ë 90 tImSn Iqen-b-Sn-a-Ifpw 12 tImSn bP-am-\-∑mcpwí c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-j≥ kz]v\w ImWp-∂ p.... 36 tImSn sXmgn-em-fn-If- m-Wv C¥
y-bn-ep-≈X - s{X! Ahcpw a°fpw sIm®pa-°fpw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ _‘p-°fpw tN¿∂m¬ GXm≠v 90 tImSn hcpw ! \ΩpsS P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 90 iX-am\w Xs∂. Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ 10-˛12 tImSn AXn-kº - ∂ - cpw Ah-cpsS Imh¬°mcpw AS-ß n-bh - c- mWv \ΩpsS `c-WI - qSw! ]® ae-bm-fØ - n¬ ]d-™m¬ Cu 12 tImSn AXn-kº - ∂ - c- psS sIm´m-cß - ƒ tamSn]nSn-∏n-°phm\mWv \ΩpsS P\m-[n]Xyw ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂ Xv! G‰hpw Ah-km\w h∂ te_¿ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´n\pw Cu Hscm‰ ZuXyta \nd-th-dm-\p-≈p-sh∂v AsXm∂p adn-®pt\m-°n-bm¬ hy‡-am-hpw. 36 tImSn sXmgn-em-fn-If- n¬ 29 tImSn°v Fs¥ ¶ - nepw sXmgn-ep-s≠∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°p∂h¿ Xo¿Øpw A\m-Yc- m-sW∂pw Cu dnt∏m¿´v ]d-bp∂p-≠v. 29 tImSn-bn¬ 20 tImSn a\p-jy¿°pw Im¿jn-It- a-Je - b - n-em-Ws{X ]WnsImSp-Øn-´p-≈X - v. _m°n hcp∂h¿ C¥ y-bpsS DXv]m-Z\ - h - n-Xc- W tkh\ taJ-eI - f- n-embn hn\y-kn-°s- ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂ p. CXn¬, 2.81 tImSn sXmgnem-fn-If- mWv kwL-SnX taJ-es- b∂ t]cn¬ k¿°m¿ / A¿≤-k¿°m¿ / kzIm-cy-ta-Je - I - f- n-embn ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p-∂ h - ¿ ! samØw sXmgn¬ i‡nbpsS 8 iX-am-\Ø - n¬ Xmsg am{X-ap≈ Ch-scm-gnsIbp≈-hs- c-√mw ASß n-bX - mWv Akw-LS- n-Xt- a-Je - . Im¿jnI hyh-kmb tkh\ taJ-eI - fpw Ah-bpsS A\p-_‘ß fpw, kzbw sXmgnepw Imjz¬ tPmenbpw tIm¨{SmIv‰v sXmgn-ep-sa√mw IqSn Ie¿∂-Xp-amWv Cu taJ-e. \nb-a] - c- nc-£I - tfm, sXmgn¬ kpc-£n-XX - ztam C√mØ Akw-LS- nX taJ-eb - psS ASn-ÿ m\w s]mXp-hn¬ Iqen-sXm-gn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. kwL-Sn®pw t]mcSn®pw Nn√d Ah-Im-i-ß ƒ kz¥ -a m-°nb kwL-S nX sXmgn- e mfn h¿§Øns‚ Ah-Im-iß - f- psS ]n≥_-eØ - n-emWv Akw-LS- nX sXmgn-en\v ]cn-an-Xa- mb am\yX \ne-\n¬°p-∂ Xvv F∂dn-bpI. kwL-SnX taJ-eb - nse Ah-Im-iß - ƒ A´n-ad- n-bp-tºmƒ kaqlw H∂msI ASn-a∏ - W - n-bp-sS temIØn-te°v hen-®n-g° - s- ∏-Sp-Ib - mWv sNøp-I. c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-j≥ AXn\p≈ `qan-Ib - mWv sa\-™p-≠m-°n-bn´p≈Xv. Ah¿ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ sImtfm-Wn-b¬ Iqen-bS- n-aXzw G‰p-hm-ß W - tam F∂v Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠h - ¿ \Ω-fm-Wv. {]Xn-tcm-[Ø - ns‚ h≥a-Xn-ep-If- pb¿Øn bp≤w XpS-tß ≠ - Xpw \Ωƒ Xs∂......
P E O P L E
A G A I N S T
A¥ m-cmjv{S {]am-W-ß ƒ A´n-a-dn-bp∂ p sF.- F ¬.- H - b psS C‚¿\m- j - W ¬ te_¿ tIm¨{^≥kv 1998¬ AwKo-I-cn® {]Jym-]\w ]Wnsb-Sp-°p-∂ h - c - psS ASn-ÿ m\ Ah-Im-iß - ƒ Cß s\ t{ImUo-I-cn-®p.... u kwL-Sn-°m\pw Iq´mbn hne-t]-im-\p-ap≈ AhImiw; \n¿_-‘nt®m _e {]tbm-KØ - n-eq-sStbm sXmgn¬ FSp- ° m- X n- c n- ° m- \ p≈ Ah- I miw; sXmgnenepw Iqenbnepw hnth-N-\-ap-≠m-hm-Xn-cn°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-iw, _me-th-eb - psS \ntcm-[\ - w. ‘Fwtπm-bvsa‚ v B‚ v tkmjy¬ t]mfnkn’ F∂ tcJ-bn-eqsS 1998¬ Xs∂ Cu auen-Im-h-Im-i-ß ƒ `mc- X - k ¿°m¿ C\w- X n- c n®v AwKo- I - c n- ® n´p≠v . {]kvXpX tcJ ]d-bp∂ p:--:˛ u sXmgn¬ At\z-jI - ¿°pw sXmgn-se-Sp-°m≥ k∂ ≤-am-hp-∂ h - ¿°pw AXv e`y-am-°m≥ th≠ kmlN-cy-sam-cp-t°-≠Xv Kh¨sa‚ v IS-a-bm-Wv. u sXmgn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-°m\pw hnth-N\ - -cl - n-X-ambn ]cn-c-£n-°-s∏-Sm\pap≈ sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS AhImihpw; u am\y-amb thX\hpw am\p-jn-Ihpw \oXn-]q¿∆h - pamb sXmgn¬ kml-Ncyhpw kwc-£n-®p-In-´m-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw; u kwL-S-\-I-fn-eqsS hne-t]-im\pw ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]cnl-cn-°-s∏-Sm-\p-ap≈ Ah-Im-ihpw; u amt\-Ps v a‚n¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-hm-\p≈ sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS Ah-Im-ihpw kwc-£n-°-s∏-Spw! u _me-th-eb - psS kºq¿Æ \ntcm-[\w k¿°m¿ ISa-bm-Wv. Cu A¥ m-cmjv{S {]am-Wß - -fn¬ H∂ p-t]mepw AwKoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hmØ c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´v ^e-Øn¬ k¿°m¿ hmKvZm\w ]q¿Æ -ambn A´n-a-dn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂ -Xv.
G L O B A L I S A T I O N
B t K m -f -h ¬ ° -c -W -Ø n -s \ -X n s c
P \ -ß
IS-∏mSv : Solidarity
PAG Bulletin Cu e°w 10 t]Pm-Wv. c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´pw, C¥ y≥X-]m¬ \nba t`Z-K-Xn-bp-am-Wv {]Xn-]mZy hnj-bw. Suggested Contribution : Rs. 5/-
ë kwLSn-°m\pw Iq´mbn hne-t]-im\pw
Bflm-`n-am-\-tØmsS Pohn-°m\pw Rß -f-\p-h-Zn-°n-√.....
te_¿ IΩo-j≥ ]d-bp-∂ p.... l
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sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS 10 iX-am\w {]mXn-\n-[y-ap-s≠-¶nte t{SUvbqWn-b≥ cq]oI-cn-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp-≈q. (Cu \n¿t±iw t{SUv bqWn-b≥ \nbaw t`Z-KXn hcp-Øn-sIm≠v 2001¬ Xs∂ k¿°m¿ AwKo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wv). thms´-Sp-∏n-eqsS 51 iX-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS ]n¥ pW sXfn-bn-°msX ]Wn-ap-S-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-√. Cß -s\-b-√mØ ka-c-ß -sf√mw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤am-bn-cn-°pw. \nb-a-hn-cp≤ ka-c-ß -fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ sXmgn-em-fn°v Znh-ksam-∂ n\v 3 Znh-ksØ Iqen hoXw \jvS-s∏-Spw. \nb-a-hn-cp≤ ka-cm-lzm\w \S-Ønb bqWn-bs‚ AwKo-Imcw 3 h¿j-°m-e-tØ°v ]n≥h-en-°pw. sa√t∏m°v ˛ N´-∏Sn ka-c-ß ƒ \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. (51 iX-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS AwKo-Imcw hmß n kacw sNøm-sa∂ IΩojs‚ alm-a-\-kvIX hmgvØ-s]-tS-≠-Xp-X-s∂ . ka-cta ]mSn-s√∂v ]d-bm≥ Cß s- \-sbmcp \n¿t±iw sh°p-∂ p-sh∂v am{Xw. C\n ]d-bp-∂ A\p-_‘w hmbn-®m¬ AXv a\- n-em-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. Pe-hn-X-cWw, KXm-K-Xw, BtcmKyw, km\n-t‰-j≥ sshZypXn XpSß nb taJ-e-I-fn¬ 51 iX-am\w t]¿ ]n¥ pW-®mepw kacw ]mSn-√-s{X. kacw \S-∂ -Xmbn IW-°m°n A\p-c-RvP\ N¿® Bcw-`n-°-W-sa-∂ mWv IΩo-j≥ ]d-bp-∂ Xv am{X-a√ A\p-c⁄ - \ N¿®Iƒ Hcn-°¬ Bcw-`n-®p-I-gn-™m¬ DS-ºSn D≠m-hp-∂ -Xn-\n-Sb - n-ep≈ ImeØv Hcp ka-chpw ]mSn-√-s{X.) amt\-Pvsa‚p-ambn N¿®-sN-øm≥ sN°v-Hm^v hgn 66 iX-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-IfpsS ]n¥ p-W-bp≈ bqWn-b\p am{Xta A\p-aXn \¬Im-hq. (bq-Wn-b≥ AwKXzw ÿ nXo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v sXmgn-emfn \¬Ip∂ kΩ-X-]-{X-amWv sN°vHm-^v) 300 sXmgn-em-fn-I-f n¬ IqSp-X -ep≈ hyh-km-b-ß -f n¬ am{Xta ‘ sN°v Hm^v ’ \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≈q. 20\v apI-fn¬ 300 hsc sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp≈ hyh-kmb-ß -fn¬ kwL-S-\-I-fpsS AwKo-Imcw XpS-ß nb Imcy-ß ƒ ‘ te_¿ sdKpte-j≥ IΩoj≥’ F∂ DtZym-K-ÿ -cpsS k` Xocp-am-\n-°pw. (te-_¿ sdKpte-j≥ IΩoj≥ F∂ m¬ sXmgn¬ X¿°-ß -fn¬ Ah-km\ hn[n ]d-bp∂ tImS-Xn-bm-W-s{X) AwKo-IrX bqWn-b\ - p-am-bp-≠m-°p∂ GXp Icmdpw apgp-h≥ sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw kzoI-cn-®psIm≈Ww. Icm¿ ewLn-°p∂ sXmgn-emfn in£m¿l-\mWv (sXm-gn-ep-Sa Icm¿ ]men-°-W-sa∂ v IΩo-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ -tX-bn-√) 300 sXmgn-em-fn-I-fn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ ÿ m]-\-ß -fpsS amt\-Pvsa‚n¬ sXmgnemfn ]¶m-fnØw C\n th≠. (\qdn\pw aq∂q-dn-\p-an-S-bn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp≈ 52 iX-am\w hyh-km-b-ß ƒ Iº-\okv BIvSv {]Imcw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ tPmbn‚v tÃm°v Iº-\n-I-fm-Wv F∂-dn-bp-I. C¥ y-bnse ^mIvSdn taJ-ebn¬ 63.6 e£w sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp-≈-t∏mƒ AXns‚ 60 iX-am-\w, AXm-bXv 38 e£w 300 sXmgn-em-fn-I-fn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ ÿ m]-\-ß fnem-Wp-≈-Xv) sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS sXmgn¬]-chpw hy‡n-]-c-hp-amb {]iv\-ß -sfm-gnsI hyhkm-b-Øns‚ \b-]-c-amb Imcy-ß -fntem \ne\n¬∏ns‚ {]iv\-ß -fntem CSs]-Smt\m A`n-{]mbw ]d-bmt\m C\nta¬ sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v AhIm-i-ap-≠m-hn-√. kacw sNøm\pw hne-t]-im\pw Bflm-`n-am-\-tØmsS s\©v \nh¿Øn Pohn-°m\p-ap≈ sXmgn-em-fn-If- psS auen-Im-hI - miw C\n AwKo-Ic- n-®p-X-cn-s√∂ mWv IΩoj≥ {]Jym-]n-°p-∂ Xv. Cu dnt∏m¿´v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´m¬ ASn-a-∏-Wnbpw Nm´hmdpw aS-ß n-h-cp-sa∂ v ]d-bp∂ Xv hnSp-hm-b-Ø-a-s√∂ v a\- n-em-bn-t√?
sXmgn-ep-S-a-If- psS am\n-s^tÃm 1969-e m-b n-c p∂ p H∂ mw te_¿ IΩo-j ≥ dnt∏m¿´v ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv. PÃokv KtP{µ KmUvI¿ sNb¿am-\m-bn-cp∂ {]kvXpX IΩoj≥ C¥ y≥ sXmgn-emfn kaq-lsØ am\yX-bp≈ a\p-jy-cmbn ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sh-¶n¬ t\¿hn-]-co-X-Zn-i-bn-emWv {io kptc-{µ-taml≥ sNb¿am-\m-bp≈ c≠mw te_¿ IΩojs‚ \nK-a-\-ß ƒ. Ip™p-Ip´n ]cm-[o-\-ß -f-S°w ]tØm ]Xn\t©m tImSn hcp∂ AXn-k-º-∂ -scm-gn-sIbp≈ `mc-Xo-b-sc-sb-√mw, Ah¿ kwL-SnXtcm Akw-L-Sn-Xtcm F∂ hnth-N-\an√msX Iqen ASn-a-I-fm-°p-Is - b∂ H‰ ZuXyam-Wv Cu dnt∏m¿´ns‚ Xmfp-Iƒ \nd-th-‰p∂ -Xv. 1977¬ C¥ y-bpsS sXmgn-¬ a{¥ n Bbn-cp∂ {io. cho- { µ- h ¿Ω- b mbncp∂ p IΩo- j ≥ sNb¿am≥. IΩo-js‚ saº¿ sk{I-´d- n-bmhs´ C¥ y-bnse hyh-km-bn-I-fpsS kwL-S\-bmb ‘admØm tNº¿ Hm^v tImta-gk v n’¬ Zo¿L-Imew {]h¿Øn® Bfpw. 1470 t]PpI-fn¬ 12 Hmfw A≤ym-b-ß -fn-embn ]c∂ p InS-°p∂ dnt∏m¿´ns‚ GXm-≠v F√m \nKa-\-ß fpw hyh-km-b-{Kq-∏p-I-fpsS kpc-£nX- X zhpw kzmX- { ¥ yhpw em`- s °m- X n- b pw e£y-an-´p-sIm-≠mWv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. sF.- F ≥.- S n.- b p- k n- b p- s S- b pw, _n.- F w.- F ns‚bpw {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ IΩo-j≥ AwK-ß fm-bn-cp-∂ p. c≠v Imcy-ß ƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v dnt∏m¿´v sNøphm-\mWv k¿°m¿ IΩo-jt- \mSv Bh-iy-s∏´-Xv. 1. BtKmfh¬°-cW ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ kwL-SnX hyh-kmb taJ-ebn¬ \nehn-ep≈ sXmgn¬ \nb-a-ß ƒ bp‡n-kl-ambn ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I. 2. Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn-em-fn-IfpsS an\naw kpc£ Dd-∏m-°p-∂ -Xn-\mh-iy-amb tZio-bhpw GIo-Ir-X-hp-amb \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\p≈ {]mtbm-KnI \n¿t±-i-ß ƒ ka¿∏n-°p-I. sXmgn¬ \nba ]cn-jvI-c-Ww, Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bn¬ sXmgn¬ \nb-a-ß -fpsS cq]o-I-cWw, kmaqly kpc-£, BtKm-f-h¬°-cWhpw {]Xym-Lm-X-ß fpw, kv{XoIfpw _meth-e-bpw, sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e-\w, ]p\¿hn-Zym`ymkw, kmaqly hf¿® F∂ n-ß s\ Bdp ]T-\-{Kq-∏p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS dnt∏m¿´p-Ifpw sh®p- s Im- ≠ m- W v C¥ y≥ sXmgn- e p- S - a Iƒ°p≈ Cu am\n-s^tÃm Xøm-dm-°n-bX-s{X!
PAG Bulletin H∂ mw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v ˛ BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ Hcp Zim_vZw ˛ 2 `mK-ß ƒ (H‰ hmfy-Øn¬) ho≠pw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ p. tIm∏n-Iƒ°v Fgp-XpI
í
At]-£n®v 60 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw A\p-aXn e`n-®ns√¶n¬, e`n-®-Xmbn IW-°m°n Iº\n AS-®p-]q´mw hnjbw AS-®p-]q-´m\pw ]ncn-®-b-°m-\p-ap≈ k¿°m¿ A\p-a-Xn-bpsS Imcy-am-Wv. 100 sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ IqSpX¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ß ƒ AS-®p-]q-´m≥ k¿°m¿ A\p-a-Xn thW-a∂ pw, A\p-aXn \ntj[n°m≥ k¿°m-dn\v Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠-∂ p-amWv Ct∏m-gsØ hyh-ÿ . F∂ m¬ 300 sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ hsc ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ß ƒ k¿°m¿ A\paXn C√msXXs∂ AS-®p-]q-´p-Ibpw sXmgn-em-fn-Isf ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNøm-sa∂ v te_¿ IΩo-j≥ FgpXp-∂ p. 300\v apI-fn-emWv sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS FÆ sa¶n¬ 90 ZnhksØ AS-®p-]q-´¬ / ]ncn-®-b°¬ t\m´okv k¿°m-cn\v sImSp-°Was{X! AXns‚ Hcp tIm∏n AwKo-Ir-X- bq-Wn-b\pw \¬IWw. At]-£n®v 60 Znhkw ImØn´pw k¿°m¿ A\p-aXn e`n-®n-s√-¶n¬, A\p-aXn e`n-®-Xmbn IW°m°n Iº\n ]q´n c£-s∏-Sm≥ DS-a°v Ah-Im-i-ap≠m-bn-cn°Ww F∂ mWv IΩo-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ -Xv. (\ΩpsS k¿°m¿ Xs∂ ‘sXmgn-ep-S-a-I-fp-tS-Xm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒ ’ CØcw Imcy-ß -fn¬ Hcp {]tXyI A\paXn F¥ n-\m-sW∂ v Icp-Xn-bmhpw {io cho-{µ-h¿Ω Cß s\ \n¿t±-in-®Xv.) hnjbw tem°u´pw teHm^pw BIp-tºmƒ CØ-csamcp t^m¿am-en-‰n-t]mepw ]men-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂ n√! sXmgn-em-fn°v Ipd®v ]Ww sImSpØv {]iv\w ]cn-lcn-°m-\mWv te_¿ IΩo-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ -Xv. 300\v apI-fn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp≈ hyh-km-b-Øn¬ teHm^n\pw tem°u-´n\pw Bcp-sSbpw A\p-aXn tNmZnt°-≠-Xn-√. c≠p amksØ t\m´otkm, AUzm≥kv iº-ftam sImSp-Øp-sIm≠v tem°u´pw teHm^pw {]Jym-]n-°mw. \qdn¬ Xmsg sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ ]Wn-sbSp-°p∂ ÿm]-\-am-sW-¶n¬ \jvS-]-cn-lmcw t\sc ]Ip-Xn-bm-°pw. (\q-dn\pw aq∂ q-dn\pw CSbv°v sXmgnem-fn-I-fp≈ hyh-km-b-ß -fnse teHm-^n-s\-°p-dn®v IΩo-j≥ an≠p-∂ n-√). \nb-a-hn-cp≤ tem°u-t´m teHmt^m BsW-¶n¬ Hmtcm Znh-k-Øn\pw aq∂ p Znh-ksØ hoXw Iqen sXmgn-em-fn°v sImSp-°-W-sa∂ v IΩo-j≥ Fgp-X-p∂ p. \nbaw A\p-h-Zn-°p-tºmƒ \nb-a-hn-cp≤ tem°u-´n\v t]mIp-∂ -sX-¥ n\v?
"{]t£m-`-Øns‚ hnØp-Iƒ' hnX-cWw sNøp∂ ]n.-F.-Pn. _p≈-‰n≥ ASpØ e°-Øn¬. l l l
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]pgbpw ISepw hn‰p Xocp-tºmƒ....? C≥jq-d≥kn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂ -Xv.....? I¿te-°¿ dnt∏m¿´n-s\-Xnsc Iem]w \S-tØ-≠-sX-¥ p-sIm-≠v.......? _m¶v kzIm-cy-h¬°-c-W-_n-√ns‚ \m\m¿∞-ß ƒ BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-hn-cp≤ ka-c-ß ƒ sslPm°v sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ....!
ìAh¿°v tZiob an\naw thX-\Ø - n-\¿l-Xb - n-√.. Pohn-®n-cn-°m-\p-≈- Iqen sImSp-°p-I....î Hcp sXmgn¬ IΩo-js‚ hm°p-If- mtWm CsX∂v kwi-bn-°p-∂ h- t- cmSv
IΩo-j≥ {]Jym-]n-°p∂p ˛ ì l 20 sXmgn-em-fn-If - n¬ Xmsg-bp≈ Iº-\n-Isf . sNdp-InSíÿ m]\ß fmbn IW-°m-°W - w. l CØcw Iº-\n-If- nse sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v tZiob an\naw Iqen _m[-Iam-t°-≠X - n-√.. l F∂m¬ sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS Poh-k‘ - m-cW - Ø - n-\m-hi - y-amb Iqen AXXv Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ Dd-∏p-hc- p-ØW - w...î ASn-ÿ m\ sXmgn¬ kml-Nc- y-ß t- fm, _mØvdq-tam, sat‰-Wn- ‰neothm t]mepan-√msX F{X tImSn cq] apX-en-d° - nb Iº-\n-bm-sW-¶nepw 20-˛¬ Xmsg ]Wn°msc h®v NqjWw sNøm≥ apX-em-fn-am¿°v C\n-sbmcp \nb-aX - S- k - hpw D≠m-hc- p-sX∂v IΩo-j\v \n¿_-‘a- p≠v! ^mIvSd- okv BIvSv 1948 apX¬ tjm∏v B‚v FÃm-ªn-jsv a‚v BIvSpw ssa≥kv BIvSpw hsc-bp≈ ]Xn-\t- ©mfw sXmgn¬ \nb-aß f- psS ]cn-[n-bn¬ \n∂v Cu ÿ m]-\ß - sf ]pdw-X≈ - p-hm≥ IΩo-j≥ Hcp ]pXnb \nbaw Xs∂ \n¿t±in-°p-∂ p-≠v. Small Enterprises (Employment Relations) Act - 2002 F∂ t]cn¬ {]kvXpX \nb-aØ - ns‚ {Um^v‰v dnt∏m¿´n¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p. teHm^v sNøm\pw sXmgn-em-fn-Isf ]ncn-®b - ° - m\pw sXmgn-ep-Sa- °v ap≥Iq¿ A\p-aX - n-sIm-Sp-°p∂ Cu \nb-aØ - n¬ ]ncn-®b - ° - s- ∏-Sp-∂ h - c- psS \jvS] - c- n-lmcw F{X-bm-hW - s- a∂v hsc \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ p... sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS samØw tkh-\I - m-esØ Hmtcm h¿j-Øn\pw ]Xn-\© - p-ap-X¬ Ccp-]X - vhsc Znh-ksØ thX\w sImSpØv ]d-™p-hn-SW - s- a-∂ mWv IΩo-j≥ ]d-bp-∂ X - v. teHm^v 45 Znh-kØ - n-e[ - nIw \o≠m¬ ]ncn-®p-hn-Se - n\v bmsXm-cp-\n-ba XS-khpw D≠m-hn-√∂pw Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂ p. \nbaw Xß f- psS ÿ m]-\Ø - n¬ \S-∏m-°n-bXns‚ k¿´n-^n°‰v DSa Xs∂ Xøm-dm°n ka¿∏n-®m¬ aXn! ]cm-Xn-bp-s≠¶n¬ No^v C≥kvs]-IvS¿ F∂ temIv AZm-eØv DtZym-Kÿ - s\ kao-]n-°mas{X! Cu DtZymK-ÿ s‚ Xocp-am-\Ø - n-t∑¬ ]s£ A∏o¬ t]mIm≥ sXmgnem-fn-°h - I - m-ia- n-s√∂p IqSn IΩo-j≥ Fgp-Xp-∂ p. Aß s\ 20˛¬ Xmsg Bfp-Iƒ sXmgn-se-Sp-°p∂ hyh-km-bß - ƒ apgp-h≥ H‰-bS- n°v Akw-LS- n-Xta-Je - b - m°n am‰p-Ib - mWv sXmgn¬ IΩo-j≥! B[p-\nI imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS ]n≥_-eØ - n¬ Hcp kq∏¿ Iºyq´dpw 4 Bfp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ \S-Øm≥ Ign-bmØ tkh\hyh-kmbw C∂n-s√\v F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-sa-∂ n-cn-s°, IΩo-js‚ sNdp-InS hyh-kmb \n¿∆N - \ - Øn¬ Bbn-cw-tImSn aqe-[\ - a- p≈ hyh-kmbw t]mepw IS-∂ p-Ib - d- pw! AXp Xs∂-bmhpw IΩo-j≥ Dt±-in-®X - pw.
KSGIEU
28-˛mw kwÿ m\ ktΩ-f\w 2003 am¿®v 6 apX¬ 9 hsc
tImgn-t°mSv skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, {]Z¿i-\w, {]N-c-W-Pm-Y-Iƒ, kplrXv ktΩ-f-\w, {]Xn-\n[n ktΩ-f-\w, s]mXp-k-tΩ-f\w
hnth-I-ap-≈-h-sc√mw, Ah¿ apX-em-fn-am-cm-bmepw Cu dnt∏m¿´n-t\mSv kl-X-]n-°pw. cmP ysØ hyh-kmb A¥ -co-£hpw cwK-`q-anbpw c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-js‚ kz¥ w hm°p-I-fn¬ \n∂ m-Wn-hnsS D≤cn°p∂ -Xv...... “ka-c-ß ƒ hyh-kmbw ]q´m≥ Imc-W-am-hptam F∂ v `b°p-∂ -Xn-\m¬ t{SUv bqWn-b-\p-I-fpsS ka-cm-lzm-\-ß ƒ Ipd-™p... A\p-c-RvP\ N¿®-I-fn-eqsS {]iv\-]-cn-lmcw tXSp-I-bmWv ]pXnb coXn... sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS {]iv\-ß sf-°mƒ DS-ab - psS Ah-Im-iß - fpw {]iv\ß - f - p-amWv A\pc-RvP\ N¿®-I-fn¬ Ct∏mƒ Db¿∂ p tIƒ°p-∂ -Xv... DXv]m-Z\ hf¿®, sNehv Npcp-°¬, DS-a-bpsS kmºØnI ]cm-[o-\X - I - ƒ, Itºmf \ne-hmcw XpS-ß n-bh - b - mWv N¿®m-hn-j-b-ß ƒ.. DSa \nd-th-t‰≠p∂ _m≤y-X-Iƒ, t£a-]≤ - X - n-Iƒ°p≈ hnln-Xß - ƒ F∂ nh IrXy-ambn AS°mt\m ]ncn-s®-Sp-°¬ Xzcn-X-am-°m-t\m-t]mepw N¿®-Iƒ \S-°p-∂ n-√... sXmgn-ep-Sa°v kmº-ØnI ]cm-[o-\X Ds≠¶n¬ ]ns∂ ]d-bm-\n-√...-sXm-gn¬ A\p-cR - vP\ - k - a- n-Xn-Ifpw tImS-Xn-Ifpw hsc hyh-km-bX - m¬∏-cy-ß f - mWv apJy-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂ -Xv... tkh\ taJ-e-bn¬ t{SUv bqWn-b≥ {]h¿Ø\w aµo-`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂ p.....” “1981˛91 ImeØv 402.1 Zi-e£w a\pjy-Zn-\-ß ƒ C¥ ybv°v \jvS-s∏-´p-sh-¶n¬ 91-˛2001 ImeØv 210 Zi-e£w a\p-jy-Zn\-ß -fmbn AXp Ipd-™p. 91 apX¬ 2001 hsc \jvS-amb a\p-jy-Zn-\-ß -fn¬ 60 iX-am-\hpw sXmgn-ep-S-a-I-fpsS \nba-hn-cp-≤-tem-°u-´p-Iƒ Imc-W-am-bn-cp-∂ p; ˛138.5 Zi-e£w. sXmgn¬ ka-c-ß ƒ ImcWw \jvS-am-bXv tIhew 92 Zie£w am{Xw. 1999˛emhs´ 76.2 e£w a\p-jy-Zn-\-ß ƒ tem°u-´p-Iƒ Ih¿s∂ -Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ 9.7 e£w a\p-jy-Zn-\ß ƒ am{X-amWv ka-c-ß ƒsIm≠v \jvS-am-b-Xv.” AXm-bXv ka-cß - fpsS F´n-c´ntbmfw tem°u´pIƒ sIm≠pt]mbn F∂ mWv Cu dnt∏m¿´v Nq≠n-Im-Wn-°p-∂ -Xv. BtKm-f-h¬°cW sImSp-¶m-‰n¬ kwL-SnX hyh-kmb taJe-bpsS Akw-L-Sn-X-h¬°-cWw bmsXmcp \nb-a-]-cn-jvI-cWhpw IqSmsX Xs∂ \S-∂ p-I-gn-™p-sh-∂ mWv Cu hne-bncp-Ø-ens‚ A¿∞ w. F∂ n´pw hmS-I-bvs°-Sp-°p-Ibpw Hgnhm-°p-Ibpw(HIRE & FIRE) sNøp-∂ -Xn-\p≈ H‰ "sXmgn¬\nbaw' aXnsb∂ mWv IΩo-j≥ Fgp-Xp-∂ -Xv. kwL-SnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS t]cn¬ k¿°mcpw apX-em-fnamcpw C∂ v am‰n sh°p∂ Xp—-amb XpI IqSn em`Øn¬ hI-bn-cp-Øp-hm-\mWv {iaw. Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse hne-t]-i¬ tijn Cu Imc-Ww-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ t\sc ]Ip-Xnbm-Ip-sa∂ v B¿°mWv Adn-bm-Ø-Xv. ]pXnb \nt£-]-ß sfm∂ pw \S-ØmsX Xs∂ em`w Ip∂ q-Iq-´m-\mWv ]pd-∏m-Sv. ]Wn-sb-SpØv Pohn-°p∂ alm-`q-cn-]£w C¥ ym-°m-cp-sS Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ iq\y-amb t]m°‰v Ah-c-gn-®p-am-‰p-I-bm-Wv. CXn\v thsdm-c¿∞ w IqSn-bp-≠v. B`y-¥ c Itºmfw D]-t`mK-tijn \in®v XIcpw F∂ -Xm-W-Xv. ^etam sXmgn-en-√mbva s]cp-Ip-Ibpw hymh-km-bnI amµyw `oI-c-ambn XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. Bfp-Iƒ km[\w hmß msX \ne-\n¬°p-Itbm hfcp-Itbm sNømØXmWv Itºmfhyh-ÿ sb∂ v Bcm-Wnh¿°v ]d™p sImSp-°p-I. Hcp te_¿ IΩo-j\v B`y-¥ c Itºm-fsØ DW¿Øm-s\-¶nepw Ign-bp-sa∂ v Icp-Xn-t]mb hnth-I-ap-≈-h¿; F¥ n\v apX-em-fn-am¿ t]mepw Cu kºq¿Æ B‚ n te_¿ dnt∏m¿´n-s\-Ip-dn®v kl-X-]n-°p-∂ p-≠m-hpw.!
B‚n te_¿ IΩo-js‚ tX≥sam-gn-Iƒ l
l
l
l
l
{]tXyI Ib-d-dp-aXn taJ-e-Isf
(Export processing zones) sXmgn¬ \nb-a-]-cn-[n-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-c-Ww.
(sXm-gn¬ \nb-aß - ƒ H∂ msI s]mfn-®p-Ig- n-™m¬ ]ns∂ F¥ p \nba ]cn-[n-bmWv D≈Xv?) Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bn¬ t{SUv bqWn-b≥ D≠m-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°pw. ({]tXyI A\p-aXn H∂ p-an-√m-sX-Xs∂ bqWn-b-\p-Ifpw ka-c-ß fpw D≠m-hmsX hsø∂ v `c-WIqS Z√mƒam¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂ p-sh∂ v kmcw.) sXmgn-em-fn-I-f-s√-¶nepw AwK≥hmSn Poh-\-°m¿ an\naw Iqen°v A¿l-cm-Wv. iºfw Iq´m≥ Hcp hgn-IqSn IΩoj≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ p. AwK≥hmSn KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fn¬ \n∂ v ^okv CuSm-°-W-a-s{X! k¿°m¿ ^≠v sIm≠v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ AwK≥hm-Sn-Iƒ th≠ F∂ mWv IΩoj≥ Fgp-Xp-∂ -Xv. (km-£m¬ temI-_m¶pw Aß s\ Xs∂ ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v IΩoj\v AhcpsS ]cn`hw kln-°msX Im°mw) 20\v apI-fn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fp≈ hyh-km-b-ß -fn¬ {ItjIƒ \n¿_-‘-am-°-Ww. (C-t∏mƒ Xs∂ CXv \n¿_-‘amWv IS-em-knse \n¿_-‘-Øn\v Ac \q‰m≠v {]mb-aps≠∂ v am{Xw.) ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp-∂ -h¿°v \jvS-]-cn-lmcw sImSp-°-W-sa∂ v IΩo-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ p.
\jvS-]-cn-lm-c-\n¿t±iw F) tcmK-{K-ÿ h - y-hk - m-ba - m-sW-¶n¬, Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ k¿∆o-kvImeØn\v {]Xn-h¿jw Htcm amk-sØ hoXw Iqen; _n) {]h¿Øn-°p∂ hyh-km-b-am-sW-¶n¬ Ah-ti-jn°p∂ k¿∆okv Ime-Øn\v {]Xnh¿jw H∂ c amksØ hoXw Iqen; kn) em`w sImøp∂ hyh-km-b-am-sW-¶n¬ _m°n k¿∆okv Ime-Øn\v c≠p amksØ hoXw Iqen; F∂ n-ß -s\-bmWv ]ncn-® b°p-∂ - h¿°v sImSpt°≠ \jvS]cn-lm-cas{X! (em`w sImøp∂ _m¶p-I-fnse hn.-B¿.-F-kns‚ ]Ww t]mepw 15 h¿jsØ "t_m≠mbn' sImSp-°p∂ \ΩpsS cmPyØv IΩo-j≥ ]d-bp∂ XpI e`n-°m≥ c≠p Xeapd ImØn-cn-t°-≠n hcp-sa∂ v kmcw.)
H∂ v Hm¿Øp sh°p-I; temI-sØm-cn-SØpw Hcp kº∂ h¿§ `c-WI - qShpw sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS {]mYanI Ah-Im-i-ß ƒ t]mepw kzta-[bm A\p-h-Zn®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-´n-√. Ak-a-Xz-ß -fpsS ta¬ Dd-™pIq-Sp∂ kmaqly kwL¿j-ß fpw t]mcm-´-ß fpw Db¿∂ p-h-∂ -t∏mƒ Ah-c-Xn\v \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-´psh∂ v am{Xw. Ah-Im-iß - f - pw \nb-aß - fpw ÿ m]ns®-Sp-°m\pw Ah \S-∏n- em-°n-In-´m\pw sXmgn-emfn kwL-S-\-I-fpsS \nXm¥ Pm{K-Xbpw CS-s]-S-epIfpw sIm≠v am{Xta Ign-™n-´p-≈q.
""kzbw kw`m-h\ sNbvXv kpc-£n-X-cm-hpI'' ‘kmaqly kpc-£-bv° mbn hnI-knX cmjv{S-ß ƒ AhcpsS tZiob hcp-am-\-Øns‚ 40 iX-am\w hsc am‰n-sh-°p-∂ p-≠v. F¥ n\v \ΩpsS Ab¬cm-Py-amb {ioe¶ Cu C\-Øn¬ Pn.-Un.-]n-bpsS 4.7 iX-am\w sNe-hm-°p-tºmƒ C¥ y tIhew 1.8 iX-am-\-amWv 102 tImSn P\-X-bpsS kmaq-ly-kp-c£ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°mbn sNe-h-gn-°p-∂ -Xv.’ kmaq-ly-kp-c-£n-XXzw kw_-‘n® te_¿ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´nse A≤ymbw Cu {]kvXm-h-\-tbm-sS-bmWv Bcw-`n-°p-∂ X - v. kmaq-ly-kp-c£ - n-XXzw ]ucs‚ auenIm-h-Im-i-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ IΩo-j≥, AXv Hmtcm ]ucs‚bpw kz¥ w sNe-hn¬ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-Wsa∂v ]d-™p-d-∏n-°p-∂ p. sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS kw`m-h\ kzoI- c n- ® p- s Im≠v saUn- ° ¬ C≥jq- d ≥kpw, s]≥j≥ ^≠pw apX¬ sXmgn-ep-S-a-bpsS _m[y-Xbmbn \ne- h n- e p≈ h¿°v s a≥ tImº≥tk- j ≥ \nbaw hsc ]cn-jvI-cn®v tIm¨{Sn-_yq-´dn kmaq-lykp-c£ C≥jq-d≥kv ]≤-Xn-If- m-°m-\mWv IΩo-js‚ \n¿t±-iw. {Km‰n-hn‰n \nb-ahpw s{]mhn-U≠v ^≠v \nbahpw CtX t]mse tIm¨{Sn-_yq-´dn ]≤-Xn-If- mbn ]cnh¿Ø-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ p. Akw-LSnX taJ-e-bnse sXmgn¬ kpc-£-sb-°p-dn®v hmNme-am-hp∂ IΩo-j≥ AXn-se√mw ‘hy‡n-]c- -amb kw`mh\’ \¬In kpc-£n-X-cm-hm-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ -Xv. AkwLSnX taJ-e-bnse tZiob an\naw thX\w A©mw iº-f-IΩ - o-j≥ dnt∏m¿´nse G‰hpw Ipd™ ASn-ÿ m\ iºf\ncs°¶nepw Bth-≠-Xp-s≠∂v B{Klw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n´v ‘{]mtbm-Kn-I-a-s√t√m’ F∂v ]cn-X-]n®v ]n≥am-dp-∂ p. am{X-hp-a√ ‘{]mtbm-Kn-I-amb’ an\naw thX\w \n¿Æ - b n- ° m≥ tI{µ- k w- ÿ m\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv IΩo-j≥ sNøp-∂ -Xv. sXmgn-se-Sp-°p∂ kv{XoIƒ°v Xpey-tPm-en°v Xpeyth-X\w \S-∏m-°p-∂ -Xn-s\-°p-dn®v IΩo-j≥ \n»-_vZamWv! X¿°-ß ƒ k¿°m¿ ]cn-l-cn-°-W-sa-∂ p≈ Hcp kmº-Øn-Is- N-eh - p-an-√mØ D]-tZiw sImSp-°m≥ ad°p-∂ p-an-√. {]k-h-Ime B\p-Iq-ey-Øn\v t]mepw tIm¨{Sn-_yq-´dn C≥jq-d≥kv thW-sa-∂ mWv IΩoj≥ ]d-bp-∂ -Xv. F∂m¬ kv{XoI-fpsS am{Xw t{SUv bqWn-b≥ D≠m-°m\pw \ne-hn-ep≈ sXmgn-emfn kwLS-\I - f- psS tijn Aß s\ ]Ip-Xn-bm-°n Ipdbv°p∂ ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-∂ -Xn¬ IΩo-j\v AXoh {i≤-bpap-≠v.
A©v kv{XosXm-gn-emfnIfp-s≠-¶n¬ cm{Xnjn^v‰n¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-°mw {io. cho{µh¿Ω-bpw, INTUCbpsS t\Xmhv k÷o-h-sd-Õnbpw _n.-Fw.F-kv. {]Xn-\n[n kn. sI. jmPn \mcm-b-W\pw F√m tN¿∂ v Xøm-dm°nb c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´v 8 aWn-°q¿ tPmen-sb∂ A¥ mcmjv{S \nbaw t]mepw A´n-a-dn-°m-\mWv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ -Xv.
9 aWn-°q¿ hsc tPmen-sb-Sp-∏n-°-W-sa∂ pw 3 tZiob Ah[n Znh-k-ß sf ]mSp-≈p-sh∂ pw BgvN-bn¬ 5 {]h¿Øn Znhkw am{Xap≈ ]Wn ÿ m]-\-ß -fn¬ CS°v Hc-h[nZnhkw h∂ m¬ ˛ i\n-bmgvN ]Wn-sb-SpØncn-°-W-sa∂ pw IΩo-j≥ FgpXp-∂ p. 5 kv{XosXm- g n- e mfnIfp- s ≠- ¶ n¬ ˛ cm{Xn jn^v‰n¬ kv{XoIsfs°m≠v ]Wn-sb-Sp-∏n-°msa∂ pw Ah¿ Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂ p. sXmgn-em-fn-If - psS tkh-\t- h-X\ - h - y-hÿ - I - ƒ (Iq-en, tPmen-ka- b - w, Ae-h≥kpIƒ, XpS-ß n-bh - ) Imc-Ws - am∂ pw ImWn-°msX ewLn-°mt\m Dt]-£n-°mt\m DS-a°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pas{X! (ID Act 1946 Sec. 9A A-\p-k-cn®v
ap≥Iq¿ t\m´okpw A\p-a-Xnbpw Ds≠-¶nte Ct∏mƒ CXv km≤y-amhq) ASn-ÿ m\ hyh-kmb taJ-e-bn¬ hnZKv[ sXmgn-en\v Xm¬°menI / sIm¨{SmIv‰v te_¿ \nb-a\w ]mSn-s√∂ v ]d-™n´v.ìkok¨/ ]cn-Xÿ nXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂ -]£w Btcbpw Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn \nban-°mhp∂ X - mWv F∂ v IΩo-j≥ Iq´n-tN¿°p-∂ p. ^e-Øn¬ Htc sXmgnen\v c≠v Xcw Iqen c≠v sXmgn¬hy-h-ÿ -Iƒ XpS-ß n-bh aS-ß n-h-cpI-bm-Wv... ÿ ncw sXmgn-emfn ]ncn-bp-∂ -tXmsS tIm¨{SmIv‰v sXmgn¬ am{X-ambn AXv ]cn-W-an-°p-Ibpw sNømw. hyh-km-bn-Im-Sn-ÿ m-\Ø - n¬ thPvt_m¿Uv ths≠∂ v IqSn IΩo-j≥ Fgp-Xp∂ p. 25,000 cq]-bn-e-[nIw iº-f-ap≈hsc sXmgn-em-fn-sb-∂ -√, sXmgn-ep-S-asb∂ v hnfn-°m\pw, Ah-cpsS kwL-Sn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Im-i-ß ƒ ]n≥hen-°m-\pap≈XmWv ASpØ \n¿t±iw! Ct∏mƒ Xs∂ , sF.-Sn. Kpcp-°∑m¿°v IS-em-kn¬ 25,000 cq]bv°v apI-fn¬ iº-fa- p-≈t- ∏mƒ ssIbn¬ In´p-∂ Xv 5000\v Xmsgbm-sW∂ v ]d™ptIƒ°p∂ p! Ah-scms° H‰-b-Sn°v ë apX-em-fn-bm-hp-I-bmWv F∂ v Npcp°w!!
1983 ˛ 98 ImesØ sXmgn¬ taJebnse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS FÆ w (tImSn-bn¬) h¿jw
1983 1990 ˛ 91 1997 ˛ 98
kwL-Sn-X-ta-Je
2.40 tImSn 2.70 ,, 2.80 ,,
Akw-L-SnX taJe
BsI
27.86 tImSn 32.97 ,, 35.46 ,,
30.26 35.67 38.26
sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bpsS hnX-cWw iX-am-\-Øn¬ h¿jw
1988 1994 1996 1997 1998
kzbw-sXm-gn¬
Iqen-bp≈ ÿ ncw sXmgn¬
Imjz¬ sXmgn¬
53.6 51.9 52.4 52.6 50.7
15.2 14.2 15.9 14.5 12.3
31.2 33.5 32.8 32.9 37.0
kzbw sXmgn¬ sNbvXv Pohn-®-h-cn¬ 3 tImSnbpw ÿ ncw tPmen-bp-≠m-bncp∂ 3 tImSn sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Imjz¬ sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS ]´n-I-bn-te°v sNs∂ -Øn-b-Xns‚ kwkm-cn-°p∂ sXfn-hmWv Cu ]´n-I-bn-ep-≈Xv!
sXmgn-em-fn°v{]tXyItImSXn hcp∂p AhnsS PUvPn-am¿ DtZym-K-ÿ-cmWvt]mepw!
]ucm-hI - m-i-ß f- n-√mØ ]pgp-°ƒ...! Hcp ‘AJn-te¥ ym te_¿ PqUo-jy¬ k¿∆okv’ cq]o-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂ mWv IΩo-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-∂ -Xv. sXmgn¬ X¿°-ß tfm sXmgn-en-S-ß -fn¬ Ac-tß -dp∂ ]oU-\ß tfm GsX-¶nepw Hcp knhn¬ tImSXnbn¬ FØn®v tNmZyw sNøm≥ sXmgn-emfn-Iƒt°m Ah-cpsS kwL-S-\-Iƒt°m Ah-Im-i-an√! hy‡n-]-c-amb ]cm-Xn-Ifpw X¿°-ß fpw ‘temIv AZm-eØv’ F∂ DtZymK-ÿ ≥ ]cnl-cn-®p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂ m-Wv \n¿t±-iw. hyh-kmbØns‚ samØw {]iv\tam X¿°tam BsW-¶n¬ ‘te_¿ dKp-te-j≥ IΩo-j≥’ ]cn-l-cn°pw! Ch-cp-sSsb√mw Xocp-am\w A¥ n-a-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂ pw, cmP ysØ Hcp knhn¬ tImS-Xn-bn¬ A∏o¬ sImSp-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn°cp-sX∂ pw ˛ IΩo-j≥ \n¿t±-in-°p∂ p! No^v C≥kvs]IvS¿°v tImS-Xn-bpsS A[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cn°pw. DS-a-bpsS {]nb-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ ≥ tImS-Xn-bm-hp-tºmƒ hn[n-bpsS KXn F¥ mhp-sa∂ v Duln-°p-I! ]ucm-h-Imiw t]mepan√mØ ]pgp-°-fmWv sXmgn-em-fnsb∂ v CXnepw hy‡-ambn ]d-™p-h-bv°p∂ -sX-ß s\.....!
amt‰-≠Xv \nb-a-ß -f√ \b-ß -fmWv 44 iX-am\w C¥ y≥ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ \nc-£c- a- m-Wv.... kmt¶-Xn-Ia- n-Ihv Fs¥ ¶ - n-epap≈ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ 5 iX-am\w am{Xw. 4.16 tImSn sXmgn¬c-ln-X-¿ 958 Fwtπmbvsa‚v FIvkvtN-©p-I-fn-embn t]cv cPn-ÿ sNbvXn-´p≠v... ]c-am-h[n 80,000 t]¿°mWv {]Xn-h¿jw Cu kwhn-[m-\Ø - n-eqsS sXmgn-¬ e`n-°p-∂ X - s{X! {]Xn-h¿jw 60 e£w t]¿ sXmgn-et- \z-jI - c- psS ]´n-Ib - n¬ IS∂p hcp-tºm-fmWv CXv. Ign™ Hcp Zim-_vZ-Ønse sXmgn¬ hf¿®-\n-c°v icm-icn 0.9 iX-am\w am{Xw. sXm´p-apºsØ Zim-_vZi - -cm-icn (1981-˛91) 1.5 iX-am-\a- m-bn-cp-∂ p. 200-0˛¬ kwL-SnX taJ-eb - nse sXmgn¬ i‡n samØw sXmgn-ens‚ 8.3% am{Xambn Ipd-™n-´p-s≠∂v F≥.-Fk - v.H- . dnt∏m¿´v ]d-bp-∂ p. CXn¬ kzImcy taJ-eb - psS ]¶v 2.5% amWv t]mepw! am\p-^m-IvNd- nwKv cwKØv kzImcy taJ-eb - psS ]¶v c≠m-bnc-am≠v hsc 18.3 iX-am-\a- m-bn-cp-∂ Xv 2002¬ 16.5 iX-am-\a- mbn Ipd-™p-sh∂pw dnt∏m¿´v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂ p. sXmgn¬ \nba-ß ƒ ewLn-°p-Ibpw hym]-Ia- mbn ]ncn®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXX - ns‚ IY am{Xw ]d-bm-\p≈ Ign™ Zim-_vZØ - ns‚ A¥ yØn¬ ˛ 10 e£w sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ kwL-SnX taJ-eb - n¬ \n∂v ]pdw X≈-s∏-´p-sh∂v Ign-™a- mkw ]m¿en-sa‚n¬ k¿°m¿ kΩ-Xn-®X - v Hm¿°pI. H∏w Akw-LS- nX taJe-bn¬ 10 tImSn sXmgn¬ \jvSa- mWv h∂n-´p-≈s- X∂v \ap-°mcv ]d™p-Xc- Ww! sXmgn¬ \nb-aß - ƒ s]mfn-°p-Ibpw Hmlcn Itºm-fØ - n¬ ]W-sa-dn™v NqXm-SpIbpw sNbv X m¬ sXmgn¬h- c p- s a∂ v Icp- X p∂ h¿°p≈ adp- ] - S n- b m- W v Cu IW-°p-Iƒ. aqe-[\ - Ø - ns‚ {]hmlw sIm≠√ AXv DXv]m-Z\ - t- a-Je - b - n¬ \nt£-]n-°p-tºm-gm-Wv ]pXnb hyh-km-bh - pw, sXmgnepw IS-∂ p-hc- pI! IqSp-X¬ sXmgn¬ hcm≥ \nt£]w \S-ØWw F∂m¬ s]mXp-kz-Im-cy-\n-t£-]-\n-c°v sR´n-∏n-°p-∂ h - n[w Xmtgm´mWv bm{X! amt‰-≠Xv BtKm-fh - ¬°-cW - k - m-º-Øn-I\ - b - ß - f- m-Wv, sXmgn¬ \nb-aß - f- √ F∂v Npcp-°w.
"{]Xn-h¿jw Hcp tImSn sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ß ƒ krjvSn°p'sa∂ am\n-s^-tÃm-bpsS ]n≥_-e-tØmsS A[n-Im-cØn-seØnb _n.-sP.-]n-bpsS `c-W-Im-e-Øm-Wv {]Xn-h¿jw Hcp Zi-e£w sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ°v hoXw sXmgn¬ ssItamiw h∂ p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-IbmWv....... 1991 apX¬ 98 hsc 2,27,133 s]mXp-ta-Jem Poh-\-°msc hn.-B¿.-F-kv. \¬In ]ncn-®b®n-´p-≠v.... XpS¿∂ v h∂ 3 h¿jw 3 e£w sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ hn.-B¿.-F-kv. FSpØv ]ncn-™p-t]m-bn...... 8,63,117 s]mXp-ta-Jem _m¶v Poh-\-°m-cn¬ 11 iX-am\Øn\v hn.-B¿.-F-kv \¬In ]ncn-®-b-®p. 101000 t]¿°v CXn-\mbn _m¶p-Iƒ sNe-hm-°nb XpI 7490 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv. Ign™ 3 h¿jw sIm≠v Im¿jn-tI-Xc kwL-SnX hyh-kmb taJ-e-bn¬ am{Xw 7.85 e£w sXmgn-em-fnIƒ°v ]Wn-bn-√m-Xmbn! ˛ cmP y-k-`m-tc-J-Iƒ _n.-Fw.-F n\v A¬]w {]Xn-tj[w sF.-F≥.-Sn.-bp.-kn.°v kºq¿Æ kΩXw 12 A≤ym-b-ß -fn¬ H∂ mb ‘sXmgn¬ ]cn-jvI-c-Whpw ]p\-cm-tem-N\bpw’ Xß ƒ°v kzoIm-cy-a-s√∂ v IΩo-j-\nse _n.-Fw.-F-kv. {]Xn\n[n jmPn \mcm-b-Ws‚ {]tXyI Ipdn-∏n¬ ]d-bp-∂ p. tPmen-ka - bw Iq´¬, kvss{S°n\v _me-‰v, sNdp-In-Sb - q-Wn-‰n\v {]tXyI \nb-aw, bqWn-b≥ AwKo-Im-ca - m-\Z- -WvUß - ƒ XpS-ß nb Imcy-ß -fnepw _n.-Fw.-Fk - n\v tbmPn-∏n-√s{X! F∂ m¬ 12-˛¬ 11 A≤ym-bß - fpw AwKoI-cn-°p∂ _n.-Fw.-Fk - v. \ne-]m-Sns\ sNb¿am≥ «mLn-°p-∂ p-≠.v Iqenb-Sn-a-Xzhpw apX-em-fnØ Nqj-Whpw AXns‚ apgp-h≥ `oI-c-X-I-tfmsSbpw ]p\- c- h-X -c n- °p∂ te_¿ IΩo- j≥ dnt∏m¿´nse Hmtcm A≤ymbhpw Hmtcm \n¿t±-ihpw Xß f - p-tSXp IqSn-bm-sW∂ v sF.-F≥.Sn.-bp.-kn. ssIsøm-∏n´v {]Jym-]n-°p-∂ p≠v! Ah-tcm-sSm-∏-ap≈ sXmgnem-fn-Iƒ ]s£ CXv kzoI-cn-°ptam....?
Iqen-b-Sn-aXzw hcp∂ hgn-Iƒ... te_¿ IΩo-js‚ ap≥Km-an-I-fm-bn-cp∂ hnhn[ k¿°m¿ IΩn-‰n-I-fpsS \n¿t±-i-ß -fn-eqsS Htcm-´-{]-Z-£n-Ww. A©mw iºf IΩo-j≥ ˛P\p-hcn 1997 ls]mXp-tk-h\ - h - Ip-∏p-If- n¬ A\m-hi - y-am-bh AS-®p-]q-´W - w. lHm^o-
k¿ XkvXnI-bn-eq-∂ p∂ hn[-Øn¬ B^o-kp-Iƒ ]p\x-kw-hn-[m\w sNø-Ww. laq∂-ce - £w Hgn-™p-In-S° - p∂ XkvXn-II - ƒ Hgn-hm-°W - w. lAh[n Znhkw F´m-bn-Np-cp-°W - w. lPoh-\° - m-cpsS FÆ w ]Øp h¿jw sIm≠v C∂p-≈X - ns‚ 30 iX-am\w I≠v Ipd-°W - w. AXn\v tI{µ Poh-\° - m¿°v hn.-B¿.-Fk - v. ]≤Xn Bhn-jvIc- n-°W - w. lbqWnb≥ ]ªnIv k¿∆okv IΩo-j ≥, Ãm^v ske-£≥ IΩo- j ≥, sdbn¬th dn{Iq-´vsa‚v t_m¿Uv F∂nh AS®p ]q´-Ww.
cmam-\p-P≥ IΩn‰n ˛ 2000 l10
iX-am-\w As√-¶n¬ 100 sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ C√mØ bqWn-b\v cPnkvt{S-j\v A¿l-Xb - n-√. lAwKkwJy ]Øv iX-am-\Ø - n¬ \n∂v Ipdbp∂ apdbv°v bqWn-b≥ AwKoImcw ]n≥h-en-°Ww.
Aep-hm-enb IΩn‰n ˛ - 2001 lC‚-kv{Sn-b¬
Unkv]yq´v BIvSv Nm]v‰¿ 5 Dt]-£n-°W - w. l1000 sXmgn-em-fn-I-fn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ hyh-km-b-ß ƒ AS-®p-]q-´p-∂ -Xnt\m sXmgn-em-fn-Isf ]ncn-®b - ° - p-∂ X - nt\m ap≥Iq¿ A\p-aXn ]mSn-√. (C¥ ybn¬ 86 iX-am\w ^mIvSd- n-If- nepw 100¬ Xmsg-bmWv sXmgn-em-fn-IfpsS FÆ w. kwL-SnX taJ-eb - nse BsI sXmgn¬ i‡n-bpsS 30 iX-am\w CXn¬ hcpw. 13 iX-am\w ^mIvSd- n-Iƒ 100\pw 999\pw CSbn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ ]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ hyh-km-bam-Wv. kwL-SnX taJe-bnse BsI sXmgn¬ i‡n-bpsS 44 iX-am\w CXn¬ hcpw. Hcp iX-am\w ^mIvSd- n-Ifn¬ am{X-amWv 1000\v apI-fn¬ sXmgn-em-fn-If- p≈-Xv. kwL-SnX taJ-eb - nse BsI sXmgn¬ i‡n-bpsS 26 iX-am\w CXn¬ hcpw. 99 iX-am\w ^mIvSd- n-Ifpw, 74 iX-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw sF.-Un. BIvSv 5˛_n °v ]pdØv t]mIpw F∂mWv CXns‚ A¿∞w.) lsF.-Un. BIvSv sk£≥ 9 ˛F Dt]-£n-°W - w. Cu \nb-aØ - ns‚ 4˛mw sjUyq¬ {]Imcw Iqen, s{]mhn-U≠v ^≠v, s]≥j≥, Aeh≥kp-Iƒ, sXmgn¬ ka-bw, Ah-[nbm\p-Iq-ey-ß ƒ, sXmgn-em-fn-If- psS t{KUv F∂nh ap≥Iq¿ A\pa-Xnbn√msX ]cn-jvIc- n-°p-hm≥ sXmgnep-Sa- bv°v Ah-Im-ia- n-√. ltIm¨{SmIvSv te_¿ sdKp-te-j≥ \nbaw Dt]-£n-°p-I. lKpW-t`m-‡m-°f- psS kw`m-h\ kzoI-cn®v sXmgn¬ clnX C≥jq-d≥kv ]≤Xn \S-∏m-°W - w. lsXmgn-em-fn-bpsS {]mb-a\p-kc- n-®p≈ dn´-b¿sa‚v kwhn-[m-\Ø - n\v ]Icw sXmgn-en\v {]mbw \n›-bn®v \nb-a\w \S-Øm≥ A\p-aXn \¬I-Ww. l\n›nX iX-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-If- psS ]n¥ p-Wb - p-s≠∂v sXfn-bn-®m¬ am{Xta ka-cß - ƒ A\p-hZ- n-°m-hq. References 1. Second National Labour Commission Report - A study - Ruddar Dutt (Former President, Indian Economic Association) Business Line 2. Regulating Labour for more Employment - A study on second National Labour Commission Report - C. P. Chandrasekharan, Jayathi Ghosh Business Line 3. Second National Labour Commission Report - A study - CITU Publications
cmtIjv taml≥ IΩn‰n ˛ s^{_p-hcn 2001 l{]Xn-h¿jw
10 iX-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-Isf hoXw Ipd-®p-sIm-≠ph-cW - w. lsdbn¬sh hIp-∏v {]h¿Øn-If- psS ASn-ÿ m-\Ø - n¬ hnhn[ tIm¿∏-td-j\ - p-If- mbn hn`-Pn-°W - w.
KoXm-Ir-jvW≥ IΩn‰n ˛ am¿®v 2000 lk¿°m-cns‚ iºf sNehv 30 iX-am\w I≠v sh´n-Ip-d° - W - w.
5 h¿j-tØ°v Un.-F. h¿≤-\hv ac-hn-∏n-°W - w. l`mhn-bn¬ iºf-IΩ - o-j\ - p-Iƒ th≠. s]≥j≥ ]≤Xn tIm¨{Sn-_yq-´d- n-bmbn ]p\x-kw-hn-[m\w sNøp-I. l5 h¿jw sIm≠v 5 e£w Poh-\°msc Hgn-hm-°p∂ hn.-B¿.-Fk - v. kn.-B¿.-Fk - v. ]≤Xn BhnjvIc- n-°pI (F¶n¬ 15,000 tImSn cq]-bpsS t\´w k¿°m-dn\v D≠m-hp-as- {X). laq∂n-sem∂v th°≥kn am{Xw C\n apX¬ \nIØn-bm¬ aXn. ls{]mhn-U≠v ^≠n¬ \n∂v ]Ww ]n≥h-en-°m\p≈ Ah-Imiw 5 h¿j-tØ°v ac-hn-∏n-°W - w. l10 h¿jw tkh\w ]q¿Øn-bm-bh - ¿°v 5 sIm√sØ Zo¿LIme Ah[n A\p-hZ- n-°W - w. l25 apX¬ 50 iX-am\w hsc k¿°m¿ Poh-\°msc (52\pw 55\pw CSbn-ep≈ {]mb-Øn¬ sh®v) ]ncn-®b - ° - Ww. l{Kq∏v Un, kn, t]mÃp-Iƒ ]Sn-]S- n-bmbn \n¿Ø¬ sNøWw.
c≠mw te_¿ IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´ns‚ IcSv F{Xtbm ap≥]v hnhn[ k¿°m¿ IΩo-j\ - p-If- n-eqsS Xøm-dm-°s- ∏´n-cp∂ p F∂ v a\- n-em-bnt√?
C¥ y≥ sXmgn¬ta-Je..... sR´n-∏n-°p∂ IW-°p-I-fn-eqsS...... ILO dnt∏m¿´v 2001
kwL-SnX taJ-eb - nse sXmgn¬ hf¿®m-\n-c° v (iX- a- m\- Ø - n¬)
C‚¿s\‰v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂ -h¿ temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bpsS 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 BsI 6 iX-am-\-amWs{X! 300 tImSn a\p-jy¿ Hcp-h´w icm-icn t]mepw sSen-t^m¨ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´n-√..... 460 Zi-e£w (˛) sXmgn-et- \z-jI - ¿ hcp∂ Hcp Zim_vZw sIm≠v ]pXp- 1.44 1.21 0.04 0.73 0.55 1.15 1.09 0.46 1.04 0- .15 0.75 Xmbn D≠m-hpw...... CXns‚ aq∂ n¬ c≠p-`m-Khpw Gjy-bn¬ \n∂ m-bn-cn-°p-as{X! bqtdm-∏nepw Ata-cn- 1991-˛2000 ImeØv icm-icn hf¿®m-\n-c°v 0.75 iX-am-\a- mbn Ipd-s™∂p °-bn-ep-ambn CXns‚ 3 iX-am\w t]cm-Wp-≠m-hp-I- am{X-a√ 2000-˛¬ hf¿®°v ]Icw 0.15% Ipdhv kw`-hn-®p-sh∂v sXmgn¬ sb-∂ v sF.-F¬.H ]T\w ]d-bp-∂ p. 2000 Ah-km\w a{¥ m-ebw Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂ p-sh-¶n¬ bYm¿∞ Ipdhv F{X-sb∂v Duln°mw!! 160 Zi-e£w t]¿ temI-ØmsI sXmgn¬ \jvS-s∏´v sXmgn-e-t\z-jI - cmbn amsd-sb∂ v sF.-F¬.-H. Is≠- Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bn¬ 83-˛90 ImesØ sXmgn¬ hf¿® 1.5 iXØn-bn-cn-°p∂ p! ˛_nkn-\ v sse≥ am-\-am-bn-cp-∂ p. 91-˛00 ImeØv CXv 0.90 iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv.
"Imjzem'bn Xocp∂ ÿ ncw ]Wn-°m¿ h≥InS hyh-kmbw Ign™ kmº-ØnI h¿jw ]pd¥ ≈ - n-bs - Xm-gn-em-fn-If - psS FÆ w 45,000 BsW∂ mWv k¿°m¿ IW-°v..... F∂ m¬ kyXyhp-ambn CXns\¥ v _‘-ap-≠∂ v a\-kn-em-°m≥ Ah¿ Xs∂ \ntbm-Kn®n-´p≈ BIFR s‚ IW°v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ aXn ˛ 3296 hyh-km-b-ß ƒ Ign™ 5 h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]pXnb kmº-ØnI \b-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn, "kn°v' Bbn InS-°p-∂ p-≠v..... ("kn°m'bm¬ NnIn¬k-sN-øm≥ F∂ t]cn¬ BIFR C\n ths≠∂ v Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-Ib - mWv Kh¨sa‚v) Cu ÿ m]-\-ß -fn¬ ]Wn-sbSp-°p∂ 18,84,564 BfpIƒ°v sXmgn-en-s√∂ v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂ n-s√∂ v am{Xw. Hcp tImSn F¨]Xv e£w `mc-Xo-b-cpsS ]Wn-im-eI-fm-bn-cp∂ 10 e£-tØmfw sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-ß ƒ C¥ y-bpsS Ib-‰p-a-Xn-bpsS 35 iX-am\w ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp∂ taJ-eb - m-bn-cp-∂ p. D]-Ic - W ˛ \n¿ΩmW taJ-e-bpsS 40 iX-am\w sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-ß -fpsS kw`m-h-\-bm-bn-cp-∂ p. Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bmb Im¿jn-I-ta-J-e-bn-emWv sXmgn¬ i‡n-bpsS 60 iX-am\w ASn-™p-Iq-Sp-∂ Xv... BtKm-fh - ¬°-cWw Im¿jn-Ih - f - ¿®-tb ˛ DXv]mZ\w ˛ hn]-W\w ˛ hcp-am\w Ch-bn-se√mw ˛ ]ndtIm´v hen-®p-sIm≠p t]mhp-tºmƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ sXmgn-ens‚ FÆ saSp-°p-I A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Wv.
10 sXmgn-em-fn-Ifn¬A[nIap≈^mIvSdnIfnsesXmgn¬i‡n sXmgn¬taJ-e-Iƒ sXmgn-em-fn-I-ƒ(e£-Øn¬) `£y-kw-kvIcWw sSIvÃ-bn¬ ASn-ÿ m-\t- emlw cmk-]-Zm¿∞ ß - ƒ ]pI-bne DXv]-∂ -ß ƒ temtl-Xc DXv]-∂ -ß ƒ b{¥ D]-I-cW \n¿ΩmWw XSn, XSn-bp¬∏-∂ -ß ¬ A®Sn / am≤yaw a‰p-≈h BsI
13.2 21.5 10.6 8.6 6.4 4.9 7.5 12.52 7.13 7.55 99.99 sk≥{S¬ Ãm‰nÃn°¬ Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j≥
1991 ˛ 2001 ImeØv 21.34iX-am\w P\-kw-Jy-bmWv h¿≤n-®-Xv. AXmbXv {]Xn-h¿jw 6 Zi-e£w t]¿ sXmgn-e-t\z-j-I-cmbn h∂ p tNcp∂ p F∂ ¿∞ w. kwL-SnX hyh-km-b-ta-J-e-bn-te°v Ch-cn¬ \n∂ pw Hcm-sf-t∏mepw kzoI-cn-°m-\m-hmsX 40000 t]sc ]pd-¥ -≈pI-bm-Wv sNb-X-sX∂ v Cu IW°v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ p.
{]Xn-h¿jw 6 Zi-e£w sXmgn¬ At\z-jI - ¿ IS-∂ p-hc- p∂ cmPyØv kwLSnX hymh-km-bnI taJ-eb - nse sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS FÆ w Ipd-™-Xns‚ IW°v. sXmgn¬ a{¥ m-ebw ]pd-Øn-d° - n-bXv
kwLSnX taJ-eb - nse sXmgn-emfnIfpsS FÆ w ˛ tImSn-bn¬ 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 2.67 2.70 2.72 2.74 2.75 2.79 2.82 2.83 2.85 2.83 Ign™ Hcp Zim-_vZa- mbn IS-∂ p-h∂ sXmgn-et- \z-jI - c- n¬ \n∂pw (6 tImSn) kwL-SnX taJe kzoI-cn-®Xv shdpw 20 e£w sXmgn-em-fn-Is- f-bmWv! F¥ v ]‰n tUmIvS¿ kmtd, Fs‚ InUv\n ImWp-∂ n-√-t√......
AX-Sn®v am‰m∂ v tamln-t°≠ kmd-∑m-tc, Ctß m´v hcp∂ hgn at‰ Bip-]-{Xo-t°dn InUv\n AhnsS FSpØv sh®n-cn-°ym.....
Cu Hm∏-td-j≥ thKw \S-Øv... Xncn®v t]mIpºw AhnsSt°dn InUv\n ^n‰v sNtø-≠-Xm....
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kzmX{¥ yw t\Sp-tºmƒ C¥ y-bn¬ 23344 t]mÃv Hm^o-kp-I-fmWp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ -Xv. F∂ m¬ 5477 t]¿°v Hcp t]mÃv Hm^okv F∂ IW-°n¬ 1,54,149 t]mÃv Hm^o-kp-Iƒ C∂ v C¥ y-bn-ep-≠v. Ch-bn¬ 1,37,847 FÆ hpw {KmaoW taJ-e-bn-em-Wv. Hcp h¿jw 1576.64 tImSn X∏m¬ Dcp-∏S- n-If - mWv Cu t]mtÃm-^okp-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂ X - v. Ch-bn¬ 26.82 tImSn cPn-kvt{SUv Dcp-∏S- n-If - m-Wv. Ch Xcw Xncn®v bYm-ÿ m-\ß - f - n-te°v Ab-°p-∂ Xn-\mbn 573 tkm¿´nwKv Hm^o-kp-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂ p. GItZw 5000 tImSn cq] hcp∂ 10.91 tImSn aWn-Hm¿U-dp-Iƒ {]Xn-h¿jw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂ p. (A-Xm-bXv P\-ß -fn¬ \n∂ pw kzoI-cn-°p∂ 5000 tImSn cq] C¥ ym-Kh - ¿sa≠ns‚ "aWn-Hm¿U¿ ss]∏v sse\n'¬ ÿ nc-ambn D≠m-hp-sa-∂ ¿∞ w) kºmZy ioe-Øns‚ _me-]m-T-ß ƒ ]I¿∂ v \¬Ip∂ C¥ y≥ t]mtÃm-^okv tkhnwKvkv _m¶ns‚ k©nX \o°n-bn-cp∏v (Cumulative oustanding balance) F{X-sbt∂ m ˛ 1,55,295 tImSn cq]! hm¿jnI \nt£]w 25000 tImSn cq]bmWv 11.09 tImSn tkhnwKvkv A°u-≠p-Iƒ POSBbnep≠v. C¥ y-bn-emZyw sse^v C≥jq-d≥kv Bcw-`n-°p-∂ Xv X]m¬ hIp∏m-Wv. DtZym-Kÿ - ¿°mbn ]cn-an-Xs - ∏-Sp-Ønb Cu sse^v C≥jqd≥kv ]≤-Xn-bn¬ 30.67 e£w t]mfn-kn-I-fn-embn 10037.13 tImSn cq] tiJ-cn-°p∂ p. C¥ y-bnse G‰hpw henb c≠m-asØ sXmgn¬ taJ-e-bmb X]m¬h-Ip-∏n¬ 2,92,672 dKp-e¿ Poh-\°mcpw 3,09,915 C.-Un. Poh-\-°mcpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂ p. ˛ KoXmIrjvW≥ IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´n¬ \n∂ v
D]m-[n-c-lnX hmbv] th≠ X]m¬ tkhnwKv k v _m¶v kwhn- [ m\w GXm\pw t]mtÃm-^o-kp-I-fn-te°v am{X-ambn ]cn-an-Xs- ∏-Sp-Ø-Wsa∂ \n¿t±iw Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xy-mLm-X-amWv krjvSn°p-I. tZiob kºm-Zy-]-≤-Xn-bn-eqsS X∏m¬ hIp∏v tiJ- cn-°p∂ \nt£-]-Øns‚ \o°n-bn-cp∏v XpI Ct∏mƒ ]q¿Æ -ambpw (t\-csØ CXv 80 iX-am-\-am-bncp-∂ p) AXXv kwÿ m\ k¿°m-dp-Iƒ°v hmbv]b - mbn e`n-°p-∂ p-≠v. tZ-iob kºmZy ]≤-Xn-bpsS {]tam¿´¿amcmbn kwÿ m\ k¿°m-dp-Iƒ cwKØv hcp-∂ Xpw alnfm-{]-[m≥ Dƒs∏sSbp≈ GP‚p-amsc \ntbmKn®v \nt£-]-k-am-l-cWw Du¿÷n-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ Xpw Cu hmbv]m kuIcyw e£yw sh®m-Wv. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v kv{XoIƒ°v CsXmcp A\p-_‘ sXmgn¬ta-J-e-bpam-Wv. (Ign™ kmº-Øn-Ih - ¿jw tIc-fØ - n\v Cß s\ e`n® hmbv] GI-tZiw 800 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv. 1000 tImSn hsc e`n® h¿j-ß -fp-ap-≠v. F.-Un.-_n-bpsS BZy-K-Up-hm-bv]°v th≠n ˛ (600 tImSn). tIcf P\X-bpsS PohnXw Xs∂ ]W-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ k¿°m¿ tZiob kºm-Zy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ \n∂ p≈ D]m-[n-c-lnX hmbv]m km[yX AS-®p-I-f-bp∂ X]m¬t`-Z-KXn _n√nt\mSv \n w-KX ]pe¿Øp-∂ Xv A¤p-X-I-c-am-Wv.)
At∏mƒ... ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p∂ _Z-ens\ F¥ v t]cn´p hnfn°pw? tkmjy-en-k-sat∂ m IΩyq-Wn-k-sa-t∂ m.....? F¥ v t]c-Xn\v \¬In-bmepw AXv Cu tKmfw Xosd-gp-Xp∂ BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-am-hn-s√∂ v Dd-∏m-Wv... a\p-jy-flm-hp-Iƒ°v Bbncw NndIv apf-bv°p∂ DZmØ-amb \oXn hyh-ÿbmhpw AXv... BcmWo ]pXnb temIw krjvSn-t°-≠Xv? Cu `qan-bpsS t\c-h-Im-in-I-fmb \Ωƒ Xs∂ . Bi-b-ß -fpsS hnkvt^m-S-\-ØneqsS.... hnØv hnXdn hnf-bn®p sImbvsXSp-t°≠h¿ \Ωƒ Xs∂ ... CsXmcp kz]v\tam k¶¬∏tam A√. Imew A\n-hm-cy-sa∂ v ImXn-temXp∂ a{¥ -am-Wv. AXn-Po-h-\-t]m-cm-´-ß ƒ°v _Z-ep-I-fn-√.... ^nU¬ Imkvt{Sm-
“\ΩpsS cmPy-sØbpw kwkvIm-cs- Øbpw k¿t∆m-]cn \ΩpsS a\- n-s\bpw {Kkn-®n-cn-°p∂ h¿§o-bX - b - psS bYm¿∞ cq]w Npcp-ß nb t]Pp-If - nepw hm°p-If - n-ep-ambn ad-\o-°n-Im-Wn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂ p-sh-∂ X - mWv Cu IrXn-bpsS ta∑. CXv Adn-hns‚ I\n-Iƒ am{X-a√ {]t£m-`Ø - ns‚ hnØp-Iƒ hnX-cWw sNøp-∂ p.... hnh-cß - ƒ Adn-bm\pw Adn-™X - ns‚ ASn-ÿ m-\Ø - n¬ {]h¿Øn°m\pw Xm¬]-cy-ap-≈h - ¿ apgp-h≥ Ahiyw hmbn-®n-cn-t°-≠h - b - mWv Cu IrXn-Iƒ” ˛ PAG _pf-‰n≥ hm¿jnI ]Xn-∏p-Is - f-Ip-dn®v Nn¥ hmcn-I {]kn-≤o-Ic - n® ]pkvXI - m-ht- em-I\ - Ø - n¬ \n∂ v , Unkw-_¿ 6, 2002
^¬mkn-s\mcapdn-b≠v P\m[n]-XyØ
PAG Bulletin c≠mw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v “P\m[n]-Xy-Øn¬ ^mkn-k-Øn-s\mcp apdn-bp≠v ”{]kn-≤o-I-cn®p c≠mw `mKw “P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn\v Cß s\-sbm-c¿∞-ap≠ v” DSs\ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ p. tIm∏n-Iƒ°v _‘-s∏-SpI CONVENOR, PAG, 37/1079 A, ‘NARMADA’, KAURVISSERY, KOZHIKODE - 10 Ph : Resi : 2374666, Off : 2723016
PEOP LE
TION B ALISA
S T G LO AG AIN \- Xnsc P\- ß ƒ - W-Øn- s
- h¬°-c BtKm- f
tImgn-t°m-Sv, IÆ q¿ tZim-`n-am\n _p°vlu-knepw ]ø-∂ q¿ kntkm _p°vknepw tIm∏n-Iƒ e-`y-am-Wv.
Suggested contribution Rs. 20
hnthIw sshIn DZn-°p-∂ Xv Poh-\p-t]-£n-°p-∂ -Xn\v Xpey-amWv. KoXmIrjvW≥ IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´ns‚ NphSv ]nSn®v C¥ y≥ t]mÃv-Hm^okv BIvSv t`Z-KXn _n¬ ]m¿e-sa‚ n¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-I-gn-™p. _n√v hn`m-h\w sNøp-∂ Xv Fs¥ m-s°-bm-sW∂ v t\m°p-I. l {]h¿Øn ASn-ÿ m-\-Øn¬ t]mì Un∏m¿´v sa‚v, tkhnß vkv _m¶v, t]mì sse^v C≥jq-d≥kv, X]m¬ hnX-c-Ww, kv]oUv t]mÃv XpS-ß n-bh tIm¿∏-td-j-\p-I-fm-°pw. l X]m¬ hIp-∏ns‚ BkvXn-Iƒ, sI´n-S-ß fpw ÿ e-hp-apƒs∏sS L´w L´-ambn hn‰-gn-°p-Ibpw ]m´-Øn\v \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøpw. l X]m¬ Nm¿÷v \n¿Æ bw {]tXyI IΩn-‰n°v hnSpw..... Poh-\-°mcpsS FÆ w t\¿]-Ip-Xn-bmbn Ipd-°pw. l IØp-I-fpsS IpØI kw`-cWw, hnX-c-Ww, aWn-Hm¿U¿ kzoI-cn°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw XpS-ß n-bh AS-ß nb C¥ y≥ t]mtÃm-^okv \nb-a-Ønse sk£≥ ˛ 4 Dt]-£n°pw. l 50,000 cq] ssek≥kv ^okv CuSm°n X]m¬ kwhn-[m\w kzImcy-ta-J-ebv°v \¬Ipw. l {KmaoW X]m¬ k¿∆okv hcp-am\w ]¶p-sh-°¬ ]≤Xn ASnÿ m-\Ø - n¬ kzImcy GP≥kn-Iƒ°v ssIam-dpw. (STD/ISD_qØv t]mse) l B¿.-Fw.-F-kv. Hm^o-kp-I-fpsS tPmen, tkm¿´n-ß v, X]mem-^o-kpI-fn-te°v am‰n Cu kwhn-[m\w \n¿Ø¬ sNøpw. l tkhnß vkv _m¶v kwhn-[m\w sXc-s™-SpØ t]mtÃm-^o-kp-Ifn-embn ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øpw. l tUm¿ sUen-hdn kwhn-[m\w ]cn-jvI-cn®v t]mÃvt_mIvkv kwhn[m\w sIm≠p-h-cpw. kzbw NsØm-Sp-ß n-bnt´m s\©v \nh¿Øn \n∂ v {]Xym-{I-aWw \SØn-bnt´m Cu Iq´-sIm-e-tbmSv \Ωƒ {]Xn-I-cn--t°-≠Xv?
P E O P L E
A G A I N S T
F∂ m¬ Ah¿ sNøp-∂ Xv....? Ata-cn-°-bnse B`y¥ c X]m¬kw-hn[m\w Ct∏mgpw ]q¿Æ -ambpw s]mXp-D-S-a-bnem-Wv. kzImcy taJ-e°v `mKn-I-amb ]¶mfnØw \¬Im-\p-t±-in-®p-sIm≠v 1998¬ sIm≠p-h∂ "t]mì tamUssW-tk-j≥ _n¬' Ata-cn-°≥ sk\-‰n¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂ p. Ata-cn-°-≥ P\X°v \ne-hn¬ e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ sa®-s∏´ tkh\w \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ `b-amWv AXn\v ImcWw. {_n´-\n¬ 350 {Kmw `mchpw Hcp ]u≠v hsc k¿∆okv Nm¿÷p-ap≈ F√m X]m-ep-cp∏-Sn-I-fp-sSbpw ssIIm-cy-I¿ØrXzw Kh¨sa‚p-S-a-bn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂ p. Im\-U-bn¬ CXv 500 {Kmw hsc-bm-Wv. t]mì hIp∏v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ UmIv ]{Xn-I-bn¬ t]mì Un∏m¿´vsa‚ns‚ sU]yq´n Ub-d-IvS¿ ]n. sI. Nm‰¿Pn FgpXnb teJ-\-Øn-emWv C°mcyw kqNn-∏n-®n-´p≈-Xv. ssN\ X]m¬cwKw ]q¿Æ -ambpw s]mXp-D-S-a-bn¬ \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂ p-sh∂ v am{X-a-√, C°m-cy-Øn¬ I¿i-\-amb \ne-]mSmWv ssN\-°p-≈-sX∂ pw Nm‰¿Pn hy‡-am°p-∂ p-≠v.
G L O B A L I S A T I O N
B t K m -f -h ¬ ° -c -W -Ø n -s \ -X n s c
P \ -ß
C\n apX¬ ]n.-F.-Pn. _p≈-‰n≥ IqSp-X¬ t]Pp-I-tfmsSbmWv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pI (h¿j-Øn¬ Ipd-™Xv 6 e°-ß ƒ) A®Sn sNehpw X]m¬ Nm¿÷pw AS°w 50 cq]-bmWv hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy (hm¿jnI ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ CXn¬ s]Sp-Øm≥ \n¿∆m-l-an-√) 50 cq]-bpsS DD/MO -Ab-°pI _p≈n-‰n≥ \nß ƒ°v e`n-°p-sa∂ v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI (DD tIcf tÉv P\-d¬ C≥jq-d≥kv Fwtπm-bokv bqWn-bs‚t]cn¬
tImgn-t°mSv amdm-hp-∂ -Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww) CONVENOR, PAG, 37/1079 A, ‘NARMADA’, Kaurvissery, Kozhikode - 10 The Hindu
KpP-dmØv tamU¬, C¥ y-sbm-´msI hym]n-∏n-°pw ˛_n.-sP.]n PEOPLE AGAINST GLOBALISATION (PAG)\v
th≠n tIc- f- mtÉv P\-d ¬ C≥jq-d ≥kv Fwtπm- b okv bqWn-b \pw
LIC Fwtπm-bokv bqWn-b≥ tImgn-t°mSv Unhn-j\pw tN¿∂ v (AIIEA) s]mXp-Xm¬]-cy-{]-Imcw tImgn-t°mSv \n∂ v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂ Xv
FUn-‰nMv, teHu-´v, Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ : AP-b≥. Un.Sn.-]n. : tU‰m-sI-b¿ Printed at : Kamala, Calicut
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