[Title will be auto-generated] by Maurizio Vurro

Program & Abstracts

I would like to extend a warm welcome to speakers, sponsors and delegates participating in this important event: the 4th International Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium. This industry is developing in response to widespread demand for safer, eco-friendly products. Researchers are creating bio-based solutions as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Many of these technologies would also fulfill the requirements for organic farms to replace some of the less than eco-friendly products currently used in organic systems. The solutions you will hear about over the next four days are varied and always innovative. These products offer performance with less risk to humans, animals, beneficial insects, and the environment. Some use fungi, bacteria or viruses as active ingredients that can be targeted to a specific pest, whether a weed, a plant disease, or an insect. Others are plantderived volatiles that do their job of controlling disease and then quickly break down in the soil, without risk to the atmosphere or waterways. Others, like protein-derived inoculants, encourage defense responses in plants so they can fight their own battles. As well as environmental benefits, this industry opens new markets for producers and holds promise for business. A number of our presenters will be discussing the commercialization process, the regulations surrounding the industry and the economics of these new products. Saskatchewan is emerging as a major player in this industry. Our agricultural land is well-suited to crops such as brassicas that can be developed as feedstocks for biopesticides and biofumigants; a strong cluster is developing in Saskatoon that encourages collaborative research; and a business-friendly environment and commercialization support makes it a good place for bio-based business. Thanks to new biotechnology tools and the creativity of our researchers, pest control for agriculture is on the verge of a renaissance. It seems we have only scratched the surface of the potential in this new industry. As the host organization, Ag-West Bio hopes that you find value in this symposium, new ideas and make new connections. If you have come from away I hope you enjoy your time in Saskatoon!

Wilf Keller President & CEO Ag-West Bio

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

PROGRAM

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 2011 5:00pm - 9:00pm

Welcome Reception Registration Open

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 19, 2011 7:30am - 5:00pm

Registration Open

3:15pm - 5:00pm

Poster Set Up

8:00am - 8:30am

Opening Remarks Mike Cey Jay Robinson

Chair: Mike Cey

Opening Plenaries

8:30am - 9:00am

Biofumigation - Current Climate Frank Sances Founder and Research Director - Pacific Ag Research Inc., San Luis Obispo, California, USA

9:00am - 9:30am

Economics of Biopesticides Eddie Mupondwa Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

9:30am - 10:00am

BREAK

Chair: Vladimir Vujanovic

Discovery of New Biologically Based Pest Control Products

10:00am - 10:30am

BioInnovation Chain: An Overview from Start to Finish of Biological Product Development Sue Boyetchko Agriculture & Agri-food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

10:30am - 11:00am

Industry View of Biopesticide Discovery Process Pamela Marrone CEO and Founder, Marrone Bio Innovations Inc., Davis, California, USA

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

PROGRAM

Chair: Vladimir Vujanovic

What’s New in Soilborne Pest Research Using Biopesticides and Biofumigants?

11:00pm - 11:20am

New Turfgrass Bionematicides William Crow Associate Professor of Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA

11:20am - Noon

Efficacy in the Laboratory and Field: Mustard Meal to MUSTGRO™ Janice Elmhirst Elmhirst Diagnostics & Research, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada

Noon - 1:00pm

LUNCH

Chair: Mary Leggett

What’s New in Soilborne Pest Research Using Biopesticides and Biofumigants?

1:00pm - 1:20pm

Gregg Robideau - Canada

1:20pm - 1:40pm

Karen Bailey - Canada

1:40pm - 2:00pm

Luca Lazzeri - Italy

2:00pm - 2:20pm

Allen Xue - Canada

2:20pm - 2:40pm

Charles Johnson- United States

2:40pm - 3:00pm

Vincent Michel - Switzerland

3:00pm - 3:40pm

BREAK

3:40pm - 4:00pm

Neil Kruger - South Africa

4:00pm - 4:20pm

Alessandro Infantino - Italy

4:20pm - 4:40pm

Maria Báez - Mexico

4:40pm - 5:00pm

Louise Nelson - Canada

5:15pm - 9:00pm

POSTERS/NETWORKING RECEPTION

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

PROGRAM

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 20, 2011 7:30am - 5:00pm

Registration Open

Chair: Erin Rosskopf

Alternatives to Methyl Bromide - Is There a Role for Biologically-Based Systems?

8:00am - 8:30am

Yaacov Katan - Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel

8:30am - 8:50am

Andrea Minuto - Italy

8:50am - 9:10am

Steven Fennimore - Extension Specialist and Weed Scientist, University of California, Salinas, California, USA

9:10am - 9:30am

Erin Rosskopf - Research Microbiologist, United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDSA. ARS, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA

9:30am - 10:00am

Discussion

10:00am - 10:40am

BREAK

Chair: Valerie Hodge

Regulation of Biofumigants and Biopesticides Around the World

10:40am - 11:10am

Valerie Hodge - Section Head, Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

11:10am - 11:40am

Daniel Bechtel - PRTox Consulting Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

11:40am - Noon

Discussion

Noon - 1:30pm

LUNCH

Chair: John Kirkegaard

Biofumigation: Improving Quality for Enhanced Efficacy

1:30pm - 1:50pm

Michaela Schlatholter - Germany

1:50pm - 2:10pm

Dale Gies - United States

2:10pm - 2:30pm

Ian Porter - Australia

2:30pm - 2:50pm

Discussion

2:50pm - 3:30pm

BREAK

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

PROGRAM

Chair: Brad Bly

Industry-Academia Partnerships Workshop: Overview of the Challenges in Commercializing Biological Products

3:30pm - 5:15pm

Commercializing Challenges of Taking Research to the Marketplace: A Commercial Reality Check Tim Johnson - Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., Danville, Pennsylvania, USA Case Study Panelists: Tim Johnson, Marrone Bio Innovations Inc. Jay Robinson, MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Carl Lynn, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Valerie Hodge, Pest Management Regulatory Agency Mogens Wümpelmann – Novozymes, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Alec Roberts, Plant Solutions Ltd., United Kingdom Industry-Academia Partnerships Workshop – Case Studies Case Study #1: Russell Hynes - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon - Bioinsecticide Case Study #2: Steven Fennimore – Extension Specialist and Weed Scientist, University of California, Davis, California, USA – Biosanitation

5:15pm - 9:00pm

POSTER/NETWORKING RECEPTION

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

PROGRAM

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21, 2011 7:30am - 1:30pm

Registration Open

Chair: Jay Robinson

Industry Showcase: Research that Leads to Commercial Products by Industry Welcome to Industry Jay Robinson

8:20am - 8:40am

Novozymes Biologicals, Inc. Jarrod Leland

8:40am - 9:00am

MPT Mustard Products and Technologies Paul Schorn

9:00am - 9:20am

Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Stuart Falk

9:20am - 9:40am

AgraQuest, Inc. Denise Manker

9:40am - 10:00am

Agrium Italia S.p.A. Giampiero Patalano

10:00am - 10:20am

HeadsUp Plant Protectants Inc. Joe Dutcheshen

10:20am - 11:00am

BREAK

Chair: Sue Boyetchko

Closing Plenary and Final Discussion

11:00am - 11:45am

Social Aspects of Biopesticides Élisabeth Gauthier Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada

11:45am - 12:15pm

Closing Remarks

12:15pm - 1:30pm

LUNCH - ON YOUR OWN

1:30pm - 4:30pm

TOURS

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

OPENING PLENARY

WEDNESDAY, 8:30am - 9:00am

Biofumigants and biopesticides in high value cropping systems Dr. Frank Sances: For over 30 years, Dr. Frank Sances has worked as an independent researcher with new products in high value crops in Coastal California and Florida. Dr. Sances’ career began with a B.Sc. in Agricultural Biology, with specialization in Pest Management, from California Polytechnic University, Pomona. He then went onto graduate studies, where at the age of just 24, received his M.Sc. and PhD in Entomology and Plant Physiology from the University of California, Riverside. That same year, he left academics and formed Pacific Ag Research, Inc., which continues today as one of the largest Contract Research Organizations globally.

Frank Sances Pacific Ag Group San Luis Obispo, CA, United States

Headquartered in San Luis Obispo, California, Pacific Ag conducts R&D projects throughout North and South America for new product manufacturers, grower cooperatives, and government. In 2007, Dr. Sances expanded into the eastern US through the Florida Ag Research division of the company. Currently Pacific Ag operates six research centers in the Western US, and two in Florida, where the staff help sponsors develop new methods of soil disinfestation, foliar pest controls, alternative herbicides, new genetics, and novel designs in agricultural equipment. In addition to his scientific endeavors, Dr. Sances also farms organic strawberries, blueberries and wine grapes, and in 2007, established a winery for enology research and production of California Coastal varietals.

Dr. Sances is a member of numerous scientific organizations and is a recipient of the Ozone Layer Protection Award from the Obama administration for his work with alternative soil fumigants. This past year he won 10 Medals for his wines in competitions from Napa south to the Central California Coast. Dr. Sances currently lives in Tampa, Florida, where he manages the company’s global activities, and oversees the developing Eastern US R&D program from the Caribbean north to the Great Lakes growing regions. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 9:00am - 9:30am

OPENING PLENARY

Economics of biopesticides Dr. Edmund Mupondwa is a research scientist and theme leader, Bioproducts and Bioprocesses, National Science Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, based at Saskatoon Research Centre. He has a multidisciplinary academic background including a Master’s degree from the University of Manchester, England; PhD from the University of Manitoba, Canada; and a recent MBA (specializing in biotechnology management) from the Edwards School of Business, University of Saskatchewan, Canada. He provides leadership in a number of areas, including quantitative methods and optimization, techno-economic and economic engineering analysis of innovative bioproducts and bioprocess technologies for extraction, separation, and purification of value added products for human health, agri-food, and industrial applications. His current projects include: Techno-economics and scale up of protein production platforms and fractionation technologies for biopharmaceutical, functional, agri-food, and industrial applications; Optimization of lignocellulosic feedstock logistics for Canada’s lignocellulosic biorefinery concept; Techno-economics of microbial agents for Edmund Mupondwa biopesticide development and biological control; Life cycle assessment and sustainability of bioAgriculture & Agri-Food based technologies and systems. Dr. Mupondwa is also involved in training scientists and students, Canada, and is affiliated with the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Saskatoon Research Centre University of Saskatchewan. Dr. Mupondwa has led successful programs in research, strategic Saskatoon, SK, Canada planning, partnership, intellectual property valuation and technology transfer. He has extensive international experience in Africa, Europe, and North America. He is also an active community volunteer and a gifted pianist/guitarist/composer/singer that uses his talent to organize benefit concerts in support of numerous national and international charitable organizations. He is also a skilled soccer player and certified volunteer premier youth soccer coach, Saskatchewan Soccer Association. Abstract: Economics of biopesticides Over the last four decades, there has been significant scientific research (R&D) into the development of biopesticides, which include macrobials, microbials, and biorationals. In terms of commercialization, microbial biopesticides provide an interesting insight into the evolution of the biopesticides sector. As a business proposition, microbial biopesticides, which include bacteria, fungi, or viruses as active ingredients, can be targeted at various segments in the weed, plant disease, and insect pest control markets. Their potential for wide industrial adoption is enabled by growing concerns regarding synthetic chemical pesticides vis-à-vis pesticide residues, human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and chemical pesticide resistance after many years of application. Biopesticides on the other hand are generally considered to have more advantages including pest specific mode of action, or high level of safety for nontarget organisms and the environment, biodegradability, and lack of mammalian toxicity. In terms of product development costs, biopesticides generally have a shorter development time due to a simpler series of toxicological testing and data requirements than necessary for most synthetic pesticides (under what some regulatory agencies refer to as “regulatory streamlining for reduced-risk pesticides” e.g. EPA, PMRA). Hence, biopesticides R&D and its significance continues to evolve at a time of new re-orientation in the pest protection industry. The success of biopesticides R&D is quite evident from the relatively large accumulation of intellectual property, in particular patents, related to microbials that have efficacy against various weed, plant disease, or insect pests, with potential agricultural, forestry, household, and industrial applications. In spite of these advantages, microbial pesticides have continued to represent only 1% of the multi-billion dollar global pesticides industry. And even within this 1%, over 90% of biopesticides sales are based on products derived from a single insecticidal bacterium species, Bacillus thuringiensis. This presentation will discuss in detail fundamental techno-economic factors that have constrained the development of viable and competitive biopesticides value-chains and business cases. The presentation will also explore alternative business paradigms that would support viable biopesticides business value propositions.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

WEDNESDAY, 10:00am - 10:30am

Bioinnovation chain: An overview from start to finish of biological product development

Susan Boyetchko Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Dr. Susan Boyetchko completed her M.Sc. and PhD in Plant Pathology in the Department of Plant Science at the University of Alberta (Edmonton, AB) where she worked on mycorrhizal fungi for biological control of barley common root rot disease. In 1991, Dr. Boyetchko began working at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) in Regina as a Post-Doctoral Fellow on an NSERC Visiting Fellowship, investigating the potential use of soil bacteria for biological control of grassy weeds. Currently, she works at the Saskatoon Research Centre and continues her research on screening and evaluating bacterial and fungal candidates for biological control of grass weeds such as wild oat and green foxtail, developing granular formulations and methods of fermentation, and investigating modes of action. She has published numerous book chapters and Canadian and U.S. patents issued on the technology. She has additional collaborations with university and government researchers evaluating bacterial agents for biological control against a variety of plant pathogens including sclerotinia stem rot of canola, potato late blight and clubroot of canola. Susan Boyetchko leads an AAFC National Study on Biopesticides. She also holds a position as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Food and BioProduct Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan and is Past President of the Canadian Weed Science Society.

Bioinnovation chain: An overview from start to finish of biological product development Investment in biopesticide research in Canada has progressed during the last 35 years, with a significant number of products registered since 2000. Greater demand by the public for safer foods and the environment and recent government legislation have spurred the development of reduced risk pest control products and renewed further interest in biopesticides. While the synthetic pesticide market has decreased by 12% over the last five years, demand for biopesticides is expected to exceed $1 Billion in sales by 2010. Scientists at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) conducting research on biopesticides for weeds, insect pests and plant diseases have adopted a strategy for biopesticide discovery and development. This strategy focuses on building research expertise, capacity, and critical mass and establishing science technology clusters by creating partnerships with academia and industry. The objectives are to carry out coordinated research efforts in disciplines of entomology, plant pathology, and weed science, with fundamental knowledge and experience required in biology, physiology, microbiology, postharvest physiology, ecology, biosystematics, chemistry, genomics, molecular biology, and economics (market research). Working as a cohesive, multidisciplinary team, we take advantage of our collective expertise and utilize our AAFC federal lab infrastructure, while building partnerships with other government scientists, universities, and industry to develop products following a biopesticide innovation chain. Critical to the success is the development of platform technologies relevant to all facets of biopesticide research that include fermentation, formulation, application technology, and molecular biology. This interdisciplinary, collaborative approach is the basis for adoption of biopesticides into intregrated pest management systems. This presentation will discuss in detail this AAFC R&D model that is unique and an excellent strategy for delivery of new biopesticide products, from discovery to industry development for commercialization and adoption. It is anticipated that this model can be applied to other areas for bioproduct and biofumigation research. Susan M. Boyetchko1 and Antonet M. Svircev2, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1Saskatoon, SK and 2Vineland, ON

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 10:30am - 11:00am

SPEAKER

Industry view of the Biopesticide Discovery Process Dr. Pamela Marrone is CEO/Founder of Marrone Bio Innovations (MBI), founded in 2006 to discover and develop effective and environmentally responsible natural products for pest, weed and plant disease management. MBI has two products on the market with five more waiting EPA approval. Dr. Marrone was awarded the 2011 NRDC’s Growing Green Award in “Business Leader” category. Regalia® Biofungicide was recently named “Best New Biofungicide” by Agrow, the leading news organization for the crop protection industry. In 2009, MBI received the Governor’s Environmental and Economic Leadership Award in 2008 and a California Department of Pesticide Regulation IPM Innovator award and was named to the Investors Circle ‘Top 20’ as a top achiever in financial, social, and environmental success, and the Artemis Top 50 water technology companies in 2010 and 2011. Dr. Marrone founded AgraQuest in 1995 serving as CEO, Chairman and President until March 2006. At AgraQuest, she raised $60 million in venture capital and commercialized seven biopesticides. She Pamela Marrone received the Presidential Green Chemistry Award for small business in 2003 and Red Herring Marrone Bio Innovations Inc. magazine’s Top 100 private Company Award and the World Technology Award for the Environment Davis, CA, United States in 2004. She was founding president and business unit head for Entotech, Inc. (sold to Abbott in 1995). At Monsanto, she led the Insect Biology group, which was involved in pioneering projects to replace chemical pesticides. She is an alumna of CORO Foundation's intensive "Women in Leadership" program, serves on the Boards of the Association of Applied IPM Ecologists the Organic Farming Research Foundation and on the California Dept. of Pesticide Regulation’s Pest Management Advisory Committee, which advises the Director on ag and urban IPM. She is Founder of the Biopesticide Industry Alliance a member of the UC Davis Ag & Environmental Sciences Dean's Advisory Council. In 2001, she was named Sacramento Chamber's Businesswoman of the Year and Cornell University's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Distinguished Alumni Award Recipient. In 2003 she received UC Davis’ College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Alumni Award of Distinction. Her peers elected her as a Fellow of AAAS (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science). She has a B.Sc. from Cornell University and a PhD from North Carolina State University, both in entomology. Abstract: Industry view of the Biopesticide Discovery Process More than 50% of human pharmaceuticals are derived from natural products from microorganisms and plants, while only 11% of pesticides are derived from natural products. Only a fraction of the microorganisms on earth have been discovered and characterized. Therefore, there is still significant opportunity for discovery of new biopesticides based on microorganisms and plant extracts. For our microbial natural product screening, we isolate and screen naturally occurring microorganisms to identify those that may have novel, effective and safe pest management characteristics. We then employ natural product chemistry to analyze and characterize the compound structures of selected microorganisms to identify product candidates for further development and commercialization. We optimize the pesticidal natural product compounds during fermentation of the microorganism, and develop analytical methods to these compounds. We screen bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes against weeds, insects, nematodes and plant pathogens. What is the role of industry versus public institutions in discovery of new biopesticides? What still needs to be done to discover biopesticides that can compete or replace with chemical pesticides in IPM programs? Why aren't more companies undertaking the discovery process? Pamela G. Marrone, Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., 2121 Second St, B-107 , Davis, CA 95616 - Tel: 1-530-750-2800 (office/lab) pmarrone@marronebio.com

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 11:00am - 11:20am

SPEAKER

New turfgrass bionematicides for the southeastern United States Dr. William Crow: As the Landscape Nematologist at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, Dr. Crow specializes in diagnosis and management of plant-parasitic nematodes on turfgrasses and ornamental plants. His research focus is on integrated pest management of nematodes on turf and ornamentals, including development of effective, environmentally responsible nematicides, biological controls, and resistant and tolerant plants. For his efforts, Dr. Crow received the Syngenta Excellence in Research Award from the Society of Nematologists in 2007. Abstract: New turfgrass bionematicides for the southeastern United States In portions of the southeastern United States plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most damaging and difficult to manage turfgrass pests. The recent cancellation of fenamiphos, the primary turfgrass nematicide used in the U.S. for several decades, has increased the need for effective and William Crow safe alternatives. Among the fenamiphos alternatives being explored are several bionematicides. In University of Florida recent years a great deal of research at the University of Florida has focused on two of these, Gainesville, FL, United States Pasteuria sp. and Bacillus firmus strain I1582. In 2010 and 2011 commercial turfgrass biopesticides having these bacteria as the active ingredient were launched. A summary of the research leading up to these commercial releases, and continuing trials after their release will be presented. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the commercial products and considerations for future turfgrass bionematicide development will be discussed. W.T. Crow, and J.E. Luc, Entomology and Nematology Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 33911, United States— wtcr@ufl.edu

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

WEDNESDAY, 11:20am - Noon

Efficacy in the laboratory and field: Mustard meal to MUSTGRO™ Dr. Janice Elmhirst has worked for almost 20 years in horticultural pest management in Ontario and British Columbia. She received her B.Sc. (Agr.) in Environmental Biology from the University of Guelph in 1982 and PhD in Plant Pathology from the University of Toronto in 1988. After five years as an IPM specialist with OMAFRA, during which she set up and ran a nematode and Verticillium diagnostic service for southwest growers, she moved to British Columbia, where she was Head of the provincial Plant Diagnostic Laboratory and an extension plant pathologist. Since 2002, she has operated a private company, Elmhirst Diagnostics and Research, in Abbotsford, BC, which has conducted numerous studies on the management of soil-borne nematodes and root diseases of vegetable and berry crops.

Janice Elmhirst Elmhirst Diagnostics & Research Abbotsford, BC, Canada

Abstract: Efficacy in the laboratory and field: Mustard meal to MUSTGRO™ Companies wishing to register a pest control product in Canada, whether chemical or biological, synthetic or “natural”, must fulfil specific data requirements for efficacy and crop tolerance. The generation of this data is discussed using the example of MUSTGRO™, a pelletized mustard meal containing the naturally-occurring biofumigant allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). J. F. Elmhirst, Elmhirst Diagnostics & Research, 5727 Riverside Street, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada, V4X1T6 — Janice.elmhirst@shaw.ca

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 1:00pm - 1:20pm

Gregg Robideau Carleton University Ottawa, ON Canada

ORAL PRESENTATION

Inoculation of cucumber seedlings with purified Pythium flagellar protein: Effect on seedling growth and response to subsequent attack by Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores Authors: G.P. Robideau1,2, R. Subramaniam2,1, and C.A. Lévesque2,1 1

Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Canada and ECORC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Canada

Abstract: Inoculation of cucumber seedlings with purified Pythium flagellar protein: Effect on seedling growth and response to subsequent attack by Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores Pythium aphanidermatum is a major plant pathogen belonging to the oomycete class of organisms. Oomycete plant pathogens such as Pythium and Phytophthora are capable of rapid dissemination in fields and hydroponic systems by way of motile spores (zoospores) that swim towards host plants using chemical and electrical cues from the host. Oomycete zoospores possess two flagella; an anterior ornamented “tinsel” flagellum, and a posterior “whiplash” flagellum. The hairs of the tinsel flagellum contain a recently characterized protein called TFP1, whose function is not well understood. DNA sequencing of TFP1 from a variety of oomycete species has revealed that the TFP1 amino acid sequence is conserved at the N- and C-termini, but varies greatly in between. This amino acid structure is similar to that of bacterial flagellin, which invokes the question of whether the function of TFP1 is similar to that of flagellin. Flagellin is known to induce defence responses in plants through recognition of a PAMP (pathogen associated molecular pattern). Plants exposed to a purified flagellin PAMP are capable of resisting subsequent bacterial disease (Zipfel et al. 2004). By inoculating cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings with TFP1 that has been purified from E. coli through heterologous expression of P. aphanidermatum TFP1 protein, the effect on seedling growth and response to P. aphanidermatum attack will be described. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

ORAL PRESENTATION

WEDNESDAY, 1:20pm - 1:40pm

Pre-emergent dandelion control in turf with Phoma macrostoma Karen Bailey Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon, SK, Canada Authors:

K.L. Bailey, J. Derby, S. Falk, S. Lombardo, M. Melzer, and G.J. Boland Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada; (S.F and S.L.) The Scotts Company,14310 Scottslawn Road, Marysville, OH 43041, USA; (M.M. and G.J.B.) Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Correspondence: Karen.Bailey@agr.gc.ca

Abstract: Pre-emergent dandelion control in turf with Phoma macrostoma Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) is a common weed problem in turf. Germinating seedlings are highly susceptible to the fungus Phoma macrostoma (Montagne), which causes them to turn white (photobleaching) and die. The objective was to determine the least effective rate of this pathogen as a bioherbicide for pre-emergent control of dandelion. Phoma macrostoma was formulated as a granule for broadcast application, with 1X representing the nominal recommended application rate. It was applied at 4X, 2X, 1X, ½X, ¼X, 1/8X, and 0X (nontreated control), with a mixture of grass and dandelion seeds. Trials were conducted as a RCBD with four replications at five sites in Canada and one in the USA over two years. Dandelion control (%) was calculated using Abbotts’s transformation relative to the nontreated control. At rates greater than 1X, 100% dandelion control was attained in all trials. There was effective dandelion control (>60%) in 91% of the trials at the 1X rate and in 71% of trials at the ½X rate. Control of dandelion seedlings lasted throughout the season. Control was ineffective (<60%) at lower rates. We conclude that a pre-emergent bioherbicide was effective at the 1X application rate to reduce the dandelion seed bank and prevent dandelion establishment. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 1:40pm - 2:00pm

Luca Lazzeri CRA-CIN Bologna, Italy

ORAL PRESENTATION

Biofumigants plant and materials in nematode containing both in conventional and organic farming Authors: G. Curto1, L. Malaguti2, E. Della Valle2, and L. Lazzeri2 1

Plant Protection Service, Servizio Fitosanitario Regione Emilia-Romagna, via di

Saliceto n.81, 40128 Bologna (Italy) e-mail: gcurto@regione.emilia-romagna.it 2

Industrial Crop Research Centre (CRA-CIN) Via di Corticella, 133, I-40128, Bologna, Italy

Correspondence: luca.lazzeri@entecra.it

Abstract: Biofumigants plant and materials in nematode containing both in conventional and organic farming The use of Brassicaceae biocidal green manure crops (e.g., Raphanus sativus ssp oleiformis and Eruca sativa ssp oleiformis) is an agronomic technique for the control of several nematodes including Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita studied in Italy for several years. Recently, these crops have been extensively applied in horticulture rotations as a non chemical alternative to chemical fumigants. In addition, the possibility of producing a formulation based on Brassicaceae defatted seed meals by a patented procedures has been developed for an application in alternative or in synergy with biofumigant green manure. These meals are able to amend soils with organic matter able to release, after irrigation, nematicidal volatile compounds derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of endogenous glucosinolates of which effects on nematodes will be reported and discussed. Finally, the application of new liquid materials for distribution by drip irrigation as a treatment during plant cultivation opens new perspectives for a whole organic and low environmental impact nematode control that is linked even on a clear biostimulating effect on new root production. The synergic application of these natural compounds year after year can maximize the containing effect of biofumigation and can offer the farmer a new option even for eradication of the infection.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

ORAL PRESENTATION

WEDNESDAY, 2:00pm - 2:20pm

Concentration and cultivar effects on efficacy of CLO-1 biofungicide in controlling Fusarium head blight of wheat

Allen Xue

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada Authors:

A.G. Xue1*, Y. Chen1, H.D. Voldeng1, G. Fedak1, M.E. Savard1, T. Längle2, J.X. Zhang2, G. Harman3, and G. Genge4. 1

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; 2

Pest Management Centre, AAFC, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;

Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY14456-0462, USA; and 4

ICUS Canada, Building 1A Unit 303, King’s Bridge Court, St. John’s, NL A1C 2R2, Canada

*Correspondence: allen.xue@agr.gc.ca

Abstract: Concentration and cultivar effects on efficacy of CLO-1 biofungicide in controlling Fusarium head blight of wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat. This research was to examine the effect of concentration and cultivar on the efficacy of CLO-1, a formulated product of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941, in controlling FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in wheat. Seven concentrations of CLO-1, ranging from 104 to 108 CFU/mL, were tested for the control of FHB and significant effects observed for concentrations at or above 8 x 106 cfu/mL in the greenhouse trials or 3 x 106 cfu/mL in field trials. In the greenhouse, CLO-1 reduced the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 65-83%, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) by 68-92%, and DON by 51-95%. Under the field conditions, the biofungicide reduced FHB index by 30-46%, FDK by 31-39%, and DON by 22-33%. These effects were less but not significantly different from those of the registered fungicide Folicur® (tebuconazole) used in these trials. CLO-1 and the fungicide were applied to the wheat cultivars AC Foremost, Quantum, and AC Nass, representing highly susceptible, intermediate and moderate resistance (the highest level of resistance commercially available) reactions to FHB, respectively, in field trials in 2009 and 2010. The biofungicide was most effective on the moderately resistant cultivar AC Nass and least effective on the highly susceptible cultivar AC Foremost. Results of this study suggest that CLO-1 is a promising biocontrol product for managing FHB on wheat. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 2:20pm - 2:40pm

Charles Johnson Virginia Tech, Southern Piedmont AREC Blackstone, VA, United States

ORAL PRESENTATION

Comparison of mustard meal with standard soil fumigants for nematode and disease control for tobacco and strawberry Authors: C.S. Johnson1, and Jay Robsinson2. 1

Virginia Tech, Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA 23824 MPT Mustard Products & Technologies, Inc., Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 4N1

Abstract: Comparison of mustard meal with standard soil fumigants for nematode and disease control for tobacco and strawberry Many flue-cured tobacco farmers remain dependent upon soil fumigants to maintain profitability, and the practice remains a critical component of the annual plasticulture system used by most strawberry producers in Virginia. Interest in alternatives to traditional soil fumigants has increased as registration of non-fumigant nematicides has been withdrawn and regulation of soil fumigants has increased. Field research was initiated in 2010 to evaluate the potential of biofumigation with mustard meal (MM) as an alternative to current standard products for nematode and soil-borne disease control in tobacco and strawberry. Experiments were arranged using a randomized complete block design with four or six replications for the tobacco and strawberry experiments, respectively. Control of a tobacco cyst nematode (Globodera tabacum solanacearum – Gts) was evaluated at the Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont AREC (SPAREC) by comparing nematode reproduction and tobacco productivity among an untreated control, several standard soil fumigants and 250, 500, 750, or 1200 lb/A of MM. Population densities of Gts after final harvest were highest in plots fumigated with Pic+. Significantly lower Gts populations were associated with Telone II, Telone C-17, Vapam, and all rates of MM except the 500 lb/A rate. Phytotoxicity was observed in the MM-treated plots early in the growing season, but the frequency of such symptoms was usually statistically similar for Telone II. Plant vigor and uniformity appeared similar among all treatments. Yields were highest for Vapam, Pic+, and Telone C-17, with statistically “similar” yields also for the 1,200 and 500 lb/A rates of MM and for Telone II. Yields for the 250 and 750 lb/A rates of MM were similar to the untreated control. Gross economic returns for the 500 and 1,200 lb/A rates of MM were also statistically “similar” to Telone C-17 and Pic+, which were the highest in the experiment. Strawberry growth and production were also compared among an untreated control, methyl bromide (MBr), Inline, Vapam HL, and 4 rates of MM (500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 lb/A). Monthly subjective vigor ratings collected from November 2010 to April 2011 associated the greatest vigor with use of MBr and Inline, as well as the 2,000 and 1,500 lb/A rates of MM, although these differences were not always statistically significant. Use of 500 or 1,000 lb/A MM were associated with plant vigor at or below that of the untreated control. The number of crowns/plant near first bloom was highest for MBr, followed by Inline and the 2,000 and 1,500 lb/A rates of MM. Crown numbers/plant in soil treated with Vapam or the 1,000 or 500 lb/A rates of MM were numerically higher than the untreated control, but these apparent differences were not statistically significant. Marketable yield at the end of May was highest for MBr and Inline. Yields for the 1,500 and 2,000 lb/A rates of MM were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than the control, while yields associated with the 500 and 1,000 lb/A rates of MM were statistically similar to (and numerically intermediate between) Vapam and the untreated control. Incorporation of MM appears to represent a promising alternative to current standard soil fumigants for cyst nematode control in tobacco and to enhance strawberry growth and yield in annual plasticulture systems. 2011 field research is either initiated or planned to validate 2010 results. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

ORAL PRESENTATION

WEDNESDAY, 2:40pm - 3:00pm

Interaction of biocidal green manures and soil types Vincent Michel Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW Conthey, Switzerland

Authors: V. Michel1, and L. Lazzeri2. 1

Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, CH-1964, Conthey, Switzerland

CRA – CIN Research Center for Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella, 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy

Abstract: Interaction of biocidal green manures and soil types The efficacy of the biocidal green manure brown mustard (Brassica juncea) to reduce the number of Verticillium dahlia microsclerotia in two different soil types was investigated in a series of pot trials. Two brown mustard cultivars, differing in their glucosinolates (GSL) content (high and low), and a rye (Secale cereale) cultivar, containing no GSL, were included in this study. In a loamy soil, the strongest reduction of V. dahlia microsclerotia was achieved with the high-GSL brown mustard and the lowest with rye. In contrast, in a sandy soil, rye was the most and high-GSL brown mustard the least successful plant to reduce the number of V.dahliae microslerotia. In the latter soil, the reduction of the microsclerotia was correlated with the soil microbial activity.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 3:40pm - 4:00pm

Niel Kruger Terason Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa

ORAL PRESENTATION

The role of cover crops in supressing plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards Authors: Niel Kruger¹, Johan Fourie2, and Antoinette Malan³ 1

Terason, P O Box 1854, Somerset West 7129, South Africa, niel@terason.co.za

ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5029, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, fouriej@arc.agric.za

Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,

Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, apm@sun.ac.za

Abstract: The role of cover crops in supressing plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards The negative impact of plant-parasitic nematodes on the production of grapevines in South Africa should not be underestimated. With most of the effective, synthetic nematicide control options under pressure of being phased out, an evergrowing need exists for a more biological approach. The use of annual cover crops in vineyards is an established soil cultivation practice in South Africa which is environment friendly and financially sustainable in the long-term. Crops used for biofumigation mainly consist of plants from the Brassicaceae family and in this study, Sinapis alba, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Eruca sativa and Avena sativa were used as cover crops in vineyards during the 2009/10 and 2010/11 seasons to determine their effect on plant-parasitic nematode populations. Two different cultivation practices, namely mechanical incorporation into the top soil and chemical control, were applied to the cover crops. Soil samples were taken, prior to the start of the trial (April/May), just before the start of the cover crop season, and thereafter on (0, 15, 30 and 60 days), after the management practice, to determine the effect of the different treatments on the plant-parasitic nematode populations in the soil. Laboratory soil bioassays and glasshouse trials, using Meloidogyne javanica and Criconemoides xenoplax, were also conducted to support results obtained from the field trial. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

ORAL PRESENTATION

WEDNESDAY, 4:00pm - 4:20pm

Allesandro Infantino Plant Pathology Research Centre, Rome, Italy

Use of biofumigation for the control of soilborne fungal diseases in Italy Authors: A. Infantino1, A. Santori1, S. Mocali2 and L. Lazzeri3 1

Plant Pathology Research Centre, Via C. G. Bertero, 22,I-00156, Roma, Italy

Agrobiology and Pedology Research Centre, P.zza Massimo D'Azeglio, 30, I-5012, Firenze, Italy

Industrial Crop Research Centre, Via di Corticella, 133, I-40128, Bologna, Italy

Correspondence: alessandro.infantino@entecra.it

Abstract: Use of biofumigation for the control of soilborne fungal diseases in Italy The control of soil-borne diseases is hampered by several factors, among the most important are the lack of effective chemicals and the difficulty of their use for extensive crops. Crown and root rot of wheat (CRR) and collapse of melon are two reemerging fungal diseases in Italy. Both diseases are of complex aetiology in which at least three fungal species are involved. For CRR, the incidence and gravity of the disease is enhanced by the lack of resistant varieties and of economically profitable break crops. For collapse, grafting on resistant rootstocks has been abandoned due to quality problems. Green manure with Brassica spp. could provide a valid alternative for the control of both diseases. Experiments are actually in progress in the laboratory, in the greenhouse and in the open field. Disease incidence and gravity, and both genetic and functional changes in the soil microbial communities after biofumigation have also been monitored. Preliminary results obtained for the control of CRR using biofumigation with B. juncea, showed a reduced incidence and gravity of the most important species associated to CRR, along with the reduction of whitish heads, typical symptom of the disease; soil microbial communities resulted not significantly affected by the treatment. In conclusion the overall results suggested a significant specific biocide effect of biofumigation against plant pathogens but not on total soil microbial diversity. The future prospect for the use of biofumigation for the control of both diseases will be presented. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WEDNESDAY, 4:20pm - 4:40pm

ORAL PRESENTATION

Transcriptomic analysis of the Alternaria alternata response to the toxic effect of the natural fungicide 2-Propenyl-Isothiocyanate Maria Elena Báez Unversidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacan, Mexico

Authors: María Elena Báez3, Barry Pryor2, Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas1, María Islas-Osuna1, Marisela Rivera-Domínguez1 and Martin-Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández1. 1

Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria km 0.6. Colonia Ejido la Victoria. P.O. Box 1735, Hermosillo Son., 83000. México. 2

Department of Plant Sciences. Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. University of Arizona. P.O. Box 210036 Tucson AZ, USA. 3

Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Sin., México.

Abstract: Transcriptomic analysis of the Alternaria alternata response to the toxic effect of the natural fungicide 2-Propenyl-Isothiocyanate Fungi infections are one of the most important causes of postharvest fruits and vegetables losses. The control of fungal infections in vegetables is mainly carried out by using fungicides. However, the ability of fungi in developing resistance to either synthetic or natural fungicides highlights the need to elucidate the molecular basis of these phenomena. This knowledge will allow developing environmentally friendly strategies for fungi control. We had studied fungal tolerance to natural compounds using the model Alternaria alternata and 2-propenyl-isothiocyanate (2-pITC). With the goal to isolate genes induced by 2p-ITC, a forward suppressive subtractive hybridization procedure was carried out using cDNA from A. alternata ITC treated as “tester” and cDNA from the untreated fungus as “driver”. As result, a 245 EST’s library was constructed, resulting in 124 sequences after the assembly (40 contigs and 84 singletons). Bioinformatic analysis (Blastx algorithm) revealed that 38 and 40% of the sequences showed significant similarity to diverse fungal known and hypothetical proteins, respectively, while 18% of the sequences did not show significant similarity to known genes. Gene ontology was used to distribute the contigs and singletons among the main GO categories by the program Blast2GO. This tool provided GO terms for 46% of the sequences set, assigning 42% to biological processes, 40% to molecular functions and 18% to cellular component. Out of the 2p-ITC induced genes found, the expression of six of them (opsin, Ca++ATPase, SNOG protein, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase, EFhand protein, and ABC transporter), were evaluated by real time RT-PCR analysis using the comparative CT method. The analysis was carried out at 0.5, 1, 2 and 12 hours after 2p-ITC exposure. The statistical analysis of the expression results performed by the relative expression software tool, revealed a significantly (p<0.05) higher fold change for the ABC transporter (95.8) and the Ca++ATPase (6.24) at 0.5 and one hour of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that the fungal resistance phenotype to 2p-ITC could involve calcium ion and 2p-ITC efflux by an ABC transporter. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

ORAL PRESENTATION

WEDNESDAY, 4:40pm - 5:00pm

Efficacy of two rhizobacterial antagonists for control of postharvest decay of apples under laboratory and commercial conditions in British Columbia

Louise Nelson University of British Columbia Kelowna, BC, Canada

Authors: D.L. Mantyka1, D. Hirkala2 and L.M. Nelson1* 1

Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada 2

Okanagan Tree Fruit Cooperative, Quality Development Lab, 9751 Bottom Lake Road, Winfield, British Columbia, Canada Correspondence: louise.nelson@ubc.ca

Abstract: Efficacy of two rhizobacterial antagonists for control of postharvest decay of apples under laboratory and commercial conditions in British Columbia Fungal decay during postharvest storage of apples leads to significant losses and is caused primarily by Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea. Microbial antagonists are promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides, but only one microbial agent has been registered for postharvest use on apples in Canada. Rhizobacteria exhibiting fungal suppressive properties and adapted to cold climates may be a potential source of novel control agents. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of two antagonistic isolates from Saskatchewan soils for control of postharvest pathogens under controlled atmosphere (CA) or air storage in British Columbia. Apple varieties Gala, Ambrosia and Jonagold were wounded and inoculated by drenching with 1 x 104 spores/ml of pathogens P. expansum or B. cinerea alone (controls) or in combination with 1 x 108 CFU/ml Pseudomonas fluorescens antagonists 4-6, 1-112, a 1:1 mixture of the two antagonists, 1.59 mg/ml of the registered biocontrol agent, BioSave (Jet-Harvest, FL, USA) or 0.3 mg/ml of the registered fungicide, fludioxonil. The apples were stored at 1-2°C in air or in commercial CA storage. Disease incidence and lesion diameter were measured at 4-week intervals. The antagonists 4-6 and 1-112, BioSave and fludioxonil significantly reduced disease severity compared to the controls after up to eight months in CA storage. While neither of the antagonists was as effective as the fungicide fludioxonil under air storage, they showed promise for comparable control of postharvest decay under CA storage and were as effective as the commercial biocontrol, BioSave under air storage.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

THURSDAY, 8:00am - 8:30am

The non-chemical alternatives to methyl bromide: Did we achieve our goals? Dr. Jaacov Katan is the Buck Family Professor Emeritus of Plant Pathology at the Hebrew University, (HUJ), Rehovot Campus, Israel. His main fields of interests are soil-borne pathogens, soil solarization, plant–soil microbe-pathogen interactions, biological control and related subjects. He obtained his Ph.D (1969) from the HUJ and was appointed as a Professor at HUJ in 1979. He is the past President and Honorary President of the Israeli Phytopathological Society. He is a Fellow of the American Phytopathological Society and the American Association of the Advancement of Science. He received the Millikan Award for distinction in teaching and "The Jacob Eriksson Prize in Plant Pathology" awarded jointly by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and the International Society of Plant Pathology. He was a Vice President of the 9th International Congress of Plant Pathology (2008).

Yaacov Katan

Abstract: The non-chemical alternatives to methyl bromide: Did we achieve our goals?

Hebrew University Rehovot, Israel

Methyl bromide (MB) was the major soil disinfestation tool during five decades due to its advantages, especially its wide spectrum of control. Our high dependence on a single control method (CM) resulted in a severe crisis. MB was replaced by a variety of chemical and nonchemical alternatives, including old and new fumigants, resistant cultivars, grafting, soil solarization, biofumigation, biopesticides and others. We should attempt to avoid a similar crisis in the future. Thus, we should aim to increase the arsenal of CM, combine and alternate CM in the framework of integrated management program, improve methods of application, improve diagnostics, monitoring treated fields to detect side-effects, and put emphasis on biologically–based methods which improve soil and crop health. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 8:30am - 8:50am

SPEAKER

Alternative strategies against soilborne pest and diseases under protected crops in Italy Dr. Andrea Minuto has worked since 2008 in the Pesticide efficacy and residue testing Center of Ce.R.S.A.A. of Albenga (Italy) as study director and principal field investigator. Since 1992, cooperating with the Torino University and with the Ce.R.S.A.A. of Albenga, he worked in the field of plant disease diagnosis in laboratory and directly in the field and technical assistance to growers cooperating to research and demonstrative programs focused to clarify the activity of biocontrol agents against foliar and soilborne disease, the evaluation of activity of fungicides against foliar and soilborne disease, the evaluation of possibilities to integrate chemical and biological control of plant pathogens. Preceding this, he was the Assistant Professor in Plant Pathology (Univ. Torino – Italy 2004 - 2008). He received his PhD in Plant Pathology (1997 – 1999) awarded from the University of Bari (Italy) and a Degree in Agricultural Sciences from the University of Torino in 1993.

Andrea Minuto

Abstract: Alternative strategies against soilborne pest and diseases under protected crops in Italy

Ce.R.S.A.A. Albenga, Italy

Changes in agricultural practices represent a risk to be considered particularly under intensive cropping systems as well as protected crops. Several examples might be considered as relevant in major (tomato, strawberry, ….) and minor crops (fresh cut vegetables, aromatic plant, sweet basil, ….) but, probably, the phasing out of methyl bromide represents the most appropriate one. Under intensive vegetable crops the phase out of methyl bromide and the uncertain future of other chemical alternatives caused an increase in adoption of new practices and growing techniques including grafting, soilless and other techniques considered feasible in an integrated pest management strategy. Unfortunately several pests (eg. Meloidogyne spp.) and diseases (eg. Verticillium wilt on grafted eggplants, Colletotrichum coccodes on tomato, Macrophomina phaseolina on melon and strawberry and Phytophthora spp. on solanaceous crops), generally controlled before, were not fully minimized in their damages. Due to the current situation the use of biofumigation with brassica species has been tested together with other potential strategies to limit as much as possible soilborne pests and disease. Nevertheless intensive protected crops carried out with continuous monoculture still need significant adoption of effective soil disinfestation methods, including chemical and non-chemical ones adopted alone or in combination: challenges and perspectives will be discussed also in light of expected limitations in pesticide availability in EU.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

THURSDAY, 8:50am - 9:10am

Soil disinfestation in strawberry with steam

Steven Fennimore University of California, Davis Salinas, CA, United States

Dr. Steve Fennimore is a Cooperative Extension Specialist and Weed Scientist with the University of California at Davis located in Salinas, CA. Since 1997, Steve has conducted a research and extension program focused on weed and pest management in vegetable crops, cut flowers and strawberries, and he spends most of his time working in the coastal production areas between Watsonville and Oxnard, California. His weed control program combines both chemical and nonchemical methods, for both organic and conventional production systems with the objective of minimizing the use of hand weeding. Steve has been involved in the efforts to develop alternatives to methyl bromide for flowers and strawberry. His current work in strawberry is focused on use of nonfumigant methods of production using substrate production, and soil disinfestation using steam. He has served on numerous grants and advisory panels for the USDA ARS and USDA CSREES programs as well as on numerous grants panels for the University of California. Steve grew up on a vegetable farm in western Oregon near Salem. After two years in the Peace Corps in Paraguay, he began his weed science career at the University of California, Davis where he studied weed biology, receiving an M.Sc. in 1983. From 1983 to 1993 Steve worked in industry where he held pest management research and development positions in California, Mississippi and finally Indiana. In Indiana he left industry and returned to school at Purdue University where he received his PhD in weed science in 1997.

Abstract: Soil disinfestation in strawberry with steam Steam is an effective nonfumigant tool for soil disinfestation. Steam treatments are most practical where fumigants cannot be used such as in fumigant buffer zones, sensitive sites near schools and in organic fields. Steam application in field buffer zones where fumigants cannot be applied combined with fumigant use outside the buffer zones is a strategy that may allow more complete land utilization especially near urban areas. High fuel costs and slow speeds are often cited as the reason why steam is not a feasible replacement for methyl bromide soil fumigation. We are currently exploring methods to partially overcome obstacles to steam use in the field. Traditional methods of application such as sheet steaming rely on heat conduction through static soil and this method takes a considerable amount of time and energy. Techniques such as physically mixing steam with soil increase the speed and efficiency of steam application. Combining steam with exothermic compounds or with mustard seed meals may be a method to improve the performance of steam at lower energy cost. Steam may also be used to disinfest field soil prior to blending with substrates as well as to treat recycled substrates used in two or more production cycles. Soil fumigants face a future of increasing restrictions. Steam has a future role as a partial replacement for soil fumigants. S. Fennimore, and J. Samtani , University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 9:10am - 9:30am

SPEAKER

Non-fumigant weed and disease management systems for vegetable and floriculture production

Erin Rosskopf United States Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS Fort Pierce, FL, United States

Dr. Erin Rosskopf received her PhD from the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Florida in 1997. She has served as a Research Microbiologist with the USDA, ARS for the last 14 years. Her principal assignment is the discovery and development of alternatives to the use of methyl bromide for soil fumigation. Her research on the use of alternative fumigants has contributed to the labeling of materials for the cut flower industry. She has worked extensively on the development of host-specific fungal plant pathogens for the control of weeds in horticultural crops. Dr. Rosskopf is a co-inventor on multiple patents related to both biological and chemical control measures for weeds and diseases and has written reviews and book chapters on these topics. She served two terms as the Director of Scientific Programs for the American Phytopathological Society and as the President of the Florida Phytopathological Society. She is a member of the Editorial Board of Biological Control and a Senior Editor for Plant Disease. The emphasis of her current work is on the combination of cultural and biologically-based approaches to disease and weed management for conventional and organic vegetable and flower production. Abstact: Non-fumigant weed and disease management systems for vegetable and floriculture production

Although many conventional vegetable and flower growers in Florida have tested or transitioned to available alternative fumigant combinations, the use of many chemical fumigants remains limited by regulation, availability, and cost. Growers continue to face emerging pest problems after transitioning or have limited access to effective materials. Multiple non-fumigant approaches are currently being tested and demonstrated for various crops that continue to seek critical use exemptions for methyl bromide. Among these approaches are anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), steam, and a new material currently referred to as “SPK.” The ASD approach in Florida utilizes the agricultural waste products composted broiler litter and blackstrap molasses, combined with soil saturation and solarization to produce anaerobic conditions that provide control of soilborne pests including weeds, nematodes, and fungal plant pathogens. The new material, “SPK” can be applied through drip application systems or via standard shank fumigation equipment and produces no volatile organic compounds. This material does not provide complete weed control when used as a stand-alone treatment, but has the unique characteristic of enhancing populations of the beneficial fungus Trichoderma spp. in soil. Steam treatments are being tested for use in cut flower production where semi-permanent steam lines can deliver lethal temperatures deep into the soil profile in locations where nematode control is a severely limiting factor in crop production. This method can also be used for areas where permanent structures prevent the use of shank fumigation. All three of these methods present opportunities for the introduction of biological control agents or support the growth of beneficial organisms, and have excellent potential as more sustainable options for crop production. Erin N. Rosskopf and Nancy Kokalis-Burelle, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL; and David M. Butler, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 10:40am - 11:10am

SPEAKER

Pesticide regulation in Canada

Valerie Hodge Health Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency Ottawa, ON, Canada

In Canada, all pest control products, including biopesticides, are regulated by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), the branch of Health Canada that administers the Pest Control Products Act. Our role is to determine if proposed pesticides can be used safely when label directions are followed and will be effective for their intended use. If there is reasonable certainty from a science-based evaluation that no harm to human health or the environment will result from exposure to or use of a pesticide, and value is acceptable, its registration for use in Canada will be approved. This presentation will highlight the flexible approaches that have been developed for making the application process more efficient and appropriate for those biopesticides which fall under Health Canada’s Guidelines for the Registration of NonConventional Pest Control Products. A list of useful resources will be provided which should increase the understanding of the Canadian regulatory process for new applicants. Under the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Canada, the United States, and Mexico work together on a wide-range of issues related to pesticides. This discussion will help to clarify the differences and similarities between the regulatory processes in Canada and the U.S. Valerie Hodge, Section Head, Health Canada, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, 2720 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 11:10am - 11:40am

SPEAKER

Daniel Bechtel PRTox Consulting Inc. Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Dr. Daniel Bechtel is educated in immunotoxicology and has a solid background in agricultural chemistry, risk assessment and regulatory issues. He obtained his PhD from the University of Saskatchewan in 2005 through the investigation of the effect of air contaminants on immune function and characterization. Daniel worked for the Pest Management Regulatory Agency as a regulatory toxicologist conducting risk assessment within the Health Evaluation Division. He has provided multi-national companies expertise in product development, research and regulatory strategy. He offered significant comment from an industry and producer perspective during the development of the recent PCP regulation changes regarding generic pesticides. Daniel founded PRTox Consulting Inc. and provides scientific, regulatory, analytical and toxicological advice to clients as they develop products for commercialization into the Canadian market place. His experience helps him liaise between clients, public, government and Contract Research Organizations to provide technical advice and unbiased evidence-based interpretation of scientific results. PRTox is partnered with a variety of laboratories in order to provide stakeholders the ability to manage product safety development to meet government regulations. PRTox clients have product registrations spanning pesticides, animal health products, functional foods, natural health products and nutraceuticals. In addition, PRTox assists industries with occupational and environmental health and safety and has been an expert witness for a variety of projects.

Abstact: Biopesticide registration is a relatively new venture for companies and government. The regulatory environment can be dynamic during the early phases of policy development and even through the maturation process. As a consequence, regulations may not be as transparent as both the applicant and the regulator would like. As consultants liaise between the government and clients to streamline the submission process it is essential that data requirements are clear, consistent and focused to address legislative needs. A lack of transparency can challenge the consultant by having them focus on the regulatory issue to ensure the clients’ product database meets those questions as they are asked. Dr. Bechtel will briefly discuss experiences observed while navigating the biopesticide registration process. The discussion will cover subtle familiarities and differences between Canadian and US applications, possible areas of flexibility, and observations expressed by applicants.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

THURSDAY, 1:30pm - 1:50pm

Michaela Schlathoelter is Plant breeder in Germany at P.H. PETERSEN. The company is the market leader in breeding and production of resistant green manure crops for biological nematode control in Europe. The company and its varieties are well known for quality. The breeding programme is constantly orientated towards the current requirements of practical modern farming for: (1) Nematode control, (2) Biological control of soil borne diseases, (3) Improvement of soil fertility, (4) Erosion and leaching control, and (5) Green manure production.

Michaela Schlatholter

TERRA PROTECT is the biofumigation brand of P. H. PETERSEN.

Terra Protect Seeds Grundhof, Germany

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 1:50pm - 2:10pm

SPEAKER

Dale Gies is an agronomist and seed producer from Moses Lake, Washington USA, an intensively managed irrigated area in the desert of Eastern Washington known for exceptional potato, onion, and vegetable seed production. The severe demands on the soil to maintain high yields and quality in close crop rotations led Dale to develop a brassica green manure program to rebuild their soil. This system has been successfully utilized and studied on his farm for the last 20 years. Due to the demand for high quality seed and technical support to develop sustainable green manure programs in other areas of the world, Dale and his sons, Joe and Mike, formed High Performance Seeds, Inc., which is currently involved in commercial and research projects in over 25 countries.

Dale Gies High Performance Seeds, Inc. Moose Lake, WA, United States

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

THURSDAY, 2:10pm - 2:30pm

Dr. Ian Porter is the Principal Research Scientist in Plant Pathology within the BioSciences Research Division of the Department of Primary Industries in Victoria, Australia and an Associate Professor with LaTrobe University. He is also Co-Chair of the United Nations Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee, assisting countries in the world find sustainable alternatives to the ozone depleting fumigant, methyl bromide, for pest and disease control under the Montreal Protocol. Ian leads the national program on soil health in the temperate vegetable industry in Australia. His team is developing new ways to manage soilborne diseases by use of endophytes, ‘biofumigant’ rotation crops and other suppressive mechanisms which rely on manipulation of carbon and nitrogen to reduce environmental damage and improve disease control. His talk will present an overview of research in Australia in a number of these areas.

Ian Porter Department of Primary Industries/LaTrobe University Victoria, Knoxfield, Australia

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

SPEAKER

THURSDAY, 3:30pm - 5:15pm

PROGRAM

Commercial challenges of taking research to the marketplace: A commercial reality check Dr. Timothy Johnson is the Global Product Development Director for Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Dr. Johnson joined Marrone Bio Innovations (MBI) in November, 2008. From 1985 until 2002 he worked in a variety of capacities at Ecogen Inc. During his time at Ecogen, Dr. Johnson was involved with the discovery of novel B. thuringiensis insecticidal proteins, the development of genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides, the development of bioinsecticides based upon insecticidal nematodes and the development of Ampelomyces quisqualis as a biofungicide to control powdery mildew. From 2002 until joining MBI, he served as Commercial Development Manager at Plato Industries, Ltd. where he oversaw the development of pheromone-based attract and kill products and the development of Paecilomyces lilacinus for control of nematodes in southern row crops.

Tim Johnson Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Danville, PA, United States

Abstract: Commercial challenges of taking research to the marketplace: A commercial reality check The number of commercial biopesticides in use today is far exceeded by the number of biopesticides that were introduced to the marketplace but are no longer manufactured. Most of the products that failed in the marketplace were technical successes yet ultimately failed. The reason for failure in the marketplace is often influenced by factors unseen or unanticipated but often should have been obvious to the manufacturer. Indeed, technical success is often far easier to achieve than market success. Lessons learned from successful and unsuccessful biopesticides will be discussed as well as present and future marketplace conditions that bode well for the future of biopesticides for use to manage a wide variety of pests.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

WORKSHOP PANEL

THURSDAY, 3:30pm - 5:15pm

Valerie Hodge Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada

Valerie Hodge has worked for Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) for 16 years in the Environmental Assessment Directorate (EAD). She received her B.Sc. (Agr.) in Environmental Biology in 1988 followed by an M.Sc. in 1992, both from the University of Guelph. Her work for her graduate studies, and several years of contracts with Environment Canada and the University of Guelph, involved the study of the fate and effects of pesticides and other pollutants in the environment. Since 1995, Valerie has been working in the EAD on the evaluation and characterization of the risks of pesticides to the environment. Since becoming a Section Head in 2003, she has also been involved in the development of Canadian guidelines for the registration of non-conventional pest control products (which includes biochemicals other than microbials and pheromones). In April 2011, Valerie participated as a presenter in the NAFTA Biopesticides Registration Improvement Course where government regulators from Canada, the United States, and Mexico met with representatives of the biopesticide industry to discuss the registration process for biochemicals. Health Canada Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) The PMRA is responsible for pesticide regulation in Canada. Created in 1995, this branch of Health Canada consolidates the resources and responsibilities for pest management regulation. Dr. Timothy Johnson is the Global Product Development Director for Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Dr. Johnson joined Marrone Bio Innovations (MBI) in November, 2008. From 1985 until 2002 he worked in a variety of capacities at Ecogen Inc. During his time at Ecogen, Dr. Johnson was involved with the discovery of novel B. thuringiensis insecticidal proteins, the development of genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides, the development of bioinsecticides based upon insecticidal nematodes and the development of Ampelomyces quisqualis as a biofungicide to control powdery mildew. From 2002 until joining MBI, he served as Commercial Development Manager at Plato Industries, Ltd. where he oversaw the development of pheromone -based attract and kill products and the development of Paecilomyces lilacinus for control of nematodes in southern row crops.

Tim Johnson Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc. Danville, PA, United States

At MBI, Dr. Johnson manages the company’s worldwide field testing program of their existing and experimental biopesticides to support the research and commercial development of new biofungicides, bioherbicides, bioinsecticides and bionematicides. Dr. Johnson received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in Entomology from Iowa State University and received his PhD in Entomology from Purdue University. He is a member of the Entomological Society of America, American Phytopathological Society and the Society for Invertebrate Pathology. Marrone Bio-Innovations Marrone Bio-Innovations discovers and markets effective and environmentally responsible natural products that focus on unmet needs for weed, pest and plant disease management . Carl Lynn is currently a Commercialization Officer with Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Research Branch in Saskatoon. With 15 years experience in contract management and project management in support of research, he has assisted scientists in development of projects through consultation on agreement needs, intellectual property and patent advice, and business perspectives, setting up collaborative research development agreements and other types of agreements, and negotiating licenses with industry partners. He has a degree in Crop Science and Economics from the University of Saskatchewan and additional course work in business, marketing, public relations and law. Prior to work as a Commercialization Officer, Carl worked with Nuvotech (a commercialization company) Saskatchewan Wheat Pool, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Radio as an Agricultural Commentator at noon hours, and with the Provincial Government of Saskatchewan as a Pesiticide Regulatory Specialist.

Carl Lynn Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Research Branch Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Research Branch’s mission is to lead, perform and leverage world-class scientific discovery and innovation, creating synergies with other organizations, to contribute to the long-term prosperity, environmental performance, and security of the agriculture sector.

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 3:30pm - 5:15pm

WORKSHOP PANEL

Alec Roberts: After completing a degree in Horticulture at Wye College, London University in 1983, Alec began a twenty-two year career in the vegetable and salad industry, initially as a farm manager on a 2000 acre vegetable/salad enterprise in the UK then as growing director for an intensive salad/baby leaf company growing both in the UK and Spain. For the last six years he has worked for Plant Solutions Ltd as a technical manager evaluating, trialling and promoting a range of “alternative” crop protection and soil management products and techniques.

Alec Roberts Plant Solutions Cobham, Surrey, United Kingdom

Plant Solutions Plant Solutions Ltd is subsidiary of Tozer Seeds Ltd, one of the last privately owned vegetable breeding companies remaining in the UK. Plant Solutions Ltd was set up approximately eight years ago to sell a range of “alternative” crop protection and soil management products. The range includes various plant based products along with the Caliente Brand Mustards bio-fumigant crops.Over the last few years we have concentrated on evaluating bio-fumigation as a farm management tool, used by all types of growers to help manage pests, diseases and weeds whilst at the same time helping to improve soil structure. More recently we have seen an increase in interest and use of bio-fumigation within the UK potato industry; this is due to pressure from the EU chemical re-registration, EU water directive and UK retailers requiring reduced crop residue levels. Plant Solutions Ltd is looking into the future when alternative products, in particular biofumigation, and other novel ideas will make an important contribution in the sustainable production of crops world-wide. Jay Robinson is the founding partner of MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Inc, bringing a wealth of experience from previous business ventures and alternative pesticide management. Past senior roles in the Department of Environment, as well as separate acting consultancy and project lead positions for international programs and initiatives throughout the Caribbean and Central America are accredited to his career achievements. Backed with secondary degrees in environmental science and chemistry and a sound and practiced understanding of business, Mr. Robinson is spearheading the progress of MPT and several other biotech companies. Mr. Robinson spends his time between Canada and the US managing the companies overall interests.

Jay Robinson MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Saskatoon, SK, Canada

MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Inc: At MPT, our aim is to be the leaders in providing natural solutions for everyday agricultural challenges. MPT's technology converts the unique properties of mustard seed into fertilizers that support soil health and formulated bio-pesticides that control soil borne pests and diseases. The resulting products fall under MPT's MustGro™ product line. MPT provides natural, organic products that match or exceed the efficacy of the commonly-used synthetic chemicals and soil fumigants. MPT provides growers with a natural pesticide alternative with superior control of soil borne pathogens and pests that produce yields similar to or exceeding those associated with synthetic product use. Mogens Wümpelmann has worked in biotech within R&D and business development for more than 30 years. He earned an M.Sc. in Chemical Engineering in 1979 and studied at CalTech, Chemical Engineering from 1988 to 1989. He is currently senior manager at Novozymes A/S, responsible for evaluating new science and business opportunities focusing on biotech tools for agriculture in the last three years. Novozymes - Rethink tomorrow Novozymes is the world leader in bio-innovation. We create tomorrow’s solutions by applying technology to nature, to the benefit of both our customers’ bottom line and the planet. Novozymes serves a broad array of industries including agriculture using enzymes, microorganisms, biopolymers, and biopharmaceutical ingredients.

Morgens Wümpelmann Novozymes A/S Bagsvaerd, Denmark

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

THURSDAY, 3:30pm - 5:15pm

CASE STUDY #1

Natural insecticides from peas Authors: Russell K. Hynes1, Paul G. Fields2 and Wesley G. Taylor1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK., 2 Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB. 1

Russell Hynes Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Abstract: Natural insecticides from peas Post harvest grain losses are estimated to exceed $25 billion globally per year. Losses account for 2 to 5% of the value of grain in developed nations and between 20 to 30% in developing nations. Extracts derived from protein-rich field pea flour offer potential commercial applications in the control of insects attacking stored grains in home, farm, or elevator locations. Treatment of the grain with fewer and fewer synthetic insecticides represents the current method for protecting grain in storage facilities. The interest in user-friendly and environmentally sound insecticides to protect grain in storage is growing. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds and their extracts are toxic to stored-product insects. Sitophilus species including Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil) are very sensitive to pea extracts. An early laboratory extraction procedure used hot methanol to obtain crude insecticidal extracts from protein-rich pea flour (Bodnaryk et al. USA Patent 5,955,082). Additional fractionation and characterization of the extracts revealed that cysteine-rich peptides of the pea albumin 1b (PA1b) type and soyasaponins were responsible for the insecticidal activity. Laboratory experiments and pilot plant runs were initiated to develop an industry compatible and economic extraction protocol for insecticidal peptides and soyasaponins from pea flour. The isolation and identification of insecticidal compounds from peas presents opportunities for an alternative insecticide for stored grain. The objective of this project was to develop an industry compatible and economic extraction protocol for the isolation of insecticidal PA1b peptide and soyasaponins mixtures from pea flour and a means to deliver the product to grain as it is being stored. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

CASE STUDY #2

THURSDAY, 3:30pm - 5:15pm

Soil disinfestation in strawberry with steam

Authors: S. Fennimore, and J. Samtani University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA 93905, United States

Steven Fennimore University of California, Davis Salinas, CA, United States

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

INDUSTRY SHOWCASE

FRIDAY, 8:20am - 8:40am

Novozymes Biologicals, Inc. Jarrod Leland: As Senior Research Scientist with Novozymes Biologicals, Inc., Jarrod E. Leland oversees the development of microbial bioinsecticides within the BioAg group of the company, such as Metarhizium anisopliae F52. Prior to joining Novozymes, he worked for five years as a Research Entomologist for USDA-ARS on entomopathogenic fungi for control of cotton insect pests. He has extensive experience in research of the physiology and morphology of M. anisopliae as well as in the discovery, development and field application of entomopathogenic fungi. Throughout his career, Leland has published 11 peer reviewed journal articles, given more than 30 scientific presentations, and received numerous industry awards and academic honors. Abstract: Development of Met52 for control of soil-borne insects Entomopathogenic fungi may provide persistent control in soil environments but strategies for Jarrod Leland efficiently targeting insect pests must be considered. Research with various formulations of Novozymes Biologicals, Inc. Metarhizium anisopliae in artificial and agricultural soils has helped to define these strategies but Salem, VA, United States there is still room for improvement particularly in open field soils. Examples of field results against such targets as vine weevils, wireworms, root maggots, and thrips have demonstrated potential of entomopathogenic fungi for control of soil insect pests and identified future directions for improving efficacy. Application to artificial soil can allow for thorough distribution of spores resulting in consistent high levels of control. Penetration of spores into agricultural soils or through turf can be difficult requiring careful timing of application to coincide with the insect’s lifecycle that move through a treated barrier or cultural practices that allow incorporation. A greater understanding of the impacts of soil environments on spore persistence and activity as well as interactions with the rhizosphere may further identify opportunities for improving product efficacy. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

FRIDAY, 8:40am - 9:00am

INDUSTRY SHOWCASE

MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Inc. Paul Schorn MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Paul Schorn is currently Director of Research and Marketing for MPT Mustard Products & Technologies, where he has been instrumental in the development of MPT and the MustGro™ product line. He received his M.Sc. From the University of Natal (South Africa) and worked in the sugar industry before moving to Canada in 1981. He joined and completed a 30 year career with Elanco, DowElanco and Dow AgroScience, before his retirement as a Marketing Specialist (Mgr.) with roles in sales, R&D, product development, sales management and marketing. MPT Mustard Products & Technologies Inc. At MPT, our aim is to be the leaders in providing natural solutions for everyday agricultural challenges. MPT's technology converts the unique properties of mustard seed into fertilizers that support soil health and formulated bio-pesticides that control soil borne pests and diseases. The resulting products fall under MPT's MustGro™ product line. MPT provides natural, organic products that match or exceed the efficacy of the commonly-used synthetic chemicals and soil fumigants. MPT provides growers with a natural pesticide alternative with superior control of soil borne pathogens and pests, that produce yields similar to or exceeding those associated with synthetic product use. Saskatoon's strong biotech community has provided the ideal environment for MPT to develop some of the world's first organic soil fumigants. With offices located at Innovation Place, MPT is on the cutting edge of innovation and its full scale commercial manufacturing facility located nearby enables MPT to manufacture large quantities of consistent, quality assured product. After 10 years of research and development, MPT was incorporated on sound scientific concepts and proven technologies that have been tried and tested in a variety of private research trials, government departments, universities and end users. Located in Saskatchewan, Canada, MPT is in the heart of the world's largest supply of mustard with over 230,000 tonnes produced annually on more than 360,000 acres.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

INDUSTRY SHOWCASE

FRIDAY, 9:00am - 9:20am

Scotts Miracle-Gro Company

Stuart Falk Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Marysville, OH, United States

The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company (NYSE: SMG) is the world's largest marketer of branded consumer lawn and garden products. We operate primarily in North America, along with businesses in Europe, Asia Pacific and other parts of the world, and employ more than 8,000 associates. The Company was founded in 1868 in Marysville, Ohio, by O.M. Scott as a premium seed company for the U.S. agricultural industry. In the early 1900s, the company began a lawn grass seed business for homeowners. In 1995, the company merged with Miracle-Gro, the leading gardening brand, to create The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company. In the U.S., the Company's Scotts®, Miracle-Gro® and Ortho® brands are market leading in their categories, as is the consumer Roundup® brand, which is marketed in North America and most of Europe exclusively by Scotts. Outside of North America, the Company has various popular brands, including Miracle-Gro®, Evergreen®, KB®, Fertiligene®, Celaflor® and Substral®. ScottsMiracle-Gro reported $3.14 billion in net sales for the 2010 fiscal year. ScottsMiracle-Gro brands are sold through the world's leading home improvement retail companies and mass merchandisers. Other key channels include large hardware chain stores, independent hardware stores, garden centers, nurseries, greenhouses and food and drug stores. ScottsMiracle-Gro has recently become involved in ‘Natural’ products. Ortho Elementals is a line of natural based insect, disease, and weed control products. Whitney Farms® is a line of organic plant foods, soils, and amendments. In addition, we offer Miracle-Gro Organic Choice Garden Soil and Plant Food and Scotts Natural Lawn Food. Specific to biopesticides we are developing, along with AAFC, a selective bioherbicide based on Phoma macrostoma.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

FRIDAY, 9:20am - 9:40am

INDUSTRY SHOWCASE

AgraQuest, Inc. Serenade Soil®: Development of Bacillus subtilis, strain QST 713 for soil applications with disease control, crop yield and quality enhancement Authors: Denise Manker, Sarah Reiter, Paul Walgenbach, Magalie Guilhabert-Goya, Sarah Hovinga, Dennis Warkentin and Dennis Long

Denise Manker

AgraQuest, Inc., Davis, CA

AgraQuest, Inc. Davis, CA, United States

Abstract: Serenade Soil®: Development of Bacillus subtilis, strain QST 713 for soil applications with disease control, crop yield and quality enhancement Bacillus subtilis, QST 713, is a soil borne strain of bacteria. It is unique from other strains of B. subtilis in its production of anti-fungal and anti-bacterial products. These properties have previously been employed for the control of foliage plant pathogens under the tradename Serenade®. More recently, research has exhibited the advantages of soil applications of QST 713 in terms of disease suppression and beneficial plant effects. Soil applications, whether applied via seed treatment or drench, in the absence of disease, result in more vigorous plants as measured by topgrowth and rootmass. In the presence of soil borne pathogens QST 713 soil applications suppress disease with resultant increases in plant vigor, improved yields and, in some instances, quality. These properties are the result of the development of a protective biofilm on the roots of plants, disease suppression from an array of lipopeptides and plant modulation. The practical implications of these new findings are discussed in regards to tomatoes, potatoes and cucurbits. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

INDUSTRY SHOWCASE

FRIDAY, 9:40am - 10:00am

Agrium Italia SpA Giampiero Patalano Agrium Italia SpA Livorno, Italy

Agrium Italia SpA is a new company borne from the acquisition of Cerealtoscana SpA, the agro-industrial group operating in Italy since 1977, by Agrium. Agrium Italia has over 10 years of cooperation with the Italian Research Institute (CRA / CIN of Bologna) with respect to biofumigation research and techniques. There are 10 varieties of Brassica, under the brand Triumph Italia, which were specifically selected for biofumigation purposes. There is also a range of vegetable formulas manufactured with patented bio -refinery production methods. For more information: www.triumphitalia.com

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

FRIDAY, 10:00am - 10:20am

INDUSTRY SHOWCASE

HeadsUp Plant Protectants Inc. Joe Dutcheshen

HeadsUp® Seed Treatment ..... Disease Early Warning for Healthier Crops

HeadsUp Plant Protectants Inc. Kamsack, SK, Canada

Heads Up® is a patented proprietary composition based on naturally occurring plant extracted biochemicals. Unique biochemicals that have been selected, concentrated and enhanced to produce the unique desired effect of eliciting specific systemic plant defense pathways. Six years of testing and developing the formulation of the product have resulted in a market ready SAR product called HeadsUp®. Studies have shown Heads Up® while not being active on the disease itself acts in a different manner known as Systemic Acquired Resistance ( SAR). Once treated, the plant itself inhibits the disease through its own defense mechanisms. Our product, "HeadsUp®", is a natural source plant defense "activator". Our work has shown that this defense activation can be beneficial in controlling several types of fungal and bacterial diseases. We are still finding new uses for the product and have received EPA registration as a Reduced Risk Biological Pesticide. our product will be valuable to many field and horticultural crops both organic and conventionally grown. After three years of vigorous testing Heads Up is now licensed to Bayer CropScience for agricultural seed treatments in the Unites States. HeadsUp® is a water soluble, stable, dry powder that is safe for the user and to the environment.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

CLOSING PLENARY

FRIDAY, 11:00am - 11:45am

Social aspects of biopesticides Élisabeth Gauthier: An M.Sc. graduate from McGill University in Food Science, Élisabeth Gauthier has worked at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada since 1987, in research and science communications roles. Fascinated by the increasing number and importance of controversies surrounding agri-food technologies, she completed a PhD in 2007 in Sociology at Université du Québec à Montréal. As a research sociologist, she now works on how various agri-food risks and technologies are represented by the media and understood by citizens. Abstract: Social aspects of biopesticides Considerable effort has been invested around the world to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture. This scientific and financial effort is aimed at improving occupational health for farmers, protecting the environment and of course meeting consumers’ demand for pesticide-free foods. Élisabeth Gauthier Half a century after the publishing of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, synthetic pesticides remain one Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada of the dietary risks most feared by the public. One might assume that citizens will necessarily Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada welcome any attempt to reduce their use. Is it the case? Drawing from an abundant literature on citizens’ perception of agri-food and green technologies, and from recent work, this conference will explore citizens’ views of pest management in agriculture. What does the terminology (e.g., the prefix “bio” (life) and suffix “pesticide”) convey to them? How do they understand the information that experts make available to them? How are they influenced by their conceptions of nature and science? The answers to these questions raise several new challenges to all those interested in replacing synthetic pesticides with greener alternatives.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER LIST NAME

AFFILIATION – COUNTRY

ABSTRACT

Back, Matthew

Harper Adams University College - United Kingdom

Báez, Maria Elena

Unversidad Autonoma de Sinaloa - Mexico

Bailey, Karen

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada - Canada

Boyetchko, Susan

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada - Canada

Eder, Reinhard

Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA - Switzerland

Hynes Russell

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre - Canada

Infantino, Allesandro

Plant Pathology Research Centre - Italy

Johnson, Charles

Virginia Tech, Southern Piedmont AREC - United States

10. Kruger, Niel

Terason - South Africa

12. Lazzeri, Luca

CRA-CIN - Italy

13. Mann, Ross

Department of Primary Industries - Australia

14. Michel, Vincent

Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW - Switzerland

15. Nelson, Louise

University of British Columbia - Canada

16. Riches, David

Department of Primary Industries - Australia

17. Robideau, Gregg

Carleton University - Canada

18. Scroble, Cassie

Department of Primary Industries/La Trobe University - Australia

19. Taheri, Ahmad Esmaeili

University of Saskatchewan - Canada

20. Villalta, Oscar

Department of Primary Industries - Australia

21. Vujanovic, Vladimir

University of Saskatchewan- Canada

22. Wite, Denise

Department of Primary Industries - Australia

23. Xue, Allen

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada - Canada

24. Yang, Chao

University of Saskatchewan - Canada

25. Zhang, Jinxiu

Pest Management Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada - Canada

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

In-vitro and glasshouse studies to assess the efficacy of brassica residues for the reduction of potato cyst nematode infestations

Matthew Back Harper Adams University College Newport, United Kingdom

Authors: M Back*, L Hardy, K Alford, N Anderson-Nobles, and J Rooke Harper Adams University College, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom Correspondence: mback@harper-adams.ac.uk

Abstract: In-vitro and glasshouse studies to assess the efficacy of brassica residues for the reduction of potato cyst nematode infestations Potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) are considered to be the most important pests of potatoes in the UK, causing annual losses in excess of £50 million. Management of these organisms poses a significant challenge to potato growers due to the lack of resistant varieties (particularly for G. pallida) and the threat to the limited number of chemical control measures by proposed changes in EU legislation. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement for new management methods such as biofumigation to be developed and validated. Biofumigation is a method, which essentially exploits a natural biological process to produce biocidal volatile products such as isothiocynates, thiocynates and nitriles. In vitro assays were developed to assess the effect of dried mustard meal (Brassica juncea) upon juvenile mortality and the hatching of encysted eggs of G. pallida. In this experiment, concentrations of mustard meal of 5.208 g l-1 caused a 52% increase in juvenile mortality when compared to the control. A concentration of 10.416 g l-1 resulted in 100% mortality. Cumulative nematode hatch was also significantly reduced (P<0.001) following the exposure of nematode cysts to a range of concentrations of mustard meal extract (1.302-10416 g l-1). Glasshouse experiments were conducted to examine the effects of growing and incorporating caliente mustard (Brassica juncea) on the invasion of potato roots by G. pallida. Improved maceration of caliente mustard prior to incorporation resulted in a significant reduction (P<0.001) in the number of juveniles recovered from the roots of potato plants.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Maria Elena Báez

POSTER ABSTRACT

Transcriptomic analysis of the Alternaria alternata response to the toxic effect of the natural fungicide 2-Propenyl-Isothiocyanate

Unversidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacan, Mexico

Authors: María Elena Báez3, Barry Pryor2, Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas1, María Islas-Osuna1, Marisela Rivera-Domínguez1 and Martin-Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández1. 1

Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria km 0.6. Colonia Ejido la Victoria. P.O. Box 1735, Hermosillo Son., 83000. México. 2

Department of Plant Sciences. Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology. University of Arizona. P.O. Box 210036 Tucson AZ, USA. 3

Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán Sin., México.

Abstract: Transcriptomic analysis of the Alternaria alternata response to the toxic effect of the natural fungicide 2-Propenyl-Isothiocyanate Fungi infections are one of the most important causes of postharvest fruit and vegetable losses. The control of fungal infections in vegetables is mainly carried out by using fungicides. However, the ability of fungi in developing resistance to either synthetic or natural fungicides highlights the need to elucidate the molecular basis of these phenomena. This knowledge will allow developing environmentally friendly strategies for fungi control. We had studied fungal tolerance to natural compounds using the model Alternaria alternata and 2-propenyl-isothiocyanate (2-pITC). With the goal to isolate genes induced by 2p-ITC, a forward suppressive subtractive hybridization procedure was carried out using cDNA from A. alternata ITC treated as “tester” and cDNA from the untreated fungus as “driver”. As a result, a 245 EST’s library was constructed, resulting in 124 sequences after the assembly (40 contigs and 84 singletons). Bioinformatic analysis (Blastx algorithm) revealed that 38 and 40% of the sequences showed significant similarity to diverse fungal known and hypothetical proteins, respectively, while 18% of the sequences did not show significant similarity to known genes. Gene ontology was used to distribute the contigs and singletons among the main GO categories by the program Blast2GO. This tool provided GO terms for 46% of the sequences set, assigning 42% to biological processes, 40% to molecular functions and 18% to cellular component. Out of the 2p-ITC induced genes found, the expression of six of them (opsin, Ca++ATPase, SNOG protein, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase, EFhand protein, and ABC transporter), were evaluated by real time RT-PCR analysis using the comparative CT method. The analysis was carried out at 0.5, 1, 2 and 12 hours after 2p-ITC exposure. The statistical analysis of the expression results performed by the relative expression software tool, revealed a significantly (p<0.05) higher fold change for the ABC transporter (95.8) and the Ca++ATPase (6.24) at 0.5 and 1 hour of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that the fungal resistance phenotype to 2p-ITC could involve calcium ion and 2p-ITC efflux by an ABC transporter.

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2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

Pre-emergent dandelion control in turf with Phoma macrostoma Karen Bailey Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon SK, Canada

Authors: K.L. Bailey, J. Derby, S. Falk, S. Lombardo, M. Melzer, and G.J. Boland Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada; (S.F and S.L.) The Scotts Company,14310 Scottslawn Road, Marysville, OH 43041, USA; (M.M. and G.J.B.) Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Correspondence: Karen.Bailey@agr.gc.ca

Abstract: Pre-emergent dandelion control in turf with Phoma macrostoma Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber ex F.H. Wigg.) is a common weed problem in turf. Germinating seedlings are highly susceptible to the fungus Phoma macrostoma (Montagne), which causes them to turn white (photobleaching) and die. The objective was to determine the least effective rate of this pathogen as a bioherbicide for pre-emergent control of dandelion. Phoma macrostoma was formulated as a granule for broadcast application, with 1X representing the nominal recommended application rate. It was applied at 4X, 2X, 1X, ½X, ¼X, 1/8X, and 0X (nontreated control), with a mixture of grass and dandelion seeds. Trials were conducted as a RCBD with four replications at five sites in Canada and one in the USA over two years. Dandelion control (%) was calculated using Abbotts’ transformation relative to the nontreated control. At rates greater than 1X, 100% dandelion control was attained in all trials. There was effective dandelion control (>60%) in 91% of the trials at the 1X rate and in 71% of trials at the ½X rate. Control of dandelion seedlings lasted throughout the season. Control was ineffective (<60%) at lower rates. We conclude that a pre-emergent bioherbicide was effective at the 1X application rate to reduce the dandelion seed bank and prevent dandelion establishment. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Susan Boyetchko

POSTER ABSTRACT

Assessment of bacterial antagonists for control of Phytophthora infestans causing postharvest storage disease of potato

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Authors: P. Audy,1*, S.M. Boyetchko2, C. Le Floch-Fouéré3, and K. Sawchyn2. 1

Soils and Crops Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, QC G1V 2J3, Canada (email: Patrice.audy@agr.gc.ca); 2

Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada; and

Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253, F-35000 Rennes, France Correspondence: sue.boyetchko@agr.gc.ca

Abstract: Assessment of bacterial antagonists for control of Phytophthora infestans causing postharvest storage disease of potato Potato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the world’s single most economically important food crop disease. Postharvest diseases can originate from preharvest latent infections due to wounds made during harvesting and fruit/ tuber handling which can then succumb to significant decay and rot during storage. The last two decades have seen an increased interest in exploiting microbial antagonists as biopesticides to control postharvest diseases. Over 50 bacterial strains evaluated produced secondary metabolites that exhibited various degrees of antifungal activity against both A1 and A2 mating types using in vitro bioassays. Bacterial supernatant incorporated into agar (50%, v/v) was used to measure the strength of the inhibition and/or suppression of mycelial growth of P. infestans. The majority of the bacterial strains exhibited near complete inhibition of mycelial growth of both mating types, despite the solubility of the secondary metabolites in agar. Nine strains were further selected for in vivo testing using detached potato leaves by first dipping in a 24 h bacterial culture suspension, followed 24 h later by dipping in a suspension of P. infestans (1000 zoospores/ml) and incubating in the dark for six days. Preliminary results indicated that two bacterial strains delayed the progression of disease by A1 mating type, while five bacterial strains delayed disease progression by A2. There are promising bacteria for biological control, however, experimental conditions favored the pathogen and disease progression, including optimum environmental conditions for the disease, susceptibility of the potato cultivar, and pathogen inoculum. Further evaluation of bacteria on disease progression on potato tubers during storage while maximizing biopesticidal activity will be conducted. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

Control of Meloidogyne spp. with biofumigation pellets under Swiss greenhouse conditions

Reinhard Eder Federal Department of Economic Affairs DEA Wädenswil, Switzerland

Authors: R. Eder, I. Roth, V. Michel and S. Kiewnick. Research Station Agroscope Changins-Waedenswil ACW, Plant Protection and Extension Fruit and Vegetables. Schloss 1, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland and (V. M.) Research Station Agroscope Changins-Waedenswil ACW, Research Centre Conthey (VS), Route des Vergers 18, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland Correspondence: reinhard.eder@acw.admin.ch

Abstract: Control of Meloidogyne spp. with biofumigation pellets under Swiss greenhouse conditions In Switzerland, and in particular in protected cultivation of high value crops, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are causing damage and yield losses. Commonly used methods to control Meloidogyne spp. are chemical soil disinfestation by Dazomet or soil steaming in organic production systems. Biofumigation can be utilized as alternative control method either as the classical approach by incorporating fresh plant material or by applying pellets (made of defatted mustard seed meal). As the use of pellets as organic fertilizer avoids the need for growing and incorporating large amounts of biomass, it allows the utilization of biofumigation in protected cultivation systems. In pot experiments conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions incorporation of pellets into the substrate suppressed damage and reproduction of Meloidogyne arenaria on tomato plants. On-farm greenhouse trials showed varying effects after soil incorporation of 25 kg pellets/ha. Soil treatment in February did not show an effect on nematode damage after one season of Tomato planted in March. Pellets applied in September before planting of Chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) reduced the root galling, but had no effects on the final soil population density of Meloidogyne spp. when compared to untreated soil. Future research will focus on how to incorporate biofumigation by pellet-application into integrated and organic strategies to control root-knot nematodes under protected cultivation in Switzerland. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

Natural insecticides from peas Russell Hynes Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Authors: Russell K. Hynes1, Paul G. Fields2 and Wesley G. Taylor1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1 Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, SK 2 Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Allesandro Infantino

POSTER ABSTRACT

Use of biofumigation for the control of soilborne fungal diseases in Italy

Plant Pathology Research Centre Rome, Italy

Authors: A. Infantino1, A. Santori1, S. Mocali2 and L. Lazzeri3 1

Plant Pathology Research Centre, Via C. G. Bertero, 22,I-00156, Roma, Italy

Agrobiology and Pedology Research Centre, P.zza Massimo D'Azeglio, 30, I-5012, Firenze, Italy

Industrial Crop Research Centre, Via di Corticella, 133, I-40128, Bologna, Italy

Correspondence: alessandro.infantino@entecra.it

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

Charles Johnson Virginia Tech, Southern Piedmont AREC Blackstone VA, United States

Comparison of mustard meal with standard soil fumigants for nematode and disease control for tobacco and strawberry

Authors: C.S. Johnson1, and Jay Robsinson2. 1

Virginia Tech, Southern Piedmont AREC, Blackstone, VA 23824 MPT Mustard Products & Technologies, Inc., Saskatoon, Canada, S7N 4N1

Abstract: Comparison of mustard meal with standard soil fumigants for nematode and disease control for tobacco and strawberry Many flue-cured tobacco farmers remain dependent upon soil fumigants to maintain profitability, and the practice remains a critical component of the annual plasticulture system used by most strawberry producers in Virginia. Interest in alternatives to traditional soil fumigants has increased as registration of non-fumigant nematicides has been withdrawn and regulation of soil fumigants has increased. Field research was initiated in 2010 to evaluate the potential of biofumigation with mustard meal (MM) as an alternative to current standard products for nematode and soil-borne disease control in tobacco and strawberry. Experiments were arranged using a randomized complete block design with four or six replications for the tobacco and strawberry experiments, respectively. Control of a tobacco cyst nematode (Globodera tabacum solanacearum – Gts) was evaluated at the Virginia Tech Southern Piedmont AREC (SPAREC) by comparing nematode reproduction and tobacco productivity among an untreated control, several standard soil fumigants and 250, 500, 750, or 1200 lb/A of MM. Population densities of Gts after final harvest were highest in plots fumigated with Pic+. Significantly lower Gts populations were associated with Telone II, Telone C-17, Vapam, and all rates of MM except the 500 lb/A rate. Phytotoxicity was observed in the MM-treated plots early in the growing season, but the frequency of such symptoms was usually statistically similar for Telone II. Plant vigor and uniformity appeared similar among all treatments. Yields were highest for Vapam, Pic+, and Telone C-17, with statistically “similar” yields also for the 1,200 and 500 lb/A rates of MM and for Telone II. Yields for the 250 and 750 lb/A rates of MM were similar to the untreated control. Gross economic returns for the 500 and 1,200 lb/A rates of MM were also statistically “similar” to Telone C-17 and Pic+, which were the highest in the experiment. Strawberry growth and production were also compared among an untreated control, methyl bromide (MBr), Inline, Vapam HL, and four rates of MM (500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 lb/A). Monthly subjective vigor ratings collected from November 2010 to April 2011 associated the greatest vigor with use of MBr and Inline, as well as the 2,000 and 1,500 lb/A rates of MM, although these differences were not always statistically significant. Use of 500 or 1,000 lb/A MM were associated with plant vigor at or below that of the untreated control. The number of crowns/plant near first bloom was highest for MBr, followed by Inline and the 2,000 and 1,500 lb/A rates of MM. Crown numbers/plant in soil treated with Vapam or the 1,000 or 500 lb/A rates of MM were numerically higher than the untreated control, but these apparent differences were not statistically significant. Marketable yield at the end of May was highest for MBr and Inline. Yields for the 1,500 and 2,000 lb/A rates of MM were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher than the control, while yields associated with the 500 and 1,000 lb/A rates of MM were statistically similar to (and numerically intermediate between) Vapam and the untreated control. Incorporation of MM appears to represent a promising alternative to current standard soil fumigants for cyst nematode control in tobacco and to enhance strawberry growth and yield in annual plasticulture systems. 2011 field research is either initiated or planned to validate 2010 results. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#10

Niel Kruger

POSTER ABSTRACT

The role of cover crops in supressing plant-parasitic nematodes in vineyards

Terason Somerset West, Western Cape, South Africa

Authors: Niel Kruger¹, Johan Fourie2, and Antoinette Malan³ 1

Terason, P O Box 1854, Somerset West 7129, South Africa, niel@terason.co.za

ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5029, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa, fouriej@arc.agric.za

Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University,

Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa, apm@sun.ac.za

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#12

Luca Lazzeri

POSTER ABSTRACT

Biofumigants plant and materials in nematode containing both in conventional and organic farming

Industrial Crop Research Centre CRA-CIN Bologna, Italy

Authors: G. Curto1, L. Malaguti2, E. Della Valle2, and L. Lazzeri2 1

Plant Protection Service, Servizio Fitosanitario Regione Emilia-Romagna, via di

Saliceto n.81, 40128 Bologna (Italy) e-mail: gcurto@regione.emilia-romagna.it 2

Industrial Crop Research Centre (CRA-CIN) Via di Corticella, 133, I-40128, Bologna, Italy

Correspondence: luca.lazzeri@entecra.it

Abstract: Biofumigants plant and materials in Nematode containing both in conventional and organic farming The use of Brassicaceae biocidal green manure crops (e.g., Raphanus sativus ssp oleiformis and Eruca sativa ssp oleiformis) is an agronomic technique for the control of several nematodes including Heterodera schachtii and Meloidogyne incognita studied in Italy for several years. Recently, these crops have been extensively applied in horticulture rotations as a non chemical alternative to chemical fumigants. In addition, the possibility of producing a formulation based on Brassicaceae defatted seed meals by a patented procedures has been developed for an application in alternative or in synergy with biofumigant green manure. These meals are able to amend soils with organic matter able to release, after irrigation, nematicidal volatile compounds derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of endogenous glucosinolates of which effects on nematodes will be reported and discussed. Finally, the application of new liquid materials for distribution by drip irrigation as a treatment during plant cultivation opens new perspectives for a whole organic and low environmental impact nematode control that is linked even on a clear biostimulating effect on new root production. The synergic application of these natural compounds year after year can maximize the containing effect of biofumigation and can offer the farmer a new option even for eradication of the infection. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#13

Evaluating the mycofumigant potential of the fungal endophyte, Nodulisporium sp.

Ross Mann Department of Primary Industries Bundoora, Victoria, Australia

Authors: R.C. Mann1,2, S.W. Mattner1, D. Allen3, S.J. Rochfort1,4, J. Edwards1,4, T.I. Sawbridge1,4, I.J. Porter1,4 and G.C. Spangenberg1,4 1

Department of Primary Industries, Biosciences Research Division, Bundoora Victoria, Australia

La Trobe University, Botany Department, Bundoora Victoria, Australia

Department of Primary Industries, Future Farming Systems Research Division, Werribee, Victoria, Australia 4

La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.

Correspondance: Ross.Mann@dpi.vic.gov.au, ph: +61 3 9210 9249

Abstract: Evaluating the mycofumigant potential of the fungal endophyte, Nodulisporium sp. Soil mycofumigation is an emerging tool in disease management, which utilises volatile allelochemicals produced by fungi to control soilborne phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, weeds and insect pests. The process evolved following the discovery of the endophytic fungus Muscodor albus, which was isolated from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon tree) in Hondurus and found to produce a suite of volatile biocidal metabolites that act synergistically to control a wide range of phytopathogens and pests. Endophytic microbes represent an excellent source of novel bioprotectant and mycofumigant metabolites due to the biological niche they occupy. Endophytes reside in the tissues of living plants where they frequently form symbiotic relationships with their plant host. The endophyte can confer increased fitness to the host, often through the production of bioprotectant defence metabolites, while the host provides the benefits of a protected environment and nutriment to the endophyte. Our research has led to the isolation of the endophytic fungus Nodulisporium sp. from Lomatia fraserii, which produced volatile metabolites with broad-spectrum biocidal activity against phytopathogenic fungi, weeds and insects. Additional bioassays also confirmed the bioactivity of Nodulisporium sp. in soil, at rates similar to commercial fumigants (> 5 g / L). The volatile metabolome of Nodulisporium sp. was profiled using GC-MS which detected 34 distinct metabolites. The majority of metabolites were structurally related to known biocides such as mono- and sesqui- terpenes (eg. eucalyptol) and the aromatic ketone acetophenone (eg. benzohydrazide). Finally, the genome of Nodulisporium sp. was sequenced to assist in the identification of genes regulating the production of key terpene compounds. This is the first study to combine applied and omics research to comprehensively evaluate the mycofumigant potential of a biocidal endophytic fungus.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#14

POSTER ABSTRACT

Interaction of biocidal green manures and soil types Vincent Michel Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW Conthey, Switzerland

Authors: V. Michel1, and L. Lazzeri2 1

Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, CH-1964, Conthey, Switzerland

CRA – CIN Research Center for Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella, 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy

Correspondence: vincent.michel@acw.admin.ch

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#15

Louise Nelson University of British Columbia Kelowna, BC, Canada

Efficacy of two rhizobacterial antagonists for control of postharvest decay of apples under laboratory and commercial conditions in British Columbia Authors: D.L. Mantyka1, D. Hirkala2 and L.M. Nelson1* 1

Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada 2

Okanagan Tree Fruit Cooperative, Quality Development Lab, 9751 Bottom Lake Road, Winfield, British Columbia, Canada Correspondence: louise.nelson@ubc.ca

Abstract: Efficacy of two rhizobacterial antagonists for control of postharvest decay of apples under laboratory and commercial conditions in British Columbia Fungal decay during postharvest storage of apples leads to significant losses and is caused primarily by Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea. Microbial antagonists are promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides, but only one microbial agent has been registered for postharvest use on apples in Canada. Rhizobacteria exhibiting fungal suppressive properties and adapted to cold climates may be a potential source of novel control agents. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of two antagonistic isolates from Saskatchewan soils for control of postharvest pathogens under controlled atmosphere (CA) or air storage in British Columbia. Apple varieties Gala, Ambrosia and Jonagold were wounded and inoculated by drenching with 1 x 104 spores/ml of pathogens P. expansum or B. cinerea alone (controls) or in combination with 1 x 108 CFU/ml Pseudomonas fluorescens antagonists 4-6, 1-112, a 1:1 mixture of the two antagonists, 1.59 mg/ml of the registered biocontrol agent, BioSave (Jet-Harvest, FL, USA) or 0.3 mg/ml of the registered fungicide, fludioxonil. The apples were stored at 1-2°C in air or in commercial CA storage. Disease incidence and lesion diameter were measured at 4-week intervals. The antagonists 4-6 and 1-112, BioSave and fludioxonil significantly reduced disease severity compared to the controls after up to 8 months in CA storage. While neither of the antagonists was as effective as the fungicide fludioxonil under air storage, they showed promise for comparable control of postharvest decay under CA storage and were as effective as the commercial biocontrol, BioSave under air storage.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#16

David Riches

POSTER ABSTRACT

In Vitro antifungal activity of volatiles from biofumigant brassicas against soilborne pathogens of vegetables

Department of Primary Industries Ferntree Gully DC, Victoria, Australia

Authors: 1 D. Riches, 1O.N. Villalta, 1D. Wite, 2J. Kirkegaard, 1S.W. Mattner, 1C.A. Scoble, 1E.C. Donald, and 1I. J. Porter 1

Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 15, Ferntree Gully DC, Vic 3156, Australia

CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

Correspondence: david.riches@dpi.vic.gov.au

Abstract: In Vitro antifungal activity of volatiles from biofumigant brassicas against soilborne pathogens of vegetables A laboratory method was used to assess the antifungal potential of 10 Brassica biofumigants, newly available to the Australian industry, for control of four major soilborne pathogens of vegetables (Sclerotinia minor, Rhizoctonia. solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium dissotocum). Different quantities of freeze-dried shoot and root tissue of the biofumigants were compared for their ability to reduce the survival of mycelium of the four pathogens in vapour-exposure bioassays conducted in-vitro. Biofumigants reduced the viability of mycelium of pathogens by up to 100%, depending on species, dose and tissue type. Analysis of glucosinolate (GSL) content showed the Brassica tissues that were the most antifungal in the bioassays had high levels of sinigrin (2-propenyl GSL). Sinigrin hydrolyses to the volatile 2-propenyl isothiocyanate (ITC) and we hypothesise that this chemical species was the most active in suppressing or killing mycelium of the pathogens in the bioassays. Generally, shoot tissues were more effective than root tissues in suppressing pathogens, and contained up to seven-fold higher concentrations of sinigrin. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated with greater quantities of Brassica tissue increasing the biocidal activity against pathogens. The results will be discussed in relation to selection and field evaluation of Brassicas for ITC-based soil biofumigation in vegetable production.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#17

Gregg Robideau Carleton University Ottawa, ON Canada

Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Canada, and ECORC, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Canada

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#18

Cassie Scroble

POSTER ABSTRACT

Control of soil-borne diseases of vegetables using plant-derived volatiles as soil treatments

Department of Primary Industries/ La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria, Australia

Authors: 1,2 C.A. Scoble, 2K.M. Plummer, 1,2J. Porter, 1D. Wite, 1D. Riches, 1O.N Villalta and 1 E.C. Donald 1

Department of Primary Industries, 621 Burwood Hwy, Knoxfield, Victoria, 3156, Australia

Botany Department, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia

Correspondence: cassie.scoble@dpi.vic.gov.au

Abstract: Control of soil-borne diseases of vegetables using plant-derived volatiles as soil treatments Soil-borne diseases such as those caused by Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum, root rots (Fusarium spp., Pythium, Rhizoctonia spp.) and clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) were identified by industry as the key major constraints to vegetable production in Australia. Preliminary in-vitro studies previously identified thyme, clove bud and origanum oils as the most effective of 22 essential oils screened against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani AG2.1, S. minor and Pythium spp. Pot studies were used to confirm the potential of these oils as pre-plant soil treatments for disease control. In potting mix inoculated with R. solani (AG2-1), broccoli seedling emergence was significantly (P<0.001) higher when treated with a number of treatments; clove bud oil, origanum oil and thyme oil as 5% aqueous emulsions (33 ml/l of potting mix), and, a mustard and neem blend, Fumafert® (1000 kg/ha), compared to untreated controls and a low rate of the standard soil fumigant dazomet (200 kg/ha). Two field trials were subsequently conducted using commercially blended products. Two mustard oil products (ECO-V and Vigor® applied at 50 L/ha) showed promise as pre-plant soil treatments by reducing (P<0.001) root rot severity in green beans from 4.0 to 3.3 (0-5 scale). This level of control was equivalent to that of dazomet applied at 500 kg/ha. This study highlights a need for further field evaluation of plant volatile products to optimise dosage and method of application to improve retention of volatiles in the soil and disease control.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#19

Ahmad Esmaeili Taheri

Foliar fungicide application on chickpea impacts fungal biocontrol agents associated with the roots of a subsequent durum wheat crop

University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Authors: A. Esmaeili Taheri1,2, C. Hamel2, Y. Gan2 and V. Vujanovic*1 1

Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada 2

Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2, Canada

Correspondence: Vladimir.Vujanovic@usask.ca

Abstract: Foliar fungicide application on chickpea impacts fungal biocontrol agents associated with the roots of a subsequent durum wheat crop Chickpea is a high value rotation crop for wheat-based agroecosystems in Saskatchewan. Ascochyta blight is a common foliar disease of chickpea which dictates the use of intense foliar fungicide applications throughout the growing season. We evaluated the effect of the chemical control of Ascochyta blight on the fungal community associated with the roots of a durum wheat crop following chickpea in rotation. The field experiment was conducted in Swift Current, SK in a complete randomized block design, to test treatment effects on fungi associated with the roots of durum wheat over two years. Quantitative plate culture combined with PCR-based species identification using multiple primer sets (internal transcribed spacer, large subunit, small subunit, and translation elongation factor-1 alpha) as well as 454 pyrosequencing were applied to monitor changes in fungal community. Different multivariate and univariate statistical analyses of the fungal frequency data revealed that the chemical control of Ascochyta blight reduced the abundance of most fungal species including mycoparasitic species of Bionectria and Trichoderma. In contrast, the root pathogens Fusarium culmorum and Gaeumannomyces graminis were more abundant where fungicides were applied. The chemical control of Ascochyta blight in chickpea can degrade soil biological quality, with possible impact on the health of a wheat crop following in rotation. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#20

Oscar Villalta

POSTER ABSTRACT

The potential of biofumigant and green manure crops as a tool to manage soilborne diseases in vegetable production

Department of Primary Industries Knoxfield, Victoria , Australia

Authors: O.N. Villalta, E.C.Donald , C.A. Scoble, D. Wite, D. Riches, S. Mattner, D. Allen, J. E. Kirkegaard, and I.J.Porter Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Knoxfield and Werribee, Victoria Correspondence: oscar.villalta@dpi.vic.gov.au

Abstract: The potential of biofumigant and green manure crops as a tool to manage soilborne diseases in vegetable production Soilborne pathogens including Sclerotinia, Pythium, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia spp. cause significant crop losses in Australian vegetable production. Effective management of these diseases is difficult due to the persistence of the pathogens in soil and a lack of effective registered chemistries. Crop rotation and biofumigation was investigated as a potential IPM compatible disease mitigation strategy for the vegetable industry. Biofumigants were screened using in-vitro split plate bioassays for their ability to inhibit the growth of mycelium of the four genera of pathogens. Caliente 199™ was the most effective biofumigant treatment in-vitro, significantly reducing growth of S. minor, P. dissotocum (complex), F. oxysporum and R. solani and killing mycelium of these pathogens at the highest rate 0.5 g/plate. BQ Mulch™ also inhibited growth of all pathogens, but was not biocidal. Mustclean™ was inhibitory only to P. dissotocum (complex) at the highest rate used. Field trials were established to compare these biofumigants with grass, legume, cereal and bare fallow rotations. Brassica shoots were collected from replicated field trials immediately prior to incorporation (80 % flowering) and analysed for glucosinolate levels using HPLC. Caliente 199™ had the highest average concentration of shoot GSL (2-propenyl) across all field sites. In the trial at Lindenow, the biofumigants Mustclean™ and Caliente 199™ were more effective than BQ Mulch™ significantly (P≤0.05) reducing the severity of root rots in a subsequent green bean crop compared to a cereal (triticale) break crop. In a second trial soil amendment with Caliente 199™ significantly (P≤0.05) increased the fresh weight of spring onions compared to cereal (oats and rye-corn) break crops. In both trials the legume faba bean was as effective. Biofumigation increased grower gross margin by up to $Aus1880/ha compared with fallow, and by up to $Aus1070/ha compared with a triticale rotation. These preliminary results indicate potential benefits for Australian vegetable cropping systems and warrant further investigation. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#21

Vladimir Vujanovic

Biocontrol of Fusarium species complex using pathogen-specific Sphaerodes mycoparasitica

University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada

Author: V. Vujanovic Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Canada and (V.V.) AFIF Chair in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioproducts, Department of Food and Bioproducts Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Canada Correspondence: vladimir.vujanovic@usask.ca

Abstract: Biocontrol of Fusarium species complex using pathogen-specific Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Sphaerodes mycoparasitica Vujanovic is a groundbreaking discovery in the efficient biocontrol of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). S. mycoparasitica SMCD* 2220 biotrophism, or specificity to Fusarium pathogens, ensures the eco-friendly nature of the biocontrol product. Its impact is two-fold: it helps the bioeconomy by preventing multi-billion dollar losses from FHB damage to the cereal industry; and it helps the agro-ecosystems by minimising the accumulation of mycotoxins. In this study, we described the morpho-structural and behavioural features related to S. mycoparasitica’s efficiency, including its specificity— an evolutionary adaptation or ability to control Fusarium species. The discovery required optimization of several modern approaches, including PCR, pyrosequencing, qRT-PCR, DGGE, fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and proteomic tools. The phylogeny, interaction, co-evolution, and attack mechanisms of S. mycoparasitica on F. graminearum including mycotoxigenic 3- and 15acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotypes, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, and F. equiseti have been elucidated. With the Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) permission, the efficacy of S. mycoparasitica against FHB and mycotoxins was tested and proved on wheat and barley in phytotron, greenhouse, and field (AAFC-Melfort and UofS-Saskatoon) trials. Best efficacy was achieved using a SMCD 2220 liquid formulation of 105 CFU/mL. The biofungicide’s application reduced FHB by an average of 61.2% and DON by 89.2%; and increased yield by 37.6% in the cereal field tests compared to untreated control. The author is thankful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)-Discovery grant; and to the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture (SMA)-Agriculture Development Fund (ADF) for their financial support. *SMCD: Saskatchewan Microbial Collection and Database NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#22

POSTER ABSTRACT

Susceptibility of biofumigant and green manure crops to Sclerotinia Denise Wite Department of Primary Industries Ferntree Gully DC, Victoria, Australia

Authors: 1 D. Wite, 1O.N. Villalta, 2J. Ghiano, 1E.C. Donald, 1C.A. Scoble, 1D. Riches, 1J. Edwards, and 1I.J. Porter 1

Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 15, Ferntree Gully DC, Vic 3156, Australia.

Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Argentina.

Correspondence: denise.wite@dpi.vic.gov.au

Abstract: Susceptibility of biofumigant and green manure crops to Sclerotinia Adoption of biofumigant and green manure crops in the vegetable industry in Australia is being affected by lack of knowledge about the susceptibility of these crops to key soilborne pathogens such as Sclerotinia spp.. which would carry over disease to the subsequent vegetable crop. This has become extremely important as these crops are also seen as a major source of organic matter to improve soil health. Therefore, this study investigated the susceptibility of newly-available biofumigant and other cover/green manure crops to S. minor and S. sclerotiorum, and the biomass production of these crops under field conditions. In a pot trial, pulverized tissue of field-grown biofumigant and cover crops were added to soils artificially inoculated with S. minor, and used to grow green beans. The results showed that incorporation of macerated oats into inoculated soils reduced emergence of bean seedlings to Sclerotinia by 60% compared to the inoculated control. The differerent macerated legume and Brassica green manure crops varied in their effect with emergence greater (ie. 95%) with Nemfix compared to that (ie 60%) in soils amended with Radish Sativus. In contrast to laboratory studies, in field trials conducted at two sites where Sclerotinia spp. were endemic, the incidence of Sclerotinia diseases on biofumigant and green manure crops was low and did not affect biomass production of the biofumigant crop. The factors influencing the susceptibility of biofumigant and other green manure crops to Sclerotinia and the prospects for reducing their susceptibility will be discussed. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#23

Concentration and cultivar effects on efficacy of CLO-1 biofungicide in controlling Fusarium head blight of wheat

Allen Xue Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada

Authors: A.G. Xue1*, Y. Chen1, H.D. Voldeng1, G. Fedak1, M.E. Savard1, T. Längle2, J.X. Zhang2, G. Harman3, and G. Genge4. 1

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; 2

Pest Management Centre, AAFC, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada;

Department of Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY14456-0462, USA; and 4

ICUS Canada, Building 1A Unit 303, King’s Bridge Court, St. John’s, NL A1C 2R2, Canada

*Correspondence: allen.xue@agr.gc.ca Abstract: Concentration and cultivar effects on efficacy of CLO-1 biofungicide in controlling Fusarium head blight of wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat. This research was to examine the effect of concentration and cultivar on the efficacy of CLO-1, a formulated product of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941, in controlling FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in wheat. Seven concentrations of CLO-1, ranging from 104 to 108 CFU/mL, were tested for the control of FHB and significant effects observed for concentrations at or above 8 x 106 cfu/mL in the greenhouse trials or 3 x 106 cfu/mL in field trials. In the greenhouse, CLO-1 reduced the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) by 65-83%, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) by 68-92%, and DON by 51-95%. Under the field conditions, the biofungicide reduced FHB index by 30-46%, FDK by 31-39%, and DON by 22-33%. These effects were less but not significantly different from those of the registered fungicide Folicur® (tebuconazole) used in these trials. CLO-1 and the fungicide were applied to the wheat cultivars AC Foremost, Quantum, and AC Nass, representing highly susceptible, intermediate and moderate resistance (the highest level of resistance commercially available) reactions to FHB, respectively, in field trials in 2009 and 2010. The biofungicide was most effective on the moderately resistant cultivar AC Nass and least effective on the highly susceptible cultivar AC Foremost. Results of this study suggest that CLO-1 is a promising biocontrol product for managing FHB on wheat.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

#24

Chao Yang

POSTER ABSTRACT

Sampling time and genotype effects on the rhizosphere bacterial community of chickpea

University of Saskatchewan Swift Current, SK, Canada

Authors: C. Yang*, C. Hamel, Y.T. Gan and V. Vujanovic Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, AAFC, Swift Current, SK, Canada and (C.Y. and V.V.) Food & Bioproducts Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Correspondence: yangc@agr.gc.ca

Abstract: Sampling time and genotype effects on the rhizosphere bacterial community of chickpea Late harvest time in chickpea fields may have unexpected effects on the chickpea rhizosphere bacteria compared with other early harvested legume crops such as yellow pea. Molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction with bar-coded primers– 454 GS FLX amplicon pyrosequencing) were used to test the effects of two different sampling times on the rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with three chickpea cultivars and one pea cultivar. Results showed that Chao 1 and ACE richness estimating index were significantly changed between two harvest times (P = 0.006 and 0.009, respectively), meanwhile composition of the rhizosphere bacterial communities changed with sampling times, as revealed by correspondence analysis (P < 0.001) and classification of identified bacterial phyla. Besides, genotypes of different pulse crops caused significantly changes of the diversity (ANOVA, P < 0.05) and composition of bacterial communities as well.

NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

POSTER ABSTRACT

#25

Reducing pesticide risk by integrating biopesticide tools in sustainable production systems

Jinxiu Zhang Pest Management Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada

Authors: J.X. Zhang*, T. Laengle and L. Cass. Pesticide Risk Reduction Program, Pest Management Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Cariling Ave., Ottawa, Canada Correspondence: jinxiu.zhang@agr.gc.ca

Abstract: Reducing pesticide risk by integrating biopesticide tools in sustainable production systems The Pest Management Centre (PMC) of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada was established to improve growers' access to newer, safer pesticides, and to production approaches that reduce reliance on pesticides. The Pesticide Risk Reduction Program (PRRP) of PMC focuses on delivering reduced risk pest management solutions, including biological controls and integrated approaches, for both major and minor crops. Use of biopesticides and incorperating them into IPM programs for crop pest management is a key element of the PRRP’s effort to reduce the risks to human health and the Canadian environment from pesticide use in agriculture. The PRRP consults nationally with stakeholders to select biopesticide projects to address priority pest issues on selected crops every year at the Annual Biopesticide Setting Workshop held by the PRRP in March. Support provided to priority projects ranges from regulatory support in assembling submission packages to financial support for field trials of these priority projects to generate efficacy and crop tolerance data used for new product registration or label expansion. Information about the biopesticide related activities of the PRRP of AAFC’s Pest Management Centre will be presented, along with successes achieved to date. NOTES

2011 Biofumigation & Biopesticides Symposium | Sheraton Cavalier Hotel, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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