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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Introduction
During the past decades, Egypt urbanization has been developed day by day, and the urban sprawl has covered a huge area of the country land after it was limited in the Upper Egypt. This research is investigating about the development in one of Upper Egypt governorates, specifically in Beni Suef. In this research is discussing Beni Suef situation and how that is reflected on architecture and urban development, going through a lot of urban analysis, and site survey, and discussing the opportunity to take advantage of the medicinal and aromatic agriculture that is frequently available over there by doing a research center that can help developing this resource. Beni Suef city is one of the famous cities in Egypt, that was well Known for its medicinal and aromatic agriculture, that was an attracting point that pulled our sights towards it to choose it as a study area.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Content
Chapter 01: Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1. Beni Suef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2. Beni Suef Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1. Problem Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2. Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.3. Why New Beni Suef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.4. Mission statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.5. Project Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3. Site Selection Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1. 3 Site PŮ?roposals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4. Site 1 Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5. Site 2 Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6. Site 3 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7. Evaluating the Three sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8. Site Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8.1. Streets Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8.2. Landuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8.3. Building Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8.4. Building Heights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.8.5. Solid & Voids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9. Project Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 02: Design Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Concept 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Concept 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Concept 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4. Concept 4(Choosen Concept) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1. Inspiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1. Concept Statment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1. Forming Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1. Form Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 25 25 27 28
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
2.5. Final Submit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.1. Master Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.2. Site Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.3. Ground Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.4. 1st Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.5. Basement Floor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.6. Lau Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.7. Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.8. Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.9. 3D Zoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.10. Privacy Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5.11. Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 03: Construction Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Used Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1. External Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2. Internal Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.3. Transparent Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.4. Transparent PV Cells Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.5. Green Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Wall Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Construction Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 04: Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. 3D Structure System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.1. Concrete Shell Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.2. Frame Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.3. Hollow block Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1.4. Retaining walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31 31 31 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 50 51 53 54 55 56 57
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Chapter
Introduction
1.1. General Information 1.2. Literature Review 1.3. Site Selection Criteria 1.4. Site 1 Location 1.5. Site 2 Location 1.6. Site 3 Location 1.7. Evaluating the Three sites 1.8. Site Analysis 1.9. Project Requirements
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Chapter 01: Preface To Upper Egypt & Beni Suef General information
Beni Suef Beni Suef Is one of the imperative governorates in Egypt. This significance shows up as a result of numerous things like, it’s areas along the Nile stream, it’s recorded foundation and the agribusiness regions that demonstrates its relationship building abilities in planting. It is an essential farming exchange Center on the west bank of the Nile River, 70 miles (110 km) south of Cairo.(wikipedia.org) Beni Suef center is the capital of the Beni Suef governorate, Beni Suef is an important agricultural center which grew from a small village since the turn of the century and now hosts a population of over 150,000. It is famous for its linen manufacturing in the Middle Ages, and continues to be heavily involved in cotton-spinning and carpet making. Located about 75 miles south of Cairo, the Midum Pyramid is nearby, as is the Fayoum Oasis. (historical location, 2018) (Beni Suef) became Directorate in 1858 AD and was the capital city of Beni Suef. After the revolution of July 23, 1952, the term “Directorate” was changed to Governorate. Since the pharaonic era till now in Beni suef there has been revolution in the agriculture production which now lead Beni suef to the production of medicinal an aromatic plants. (historical location,2018) Conclusion The governorate of Beni Suef is one of the governorates of the «North Upper Egypt» region, located to the south of Greater Cairo in the Nile Valley. Its capital is Beni Suef. It has a major role in archaeological and agricultural. (author,2018)
Beni Suef Problems: -Sewage problems. -Trespassing over Agricultural lands. -Lack of Fertilizers. -Cultivation and Production problems of the medicinal plants. -Awareness of Agriculture Land.
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Chapter 01: Preface To Upper Egypt & Beni Suef General information Literature review
Problem Selection: Beni Suef faces cultivation and production problems of the Medicinal and aromatic plants that affects the agriculture resource consequently it affects the economy. Opportunities: For more than 30 years, the governorate of Beni Suef has been the leading producer and exporter of aromatic and medicinal plants. The cultivated areas used in the manufacture of medicines, cosmetics and perfumes are over 10,000 acre, which is more than 35% of local production of medicinal & aromatic plants. Beni Suef is known for cultivating (Artemisia, basil, Parsley, coriander, Mint, Geranium). Dr. Adel Jalal, assistant researcher at the Agricultural Research Center (Giza) said: Beni Suef leads the governorates of the republic in the export of medicinal plants, especially the crop of perfume and waxes, which are famous in Al Wasta and Somosta. The residents called Somosta the “European Region” for the export of medicinal plants to Europe, especially pomegranate, mint, basil, dill, thyme, parsley and cumin, said Issam Abbas, (one of the exporters of medicinal and aromatic plants). The governorates of Beni Suef, Fayoum and Menia are among the largest and most important governorates in Egypt and the Middle East in cultivating the medicinal plants. Beni Suef leads the production and export of medical plants. Beni Suef accounts for 40% of Egypt’s total exports of this type of plant. The governor said that “the province is in the process of implementing some of the initial measures for the establishment of an industrial agricultural city on an area of 70 thousand acres, an integrated agricultural community and the first industrial complex for the production of medicines and cosmetics of medicinal and aromatic plants. The Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants is one of the most important strengths of the Faculty of Environmental and Biological Agriculture at Beni Suef University. It is a unique and distinguished department at the level of the Egyptian agricultural colleges. It is also important in terms of geography. The department seeks to be a pioneer in the field of medicinal and aromatic plants as it is the first in the Egyptian universities in this specialization through the preparation of human cadres distinguished scientific and research capable of providing high quality community service through an integrated plan with the departments and programs of the college that are consistent with the vision of the university. (Soliman, 2002) Egypt is leading the markets of medicinal and aromatic plants globally, which has a trade amount which is about $ 60 billion annually, Egypt is participating as a major exporter of about $ 45 million. (Gouda, 2018)
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Chapter 01: Preface To Upper Egypt & Beni Suef
The cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Minya governorate reached about 18,797 acre representing about 29.1% of the total cultivated area of medicinal plants in Egypt, the cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Fayoum governorate reached about 12,337 feddans representing about 19.1% of the total cultivated area of medicinal plants in Egypt, the cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Asyut governorate reached about 10,801 acre representing about 16.7% of the total cultivated area of medicinal plants in Egypt, while the cultivated area of medicinal and aromatic plants in Beni Suef governorate reached about 6,593 acre representing about10.2 % of the total cultivated area of medicinal plants in Egypt. (Gouda, 2018) Beni Suef took fourth place as the most productive area for medicinal and aromatic plants, but it’s listed as the most qualified governorate that has the best quality of products and volatile oil in Egypt because of its climate, and the cultivation method they use, without the use of any kind of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (Gouda, 2018) Why New Beni Suef: Beni Suef city is the most suitable location for a medicinal and aromatic plants research center because it’s between wasiti and somasta which are the most productive places of producing medicinal and aromatic plants. Beni Suef University and AL-Nahda University is in Beni Suef City which is necessary for the project to be next to universities. (Author, 2018) Mission statement: The research center project will contribute to the development plan for 2030. Project Goals: - Increasing the production of medicinal plants internationally and locally. - Raising the awareness of the medicinal and aromatic plants value and the planting wealth in Beni Suef. - Supporting the field of scientific research globaly to represent Egypt as an effective country in scientific research, and locally in the city of Beni Suef. - Supporting the studies of Masters, PhD and Higher Diploma students and training university students in various fields of medical and aromatic plant studies. (Author, 2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Site selection Criteria:
-The site should be suitable for a broad range of education and training facilities. -Sites should have good access to public transportation options that serve important destinations. -The site should be next to educational facilities, specially faculty of pharmacy and faculty of agriculture. -It’s preferable to be located near agricultural lands or extensions. -The site shouldn’t be surrounded by high rise buildings so direct sun can access the buildings easily.
3 Site ٍProposals
Fig.01 - 01 : Basemap of New Beni Suef, The Location of the suggested 3 Sites (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Site 1 Location:
Area :32,000 M2
Fig.02 - 01 : Basemap of New Beni Suef, The Location of the suggested Site 1 (Author,2018) Scale 1/30000
SWOT Analysis
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Site 2 Location:
Area :25,000 M2
Fig.03 - 01 : Basemap of New Beni Suef, The Location of the suggested Sites 2 (Author,2018) Scale 1/30000
SWOT Analysis
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Site 3 Location:
Area :32,000 M2
Fig.04 - 01 : Basemap of New Beni Suef, The Location of the suggested Site 3 (Author,2018) Scale 1/30000
SWOT Analysis
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Evaluating the three sites according to the criteria:
Evaluating the three sites according to the criteria:
Accessibility: Site 1 could be considered as the most accessible site as it could be accessed through main roads, furthermore the surrounding roads and streets are representing a link between the old benisuef city where the agricultural lands exist and the new benisuef city where the educational faceleties and development oppurtuneties exist.(Author, 2018) Distance from educational facilities: Site 3 takes place inside the benisuef university (faculty of agriculture) on the other hand site 1, is located 1 km away from Al Nahda university, knowing that faculty of pharmacy in Al Nahda university is specialized in medicinal and aromatic plants researches.(Author, 2018) Views and Buildings heights: The buildings surrounding site 1 in general exist in good condition allowing the site to take the advantage of the good views of the landmarks.(Author, 2018) Transportation and Traffic: Site 3 provides kind of good and easy transportation due to being inside the range of benisuef university, however site 1 permits easy accessebility as a reason of being located near the major roads (Al Menia Al Wosta road and Al Nahda university road). (Author, 2018) Conclusion: To sum up the analysis of the three sites, it appears that the existing conditions of site I are completly matching the goals of the research centre that aims to support the scientific research field related to the aromatic plants in Benisuef. (Author, 2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Site Analysis:
Fig.05 - 01 :Environmental analysis (Author,2018)
Fig.06 - 01 : Site Views (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Urban Analysis
. Streets Network
Fig.07 - 01 : Basemap of Site 1, Street Hierarchy (Author,2018) scale 1/5000
Fig.08 - 01 : 3D Shot of Site 1, Street Hierarchy (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center . Landuse
Fig.09 - 01 : Basemap of Site 1, Landuse (Author,2018) Scale 1/3000
Fig 10 - 01 : Building Condition Percentages (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center . Building Conditions
Fig.11 - 01 : Basemap of Site 1, Building Condiyions (Author,2018) Scale 1/3000v
Fig 12 - 01 : Building in good condition (Author,2018)
Fig 13- 01 : Building condition percentage(Author,2018)
Fig 14 - 01 : cemetries in good condition (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center . Building Heights
Fig.15 - 01 : Basemap of Site 1, Building Heights (Author,2018) Scale 1/3000
Fig 16 - 01 : Building Height with 3-4 floors (Author,2018)
Fig 17 - 01 : Building Heights Percentages (Author,2018)
Fig 18 - 01 : Building Height with 5-7 floors (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center . Solid & Voids
Fig.19 - 01 : Basemap of Site 1, Solid & Void (Author,2018) Scale 1/3000
Fig.20 - 01 : Solid & Void Percentages (Author,2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Project Requirements:
Main Zones:
Laboratories Department. Research Department. Visitors Department.
Detailed Program:
Laboratories Department: Labs. Drying Labs (sun, shade, fan and freeze drying). Microscope Labs. Extraction Labs. Quality control labs. Green Houses. Experimental animal houses. Sterilization Rooms. Offices. Storage. - Chemical store. Service (corridors, toilets, stairs, elevators). Research Department: Computer Labs. Archive. Offices. Storage. Lecture Halls. Training authority. Service (corridors, toilets, stairs, elevators). Visitors Department: Entrance Hall. Administration offices. Exhibition. Multipurpose Hall. Commercial authority.
(shops that offers the products like the volatile oil that are produced from the labs and the researches)
Restaurants. Storage. Service (corridors, toilets, stairs, elevators). (Author, 2018)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Chapter
Design Approach
2.1. Concept 1 2.2. Concept 2 2.3. Concept 3 2.4. Concept 4(Choosen Concept) 2.5. Final Submit
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Concept 1:
Inspiration Of Concept 1: Iinspirated the idea from the agriculture life which is the farmers planting perpendicular of the water source.
Concept Statment 1 (Agricultural Concept): My concept reflecting the agricultural style which is the process of agriculture should be vertically on the water source, my project also which presents agricultural life will be also directed vertical to the Water Stream in the site to estimate the main source of power and main inspiration of my project.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Concept 2:
Inspiration Of Concept 2: The concept was inspired from the Design technique of visibility which was shown in the project of Haifa University Student Center / Chyutin Architects, Haifa, Israel.
Concept Statment 2 (Visibility Concept): Inspired from the challenge of Site 1 By Blocking And Controlling Our visibility (Cemeteries View) Which is Negative Point And turn it to Positive Point By planting green roofs, Which serve the project aim at the same time. More over the cemeteries view has been blocked, so the User is allowed to see the Nile and agricultural lands.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Concept 3:
Concept Statment 3 (Urban concept): In this concept the site will be connected to the urban fabric as a same harmony of the Beni Suef triangle by taking in consider the entrances of my site. The entrances effects on the site elements (cubes) as a forces which leads to this rotation of the cubes.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Concept 4(Choosen Concept ):
Inspiration Of Concept 4: When looking in the Urban Fabric of Al-Fashn area and in the original of Al-Fashn it is one of the most areas producing Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Beni Suef City. In addition we found that the Urban Fabric of the Essential Fashn is complicated and Irregular. we sow alot of Violation on the Agricultural lands in Al-Fashn area since 2005 until this day.
Concept Statment 4 (Urban Fabrice Concept) : We Took a part of the Urban Fabrice in the Essential Fashn, We got out a Grid from the Urban Fabric, it turns out there is forms from the exis Building Footprint, and it Pentrates the agriculture lands.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
The second part explains the Agricultural land that we got it out from the urban fabric , Pushes the blocks out , so it indicates that the agricultrue lands are More Important than blocks. Also , i’m Against the Violations on agricultural lands.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Forming Concept: Farmers neglection & Violations on agricultural lands causes Cracks & destruction on It. And by Fight this phenomenon by Renovate this to convert it as aPattern reflected in the building facade and urban fabric by using transparant pvc cells Glass and Green Boxes and that will turn life to the cracks.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Form Development:
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Final Submit:
Master Plan 1/1000 :
Site Information Total Area= 23,800 m.sq First Lvl= 5,090 m.sq Build Up Area= 8,930 + 5,090 + 4,490= 18,510 m.sq FootPrint Area= 8,930 m.sq (37.6%) Top Area= 23,800 - 8,930= 14,870 m.sq (62.4%)
Ground Lvl= 8,930 m.sq Basement Lvl= 4,490 m.sq
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Ground Floor 1/1000:
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
1st Floor 1/1000:
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Basement Floor 1/1000:
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
LayOut 1/1500:
Entrance Elevation 1 (North) 1/800
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Elevation 2 (South) 1/900
Section 2 1/750
Section 3 1/500
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Section 5 1/150
3D Zoning
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Privacy Analysis 1/1300
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Fire Escapes Circulation Horizontal & Vertical Circulation
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Chapter
Construction Issues
3.1. Used Materials
3.2. Wall Section 3.3. Construction Element
03
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Used Materials:
External Materials:
Green Box Internal Materials:
Transparent Concrete Block
Transparent Concrete
Aluminium
Aluminium Transparent PV Cells Glass Transparent Concrete Paint
Transparent Concrete
Transparent PV Cells Glass Green Box
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Transparent Concrete: With the advent of transparent concrete technology, a new architectural beauty is added to the buildings Transparent concrete consists of smooth, smooth concrete with fiber optic fibers, where fiber optics allow light to pass through. So does not reduce the strength of concrete thing. The optical fiber is manufactured by nanotechnology, which increases the cost of production and the high prices in the market without the difficulty of the workforce to deal with the lack of experience. As for the manufacture of transparent concrete is similar to the manufacture of ordinary concrete, where the casting of 2 - 5 mm layer of ordinary concrete and then a layer of fiber optic, and here we can control the flow of light or reduce, for example if a layer of fiber was planted after 2 mm of the layer of ordinary concrete We will find an increase in the ability to enter the light to the building or if the fiber was poured after 5 mm has been reduced the proportion of light entering. These concrete can be used in multiple places in the building, for example: 1- Facades 2_ carrier walls 3_ in floors and pavements 4_ Internal circuit breakers 5_ Pedestrian corridor inside the building When you start using transparent concrete technology, you will save a huge amount of energy, where the sunlight willt enter the building, enough for the daytime lighting, and for the night you will see a beautiful architectural masterpiece.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Transparent PV Cells Glass: Scientists are reporting development of a new transparent solar cell, an advance toward giving windows in homes and other buildings the ability to generate electricity while still allowing people to see outside. which are made from plastic-like materials. PSCs are lightweight and flexible and can be produced in high volume at low cost. That interest extends to producing transparent PSCs. They describe a new kind of PSC that produces energy by absorbing mainly infrared light, not visible light, making the cells 66 percent transparent to the human eye. They made the device from a photoactive plastic that converts infrared light into an electrical current. Another breakthrough is the transparent conductor made of a mixture of silver nanowire and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which was able to replace the opaque metal electrode used in the past. This composite electrode also allowed the solar cell to be fabricated economically by solution processing. The authors suggest the panels could be used in smart windows or portable electronics.(American Chemical Society,2012)
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Green Box: Using vertical greenery systems to reduce heat transmission is becoming more common in modern architecture. Vertical greenery systems are divided into two main categories; green facades and living walls. This study aims to examine the thermal performance of vertical greenery systems in hot and humid climates. An experimental procedure was used to measure indoor temperature and humidity. These parameters were also measured for the gap between the vertical greenery systems and wall surfaces.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Wall Section:
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center Construction Element:
Sky Lights:
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Shading Device:
48 Pergola:
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
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Fountain Of The Plaza:
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Chapter
Structure
4.1. 3D Structure System 4.1.1. Concrete Shell Structure 4.1.2. Frame Structure 4.1.3. Hollow block Structure 4.1.1. Retaining walls
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center 3D Structure system:
Linked Between Structure:
Shell Frames Columns Hollow Block Slab Retaining Wall
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Zoom in Building:
Shell
Frames
Wall Hollow Block Slab
Columns
Retaining Wall
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Concrete Shell Structure : A concrete shell, also called “thin shell� concrete structure, is composed of a thin shell of concrete formed in such a way as to be self-supporting, often with no interior columns or exterior buttresses. The shells are most commonly flat plates and domes. They can also take the form of ellipsoids or cylindrical sections. The first concrete shell dates back to the 2nd century. These concrete shapes are usually strong structures, allowing clear spans without the use of internal supports, giving an open, unobstructed interior. The use of concrete as both the form and structure can reduce both material cost and construction cost over other approaches to design and construction, as concrete is relatively inexpensive and plastic to conform to compound curves. The resulting structure may be immensely strong and safe; modern monolithic dome houses, for example, have resisted hurricanes and fires, and are widely considered to be strong enough to withstand even F5 tornadoes.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Frame Structure: Framing, in construction, is the fitting together of pieces to give a structure support and shape. Framing materials are usually wood, engineered wood, or structural steel. The alternative to framed construction is generally called mass wall construction, where horizontal layers of stacked materials such as log building, masonry, rammed earth, adobe, etc. are used without framing. Building framing is divided into two broad categories, heavy-frame construction (heavy framing) if the vertical supports are few and heavy such as in timber framing, pole building framing, or steel framing; or light-frame construction (light-framing) if the supports are more numerous and smaller, such as balloon, platform, or light-steel framing. Light-frame construction using standardized dimensional lumber has become the dominant construction method in North America and Australia due to the economy of the method; use of minimal structural material allows builders to enclose a large area at minimal cost while achieving a wide variety of architectural styles. Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels (plywood and other plywoodlike composites such as oriented strand board (OSB) used to form all or part of wall sections), but until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing to stabilize walls. Diagonal bracing remains a vital interior part of many roof systems, and in-wall wind braces are required by building codes in many municipalities or by individual state laws in the United States. Special framed shear walls are becoming more common to help buildings meet the requirements of earthquake engineering and wind engineering.
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Medicinal And Aromatic Plants Research Center
Hollow block Structure: A hollow core slab, also known as a voided slab, hollow core plank or simply a concrete plank is a precast slab of prestressed concrete typically used in the construction of floors in multi-story apartment buildings. The slab has been especially popular in countries where the emphasis of home construction has been on precast concrete, including Northern Europe and former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. Precast concrete popularity is linked with low-seismic zones and more economical constructions because of fast building assembly, lower self weight (less material), etc. Precast hollow-core elements is also known as the most sustainable floor/roof system and has far smaller CO2 footprint than even CLT slabs. The precast concrete slab has tubular voids extending the full length of the slab, typically with a diameter equal to the 2/3-3/4 of the slab. This makes the slab much lighter than a massive solid concrete floor slab of equal thickness or strength. The reduced weight is important because it lowers the costs of transportation as well as material (concrete) costs. The slabs are typically 120 cm wide with standard thicknesses normally between 15 cm and 50 cm. Reinforcing steel wire rope provides resistance to bending moment from loads. Slabs in prestressed concrete are usually produced in lengths of up to 200 meters. The process involves extruding wet concrete along with the prestressed steel wire rope from a moving mold. The continuous slab is then cut by a big diamond circular saw, according to the lengths (and width) required on blueprint. Factory production provides the obvious advantages of reduced time, labor and training. Another fabrication system produces hollow-core floor slabs in Reinforced Concrete (not prestressed). These are made on carousel production lines, directly to exact length, and as a stock product. The length is limited to about 7-8 metre. Especially in Belgium, this method is widely used in private housing.
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To meet modern standards (both hollow-core and massive slab) of soundproofing the floor needs to be covered with a soft floor covering that is able to dampen the sound of footsteps or a floating floor screed should be installed. An alternative is to put a strip of rubber underneath the floor slabs . Hollow-core slabs and wall elements without prestressed steel wire can be formed by extruders. The size of these elements will typically range in width from 600 to 2400 mm, in thickness from 150 to 500 mm, and can be delivered in lengths of up to 24 m. The voids of the hollow core can be used as conduit for installations. The interior of the core can be coated in order to use it as a ventilation duct.
Retaining walls: Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting the soil mass laterally so that the soil can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope). They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of terrain possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses. A retaining wall that retains soil on the backside and water on the frontside is called a seawall or a bulkhead.
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1.Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lรกzaro (2003) http://www.innovaconcrete.eu/what-is-concreteshell-architecture/ 2.American Chemical Society (2012,4,1) https://phys.org/news/2012-08-transparent-solar-cellswindows-electricity.html 3.Environmental and Climate Technologies (2014,6,) https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/280918106_Thermal_Impacts_of_Vertical_Greenery_Systems
4. historical location. (2018, 11 20). Retrieved from Electronic portal of Beni Suef Governorate: http://www.benisuef.gov.eg/New_Portal/Tour/default.aspx 5. (2018, 05 15). Retrieved from wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/