been working Photo by Patricia Reeve

on an article titled “’Welfare Mother to Run for Governor’: The 1990 Campaign of Dottie Stevens.”

SMITH INFO Major: History

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Research Affiliate, Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality

Affiliation: Smith College

Location: Northampton, MA

Excerpts “The papers of Constance Baker Motley, the first African American woman elected to the New York State Senate and the first appointed to a federal judgeship, document more than a life of extraordinary achievement. Motley’s papers also provide ample, and at times, dramatic evidence of the prolonged struggle for racial equality in postWorld War II America. That this one woman of color chose to engage in that struggle through the legal system gives a particular slant to these papers” (204).

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IN THE ARCHIVES

“The Papers of Constance Baker Motley: Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College” Published in Vol. 1 No. 1 (Fall 2000)

“Potential topics of research within the Motley Papers include discrimination and racism in the U.S. and the efforts to combat both through the civil rights movement; affirmative action for African Americans and women, urban renewal in New York City in the 1960s, and women in politics, in the legal profession, and in the judiciary” (206).

Reflection During my long association with the Sophia Smith Collection (SSC), first as a student worker while an Ada Comstock Scholar (1988–1990) and then as an archivist (1996–2003 and 2011–2019), I had the great privilege to be a part of the Voices of Feminism Oral History Project, interviewing several women involved in the labor movement during the 1970s onward, as well as the opportunity to work with countless student researchers, from grade school through graduate school, interested in the holdings of the SSC. I was honored to contribute a piece highlighting one of its excellent collections: the papers of trailblazer Constance Baker Motley.

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Jessica Horn ’01 Biography

Photo by Sarah Waiswa

SMITH INFO Major: Anthropology

House: Friedman

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Senior Research Fellow

Affiliation: Moleskine Foundation

Location: Nairobi, Kenya

Jessica Horn is an East African feminist writer, practitioner, and ‘what next’ thinker. Grounded in feminist activist work around body politics, she entered philanthropy at a time when there were comparatively few African women/Black women in the field. At the African Women’s Development Fund—Africa’s first feminist fund— she pioneered the Futures initiative, and led programming through a multimillion budget growth. Jessica became the first African woman to lead the Ford Foundation’s East Africa office. Dedicated to amplifying women’s agency, she co-founded Our Africa—a platform profiling African women’s analysis on openDemocracy.

Jessica was named African Woman Changemaker by ARISE Magazine and one of Applause Africa’s 40 most influential Africans under 40. She served as Commissioner on the Lancet Commission on Gender and Global Health and is a founding member of the African Feminist Forum. She is the author of African Feminist Praxis: Cartographies of Liberatory Worldmaking.

Excerpt “Toni Cade Bambara once said, ‘Writing is the way I participate in the struggle.’ I have tried to participate 12

INTERVIEW

“Edwidge Danticat: An Intimate Reader” Published in Vol. 1 No. 2 (Spring 2001)

in the struggle with my writing and also with other community activities. However, in whatever other ways I serve, writing will always be my first response. For example, if I see an injustice being done, my first reaction is, ‘Maybe I can write about it.’ It’s an immediate reflex for me. Can we change things by writing about them? I am not sure.

But it’s always my first reaction” (23).

Reflection I worked at Meridians as a student intern in its inaugural years and helped organize the first Meridians conference, which was like a gathering of a lineage of inspiration! It was a journal, but it was also a political ground for feminists of color to nurture a new space for thought and analysis. I had the privilege of interviewing Edwidge Danticat for Meridians. I say privilege because, as a high school student, Danticat’s novels offered me a first in-depth understanding of Haiti’s history, told beautifully and painfully through the lives of women. When we read, we often form a deep sense of kinship with the writing, but interviewing her allowed me to consider a kinship in purpose. It was also my first experience of contributing to the documentation of Black women thinkers and their voices, a practice I have continued to grow in my own activist and professional work, documenting the biographies and praxis of African feminists.

See more at stillsherises.com 13

Odilia RiveraSantos ’01 Biography Odilia Rivera-Santos, MAPP is a Puerto Rican author whose fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and interviews have appeared in print and online journals.

She holds a BA in Comparative Literature and Writing from Smith College and an MA in Positive Psychology from the University of Pennsylvania. Ms. Rivera-Santos is a certified career and personal coach and writer.

SMITH INFO Major: Comparative Literature

Minor: Writing

CURRENT INFO

Reflection At Smith, I received tremendous encouragement with my writing, especially from Professor Annie Boutelle. I decided to write about issues of gender, culture, family, and the conflicting relationships we can have with all of them. It was exhilarating to have my work accepted for publication in such a beautifully created journal. It was definitely a high point in my writing life and my time at Smith.

Job Title: Personal Coach and Writer

Location: New York, NY

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POETRY

“Gardens” Published in Vol. 2 No. 1 (Fall 2001)

The porch is white a dark-skinned man wears a white suit I sneak into his backyard to eat yellow flowers; orange is not my color at five years old, the smell of green cigars drew me to his garden and the grandfather clock chimes; I hear it Everywhere.

Blond cinnamon-skinned boys walk by we wait on the porch for the mangos to ripen with red spots.

POETRY

“Mami Haikus” Published in Vol. 2 No. 1 (Fall 2001)

Wields a machete eyes afire with unlived dreams her song is still sweet Ella quería Ella no pudo tener Su propio fuego 15

Cassandra Shaylor ’92 Biography

Job Title:

Cassandra Shaylor is an activist, attorney, and artist based in Oakland, California. She is the co-founder and former co-director of Justice Now and a co-founder of Critical Resistance, both abolitionist organizations focused on building a world free of carcerality in all its forms. Her academic and written work has centered on issues of women in prison, abolition, and the intersections of race, sexuality, gender, and punishment. She is currently the Development Director at the East Bay Meditation Center—a justicefocused organization that centers BIPOC, LGBTQIA+ folks, people living with disabilities, and other historically marginalized people—where she offers mindfulness meditation training and radically inclusive community building. Over the past few years, she has focused on nonprofit fundraising and development, as well as spending time with her fierce, feminist 12-yearold daughter.

Activist, Attorney, and Artist

Excerpt

SMITH INFO Major: English

House: King

CURRENT INFO

Affiliation: East Bay Meditation Center

Location: Oakland, CA

“There is an ironic but telling similarity between the economic impact of the prison industrial complex and that of the military industrial complex, with which it shares important structural features. Both systems simultaneously produce vast profits 16

ESSAY

“Race, Gender, and the Prison Industrial Complex: California and Beyond” Published in Vol. 2 No. 1 (Fall 2001)

and social destruction. What is beneficial to the corporations, politicians, and state entities involved in these systems brings blight and death to poor and racially marginalized communities throughout the world. In the case of the prison industrial complex, the transformation of imprisoned bodies of color into consumers and/or producers of an immense range of commodities effectively transforms public funds into profit, leaving little in the way of social assistance to bolster the efforts of women and men who want to overcome barriers erected by poverty and racism” (3).

Reflection Now that we are in a period when the concept of abolition in relation to prisons and policing is broadly accepted and critiques of the carceral state are ubiquitous, it may be hard to believe that only 25 years ago, when the piece I co-wrote and published in Meridians, that was not at all the case. Conditions inside prisons, particularly for those languishing in prisons for women, were largely invisible, and the intersections of race, gender, and imprisonment were inadequately analyzed. My mentor and comrade Angela Davis and I wrote an essay about these issues for the UN World Conference Against Racism which was held in Durban, South Africa, in 2001, to highlight the connections between human rights and women’s rights, and to raise awareness about the global implications of what was happening in women’s prisons in the United States. We were approached by then-editor Kum-Kum Bhavnani in the early days of Meridians about editing and reprinting the piece, which gave it a new audience, a broader reach, and a much longer life, for which we are immensely grateful. The fact that the essay is still in circulation, used as a tool by those seeking to learn about and challenge the prison industrial complex in order to imagine and build abolitionist futures, is a testament to the important work Meridians has done and continues to do in the world.

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Beth Baltimore ’02 Biography

SMITH INFO Major:

Women’s Studies

Minor: Spanish

House: Baldwin

CURRENT INFO Job Title:

Director of Pro Bono and Civil Legal Initiatives

Affiliation:

The Door, Legal Services Center

Location:

New York, NY

Beth Baltimore is the Director of Pro Bono and Civil Legal Initiatives at The Door’s Legal Services Center, where she oversees the office’s work representing unhoused immigrant youth. She was previously the Legal Manager/ Immigration Specialist at Justice in Motion (JiM), where she worked with human rights defenders from Mexico and Central America and participated in the Steering Committee for Ms. L v. ICE. Prior to JiM, Beth spent over a decade as a Senior Staff Attorney and Immigration Specialist at Legal Services NYC where she provided holistic civil legal services to low-income New Yorkers. Her practice focused on working with LGBTQ and HIV-affected people and survivors of violence. Beth is a graduate of Smith College and Brooklyn Law School, and was also a Fellow with the Shriver Center’s Racial Justice Institute. She was one of the first recipients of Public Service Loan Forgiveness, a program threatened by the Trump administration.

Excerpt

“In the name of progress, pluralism, tolerance, and liberty, you do not leave any option for those of us who do benefit from having the good fortune of liberty and the fruits of civilization that you want to defend for your nation, and those of us who never sided with terrorism since we were its victims. There are no options for us who are proud expressions of other civilizations, who live day by day with the hope 18

CREATING AN ARCHIVE : SEPTEMBER 11—A FEMINIST ARCHIVE

“Rigoberta Menchú Envio Carta a George W. Bush/Letter from Rigoberta Menchú to President George W. Bush” Published in Vol. 2 No. 2 (Spring 2002)

of converting discrimination and pillaging to achieving recognition and respect, who carry in our souls the painful genocide perpetrated against our peoples, us who, in short, are tired of providing the victims for other nations’ wars. We cannot share the arrogance of your infallibility nor the single path down which you wish to push us when you affirm that ‘All nations in all regions should make a decision now: either you are with us or with the terrorists’” (276–77; excerpt from a letter by Rigoberta Menchú, translated from Spanish by Beth Baltimore ’02).

Reflection Rereading Rigoberta Menchú’s letter to George W. Bush and my translation, along with the essays and statements in “September 11: A Feminist Archive” brings me back to the fall of 2001, my senior year at Smith, and the deep impact 9/11 had on so many of our lives that year. I vividly remember leaving class early and sitting with other New Yorkers in Baldwin House trying to reach our families that day. I recall going home for fall break a few weeks later and protesting the U.S. invasion in Afghanistan as well as the rampant public anti-Muslim rhetoric and attacks across the country. Some of my classes changed their focus that semester to respond to 9/11 with a feminist lens and critique of war. The last few years have made me think about 2001 and the ongoing harm that persists from the U.S. invasion in Afghanistan. In 2021, the chaotic withdrawal of the U.S. military from Afghanistan led to the separation of hundreds of Afghan children from their parents at the Kabul airport. I worked with many unaccompanied Afghan children in immigration detention and supported the reunification efforts with their parents, which was unnecessarily difficult because of U.S. government action, or in-action.

Watching the U.S.-supported and funded war on Gaza and deaths of over 45,000 Palestinians over the last 17 months is another reminder that we must continue to resist the U.S. government’s racist and xenophobic policies in our own spheres and work in solidarity with those impacted.

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Nina Ha ’94 Biography

Photo by Melissa Ripepi

SMITH INFO Major: English

Minor: Government

House: Tyler

Nina Ha is the Director of the Beyond Boundaries Collaborative District, overseeing the APIDA+ (Asian Pacific Islander Desi American) Center and affiliated faculty in Sociology at Virginia Tech. She has a PhD in English from the University of Massachusetts Amherst, an MA in Asian American Studies from the University of California, Los Angeles, and a BA in English from Smith College. Her academic expertise is in Vietnamese and diasporic literature, Asian American Studies, Ethnic American Studies, Women’s and Gender Studies, and Global/ Transnational Studies. Through her initiative, the US Department of Education designated Virginia Tech as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution, AANAPISI, which is a first for an institution in Southwest Virginia.

CURRENT INFO

Excerpt

Job Title:

“My family’s trajectory of migration and settlement has made me think in more complicated ways about the history of migration for Asian Americans, about how what happens ‘over there’ in Asia produces narratives of migration and displacement ‘over here’ in the Americas. For many Asian American communities, the trajectory of

Director of the APIDA+ Center, and Affiliate Faculty in Sociology

Affiliation: Virginia Tech

Location: Blacksburg, VA

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INTERVIEW

“When Ten Minus Two Equals Zero: An Interview with Sanda Lwin” Published in Vol. 3 No. 1 (Fall 2002)

migration is not a straight shot from a country of origin in Asia to the U.S., but rather a series of multiple migrations—for example, from India to Uganda to Great Britain to Canada—an instance which points to the need for more emphasis on dialectical understandings of empire and immigration. Those very sites which may be thought of as ‘postcolonial’ also may be thought of as sites in which decolonization in many ways has failed—it is this failure of decolonization that often produces, either by political force or for economic reasons, migratory displacements to places like the UK or North America” (203).

Reflection Because my published piece was an interview, to this day I encourage the production of oral histories as a way to record the contributions of Asian Pacific Islander Desi Americans (APIDAs), especially since there has been a history of erasing, obscuring, or disregarding what APIDAs have accomplished not only in the U.S. but also the diaspora. Through my work as a teacher, scholar, and social justice advocate, I recognize the importance of laying claim to and publishing the experiences of APIDAs so that they cannot get lost. Thus, the opportunity to contribute to Meridians was such a unique privilege.

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Ranu Samantrai ’84 Biography

SMITH INFO Major: English

House:

I recently retired from a career as Professor of English that began at Smith College and ended at Indiana University. I am the author of AlterNatives: Black Feminism in the Post-Imperial Nation (2002), numerous articles on diasporic and Black and Asian British literatures, and co-editor of Interdisciplinarity and Social Justice (2010). Though centered primarily on England, my research traces broad processes of uneven decolonization with publications on the evolution of the national legal framework, the rise of diasporic cultures, conflicts regarding gender norms, and attendant shifts in expressive cultural practices.

Tyler

Excerpts

CURRENT INFO

“The trajectory of influences Zarina traces is far more intricate than the notion of separate cultural and aesthetic traditions that mix into new syncretic forms. She suggests that by engaging critically with one tradition and proceeding through it, we can reach another. Each tradition is already hybridized, and each one opens into others. By inhabiting one tradition deeply we discover an avenue of entry into others” (175).

“To draw blueprints would be to portray the past as fully available to

Job Title: Retired Associate Professor in English

Affiliation: Indiana University

Location: Bloomington, IN

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COUNTERPOINT

“Cosmopolitan Cartographies: Art in a Divided World” Published in Vol. 4 No. 2 (Spring 2004)

the present. But Zarina’s prints are not about retrieval, preservation or return.

Still less are they about stripping away flux and change to create artifacts for the heritage industry. The home she recalls is irretrievably foreign and distant, but nonetheless exerts its influence in the here and now. Her work is a commentary on memory and tenacity, and is often prompted by loss” (181).

Reflection This work signals a shift from my early, highly analytical writing to the more exploratory, figurative work to which I turned post-tenure. My previous work had always been interdisciplinary, and in that way experimental, so my subsequent work never lost footing in research-based analysis.

Nevertheless, the accomplishment of tenure gave me permission to acknowledge the personal, to examine expressive forms in which I was not an expert, and to prioritize the aesthetics of language in my own writing.

Zarina Hashmi, the subject of this interview-essay, bridged a life in the East with a life in the West, leading to work embodying the aesthetics and histories of both locales. Through her, I, too, was able to bridge the personal and professional, with the happy result that my work gained in authenticity and integrity. It would have been challenging to place this pivotal piece of writing anywhere other than with Meridians; the journal is unusual in its embrace of the full spectrum of analytical and expressive cultural production. I’m honored to have participated in its mission by virtue of my involvement in the journal’s founding, my service as a member of its board, and again as one of its authors.

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Laurie Ann Guerrero AC ’08 Biography

SMITH INFO Major:

English Language & Literature, Sophia Smith Scholar in Poetry

House:

Off campus

CURRENT INFO Job Title:

Associate Professor and Writer-in-Residence

Affiliation:

Department of Language, Literature and Arts, Texas A&M University

Location:

San Antonio, TX

Laurie Ann Guerrero, born and raised in the Southside of San Antonio, is the author of four collections: Babies under the Skin (Panhandler 2007), A Tongue in the Mouth of the Dying (Notre Dame 2013), A Crown for Gumecindo (Aztlan Libre 2015), and I Have Eaten the Rattlesnake: New & Selected (TCU 2021).

She is the former Poet Laureate of the city of San Antonio (2014–2016) and the state of Texas (2016–2017). She is an Associate Professor and the Writerin-Residence at Texas A&M UniversitySan Antonio.

Reflection The poem I published in Meridians, “How I Put Myself through School,” was a poem I wrote while I was an Ada Comstock Scholar at Smith. At the time, I had three small children and did various cleaning jobs to make ends meet. To have that poem published in Meridians while I was still a student at Smith was incredibly empowering to me. I was working hard to take care of my children, to write two creative manuscripts as a Sophia Smith Scholar, and to do the coursework for my English degree (technically a double major). The support and encouragement I got from my professors was vital, but this publication—at that time—in which I detailed the shame around race 24

POETRY

“How I Put Myself through School” Published in Vol. 9 No. 1 (Spring 2009) There is a label specifically for organic meats and caviar on the refrigerator shelf of the woman whose house I clean.

Another on a rack for the well-traveled chardonnays and sauvignons, below the crystal champagne flutes, reminding me what goes where.

I systematize her cupboards and nail-clipping-infested junk drawer, while her children, the underweight, disobedient darlings, stare as I reshelve their dolls and brand-new books. Stare as their mother stares. Stare as I pour the ajo y cebolla of my blood into a pot of rice that will end up in the trash because of its spice. Stare as I shake the wrinkles out of faded cotton panties and boxer shorts— the lingering heat of the dryer taking me to a bedroom I never wanted to be in. Sweat beading at the bridge of my nose, I accept the clothes she collects in trash bags for my daughters who are younger but much bigger, knowing they will never fit, and wonder, if she could, would she pierce the skin of my gut, scrape the eggs from my womb, spread them like a good Beluga, eliminating me and any other chance at adding to the fiery Chicanitas who ask, Why do you take her used things, Mama (30)?

and class issues, gave me the courage I needed to keep working toward my goals. The publication at Meridians made me feel seen—there, at Smith. The writing process has always been a way to work out my truths and to hold a mirror to myself. I read this poem now, nearly 20 years after I wrote it, and I think of the women in my family who did jobs like this to keep their families fed. I was so ashamed then, but it was an honor, I see now, to be able to do that work. It was an honor that while I did it to keep my own babies fed, I was also writing and getting a Smith College education.

See more at laurieannguerrero.com 25

Lenelle Moïse ’04 Biography Lenelle Moïse is a writer and theater artist, born in the Caribbean and raised in Massachusetts. Her play K-I-S-S-I-N-G was a winner of the 2023 Elliot Norton Award for Outstanding New Script, an international finalist for the 2024 Susan Smith Blackburn Prize, and a citation recipient for the 2024 Steinberg/ATCA New Play Award.

Fueled by radical optimism, Lenelle’s artistic influences include bebop, hip-hop, nature-based spirituality, queer liberation, and memory. She wrote, composed, and co-starred in the off-Broadway show Expatriate.

Her play Merit won The Ruby Prize and was featured on The Kilroys List after workshops at Hedgebrook, the Huntington Theatre, and the Photo by Vanessa Vargas New Black Fest at the Lark. Her writing appears in many anthologies, including Word Warriors: 35 Women Leaders in the Spoken Word Revolution.

Lenelle’s collection of poetry, Haiti Glass, was a PEN Oakland Josephine Miles Award winner. She earned an MFA in Playwriting from Smith College.

SMITH INFO

CURRENT INFO

Major:

Job Title: Poet, Playwright, Screenwriter

MFA in Playwriting

Location: Northampton, MA

26

POETRY

“because john doe is not a haitian name” Published in Vol. 11 No. 1 (Fall 2011)

a rotting smell where the school once stood a hungry shrill where the guava tree grew last night before the earth ate port-au-prince a bleeding orphan was somebody’s baby

knew marie, dieudonne, tantee knew yves-pierre, jean-jean, timarc who will christen those who named us with intention? a poet also died in the earthquake (106-7).

& that somebody was pretty or plain & that somebody was saucy or shrinking & that somebody made love, made mistakes & that somebody ate mosquitoes, chewed cane & léogâne served the lwa, praised the lord & jacmel danced well, clapped instead & carrefour had a temper, had a gift & that somebody atop a mass grave

See more at lenellemoise.com 27

Itoro Bassey ’09 Biography

Photo by Nakiya Nash-Prince

SMITH INFO Major: African American Studies

Minor: Theatre

House: Cushing

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Journalist and Producer

Affiliation: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

Location: Washington, D.C.

Itoro Bassey is a Nigerian American author whose work explores migration, identity, gender, and belonging, centering the experiences of Nigerian and Nigerian American women. She has been published in numerous literary journals, including NELLE and Fence, and has a forthcoming story in Callaloo. Her short fiction has been nominated for a Pushcart Prize and recognized by International Literary Seminars.

Her debut short story collection, Ajebutter Women, won the W.S. Porter Prize and will be published by Regal House Publishing in 2027. She has received awards and fellowships from the Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study, International Literary Seminars, and the Edward Albee Foundation. She also serves as a board member for The Inner Loop, a literary organization supporting emerging writers in the D.C. area.

In addition to her literary work, Itoro reports on major global news stories for the BBC as a producer.

Excerpt “Mama decided to remember the woman’s name. She was not raised to be lazy with her mouth. Or to call anyone out of their given name. And she decided to remember exactly who this woman was. A name to speak for 28

CULTUREWORKS

“The Birth”

Published in Vol. 12 No. 1 (Spring 2014)

what those fast eyes and slow mouth gave away.

Mbu buk! See through. No desk or paper over the face could hide what was really there.

And at that moment she knew she would have a baby girl and name her Affiah. It was out of spite.

This Affiah would do it right. And this Affiah would never swallow herself in a stifled, ‘Thank you for your time.’

She’ll do much better than I’ve done” (33).

Reflection Being published in Meridians over 10 years ago was a turning point for me as a writer. At the time, I published “The Birth” under the name Itoro Udofia, and I was unsure of where my writing would take me or if my stories even mattered. Seeing my work in Meridians, a journal deeply committed to amplifying the voices of women of color, gave me the confidence to keep going. That story would later become a chapter in my debut novel, Faith, and remains one of the most foundational pieces I’ve ever written.

I still remember speaking with Dr. Paula Giddings, who encouraged me to keep writing. Her words stayed with me, especially in moments when doubt crept in. My work has always explored themes of transnationalism, migration, and feminism—how we inherit and transform histories and how we make sense of belonging in a world that often fractures identity.

This is why Meridians has always felt like a home for my work. The journal’s dedication to intersectional feminist discourse and global perspectives mirrors the very questions that have shaped my career.

Since then, I’ve gone on to write, travel, and immerse myself in journalism and literature, now working at the BBC as a producer. No matter where my writing takes me, I will always credit Meridians for affirming my voice when I needed it most.

See more at itorobassey.net 29

Gloria Steinem ’56 Biography

Photo by Katie Lyman

SMITH INFO Major: Government

House: Cushing

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Writer, Activist, and Organizer

Location: New York, NY

Gloria Steinem is a writer, lecturer, political activist, and feminist organizer. She has spent decades traveling in the U.S. and other countries as an organizer and lecturer and is a frequent media spokeswoman on issues of equality.

She is particularly interested in the shared origins of sex and race caste systems, gender roles, and child abuse as roots of violence, nonviolent conflict resolution, the cultures of Indigenous peoples, and organizing across boundaries for peace and justice. In 2013, President Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, this country’s highest civilian honor. She has authored many books, including My Life on the Road, which was adapted into a feature length film, The Glorias. She lives in New York City.

Excerpt “I have to say what gives me hope is that there are original cultures where prostitution didn’t exist as far as anybody knows. Rape didn’t seem to—if you read the letters of Europeans who came here shortly after Columbus, they’re amazed that indigenous people didn’t rape, even their female prisoners. They were very shocked that they didn’t beat 30

IN THE TRENCHES

“Trafficking Sex: Politics, Policy, Personhood A Conversation with Gloria Steinem and Ruchira Gupta” Published in Vol. 12 No. 1 (Spring 2014)

their children. They thought that was really wrong. You have to beat the devil out of your children (laughs). But it is so clearly a function of inequality and the enshrining of a passive, dominant, violent, victims’ cult of masculinity, the cult of femininity, and so on. It makes me feel hopeful when I read and listen to my Native American friends, or letters from the past, that say, ‘Well what did Columbus call primitive? Equal women’; they sort of have to make a joke out of it in order to survive. But for 95% of human history we had a different idea, a cooperative, mutually pleasurable idea of sexuality” (186).

Reflection I am grateful to Meridians and Smith College for re-publishing this discussion of sex trafficking, an issue then and now, in the lives of mostly women in both India and the United States. There is a reason why this body invasion is still an allurable enterprise in both our countries, despite laws against it, and also why more now, the person being sold may be more likely to be punished than the person who is the buyer. I hope this will be the beginning of a discussion about the differences of then and now, and the progress we hope for in the future.

See more at gloriasteinem.com

31

Ileana Jiménez ’97 Biography

SMITH INFO Major: English

House: Lawrence

CURRENT INFO Job Title: PRODIG+ Postdoctoral Fellow and Faculty in Women‘s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (WGSS)

Affiliation: Stony Brook University

Location: Stony Brook, NY

Ileana Jiménez is a leader in the global feminism-in-schools movement and creator of the hashtags #HSfeminism and #K12feminism. She is currently a postdoctoral fellow in the English department at Stony Brook University in New York. Her research focuses on Black and Latina feminisms, feminist and queer pedagogies, and digital feminist activism in the high school English classroom. An English teacher-activist and scholar, she taught women of color feminisms and queer literature classes at the high school level for over 25 years, and has also taught courses at Barnard College, New York University, and Teachers College, Columbia University. In 2011, she received a Fulbright to interview queer and trans high school students in Mexico City. She received her BA in English Literature at Smith College, an MA in English Literature at Middlebury College, and a PhD in English Education from Teachers College, Columbia University. She is @feministteacher on social media platforms.

Excerpt “Ultimately, we remain interested and hopeful in what our students’ development as young Black feminists continually provides for us in terms of pedagogical reflection as we attempt to grow as queer, feminist, 32

PEDAGOGY

“Lessons in Transgressions: #BlackGirlsMatter and the Feminist Classroom” Published in Vol. 15 No. 1 (Spring 2016)

women of color educators committed to social justice and educational transformation in an increasingly diverse and social media-driven culture beset by political struggles and challenges. Our students’ transformations confirm for us the promise that teaching Black feminism in schools yields just as many rich opportunities for resistance and change as it does joy and love” (30).

Reflection It was an honor to co-author “Lessons in Transgression: #BlackGirlsMatter and the Feminist Classroom” with Dr. Stephanie Troutman Robbins in 2016.

During the previous year at NWSA’s annual conference (National Women’s Studies Association), Kaye Whitehead approached us to co-author this piece for a special issue on Black girl activism.

Stephanie and I saw this as our opportunity to highlight our work in both high school and college classrooms, as we strongly believe that teaching Black feminism to young people is important for developing critical consciousness and activist identities, especially for Black women and girls.

We also wanted to model how a women’s and gender studies professor and a classroom teacher could collaborate on projects such as writing an article, creating curricula, and practicing pedagogy with activism.

Too often, teachers and scholars are isolated from each other, and we wanted to demonstrate that collaboration between feminist teachers and feminist academia is crucial and urgent work. Stephanie and I continue to collaborate on supporting critical feminist pedagogies in the high school classroom, and we are honored that scholars across the country include our article in their teacher education syllabi for graduate and undergraduate students, fostering the next generation of feminist educators and activists.

See more at feministteacher.com

33

Wambui Mwangi ’90 Biography Wambui Mwangi attended Loreto Convent Valley Road, Northfield Mount Hermon School, Smith College (1990), McGill University, and earned a PhD in Political Theory and International Relations from the University of Photo by Jerry Riley Pennsylvania. Wambui has taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Vassar College, and St. Lawrence University (Kenya Programme), developed a SMITH INFO curriculum proposal for Aga Khan Major: University, and guest lectured at Government Moi University, Nairobi University, Kenyatta University, and Daystar Minor: University. She is primarily interested African & African in critical postcolonial theory, the American Studies work of gender, and the material economy of objects and social text House: as they interact in local and global Chapin economies. She is passionate about public art and founded the multiyear CURRENT INFO art project Koroga, which remains the largest single and publicly available Job Title: collaboration between Kenyan poets Independent Writer and photographers ever produced as a & Artist digital archive of contemporary mixedmedia Kenyan art. Koroga has been Location: exhibited in locations as diverse as the Blacksburg, VA Netherlands, Australia, South Africa, Kenya, Canada, and the United States.

Wambui is also a writer, photographer, painter, playwright, micro-landscape designer, and occasionally also performs oral literature. Her written work, photographs, paintings, and plays have been published, exhibited, or performed both in East Africa and globally in spaces that include the The Michael Joseph Centre, the Goethe 34

CULTUREWORK

“Re-collections: Matter, Meaning, Memory” Published in Vol. 17 No. 2 (Fall 2018)

Institute, the French Cultural Centre, The EastAfrican, Daily Nation (Kenya), Kwani?, Feminist Africa, Anglistica AION, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Geopolitics, Meridians, New Internationalist, The New Inquiry, and Too Early for Birds.

Excerpt “Each of these images represents an African woman whom I have known and now mourn or miss because I have lost them in some way. I could not photograph them. They include my mother, my grandmother, my cousin, my friend, and even a younger version of myself. Some died, some moved away, some simply grew and changed. Yet, absence is a form of presence and an active shaping of the now: in memory, in mourning, and in melancholia. Presence is similarly an absence from elsewhere or else-when.

Memories gather and matter by gathering meaning and matter. Sticky objects persist and follow and collect in human lives” (331).

Reflection The editorial board at Meridians is so superb under the guidance and leadership of Professor Ginetta Candelario that it is a deeply-ingrained habit in me to submit whatever kind or genre of work Meridians requests from me, usually without so much as asking why. In addition, Meridians is easily amongst the top three published sources I consider essential reading for my own continuing intellectual development because it is a publication that reminds me repeatedly of the value of a questioning mind and of a diverse and complex praxis. I particularly appreciate Meridians’ capacity to value, as intellectual production, not only the highest quality of academic writing, but also excellence in poetry and in various forms of visual art. The inclusivity and intelligence of this holistic transnationally adaptive approach not only enhances the international reputation of Meridians, but also exponentially enriches the theoretical and analytical perspectives of all of its readers, including myself.

35

Neda Maghbouleh ’04 Biography

SMITH INFO Major: Sociology

House: Emerson

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Canada Research Chair in Race, Ethnicity, Migration, and Identity

Affiliation: University of British Columbia

Location: Vancouver, Canada

Neda Maghbouleh is a tenured Associate Professor of Sociology and Canada Research Chair in Race, Ethnicity, Migration, and Identity at the University of British Columbia.

Her research examines the lived experiences of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) communities in North America, and she advises organizations like the U.S. Census Bureau and the American Medical Association on racial classification.

Her 2017 book, The Limits of Whiteness: Iranian Americans and the Everyday Politics of Race (Stanford University Press), originated as an Honors Thesis at Smith College and received awards from the Association of American Publishers and the American Sociological Association. She co-won ASA’s 2022 Oliver Cromwell Cox Prize for her article in the American Journal of Sociology. From 2018–2024, she led the RISE Team, a study on Syrian refugee resettlement in Toronto, with its first publication in Meridians. Her work has appeared in NPR, The New Yorker, The Washington Post, and The Los Angeles Times.

Excerpt

“By critically reflecting on our identities as women academics based in Canada, we had to acknowledge that despite being multilingual and from different racialized, national, and religious backgrounds, and despite our professional 36

ESSAY

“Listening in Arabic: Feminist Research with Syrian Refugee Mothers” Published in Vol. 18 No. 2 (Fall 2019)

training and credentials, the insights and skills we could bring to this scholarly endeavor were lacking in significant ways. [...] Crucially, we lacked cultural understandings that limited our ability to productively engage and interpret our interlocutors’ narratives. And in a broader climate defined by geopolitical violence against Muslim women and communities, our project risked reproducing uncritical, homogenizing, and Orientalist ideas about gender and power, particularly in the context of mothers’ forced migration and resettlement. We understood that we needed to seek partnership and guidance from others with different sightlines and knowledge” (487-8).

Reflection The publication of “Listening in Arabic: Feminist Research with Syrian Refugee Mothers” in Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism is meaningful because of the journal’s long-standing commitment to centering the voices and experiences of women of color across global contexts. It is even more personal because of the visionary leadership of Ginetta E.B. Candelario, whose editorship has shaped Meridians into a critical space for feminist, anti-racist, and transnational scholarship. Ginetta’s influence on my intellectual trajectory traces back to my undergraduate years at Smith College, where she co-advised my honors thesis alongside Jennifer Guglielmo. That early mentorship introduced me to feminist epistemologies and deeply informed the methodological commitments that animate my work today. To have my first publication from the RISE Team (Refugee Integration, Stress, and Equity) appear in a journal she leads is both a fullcircle moment and a profound honor.

See more at nedamaghbouleh.com 37

des velázquez ’19 Biography

SMITH INFO Major:

Latin American Studies and History

House:

Comstock

CURRENT INFO Job Title:

Program Coordinator, Lionel Cantú Queer Resource Center

Affiliation:

University of California Santa Cruz

Location:

Santa Cruz, CA

des velázquez is a student affairs practitioner-scholar whose work, research, and advocacy centers trans and queer (TQ) people in higher education, with an emphasis on the thriving and worldmaking of TQ folks who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color. He holds a BA in Latin American Studies & History from Smith College and an MA in Higher Education from the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. des recently co-authored a book chapter in Perspectives on Transforming Higher Education and the LGBTQIA Student Experience (2024), where he explores the experiences of QTBIPOC students and their perceptions of U-M’s campus queer center. He is currently the Program Coordinator at UC Santa Cruz’s Lionel Cantú Queer Resource Center. des is also an Executive Board Member of the Consortium of Higher Education LGBT Resource Professionals and serves on the Graduate Students & New Professionals Editorial Board for ACPA’s publication About Campus.

Excerpt

“In the spring of 1981, public opinion polls revealed that a vast majority of North Americans overwhelmingly opposed the Reagan administration’s military response to revolutionary activity in Central America (LaFeber 1984: 4). This came mere months after Ronald Reagan had run as a presidential candidate on a platform that cautioned against a Marxist Sandinista takeover of Nicaragua, which 38

IN THE ARCHIVES

“Genealogies of Transnational Activism: The Somos Hermanas Project in Central America” Published in Vol. 18 No. 2 (Fall 2019)

seemingly threatened neighboring El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras (LaFeber 1984: 1).

In response to the increasing levels of violence

by U.S. military–funded death squads, a multitude of antiwar organizations and collectives emerged throughout the United States. Many of these groups organized solidarity trips to the Central American isthmus. One of these included the delegation’s trip Somos Hermanas (We Are Sisters), which formed out of the preexisting Alliance Against Women’s Oppression as a solidarity project” (394).

Reflection My experience interning at Meridians during my senior year at Smith was undoubtedly one of the most memorable and transformative, mainly because it unearthed my love for research and writing. When I was invited to write the introduction for archival materials from the Somos Hermanas project, I remember feeling surprised and uncertain. I had no experience engaging with archival material or writing for an academic publication, but I received enthusiastic support from Ginetta, Leslie, and my fellow interns. They built up my confidence and guided me through the entire writing process with great care and mentorship. Visiting the Sophia Smith Collection and learning about the publication process instilled an even more profound respect and excitement for conducting research. Furthermore, this experience taught me my responsibility to steward stories of liberation, justice, and community.

While my professional and academic trajectory shifted from humanities to social sciences, my time at Meridians laid the foundation for the scholar I am today. This publication transformed my relationship with history in a very tangible and grounding way, as it became a point from which I started growing into my identity as a researcher. I am eager to continue writing and researching with and for queer and trans folks in higher education. I am forever grateful to Meridians for showing me I had a place in this kind of work.

39

Mandira Venkat ’19 Biography

Photo by Ibukun (Tayo) Falaiye

SMITH INFO Major: Sociology

Minor: Economics

House: Morrow

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Marketing Consultant

Location: Austin, TX

After graduating from Smith College and navigating the pandemic whirlwind, Mandira is now settled in the sphere of social impact and innovation. From high growth startups to a stint in academic publishing, her work reflects her ever-growing interests and dedication to driving positive social change. Currently, she is exploring the next step in her journey in these crazy times. She is planning her own community events to help startup builders from diverse backgrounds and has plans to establish a nonprofit down the line. Aside from the office emails and spreadsheets, the urge of creative energy still calls to her. If you want to see her recent work, check out her website, thoughtfulbrowngirl.com, or her sexual health podcast, Flowering Time, on Spotify.

Excerpt “The Pan Pacific and Southeast Asia Women’s Association (PPSEAWA) was established in 1928, when it held its first conference. PPSEAWA’s mission is to foster friendship and collaboration among women from the Pacific and Southeast Asia and women in the United States (PPSEAWA, n.d.). The founders of this organization sought to improve the social, economic, 40

IN THE ARCHIVES

“Introduction to Pan Pacific and Southeast Asia Women’s Association ‘Southeast Asia and the United Nations’ Discussion Group” Published in Vol. 18 No. 2 (Fall 2019)

and cultural conditions of their respective nations through collaboration with the United States and the United Nations” (282).

Reflection I remember being in the Smith College Libraries— Neilson was sadly still under construction, so I have no memory of where I was.

I was excited to see Asian representation in the issue’s archival piece. A discussion that took place in the U.S. Asians in America? Sounds familiar to MY ENTIRE LIFE. That only scratched the surface of what I’d find in these pages.

This was a discussion among highly accomplished and educated women in the 1950s (an interesting note: in many of their bios, the husband and his job were mentioned, alongside the wife’s experience and accomplishments).

These women are engaging in a serious discourse about the state of the world with the aim of improving social welfare. The details—from the setting of the meeting to the attendees to the discourse—provide incredible insights into transnational women’s history.

As for the writing process and publishing of the article, I was excited and nervous. It was my first published piece and I wanted to make sure there were no mistakes. Being published in Meridians and working there as an intern truly built my confidence as a writer and a creator. In that same year, I won the S. Mona Ghosh Sinha Prize for a paper I wrote, which built my confidence. From the day I was accepted as a Meridians Fellow until now, I have been grateful for the experience.

See more at thoughtfulbrowngirl.com 41

Emma Schubert ’20 Biography

SMITH INFO Major: Sociology

Minor: Sociology

House: Tyler

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Policy Analyst

Affiliation: Public Health Law Center

Location: St. Paul, MN

Emma Schubert is a Policy Analyst at the Public Health Law Center, a nonprofit legal technical assistance center that partners with Tribal, federal, and state government officials, researchers, and community advocates to develop laws and policies that advance health equity and community well-being. The Public Health Law Center believes that everyone deserves to be healthy.

Emma brings a deep commitment to racial, gender, and reproductive justice to their life and work. They have a strong background in the abortion care and reproductive health and justice movements, where they witnessed the effects of hostile policy and inadequate funding on service provision, most affecting those already on the margins of access.

They strive to use their experience to propel intentional, actionable, and values-based change. Emma received their Master of Public Policy from the University of Minnesota Humphrey School of Public Affairs, and their bachelor’s degree in Sociology from Smith College.

Excerpts “Lebanese independence in 1943 and the creation of an independent state ushered in a period of 42

IN THE ARCHIVES

“The Struggles for Women’s Suffrage in Lebanon” Published in Vol. 19 No. 1 (Spring 2020)

transformation for Lebanon. Women’s rights activists viewed independence as a perfect opportunity to shift their work away from education, charity, and a maternalist agenda, toward formal political participation, long considered a prerogative of men” (203).

“In the 1950s, [the Lebanese Council of Women] members traveled throughout the country and region of West Asia and North Africa attending conferences and meeting with heads of state and community leaders to build solidarity among women. They used formal channels, the press, public education, and direct action to advocate for the rights of women. After a decade of sustained and united campaigning, on February 18, 1953, they succeeded in pressuring the government to grant all Lebanese women voting rights” (204).

Reflection My contribution to the journal details the complex colonial, political, and economic, and social dynamics that Lebanese feminist activists navigated in pursuit of their liberatory agendas. These are the lessons we must return to as we work to make change in our own political climate today.

As the Lebanese Women’s Movement teaches us, our work must be intergenerational and intersectional, built upon the knowledge of those that have come before.

My time as a Quigley Research Fellow at Meridians taught me that knowledge sharing, coalition building, and storytelling are praxis for our values. I am forever grateful for this lesson.

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Callie Swaim-Fox ’21 Biography Callie Swaim-Fox moved to Durham, North Carolina, after graduating from Smith College and worked for the Pauli Murray Center for History and Social Justice, leading their interfaith programming. She then taught English in Jerez de la Frontera, Spain, and is now pursuing her Masters of Divinity at Yale Divinity School. She hopes to become a chaplain.

Excerpts SMITH INFO Major: History

House: Emerson

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Graduate Student

Affiliation: Yale Divinity School

Location: New Haven, CT

“[Rochmuljati] Wirjohatmodjo’s celebration of Kartini—ostensibly for the ‘Community of Indonesian Women in New York’—offers a window into the larger implications of celebrating Kartini Day and Kartini’s shifting legacy throughout Indonesian transnational history. The use of Kartini as a model in Indonesian history by three successive regimes— first the Dutch Colonial regime, then the Old Order of Sukarno, and eventually Suharto’s New Order— illustrates how Kartini’s ideas and writing were interpreted according to the agendas of those in power.

Wirjohatmodjo’s speech in 1956 exemplifies that pattern” (136).

“Though a small wave of Indonesian immigrants came to the United States in the 1950s, it was not

44

IN THE ARCHIVES

“Kartini Day” Published in Vol. 19 No. 1 (Spring 2020)

until after the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act removed restrictions on Asian immigration that a large group of Indonesians would settle in the United States (Cunningham 2008: 93). Thus, Wirjohatmodjo’s speech can be seen in this vein not only as working to unite the small Indonesian American community but to inform the broader U.S. public about the work of the new Indonesian government. Records of Kartini Day celebrations in the United States appear in local newspapers as early as 1950, and almost all of them were led

by Indonesian women diplomats who invited U.S. women to teas or dances to celebrate Kartini and Indonesian culture (Indonesian Tea Honors Feminist 1950; McNair 1951)” (136).

Reflection My work with Meridians allowed me to dive into the archives at the Sophia Smith Collection and bring to the forefront the words and works of women of color from generations past. It was an honor to watch the ways that the Meridians staff puts such care and effort into their mission.

Meridians connected me with scholars around the world working to shape scholarship around the lives and work of women of color. As I continue my work in academia, Meridians continues to stand out in my mind as an example of what world-shifting scholarship can be.

45

Sheilena Downey ’20 Biography

SMITH INFO Major: American History

House: Conway

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Lead Special Education Teacher

Affiliation: May Institute

Location: West Springfield, MA

Sheilena Downey is a Lead Special Education teacher working with high school–age students with disabilities.

She is currently completing her master’s degree in Severe Disabilities Education. A first-generation college graduate, she earned her BA from Smith College in 2020. Originally from Brockton, Massachusetts, she now resides in West Springfield, Massachusetts, with her daughter.

Sheilena has a deep passion for history and its role in shaping the future. She is a lifelong advocate for marginalized communities and those who cannot advocate for themselves.

Excerpt “The International Council of Women of the Darker Races of the World (ICWDR) was founded in 1922 by prominent members of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). This exclusive council, initially comprising eighteen well-educated and highly respected middle-class African American women, was actively engaged in a variety of political agendas and social reform efforts locally and nationally” (271).

Reflection Writing my essay on the International Council of Women of the Darker 46

COUNTERPOINT

“Precursor to Women of Color Feminism: The International Council of Women of the Darker Races of the World and Their Internationalist Orientation” Published in Vol. 19 No. 2 (Fall 2020)

Races of the World was both a deeply rewarding and eye-opening experience.

Researching this organization allowed me to uncover the critical yet often overlooked contributions of early 20thcentury women of color global feminist movements. It was both challenging and inspiring to piece together the council’s internationalist vision, demonstrating how these women navigated racial and gender barriers while forging transnational solidarities.

Writing this piece pushed me to think beyond dominant feminist narratives and explore the intersection of race, gender, and internationalism in new ways.

The publication of my essay in Meridians was incredibly meaningful for me as both a scholar and an advocate for historically marginalized voices.

Seeing my work included in a journal dedicated to feminist scholarship by and about women of color affirmed the importance of recovering these histories and making them accessible to a wider audience. It also encouraged me to continue my research on the global dimensions of Black feminist thought, inspiring further work on transnational activism. More personally, the experience reinforced my commitment to amplifying the voices of those who have been left out of mainstream historical narratives. The support and engagement from the Meridians community have been invaluable, and I am honored to contribute to a publication that continues to center and celebrate the intellectual and activist legacies of women of color.

47

Cece Roth-Eagle ’22 Biography Cece works as a freelance writer and educator in Valencia, Spain. While she waits to hear back from graduate schools in creative nonfiction, she spends her days reading, writing her novel, traveling, and connecting with the natural world. Her corner of the written world explores intercultural, multilingual, and speculative nonfiction that embraces folklore, imagination, and mystery.

Excerpt SMITH INFO Major: English, Creative Writing

Minor: Spanish

House: Wilson

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Freelance Writer and Educator

Location: Valencia, Spain

“El Wallmapu is a region spanning the base of the Southern Hemisphere, extending through parts of Chile and Argentina long before the first winkas invented their territorial delimitations.

El Wallmapu is not a territory, explicitly; its aboriginal people now steward only 6 percent of its terrain. It holds the history of conquest, and the modernity of its material exploitation. Private sectors want to convert its mountains to mines of gold and silver, its biodiversity to monoculture forests.

How can we conceptualize of a place that once was? That has within it buried an ancient knowledge and collective memory?

Amancay is trying to remember” (17).

48

2023 ELIZABETH ALEXANDER CREATIVE WRITING AWARD WINNER FOR PROSE

“Mes del viento/Month of Wind” Published in Vol. 23 No. 1 (Spring 2024)

Reflection In writing “Mes del viento” for my undergraduate thesis, I submerged myself in the lore and power of Patagonia’s land, as well as its ancestral people, the Mapuche lof Kinixikew. The process was one of constant humility, questioning, and expansiveness, as I had to look beyond everything I thought I knew about knowledge and its productions. I knew I wanted Amancay Quintriqueo to be a cowriter in this piece, rather than a “subject” in the classic nonfiction tradition. My time was spent with her, my mentor, Flor, or in the mountains and wilderness of Patagonia, feeling it as if it were an alive thing: I recognized that only once I could see my surroundings as the spirits in the stories I was being told, would I then be able to properly honor this story.

In being honored as the Elizabeth Alexander Award recipient of 2023, I discovered, as a novice and aspiring writer, that there was a community and audience for the kinds of pieces I envisioned myself writing. All of the complications that made this story political, personal, multifaceted, and even at times contradictory, is what gave the story power. Meridians’ recognition has given me the courage to pursue the stories I am writing today.

See more at cecerotheagle.substack.com

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Umayyah Cable ’05 Biography

Hubbard and Sessions Annex

Umayyah Cable is an Assistant Professor in the departments of American Culture and Film, Television, & Media, and a core faculty member in the Arab and Muslim American Studies program at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Their first book, Mainstreaming Palestine: Cinematic Activism and Solidarity Politics in the United States, will be published by the University of Minnesota Press in fall 2025. Their research has been supported through fellowships at Northwestern University and Harvard University, and their articles have been published in Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, The Journal of Palestine Studies, and Meridians.

CURRENT INFO

Excerpt

Photo by Erin Kirkland for Michigan Photography

SMITH INFO Major: American Studies

Houses:

Job Title: Assistant Professor in the Department of American Culture, Department of Film, Television, and Media

Affiliation: University of Michigan

Location: Ann Arbor, MI

“Jadallah had already been active in the Bay Area’s Arab American leftist movement, particularly around the issue of Palestine. But it was her desire to do more specific Palestine-related outreach with the queer community which prompted her dual coming out.

Forging queer-Palestinian solidarities ‘was work I wanted to do, and I knew if there were signs posted in San Francisco that Arabs my mom knew were going to see it. I felt like I had to tell my mom before someone else told 50

ESSAY

“Coming Out for Community, Coming Out for the Cause: Queer Arab American Activism in the 1990s” Published in Vol. 23 No. 2 (Fall 2024)

her. That’s what motivated me to come out to her, it was political work, actually’ (Cable interview with Jadallah, July 17, 2017). In coming out as Palestinian to the lesbian community, Jadallah aimed to leverage her lesbian identity in order to advance Palestine solidarity politics within the lesbian community. Her plans to participate in the LISPP forum and the visibility of the flyers throughout San Francisco is in turn what prompted her to come out as lesbian to her family. Her dual outness here was strategic, but not without ambivalence” (476-7).

Reflection Growing up queer and Palestinian in the U.S. in the 1990s was a lonesome experience. Working on this essay was like reaching across time. I wanted this essay to reassure my younger self, to honor and transfer knowledge from a queer Palestinian elder, and to speak to queer Palestinian presents and futures. In the time between submitting this manuscript for initial review and receiving the readers’ reports, my estranged elder brother died suddenly. In the wake of his death, several pieces of the puzzle that was his life fell into place. This article was revised in the shadow of his passing, and it was through that grief that certain affective aspects of archiving, memorialization, and radical history came to the forefront. In this way, writing this essay was not simply about reaching across time or generations.

It was also about reaching across planes of existence, or “the threshold of death,” as I refer to it in the article.

See more at umayyahcable.com 51

Caroline Mar ’05 Biography

Photo by Jessica Tong-Ahn

SMITH INFO Major: Anthropology and Sociology

Minor: Cultural Dance

Houses: Lamont and Park

CURRENT INFO Job Title: Health Educator

Affiliation: Gateway High School

Location: San Francisco, CA

Caroline M. Mar is the greatgranddaughter of a railroad laborer and the author of Water Guest, the Editors’ Selection for the 2024 Wisconsin Poetry Series. She is the author of Special Education (Texas Review Press), which won the 2019 X. J. Kennedy Prize, and the chapbook Dream of the Lake (Bull City Press).

Carrie is a graduate of the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College, and a member of Rabble Collective. She also serves on the board of Friends of Writers. She is a longtime ninth grade health educator in her hometown of San Francisco, and lives in Oakland, California. She has been granted residencies at Hedgebrook, Ragdale, and Storyknife, among others. You can find her online at carolinemar.com.

Reflection It was a joy to have two poems selected for publication in Meridians.

I’ve known about the journal for decades, of course. So when I was looking for somewhere to house these poems it made a lot of sense to submit to Meridians— not only because I’m a Smithie, but also because of the focus on transnationalism, history, race, and identity. The first poem, “Catalog of Writings Left by Chinese Railroad Laborers of the CPRR,” has no words.

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POETRY

“Catalog of Writings Left by Chinese Railroad Laborers of the CPRR and ‘唔 需 (No Need)’” Published in Vol. 23 No. 2 (Fall 2024)

the not necessary, not needed, unrequired and unrequited missing of your voice, your knotty hand not near enough to mine, please pass the 清 蒸 魚, no need to worry, no need, please pass back into this kitchen, this house, this life that you left, don’t bother, don’t worry about it, we say, you said, I say to no one, I don’t need it, I’m not hungry, but I am always hungry, I do so need you, and so much more

10,000+ Chinese men came to build the railroads, and records show paper and ink being ordered for them in bulk, yet not a single scrap of primary source writing remains; I was writing into the vast silence of this library of loss. I had hoped Meridians would see and honor the space I was trying to hold in this poem, and in the second, shorter poem—a meditation on grief and missing my deceased grandmother. I am so honored to be part of Volume 23.

See more at carolinemar.com

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Maria-Fátima Santos ’10

Biography

I am an Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a Faculty Affiliate of the Center for Law, Society Photo by Ana T. Reis and Justice. My research focuses on different dimensions of legal and penal state power: their relationship SMITH INFO to how societies are organized, the forms of social exclusion that Major: characterize them, and the people Philosophy and mechanisms that influence their House: change over time. My current research Jordan examines public defenders who counsel poor people in Brazil’s penal CURRENT INFO courts to clarify the dynamics that Job Title: shape legal aid professions in different Anna Julia Cooper contexts, including their relationship Postdoctoral Fellow to inequality, racialized violence, and Affiliation: state transformation. In other work, I University of Wisconsin examine how carceral administration –Madison connects to dynamics of social conflict and political legitimacy. My research Location: has been published in venues such Madison, WI as the American Sociological Review and won multiple awards from the American Sociological Association. I earned my PhD and MA in Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley and my BA from Smith College.

Excerpt “Since the inception of modern states, penal state power, practices and authorities have been integral to imposing different regimes of domination along racialized lines in Brazil and the United States (and far beyond)—from policing in both countries having their origins in slave patrolling, to penal state coercion consolidating and maintaining the racialized inequalities and exploitation that undergird capitalism and empire (Bruccatto 2014; Davis 2005; dos Santos et al. 2020; Willis 2022). Among the poor, who are 54

IN THE TRENCHES “The Policing & Carceral State in Brazil & the United States: Conceptualizing, Tracking & Resisting Anti-Black Violence” Published in Vol. 24 No. 2 (Fall 2025) overwhelmingly the target of penal state power, Black people are disproportionately arrested, detained and killed by policing authorities (Vargas 2008; Franco 2019; Reis 2013). Since the late 20th century, transnational punitive drug control has been exemplary of how “innovations” in penal discourses, policies and technologies have legitimized both old and new forms of violence and terror in these countries’ contemporary democracies (Alexander 2010; Alves and Alves 2015; Kalunta-Crumpton 2015). Today, the Brazilian and U.S. penal states also confine two of the largest populations of incarcerated people world-wide (ranked first and third, respectively) (World Prison Brief 2021). Both disproportionately confine Black communities and other ethnoracially marginalized peoples (Gilmore 2007; Akotirene 2020; Simes 2021).

And yet, distinct penal histories have influenced adoptions, adaptations and reforms in penal practices as well as the modes of resistance against them.”

Reflection This article is based on a panel dialogue focused on the racialized dimensions of state violence through policing and incarceration, a conversation that took place during the symposium on Anti-Black State Violence Across the Americas: Power and Struggle in Brazil and the United States, hosted by the University of California, Berkeley in 2019. I developed and co-directed this symposium, which was organized by an interdisciplinary group of graduate students during my time in graduate school at UC Berkeley. The event brought together 30 influential Black movement scholars, activists, and scholar-activists on 11 panels (with a public audience of over 600 people). For the panel on the policing and carceral state I had the honor of moderating this conversation between Andreia Beatriz Silva dos Santos (co-founder of React or Be Killed based in Salvador, Brazil) and Cat Brooks (co-founder of the Anti Police-Terror Project based in Oakland, California)—my co-authors for this current publication in Meridians, which is an abridged transcription, translation, and commentary on the panel discussion.

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SMITH ALUM AUTHORS BOOKLET ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism wants to thank all of the individuals and units from across the college who contributed to this commemorative project.

We are grateful to all the Smith alum authors, and to: Kyla Butler ’25 Quigley Fellow, Meridians

Michael Byrne Communications Manager, College Relations

May Caroline Chan, Ph.D. Editorial Assistant, Meridians

Virginia Cornett ’27 STRIDE Fellow, Meridians

Rinal Dahhan ’27 Quigley Fellow, Meridians

Carolina Dellepiane AC ’20 Symposium Coordinator, Meridians

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Kixie Denison Fieldman ’53 Fund Smith College

Allyson Einbinder ’10 Administrative Manager, Meridians

Isabella Grijalva ’27 STRIDE Fellow, Meridians

Lil Knight ’94 Communications Editor, College Relations

Amy McDonald Director of Digital Strategy and Creative Services, College Relations

Project on Women and Social Change Smith College

Study of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Program Smith College

Xinyang Sun ’25 Quigley Fellow, Meridians

Linh Tran ’27 Quigley Fellow, Meridians

President Sarah Willie-LeBreton Smith College

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