principles of sustainable built environment

PORTFOLIO SUBMISSION

Principles of Sustainable Built Environment Portfolio Submission Done By: Maryam Al Aali Student ID: @00610322 Program of Study: Architecture Study Mode: FT Semester 1

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 The Brief

CHAPTER 2 The Site

CHAPTER 3 The Concept

CHAPTER 4 The Design Development

CHAPTER 5 The Design Proposal

CHAPTER 6 Sustainability Reference

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 1: The Brief

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION The aim of the project is to create a design of a responsive and creatively engaging Visitor Centre for the Al Areen Wildlife Park which encourages an innovative and open functionality through the exploration of the interrelationships between existing context, inhabitation, and creative intervention.

My approach involved a number of sequential steps that provided a clear planning process, testing for the most optimal design selection, and utilizing software and technological applications to execute the design. This included research and brainstorming for inspirational ideas and precedent studies, sketching out different floorplans and iterations, followed by creating paper models to help establish a 3D representation of the iterations, to making the final design selection. The use of software was used in creating the floor, section, and elevation plans of the selected design in AutoCad, rendering the floorplan in Photoshop, and developing the 3D model in Revit, and then creating the final rendering in Twinmotion. The final step of the approach involved a 3D printout of the selected design.

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 1: The Brief

PROEJCT BRIEF

DESCRIPTION OF BRIEF • The building is a safe and secure space for students to work and learn.

• Providing the opprotunity to learn and explore about the wildlife in Bahrain.

• Incoperating outdoor space to promote indoor and outdoor connectivity.

• Supporting the building’s structure with sustaible solutions.

• Adhering to Bahrain’s culture and promoting cultural space for the young generation.

• Encourging social events, wildlife awarness and enviornmental educational support.

• The building is designed to organically settle into the urban fabric of the surrounding.

• This building also plays a cruciousal role acting as the landmark of the area since the area is still under development and most of the surrounding areas are barren land.

The benefits of the building being built in a remote area are: 1. Tourist attraction.

2. Supporting students of bahrain by providing a secluded space for wildlife education.

3. Encourging the existing wildlife by introducing varity of indoor and outdoor interactions.

4. Standing as a landmark and a new standard of sustainability in Bahrain.

5. Preserving the nature and wildlife of Bahrain.

6. The building acts as a space for students to closely learn about wildlife and appreciate nature which is a care sight in Bahrain.

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 1: The Brief

5.

3.

4.

1.

2.

PRECEDENTS DALIAN SHELL MUSEUM

PJKITA COMMUNITY CENTRE

1. This museum stands as an iconic landmark in its geographical site being placed on an uphill, hence, a wide view to the beautiful landscape in the surrounding. The building is divided into several exhibition spaces. The main exhibition space is covered with an overlapping roof which mimics the shape of a seashell. The appearance of the seashell attracts many tourists and also accommodates well into the skyline of the city.

2. This community center is a common space for several activities for all the users. The building form comprises of cylindrical shapes interconnected together to make circular glazed facilities with each area allocated for a certain purpose.

The concept is inspired by biophilic design of T structures and T canopies. These canopies provide shade and shelter to its users similarly how T structures provide in tropical forests. This allows the building to architecturally blend in with surrounding with minimal disturbance and convenient outdoor and indoor interaction.

⁠EXHIBITION CENTER OF ZHENGZHOU LINKONG BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PARK

FAZOR VISITOR AND MEETING CENTER

3. ⁠Exhibition center has an elliptical form where the central landscape is interconnected to the design of the building and is located at the central axis. This axis further connects the north and south zones of the building. The central axis serves as a common ground for all the other facilities, exhibition and incubator center on the south, creating a central park space. It also creates a striking contrast with the square modulization pilot products to the north, where the square stands for precision and the circular for freedom.Through its gentle stretching and retraction, the spiral and uneven curve modeling gives the exhibition center a peaceful power.

The most significant source code for the contemporary biopharmaceutical business, DNA, is likewise honored by this architectural language.

4. ⁠The area's architectural landmark is considered as a pavilion that serves as the tourist center. It is an eye catching view as one approaches Fazer village. The main entrance to the tourist center is approached through a garden of various grass grains, which has completely changed the area's front entry through landscaping. The tourist center utilizes local materials and has a distinct personality because to its timber cantilevered roof. The café and the factory store greet visitors at the main entrance. The free plan and spaciousness provide a framework for experimenting with other concepts and exhibitions in the future. The displays showcase the history of chocolate manufacture as well as potential future paths.

(Saieh, 2010), (Silva, 2023), (Exhibition center of zhengzhou linkong biopharmaceutical park / WSP architects 2018), (Rojas, 2016), (Holmes, 2019) Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

⁠THE SPHERES: EXPLORING BIOPHILIA IN THE MODERN WORKPLACE 5. The spheres are an inspiring architectural masterpiece, with several domes joined into one another to create a biophilic inspired design. By pushing the boundaries of biophilic design, The Spheres provides a unique workplace design that revitalizes the mind. The conservatory is a space for researchers to spend time and work as well as conserve over 40,000 plants across 700 species at the same time. Deep interaction with nature encourages the users to learn and think clearly. Igniting creativity and responding to the spaces created by landscape architecture.

CHAPTER 1: The Brief

PROGRAMME: 1)

Reception

2)

Admin

3)

Lobby

4)

Exhibition

5)

Restaurant

6)

Kitchen

7)

Kitchen store

8)

Shop

9)

Shop store

Key Space Study (Zoning)

10) Conference room 1 11) Conference room 2 12) Class lobby 13) Class room 14) Toilet F 15) Toilet M 16) Toilet F 17) Toilet M 18) Swage 1 19) Swage 2

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 1: The Brief

Key Spatial Sequence Architectural Programme 1. Education (private) OUTDOOR INNTERACTION

KEY SPACE SEQUENCES: Two areas 2. Commercial (public)

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 1: The Brief

Bubble Diagram

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CLIMATE, WEATHER, AND LOCATION DATA

CHAPTER 2: : The Brief AVERAGE HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES:

HUMIDITY COMFORT LEVELS:

The levels of humidity are extremely high most of the time. The building should consider the humidity levels for the thermal comfort of the visitors.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURES:

WIND DIRECTION:

The building could be oriented depending on the direction of the wind which is mostly directed towards the north.

Vegetation can be added to create more comfort for the visitors.

SITE ANALYSIS AVERAGE RAINFALL:

Bahrain has generally high temperatures reaching to more than 30℃ in summer and reaching as low as 10℃ in january as the coldest month. Otherwise the average temperatures are around 20℃to 30 ℃which is relatively hot.

The average rainfall in Bahrain is fairly low, it is the highest in January and March. Bahrain’s average temperatures are very hot, and it is the highest in July and August.

WAVE PERIODIS HIGH (Tide times and charts for Zallaq, Bahrain and weather forecast for fishing in Zallaq in 2023) fishing in Zallaq in 2023)

(Bahrain, Bahrain: Annual weather averages) (Weatherspark.com) (Tide times and charts for Zallaq, Bahrain and weather forecast for

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 4: Site analysis SWOT ANALYSIS

SITE ANALYSIS

STENGTH

SUN PATH The sun path reveals that the face of the building is on the west. Greenery and tall trees are surrounding the area of the building providing shade especially from the south and east. The negative space surrounding the site is mostly consisting of grass and greenery, that is generally used for picnics by visitors. The only negative space made of pavement is the area we chose as to put our building location.

OPPORTUNITIES

SITE SELECTION CONSTRUCTION NOISE AFFECTING THE SURROUNDING - Any sort of sound that impacts the health of people and wildlife is referred to as “noise pollution.”

- Any construction noise that exceeds 85 dB of sound in an 8 hour period is considered to be unwanted noise - The harmful effects of construction noise pollution can come from many different sources, such as rock hammering, road sawing, excavation, drilling and rock cutting.

CONTROLS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Maintaining and lubricating equipment and machinery Utilizing noise barriers equipment Limit the amount of working time Using noisy machinery/equipment when fewer people are present Choosing low-noise machinery

1. Easy access to Al-Areen 2. People with disabilities will not struggle as it is quick to enter due to the location of our site.

3. As shown in the picture there is a second entrance that you could approach and enter from.

4. Additional car parking will be added to open space at the back allowing the site to be more accessible

CHAPTER 4: Site analysis

SITE ANALYSIS

CARS PEOPLE ANIMALS

CHAPTER 4: Site analysis

SITE PLAN

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CONCEPT DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 3: The Concept

The conceptual approach for this design was inspired by naturally existing elements. Bahrain’s geographical location surrounds with water and creates an island. The design was derived from a biophillic inspiration of a seashell.

Showcasing a tribute to the wildlife and adjusting into the stimuli. Sakhir is known to be a desert, hence, adding an element of water was a contrasting concept. Inspired by a seashell, the building follows organic patterns and incorporates indoor and outdoor interaction. Similar to that of a seashell, providing shelter for snails and other living creatures on the sea shore.

However, the organic design is further extended and depicts dynamism to provide character to the design. Acting as a landmark within a landmark and support the tourism of Bahrain.

Eliminating traditional elements to stand out and promote dynamic architecture in the urban fabric of Sakhir. The space provides an interesting site for students and researchers to unleash their creativity and soak in serenity of Bahrain.

CONCEPT IMAGE

Organic shape (seashell)

Incorporating outdoor - nature

Build indoor and outdoor interaction

Add dynamic and indoor and outdoor relationship with the zones of the building

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 3: The Concept MODEL 1

MODEL 4

MODEL 2

MODEL 5

MODEL 3

MODELS ITERATION MODELS CONCEPT The general concept behind the iteration models was to establish curvilinear buildings with two openings leading to two separate areas (a private and a public area). Seashells were the main source of inspiration for the final model.

Canson paper was used for all the iteration models, due to it flexibility in crating the desired curves.

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 3: The Concept

3D Montage

captures of the character thoughts on flight, seeing, and the landscape.

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 4: The Design Development FLOOR PLAN SKETCHES These are sample sketches of the floor plan design which I drafted to test out design variations revolving around my main design concept.

Drawings Produced

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 4: The Design Development DESIGN SKETCHES Through these sketches I attempted to incorporate the form of a seashell into the design if the buildings. In each sketch I aimed to include two open spaces, in line with the biophilic architecture. Apart from design elements, I also had to consider how the structural features would be impacted along with the overall construction specifications and technicalities.

Drawings Produced

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

DESIGN PROPOSAL The conceptual approach of this design is based on biophillia. Building inspired by elements existing in the nature. For this project, seashell was the inspiration. The design initially was an organic form to blend in with the landscape. The design was further developed based on the concept of indoor and outdoor interaction. Two spacious courtyards with open roof are incorporated to enhance the relation between the indoor and the outdoor spaces. The building is separated based on zones. The more open and accessible area being the public space and closed being the educational or private space.

Each space possesses an open area which overlook the view of the surrounding. The students and researchers are encouraged to stay connected to the harmony of nature and appreciate the wildlife.

NATURAL ELEMENTS

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

PLANTS

WATER

WIND & AIR LIGHT & SPACE

MATERIALS Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

PATTERN

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

FRONT VIEW

MODEL PHOTO

TOP VIEW

1:200 model

SIDE VIEW

BACK VIEW

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

SIDE VIEW

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

F PLAN 1:100 model B&W

NORTH 3/$17 5220

6(:$*( 5220

6(:$*( 5220

72 ,/(

7

,/( 72

6+23

7

&21)(5(1&( 5220

5(67$85$17

.,7&+(1 6+23

287'225 :$7(5 $5($

(;+,%,7,21

&/$66 /2%

1

287'225 *$5'(1

: '2

5(&(37,21

/2%%<

:

'2

1

(175$1&(

:$,7,1* $5($

&( (1 (5 1) 0 &2 522

5,7< 6(&8

83

72,/(7 $'0,1

72,/(7

GROUND FOOR PLAN 1:100 Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

220

665

&/$

%<

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

ELEVATIONS 1:100 model B&W

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

SECTION 1:100 model B&W

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

PSD PLAN 1:100 model PHOTOSHOPPED RENDERED PLAN 1:100

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

2 POINT PERSPECTIVE Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

BIRDS EYE PESRSPECTIVE

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

INTERNAL RENDER

INTERNAL RENDER Phasellus ut nulla rhoncus, lacinia odio eleifend, vulputate augue. Suspendisse potenti. Maecenas sit amet libero varius, pretium nunc in, tincidunt lorem. Duis id felis a felis efficitur convallis

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

EXTERNAL RENDER EXTERNAL RENDER

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

EXTERNAL RENDER EXTERNAL RENDER Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 5: The Design Proposal

STRUCTURE Steel beam and column structure

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

SUSTAINABILITY

CHAPTER 6 : Sustainability

SUSTAINABILITY MEASURES

Orientation

Daylight

Envelope

The placement of the building provides sufficient winter sun to keep the space warm and sufficient protection from summer sun to maintain a cool environment in the spaces.

The Solar energy generated through solar panels supports the energy of the building and reduces the overall cost of electricity.

The light during the day brightens up the interior spaces. The openings in the building provide essential natural light for The outdoor areas and facing NW winds, the courtyard. making outdoor spaces comfortable

The building possess high performance cavity walls which allow heat to escape and cool the spaces for users. The windows are double glazed protecting the spaces and users from harmful radiation of the sun.

Ventilation

Future Expansion

Materials The materials used in the building are locally available materials, reducing the cost and effort required to arrange the materials. These materials provide strength and traditional beauty to the building.

Energy The building has several openings throughout the spaces such as large windows, small windows, exhaust system and courtyards. They provide air circulation in the building and keep the air flow maintained.

Water Cycle The waste water is used for several other purposes throughout the building such as fountains, watering the plants and so on.

The system opted for this project is called black water recycling.

The building is located in a wildlife sanctuary that has sufficient open spaces in the surrounding area of the site.

Allowing the project to be flexible for future expansions and opportunities

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

(View entry in gallery | learning environments australasia) (What is BREEAM? - bre group 2024)

The building has a maintained system of energy use calculated through computer systems to avoid extra expenditure and make the building environment friendly.

CHAPTER6: Sustainability Natural Light Natural light is a renewable energy source, it is benefical for the Daylighting enviornment and reduces carbon • Low energy costs emissions. Energy Efficiency: Using • Reduce greenhouse gas natural light during the day helps use emissions to improve less artificial lighting, which means occupant well being that less energy is used.

Wind Movement Wind is a renewable energy source, the generation of wind energy has less of an impact on the environment.

Regeneration Water Strategy • Capturing grey water, use it for outdoor landscaping, made up of low-water use native plants.

• Low – flow, water conserving restroom fixtures to cut overall water flow.

Thermal Energy 1. Low-e double paned glass for the windows 2. Air conditioning depending on solar panels (renewable energy) 3. The garden area outside the envelope help with keeping temperature cool Native Plants Using native plants will help environmental sustainability since they reduce water runoff, require less fertilization and pesticides, and can help prevent carbon emissions due to lower energy-sourced maintenance. The following two plants which are native to Bahrain, are ideal options since they are commmonly available and need less watering: 1. Date palms 2. Babassu

Materials – use of local materials • Available materials in Bahrain 1. Concrete 2. Glass 3. Steel • Easy to maintain

SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY ( Kulkarni , 2023) (Industry defines net-zero operational carbon, 2020)

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

Solar Panels – captures the sunlight and converts it into electricity needs of the project.

• Solar strategy • Bio Sponge (for heat water island effect) Biophilic Design Using sustainable and natural materials is one way that we may apply biophilic design to our own spaces. Utilizing those resources allows us to significantly lower our carbon footprint.

CHAPTER 6: Sustainability

Climate Change: The thermal energy strategy involves using lowe double paned glass for the buidling’s windows, to help maintain better thermal energy performance; air conditioning functioning on solar panels, a source of sustainable renewable energy; and maintaining a landscaped garden area outside the building’s envelope to help reduce temperature levels.

Climate Change: The solar strategy consists of installing solar panels on the landscaped outskirts of the building, with direct exposure to the sun. Using solar panels will help in maintaining a sustainable energy source, reducing the impact on the environment by decreasing dependence on electrical fossil fuel energy that is a leading source of greenhouse gas emissions, and promoting energy independence.

Building design and features offer more social interation e.g, garden areas, accessibility between zones.

Employment opportunites

Lighting that is comfortable for the vision and environmentally friendly.

Benefits of LED lighting: LED lighting uses less energy and reduces light pollution.

Minimal heat loss in the environment.

LED lights are quite long-lasting.

Insects are not drawn to LED lights.

LED Lights are beneficial for plant development.

Risky chemicals are not used in LED lights.

Social Inclusion: • Accessible to all users of the building.

• Social interaction: design (two parts) that are open to each other.

• Enviornment of space: views, lighitng, temperature.

With Thermal comfort, the users of the building feel better and function better.

Sustainability: Native Plants Using native plants will help environmental sustainability since they reduce water run-off, require less fertilization and pesticides, and can help prevent carbon emissions due to lower energysourced maintenance. The following two plants which are native to Bahrain, are ideal options since they are commmonly available and need less watering: 1. Date palms 2. Babassu

CCSSI STRATEGY SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY

(Low E glass) (Solar Power Diagram - Solar Power Quotes & Information: Solar Quotes 2019) (Manzi et al., 2010) (Kabeyi & Olanrewaju, 2022) Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

Garden View

CHAPTER 6: Sustainability

The fenestrated windows and the glass curtain walls facing the sunpath around the perimeter of the building, offers the occupatns with a landscaped garden view.

This provides an attractive environmental feature and enhances the occupants experience of the building. This covers points number three (3) ’Good Health and Well-being’ and point 11 of the United Nations (UN) ‘Sustaible cities and communties’, of the Sustaible Development Goals’ objectives.

Visual Connection with Enviornment The views of the landscapted gardens provide the visitors and occupants of the building with a visual conncection with the environment. This serves an aesthetic role and also has a positive emotional and psychological effect on users of the building. The biophilic design on the inner and exterior areas promote wellbeing through connection with nature.

Free Circulation The inner building design enables easy access, and free circulation and movement between the two zones; the public zone and educational zone. The landscape areas are strategically located around the whole envelope of the building and in the two open areas inside the building, providing the occupants with access to these green public areas.

Social Inclusion: • Areas accessible to all users of the building • Design promoting social interaction between the two zones • Environmental features that have positive social impact on users, e.g., garden views, (LED) lighting, thermal conditioning Local resources (social): • Students with study space • Resturant • Shop: figurines / keychains to create beautiful memories to remember

MASTER PLAN Connection with Environment The landscapted areas around the building's envelope provide visitors and occupants of the building with public access to a biophilic design, offering direct connectivity and interaction with nature. This biophilic design also promotes environmental sustainability through the promotional of green areas and the use of sustainable native plants.

This feature covers points three (3) and 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Economic & employment opportunties Materials: 1.

Available materials in bahrain: concrete, glass, steel 2.

Easy to maintain

Sustainable materials can be sourced from local venders and suppliers which will support local business and ecocnomy. The site will promote employment opportunities since staff will be needed to manage and administer the visitor center, the shop in addition to support and maintenance staff to oversee the overall property maintenance requirements such as cleaning, gardening etc.

(The 17 goals | sustainable development) Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

CHAPTER 6 : Sustainability

WHOLE LIFE CARBON ASSESSMENT Low Energy Use

Measurement and Verification

Low Carbon Supply

Embodied Carbon

Zero Carbon Balance

End of Life

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

(Life cycle assessment of buildings: A practice guide)

LIFE CYCLE ASSESEMENT

CHAPTER 6 : Sustainability Material: • Available mateiral • Cost friendly

• Local and local contractor • Raw materials supply • Transport • Manufacturing

Construction: • Local • Local + local contractor Use phase: • Biophilic design • Native plants / less water • Greywater stratgy

Production • Transport • Construction and installation

• Reuse, recovery, and recycling potential.

Beyond System

Construction

End of Life • • • •

Operation

Demolition Transport Waste processing Disposal

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

(Whole life carbon assessment for the built environment 2023)

• • • • • • •

Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment operational use of CO! energy operational use of O! water

REFRENCES

Manzi, T. et al. (2010) Social Sustainability in urban areas: Communities, connectivity and the urban fabric. 1st edn, ebookcentral.proquest. 1st edn. London: Taylor & Francis Group. Available at: ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/salford/detail.action?docID=517193.

Whole life carbon assessment for the built environment (2023) Rics.org. Available at: https://www.rics.org/profession-standards/rics-standards-and-guidance/sectorstandards/construction-standards/whole-life-carbon-assessment (Accessed: 09 January 2024).

Kulkarni , G. (2023) Social Sustainability in urban areas: Communities, connectivity and the ..., Fabric optimisation: why a fabric-first approach maximises sustainable building performance. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17535069.2010.528604 (Accessed: 09 January 2024).

View entry in gallery | learning environments australasia (no date) 2018 Learning Environments Australasia Awards. Available at: https://learningenvironments.awardsplatform.com/gallery/NBkANaRW/MQpljRzQ?search=fe4b 77870cbd37b3-10 (Accessed: 09 January 2024).

What is BREEAM? - bre group (2024) BRE Group - Building a better world together. Available at: https://bregroup.com/products/breeam/ (Accessed: 09 January 2024).

REFERENCES FOR PSBE

Hurst, W. (2022) Introducing RetroFirst: A new AJ campaign championing reuse in the built environment, The Architects’ Journal. Available at: https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/introducing-retrofirst-a-new-aj-campaignchampioning-reuse-in-the-built-environment (Accessed: 09 January 2024).

Sustainable development goals (no date) https://www.upda.gov.bh/en/. Available at: https://www.upda.gov.bh/en/category/sd-goals (Accessed: 10 January 2024).

Industry defines net-zero operational carbon (2020) CIBSE Journal. Available at: https://www.cibsejournal.com/news/industry-defines-net-zero-operational-carbon/ (Accessed: 10 January 2024).

Kabeyi, M.J.B. and Olanrewaju, O.A. (2022) Sustainable energy transition for renewable and low carbon grid electricity generation and supply, Frontiers. Available at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2021.743114/full#:~:text=However%2C%20e lectricity%20generation%20is%20a,fossil%20fuel%20sources%20of%20energy. (Accessed: 11 January 2024).

The 17 goals | sustainable development (no date) United Nations. Available at: https://sdgs.un.org/goals (Accessed: 13 January 2024).

Life cycle assessment of buildings: A practice guide (no date) carbon leadership forum .

Available at: https://carbonleadershipforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CLF-LCAPractice-Guide_2019-05-23.pdf (Accessed: 13 January 2024).

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI

REFRENCES

Saieh, N. (2010) Dalian Shell Museum / The Design Institute of Civil Engineering & Architecture of dut, ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/55139/dalian-shell-museum-the-designinstitute-of-civil-engineering-architecture-of-dut (Accessed: 22 December 2023).

Silva, V. (2023) Pjkita Community Centre / DTLM Design Group, ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/1005359/pjkita-community-centre-dtlm-design-group (Accessed: 22 December 2023).

Exhibition center of zhengzhou linkong biopharmaceutical park / WSP architects (2018) ArchDaily.

Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/895447/exhibition-center-of-zhengzhou-linkongbiopharmaceutical-park-wsp-architects (Accessed: 22 December 2023).

Rojas, C. (2016) Fazer Visitor Center & Meeting Center / K2S architects, ArchDaily. Available at: https://www.archdaily.com/796321/fazer-visitor-center-and-meeting-center-k2s-architects (Accessed: 22 December 2023).

Holmes, D. (2019) The spheres: Exploring biophilia in the modern workplace, World Landscape Architecture. Available at: https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/the-spheres-exploring-biophilia-in-themodern-workplace/?v=3a1ed7090bfa (Accessed: 22 December 2023).

Bahrain, Bahrain: Annual weather averages. Bahrain, Bahrain - Average Annual Weather - Holiday Weather. (n.d.). https://www.holiday-weather.com/bahrain/averages/ (Accessed October 8, 2023) SunCalc Sun position- und Sun phases calculator. SunCalc. (n.d.). https://www.suncalc.org/#/26.0159,50.4965,17/2023.10.08/10:42/1/1 / (Accessed October 8, 2023)

REFERENCES

Weatherspark.com. Bahrain Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Bahrain) - Weather Spark. (n.d.). https://weatherspark.com/y/150203/Average-Weather-in-Bahrain-Year-Round#SectionsPrecipitation / (Accessed October 8, 2023) Bahrain topographic map, elevation, terrain. Topographic maps. (n.d.). https://en-gb.topographicmap.com/map-9ftf3/Bahrain/?center=26.01508%2C50.4978&zoom=16 / (Accessed October 8, 2023) Tide times and charts for Zallaq, Bahrain and weather forecast for fishing in Zallaq in 2023. tides table. (n.d.). https://tides4fishing.com/bh/bahrain/zallaq / (Accessed October 8, 2023) The 4 harmful effects of construction site noise. Control Hire. (2023, September 3). https://controlhire.com.au/articles/effects-of-construction-noise/ / (Accessed October 8, 2023)

Portfolio Submission MARYAM ALAALI