Decade of Commemorations Timeline

Amlíne Dheich mBliana na gCuimhneachán

Decade of Commemorations Timeline

Aithníonn an amlíne seo roinnt imeachtaí suntasacha a tharla go háitiúil, go náisiúnta agus go hidirnáisiúnta le linn ‘Dheich mBliana na gCuimhneachán’ 1912 – 1922

This timeline marks some significant local, national and international events of the ‘Decade of Commemorations’ 1912 – 1922

1912 28 Meán Fómhair Síníonn breis agus leathmhilliún fear agus bean Cúnant Uladh agus Forógra Uladh, mar agóid in aghaidh an tríú Bille Rialtas Dúchais

15 Aibreán Téann an Titanic go tóin poill agus faigheann breis agus 1,500 duine bás 18 Eanáir Baineann Robert Scott an Pol Theas amach ach faigheann sé amach gur shroich Amundsen an áit roimhe. Faigheann Scott agus ceathrar dá fhoireann bás 18 January Robert Scott arrives at the South Pole to find Amundsen has been there before him.

Scott and 4 of his team die

15 April The Titanic sinks with the loss of more than 1,500 lives

20 Aibreán Faigheann Bram Stoker, údar Dracula, bás i Londain 20 April Bram Stoker, author of Dracula, dies in London

14 Iúil Gnóthaíonn Ken McArthur ó Chontae Aontroma an maratón ar son na hAfraice Theas ag na Cluichí Oilimpeacha 1912 14 July Ken McArthur from Co Antrim wins the marathon in the 1912 Olympic Games, representing South Africa

28 September The Ulster Covenant and Ulster Declaration are signed by half a million men and women protesting against the 3rd Home Rule Bill

Meán Fómhair Ceaptar Éamon de Valera ina Ollamh le Matamaitic i gColáiste Mhá Nuad September Éamon de Valera appointed Professor of Mathematics at Maynooth College

Meán Fómhair Foilsítear Amhrán na bhFiann de chuid Pheadar Kearney agus Patrick Heeney, den chéad uair san iris BPÉ, Irish Freedom, amhrán a bheidh mar amhrán náisiúnta na hÉireann September Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney’s A Soldier’s Song, which will become the Irish national anthem, first published in the IRB journal Irish Freedom

1913

26 August The Great Lockout – more than 20,000 workers locked out from work as employers ban trade union membership

31 Eanáir Bunaítear Óglaigh Uladh 4 Márta Insealbhaítear Woodrow Wilson ina 28ú hUachtarán ar na SA 4 March Woodrow Wilson inaugurated as 28th US President

26 Lúnasa An Frithdhúnadh Mór – coinnítear breis agus 20,000 oibrí ón obair nuair a chuireann fostóirí cosc ar bhallraíocht i gceardchumann

31 January Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) established

7 Iúil Glactar leis an tríú Bille Rialtas Dúchais i dTeach na dTeachtaí 7 July 3rd Home Rule Bill passes the House of Commons

25 Samhain Bunaítear Óglaigh Náisiúnta na hÉireann mar fhreagra ar bhunú Óglaigh Uladh 11 Samhain Gearrtar pionós, dianobair ar feadh naoi mí, ar Mohandas Gandhi, tar éis dó agóidí a stiúradh i gcoinne dlíthe ciníocha san Afraic Theas 11 November Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to 9 months’ hard labour after leading protests against racial laws in South Africa

23 Samhain Bunaítear Arm Cathartha na hÉireann le hagóidí na n-oibrithe a chosaint ó na póilíní 23 November Irish Citizen Army, defending workers’ demonstrations from the police, established

25 November Irish National Volunteers founded in response to UVF

1914

18 Meán Fómhair Cuirtear an Bille Rialtas Dúchais ar an Leabhar Reachtanna le cur i ngníomh tar éis an chogaidh 18 September Home Rule Bill placed on the Statute Book for post-war implementation

2 Aibreán Bunaítear Cumann na mBan. Beidh ról lárnach acu in Éirí Amach 1916 agus i gCogadh na Saoirse 2 April Cumann na mBan founded. They are to be central to the 1916 Rising and the War of Independence

Meán Fómhair Teipeann ar an Ollamh le Ceol i Má Nuad, an tUrramach Heinrich Bewerunge, filleadh ar Éirinn as Köln de bharr an chogaidh

28 Meitheamh Feallmharaítear an tArd-Diúc Franz Ferdinand, briseann an Chéad Chogadh Domhanda amach mar thoradh 28 June Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, sparking the outbreak of the First World War

20 Meán Fómhair Tugann John Redmond gealltanas ina óráid ag an Droichead Adhmaid go ndéanfaidh Óglaigh na hÉireann seirbhís in áit ar bith, scoiltear an eagraíocht dá bharr 20 September John Redmond’s speech at Woodenbridge commits the Irish Volunteers to serve anywhere, leading to a split in the organisation

September Maynooth Professor of Music, Rev Heinrich Bewerunge, unable to return from Cologne to Ireland because of the war

1915

25 Aibreán Tosaíonn Feachtas Gallipoli – cuimhnítear ar an lá seo mar Lá ANZAC, a thugann aitheantas do thaismigh mhíleata na hAstráile agus na NuaShéalainne 25 April Gallipoli Campaign commences – remembered as ANZAC Day, marking Australia and New Zealand’s military casualties

7 Bealtaine Cuireann fomhuireán Gearmánach an Lusitania go tóin poill.

Faigheann 1,198 duine bás, an margaire ealaíne Éireannach, Sir Hugh Lane, ina measc 7 May Sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-boat. 1,198 people die including Irish art dealer, Sir Hugh Lane

29 Iúil Éiríonn Dúbhghlas de hÍde, Uachtarán Chonradh na Gaeilge, as, agus bíonn deacrachtaí ag an eagraíocht í féin a chur in oiriúint do chúrsaí polaitíochta atá ag athrú in Éirinn 29 July Douglas Hyde, President of Conradh na Gaeilge, resigns as the organisation struggles to adapt to the changing political landscape in Ireland

1 Lúnasa Tugann Pádraig Mac Piarais, óráid cois uaighe ag sochraid an fhínín, Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa 1 August Patrick Pearse delivers the graveside oration at the funeral of fenian, Jeremiah O’Donovan Rossa

21 Samhain Téann The Endurance, bád an taiscéalaí pholaigh, Sir Ernest Shackleton, go tóin poill ar thuras taiscéalaíochta chuig an bPol Theas 21 November The Endurance, boat of polar explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, sinks on expedition to the South Pole

1916 24 Aibreán Tosaíonn Éirí Amach na Cásca, éirí amach faoi airm i gcoinne riail na Breataine 24 April The Easter Rising, an armed uprising against British rule, commences

24 Aibreán Siúlann seacht n-óglach déag ó Mhaigh Nuad, faoi cheannas Dhomhnaill Uí Bhuachalla, chuig Sráid Uí Chonaill, le páirt a ghlacadh san Éirí Amach 24 April 17 Maynooth Volunteers, led by Domhnall Ua Buachalla, walk to O’Connell Street to join the Rising

Aibreán Scriostar na clóphlátaí den chéad eagrán d’Fhoclóir Gaedhilge-Béarla Uí Dhuinnín le linn an Éirí Amach agus cruthaítear an dara heagrán cáiliúil den fhoclóir dá bharr April Printing plates of 1st edition of Fr Patrick Dinneen’s Foclóir GaedhilgeBéarla (Irish-English dictionary) destroyed in a fire during the Rising, resulting in famous, larger 2nd edition

3 – 12 Bealtaine Cuirtear ceannairí an Éirí Amach chun báis 3 – 12 May Execution of Rising leaders

1 Iúil Tosaíonn Cath an Somme – an lá is measa i stair mhíleata na Breataine.

Fágadh 57,500 taismeach ina dhiaidh, 19,240 acu sin marbh 1 July Battle of the Somme begins – the worst day in British military history with 57,500 casualties, including 19,240 dead

25 Meán Fómhair Tugann William Butler Yeats Easter 1916 chun críche

25 September William Butler Yeats completes Easter 1916

1917 5 Feabhra Toghtar George Plunkett, athair Joseph Plunkett a bhí ar dhuine de cheannairí an Éirí Amach a cuireadh chun báis, ina Theachta Parlaiminte san fhothoghchán i Ros Comáin Thuaidh.

An chéad bhua parlaiminteach do Shinn Féin 5 February George Plunkett, father of executed Rising leader Joseph Plunkett, is elected MP in Roscommon North by-election in Sinn Féin’s first parliamentary victory

29 Bealtaine Tagann John F. Kennedy ar an saol, an 35ú hUachtarán ar na SA 29 May Birth of John F. Kennedy, 35th US President

19 Meitheamh Ag cruinniú i gColáiste Mhá Nuad, ainmnítear triúr easpag le freastal ar Chomhdháil na hÉireann. Teipeann ar an gcomhdháil ar deireadh réiteach a aimsiú ar cheist an fhéinrialaithe in Éirinn

25 Iúil An chéad suí de Chomhdháil na hÉireann, céim chun tosaigh maidir le heisiamh na sé chontae a chur i bhfeidhm 25 July First sitting of the Irish Convention where six-county exclusion moves towards a reality

19 June At a meeting at Maynooth College, 3 bishops nominated to attend the Irish Convention, which ultimately failed to resolve the issue of Irish self-governance

25 Deireadh Fómhair Toghtar Éamon de Valera ina Uachtarán ar Shinn Féin agus ar Óglaigh na hÉireann 25 October Éamon de Valera elected President of Sinn Féin and the Irish Volunteers

31 Iúil Maraítear Francis Ledwidge, an file as contae na Mí, i gcath gar do Ypres, sa Bheilg, in aois a naoi mbliana agus fiche 31 July Meath poet, Francis Ledwidge, killed in battle near Ypres, Belgium, aged 29

6 – 7 Samhain Tosaíonn an Réabhlóid Bhoilséiveach 6 – 7 November Bolshevik Revolution begins

1918 Feabhra Faigheann thart ar 22 milliún duine bás san Eoraip mar thoradh ar an bhfliú paindéime February Outbreak of influenza pandemic in Europe, almost 22 million people die

6 Feabhra Bronntar an ceart ar mhná os cionn 30 bliain d’aois agus ar fhir os cionn fiche a haon bliain d’aois vóta a chaitheamh in Éirinn agus sa Ríocht Aontaithe 6 February Women over 30 and men over 21 granted the right to vote in Ireland and the UK

29 Márta Bunaítear Misean Mhá Nuad chun na Síne go canónta mar Chumann Naomh Columbán. Imíonn an chéad ghrúpa de 20 misinéir chun na Síne i mí an Mhárta 1920 29 March The Maynooth Mission to China canonically established as the Society of St Columban.

The first group of 20 missionaries set out for China in March 1920

18 Aibreán Buaileann Easpaig na hÉireann, ag a gcomhghairm bhliantúil i Má Nuad, le toscaireacht a dhéanann ionadaíocht ar na dearcthaí náisiúnacha éagsúla, agus aontaítear tacú le comhaontú i gcoinne an choinscríofa ar glacadh leis níos luaithe an lá sin ag Comhdháil Theach an Ardmhéara, Baile Átha Cliath 18 April Bishops of Ireland, at their annual convocation in Maynooth, meet a delegation representing all shades of nationalist opinion, and agree to lend their support to the anti-conscription pledge adopted earlier that day at the Mansion House Conference, Dublin

21 Aibreán Síníonn na céadta míle ar fud na hÉireann comhaontú i gcoinne an choinscríofa 21 April Anti-conscription pledge signed by hundreds of thousands across Ireland

11 Samhain Síníonn na Gearmánaigh agus na Comhghuaillithe sos cogaidh agus tagann deireadh leis an troid sa Chéad Chogadh Domhanda 11 November Armistice signed between Germans and Allies, ending fighting in the First World War

14 – 28 Nollaig Baineann Sinn Féin ollbhua amach san Olltoghchán. Toghtar Constance de Markievicz, an chéad Teachta Parlaiminte baineann a toghadh 14 – 28 December Landslide victory for Sinn Féin in General Election. Constance de Markievicz elected first woman MP

1919 21 Eanáir Tagann Dáil Éireann le chéile den chéad uair i dTeach an Ardmhéara i mBaile Átha Cliath 21 January First meeting of Dáil Éireann in Dublin’s Mansion House

21 Eanáir Tosaíonn Cogadh na Saoirse in Éirinn 21 January War of Independence begins in Ireland

14 – 25 Aibreán Eagraíonn Sóivéid Luimnigh, sóivéid fhéinfógartha a dhéanann léirsiú in aghaidh Arm na Breataine, ollstailc agus eisíonn sí a hairgeadra féin 14 – 25 April The Limerick Soviet, a selfdeclared soviet protesting against the British Army,

organises a general strike and issues its own currency

28 Meitheamh Sínítear Conradh Versailles, an príomhchonradh síochána a chuireann deireadh oifigiúil leis an gCéad Chogadh Domhanda 28 June Treaty of Versailles, the principal peace treaty that officially ends the First World War, is signed

28 Meán Fómhair Éiríonn le Cill Dara Craobhchomórtas Sinsear na hÉireann sa Pheil a bhuachan: Cill Dara 2-5, Gaillimh 0-1 28 September Kildare win All-Ireland Senior Football Championship: Kildare 2-5, Galway 0-1

1920 Aibreán Tréigtear rásaí capall Bhaile Phúinse mar gheall ar bhagairtí ó ghníomhaithe Shinn Féin agus ón IRA 10 Eanáir Bunaítear Conradh na Náisiún i bPáras 10 January Inauguration of the League of Nations in Paris

April Punchestown race meeting abandoned following threats from Sinn Féin activists and the IRA

9 Samhain Foilsítear Women in Love de chuid D.H. Lawrence, bíonn uafás ar an bpobal faoi 9 November D.H. Lawrence’s Women in Love is published, causing outrage

21 Márta Faigheann an tAthair Peadar Ó Laoghaire bás. Sagart, scríbhneoir agus gníomhaí ar son na Gaeilge a bhí ann 21 March Priest, writer and Irish language activist, Fr Peadar Ó Laoghaire, dies

1 Samhain Cuirtear an mac léinn Kevin Barry, poblachtach, chun báis, agus é ocht mbliana déag d’aois

1 November Execution of student Kevin Barry, republican, aged 18

21 Samhain ‘Domhnach na Fola’ – Maraíonn fórsaí na Breataine ceithre shibhialtach déag ag cluiche CLG i bPáirc an Chrócaigh mar dhíoltas as an gceithre ‘spiaire’ dhéag de chuid na Breataine a d’fheallmharaigh an tIRA 21 November ‘Bloody Sunday’ – 14 civilians at Croke Park GAA match killed by British forces, in reprisal for the IRA’s earlier assassination of 14 British ‘spies’

23 Nollaig Cruthaíonn an tAcht um Rialú na hÉireann, 1920 dhá dhlínse éagsúla ar an oileán 23 December Government of Ireland Act, 1920 creates two jurisdictions on the island

1921 21 Feabhra Gortaítear an Sáirsint Hughes, Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann, go marfach i luíochán IRA lasmuigh de Shéipéal Mhuire, Maigh Nuad

6 Nollaig Sínítear an Conradh Angla-Éireannach

21 February RIC Sergeant Hughes fatally wounded in an IRA ambush outside St Mary’s Church, Maynooth

7 Meitheamh Suíonn Parlaimint Thuaisceart Éireann den chéad uair 7 June First sitting of the Parliament of Northern Ireland

6 December Signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty

27 Aibreán Forógraíonn an Coimisiún Cúitimh, i gcomhréir le Conradh Versailles, go n-íocfaidh an Ghearmáin £6.6 billiún i 42 tráthchuid bhliantúil 27 April The Reparations Commission, under the Treaty of Versailles, decrees that Germany must pay £6.6 billion in 42 annual instalments

10 Nollaig Bronntar Duais Nobel na Fisice ar Albert Einstein 10 December Albert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in Physics

1922 22 Lúnasa Feallmharaítear Michael Collins, agus é tríocha a haon bliain d’aois, i luíochán ag Béal na Blá

2 Feabhra Foilsítear Ulysses de chuid James Joyce i bPáras 7 Eanáir Daingníonn Dáil Éireann an Conradh Angla-Éireannach, caitear 64 vóta ar a shon agus 57 vóta ina choinne 7 January Dáil Éireann ratifies Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64 votes to 57

2 February James Joyce’s Ulysses is published in Paris

2 Feabhra Faigheann Maurice FitzGerald, an séú Diúc Laighean, bás i ngealtlann i nDún Éideann, agus é tríocha a ceathair bliain d’aois. Glacann an t-amhantraí Sasanach, Henry Mallaby Deeley, seilbh ar Theach Chartún 2 February Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster, dies in Edinburgh asylum, aged 34. Carton House is taken over by English speculator, Henry Mallaby Deeley

30 Meitheamh Scriosann an tArm Náisiúnta na Ceithre Cúirteanna i mBaile Átha Cliath, tá stór de chartlanna náisiúnta i measc an ábhair a scriostar 30 June The Four Courts in Dublin, including the repository of national archives, is destroyed by the National Army

22 August Michael Collins, aged 31, is assassinated in an ambush at Béal na Blá

6 Nollaig Bunaítear Saorstát Éireann go foirmiúil agus bronnann Bunreacht na hÉireann cothromaíocht sa dlí gan aon idirdhealú ar bhonn inscne 6 December The Free State of Ireland is formally established and the Constitution of Ireland confers equality in the law without distinction of sex

Lean le do thuras chuig Deich mBliana na gCuimhneachรกn in OMN:

Continue your path to the MU Decade of Commemorations: www.maynoothuniversity.ie/commemorations @MUCommemoration @MUCommemoration