Test bank for management information systems managing the digital firm 6th canadian edition laudon

Test Bank for Management Information Systems Managing the Digital Firm, 6th Canadian Edition

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Management Information Systems, Cdn. 6e (Laudon et al.)

Chapter 6 Databases and Information Management 1) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number is called a record.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 2) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 3) Program-data dependence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and software programs that use this data such that changes in programs require changes to the data.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 4) A bit represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 5) A group of bytes, called a bit, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 6) A group of related fields, such as a student's name, the course taken, date, and grade, comprises a file.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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7) A group of records of the same type is called a file.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 8) A group of related files makes up a database.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 9) Each characteristic or quality describing a particular entity is called an attribute.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 10) The use of a traditional approach to file processing encourages each functional area in a corporation to develop specialized applications.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 11) Data redundancy is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 12) Data inconsistency is where the same attribute may have different values.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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13) Program-data independence refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files so that changes in programs require changes to the data.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 14) A traditional file system can deliver routine scheduled reports after extensive programming efforts; it can also deliver ad hoc reports or respond to unanticipated information requirements in a timely fashion.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 15) A more rigorous definition of a database is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and controlling redundant data.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 16) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by maximizing isolated files in which the same data are repeated.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 17) Microsoft Access is a relational DBMS for desktop systems.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 18) Microsoft SQL Server are relational DBMS for large mainframes and mid-range computers.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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19) Oracle Database Lite is a DBMS for small, handheld computing devices.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 20) Rows are commonly referred to as records or, in technical terms, as tulips.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 21) Every table in a relational database has one field designated as it key field.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 22) A DBMS separates the logical and physical views of the data.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 23) The select operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 24) DBMS designed for organizing structured data into rows and columns are not well suited to handling graphics-based or multimedia applications.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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25) An object-oriented DBMS stores the data and procedures that act on those data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 26) Most DBMS have a specialized language called a data manipulation language that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 27) The most prominent data manipulation language today is Structured Query Language (SQL).

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 28) Every record in a file should contain at least one key field.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 29) Many applications today require databases that can store and retrieve multimedia.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 30) One of the drawbacks to OODBMS are that they cannot work with applets.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 31) OODBMS are slower than relational DBMS. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 5 © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.

32) A data dictionary is a language associated with a database management system that end users and programmers use to manipulate data in the database.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 33) In a relational database, complex groupings of data must be streamlined to eliminate awkward many-to-many relationships.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 186 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 34) A data warehouse may be updated by a legacy system.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 35) A data warehouse is typically comprised of several smaller data marts.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 36) OLAP is a key tool of BI. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 37) OLAP enables users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a fairly rapid amount of time, except when the data are stored in very large databases.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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38) Predictive analysis is synonymous with data mining.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Type: TF Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 39) In a Web-based database, middleware is used to transfer information from the organization's internal database back to the Web server for delivery in the form of a Web page to the user.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 40) A Web interface requires changes to the internal database.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 41) Common Gateway Interface is a specification for processing data on a Web server.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 42) Data administration is a special organizational function that manages the policies and procedures through which data can be managed as an organizational resource.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 43) Data cleansing is the same process as data scrubbing.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 196 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 44) Governments around the world are opening up their data stores to the public.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 176 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 7 © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.

45) How organizations store, organize, and manage their data has a tremendous impact on organizational effectiveness.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 177 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 46) Text mining is the discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data–the kind of data we generate in e-mails, phone conversations, blog postings, online customer surveys, and tweets.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 47) Unlike structured data, which are generated from events such as completing a purchase transaction, unstructured data have no distinct form.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 48) A relational database organizes data in the form of two-dimensional tables.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 49) The select, join, and project operations enable data from two different tables to be combined and only selected attributes to be displayed.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 50) A normalized relation contains repeating groups.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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51) The data warehouse extracts current and future data from multiple operational systems inside the organization.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 52) Users access an organization's external database through the Web using their desktop PCs and Web browser software.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 53) Data access deals with the policies and processes for managing the availability, usability, integrity, and security of the data employed in an enterprise.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Type: TF Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 54) Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with a traditional file environment?

A) data inconsistency B) program-data independence C) lack of flexibility in creating ad hoc reports D) poor security Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 55) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person's name or age) is called a ________.

A) bit B) field C) record D) byte Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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56) A ________ represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.

A) bit B) field C) record D) byte Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 57) A group of related fields, such as a student's name, the course taken, date, and grade, comprises a ________.

A) bit B) field C) record D) byte Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 58) A group of bits, called a ________, represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.

A) bit B) field C) record D) byte Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 59) A group of records of the same type is called a ________.

A) bit B) field C) record D) file Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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60) Jane Clark is student at the university. Jane is also employed by the university library. Jane got married two weeks ago and her new last name is Jones. Jane receives her work cheque in the mail addressed to Jane Clark but her grades that come in the mail are addressed Jane Jones. This is an example of ________ of Jane's information.

A) data bits B) program-data independence C) data sort D) data inconsistency Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 61) Don Gibb works for a large retail chain. Every month he gets reports on the wages in each store across Canada. He notices that one employee received a 20 percent raise. He calls payroll to find who put this raise into the traditional file system. He is told that there is no way to know who entered that raise in the system. This is an example of ________.

A) program-data dependence B) lack of flexibility C) poor security D) lack of data sharing and availability Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 62) Gord Smith works for a large pizza chain. Every week he gets reports on the sales in each store across Canada. He sees a problem in one of the stores in Ontario. He wants and ad hoc report for sales at that store after 9 p.m. on weekdays. He is told that no such report can be created by the traditional file system. This is an example of ________.

A) program-data dependence B) lack of flexibility C) poor security D) lack of data sharing and availability Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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63) Darren Pepper works for a large medical clinic. They are running out of five-digit patient numbers and they want to expand the patient number to seven digits. It will cost a great deal of money to make this switch because three of the clinic's programs will no longer work with this new number of digits in the patient number. The clinic is using a traditional file system. This is an example of ________.

A) program-data dependence B) lack of flexibility C) poor security D) lack of data sharing and availability Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 64) Jess Wilde works for a large law firm. Every week he gets reports on the cases each lawyer in the firm is working on. He wants to get the files that deal with billing hours for each lawyer and combine that information with the files on individual cases that each lawyer is working on. He discovers that information cannot flow freely across different parts of the organization in this traditional file system.

This is an example of ________.

A) program-data dependence B) lack of flexibility C) poor security D) lack of data sharing and availability Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 65) A government agency wants to analyze their data. Their data consists of e-mail, memos, survey responses, legal cases, patent descriptions, and service reports. What tools should they use to analyze their data?

A) OLAP B) data mining C) predictive analysis D) text mining Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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66) Frito Lay wants to introduce a new flavour of potato chips in Canada. They have a great deal of data to help them make the decision to introduce this flavour. They plan on using data-mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of introducing the new flavour. What tools should they use to analyze the data?

A) OLAP B) data mining C) predictive analysis D) text mining Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 67) The Bank of Canada has large amounts of data collected over many years. It wants to get value from this data. They decide they want to analyze this large amount of data. They don't have any particular question in mind, they just want to find out if there are any hidden trends in the data. What tools should they use to analyze the data?

A) OLAP B) data mining C) predictive analysis D) text mining Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 68) The Giant Hardware Company sells four different products – screws, nails, hammers, and bolts – in the East, West, and Prairie regions. They want to know how many hammers sold in each of their sales regions and compare actual results with projected sales. What tools should they use to analyze the data?

A) OLAP B) data mining C) predictive analysis D) text mining Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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69) ________ recognizes patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs by examining existing items that have been classified and by inferring a set of rules.

A) Classification B) Associations C) Clustering D) Sequences Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 70) A DBMS reduces data redundancy and inconsistency by A) enforcing referential integrity.

B) uncoupling program and data.

C) utilizing a data dictionary.

D) minimizing isolated files with repeated data.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 71) Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between entities and attributes?

A) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PRODUCT B) the entity CUSTOMER with the attribute PURCHASE C) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute PURCHASE D) the entity PRODUCT with the attribute CUSTOMER Answer: B Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 72) A characteristic or quality describing an entity is called a(n) A) field.

B) tuple.

C) key field.

D) attribute.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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73) The confusion created by ________ makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources.

A) batch processing B) data redundancy C) data independence D) online processing Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 74) Duplicate data in multiple data files is called data ________.

A) redundancy B) repetition C) independence D) partitions Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 75) A DBMS makes the A) physical database available for different logical views.

B) logical database available for different analytical views.

C) physical database available for different analytical views.

D) relational database available for different physical views.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 76) The logical view A) shows how data are organized and structured on the storage media.

B) presents an entry screen to the user.

C) allows the creation of supplementary reports.

D) presents data as they would be perceived by end users.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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77) DBMS for midrange computers include all of the following EXCEPT A) DB2.

B) Oracle.

C) Microsoft SQL Server.

D) Microsoft Access.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 78) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in two-dimensional tables is the A) OODBMS. B) pre-digital DBMS. C) relational DBMS. D) hierarchical DBMS. Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 79) Oracle Database Lite is a(n) A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.

B) Internet DBMS. C) mainframe relational DBMS. D) DBMS for midrange computers.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 80) Microsoft SQL Server is a(n) A) DBMS for small handheld computing devices.

B) Internet DBMS. C) desktop relational DBMS. D) DBMS for midrange computers.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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81) In a table for customers, the information about a single customer would reside in a single A) field.

B) row.

C) column.

D) table.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 82) In a relational database, a record is referred to in technical terms as a(n) A) tuple.

B) row.

C) entity.

D) field.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 83) A field identified in a table as holding the unique identifier of the table's records is called the A) primary key.

B) key field.

C) primary field.

D) unique ID. Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 84) In a relational database, the three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data are A) select, project, and where.

B) select, join, and where.

C) select, project, and join.

D) select, from, and join.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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85) The select operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.

B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.

C) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.

D) creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 86) The join operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.

B) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.

C) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.

D) organizes elements into segments.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 87) The project operation A) combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is otherwise available.

B) creates a subset consisting of columns in a table.

C) organizes elements into segments.

D) identifies the table from which the columns will be selected.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 88) Which of the following database types is useful for storing java applets as well as processing large numbers of transactions?

A) relational DBMS B) hierarchical DBMS C) object-relational DBMS D) OODBMS Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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89) The type of database management approach that can handle multimedia is the A) hierarchical DBMS. B) relational DBMS. C) network DBMS. D) object-oriented DBMS. Answer: D Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 90) The data dictionary serves as an important data management tool by A) assigning attributes to the data.

B) creating an inventory of data contained in the database.

C) presenting data as end users or business specialists would perceive them.

D) maintaining data in updated form.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 91) An automated or manual file that stores information about data elements and data characteristics such as usage, physical representation, ownership, authorization, and security is the A) data dictionary.

B) data definition diagram.

C) entity-relationship diagram.

D) relationship dictionary.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 92) The specialized language programmers use to add and change data in the database is called A) a data access language.

B) a data manipulation language.

C) structured Query language.

D) a data definition language.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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93) The most prominent data manipulation language today is A) Access.

B) DB2.

C) SQL. D) Crystal Reports.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 94) DBMS typically include report-generating tools in order to A) retrieve and display data.

B) display data in an easier-to-read format.

C) display data in graphs.

D) perform predictive analysis.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 95) The process of streamlining data to minimize redundancy and awkward many-to-many relationships is called A) normalization.

B) data scrubbing.

C) data cleansing.

D) data defining.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 187 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 96) A schematic of the entire database that describes the relationships in a database is called a(n) A) data dictionary.

B) intersection relationship diagram.

C) entity-relationship diagram.

D) data definition diagram.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 187 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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97) A one-to-one relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with A) two short marks.

B) one short mark.

C) a crow's foot.

D) a crow's foot topped by a short mark.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 188 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 98) A one-to-many relationship between two entities is symbolized in a diagram by a line that ends with A) two short marks.

B) one short mark.

C) a crow's foot.

D) a crow's foot topped by a short mark.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 188 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 99) A data warehouse is composed of A) historical data from legacy systems.

B) current data.

C) internal and external data sources.

D) historic and current internal data.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 100) A data mart usually can be constructed more rapidly and at lower cost than a data warehouse because A) a data mart typically focuses on a single subject area or line of business.

B) all the information is historical.

C) a data mart uses a Web interface.

D) all of the information belongs to a single company.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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101) Tools for consolidating, analyzing, and providing access to vast amounts of data to help users make better business decisions are known as A) DSS. B) business intelligence.

C) OLAP. D) data mining.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 102) The tool that enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions is A) predictive analysis.

B) SQL. C) OLAP. D) data mining.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 103) OLAP is a tool for enabling A) users to obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.

B) users to view both logical and physical views of data.

C) programmers to quickly diagram data relationships.

D) programmers to normalize data.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 104) Data mining is a tool for allowing users to A) quickly compare transaction data gathered over many years.

B) find hidden relationships in data.

C) obtain online answers to ad hoc questions in a rapid amount of time.

D) summarize massive amounts of data into much smaller, traditional reports.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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105) In terms of data relationships, associations refers to A) events linked over time.

B) patterns that describe a group to which an item belongs.

C) occurrences linked to a single event.

D) undiscovered groupings.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 106) ________ tools are used to analyze large unstructured data sets, such as e-mail, memos, survey responses, etc.., to discover patterns and relationships.

A) OLAP B) Text mining C) Web mining D) Web content mining Answer: B Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 107) An alternative to using application server software for interfacing between a Web server and backend databases is A) CGI. B) HTML. C) Java.

D) SQL. Answer: A Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 108) The organization's rules for sharing, disseminating, acquiring, standardizing, classifying, and inventorying information is called a(n) A) information policy.

B) data definition file.

C) data quality audit.

D) data governance policy.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources

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109) The special organizational function whose responsibilities include the technical and operational aspects of managing data, including physical database design and maintenance, is called A) data administration.

B) database administration.

C) information policy administration.

D) data auditing.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 110) Which common database challenge is illustrated by the text's discussion of receiving multiple pieces of the same direct mail advertising?

A) data normalization B) data accuracy C) data redundancy D) data inconsistency Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 196 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 111) Detecting and correcting data in a database or file that are incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or redundant is called A) data auditing.

B) defragmentation.

C) data scrubbing.

D) data optimization.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 196 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 112) Data cleansing not only corrects errors but also A) establishes logical relationships between data.

B) structures data.

C) normalizes data.

D) enforces consistency among different sets of data.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Ref: 196 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources

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113) Which of the following is NOT a method for performing a data quality audit?

A) surveying entire data files B) surveying samples from data files C) surveying data definition and query files D) surveying end users about their perceptions of data quality Answer: C Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 196 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 114) A relational database organizes data in the form of ________-dimensional tables.

A) three B) tiered C) two D) cubed Answer: C Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 115) ________ mining is the discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data–the kind of data we generate in e-mails, phone conversations, blog postings, online customer surveys, and tweets.

A) Data B) Web C) Text D) Table Answer: C Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 116) Unlike structured data, which are generated from events such as completing a purchase transaction, ________ data have no distinct form.

A) formless B) valuableluble C) unstructured D) junk Answer: C Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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117) The ________ extracts current and historical data from multiple operational systems inside the organization.

A) data base B) data warehouse C) data file D) data management Answer: B Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 118) Users access an organization's internal database through the Web using their desktop PCs and Web ________ software.

A) database B) browser C) data mining D) OLAP Answer: B Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 119) ________ works in a manner similar to classification when no groups have yet been defined. A data mining tool can discover different groupings within data, such as finding affinity groups for bank cards or partitioning a database into groups of customers based on demographics and types of personal investments.

A) Sequences B) Clustering C) Classification D) Associations Answer: B Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 120) In ________, events are linked over time. We might find, for example, that if a house is purchased, a new refrigerator will be purchased within two weeks 65 percent of the time, and an oven will be bought within one month of the home purchase 45 percent of the time.

A) sequences B) clustering C) classification D) associations Answer: A Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 26 © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.

121) ________ tools deal primarily with data that have been structured in databases and files.

A) Business intelligence B) Business data C) Business information D) Business knowledge Answer: A Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 122) Web usage mining examines user interaction data recorded by a ________ whenever requests for a Web site's resources are received.

A) Web experience B) Web browser C) Web client D) Web server Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 193 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 123) Virgin Mobile Australia uses a ________ and data mining to increase customer loyalty and roll out new services.

A) data horse B) data base C) data factory D) data warehouse Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 124) Businesses might turn to ________ to analyze transcripts of calls to customer service centres to identify major service and repair issues.

A) data mining B) text digging C) data digging D) text mining Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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125) The Web is another rich source of valuable information, some of which can now be mined for patterns, trends, and insights into customer ________.

A) information B) knowledge C) interaction D) behaviour Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 126) Web browser software is much ________ to use than proprietary query tools.

A) harder B) faster C) slower D) easier Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 127) Web browser software is much ________ to use than proprietary query tools.

A) harder B) faster C) slower D) easier Answer: D Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 128) Databases record information about general categories of information referred to as ________.

Answer: entities Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 129) A grouping of characters into a word, a group of words, or a complete number (such as a person's name or age) is called a ________.

Answer: field Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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130) A ________ represents the smallest unit of data a computer can handle.

Answer: bit Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 131) A ________ represents a single character, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol.

Answer: byte Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 132) A group of related fields, such as a student's name, the course taken, date, and grade, comprises a ________.

Answer: record Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 133) A group of records of the same type is called a ________.

Answer: record Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 134) A group of related files makes up a ________.

Answer: database Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 135) An ________ is a person, place, thing, or event about which we store and maintain Answer: entity Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 116 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 136) The use of a ________ approach to file processing encourages each functional area in a corporation to develop specialized applications.

Answer: traditional Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 29 © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.

137) ________ is the presence of duplicate data in multiple data files so that the same data are stored in more than one place or location.

Answer: Data redundancy Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 138) ________ is where the same attribute may have different values.

Answer: Data inconsistency Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 139) ________ refers to the coupling of data stored in files and the specific programs required to update and maintain those files so that changes in programs require changes to the data.

Answer: Program-data dependence Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 140) Because pieces of information in different files and different parts of the organization cannot be ________ to one another, it is virtually impossible for information to be shared or accessed in a timely manner.

Answer: related Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 180 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 141) A more rigorous definition of a ________ is a collection of data organized to serve many applications efficiently by centralizing the data and controlling redundant data.

Answer: database Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 142) A ________ is software that permits an organization to centralize data, manage them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by application programs.

Answer: database management system (DBMS) Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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143) A DBMS ________ data redundancy and inconsistency by minimizing isolated files in which the same data are repeated.

Answer: reduces Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 144) Microsoft Access is a relational DBMS for ________ systems.

Answer: desktop Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 145) Microsoft SQL Server are ________ DBMS for large mainframes and mid-range computers.

Answer: relational Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 146) Oracle Database Lite is a DBMS for small ________ computing devices.

Answer: handheld Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 147) A ________ is a field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted.

Answer: key field Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 148) A ________ is a field in a database table that enables users to find related information in another database table.

Answer: foreign key Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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149) The ________ operation combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables.

Answer: join Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 150) The ________ operation creates a subset consisting of all records in the file that meet stated criteria.

Answer: select Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 151) The ________ operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.

Answer: project Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 152) An ________ stores the data and procedures that act on those data as objects that can be automatically retrieved and shared.

Answer: object-oriented DBMS Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 153) A DBMS includes capabilities and tools for ________, managing, and accessing the data in the database.

Answer: organizing Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 154) Most DBMS have a specialized language called a ________ that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database.

Answer: data manipulation language Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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155) The most prominent data manipulation language today is ________.

Answer: Structured Query Language Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 156) Microsoft Access has a rudimentary ________ capability that displays information about the size, format, and other characteristics of each field in a database.

Answer: data dictionary Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 185 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 157) Microsoft Access and other DBMS include capabilities for ________ so that the data of interest can be displayed in a more structured and polished format.

Answer: report generation Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 186 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 158) The ________ database design describes how the data elements in the database are to be grouped.

Answer: conceptual Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 186 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 159) The process of creating small, stable, yet flexible and adaptive data structures from complex groups of data is called ________.

Answer: normalization Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 187 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 160) Database designers document their data model with ________.

Answer: entity-relationship diagrams Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 187 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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161) A line connecting two entities that ends in two short marks designates a ________ relationship.

Answer: one-to-one Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 188 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 162) A ________ is a database that stores current and historical data of potential interest to decision makers throughout the company.

Answer: data warehouse Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 163) The data warehouse makes the data available for anyone to access as needed, but it cannot be ________.

Answer: altered Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 164) A data warehouse system also provides a range of ad hoc and standardized query tools, ________ tools, and graphical reporting facilities.

Answer: analytical Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 165) A ________ is a subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the organization's data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users.

Answer: data mart Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 166) ________ are applications and technologies to help users make better business decisions.

Answer: Business intelligence Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 190 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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167) Data ________ describes a situation in which the same attribute of a data entity may have different values.

Answer: inconsistency Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 168) A(n) ________ view shows data as it is actually organized and structured on the data storage media.

Answer: physical Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 181 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 169) DBMS have a(n) ________ capability to specify the structure of the content of the database.

Answer: data definition Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 170) In ________, a data mining tool discovers different groupings within data, such as finding affinity groups for bank cards.

Answer: clustering Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 171) The discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from hypertext documents on the Internet is called ________.

Answer: Web mining Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 172) A(n) ________ is software that handles all application operations between browser-based computers and a company's back-end business applications or databases.

Answer: application server Diff: 1 Type: SA Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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173) ________ are the formal rules governing the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in an organization.

Answer: Information policies Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 174) Governments around the world are ________ up their data stores to the public.

Answer: opening Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 176 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 175) How organizations store, organize, and manage their data has a tremendous impact on organizational ________.

Answer: effectiveness Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 177 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 176) ________ mining is the discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data–the kind of data we generate in e-mails, phone conversations, blog postings, online customer surveys, and tweets.

Answer: Text Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 177) Unlike structured data, which are generated from events such as completing a purchase transaction, ________ data have no distinct form.

Answer: unstructured Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 178) A relational database organizes data in the form of ________-dimensional tables.

Answer: two Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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179) ________ mining is the discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data–the kind of data we generate in e-mails, phone conversations, blog postings, online customer surveys, and tweets.

Answer: Text Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 192 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 180) The select, join, and project operations enable data from two different tables to be ________ and only selected attributes to be displayed.

Answer: combined Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 184 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 181) An ________ relation contains repeating groups.

Answer: unnormalized Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 187 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 182) The ________extracts current and historical data from multiple operational systems inside the organization.

Answer: data warehouse Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 183) Users access an organization's internal database through the Web using their desktop PCs and Web ________ software.

Answer: browser Diff: 2 Type: SA Page Ref: 194 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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184) The small publishing company you work for wants to create a new database for storing information about all of their author contracts. What factors will influence how you design the database?

Answer: Student answers will vary but should include some assessment of data quality; business processes and user needs; and relationship to existing IT systems. Key points to include are: Data accuracy when the new data is input, establishing a good data model, determining which data is important and anticipating what the possible uses for the data will be, beyond looking up contract information, technical difficulties linking this system to existing systems, new business processes for data input and handling, and contracts management, determining how end users will use the data, making data definitions consistent with other databases, what methods to use to cleanse the data.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Synthesis A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 185) When you design the new contracts database for the publishing house mentioned above, what fields do you anticipate needing? Which of these fields might be in use in other databases used by the company?

Answer: Author first name, author last name, author address, agent name and address, title of book, book ISBN, date of contract, amount of money, payment schedule, date contract ends.

Other databases might be an author database (author names, address, and agent details), a book title database (title and ISBN of book), and financial database (payments made).

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 178 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Synthesis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment 186) List at least three conditions that contribute to data redundancy and inconsistency.

Answer: Data redundancy occurs when different divisions, functional areas, and groups in an organization independently collect the same piece of information. Because it is collected and maintained in so many different places, the same data item may have: (1) different meanings in different parts of the organization, (2) different names may be used for the same item, and (3) different descriptions for the same condition. In addition, the fields into which the data is gathered may have different field names, different attributes, or different constraints.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 179 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.1 Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment

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187) List and describe three main capabilities or tools of a DBMS. Answer: A data definition capability to specify the structure of the content of the database. This capability would be used to create database tables and to define the characteristics of the fields in each table.

A data dictionary to store definitions of data elements in the database and their characteristics. In large corporate databases, the data dictionary may capture additional information, such as usage; ownership; authorization; security; and the individuals, business functions, programs, and reports that use each data element.

A data manipulation language, such as SQL, that is used to add, change, delete, and retrieve the data in the database. This language contains commands that permit end users and programming specialists to extract data from the database to satisfy information requests and develop applications.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 184-186 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 188) What types of relationships are possible in a relational database? Describe and give an example of each.

Answer: A one-to-one relationship occurs when each record in one table has only one related record in a second table. An example might be a table of salespeople and a separate table of company cars. Each salesperson can only have one car, or be related to the one car in the database.

A one-to-many relationship occurs when a record in one table has many related records in a second table. An example might be a table of salespeople and clients. Each salesperson may have several clients.

A many-to-many relationship occurs when records in one table have many related records in a second table, and the records in the second table have many related records in the first table. An example might be a clients table and a products table. Clients may buy more than one product, and products are sold to more than one client.

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 187-188 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Synthesis A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 189) Identify and describe three basic operations used to extract useful sets of data from a relational database.

Answer: The select operation creates a subset consisting of all records (rows) in the table that meets stated criteria. The join operation combines relational tables to provide the user with more information than is available in individual tables. The project operation creates a subset consisting of columns in a table, permitting the user to create new tables that contain only the information required.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 183 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Analysis A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management

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190) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery supply company to achieve low-cost leadership.

Answer: Sales databases could be used to make the supply chain more efficient and minimize warehousing and transportation costs. You can also use sales databases to determine what supplies are in demand by which customers, and whether needs are different in different geographical areas. DSS databases using business intelligence could be used to predict future trends in office supply needs, to help anticipate demand, and to determine the most efficient methods of transportation and delivery.

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 189 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 191) Describe the ways in which database technologies could be used by an office stationery supply company to achieve product differentiation.

Answer: Product databases could be made available to customers for greater convenience when ordering online. Databases could be used to track customer preferences and to help anticipate customer desires. Sales databases could also help a client anticipate when they would need to re-supply, providing an additional service. Data mining could help anticipate trends in sales or other factors to help determine new services and products to sell to the clients.

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 195-196 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 192) What makes data mining an important business tool? What types of information does data mining produce? In what type of circumstance would you advise a company to use data mining?

Answer: Data mining is one of the data analysis tools that helps users make better business decisions and is one of the key tools of business intelligence. Data mining allows users to analyze large amounts of data and find hidden relationships between data that otherwise would not be discovered. For example, data mining might find that a customer that buys product X is ten times more likely to buy product Y than other customers.

Data mining finds information such as: • associations or occurrences that are linked to a single event.

• sequences, events that are linked over time.

• classification, patterns that describe the group to which an item belongs, found by examining existing items that have been classified and by inferring a set of rules.

• clusters, unclassified but related groups.

I would advise a company to use data mining when they are looking for new products and services, or when they are looking for new marketing techniques or new markets. Data mining might also be helpful when trying to analyze unanticipated problems with sales whose causes are difficult to identify.

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 191 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources

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193) What are the differences between data mining and OLAP? When would you advise a company to use OLAP? Answer: Data mining uncovers hidden relationships and is used when you are trying to discover data and new relationships. It is used to answer questions such as: Are there any product sales that are related in time to other product sales?

In contrast, OLAP is used to analyze multiple dimensions of data and is used to find answers to complex, but known, questions, such as: What were sales of a product—broken down by month and geographical region, and how did those sales compare to sales forecasts?

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 190-191 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 194) Jill started a paint store 12 years ago. She put in a traditional file system to meet her marketing needs when she started her business. Two years later she put in a traditional file system to take care of accounting and operations. Just three years ago they put in another system to handle marketing and CRM. Jill is looking at installing another traditional file system this year to handle purchasing and SCM. Jill has been reading that perhaps they should be using a DBMS instead of these individual traditional file systems. How would you advise her and why?

Answer: Traditional file management techniques make it difficult for organizations to keep track of all of the pieces of data they use in a systematic way and to organize these data so that they can be easily accessed. Different functional areas and groups were allowed to develop their own files independently.

Over time, this traditional file management environment creates problems such as data redundancy and inconsistency, program-data dependence, inflexibility, poor security, and lack of data sharing and availability. A database management system (DBMS) solves these problems with software that permits centralization of data and data management so that businesses have a single consistent source for all their data needs. Using a DBMS minimizes redundant and inconsistent files.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 181-182 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.2 The Database Approach to Data Management 195) Susan is putting in a new DBMS in her fashion design business. She wants to do this right. She has asked you to outline some important principles of database design. How would you advise her and why?

Answer: Designing a database requires both a logical design and a physical design. The logical design models the database from a business perspective. The organization's data model should reflect its key business processes and decision-making requirements. The process of creating small, stable, flexible, and adaptive data structures from complex groups of data when designing a relational database is termed normalization. A well-designed relational database will not have many-to-many relationships, and all attributes for a specific entity will apply only to that entity. It will try to enforce referential integrity rules to ensure that relationships between linked tables remain consistent. An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) graphically depicts the relationship between entities (tables) in a relational database. Database design also considers whether a complete database or portions of the database can be distributed to more than one location to increase responsiveness and reduce vulnerability and costs. There are two major types of distributed databases: replicated databases and partitioned databases.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 184-188 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making 41 © 2013 Pearson Canada Inc.

196) Helen just wants to design and implement a DBMS in her organization. She is very technical and has a great aptitude for this type of work. Her outside consultant is telling her that she must make some management decisions about information policy and data quality assurance because they are essential in managing the firm's resources. How would you advise her and why?

Answer: Developing a database environment requires policies and procedures for managing organizational data as well as a good data model and database technology. A formal information policy governs the maintenance, distribution, and use of information in the organization. In large corporations, a formal data administration function is responsible for information policy, as well as for data planning, data dictionary development, and monitoring data usage in the firm. Data that are inaccurate, incomplete, or inconsistent create serious operational and financial problems for businesses because they may create inaccuracies in product pricing, customer accounts, and inventory data, and lead to inaccurate decisions about the actions that should be taken by the firm. Firms must take special steps to make sure they have a high level of data quality. These include using enterprise-wide data standards, databases designed to minimize inconsistent and redundant data, data quality audits, and data cleansing software.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 195 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.4 Managing Data Resources 197) What challenges does the increase in unstructured data present for businesses?

Answer: The mobile digital platform has amplified the explosion in digital information, with hundreds of millions of people calling, texting, searching, "apping" buying goods, and writing billions of e-mails on the go.

Consumers today are more than just consumers: they have more ways to collaborate, share information, and influence the opinions of their friends and peers, and the data they create in doing so have significant value to businesses. Unlike structured data, which are generated from events such as completing a purchase transaction, unstructured data have no distinct form. Nevertheless, managers believe such data may offer unique insights into customer behaviour and attitudes that were much more difficult to determine years ago.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 193 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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Test Bank for Management Information Systems Managing the Digital Firm, 6th Canadian Edition

198) How does text mining improve decision making? What are the challenges involved in text mining?

Answer: Managers believe such data may offer unique insights into customer behaviour and attitudes that were much more difficult to determine years ago.

Text analytics software caught on first with government agencies and larger companies with information systems departments that had the means to properly use the complicated software, but companies are now offering a version of its products for small businesses. The technology has already caught on with law enforcement, search tool interfaces, and "listening platforms." Listening platforms are text mining tools that focus on brand management, allowing companies to determine how consumers feel about their brand and take steps to respond to negative sentiment.

Structured data analysis will not be rendered obsolete by text analytics, but companies that are able to use both methods to develop a clearer picture of their customers' attitudes will have an easier time establishing and building their brand and gleaning insights that will enhance profitability.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 193 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Evaluation A-level Heading: 6.3 Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision Making

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