2010
Strengthening Philippine Institutional Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change Outcome 3.1 Activity 3.3
Training Report Component 3A: Training on the Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Tools on Agriculture for Local Stakeholders in Benguet and Ifugao
UPLB Foundation Inc. Lanzones Road, UPLB Campus College, Laguna 4031 Philippines Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao Tel: (049) 536 3368 Fac: (049) 536 6265
Funded by:
Through the: Department of Agriculture Elliptical Road, Diliman, Quezon City
Implemented by: UPLB Foundation Inc. Lansones Road, Univeristy of the Philippines Los Ba単os College, Laguna
Report Prepared by: JESUSITA O. COLADILLA With EUNICE CHARICE B. MENDOZA ROMNICK O. BALITON CATH DELA TORRE
Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
PROCEEDINGS of the
TRAINING OF TRAINORS
on Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
i
I
INTRODUCTION
1
II
THE TRAINING PROGRAM
2
a
Program Overview
2
b
Participants
3
c
Participants Expectations
4
d
Synthesis of Lectures/Presentation
5
e III
Lecture 1 - Training Overview
5
Lecture 2 - Climate Change Science: Basic Meteorology and Climatology Concepts
6
Lecture 3 - Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts
6
Lecture 4 - Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture
7
Lecture 5 – Impacts of climate change in Benguet and Ifugao
7
Lecture 6 -
7
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Framework, Approaches, Tools and Methods: An Overview
Lecture 7 - Biophysical and Socio-economic Characterization for Benguet and Ifugao
8
Lecture 8 -
Climate Change and Women in Benguet
8
Lecture 9 -
FGD and KII as tools in VIA
8
Lecture 10 - Proposed Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Tool of the Agricultural Sectors to Climate Change Benguet and Ifugao
8
Lecture 11 - GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of Agriculture
9
Group Exercises On Vulnerability And Impact Assessment
9
Pre- and Post-Training Evaluation
22
Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
APPENDICES
29
Table 1 – Training Program for the Province of Benguet
30
Table 2 – Training Program for the Province of Ifugao
31
Table 3 – List of Participants from Benguet
32
Table 4 – List of Participants from Ifugao
34
Presentations (topics presented) Lecture 1 - Training Overview
35
Lecture 2 - Climate Change Science: Basic Meteorology and Climatology Concepts
37
Lecture 3 - Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts
44
Lecture 4 - Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture
48
Lecture 5 – Impacts of climate change in Benguet and Ifugao
49
Lecture 6 -
58
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Framework, Approaches, Tools and Methods: An Overview
Lecture 7 - Biophysical and Socio-economic Characterization for Benguet and Ifugao
63
Lecture 8 -
Climate Change and Women in Benguet
68
Lecture 9 -
FGD and KII as tools in VIA
Lecture 10 - Proposed Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Tool of the Agricultural Sectors to Climate Change Benguet and Ifugao
87
Lecture 11 - GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of Agriculture
94
Pre- and Post Training Evaluation Results
1022
Photo Documentations
107
Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
Executive Summary A three-day Training of Trainors on Climate Change Vulnerability and Impact Assessment tools for the province of Ifugao was conducted at Ifugao State University (IfSU), Lamut, Ifugao on November 10-12, 2010 and at Benguet State University (BSU), La Trinidad, Benguet last December 6-8, 2010 for the province of Benguet. A total of 14 and 32 participants attended the training for Ifugao and Benguet, respectively. The host institution welcomed the participants during the opening ceremony. For Benguet, the event was graced by the Vice-President for Academic Affairs of the host institution, in the person of Dr. Tessie M. Merestela. Dr. Feliciano G. Calora, SPICACC-BSU Project Leader, was also present during the opening programme and gave short message to the participants. Participants are composed mainly of Municipal Agricultural Officers (MAO), agricultural technicians, farmers, and local government officials of the project site municipalities (Atok, Buguias, Sablan, and Tuba for the province of Benguet; Kiangan, Banaue, Alfonso Lista and Mayoyao for the province of Ifugao). In Benguet, representatives from BSU and Regional Field Unit of the Department of Agriculture in Cordillera Autonomous Region (RFU-DA-CAR) were also present. The training module is designed to capacitate the local stakeholders (LGUs, farmers and MAO) in conducting vulnerability and impact assessment using available tools and methods suitable to the province of Benguet and Ifugao. This is part of the project of the Department of Agriculture funded under the Millennium Development Goal Fund (MDGF) entitled “Strengthening the Philippine Institutional Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change (SPICACC)� The training aim to: a) update the stakeholders of the current development on climate change; b) update the stakeholders on the available climatic and biophysical information on their province; c) provide the stakeholders with vulnerability and impact assessment tools available; d) train the stakeholders in using the assessment tools appropriate to the area; and e) enable the participants to conduct their own vulnerability and impact assessment.
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To meet the above objectives, the 3-day training was divided into five parts, namely: a) introduction to climate change, b) climate change impacts on agriculture in the Cordillera, specifically in Benguet and Ifugao, c) vulnerability and impact assessment framework, d) tools and methods for vulnerability and impact assessment and e) vulnerability and impact assessment workshop. Other than lectures, pre-and post assessment survey on level of knowledge of the participants on topics to be discussed, exercises, workshop and post training evaluation were conducted to meet the training objectives and to evaluate whether they gleaned knowledge from the training. On the first day of the training, the main topics covered are: a) Understanding of Climate Change Science and its Impacts, b) Philippine Climate Change Scenarios, and c) Impacts of Climate Change in Benguet Province. On the second day, the main focus is on the vulnerability and impact assessment. Topics discussed include: a) Vulnerability and Impact Assessment (VIA) Framework, b) Tools and Methods for VIA such as Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The third day served as the culminating activity of the training, wherein participants are grouped by the municipality they represented and in a workshop were assigned to conduct their own vulnerability and impact assessment. At the end of the hour, participants presented their VIA outputs. Pre and post evaluation of the level of knowledge of the participants on climate change and the topics to be discussed show an increase in their level of awareness after the training and the training evaluation results indicated that the training objectives were met. However, there are some recommendations like inclusion of decision makers in the training, additional time for each topic, additional topics, and more exercises/hands on and local examples.
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I. INTRODUCTION The Philippines has always been frequented by climate related hazards like tropical cyclones and other extreme events like droughts and floods that hampered the health of human population; caused deaths, damaged life and properties and aggravated the difficulties among the poor people of the country. These natural hazards can be attributed to the changing climate, popularly known as “climate change�. According to Cruz, et al (2010), climate change affects the different sectors of the community and all ecosystems from the forest down to the coastal areas which encompasses the forest, agro-forest, agricultural, industrial, residential, commercial and coastal ecosystems. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in their fourth assessment report in 2007 that archipelagic countries and small islands are the most vulnerable to climate change. The Philippines already experiences the brunt of climate change as per record of increasing frequency of disasters like drought, typhoons, massive landslides, and flooding that are observed in the last ten years. Agricultural, coastal and urban sectors are among the most affected; urban sector where poorest of the poor are mostly located and are dependent on coastal and agriculture for their food supply and the agricultural sector which is heavily dependent on climate for their production. In the same report, IPCC projected that impacts of climate change will intensify in the years to come based from their global climate simulation under different economic scenarios. Projection shows that the Philippines will be greatly affected in all scenarios. Vulnerability and impact assessment, therefore, is needed for better planning of adaptation strategies that will address specific sector, places and group of people. As the most affected sector, agriculture needs to be equipped with tools and methods for better assessment of its vulnerability. Using local knowledge and available methodologies for vulnerability and impact assessment, this training of trainors was, therefore, conducted to capacitate the agricultural stakeholders in the provinces of Benguet and Ifugao in conducting vulnerability and impact assessment using available tools and methods suitable to their respective provinces. Specifically, the training aim to: 1. Update the stakeholders of the current development on climate change; 2. Update the stakeholders on the available climatic and biophysical information; 3. Provide the stakeholders with vulnerability and impact assessment tools available; 4. Train the stakeholders in using the assessment tools appropriate to the area; and, 5. Enable the participants to conduct their own vulnerability and impact assessment. Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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II. THE TRAINING PROGRAM a. Program Overview This training of trainors on vulnerability and impact assessment tools and methods for the province of Ifugao was conducted at Ifugao State University (IfSU) on November 10-12, 2010 while for Benguet, it was conducted from December 6 to 8, 2010 at Strawberry and Gladiola Hall in Benguet State University (BSU), La Trinidad, Benguet. The training was implemented by the UPLB Foundation Inc. (UPLBFI) with the support coming from the Millennium Development Goal Fund (MDGF) through the Department of Agriculture (DA). The training program was designed to train the member of the technical working group (TWG) of the SPICACC project in each province which consist of: researchers from the State University, representatives from the Provincial Agricultural Office, representatives from the Local Government Unit (LGU), the municipal agricultural officer (MAO), agricultural technicians (AT) and farmer leaders from the demo site for the SPICACC project, to conduct vulnerability and impact assessment of their respective community. For this purpose, the training program was divided into three parts: background of the training and the project, the tools and methods, and the hands-on exercises. Program of activities for the province of Ifugao and Benguet are shown in Appendix Table 1 and 2, respectively. Implementation was facilitated by the UPLBFI staff in close coordination with the host institution, the IfSU for Ifugao and BSU for Benguet. The opening program for the training in Benguet was graced by Dr. Tessie M. Merestela, Vice President for Academic Affairs of the Benguet State University (BSU) and Dr. Feliciano Calora, Jr., BSU Director for Development and Planning. For Ifugao, Ms. Mable Sawey from the IfSU, Potia Campus helped in the facilitation of the event. In both provinces, coordinators from the UPLBFI: Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla with Ms. Eunice Charis Mendoza and Mr. Romnick Baliton. facilitated all the activities. Overview of the training, objective of the course, expectations from the participants and expected outcome were laid during the first hour of the training. In both trainings, participants were also requested to share their expectations (from the lecturer, the participants, the coordinators and the logistics), and were given pre-training survey on their level of awareness on climate change and vulnerability and impact assessment. Day one focused on the understanding of Climate Change Science and its Impacts, Climate Change Scenario, Responses to Climate Change, Basic Terminology, and Vulnerability and Impact Assessment. Four chapters of the module were discussed on this day. These topics are as follows: 1. “Introduction of the training” – Appendix topic 1; 2. “Basic Climate Change Science: Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases, and Consequences” - Appendix topic 2; Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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3. “Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts” – Appendix Topic 3; and 4. “Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture” – Appendix topic 4
On the second day, the main focus is on the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, Methods, and Tools. Seven chapters were discussed on this day. These topics were as follows: 1. “Impacts of Climate Change in Benguet” by SPICACC Project; - Appendix topic 5; 2. “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Approaches, Framework, Tools, and Methods: An Overview” – Appendix topic 6; 3. “Benguet Women and Climate Change” – Appendix topic 7; 4. “Biophysical Characterization and Socio-economic Characteristics of Benguet: In Relations to Vulnerability and Adaptation Capacity Assessment” – Appendix Topic 8; 5. “GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment to Impacts of Climate Change” – Appendix topic 9; and 6. “Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment of the Agricultural Sectors to Climate Change” – Appendix Topic 10. It was unfortunate that three topics specific for the province of Ifugao were not discussed during the training in Ifugao, namely: a) Biophysical Characterization and Socio-economic Characteristics of Ifugao, and b) Impacts of Climate Change to Women. Member of the SPICACC research team from Ifugao were requested to present their outputs on bio-physical and socio-economic characterization of the province to serve as background material during the hands-on exercise, unfortunately, they were not able to come. Some materials on these topics however, were provided and included in the distributed e-materials (CD copy of all the materials presented). The last day of the training was dedicated for the workshop, and training assessment. All the participants were encouraged to conduct their own VIA using the tools and methods presented during the first two days.
b. Participants Members of the TWG in each demo site municipality were invited to participate in the training through their respective Mayors. All invited sectors and pilot site municipalities in Benguet were well represented, as follows: BSU (6), Sablan (5), Atok (7), Buguias (5), Tuba (4) and DA-CAR FU (5) (Appendix Table 3). Unfortunately, in Ifugao, only three municipality sent representatives: Banaue (5), Kiangan (7), Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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Mayoyao (2) and from IFSU (1) (Appendix Table 4). But though, the training in Ifugao have limited numbers of participants, they are diverse in composition and each one of them actively participated in all activities. Composition of the participants in each province are as follows: Benguet Ifugao MAO/AT 6 5 LGU 10 6 Farmer Leader 5 2 Researcher 6 1 DA-CARPU _5_ _0_ TOTAL 32 14
c. Participants’ Expectations from the Training In the same manner that training coordinators have expectations from the participants, participants also have their own. Hence, they were asked to share all their expectation during the start of the training to have some leveling-off of expectations. Participants from each province were asked to enumerate their expectations from the following: a) from the training course, b) from their co-participants, and c) were asked “what are they willing to contribute during the course and after the training to the community or sector they are representing”. Below are the responses given by the participants. The following were the expectations of the participants from the training:
learn tools in measuring vulnerability and adaptation capacity of communities learn different climate change indicators additional insights on CCA more insights on CC participative audience lively discussions more knowledge and information on climate change to be trained on how to disseminate CC vulnerability and how to assess impacts of cc in various factors affected by cc especially in agriculture to be aware on CC impacts to be equipped on how to assess and apply to be enlightened on how GIS can be applied to gain more knowledge and information on climate change gain knowledge on assessment tools for the agriculture sector to know/learn the tools and methods of assessing hazards of climate change how to locate the indicators of CC in the community
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To know the mitigating measures to address this climate change problems To be aware of the adaptation strategies for climate change to have instrument for investment to my community How to download the tools to the LGU for use Increase knowledge on climate change We can get help in our GIS Understand what is climate change and be able to learn how to assess its impacts thru tools available Learn about vulnerability assessment tools Learn impacts of climate change on biodiversity Learn about climate change vulnerability and impact assessment Learn how to assess climate change vulnerability and adaptation methods and tools Learn how to apply this knowledge in actual expectation.
The following are the contributions that the participants are willing to give/do during and after the training: information dissemination to the community disseminate knowledge gained in this training to FFS facilitators in CAR share observations and stories from the communities regarding impact of climate change
The participants indicated the following as the ways on how they would use/apply the things they learned from the training: apply CCA mitigation measures in agricultural production activities use in preparing for information/education/campaign regarding climate change in university/ communities use in agriculture research use in my assignment in RPCMT in personal involvement in environmental NGOs in GIS mapping of agricultural projects
The number of expectations listed by the participants under the expectations from the training show their high expectations to learn from the topics to be discussed by the resource speakers. However, few of them shared their expectations from their coparticipants and few have an idea how they would apply the knowledge gain in their future activities. d. Synthesis of Lectures/Presentation Lecture 1 – Introduction of the training (Appendix topic 1) In both sites, Dr. Coladilla discussed the overview of the program and the training logistics, the background of the activity, the objective, and the expectations of the coordinator from the participants. She mentioned about the SPICACC project Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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and the connection between this training course to the overall SPICACC program in the province. Specific objectives of the training course were also noted as well as the expected outputs and outcome, as follows: i. Update the stakeholders of the current development on climate change; ii. Update the stakeholders on the available climatic and biophysical information; iii. Provide the stakeholders with vulnerability and impact assessment tools available; iv. Train the stakeholders in using the assessment tools appropriate to the area; and, v. Enable the participants to conduct their own vulnerability and impact assessment. After her presentations, she encouraged the participants to share their expectations from the training: topics, speakers, venue and other logistics. She also mentioned that the course would be as informal as possible and that active participation from the participants is expected and being encouraged.
Lecture 2: Climate Change Science: Basic Meteorology and Climatology Concepts (Appendix Topic 2) Prior to the lecture on this topic, a pre- training survey on the level of awareness of the participants on the topics to be discussed was given. The survey was given as part of leveling off. As an introduction, Dr. Coladilla showed some pictures depicting the aftermath of different climatic events. She mentioned that she needs to convince them that there is indeed climate change; otherwise, all the presentations to follow will be of no interest to the participants. Accordingly, there is no need to conduct training on vulnerability and impact assessment tools if nobody in the group believes, in the first place, that there is indeed climate change. Starting off from this statement, terms such as weather, climate, climate change, global warming, and greenhouse gases were defined. Sources of greenhouse gases were identified, as well as, the consequences of its concentration in the atmosphere and the individual contribution to these changes.
Lecture 3: Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts (Appendix Topic 3) Under this topic, key terminologies of climate change such as Impacts, vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation, risk, hazards, shock, variability, trend, exposure, sensitivity, adaptive, and capacity were discussed. The basic concepts of climate change vulnerability in the context of agriculture were also discussed. The methods and tools used for assessing vulnerabilities of local communities to Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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climate change were also differentiated for further understanding. Examples of how to conduct community vulnerability assessment were then identified. To conclude the lecture, Dr. Coladilla challenged the participants to get involve, to participate in discussions and activities, to know our part and how we can adapt to it. This will come to pass during our time and the next generation, our children and grandchildren will suffer much if we will not act today. Lecture 4: Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture (Appendix Topic 4) Using the materials from PAG-ASA, Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla, introduced to the participants the different climate change scenarios and their consequences such as changes in temperature (changes in land surface temperature, changes in sea surface temperature), variation in rainfall, and ice melting and sea level rise. Climate change scenarios in both international and national settings were shown to increase awareness of the participants on projected climate changes. The lecture focused more on the vulnerability of the Philippines to the impacts of climate change and the projected climate by PAG-ASA based from the results of their modeling using PRECIS. Different key impacts were identified. Then, the implications of these impacts were discussed.
Lecture 5: Impacts of Climate Change In Benguet And Ifugao (Appendix Topic 5) Dr. Coladilla presented in this part the result of the FGD and KII conducted in both provinces on the impacts of CC and what are the vulnerability assessment tools utilized by the locals. She mentioned about the identified climate drivers such as drought, landslide, flooding and excessive rains in Ifugao and drought, landslide, frost, increase in temperature and landslide in Benguet. She also noted the most affected crops, such as: sayote and vegetables in Benguet and rice and corn in Ifugao.
Lecture 6. Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Framework, Approaches, Tools and Methods: An Overview (Appendix Topic 6) Dr. Coladilla presented the proposed framework for vulnerability and impact assessment that they are proposing as part of their MDGF project with NEDA. She presented the steps by steps process, the expected output, the data needed and the tools and methods that can be used to attained the expected outputs. Different terms were defined for the participants to better understand the concepts. Examples were also given. A simple exercise about V and A
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assessment was given to the participants to evaluate their learning about the matter.
Lecture 7. Biophysical and Socio-economic Characterization for Benguet and Ifugao (Appendix Topic 7) This topic was supposed to be presented by the partner institutions from Ifugao and Benguet who are also working on SPICACC project. For Ifugao, the materials provided by Ms. Sawey were presented by Mr. Vergara while for Benguet, Dr. Parao thoroughly discussed the results of their survey in the four project municipalities on the impacts of CC and the bio-physical characteristics of the province. She gives emphasis on the soil and bio-diversity characteristics of the province. Her presentation is in connection with the requirements for the VIA. She also gave brief introduction about the socio-economic condition of the province which was later presented by Ms. Batani in details on her presentation on impacts of CC on women. Copy of materials from SPICACC team in Ifugao were included in the E-materials distributed after the training. Lecture 8. Climate Change and Women in Benguet This topic is part of the socio-economic characterization of the province of Benguet, a project under SPICACC commissioned to partner institutions. Dr. Ruth S. Batani presented the results of the study they conducted regarding gender characteristics and climate change. Here, the effects of climate change to women with respect to livelihood, workload, and health were emphasized. It is unfortunate that no presentation was given on this topic in the case of Ifugao.
Lecture 9. FGD and KII as tools in VIA In Ifugao, Mr. Romnick Baliton gave an overview of the tools that can be utilized in gathering socio-economic information for VIA, specifically FGD and KII. He discussed thoroughly what focus group discussion (FGD) is and what is key informant interview (KII). Later he gave examples of results based from the activity conducted earlier in the province. For Benguet, this topic was discussed by Ms. Batani and Dr. Parao during their presentation. Though they did not discuss thoroughly the concept, they mentioned how it was done during their data gathering in Benguet.
Lecture 10. Proposed Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Tool of the Agricultural Sectors to Climate Change Benguet and Ifugao Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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Dr. Jose Nestor Garcia started his presentation on the overview of climate change and the need for vulnerability and impact assessment. He also mentioned of the different tools and methods available internationally and some of the tools and methods utilized locally that can be integrated for the VIA in Cordillera. He presented a scoring matrix that they developed for evaluation of the participants as to its applicability to the province. The steps of the procedure were discussed. After the discussion, the participants were given a group exercise. It was unfortunate that this topic was not delivered in Ifugao during this training but was delivered later during the training on monitoring and evaluation.
Lecture 11. GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of Agriculture (Appendix Topic 11) This topic was presented by Prof. Vergara in Ifugao and by Dr. Garcia in Benguet. They discussed the basic concept on geographic information systems (GIS) AND other tools that can be used in characterization of one area for VIA assessment. They mentioned about methods that can be applied such as: geographic positioning systems, satellite image, and remote sensing. Using some information provided to them earlier from Ifugao and Benguet, they showed how this can be utilized to come up a map of vulnerable areas to some climatic hazards based from its physical characteristics.
e. Group Exercises on Vulnerability and Impact Assessment To give hands-on experience in conducting vulnerability and impact assessment (VIA), specifically in: a) identifying impacts of climate change to their community, b) analyzing the vulnerability level of their community, c) identifying their adaptation needs and adaptive capacity, and d) in identifying possible adaptation options, participants were given a half-day workshop on conducting VIA. Through this exercises, participants are expected will be able to be able to address the adverse impacts of the present and future climate,. Local participants were divided by municipality while participants from the line agencies and from the university were distributed to the different municipality. Each group was composed of at least one of the following participants: LGU, MAO, AT, farmer leader, researcher from the University and representative from DA or from DENR. A copy of the step by step procedure in conducting VIA, as shown below, was provided to each group. Participants are requested to show outputs from each step for comments and suggestions. Expected final output is vulnerability map of the municipality for the identified most disastrous climatic event. A table of vulnerability rating based from derived vulnerability index of the agricultural commodity using the earlier discussed simple vulnerability assessment tools, is also expected.
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Outputs for each step are requested to be presented for comments and suggestions to ensure that participants are in the right track.
Step by Step Procedure for the Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Exercise Step
Data to be collected (Indicators)
Output
Method
List and nature of hazards
Timeline (hazard history and significant events that happened in the community)
Step 1. Describing climate-related hazards a. Identify climate Type of hazards related hazards in the community. List Seasonality down and describe Location the nature of hazards in terms of its recurrence, seasonality, location b. For each of the hazards, determine how frequent the community is exposed to the hazard, what were affected and their impacts
Frequency of exposure to the hazards Duration
Seasonal occurrence of hazards
Prevalence and severity of the hazards
What were affected
Seasonal calendar
Historical transect (how much natural resources have been affected by the hazards) Matrix ranking (determine hazard that has most serious impact on the community
Magnitude of the damage (e.g. effects on crop yields) Observed trends
Step 2. Describe the vulnerabilities of the community c. Identify high risk areas (harsh environments)
Flood-prone areas Steep areas prone to soil erosion or landslides Drought and dry spell sensitive areas Denuded areas (muyong or communal forest) (percent of total agricultural area)
Location of “high risk” areas
Key informant interview Community mapping Transect walk
d. Identify vulnerable farming systems
Areas planted to annual crops (rice terraces, vegetables) Areas with large number of livestock Areas devoted to aquaculture
Vulnerable farming systems
Secondary data (area planted to crops, sensitivity of crops to climate change) Transect walk Seasonal calendar (rainfall, cropping pattern and farm activities,
Identify major farming systems (crops livestock, fish) Determine sensitivity of crops
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and livestock to extreme climate conditions (severity of impacts of crops and livestock) Map areas devoted to climate-sensitive crops and livestock
seasonality of income)
e. Map high-density areas
High density areas
High population density map
Social mapping
f. Identify “most vulnerable” groups
Proportion of subsistence farmers in the community
List of “most vulnerable” groups
Matrix ranking Analysis of all types of livelihood assets
Step 3. Identify capacity of the community Type of Capacity
Data to be collected (Indicators)
Influence on Adaptive Capacity
a. Physical capacity
Number of available family labor
More family labor higher capacity
b. Cognitive ability and linguistic capacity
Literacy rate
High literacy rate generally have high adaptive capacity
c.
Access to transportation
Lack of access to transportation decreases adaptive capacity
d. Communication system
Presence, effectiveness and efficiency of a communication system
Absence of an effective and efficient communication system reduces adaptive capacity
e. Degree of isolation
Location and access
Isolation decreases adaptive capacity
f.
Resource availability
Availability of support systems
g. Economic capacity
Presence of support systems (e.g. neighbors, community self help, family, NGOs, or service providers, agricultural support (shelter for livestock, rehabilitation support)
Availability of support services increases adaptive capacity
Income level
High income level increases adaptive capacity
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Diversity of income sources (to include onfarm sources of income)
Dependency on on-farm sources of income decreases adaptive capacity
Cost of adaptation
High cost of adaptation reduces adaptive capacity
h. Technological ability
Knowledge of technological adaptation
Lack of technological knowledge decreases adaptive capacity
i.
Availability of support systems
Presence of support systems (e.g. neighbors, community self help, family, NGOs, or service providers, agricultural support (shelter for livestock, rehabilitation support)
Availability of support services increases adaptive capacity
j.
Economic capacity
Income level
High income level increases adaptive capacity
k.
Technological ability
Knowledge of technological adaptation
Lack of technological knowledge decreases adaptive capacity
Step 4. Scoring and Indexing of Vulnerability Exposure Variable
Qualitative Measure
Type of hazards
Extreme hot temperatures Drought, extreme cold temperatures More frequent and stronger typhoons Heavier rains Landslide Flooding Frost (for Atok) Hailstorms (for Atok)
Seasonality
All season One season
Frequency of exposure to the hazards (number of times the hazard occurred in 10-year period)
0 1 2 3 4 5
None Very Rare Rare Moderate Frequent Very frequent
1-2x 3-4x 5-6x 7-8x 9-10x
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Duration (e.g. frost, hailstorms in Atok)
What are the impacts of the climate-related hazards?
How prevalent were the impacts? (how widespread in terms of area or people)
Magnitude of the damage (percent crop loss)
0 1 Very short 1 day 2 Short 2- 4 days 3 Moderate 5-10 days 4 Long 11-30 days 5 Very long > 30 days Destruction of dikes Shift in cropping season Crop yield loss Emergence of new species and outbreak of pests and weeds Damage to crops 0 None 1 Very minute 1-20% 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5
minute Moderate Extensive None Very Rare Rare Moderate Frequent Very frequent
21-40% 41-60% 61-80%
0 1
None Very minute
1-20%
2 3 4 5
minute Moderate Extensive Very extensive
21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
0
None
1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4
Very low Low Moderate High Very High None Very minute minute Moderate Extensive Very extensive None Very minute minute Moderate Extensive
1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
Sensitivity Areas with large number of livestock (percent of total agricultural area Areas devoted to aquaculture (percent of total agricultural area)
Age structure and dependency rate (percent old (>70 years old) and young (<=8 years old) community members including disabled Household income level (percent low income)
Sources of income (percent income from agriculture)
1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% 1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100% 1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80%
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General knowledge of the hazards (percent of population who are not knowledgeable)
Presence of early warning system (+)
Access to information (+)
Presence of adaptation measures (+)
5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Very extensive None Very minute minute Moderate Extensive Very extensive Without With very poor With, poor With, moderate With, good With, very good Without With very poor With, poor With, moderate With, good With, very good Without With very poor With, poor With, moderate With, good With, very good
81-100% 1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
Adaptive Capacity 0
None Very low availability Low availability Moderate availability High availability Very high availability
Availability of resources (e.g. transportation, communication facilities) (percent of population with available resources)
1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Presence, effectiveness and efficiency of a communication
0 1 2 3
Without With, very poor With, poor With, moderate
Number of available family labor
Literacy rate (percent of literates of the population)
Very low Low Moderate High Very high None Very low availability Low availability Moderate availability High availability Very high availability
1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
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system Isolated areas (poor accessibility) (percent of total agricultural area) Presence and accessibility of support systems (e.g. community self help (bayanihan), family, NGOs, or service providers, agricultural support (shelter for livestock, rehabilitation support)
Wealth level (percent of population who can afford to spend for adaptation cost)
Versatility of skills for income generation (percent of population with versatile skills for income generation) Knowledge of technological adaptation (including indigenous practices)
4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
With, good With, very good Very extensive Extensive Moderate Minute Very minute None Without With, very poor With, poor With, moderate With, good With, very good
81-100% 61-80% 41-60% 21-40% 1-20%
Very low Low Moderate High Very high
1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
Very low Low Moderate High Very high
1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
Very low Low Moderate High Very high
1-20% 21-40% 41-60% 61-80% 81-100%
To compute for the vulnerability index of each community, the formula below was used. The data derived from the table above were used to compute for the vulnerability index, then later each community were ranked for its level of vulnerability. Vulnerability Index (VI) = Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI) – Potential Impact Index (PII) ACI =
Total Adaptive Capacity Score (TACS) Total Maximum Adaptive Capacity Score (TMACS)
PII =
Total Exposure Score (TES) + Total Sensitivity Score (TSS) Total Max Exposure Score (TMES) + Total Max Sensitivity Score (TSS)
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For the interpretation of vulnerability index, the index value below was suggested to be used but this is still need to be subjected to further evaluation. Index Value
Qualitative Interpretation
0.80 - 1.00 0.50 - 0.70
Very highly resilient Highly resilient
0.20 - 0.40
Moderately resilient
-0.10 - 0.10
Vulnerable
-0.40 - -0.20
Moderately Vulnerable
-0.70 - -0.50
Highly vulnerable
-1.00 - -0.80
Very Highly vulnerable
To facilitate the VIA workshop/exercise of the participants, each group was provided with a copy of templates below to serve as their guide for output presentations.
Timeline and historical mapping of climatic events and observed impacts/damage Climate Related Hazards (e.g. drought, typhoon, flooding, landslide, or El Nino and La nina)
1995
Year of Occurrence
1996
1997
1998
Affected Group/Sector
1999
2000
Observed Impacts/Damage
2001
2002
â&#x20AC;Śâ&#x20AC;Ś
Observed climatic events Affected sector Extent of damage
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Provided is a sample cropping calendar with the existing climatic pattern and a projected climate change scenario in the next 10 to 50 years. Each group are requested to make their own cropping calendar similar to the figure below for them to identify which commodity would be vulnerable to climate change.
Cabbage
Potato, tomato, cabbage
Tomato, Potato
Beans, Tomato, Snap beans
Beans, Carrots
Jan
Feb
Mar
April
May
June
Jul
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
As for vulnerability rating, the table below served as their guide. Basically, however, the step by step guide only need to be converted into a table to fill-up then used it as template for evaluation. Variable
Indicators Brgy 1
Physical capacity
Number of available family labor
Cognitive ability and linguistic capacity Resource availability
Literacy rate
Communication system Degree of isolation
Presence, effectiveness and efficiency of a communication system Location and access
Availability of support systems
Economic capacity
l.
Technological ability
Rating Brgy 2
Brgy 3
Access to transportation
Presence of support systems (e.g. neighbors, community self help, family, NGOs, or service providers, agricultural support (shelter for livestock, rehabilitation support) Diversity of income sources (to include onfarm sources of income) Cost of adaptation Knowledge of technological adaptation
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m. Availability of support systems
n. Economic capacity o. Technological ability
Presence of support systems (e.g. neighbors, community self help, family, NGOs, or service providers, agricultural support (shelter for livestock, rehabilitation support) Income level Knowledge of technological adaptation
Summary table for scoring and ranking of vulnerability Barangay 1
Barangay 2
Barangay 3
Total exposure score Total Maximum exposure score Total sensitivity score Total Maximum sensitivity score Potential Impact Index Total Maximum adaptive capacity score Vulnerability index Interpretation Below are the sample outputs during the workshop. Each group able to identify which crop would be exposed to the brunt of climate related hazards, where are these located and who are the sectors or group that would be affected the most. Using the timeline and spot mapping, the groups able to identify which area need to be prioritize for adaptation measures. In this activity, however, participants need to be provided with location specific and downscaled projected climate change scenario. This will help participants appreciate more the activity, doing exercises not for exercise sake but something they can take home and utilize.
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Commodity Affected
Group of People affected
Where are they located
Rice
Rice Farmers
Amganad
Adaptation Strategies
•
IEC on climate change
•
Planting date rescheduling
•
Reforestation
•
Planting drought resistance variety
•
Mechanization of land preparation
•
Establishment of weather station
•
Alternative livelihood
Sample output for scoring and deriving vulnerability index of community.
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Sample output for deriving vulnerability map of community
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III
PRE- AND POST- TRAINING EVALUATION a) Level Awareness of participants on Climate Change Impacts and Vulnerability Assessment A pre- and post- evaluation on the level of knowledge of participants on climate change, vulnerability and impact assessment and adaptation using the same survey questionnaire (Appendix Questionnaire) was conducted to assess their level of knowledge on climate change. This was done based from the assumption that training on vulnerability and impact assessment will make sense only if they are aware of climate change and feel the needs for adaptation strategies to cope up with the impacts. Otherwise, this training activity would be simply academic exercise. The evaluation also aimed to assess whether the participantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; level of knowledge will increase after the activity. Pre- and post- training evaluations are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Results show that participants from Benguet has higher average level of knowledge or awareness and level of interest on climate change with averages ranging from 2.38 to 4.29 (1 being the lowest and 5 as highest) as compared with participants from Ifugao wherein average level of awareness range from 1.54 to 2.92. Most of the participants from Benguet noted that this was not the first time that they attended training related to climate change hence, the high level of awareness. In the case of Ifugao, majority of the participants claimed that this is the first time they attended training related on CC (details of results are shown Appendix Evaluation Sheet 1). As a result, after the training, participants from Ifugao show higher average improvement with an average rating ranging from 0.80 to 1.66 as compared with Benguet wherein average change in the level of awareness is an increase of about 0.27 to 0.89. It is hoped that this result could serve as an indication that participants were able to learn from this training and two objectives in conducting this training were met. Table 1. Summary of pre and post survey results on level of awareness on CC for participants from Benguet. Question Average Average Difference Pre Post (Improvement) training training evaluation evaluation 1 How do you rate your awareness of basic climate change concepts? 3.40 3.85 0.45 2
How do you rate your awareness of climate change indicators?
3.28
3.63
0.35
3
How do you rate your awareness of your contributions to climate change? How much do you know about Climate Change Impacts?
3.17 3.24
3.74 3.81
0.57 0.57
3.29
3.89
0.60
3.43
3.70
0.27
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4 5 6
How much do you know about Climate Change impacts in local community in your Area? How much do you know about Climate Change impacts in Agriculture in your Area?
7
How do you rate your understanding of climate change vulnerability?
8
11
How do you rate your awareness/skills of using vulnerability assessment tools? How do you rate your awareness/skills of using Impacts assessment tools? Rate your familiarity with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Rate your awareness of the film An Inconvenient Truth.
12 13
9 10
2.92
3.52
0.60
2.63
3.37
0.75
2.44
3.27
0.83
What is your level of personal interest in climate change?
2.38 2.52 4.29
3.26 3.12 4.04
0.88 0.60 -0.25
What is your level of awareness about local initiatives on climate change?
2.74
3.63
0.89
Table 2. Summary of pre and post survey results on level of awareness on CC for participants from Ifugao. Question Average Average Difference Pre Post (Improvement) training training evaluation evaluation 1 How do you rate your awareness of basic climate change concepts? 2.23 3.82 1.59 2 How do you rate your awareness of climate change indicators? 2.23 3.64 1.41 3 How do you rate your awareness of your contributions to climate change? 2.58 3.80 1.22 4 How much do you know about Climate Change Impacts? 2.85 4.00 1.15 5 How much do you know about Climate Change impacts in local community in your Area? 2.85 4.18 1.34 6 How much do you know about Climate Change impacts in Agriculture in your Area? 2.92 4.27 1.35 7 How do you rate your understanding of climate change vulnerability? 2.15 3.82 1.66 8 How do you rate your awareness/skills of using vulnerability assessment tools? 1.69 3.36 1.67 9 How do you rate your awareness/skills of using Impacts assessment tools? 1.92 3.55 1.62 10 Rate your familiarity with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1.54 3.00 1.46 11 Rate your awareness of the film An Inconvenient Truth. 1.31 2.64 1.33 12 What is your level of personal interest in climate change? 3.00 3.80 0.80 13 What is your level of awareness about local initiatives on climate change? 2.38 3.45 1.07
b. Training Course Evaluation At the end of the training, participants were requested to give their honest evaluation of the training course: including the topics, speakers, venue, program, food and accommodations using the attached evaluation sheet (Table 3). Participantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; evaluation of the coordination, topics, resource person and logistics was asked at the end of the training to assess the conduct of the training and to determine if the training objectives were attained.
Table 3. Evaluation form used after the training Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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Disagree
Not sure
Agree
Strongly agree
a. The objective(s) was/were stated very clearly. b. The objectives(s) was/were fully achieved. c. The topics are very relevant d. The topics covered are useful in your sector/community. e. The topics sufficiently added to my knowledge. f. The training workshop addressed the expectations of the participants on: i. Speakers ii. Topics iii. Co-Participants iv. Venue, Food and Accommodation v. Training staff g. The training-workshop is very useful for the community/agency.
Strongly disagree
Please encircle the value that best expresses your assessment of the training-workshop
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5
h. Do you feel the time allotted for each topic sufficient? □ Yes □No If your answer is no, how much time would you have allotted for each session? _____ i. Is the scope of the training course adequate? □ Yes □No If your answer is no, what are the topics that should be added to the training-workshop?
j. Please indicate you overall assessment of the training workshop.
k. Other comments and suggestions.
Results of evaluation below show that the objective of the training was fully achieved as well as met the participants’ expectations. From Benguet, evaluation results are shown in Table 4 below. From the questions above it can be observed that participants gave an overall high rating on the training conducted with average evaluation ranging from 3.96-4.77 (1 strongly disagree and 5 as strongly agree that expectations are met). In the case of Ifugao (Table 5), the rating is a little bit lower but still satisfactory with most of the average rating show that they agree that the training objectives are met with an average rating ranging from 3.89 to 4.45. For better picture of the overall evaluation of the participants on the training, comments and suggestions from the participants are enumerated below.
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Table 4. Summary of participants evaluation of the training conducted in Benguet. Participant Questions a b c d e f g h i. ii. iii. iv. v. 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 N 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 N 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 Y 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 N 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 Y 6 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 Y 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 Y 8 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Y 9 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 N 10 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 N 11 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Y 12 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 Y 13 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 N 14 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 Y 15 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 Y 16 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 5 Y 17 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 N 18 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 Y 19 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 5 N 20 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Y 21 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 Y 22 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Y 23 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Y 24 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 5 Y 25 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 Y 26 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 N 27 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 Y Ave. rating 4.15 3.96 4.48 4.48 4.44 4.35 4.33 4.08 4.19 4.33 4.77
i N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N Y
Table 5. Summary of participants evaluation of the training conducted in Ifugao. Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Questions a
b
c
d
e
4 4 4 5 4 4
4 4 3
4 4 4 5 5 4 4
4 4 4 4 5 4 5
4 4 4 5 5 4 5
4 4
i. 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
ii. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
f iii. 4 3 4 3 4 4 4
iv. 4 4 3 5 3 4 4
v. 4 4 4 5 4 4 4
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g
h
i
4 4 4
Y N Y Y Y Y Y
Y Y Y Y
5 4 5
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Y Y
8 9 10 11 Ave. rating
5 4 4 4 4.20
4 4 4 4 3.89
5 4 4 4 4.27
5 5 4 4 4.36
5 5 4 4 4.45
5 5 4 4 4.09
5 5 4 4 4.18
5 5 3 4 3.91
5 5 3 3 3.91
5 5 4 3 4.18
5 5 4 4 4.40
Y Y Y Y
For question h, the participants who answered that allotted time for each topic was insufficient, they suggested the following: From Benguet
Time allotment should depend on the topic 2 days 2 to 3 days In the presentation, it should have a time limit because other presentations are time consuming More time for vulnerability index per barangay, per hazard, so to identify the barangay most vulnerable per hazard 3 days Additional of 30 minutes 2.5 hours Half-day each From Ifugao
More time is needed for training like this and for some topics
For question i, participants suggested the following to be include in the training: From Benguet
Hands-on on GIS It needs further study/assessment to over-all assessment/scenarios based on biophysical, socio-economic surveys conducted More on orientational; “tools” should be allocated on time Statistics GIS Socio-economic impact assessment, tools and criteria
From Ifugao Hands-on training on GIS
On question j. Overall assessment of the training workshop From Benguet Proceedings of the Training of Trainors on VIA Tools for Agriculture Sector in Benguet and Ifugao
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Y Y N
Well-done, just lack of time Time was not enough. Topics are very important Time was not enough Words used should be simplified Very informative and engaging The training workshop is OK GREAT! The training is useful especially in the agriculture sector The training is useful for this endeavor (climate change related hazard and vulnerability assessment tools Very relevant This is a good start to come-up with over-all recommendation to LGUs capacity to adapt to climate change OK – speakers did their best – but could have also presented data gathered. Participants equally did their best Very good Great po. It will be a great use for the vulnerability assessment of our barangays, formally or informally OK Helpful to CC project assessment Not as a trainor’s training since most of the participants are still familiarizing themselves with basic concepts of CC Very relevant topics Excellent Informative and useful From Ifugao Topics were useful guide for future CC activities Target pax not met when wherein needed data from other pax were not completed Good Training was appropriate and timely to address future climate changes All of us participants learned a lot about climate change and the topics are very appropriate and important to us, especially to the farmers. The training workshop is so much useful to the community More trainings are needed Very good
k. Other comments and suggestions From Benguet
Handouts (for topics to be discussed) should be given before the lecture/discussion
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More participants representing other offices If possible, provide us hand-outs before the discussion for us to follow/understand clearly the topics Should be longer but on a staggered basis so that the speaker will explain the very important topics slowly for better understanding Provide individual participant with handouts of the lecture The speaker should provide a handout of their topics Should provide handouts We needed more training, evaluation If this is a trainors training, the participants should come from the municipal level and should include the municipal engineer and the social welfare Include political leaders since they approve funds for this matter Please invite us on upcoming related training on CCA It’s good to include other agencies and representative from the office of the provincial agriculturist because we work hand in hand in this endeavor The involvements of key stakeholders in trainings like this (DENR, MSWD, engineering, politics, leaders, etc.) Thanks and please consider sustainability of project i.e. vulnerable areas identified by community vis-à-vis pre-determined sites Provide at least some working books Hands-on training/computer on GIS program Eventually this will help or strengthen the LGUs in risk reduction The politician be given IEC through the directories if the DILG will finance projects Include other possible tools on vulnerability assessment It seems this lack coordination. Barangays should be well-represented This training should have been conducted before the implementation of the SPICACC (Outcome 3.1) Include us in the coming trainings From Ifugao Topics should be discussed with examples from local situations Strengthen coordination with targets LGUs with regards to the schedule Each topic should be conducted by different speakers It should be conducted per municipality so that our municipal and barangay officials and other concerned officers could join, especially those from far flung barangays. ATI to handle the food not the IFSU Some food that they served were not nutritious For the facilities, there should be a functional comfort room inside or near the training hall. Improvement on the training venue Increase in number of participants More trainings like this
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Appendices
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Appendix Table 1. Training Programme for Benguet Training of Trainors on Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Tools December 6-8, 2010 Benguet State University La Trinidad, Benguet DATE/TIME Day 1 –
TOPIC
Understanding Climate Change Science, Climate Change Scenario, Impacts Of Climate Change, Vulnerability And Impact Assessment Framework OPENING PROGRAM Registration Opening Ceremonies National Anthem Invocation Welcome/Opening remarks
8:00 – 9:00
Introduction of participants Training overview, expected outputs and evaluation methods 9:00-10:00
Climate Change Science
10:00-10:30
COFFEE BREAK AND PHOTO OPP
10:30-11:00
Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture
11:00-12:00 12:00 - 1:00
Secretariat Ms. Eunice Mendoza BSU President or Representative from BSU Ms. Eunice Mendoza Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O. Coladilla
LUNCH BREAK
1:00 - 2:00
Climate Change Impacts in Cordillera Region
2:00 – 3:00
FGD, KII and Formal Field Survey Outputs on CC Impacts in Benguet
3:00 – 3:15
COFFEE BREAK
3:15 – 5:00 Day 2 –
RESOURCE PERSON
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Framework
Dr. J.O.Coladilla Dr. Marissa Parao
Dr. J.O. Coladilla
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Methods/Tools
8:00-9:00
Proposed Community-Based Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Tool for the Agriculture Sector of Benguet
Dr. J.N.M. Garcia
9:00-10:00
FGD, KII and FFS as tools for socio-economic characterization and vulnerability assessment to climate change impacts
Prof. Ruth S. Batani
10:00 – 10:15
COFFEE BREAK
11:00 – 12:00
Updated Socio-economic and Bio-physical Characteristics of Benguet
12:00 – 1:00
LUNCH BREAK
1:00 - 3:00 3:00 -3:15
3:15 – 5:00
GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment to Impacts of Climate Change
Dr. M. R. Parao
Dr. J.N. Garcia
COFFEE BREAK Exercises on timeline, historical, spot mapping and other approaches
Participants Dr. J.O. Coladilla and Ms. Eunice Mendoza (workshop facilitator)
Day 3 - Conduct of Vulnerability and Impact Assessment 8:00-12:00
Guided Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Exercise and Output Presentation
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Appendix Table 2. Training Programme for Ifugao Training of Trainors on Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Tools November 10-12, 2010 Ifugao State University (IfSU) Nayon, Lamut, Ifugao DATE/TIME Day 1 –
TOPIC
Understanding Climate Change Science, Climate Change Scenario, Impacts Of Climate Change, Vulnerability And Impact Assessment Framework OPENING PROGRAM Registration Opening Ceremonies National Anthem Invocation Welcome/Opening remarks
8:00 – 9:00
Introduction of participants Training overview, expected outputs and evaluation methods 9:00-10:00
Climate Change Science
10:00-10:30
COFFEE BREAK AND PHOTO OPP
10:30-11:00
Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture
11:00-12:00 12:00 - 1:00
Climate Change Impacts in Cordillera Region
2:00 – 3:00
FGD, KII and Formal Field Survey Outputs on CC Impacts in Ifugao
3:00 – 3:15
COFFEE BREAK
3:15 – 5:00
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Framework
Proposed Community-Based Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Tool for the Agriculture Sector of Ifugao
9:00-10:00
FGD, KII and FFS as tools for socio-economic characterization and vulnerability assessment to climate change impacts
10:00 – 10:15
COFFEE BREAK
11:00 – 12:00
Updated Socio-economic and Bio-physical Characteristics of Ifugao
12:00 – 1:00
LUNCH BREAK
3:00 -3:15
3:15 – 5:00
Mr. Romnick Baliton IfSU President or Representative from IfSU Mr. Romnick Baliton Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O. Coladilla Dr. J.O.Coladilla Dr. A. Wagan
Dr. J.O. Coladilla
Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Methods/Tools
8:00-9:00
1:00 - 3:00
Secretariat
LUNCH BREAK
1:00 - 2:00
Day 2 –
RESOURCE PERSON
GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment to Impacts of Climate Change
Dr. J.N.M. Garcia IfSU SPICACC/ Mr. Romnick Baliton
IfSU-SPICACC
Mr. Dante Vergara
COFFEE BREAK Exercises on timeline, historical, spot mapping and other approaches
Participants Dr. J.O. Coladilla and Mr. Romnick Baliton (workshop facilitator)
Day 3 - Conduct of Vulnerability and Impact Assessment 8:00-12:00
Guided Vulnerability and Impact Assessment Exercise and Output Presentation
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Appendix Table 3 - List of Participants from Benguet
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
RAMON A. ANACIOCO Municipal Agricultural Officer Municipal Agricultural Office Sablan DOMELSON F. BALANGEN RA-GIS Lab Volunteer BSU domsecho@yahoo.com EUGENIO S. CALES Farmer Kayabang MPC 0930-5966556 NICASIO S. BAUCAS RPCMT Member DA-RFU-CAR nickbaucas@yahoo.com BERIONG K. AMCAY Brgy. Kagawad Paoay, Atok LORENZO C. ABUAN Farmer Municipal Agricultural Officer Sablan NICOMEDES L. CALIGING MPDC LGU Sablan, Benguet 0928-4712029 ncaliging@yahoo.com FRANCISCO S. BINAYON MAO LGU-Tuba 0909-5224641 ELIZA Y. DOMINGUEZ PO II Contact #: 444-8255 IMELDA L. GEMINO Sr. Agriculturist RPCMT Member DA-RFU-CAR (076) 443-4621/445-232 imeldagemino@yahoo.com
11
12
13
MANUEL M. KEW-AN Agricultural Technician Municipal Agricultural Officer Sablan BELEN N. SACLA RIC President LANAS-RIC Loo Buguias CAMELO A. LICLIKED Farmer Leader Buguias JERRENELIA N. SACLA RIC-Buguias
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
VICTORIA M. ANTONIO RIC-Buguias Contact #: 0919-7682292 LOLITA C. BEGANIO Agricultural Technologist OMAG-Atok LEPAGO SALDY MAFC Paoay Atok 0920-8231064 VALENTINO P. SMITH Brgy. Kagawad Paoay Atok FRED V. RUFINO MAO-Atok TERTE A. VICENTE Brgy. Kagawad-Katubo Contact #: 0909-9253032
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21
22
23
24
25
26
MARIA ISABEL B. ZABALA AO-RPCMT-CAR DA-RFU-CAR mabz888@gmail.com YOLANDA G. LINGBAWAN RPCMT Member DA RFU CAR 442-4399/443-4621 yudilingbawan@yahoo.com RUTH S. BATANI ISRD Benguet Stte University 422-1877 raxalruti@yahoo.com NOEL C. VILLA Agri II Asst. RPO-IPM DA-CAR 0917-5231811/300-5027 noelvilla@yahoo.com RONY V. CARLOS Agricultural Technologist LGU-Sablan rony_carlos@yahoo.com
HILARIA B. BADIVAL DA-CARFU hbb168@hotmail.com
27
28
29
30
31
32
MATYLINE A. CAMFILI ISRD Staff Benguet State University Email: mcamfili@yahoo.com PEDRINA A. ELIAS PEO I LGU-Atok 0920-3455810 JOEL S. PACIO Farmer/Brgy. Kagawad Atok, Benguet JONES T. NAPALDET Researcher ISRD Millvex_17@yahoo.com MARISSA PARAO SPICACC Study Leader CF, BSU (074)422 5305 paraomarissa@yahoo.com
LEON B. TANGUID Info System-GIS BSU Lbtanguid2004@yahoo.com
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Appendix Table 4 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; List of Participants from Ifugao
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rufino M. Gumuwang Agricultural Technologist Mayoyao Ronald D. Chug-e Agricultural Technologist LGU, Mayoyao Marivic Navan Agricultural Technologist LGU, Banaue Aida Paganaje Agricultural Technologist LGU, Banaue Myrna Liwongan OIC-LGU Banaue Paulo Pinigat Agricultural Technologist MLGU, Kiangan Romeo Bulahao LWG/Barangay Official Kiangan
9
10
11
12
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Maria B. Galeon Retired Teacher/Farmer Kiangan Anastacia D. Bahatan Agricultural Technologist Banaue Benita D. Bahni Farmer Leader Kiangan Adriana P. Buhong Agricultural Technologist LGU, Kiangan Yolanda T. Humiwat LWG (MA-Designate) Kiangan Mr. Jessie Cedro Farmer Leader LGU Banaue Mable Sawey Admin Aide SPICACC Project IFSU-Alfonso Lista
Henry B. Codamon LWG/ Barangay Captain Kiangan
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Appendix Topic1: Introduction
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Appendix Topic 2: Climate Change Science: Basic Meteorology and Climatology Concepts by
Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla Objectives At the end of this Chapter, participants should be able to: 1. Understand the basic science of climate change. 2. Assess their level of awareness with regards to the issues related to climate change Topical Outline
I. Introduction II. What is Climate Change and its Causes? III. Definition of Terms IV. Observational Evidences V. Climate Change Impacts VI. Summary VII. Concluding Remarks and Take Home Messages
Approaches One PowerPoint Presentation, questions and answers, brief exercise About the Topic Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla started her presentation with some pictures depicting the aftermath of different environmental conditions. Starting off from these, she then defined terms such as weather, climate, climate change, global warming, and greenhouse gases. Sources of greenhouse gases were identified as well as the consequences of its concentration in the atmosphere. After the lecture, she conducted a survey to assess the participantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; level of awareness regarding with the issues related to climate change.
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Appendix Topic 3: Climate Change Vulnerability Basic Concepts by
Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla Objectives
At the end of the chapter, the participants should be able to: 1. Articulate concepts of climate change vulnerability in the context of agriculture 2. Differentiate some methods and tools used for assessing vulnerabilities of local communities to climate change 3. Conduct a simple vulnerability assessment using a participatory method
Topical Outlines
I. Introduction II. Concepts of Vulnerability III. Methods and Tools for Assessing the Community Vulnerability to Climate Change IV. Some Examples of Conducting Community Vulnerability Assessment V. Concluding Remarks and Take Home Messages
Approach One PowerPoint Presentation, questions and answers
About the Topic Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla defined key terminologies of climate change such as Impacts, vulnerability, adaptation, mitigation, risk, hazards, shock, variability, trend, exposure, sensitivity, adaptive, and capacity. Also, the basic concepts of climate change vulnerability in the context of agriculture were described. The methods and tools used for assessing vulnerabilities of local communities to climate change were also differentiated for further understanding. Examples of how to conduct community vulnerability assessment were then identified. To finish the lecture, Dr. Coladilla gave take home messages that were helpful for the participants.
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Appendix Topic 4 Philippine Climate Change Scenarios and its Impacts to Agriculture by
Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla
Objectives
Topical Outline
1. To familiarize the participants with the basic concepts of Climate Change scenarios both in the international and national settings; and 2. To give the participants the implications of the Philippine climate change scenarios I. II. A. B. C. D. III. A. B. C. D. IV. V.
Definition of Terms Observed Changes in the Philippineâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Climate Increased in Temperature Observed Rainfall Trends Frequency and Intensity of Extreme Events Sea Level Rise Projected Climate Changes in the Philippines Projected Increase in Temperature Rainfall trends Frequency and Intensity of Extreme Events Sea Level Rise Implications to Agriculture Summary and Concluding Remarks
Approach One PowerPoint Presentation based on IPCC Assessment Report, One Case Study Presentation, questions and answers
About the Topic Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla introduced to the participants the different climate change scenarios and their consequences such as changes in temperature (changes in land surface temperature, changes in sea surface temperature), variation in rainfall, and ice melting and sea level rise. Climate change scenarios in both international and national settings were shown to familiarize the participants. The lecture focused more on the vulnerability of the Philippines to the impacts of climate change. Different key impacts were identified. Then, the implications of these impacts were discussed.
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Appendix Topc 5: Impacts Of Climate Change In Benguet And Ifugao
by:
UPLBFI-SPICACC Project Objective At the end of this chapter, the participants should be able to: 1. Determine the observed climate variability; 2. Identify the impacts of the observed climate variability; and 3. Determine the responses. Topical Outline I. Introduction II. Methods ď&#x201A;ˇ
Focused Group Discussion
ď&#x201A;ˇ
Key Informant Interview
III. Observed Climate Variability IV. Observed Impacts of Climate Variability V. Responses to the Observed Impacts of Climate Change VI. Summary and Key Messages Approach PowerPoint Presentation
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Appendix Topic 6: V&A Assessment Approaches, Framework, Tools and Methods: An Overview
by:
Dr. Jesusita O. Coladilla
Objective At the end of this chapter, the participants should be able to: 1. Familiarize and understand the different methods, tools and approaches in assessing the vulnerability of agriculture sector to climate change 2. Familiarize with some of the examples of Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment using the methods, tools and approaches presented 3. Conduct a simple exercise using the V&A Assessment methods, tools and approaches presented Topical Outline
I. Introduction II. Definition of Terms III. Watershed Approach for Assessing Vulnerability of Agriculture to Climate Change
Approach PowerPoint presentation based on FGD and KII results.
About the Topic An overview regarding the different vulnerability and adaptation assessment approaches, framework, tools, and methods was discussed. Different terms were defined for the participants to better understand the concepts. Examples were also given. A simple exercise about V and A assessment was answered by the participants to evaluate their learning about the matter.
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Appendix Topic 8: BENGUET WOMEN AND CLIMATE CHANGE
by:
Dr. Ruth S. Batani Objective
By the end of this chapter, the participants should be able to determine the effects of climate change to women, particularly with livelihood, health, and workload. Topical Outline I. Introduction II. Profile III. In Context with Climate Change IV. Care Economy V. Health and Well-being Risks VI. Conclusion Approach PowerPoint presentation
About the topic: Dr. Ruth S. Batani presented the results of the study they conducted regarding gender characteristics and climate change. Here, the effects of climate change to women with respect to livelihood, workload, and health.
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Appendix Topic 8: Biophysical Characterization and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Benguet: In Relations to Vulnerability and Adaptation Capacity Assessment
commissioned to
Benguet State University CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAM Objective At the end of this chapter, the participants should be able to: 1. Determine the biophysical characterization of Benguet Province; 2. Determine the socio-economic profiling of the respondents; and 3. Determine the coping and/or mitigating mechanisms employed by the communities to climate change. Topical Outline I. Introduction II. Methodology III. Biophysical Characterization IV. Some Climate Change Indicators V. Climate Related Hazards VI. Agriculture Approach PowerPoint Presentation About the Topic: Dr. Marissa Parao of BSU, discussed the results of the study conducted by SPICACCBSU group. The objectives, methodology, result, and recommendations were presented. The bio-physical characteristics of the study areas with respect to hydrometeorology, land use, slope, topography and past community hazards, and soil characterization were identified.
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Appendix Topic 9: FGD, KII and Formal Field Survey Outputs on Climate Change Impacts in Ifugao
by:
Mr. Romnick S. Baliton Objectives This will cover the results of FGD, KII and FFS conducted in Ifugao on Vulnerability assessment tools but will focus on identified impacts of Climate Change in Ifugao in general. This will serve as venue for validation of output with the community Topical Outline
I. Introduction II. Methodologies A. Focus Group Discussion B. Key Informant Interview C. Formal Field Survey III. Outputs of Impact Assessment in Ifugao IV. Take Home Messages
Approach One PowerPoint presentation on the results of FGD and KII on climate change impacts assessment in Ifugao. Questions and answers
About the Topic Mr. Romnick Baliton discussed and elaborated the different methodologies used in assessing the impact of climate change. These methodologies are focus group discussion (FGD), key informant interview (KII), and formal field survey (FFS). Also, the results of these assessments were presented.
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Appendix Topic 10: Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Tool of the Agricultural Sectors to Climate Change
by:
Dr. Jose Nestor M. Garcia Topical Outline: Objective At the end of this lesson, the participants should be able to: 1. Define and understand vulnerability and adaptive capacity; 2. Identify the steps in assessing vulnerability and adaptive capacity assessment; and 3. Assess their municipality using the steps. Topical Outline I. Introduction II. What is Climate Change III. Vulnerability to Climate Change IV. Adaptive Capacity V. Framework for Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment VI. Procedure in Assessing Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Assessment Approach PowerPoint Presentation, questions and answers, brief exercise
About the Topic: Dr. Jose Nestor Garcia discussed vulnerability to climate change and adaptive capacity. He discussed the framework in assessing the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of a given area. The steps of the procedure were discussed. After the discussion, the participants were given a group exercise.
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Appendix Topic 11: GIS Mapping as a Tool for Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of Agriculture Presented by:
Dr. Jose Nestor Garcia Objective At the end of this lesson, the participants should be able to: 1. Appreciate and understand the concepts and principles of GIS as tool for vulnerability and adaptation assessment in agriculture. 2. Understand the use of Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing (RS) and systems modeling as GIS allied in mapping. 3. Understand the data requirements for assessing the vulnerability of agriculture sector 4. Perform a simple GIS overlay procedure to generate insights on vulnerable population and resources Topical Outline
I. II.
Introduction to GIS as a technology and as a science GIS Allied Technologies A. Global Positioning System B. Remote Sensing C. Cartographic and Dynamic Systems Modeling III. GIS and its application to agriculture IV. Data, information and databases for vulnerability assessment V. Conducting a GIS Mapping: Some Examples VI. Summary and Conclusion
Approach PowerPoint presentation, question and answer and group exercise
About the Topic Dr. Nestor Garcia presented the materials prepared by Mr. Dante Vergara. He discussed first the GIS as a technology and a science. He identified the different GIS allied technologies. These are global positioning system, remote sensing, and cartographic and dynamic systems modeling. Then he related GIS and its use to agriculture. Data and information gathered were used in assessing the vulnerability of an area to climate change impacts.
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Appendix Evaluation: Pre and Post assessment form for the level of awareness of participants on CC. Name: ________________________________ Email address/es: _______________________________ Age: _________ Gender: ______ Academic background : High School ____________________ BS ____________________________ Postgraduate (if any) : MS/Diploma_____________________ PhD ____________________________ Position/Duty station: _________________________________ Length of Service in position: ________ Field/Sector specialization: ___________________________________________________ Other relevant affiliations: ______________________________________________________________ GENERAL 1)
How and when were you introduced to the issue of climate change? ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________
i.
Pre-training evaluation Results of the Participants’ Level of Knowledge and Awareness on Climate Change Results of pre-training evaluation below shows that participants have high level of climate change awareness and they gained it from several form of information dissemination e.g training, leaflets, seminars and others. GENERAL 1. How and when were you introduced to the issue of climate change?
2008 training During my post-graduate years, part of curriculum discussions A representative from BENECO lectured on the effects of global warming cuase by climate change in one of the sessions of the Liga ng mga Barangays (2009) During the league of local planning and development coordination of the Philippines. During consultation of MDRR with other NGO Information dissemination Information dissemination to our barangay Through the barangay and other association of farmers In an Information Dissemination 2010 Through information campaigns and seminars Through observations since 1960 up to the present Seminars and workshops
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I attended the seminar and workshop on climate change. I am one of the respondent environmentalists from BSU (2010) Forum, News In 2009, when included in RPCMT 2010 SPICACC workshop, 2010 UP Baguio Training, and NGO work/activities I read in the issue of awake magazine regarding global warming 2 years ago. And I attended several trainings/IEC on climate change conducted by SPICACC this year and a seminar conducted by PAGASA 3 years ago, through readings and news DRR/CCA with NEDA-CAR and SPICACC 2009, through mass media, for a, and seminars
The table below shows the consolidated rating of participants of their level of awareness on the climate change before the training (with 5 being the highest and 1 the lowest). Results shows that the average level of awareness on climate change and climate change issues is relatively high while their knowledge on vulnerability and vulnerability assessment tools is relatively low though not very low. Participant 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
4 4 3 4 4 4 5 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 5 3 3 4 3 2
2 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4
3 4 4 2 4 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 2 3 4
4 4 4 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 2 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 4
5 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4
6 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3
Question 7 8 3 3 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 2 1 3 2
9 3 3 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 3 4 3 2 3 1 2
10 4 1 2 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 2 2 1 1
11 3 4 1 4 3 3 4 3 2 1 3 3 4 3 1 1 5 5 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
12 4 5 3 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5
13 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 3
2. Do you have any plan to address the currently observed problems related to weather and climate? If yes, how? Design research or vulnerability/hazard mapping
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Yes, understanding better the concept of CWK and its application to climate change vulnerability adaptation tools, formulation, disseminating messages, implementation, policies, and laws formulation, basis, etc. Yes, reforestation of denuded/idle forest lands and private lands. Implementation of RA 9003 at municipal level down to barangay Yes, by information, education, communication to our constituents on the CCT Consult to government agencies Through concerted community efforts and information dissemination To transact all good measures regarding the climate change problems Waste management, reforestation, organic farming Advocate mainstreaming of programs/projects of DA to address climate change Yes, by educating the 4H Club, farmer groups, and some other stakeholders on the issue of climate change. The cause and effect, adaptation and mitigation measures that the stakeholder could contribute for the climate change issue Yes, DA-CAR is a co-implementer of SPICACC My farm activities are being adapted vis-à-vis climate change. To be a partner with all agencies, NGO, to address the problem
ii. Post-test Results of the Participants’ Level of Knowledge and Awareness on Climate Change GENERAL 1. How and when were you introduced to the issue of climate change?
Subject on undergrad 2nd year Information dissemination to our barangay During seminar about climate change To conduct meeting IEC conducted by BENECO during the meeting of the liga ng barangay in 2009 Seminar and information drive I was introduced on the issue of climate change through readings of magazine, moreover, during the series seminar conducted by SPICACC and under the AGRI-PINOY program of DA. Orientation seminars done by SPICACC and coordinated with SPICACC SPICACC Training Through seminars and others information related to climate change During the introduction of SPICACC project Seminar-workshop conducted in the province of Benguet and the DENRCAR, this CY 2010 2009- mass media, seminars Involvement SPICACC In 2006 – forums with NGO dev’t workers
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The table below shows the consolidated rating of participants of their level of awareness on the climate change after the training (with 5 being the highest and 1 the lowest). Results show that both the average level of awareness on climate change, climate change issues and their knowledge on vulnerability and vulnerability assessment tools has increased after the training. Participant 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
4 3 5 5 5 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 4
2 4 3 5 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4
3 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 5 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 5 4
4 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 4
5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 4 3 3 5 1 3 4 5 4
6 4 4 5 4 5 4 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 1 3 4 4 4
Question 7 8 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 2 3 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 3 3 5 5 4 4
9 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 3 2 4 1 1 3 5 4
10 4 3 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 2 4 3 4 4 3 3 5 3 2 2 4 2 3 3 4 4
11 4 3 4 4 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 1 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 4 1 3 3 5
12 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 5
13 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 5 5
2. Do you have any plan to address the currently observed problems related to weather and climate? If yes, how?
Yes, join in the initiative on climate change addressing activities and programs yes, implementation of RA 9003 identification of vulnerable areas inform/ awareness of the training sector regarding weather and climate yes, in order to give knowledge to our constituents implementation of RA 9003. identification of vulnerable areas and initiate adaptive measures to have a dialogue with leaders about mitigating measures to be acted upon or to be done yes, by continuing information education campaign to group of 4H club, farmers, and RIC. To promote organic agriculture in the locality
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to enforce the awareness of vulnerable regarding climate related to hazards, typhoons, drought, etc. yes, being a member of MPRDC will impact knowledge learned in this seminar yes, planting of resistant varieties and other recommended strategies learned yes, dissemination, mitigation, and adaptation practices yes, personally I will strengthen my activities on organic agriculture and promote, participate in activities related to environment – our ailing environment IEC involvement in activites through research and information education campaign work back to natural farming/organic farming technology and policy implementation use CWR in planning and management
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Photo Documentations
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Photo-documentation for Ifugao
Lectures and Workshops
Presentations
Sample Outputs from Ifugao
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Photo-documentation for Benguet
Registration and Lectures
Workshop and output presentation
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Workshop and output presentation
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