Matthew Foreman Rep2.19 Magazine Final Attempt

FRAGMENTATION OF LIGHT Matthew Foreman, A1762656

Representation II, 2019

CONTENTS

CONTENTS PLACE Site Description 1-2 Site Analysis 3-4

LIGHT STUDY Luminosity 5-6

IDEATION Precedents 7-8 Idea Development 9-10

LIGHT STUDY Reflections 11-12

FORM Drawings 13-14 Drawings and Renders 15-16

MATERIAL Interior Renders/ Lighting Renders 17-18 Site Access/ Movement 19-20 Construction Details 21-22 Mobility Exercises 23-24

LIGHT STUDY Opacity 25-26 Filtration 27-28

SITE DESCRIPTION The Maths Lawns are located on the north eastern side of Adelaide University, city campus. The site is centralized by six buildings, Barr Smith Library, The Braggs, Santos Petroleum Engineering building, Ingkarni Wardli building; Engineering, Maths and Science Building and Molecular Life Sciences. Access is primarily from the pathways running north-west, south-east running alongside of Hub Central and also from Frome Road.

One of the functions of the lawns is for holding events, from Uni Union events to the Adelaide Fringe. The Maths Lawns are among the largest on the University Campus. Daily University student usage ranges from all types of social activities.

During the day the site is Illuminated from the sun, shadows mainly being casted in a southerly direction. In low light hours of the day, the site is lit by overhead lighting and the surrounding buildings. The trees on site provide ample shading and cooling for students during the warmer months.

Place - Site Description

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Aerial View, Looking Towards Engineering, Maths and Science Building

Perspective View of Pathway Parrellel With The Braggs Place - Site Renders

Aerial View, Looking Towards The Braggs

Perspective View of Barr Smith Library Page 2

SITE ANALYSIS

Summer 9am

The Maths Lawns have an axis from the Barr Smith Library to Frome Road in north east and south west direction, in which the surrounding buildings are aligned. This creates a visual sightline and axis to the historic Barr Smith Library from Frome Road. Another emphasis of the alignment and the clear axis of the site is the placement of the trees, which are aligned parallel to the lawns and proportionally spaced, that provides a formality to the site. Campus personnel traditionally walk along the pathways aligned with the lawns, however walking across the lawns occasionally takes place.

Site Plan

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Molecular Life Sciences The Braggs Barr Smith Library

Summer 12pm

Summer 3pm Santos Building Engineering Maths and Science Ingkarni Wardli Building Site Movement Sight Line and Axis Building Access

Place - Site Analysis and Shade Study

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Winter 9am

Winter 12pm

Winter 3pm

Place - Shade Study and Social Character

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LUMINOSITY LUMINOSITY: noun, loo-muh-nos-i-tee Definition: the state of producing or reflecting bright light; the state of appearing to shine.

Origins: 1625–35; < Latin lūminōs(us) luminous + -ity First recorded in 1400–50; late Middle English word from Latin word lūminōsus. See lumen, -ous

Philosophical Definition

1 Light Study - Luminosity

‘Luminosity’ is an important concept, involved in many Buddist traditions. In Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, the term is translated to clear light or radiant light, while in East Asian Buddhism it is translated to purity. Other english translations include Brightness,

Inner Radiance and Luminous Clarity. ‘Although it is clear that luminosity is interpreted differently according to the various Buddhist traditions, it is most often employed to describe the mind’s inherent characteristic of purity that lacks defilements such as afflictive emotions (kleśa)’1

Fluid Luminosity: The Architectural Lighting of Zaha Hadid Representation of light has been a focal point and a very important factor in the works of Zaha Hadid. Throughout her career we have seen Zaha Hadid become more expressive with her experimentation of light and form, with each development phase of her career being more ambitious than the last.

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4 3 In her earlier work we see a limited application of light, focused primarily on the light lines with specific emphasis on form. (Vitra Fire Station) ‘Light lines in the ceiling, or between wall and ground or between the wall and the flying roof reinforce the linear architecture with sharp edges ...The precise light lines emerge as built manifestations of her suprematist paintings. Although the edges of the interior luminaires echo the sharp concrete lines, the soft, diffuse inside and outside illumination in a way counteracts the energy of the building’s forms.’

continued development of Zaha application of light, applying her iconic natural flowing forms to the interior. ‘She developed a characteristic feeling of unison between fluid forms, daylight, and lighting at the Italian Museum.’

Zaha continued this experimentation of the implementation of light applying lines into stripes in her Strasbourg’s HoenheimNord Terminus and Car Park, ‘Hadid analyzed abstracted urban transport patterns and transformed them into luminaire patterns’.

Zaha Hadid is a prime example of representing light based primarily through form and material. She has developed her technique of providing lighting in natural forms. Her understanding of light and specifically the use application of diffused illumination have resulted in masterpieces of light in architecture.

Zaha Hadid’s Nordpark Railway Station represents the biggest growth as an architect with her application of light through form and material, primarily through the material light properties (reflective) and form provides a radiating energetic glow to the project.

The Maxxi Museum of XXI Century in Rome, Italy shows the Light Study - Luminosity

She reestablished the naturalistic fluid forms and emphasis of light on her later projects Guangzhou Opera House and the Heydar Aliyev Centre. Light remains a key focus of these two projects, specifically how light interacts on the interior spaces.

References 1https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195393521/obo9780195393521-0219.xml https://www.archdaily.com/868157/fluid-luminosity-the-architectural-lighting-of-zaha-hadid 1 - MAXXI Museum, in Rome, Italy. Photographed by Iwan Baan.

2 - Nordpark Railway Station in Innsbruck, Austria. Photographed by Wikimedia user Hafelekar.

3 - Leeza SOHO in Beijing, China. Rendering by MIR 4 - Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan. Photographed by Hélène Binet 5 - Dongdaemun Design Plaza, in Seoul, South Korea. Photographed by Virgile Simon Bertrand

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PRECEDENTS

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E8 Building - Vitoria-Gastei, Spain The E8 building in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain designed by Coll-Barreu Arquitectos applies a similar theme as some of their other projects, a geometrical form with a glass facade. The E8 is the result of a design competition called with the intention of highlight an Idea Generation - Precedents

ambitious expansion of Alava Technology Park, an institutional commitment to research whose validity and future should be represented by the building. http://www.coll-barreu-arquitectos.com/ingles/e8building01.html 1 - E8 Building / Coll-Barreu Arquitectos, Photographed by Aleix Bagu.

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Park Pavilion â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Cuenca, Spain The Park Pavilion in Cuenca, Spain designed by Moneo Brock Studio applies the continued theme of overly geometrical forms.

The exploration of fragmentation allowed irregular volumetry. A balance was achieved between repetition and composition in

the final form. The park also takes in the considerations of light into the design approach, though well lit, filtration of the light is considered with some panels of the form being glass and the other enclosed. https://moneobrock.com/en/extra/urban-infrastructure-glass-pavilion-cuenca 2 - Park Pavilion in Cuenca, Spain/ Moneo Brock Studio, Photographed by Ake Lindman.

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Basque Health Headquarters - Bilbao, Spain Another of Coll-Barreu projects the Basque Health Department Headquarters in Bilbao, Spain. Its form and structure is a creative response to restrictive zoning regulations. The buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s multifaceted facade offer multiple views of and for the city.

Idea Generation - Precedents

Depending on where one stands, the prismatic form offers vastly different visages. The energy of Bilbao is reflected in its many faces. http://www.coll-barreu-arquitectos.com/ingles/healthdepartmentheadquarters01.html 3 - Basque Health Headquarters in / Coll-Barreu Arquitectos, Photographed by Aleix Bague.

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Hangzhou Yuhang Opera - Hangzhou, China The Hangzhou Opera House in Hangzhou, China designed by Henning Larsen. The building takes an interesting approach to filtering light on the flat plane on the waterfront side. The project uses quadrilaterals and triangles shape windows, in which filters

the light providing a unique lighting experience on the interior.

The waterfront performance venue in Hangzhou, China, contains a 1,400-seat auditorium, a 500-seat black box theatre, and an exhibition centre. https://henninglarsen.com/en/projects/1300-1399/1332-hangzhou-east-lake-opera/ 4 - Hangzhou Yuhang Opera / Henning Larsen, Photographed by Philippe Ruault

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Seek Light is a Discovery

Idea Generation - Design Idea

Site Placement and Arrangement

Form Development and Experimentation

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IDEA Adelaide University Campaign is ‘Seek Light’. This campaign emphasizes a new era for the university with a focus on a unique student experience. ‘The concept of light is synonymous with the University through its motto Sub Cruce Lumen (meaning Light under the [Southern] Cross) which is explored throughout the campaign creative.’ 1 During one of the weekly exercises we chose from a set of Metaphors which was adopted in our design. The Design process reflected the metaphor “seek light is a discovery’. Every individual’s

Idea Generation - Design Idea

experience through university is unique, with this journey being a discovery period.

Interpretation of the university theme, metaphors and individuals’ experience led to geometrical experimentations. Forms can represent each individual’s journey to and from this point, each being different as no two journeys are the same.

1 https://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news61601.html

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REFLECTION REFLECTION: noun, ri-flek-shuhn Definition: the act of reflecting, as in casting back a light or heat, mirroring, or giving back or showing an image; the state of being reflected in this way.

Origins: 1350–1400; Middle English < Late Latin reflexiōn- (stem of reflexiō) a bending back, equivalent to Latin reflex(us) (see reflex) + -iōn- -ion

Philosophical Definition Reflections is to have careful examination of life situations to evaluate one’s actions. A state of reflection to look back.

Light Study - Reflection

Simple ideas of reflection are ideas of the mind’s own operations.

They are ideas produced in the mind when those operations are active. ‘Reflection, Locke thinks, is like our outer senses but directed at the mind’s own activity rather than at an external world. All of these simple ideas of reflection and sensation are passively received by the mind.’1

Veiled in Brilliance: How Reflective Facades Have Changed Modern Architecture Reflections in architecture provides a unique lighting experience to individual projects, but the concerns of the lighting concept is warranted.

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3 Light Study - Reflection

In Mies van der Rohe Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper project he expressed concern of using glass “Because I was using glass, I was anxious to avoid dead surface reflecting too much light, so I broke the facades a little in plan so that light could fall on them at different angles: like crystal, like cut crystal.”

‘With a blue or diffuse sky the distinctive curves reflect the light as bright lines, similar to the horizontal lines seen in the designs of the automotive industry...Additionally, the vertical and horizontal convex curves of numerous single glass elements reinforce the shiny distorted reflections of the sky’

The application of glass in predominantly skyscrapers emerged as common practice in major cities, primarily in the United States, but the uniform glazing became monotonous to the public perception and ‘in response to this, unconventional reinterpretations of facades have gained interest.’

Selfridges Building in Birmingham, England applies a different technique to reflection using a dense mesh of small anodized aluminium discs. The discs reflected diffused light, providing an abstract image and perception of the surrounding context.

The Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg, Germany, distorts the perception of the surrounding context and the rest of the city by using convex and concave elements applied to the glass.

The Messe Basel New Hall in Basel, Switzerland, uses reflections to emphasize elements of its form. Using reflections emphasizes the lines and form of the structure providing contrast with sections that face the ground providing darkness and sections

5 directed towards the sky providing brightness. This was carried out to specifically to accentuate the natural flowing form of the Messe Basel New Hall.

Implementation of reflection in architecture can provide different interpretations of surrounding context, as well as the emphasis on form. Even though the application of reflection can be unsuccessful, when executed successfully, can produce a brilliant project as well as incorporating the surrounding context.

References 1https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/help/mean04.htm https://www.archdaily.com/796974/veiled-in-brilliance-how-reflective-facades-have-changedmodern-architecture 1 - Selfridges in Birmingham, England. Photographed by Ken Lee 2 - Prada Aoyama in Tokyo, Japan. Photographed byYen-Chi Chen 3 - Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg, Germany. Photographed Maxim Schulz 4 - Messe Basel New Hall in Basel, Switzerland. Photographed by © Hufton + Crow 5 - Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg. Germany. Photographed by Thomas Schielke

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Ground Level Plan Scale 1:100

Entry

Vo id

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Void, to Lower Level Privacy Screen, Unique Lighting Feature Pathway Bridge/ Thoroughfare I Beam Columns Ramps/ Wheelchair Access

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Entry

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Underground Level Plan Scale 1:100

Toilets (Male, Female, Disabled) Seminar Room, Stepped Seating Ramps/ Wheelchair Access Reading/ Relaxing Area Exhibition Floor Space/ Seminar Room/ Multipurpose Small Library

Form - Drawings

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Exploaded Isometric

Section

Scale 1:100

Preview External Render

Form - Drawings and Render

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Form - Renders In Context

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Form - Renders In Context

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Material - Interior and Lighting Renders

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Material - Interior and Lighting Renders

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Material - Site Access/ Movement

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Material - Site Render

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Roof Material Construction Detail

I Beam Sheeting of White Fibreglass Aluminium Framework Insulation Sheeting of White Fibreglass

Square Angle Bolted to I Beam and Framework

Material - Construction Details

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I Beam Footing

I Beam Ground Plane Pile Cap Soil Ground Beam Reinforced Concrete Footing

Material - Construction Details

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Mobility Exercises

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Mobility Exercises

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OPACITY OPACITY: noun, oh-pas-i-tee

Philosophical Definition

Definition: the quality or state of a body that makes it impervious to the rays of light, broadly : the relative capacity of matter to obstruct the transmission of radiant energy

Opacity can be perceived as an antonym of transparency. Opacity stems from lack of transparency, which can be defined as a clear representation of the truth. Opacity in theory does not represent something exactly how it is and can be perceived as deceptive, misleading and untruthful. Opacity can result in the Dilution of the truth. ‘An expression in which the replacement of a term by another with the same reference may change the truth-value of the whole. John believes that Cicero was a Roman is opaque, since even though Cicero and Tully are the same person John may know that the given statement is true but not that Tully was a Roman’ 1

Origins: First recorded in 1550–60, opacity is from the Latin word opācitās shade. See opaque, -ity 1375–1425; late Middle English opake < Latin opācus shaded

Light Study - Opacity

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Light Matters: Whiteness in Nordic Countries Diffusion of light through the application of majority white walls is something the Scandinavian countries have applied well in their architecture.

In the scarce light conditions of the Scandanavian countries in winter, making use of the limited natural light is a very important focus in architecture, as well as accommodating to the needs of the long summer days.

The extremities of the Scandanavian countries daylight led to the development of functional natural light systems which use predominantly white surfaces to diffuse the incoming light to the surrounding spaces, not in direct view of the source of the light.

‘Scandinavia, where architects have played with white surfaces to counterbalance the long and dark winter days. The low position of the sun in northern regions creates long shadows and therefore daylight enters the buildings more from the side than from above.

In contrast, summer evenings emanate a diffuse light.’

3 Light Study - Opacity

The utilization of whiteness is an adaptation to local light conditions and can be traced back to Denmark medieval churches

and this influenced modern adaptations to the diffused white light. The Dybkær Church by Regnbuen Arkitekter represents the modern adaptation, Henry Plummer describes the lighting of the interior space as “Low from the north to emphasize a black steel crucifix; more broadly from the south as a glancing wash; and as a shower directly behind the altar, guided down through a sluice of wall.”

Diffusing light provides a natural light to the internal spaces of projects in areas where light can be limited. As Henry Plummer explained on his analysis of Jørn Utzon Bagsværd Church “Light is the most important feature of the church. I provided white walls and white ceilings so that daylight, which is limited in Denmark for much of the year, is fully used and produces an intensity of light always greater than that outside.”

References 1https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/opaque-context https://www.archdaily.com/542503/light-matters-whiteness-in-nordic-countries 1 - Dybkær Church in Silkeborg, Denmark. Photographed by Henry Plummer 2 - Hyvinkää Church in Hyvinkää, Finland. Photographed by Henry Plummer 3 - Nordyjllands Art Museum in Aalborg, Denmark. Photographed Henry Plummer 4 - Dybkær Church in Silkeborg, Denmark. Photographed by Henry Plummer

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FILTRATION

1 Light Study - Opacity

FILTRATION: noun, fil-tray-shuhn

Philosophical Definition

Definition: the act of passing a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment in order to remove solid pieces or other substances:

Filtration is a process of eliminating or separating unwanted elements that may have a negative result. The elements could be material or something in your mind. Naturally this applies to humans, the act of filtering out, unnecessary, worthless pollution, information etc in the brain. Ultimately the aim is to achieve purity.

Origins: 1605–15; < Medieval Latin filtrātus filtered, past participle of filtrāre. See filter, -ate1 1375–1425; late Middle English filtre < Medieval Latin filtrum “felt, piece of felt used to strain liquids” < Germanic; see felt2

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4 Light Matters: Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light Le Corbusier understanding of light and representation of light is masterful, specifically in the Chapel at Ronchamp, Monastery of Sainte Marie de La Tourette and Church of Saint-Pierre. Light has always been associated with religion, in Chrisitanity the Bible states of Christ as “the light of the world”. Le Corbusier particularly used carefully placed openings to provide unique projections of light on the interior spaces.

The Chapel at Ronchamp is considered a masterpiece and deservedly so, especially when considering the filtration of the light and the analogies created on the interior spaces by the light. The dawning sun illuminates the alcove of the side chapel and turns the red-painted void even redder. For Plummer this reddish morning light is a clear analogy to human birth. The small horizontal crack of ten centimetres lifts the roof from the wall and creates a harsh contrast to the glow of the vertical brise-soleil at the southeast corner.

5 Le Corbusiser seeked out avenues to apply lighting to make use of a wonderful resource all architects have, the sun, though some more/ less than others based on location. He tried to make the most of the sun, using the light source, via filtration of the light providing completely unique experiences unlike anything else.

References https://www.archdaily.com/597598/light-matters-le-corbusier-and-the-trinity-of-light

3 Light Study - Opacity

‘Le Corbusier expressed an exceptional sensitivity for the interaction of colours and light in his sacred buildings. His position as an outspoken agnostic seems very ambivalent in combination with his desire to open the soul to poetic realms.’

Le Corbuiser’s filtrations of light applying a dynamic aspect to the interior buildings, allowing for different interpretations based on time, day and season. Le Corbuiser achieved ways to make the interior volume never static.

1 - Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp, France. Photographed by Henry Plummer 2 - Church of Saint-Pierre in Firminy, France. Photographed by Henry Plummer 3 - Monastery of Sainte Marie de la Tourette in Éveux-sur-l’Arbresle, France. Photographed by Henry Plummer 4 - Church of Saint-Pierre in Firminy, France. Photographed by Henry Plummer 5 - Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp, France. Photographed by Henry Plummer

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Matthew Foreman, A1762656, Representation II, 2019