The Adaptive Kinetic Facade:Improving Daylight Performance and Thermal Comfort by Mehrdokht Taheri

Guest lecturers

Lecturers and Instructors

Educational Assistants

Fatemeh Baharlouie

Sajedeh Karimian

Ahmad Mansourbeygit

Shahin Tavakoli Sara Edalatian Azizi

Fatemeh Baharlouie

Shams Mosaic Shield

Ahmad Mansourbeygi

Project

Fahimeh Dokhanian Sajedeh Karimian

Hexagon shading

multi objective optimization of adaptive facade

Parametric Cubic Shading for Optimal Building Performance

Dancing Panel for Building Facade

Seyedehsara Yazdi Bahri

Milad Heiranipour

Cacti-shade facade

Leila Karami

Fataneh Shoghi

Mehrdokht Taheri Iraei

Project

Sevde Gülizar Dinçer

Sahar Rahemi

Elnaz Mohammadbeiqi

Dancing with sun (multi layered analysis of kinetic facade)

Umama Saeed Hira Shahid

Rhombus shading

Introduction

Description

The "Adaptive Kinetic Facade: Improving Daylight Performance and Thermal Comfort" workshop was a comprehensive four-day tutorial designed to explore the principles and practices of dynamic façade design. Participants gained insights into how dynamic and adaptive façade systems can enhance both daylight performance and thermal comfort simultaneously to enhance occupant wellbeing through performance simulation and optimization You will learn how to create a research framework and design adaptive facades with professional level simulation and optimization techniques.

Workshop Objectives and Learning Outcomes

The workshop aimed to introduce the fundamental concepts and significance of dynamic façades in modern architecture while providing detailed instruction on using Rhino and Grasshopper for parametric modeling. Participants learned the basics of daylighting and thermal comfort, utilizing Ladybug Tools for daylight simulations and thermal comfort analysis They also explored singleobjective and multi-objective optimization concepts and their applications using the Wallacei plugin. By the end of the workshop, participants comprehended the key principles and benefits of dynamic façade systems, applied parametric design to create dynamic and responsive façade models, simulated and optimized daylight conditions, assessed thermal comfort, and implemented optimization techniques in their designs.

Detailed Schedule

The four-day workshop, "Adaptive Kinetic Facade: Improving Daylight Performance and Thermal Comfort," provided participants with a comprehensive understanding of dynamic façade systems. Day 1 focused on dynamic façades and parametric modeling, with lectures by Roel Loonen and Ali Goharian on the fundamentals and technical aspects. Day 2 covered daylight design and simulation, with Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad and Zahra Shirzadnia leading discussions on daylighting basics and software tutorials. Day 3 addressed thermal comfort design and simulation, featuring presentations by Mohamed Hamdy and Zahra Shirzadnia on thermal comfort principles and applications. Day 4 centered on optimization techniques, including Zahra Shirzadnia's lecture on the "Daylight Handbook II: Daylight and Dynamic Facades" and Ali Goharian's session on the basics of optimization, concluding with a practical session using the Wallacei Plugin.

Responsive Kinetic Façade with Diamond Modules

Master's in Building Science at Shahid

Fatemeh Baharlouie

Beheshti University

Shams Mosaic Shield

M.Arch. (Architectural Technology) Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Ahmad Mansourbeygi

Shams Mosaic Shield

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant: Ahmad Mansourbeygi

Fig.3: Dry Bulb Temprature - Tehran

Fig. 1: Sky Dome – Tehran

Fig.2 : Total Radiation Benefit

This diamond-patterned adaptive facade seamlessly merges tradition and technology.

Comprising intricate geometric elements, it responds dynamically to the sun’s position, optimizing natural light penetration.

The rotating panels adjust to capture sunlight, enhancing energy efficiency while celebrating the rich heritage of Iranian design.

The installation could be provided with an artificial neural network sensitive to amount of light received during different times of the day. This helps training the facade for various sun positions which adjusts and balances the shifts using patterns of cellular automata thereby ensuring optimal light intensity in the surroundings

In this innovative architectural marvel, the interplay of light and shadow creates a mesmerizing dance throughout the day As the sun traverses the sky, the facade transforms, casting intricate patterns on the ground below.

Visitors are drawn to its captivating beauty, a testament to the fusion of cultural aesthetics and cutting-edge engineering.

Fig.4 : DGP

Fig.11: Total Radiation

Fig. 5: Predicted Mean Vote

Fig. 8: View

Fig. 9: Daylight Autonomy

Fig. 10: Discomfort Glare (UDI>3000)

Fig. 7: Cold Sensation Percent

Fig. 6: Thermal Comfort Percent

Master s in Energy and architecture at Pars University

Bat Shade

Azizi

Bat-Shade

Kinetic Facade

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

exterior of a building is the most significant part that interacts with the environment Therefore, it is important that in addition to the beauty of the building, provide the comfort and convenience of the residents Since the environmental elements are constantly changing throughout the day, the external the building must also be dynamic and coordinated with these changes to needs of

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participants:

Sara Edalatian Azizi

Shahin Tavakoli

This project is a dynamic facade that acts as shaders. In conditions where the daylight has maximum radiation and glare, as well as when it creates an unfavourable situation in terms of thermal and visual conditions, these facade blades adjust their angles between 0 and 90 degrees to adjust the daylight in the space

Open Semi open

The changeable panels in the facade are controlled by servo motors and light sensors to move the blades

The movement pattern of these blades is inspired by the opening and closing of bat wings, which not only adds to the attractiveness of the building’s facade, but also contributes to energy efficiency

Fig.2 : Horizontal Radial View

Fig.3: Predicted Mean Vote

Fig.4 : Daylight Autonomy

Fig. 1: Horizontal 30-Degree View

Design Details

The hole where the servo motor is located

The main frame of the modules

The main dynamic elements of the modules to control the incoming light

The way of the connection between the threads and the elastic bands to the dynamic elements

The threads transmit the power of the servo motor to the dynamic elements

Metal hingers for opening and closing dynamic elements

One of the most important uses of kinetic façades is that they allow us to control the ventilation of the building in addition to radiation and this will lead to save a lot of annual energy consumption

Servo Motor, connecting the threads to the servo motor through the holes in its upper part

Elastic band to create elastic and return movement of modules

Al Bahar Towers Responsive Facade

Emmanuel

MSc Architecture

University of Uyo, Nigeria

Master of Building and Architectural Engineering

At Politecnico di Milano

Al Bahar Towers

Responsive Facade

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

KINETIC FAÇADE PERFOMANCE

The Al Bahar Tower Responsive Façade, is a dynamic kinetic system that harmonizes with nature, optimizing daylight, thermal comfort, and visual delight. This innovative facade features three adaptive modules:

1. Opened Module: Maximizes daylight and ventilation, inviting the outdoors in.

2. Semi-Opened/Closed Module: Balances solar gain and shading, ensuring thermal comfort.

3. Closed Module: Provides privacy and insulation, shielding from extreme conditions. The facade's intelligent opening and closing system is driven by the sun's position, with each module responding to its unique distance from the sun’s position. This precise calibration ensures optimal energy efficiency, comfort, and visual connection to the environment.

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participants::

Fatemeh Mohseni

Emmanuel Iyegere

Façade: Module 1 - Closed

Façade: Module 2 – Semi Open/Closed

Façade: Module 3 - Opened

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN WORKFLOW

CLIMATE STUDY

Location: Milano-Linate.AP, ITA

Longitude: 9.2783 - Latitude: 45.4494

Hottest yearly temperature (99%): 30.5 °C

Coldest yearly temperature (1%): -2.0 °C

DAYLIGHT AND THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS:

Based on the climate analysis, The highest Solar Radiation is in Jun at noon. So we analyse the building with the state of Kinetic facade adopted to the sun position in 21Jun at noon to consider the worst case which is the hottest day of summer. The aim is to have an optimum trade off between daylight and thermal comfort, to have sufficient daylight but not too much solar heat gain.

Radiance material properties

Light Responsive Origami Facade

Master's student at Tabriz Islamic Art University

Sahar Nezami

Light Responsive Origami Facade

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Sahar Nezami

ADAPTIVE KINETIC FACADE

The investigated room is located in Tabriz city. The city of Tabriz has a cold and dry climate. This room has an office use. Considering the climate of Tabriz and the importance of office environments, it is necessary to provide thermal comfort and visual comfort and provide a safe and healthy environment for employees. Therefore, a responsive kinetic facade that can adapt to environmental and climatic conditions has been used.

Fig 3 : details of shading

Fig 4 : pattern of shading

Fig 6 : DGP

Fig.7: Daylight Autonomy

Fig.8 : Visibility Percent

Fig. 5: Predicted Mean Vote

Fig 2 : six status of movement of shading

Fig 1: Section of building

In this facade, with the movement of the sun and changes in the intensity of the sun's radiation, the grids of the facade change. They adjust themselves according to the conditions of the internal environment and the conditions of the external environment and the intensity of sunlight. By opening and closing, they play an important role in regulating the conditions of the internal environment. In the part where the intensity of sunlight is high, the facade opens completely. The amount of its opening depends on the intensity of the radiation. This opening is minimized when there is no danger from the sunlight to threaten the comfort level of the indoor environment. The results obtained from the software simulation show that this facade had an effect in controlling the amount of light received and the amount of thermal comfort of the indoor environment. By using the relevant plugins, it is possible to optimize the amount of received light and the heat of the indoor environment and create a safe and healthy environment for the respective users

Table 1. climate data

Table 2. characteristics of building configuration

Fig 10:. CSP thermal map

Fig 9: parametric façade modeling

Fig 11:. Discomfort glare

Fig 12:. TCP thermal map

Fig 13:. Illuminance

Table 3. materials

Fig 14:. Move the facade according to the sunlight

Hexagon shading

Master of Architecture and Energy

Master degree of Architecture and Energy

Fahimeh Dokhanian

Sajedeh Karimian

Hakim Sabzevari University

Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU)

Hexagon shading

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant:

Fahimeh Dokhanian

Sajedeh Karimian

Fig.2 : DGP

Fig.3: Daylight Autonomy

Fig.5 : Visibility Percent

Fig. 1: Predicted Mean Vote

Multi Objective Optimization Of Adaptive Facade

Bahri

Milad Heiranipour

multi objective optimization of adaptive facade

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Seyedehsara Yazdi Bahri

Milad Heiranipour

1.Design the faced Geometry

2. Define the design variables and simulation process

3.Conduct the parametric simulation and compare the result

4. Define the optimum configuration based on KPIs

EUDI

View to outdoor

Cacti shade facade

Master Degree Imam Khomeini International University

Leila Karami

Cacti-shade facade

D Model

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Leila Karami

Details

The module includes: 1 Main frame 2 Shape Memory Alloy

Cacti plant has many spines formulating a selfshading device

The folded surfaces of cacti are used to create a micro-climate area under the shaded surface areas and could help in reflecting direct and indirect solar radiation and this action keeps the rates of heat gain as minimum as possible

This cacti-inspired façade incorporates two aspects of adaptivity:

• first, its self-shading creates a microclimate under the shaded surface and reflects direct and indirect radiation, which helps prevent overheating

• Second, its dynamic structure give the ability to control daylight automatically or manually.

With the use of Shape Memory Alloy, the façade can expand in response to heat from solar radiation and control intense sunlight, preventing glare.

Cactus Morphology

Cacti-shade facade

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Leila Karami

Fig. 1: Useful Daylight Illuminance

Fig.2: Daylight Autonomy

Fig.3 : DGP

Parametric Cubic Shading for Optimal Building Performance

Fataneh Shoghi Master of Architecture and Energy at Tehran University

Parametric Cubic Shading for Optimal Building Performance

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Fataneh Shoghi

This design explores the use of parametric design to create a cubic shading system that optimizes a building's thermal comfort, daylighting, and energy efficiency based on specific climatic conditions. Simulations demonstrate that a fixed, parametrically generated cubic shading configuration outperforms traditional shading methods

Dancing Facade

Mehrdokht Taheri Iraei

Bachelor of Architecture Islamic Azad University Of Sari

Parametric Cubic Shading for Optimal Building Performance

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Mehrdokht Taheri Iraei

Fig2. Details

Fig1. 3D Model

M.Sc in Architectural Engineering, Rasht Branch Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

Elnaz Mohammadbeiqi

Rhombus shading

Rhombus shading

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant:

Elnaz Mohammadbeiqi

(Description of adaptive façade)

Adaptive façades are multifunctional systems that can change their functions, features, or behavior over time in response to changing conditions or requirements. These façades aim to improve building performance and user comfort by decreasing energy consumption and creating a better indoor environment.

Fig4. Sun path

Fig1. Parametric design of adaptive façade / dynamic facade (3d) and its details

Fig2. Algorithmic design with grasshopper

Fig5. Dry bulb Temperature

Table1: HB Annual Daylight

Fig7. View quality with ladybug

Fig8 .Thermal comfort with honeybee& ladybug

Fig6. Daylight Autonomy with honeybee& ladybug

Fig9 . Sky dome

Fig10. Daylight Analysis

Fig11. View Analysis

Fig12. Thermal Analysis

Dancing with sun (multi layered analysis of kinetic facade)

Hira

University

Bachelors of architecture

of engineering and technology lahore

Umama Saeed

Shahid

Dancing with sun (multi layered analysis of kinetic facade)

Instructors:

Zahra Shirzadnia

Ali Goharian

Professors:

Pro. M.Mahdavinejad

Pro. Roel Loonen

Pro. Mohamed Hamdy

Participant::

Hira Shahid

Umama saeed

Put parametric design of adaptive façade / dynamic facade (3d) and its details and add your descriptions or details of façade or concept at top of this slide. OTHER PLASES CAN BE FIILED BASED ON YOUR INTEREST.

This adaptive façade, modeled in Grasshopper, features interconnected triangular panels that dynamically adjust their orientation in response to the sun, optimizing light and heat control

The Grasshopper script shown here arranges the assembly and movement of the triangular panels, enabling the adaptive functionality of the façade depicted above