Laboratory manual for anatomy and physiology 6th edition marieb solutions manual 1

Solution Manual for Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and Physiology 6th Edition

Marieb Smith 0134206339

full download link at:

9780134206332

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Joints and Body Movements

Time Allotment: 1 hour.

Multimedia Resources: See Appendix B for a list of multimedia resource distributors.

Anatomy of a Runner (Structure and Function of the Lower Limb) (DE: 38 minutes, DVD)

Bones and Joints (FHS, 20 minutes, DVD)

Advance Preparation

1. If you have a local source, obtain a sagittally sawed, fresh diarthrotic beef joint from a butcher or meat packing company. Refrigerate or freeze until use. Preserved joints could be used instead. Have disposable gloves available.

2. Have available the articulated skeleton and isolated skull.

3. Set out any available anatomical charts of joint types, models of joint types, etc.

4. Display any available X rays of normal and arthritic joints.

5. There are several methods of joint classification. If your text and the lab manual use different systems, decide on the preferred system for your course.

6. Have water balloons and clamps available.

Comments and Pitfalls

1. Some students may have trouble interpreting the movements in Figure 10.4. It may help to have the students perform all of these movements together during lab.

2. Students may be confused by movement at the shoulder joint. Flexion occurs when the arm is moved forward and upward, and extension returns the arm to the anatomical position.

Answers to Activity Questions

Activity 4: Demonstrating the Importance of Friction-Reducing Structures (p. 112)

3. The fluid-filled sac greatly reduces the friction between the two surfaces. The water balloon represents a synovial cavity, bursae, or tendon sheaths. The fists represent two articulating bones on opposite sides of a synovial cavity. They may also represent muscles, tendons, or ligaments in the case of bursae and tendon sheaths.

Jointsand Body Movements

Types of Joints

1. Use the key terms to identify the joint types described below.

Key: cartilaginous fibrous synovial

fibrous

1. fibers connecting the tibia and the fibula

cartilaginous 2. includes joints between the vertebral bodies and the pubic symphysis

cartilaginous 3. found in the epiphyseal plate

fibrous 4. sutures are memorable examples

cartilaginous 5. cartilage connects the bony portions

synovial 6. have a fibrous articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane surrounding a joint cavity

synovial 7. all are freely movable or diarthrotic

fibrous

8. bone regions are united by dense regular connective tissue

synovial 9. include the hip, knee, and elbow joints

2. Match the joint subcategories in column B with their descriptions in column A, and place an asterisk (*) beside all choices that are examples of synovial joints.

Column A

suture

pivot*

1. joint between most skull bones

2. joint between the axis and atlas

ball-and-socket* 3. hip joint

condyloid* 4. joint between forearm bones and wrist

hinge* 5. elbow

hinge* 6. interphalangeal joints

gliding* 7. intercarpal joints

condyloid* 8. joint between the skull and vertebral column

condyloid* 9. joints between proximal phalanges and metacarpal bones

Column B

ball-and-socket

condyloid

gliding

hinge

pivot

saddle

suture

symphysis

syndesmosis

3. What characteristics do all joints have in common? They hold bones together

4. Describe the structure and function ofthe following structures or tissues inrelation to a synovial joint and label the structures indicated by leader lines in the diagram.

ligament reinforces articular capsule

articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones

synovial membrane lines the articular capsule

bursa fluid-filled synovial membrane sac

5. Which joint, the hip or the knee, is more stable? hip

Name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the hip joint.

Synovial cavity containing synovial fluid

Articular capsule

Articular cartilage

Synovial layer

Fibrous layer

Periosteum allows movement in all directions

multiaxial joint and

Movements Allowed by Synovial Joints

6. Label the origin and insertion points on the diagram below and complete the following statement: During muscle contraction, the insertion moves toward the origin .

7. Complete the descriptions below the diagrams by inserting the type of movement in each answer blank.

(a) flexion at the elbow

(b) extension at the knee

(c) abduction of the upper limb

(d) adduction of the lower limb

(e) circumduction of the upper limb

(f) inversion of the foot

rotation of the head

pronation of the forearm

(g)

(h)

Joint Disorders

8. What structural joint changes are common in older people? Osteoarthritis; softening, fraying, and eventual breakdown of the cartilage, leading to bone spurs

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