ACE Reading Lite

CONTENTS 題型 篇章 結構

主

題



8



12

Unit 04 To Lie, or Not to Lie?



16

Unit 05 Move-in Notice



20

Unit 06 The Aurora Village



24

Unit 07 Ghost Light



28



32

Unit 09 The Benefits of the Bilingual Brain



36

Unit 10 How to Make Pour Over Coffee?



40

Unit 11 Incredibly Slow Animals



44

Unit 12 Fire Up the Night



48

Society and Culture

Unit 13 Are You a Snowflake?



52

Real-life Reading

Unit 14 The MRT Ticket of Singapore



56



60

Lifestyles and Health Unit 03 Silent Killer

閱讀

Science and

測驗

Technology Real-life Reading

篇章

Environment and

結構

Ecology

閱讀 測驗 閱讀 測驗

Society and Culture

Lifestyles and Health Unit 08 Intermittent Fasting

閱讀

Science and

測驗

Technology

混合 題

Real-life Reading

篇章

Environment and

結構

Ecology

閱讀

Science and

測驗

Technology

閱讀 測驗 閱讀 測驗 混合 題

難度 頁碼

Unit 02 Do Elephants Smoke?

Ecology

題

名

4

測驗

混合

篇

希平方影音學習



Environment and

測驗

單元

素養文

Unit 01 What Your Passport Color Means

Society and Culture

閱讀

閱讀

【圖示說明】

Lifestyles and Health Unit 15 The Modern Black Death — Ebola Virus Disease －2－

題型

主

篇章

Science and

結構

Technology

閱讀 測驗 閱讀 測驗

題

Society and Culture Environment and

測驗

Ecology

題

Real-life Reading

篇章

Science and

結構

Technology

閱讀 測驗 閱讀 測驗 閱讀 測驗 混合 題 篇章 結構

Society and Culture

Real-life Reading Environment and Ecology

測驗

Technology Society and Culture

閱讀

Environment and

測驗

Ecology

混合 題

Unit 16 Are You Ready for Extended Reality?

Real-life Reading

難度 頁碼  64



68

Unit 18 Sad Movies Can Be Good for You



72

Unit 19 The Songs in the Head



76

Unit 20 Animal Adoption



80

Unit 21 Cheaper Access to Space

 84

Unit 22 What It Takes to be a Bestseller?



88

 92

Unit 24 Recommendation Letter



96

Unit 25 The Amazon Rainforest on Fire



100

Lifestyles and Health Unit 26 Are You Afraid of Going Bald?

Science and

測驗

名

Lifestyles and Health Unit 23 Color Forecasting

閱讀

閱讀

篇

Lifestyles and Health Unit 17 Are Men More Charitable?

閱讀

混合

單元

Unit 27 Zero-day Vulnerabilities: World War on the Net

 104

 108

Unit 28 Benjamin Franklin: A Man with Multiple Achievements 

112

Unit 29 Wonders of Nature

 116

Unit 30 Low GI, Good Life

 120

－3－

Unit 16

Science and Technology



Are You Ready for Extended Reality?

The Internet came into existence in the 1990s. Cellphones were not common until the early 2000s. So, what’s next? It is believed that extended reality will have the next big technological impact on human society. “It’s not an ‘if ’ ― it’s a ‘when’,” says Amy Peck, an extended reality (XR) expert and entrepreneur, at 5

Lethbridge College.

Extended reality is an umbrella term referring to all real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by computer technology and wearables. 1.

Virtual reality (VR) provides a fully digitally

immersive experience where you enter a computer-generated world that 10

blends in with the real world. Augmented reality (AR) overlays digital objects onto the real world via smartphone or computer screens. And mixed reality (MR) is the result of blending the physical world with the digital world. With this technology, users can interact with digital objects placed in the real world.

15

So far, these technologies have been mostly confined to the world of entertainment and smartphone features. 2.

Extended

reality is making a huge difference in a number of industries as businesses get to grips with the exciting possibilities offered by XR. To begin with, XR brings immersive experiences to the 20

entertainment world, and offers consumers an opportunity to virtually experience live music and sporting events from the comfort of their VR headsets. 3.

What’s

more, extended reality also opens new avenues for training and education. People who work in high-risk 25

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conditions ― like chemists and pilots ― can train in

safety from a more conventional classroom setting.

The opportunities brought by XR seem boundless. 4.

The spread

of data poses a threat of cyberattacks, while the high cost is a barrier to entry for many companies. But even these challenges can’t slow the progress of 30

XR. The question remains: how will the world define reality ten years from now?

AHowever, all of that is expected to change.

B In addition, extended reality has offered new ways for brands to interact with consumers and connect them with new products.

C More specifically, it refers to virtual, augmented, and mixed reality.

D But, like all new technologies, extended reality is not without its problems or challenges.

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Words and Idioms 1. existence [Ig`zIstEns] n. 存在 It is believed that this charity organization was brought into existence in 1982.

2. virtual [`vQtSUEl] adj. 1虛擬的 2實質上的 The website allows visitors to take a virtual tour of the museum.

3. generate [`dZHnEcret] v. 產生；引起 The new power plant may be able to generate enough electricity for the whole city.

4. confine [kEn`faIn] v. 把…侷限在；限制 Due to time limit, let’s confine our discussion to the major issue only.

5. avenue [`AvEcnju] n. 1途徑 2林蔭大道 Leaders of those countries are trying to explore every avenue towards peace in the region.

6. conventional [kEn`vHnSEnB] adj. 傳統的；依照慣例的 For patients of different needs, the hospital provides both conventional and alternative medical treatments.

7. setting [`sHtIN] n. 1環境 2（小說、戲劇等的）情節背景 As a counselor, Max has to work with children in various settings, mainly in high schools.

8. boundless [`baUndlIs] adj. 無窮的；無邊無際的 Taking care of young children is a job that requires boundless energy and patience.

9. progress [prE`grHs] v. 進步；進展 Judging from the students’ compositions, they are making great progress in their English writing.

10. remain [rI`men] v. 仍然是 Passengers on board are advised to remain seated until the seat belt sign has been turned off.

11. blend in with ph. 融入；混入 Hard as the transfer student tries to blend in with the class, she just doesn’t feel accepted by her classmates.

12. get to grips with ph. 開始理解並著手處理 To the citizens’ disappointment, the mayor failed to get to grips with the two major problems at issue.

Words for Recognition ★ entrepreneur

n. 企業家

★ umbrella

term n. 概括的總稱

n. 穿戴式裝置 ★ digitally immersive experience n. 數位沉浸式體驗 ★ augment n. 擴增 ★ overlay v. 在…上鋪（或蓋、塗） ★ via prep. 經由 ★ wearable

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Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

generate boundless

confine setting

virtual avenue

remain existence

conventional progress

1. After a long discussion, the research team decided to

blend in with get to grips with

their study of bears to those

in North America.

2. How long will it take for LED lights to replace

UV light in all households?

3. Scientists have different theories about how the universe first came into

.

4. The hotel is a perfect place for a wedding for its magnificent garden 5. One of the main tasks of the government is to

.

the poor economy in the country.

6. When the class size increases, effective student-teacher

becomes a lot more

difficult.

7. According to the report, the establishment of the new company will

hundreds of

jobs.

8. Learning how to

calm in times of stress is an important lesson for modern people.

II. Cloze Test: Choose the correct answer to each question.

When it comes to improving your English writing, there are basic rules and guidelines you can follow. First of all, you need to

1.

the problems you have with your writing. And it

is always a good idea to turn to your teacher for advice on how to get rid of those bad habits so as to write better. Next, you should not only think critically and creatively but also try to avoid 2.

yourself to traditional ideas and thoughts. Instead of looking at everything in a

3.

perspective, you can try to analyze issues in a new way. Finally, if you really want to make significant

4.

in English writing, you had better

5.

hardworking by writing constantly.

After all, practice makes perfect.

1. Ablend in with

Bcatch up with

C come to grips with D get along with

2. Acombining

Bconfining

C conflicting

D confusing

3. Aconventional

Bvirtual

C digital

D boundless

4. Ascandal

B diagnosis

C donation

D progress

5. Aregain

Brefer

C remain

D reserve

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Unit 17

Lifestyles and Health



Are Men More Charitable?

Men always seem to have a hidden motive for doing anything ― even when it comes to giving to charity. Just as a peacock displays its spectacular feathers when it notices 5

a female, men are more generous in the presence of attractive women. In other words, they tend to do good deeds to impress the opposite sex. But this does not apply to women as their selflessness remains the same, whether in the company of men or other women.

An experiment conducted by psychologists revealed this striking difference between men and women. Researchers at the Oxford and Sheffield Hallam universities recruited 65 men and 65

10

women with an average age of 21, and observed them as they played a cooperation game. People who participated could donate money to a shared group fund. It was a selfless act, for they knew others would benefit, although they were not guaranteed the same return from others.

Interestingly, men were found to be significantly more generous when watched by a beautiful woman. They competed with each other by raising their donations to appear more selfless,

15

but when they were being observed by men, their donations did not increase. Researchers concluded that men changed their behavior in an attempt to boost their chances of securing a mate by displaying their generosity. Women’s behavior, on the other hand, did not change.

Practically, this experiment shows how societies can encourage selfless 20

acts and explains why public acts of kindness are primarily male activities.

The findings also help account for the fact that lists of philanthropists are dominated by males. Out of 67 people who have ranked as the UK’s highest giving philanthropists in the past four years, only seven are women. But Susan MacKenzie, director of Philanthropy UK, believes that women can

25

be just as generous and selfless as men. She said, “Women just tend not to advertise their philanthropy as much as men.”

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Reading Comprehension 1. What is another suitable title for this passage?

AMale Generosity as a Mating Signal.

BAttractive Women Are More Philanthropic.

CWhy Women Love Generous Men. DSelfless People Make Better Partners.

2. What is the purpose of citing the study in the second paragraph?

ATo examine how women are attracted to generous men.

BTo prove that men donate generously for a secret reason.

CTo investigate the gender differences in playing games.

DTo challenge the popular belief that men are more selfish than women.

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the study in the second paragraph?

AThe institute that carried it out.

BThe average age of the subjects involved in it.

CThe way the participants were monitored.

DThe possible explanation for the participants’ behavior.

4. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is true?

AIn the UK, men are generally considered to be more generous than women.

BMen tend to dominate and boast about their good deeds.

CWomen tend not to donate because they are selfish.

DWomen prefer to keep their good deeds a secret.

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Words and Idioms 1. charity [`tSArEtI] n. 慈善工作；慈善機構（charitable adj. 慈善的；有愛心的） All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.

2. spectacular [spHk`tAkjElP] adj. 壯觀的；令人驚嘆的 The photographer captured a spectacular moment when the tower was struck by lightning.

3. presence [`prHzns] n. 1在場 2出席 Kevin appears shy and awkward in the presence of the girl he likes.

4. company [`kOmpEnI] n. 陪伴；同伴 The old couple likes spending an leisurely afernoon in the backyard in the company of their dogs.

5. recruit [rI`krut] v. 招募 The shopping mall will be recruiting new staff for the Christmas period.

6. cooperation [kocFpE`reSEn] n. 合作 We need your cooperation to make this event a success.

7. guarantee [cgArEn`ti] v. / n. 保證；確保（某事必然發生） The government provides financial assistance for small businesses, but it cannot guarantee their success.

8. secure [sI`kjUr] v. （歷經艱難後終於）獲得 The company managed to secure a 30-million contract.

9. generosity [cdZHnE`rFsEtI] n. 大方；慷慨（generous adj. 大方的；慷慨的） Mr. Smith is admired for his generosity towards the needy. He donates half of his earnings to charity.

10. dominate [`dFmEcnet] v. 占首要地位；支配 Men still dominate the world of law; in fact, hardly any top judges are women.

11. advertise [`AdvPctaIz] v. 刊登廣告；宣傳 The charity concert was not well advertised, so the ticket sales were poor.

12. account for ph. 解釋；說明 Can you account for your absence last Monday? If you don’t give me a good reason, you will be fired.

Words for Recognition ★ philanthropy

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n. 慈善行為（philanthropist n. 慈善家）

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

guarantee generosity

advertise presence

spectacular company

dominate secure

1. The view from the top of the mountain is just

recruit charity

account for cooperation

. The amazing scenery will surely

stay in my mind forever.

2. Timmy finally beat other competitors and 3. I cannot

the job that he had wanted so badly.

that you’ll get this job even if you complete your training.

4. Mom asked the man not to smoke in her 5. Our boss tends to

because she hated second-hand smoke.

every meeting. He rarely lets us talk or express different

opinions.

6. These charitable organizations are going to 7. I don’t want to

more volunteers to help in their work.

the fact that I have already broken up with Kevin. It is a private

matter to me.

8. I really enjoy your

. Whenever I am with you, I feel completely at ease.

II. Match: Match each sentence part in column (A) with that in column (B) to complete the sentence.

(A) 1. When you advertise something,

(B) you control it because you have more power or influence.

2. When you say you can guarantee

you make it known in public.

something, 3. When you account for something,

you mean it is impressive or amazing.

4. When you recruit people,

you find them to work in a company.

5. If you dominate something,

you make sure that it will happen.

6. When you say something is spectacular,

you give an explanation of why it happened.

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SCAN ME for more info

Unit 18

Society and Culture



od f or o G e B n a C s d Movie

Sa

You

If sad movies only make people sad, why do they still go to the theater and actually enjoy the movies? It is believed that tragedies have the power of “catharsis,” meaning the process of clearing away negative emotions and healing trauma. In fact, empathizing with a movie 5

character who experiences tragedy can stimulate such emotional release. This release usually lifts the audience’s spirits after the overwhelming emotion gradually disappears. Amazingly, energy that has been drained by sadness will be restored, at least temporarily. Often this break allows a depressed person to start managing their grief and reflecting on the potential issues that cause their depression.

10

In addition, what makes sad movies beneficial is that we are allowed to confront heavy issues by experiencing them on the screen while our emotional responses feel real. Sad movies draw us into the viewing experience, and in the meantime, give us a unique opportunity to develop reflection outside the experience. By making the audience contemplate the issues in question, sad movies better prepare us, at least mentally, for the tragedy that could unfortunately become our reality one

15

day.

Above all, sad movies prompt a sense of gratitude among the audience. While disheartened by the misfortune that the characters undergo in the movie, the viewers will in turn cherish what they have in their life. This comparative reflection actually mirrors a therapeutic technique in which patients are asked to imagine someone in a worse situation in order to gain perspectives on their

20

own situation.

With the above advantages of sad movies in mind, next time when you feel down in the dumps, you may as well think about watching a sorrowful film and embrace the power of catharsis that the film can provide.

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Reading Comprehension 1. How is this passage organized?

ABy problem and solution.

BBy arguments.

CIn order of time.

DBy compare and contrast.

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of sad movies in the passage?

AHelping the viewer face real-life problems.

BMentally re-energizing the viewer.

CDeveloping a sense of gratitude in the viewer.

DOpening up the viewer’s mind.

3. Which of the following situations best matches the definition of “catharsis” in the first paragraph?

ACaroline’s bad mood was improved after she experienced the peace in the mountains.

BAlbert regretted telling a lie to his parents and decided to apologize.

CZack felt happy and loved when his friends gathered to celebrate his birthday.

DLisa became depressed after having failed a major exam.

4. What does “this break” refer to in the first paragraph?

AThe time spent hanging out with friends.

BThe period when emotions are let out.

CThe state of being influenced by depression.

DThe skill to cope with negative feelings such as sadness.

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Words and Idioms 1. empathize [`HmpEcRaIz] v. 同理 It is vital for the public to empathize with disabled people and understand their special needs.

2. stimulate [`stImjEclet] v. 刺激 Sufficient sunlight can stimulate these pot plants to grow faster and better.

3. overwhelming [covP`hwHlmIN] adj. 巨大的；極大的 Josh was under overwhelming pressure to finish the report before the coming deadline.

4. restore [rI`stor] v. 恢復；復原 Burned down in a fire, this historic museum may be impossible to restore.

5. confront [kEn`frOnt] v. 面對 Sooner or later, you will have to confront the problem. Thus, you had better start to think of a solution.

6. contemplate [`kFntHmcplet] v. 沉思 As a young adult, Lisa started to contemplate the meaning of life and her self-value.

7. prompt [prFmpt] v. 引起；激起 The generous cash award prompted many people to participate in the singing contest.

8. undergo [cOndP`go] v. 經歷（三態：undergo-underwent-undergone） Those who undergo overwhelming hardships and survive will become stronger.

9. perspective [pP`spHktIv] n. 觀點 Freedom of speech allows everyone to express their perspectives in a respectful way.

10. embrace [Im`bres] v. 1擁抱 2欣然接受 Mike embraced the opportunity to work in the US even though he spoke little English.

11. in question ph. 正在談論的（議題、問題等） The issue in question is not about economic development but about environmental protection.

12. may as well ph. 不妨 You may as well tell Jack the truth. He will figure it out anyway.

Words for Recognition v. 使減少；消耗 ★ beneficial adj. 有益的 ★ mirror v. 和…相似 ★ down in the dumps p h. 低潮、沮喪不已 ★ drain

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on ph. 反思 ★ disheartened adj. 沮喪的；洩氣的 ★ therapeutic adj. 治療的 ★ reflect

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

restore undergo

prompt perspective

1. A(n)

confront embrace

empathize stimulate

contemplate may as well

overwhelming in question

excitement swept over Joey when Fiona said “yes” to his proposal.

2. It is not easy to

your reputation if you fail to keep your promises again and again.

3. The new manager is willing to

new ideas. In fact, he encourages innovation and

creativity.

4. When it comes to critical thinking, one needs to logically develop his or her own 5. Since you don’t have any other choice, you 6. Please focus on the topic

start to work on the project.

and avoid any irrelevant comments.

7. As a mother too, Vivian can 8. The plan has

.

with the lady who lost her children in the car crash.

numerous changes. Now, it’s very different from where it started.

II. Crossword Puzzle: Read the clues below and fill in the correct answers.

1

2

3

4

5

Down 1. to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active 2. to experience something 3. to face a difficult situation Across 4. to consider one particular thing for a long time 5. to make something return to its former state or condition

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Unit 19

Environment and Ecology



The Songs in the Head When birds of many species chirp at the same time, how do the young identify which song is theirs? Do the melodies imprint when the chicks hear their parents, or are they coded in their DNA? Recently, ecologists conducted an experiment and found even if birds raised the young nestlings of another species, the nestlings would still respond more strongly to the songs of their own species.

5

Each songbird’s vocal taste was determined ― at least in part ― by genetics.

A group of ecologists examined the pied flycatcher and collared flycatcher, two birds that dwell on the same island in the Baltic sea. They already knew that nestlings of each species would start to visibly respond to their species’ songs as early as 10 days after they hatched. Taking a step further, the ecologists wanted to see if switching eggs in the nest and having the other flycatcher species

10

raise them would affect the birds’ responses to the songs.

It turned out that the birds weren’t fooled. Collared flycatcher nestlings responded more strongly to recordings of collared flycatcher adults, opening their little beaks and looking around intently for the source of the noise ― and basically ignoring the pied flycatcher songs. The results were the same the other way round. Then, the ecologists took the study a step further. Researchers used

15

the hybrids of the two species and discovered that the hybrid nestlings responded much better to pied flycatcher songs, no matter which species raised them. That suggested there was a genetic component to the song preference, since such preference was not picked up by learning from parents.

Song differences across species are vital for birds to choose suitable mates and interpret sophisticated social interactions. Unfortunately, besides rival birdsong, birds have to fight with

20

human noises like traffic. A genetic basis for song discrimination may help explain how song differences are maintained in a noisy, diverse world.

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Reading Comprehension 1. What is this passage mainly about?

AThe functions of birdsong.

BThe differences between two birdsong.

CHuman’s influence on birdsong.

DGenes’s influence on birdsong.

2. According to this passage, what did the ecologists do to conduct the experiment?

AThey switched bird eggs.

BThey used robot birds.

CThey genetically modified the birds.

DThey artificially hatched the eggs.

3. According to this passage, whose song will the hybrid nestlings better respond to?

APied flycatchers.

BCollared flycatchers.

CThe hybrids of the two species.

DThe species that raises the hybrids.

4. What does the finding that bird songs are genetically determined help explain?

AThe meanings and functions of different bird songs.

BThe patterns of the social interactions among different species of birds.

CThe mechanism of how birds understand each other.

DThe ability of birds to stick to the song of their own species.

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Words and Idioms 1. chirp [tSQp] v. / n. 鳥叫；蟲鳴 Some birds were chirping in the trees while some were looking for worms on the lawn.

2. conduct [ken`dOkt] v. 進行；實施 A survey was conducted to see how students react to bullying on campus.

3. dwell [dwHl] v. 居住 Since retirement, Hans and Monica have dwelled in the countryside and led a peaceful life.

4. hatch [hAtS] v. 孵出 Tracy let out a cry of excitement when the birds hatched out. It was the first time she had witnessed the birth of a creature.

5. intently [In`tHntlI] adv. 專心地；專注地 The boys were playing with their cellphones intently, not knowing that Mr. Lin was staring at them in anger.

6. ignore [Ig`nor] v. 忽略 Sam has been addicted to video games and ignored his studies.

7. interpret [In`tQprIt] v. 1詮釋 2口譯 I’ll interpret your silence as agreement if you don’t express your thoughts.

8. sophisticated [sE`fIstIcketId] adj. 精密的；複雜的 The bomb was highly sophisticated, which suggested that it was made by experts.

9. rival [`raIvB] n. 競爭對手 Kevin quit his job and joined a rival company, which left a bad impression on his former colleagues.

10. discrimination [dIcskrImE`neSEn] n. 1辨別；區別 2歧視 The discrimination between red and green can be a challenge to color-blinded people.

11. the other way round ph. 相反地 I thought Pokémon Go would appeal to the younger generation, but it turned out to be the

other way round. Older people became the majority of players.

12. pick up ph. 學習；習得 Young children pick up words really fast by listening to people talking.

Words for Recognition v. 銘印；銘刻 ★ nestling n. 雛鳥 ★ collared flycatcher n. 白領姬鶲 ★ hybrid n. 混種 ★ imprint

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v. 編碼 ★ pied flycatcher n. 斑姬鶲 ★ beak n. 鳥喙 ★ code

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

pick up chirp

dwell ignore

conduct rival

intently hatch

1. Jack was watching the cartoon so 2. The black bears

interpret sophisticated

discrimination the other way round

that he didn’t hear his mom calling him.

in the forests and are hardly found by human beings.

3. There are two birds

happily by the window as if they were gossiping.

4. Babies don’t develop color

until three to four months old. That is, before that,

they can’t tell the difference between colors.

5. The chicken eggs are expected to

in 10 days if they are well taken care of.

6. I greeted Lisa yesterday but she pretended not to see me. Why did she 7. People

me?

the movie differently. Some say it reflects reality while others say it is

absolutely nonsense.

8. Joseph

his basketball skills by watching NBA games and playing with his friends.

II. Mixed letters & Definition Matching: Rearrange the scrambled letters to form a word and match the word with its definition. The first one has been done for you.

1. tietrrnpe @ interpret

to come out of an egg

2. ahthc

@

to carry out a particular activity

3. dlelw

@

to live in a particular place

4. dcoucnt @

(of a bird) to make short, high sounds

5. ihcpr

@

a person, group, etc. competing with others

6. ivalr

@

to decide what the intended meaning of something is

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Unit 20  SCAN ME for more info

Real−Life Reading

An i m a l

Adoption

Have you ever thought about adopting a dog?

Before you adopt a cuddly furry ball of fun, there are some things you need to know. Please read the following information and answer the questions below to show you are 5

ready to be the daddy or mommy of a dog.

Adoption Up, Euthanasia Down In the United States, over one in three households owns a dog. In 2019, 60 million households owned a total of 89.7

Reasons for Euthanasia 2019, the USA Court’s Owner’s Order 1% Request Rabies 17% Testing Medical 7% 35% Aggressive Behavior 40%

million dogs. It’s estimated around 3.3 million dogs entered the 10

3,500 animal shelters across the US, from which approximately 1.6 million dogs were adopted.

However, 1.7 million weren’t so lucky and 670,000 dogs were euthanized. While euthanasia, or “mercy killing”, has reduced significantly over the years, we still have work to do.

Three Lessons to Learn for To-be Adopters Lesson 1 : Your lifestyle matters.

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Think about the type of person you are along with your lifestyle and living surroundings. You should also try to research different dog breeds and their temperaments in order to match up perfectly with a dog. Shelter workers will help you with application and screening processes.

Lesson 2 : Expect mistakes.

Even if a dog has been well trained, the anxiety of moving from a shelter to a totally new

20

environment can cause accidents. The first two weeks are the hardest, so please do expect mistakes from your new companion. If you don’t, it will hurt both sides. Both you and your new companion need to learn about each other’s schedules.

Lesson 3 : Understand their language.

Understanding how your dogs communicate with you means you’ll be able to recognize when

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they’re feeling confident and happy, as well as times when they might be feeling worried or frightened. So it is important that you take some time, in advance of adoption, to research

30

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some basic dog body language.

Body Language

Meaning

belly-rub pose

I’m relaxed and happy.

tail between legs

I’m anxious.

upper body down with head up I’m ready to play. tail straight up, wide-eyed

I’m on alert.

Prices for Adopting a Dog or Dogs Dogs

Age

Puppies

Price

2 months to 6 months

$ 400

6 months to less than 2 years

$ 350

Adults

2 years to 9 years

$ 200

Seniors

9+ years

$ 70

Adolescents

* Buddy Adoption: If you adopt one more adult or senior dog at the same time, the adoption price of the buddy dog will be 40% off.

Reading Comprehension 1. According to the numbers provided and the pie chart, how many dogs were euthanized for aggressive behavior in the United States in 2019?

A680,000

B640,000

C 268,000

D234,500

2. Why is it important for to-be adopters to research their lifestyles before adopting a dog?

ATo make sure they can find a compatible dog.

BTo help shelter workers screen the dogs.

CTo avoid the application and screening process.

DTo acquire a cute designer dog.

3. What does the author mean by saying “... if you don’t” in Lesson 2?

It means “If you don’t

.”

4. According to the dogs’ body language chart, what message does the dog in this picture try to communicate to its owner?

5. Rosemary has decided to adopt Milo and Kitty, the files of which are presented as follows. According to the price chart, how much does Rosemary need to pay?

MILO (A536694) Male 1 year, 6 months old

KITTY (A536719) Female 5 years old

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Words and Idioms 1. adopt [E`dapt] v. 領養 Mr. and Mrs. Smith have no children of their own, so they adopted a baby girl last year.

2. shelter [`SHltP] n. 收容所；避難所 They opened a shelter to provide free housing and food for homeless people.

3. approximately [E`praksEmItlI] adv. 大約 It is estimated that approximately 1,000 people attended the great man’s funeral.

4. significantly [sIg`nIfEkEntlI] adv. 顯著地；相當地 With Jenny’s help, my grades have improved significantly—from 38 to 83.

5. surroundings [sE`raUndINz] n. 周遭環境 Sophia was well liked by her new colleagues and settled very well in her new surroundings.

6. breed [brid] n. 1（動物）品種 2（人）類型 My favorite breed of dog is Golden Retriever.

7. screening [`skrinIN] n. 篩檢；檢測 Cancer screening aims to detect cancer before symptoms appear.

8. anxiety [AN`zaIEtI] n. 焦慮 Jason seems to feel a lot of anxiety about the presentation. He looks so nervous and worried.

9. schedule [`skHdZUl] n. 行程表；時刻表 The president has a super busy schedule. I’m wondering how much time she has to eat for lunch or dinner.

10. alert [E`lQt] n. 警戒狀態；警報 If a dog is on alert, its tail is held high up over the back and its eyes are wide open.

11. adolescent [cAdB`Hsnt] n. 青少年 Dave is 17 years old. As an adolescent, he is not as dependent on his parents as he used to be.

12. in advance (of...) ph. 提前；在…之前 You are advised to book the ticket weeks in advance because it sells out quickly.

Words for Recognition ★ furry adj. 毛茸茸的 adj. 可愛的；令人想抱的 ★ euthanize v. 將…安樂死（euthanasia n. 安樂死） ★ to-be adj. 待成為…的 ★ temperament n. 性情 ★ buddy n. 夥伴 ★ cuddly

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Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

anxiety screening

adopt adolescent

alert approximately

1. We’re already one month behind

shelter breed

significantly schedule

surroundings in advance

. I’m afraid we can’t meet the deadline.

2. Allison likes her new neighbor and adapts to the new

quickly.

3. After undergoing a series of

, the patient was diagnosed as kidney cancer.

4. I’ll make copies of the files

so that the attendees can refer to them at the meeting.

5. There is growing public

over levels of air pollution in central Taiwan.

6. This politician is a rare

—he’s truly honest and decent.

7. The volunteers built a temporary 8. You had better be on

for the earthquake victims. for anyone who looks suspicious.

II. Cloze Test: Choose the correct answer to each question.

Now you’ve decided to adopt a dog. But there are some important things you have to know 1.

adoption. First, make sure your lifestyle and your living

2.

are compatible with the

dog. Say, if you are a retired stay-at-home senior citizen, you might not make the best companion to a very active German Shepherd. Second, be patient. When dogs are in the

3.

, they are

taken good care of by volunteers. So, when they move to a new environment with a new family, they will feel a lot of

4.

. It takes a little time for them to get used to the new home—two or

three weeks or so. You need to trust and bond with your dog. Third, know their language. Dogs do talk—not with words but with their action. Understanding their body language helps you react appropriately to their emotions and needs. Above all, when you take it home, you have to remember that it’s a lifelong commitment. Love it. Don’t abandon it. You will find that your life has been

5.

changed by this cuddly furry ball of fun.

1. A regardless of

Bin advance of

C on behalf of

D at the cost of

2. A destinations

Bsurroundings

C perspectives

D portions

3. A schedule

Bscreening

C shelter

D scandal

4. A existence

B generosity

C discrimination

D anxiety

5. A intently

Bconventionally

C significantly

Dabsurdly

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Unit 21

Science and Technology



Cheaper Access to Space The idea of reusable spaceplanes has been around since the beginning of the Space Age. 1.

On March 30th,

2017, SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket launched a geosynchronous communication satellite at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center 5

in Florida. It is partially reusable, with the first stage of the rocket capable of re-entering the atmosphere and landing back vertically after separating from the second stage. The first stage for this mission had previously supported a space station cargo resupply launch for NASA in 2016 and was later

10

recovered. 2.

Founded in 2002, SpaceX is the innovative and ambitious private aerospace manufacturer established by tech entrepreneur Elon Musk, now its CEO and also CEO of Tesla Motors. Musk believes a fully and rapidly 15

reusable rocket is a breakthrough in substantially reducing the cost of space access. Compared with most conventional rockets, which are designed to fly and burn up on reentry, Space X rockets can withstand reentry and land back on earth and fly again. Imagine

20

that each new space rocket costs about the same as Falcon 9, but can fly multiple times and conduct tens of thousands of flights over its lifetime. 3.

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As reusable rockets could make space flights less expensive, they would occur more frequently, leading to more exhaust 25

being released to the atmosphere. 4.

They need to

make the rocket’s fuel efficient before increasing the number of rockets being shot into space, as this creates a majority of the pollution during the launch process. While the emergence of reusable rockets may sound like exciting news, the implications 30

of this new technology should be examined skeptically and without reckless eagerness.

A However, not until recent years have we really seen them take off.

B To protect the environment from the impact of space exploration, it is necessary that SpaceX comes up with a solution.

C This successful reflight of a recovered rocket represents a historic milestone on the road to full and rapid rocket reusability.

D Following this model, a rapidly reusable space launch vehicle could significantly reduce the cost of traveling to space by a hundredfold.

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Words and Idioms 1. capable [`kepEbB] adj. 有能力的 With strong will and great leadership, Jenny is capable of leading the school team to final victory.

2. mission [`mISEn] n. 任務 My English teacher has always regarded it as her mission to help students learn English well.

3. cargo [`kFrgo] n. （輪船、飛機等大型交通工具裝載的）貨物 The company claims their ship unloaders are designed to transfer the cargos from ship to shore in the most efficient way.

4. recover [rI`kOvP] v. 1重新得到 2恢復健康 All of the four original paintings stolen from the gallery have finally been recovered.

5. ambitious [Am`bISEs] adj. 有抱負的；志向遠大的 Victor has always had an ambitious dream of becoming a business entrepreneur.

6. establish [E`stAblIS] v. 建立 Most of the budget will be used to establish new elementary schools in the remote areas.

7. substantially [sEb`stAnSElI] adv. 實質上 Many people can’t afford to buy a house since the housing prices have risen substantially for the past decade.

8. withstand [wIT`stAnd] v. 承受（三態：withstand-withstood-withstood） The buildings are designed to withstand as much strong winds as possible in order to minimize damage to the structure.

9. exploration [cHksplE`reSEn] n. 探索；探測 Scientists hope that data collected from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.

10. fuel [`fjUEl] n. 燃料 Almost all scientists agree that burning fossil fuels is contributing to climate change.

11. implication [cImplI`keSEn] n. 暗示；含意 The major implication of her report is that language teachers should be equipped with a multimedia classroom in order to teach effectively.

12. reckless [`rHklIs] adj. 魯莽的；輕率的 The truck driver was accused of causing an accident with heavy injuries by reckless driving.

Words for Recognition ★ geosynchronous

communication satellite 地球同步通訊衛星 ★ NASA 美國國家航空暨太空總署 ★ vertically adv. 垂直地 ★ atmosphere n. 大氣層 ★ resupply n. 補給 ★ aerospace n. 航空航太工業的 ★ skeptically adv. 懷疑地 ★ emergence n. 出現

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Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

ambitious cargo

mission withstand

fuel reckless

capable exploration

establish recover

implication substantially

1. The reason why the entrepreneur is so successful is that he never makes any move even in the face of crisis.

2. So far, the police have only a very small portion of the stolen jewelry.

3. More than half the ship’s 100,000-ton of crude oil has already been spilled.

4. The coat was made of a strong fabric which can steam and high temperatures.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, with part of the 5. Bill Gates and his wife fund dedicated to programs concerning education, health and climate change.

6. The result of the election has a profound for the future relationship between the two countries.

7. There is no denying that space plays a significant role in human history. of finishing the difficult task alone within three weeks.

8. To everyone’s surprise, Mike was

II. Crossword Puzzle: Read the clues below and fill in the correct answers.

1 2 4 5

6

7

8 9

3

Down 1. a substance that is used to provide heat or power, usually by being bumed 2. doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results 3. able to do things effectively and skillfully 4. to be strong enough, or not be changed by something 5. the activity of searching and finding out about something 6. an important job, that someone is sent somewhere to do 8. the goods carried by a ship, aircraft, or other large vehicle

Across 2. to get back something lost or spent 7. having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich 9. an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly

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Unit 22

Society and Culture



This is mysterious. A crime novel called The Cuckoo’s

What It Takes to be a

Bestseller ?

Calling sold only about 1,500 copies in the first three months after being published. Yet, this changed overnight with the revelation of the book’s actual author ― a surge 5

of orders on Amazon lifted it from 5,076th place to top of the sales chart! What on earth was the magic potion?

Mystery unraveled: it was written by J. K. Rowling, under a pseudonym, Robert Galbraith.

Like her record-breaking Harry Potter novel series, The

10

Cuckoo’s Calling was turned away by several firms before finally hitting the market. Orion Publishing’s fiction editor Kate Mills was among those who admitted to rejecting the story. She thought the work was “perfectly decent, but quiet” and confessed she could not find a unique selling-point for it in a crowded market. Cathy

15

Rentzenbrink, a reviewer for trade magazine The Bookseller, revealed that she had read only one chapter before ditching The Cuckoo’s Calling. However, Publisher’s Weekly and the few other outlets gave the novel positive reviews. But the author’s assured style and skill at describing women’s clothes and people’s

20

appearances led The Sunday Times to speculate that an established female novelist might be behind the book. Further detective work uncovered the fact that Galbraith and Miss Rowling shared the same publisher and editor, David Shelley. Rowling finally confessed to being the author. “David Shelley had been ‘a true

25

partner in this crime,’ ” she said.

In fact, it isn’t the first time Rowling has changed her name to publish her work. In 2012, her first novel for adults ― The Casual Vacancy ― was published under a pseudonym as well. “It has been wonderful to get feedback under a different name,” Rowling

30

said in a statement. Rowling’s “liberating” act has indeed caused quite a stir in the publishing industry. In a tweet, one bookstore in Oxford joked: “SPECIAL OFFER: For today only, ALL of our

88

books were written by J. K. Rowling!”

Reading Comprehension 1. The mystery in the first paragraph refers to why

.

AJ. K. Rowling wrote The Cuckoo’s Calling BJ. K. Rowling modified her name to publish The Cuckoo’s Calling Cthe sales of The Cuckoo’s Calling soared in a very short time DThe Cuckoo’s Calling was rejected by some publishers 2. Why did Kate Mills reject The Cuckoo’s Calling?

ABecause it was poorly written and not accessible to readers.

BBecause it was not popular on Twitter.

CBecause it wouldn’t be a profitable investment.

DBecause it didn’t get positive feedback from other editors.

3. Which of the following statements about The Cuckoo’s Calling is true?

ACathy Rentzenbrink didn’t think highly of the book.

BRobert Galbraith is the main character in the book.

CDavid Shelley inspired J. K. Rowling to write this crime novel.

DThe book and The Casual Vacancy were published under the same pseudonym.

4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A The Sunday Times confirmed that the author of The Cuckoo’s Calling was J. K. Rowling.

BThe Cuckoo’s Calling got mixed feedback from publishers.

CJ. K. Rowling does not excel at describing crime scenes.

DJ. K. Rowling’s books are mainly sold in the bookstores in Oxford.

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Words and Idioms 1. revelation [rHvB`eSEn] n. 被揭露的內情；驚人的事實真相 He was surprised by the revelation that he had been stalked by the police.

2. surge [sQdZ] v. / n. 遽增；飆升 Jane’s new book enjoyed a huge surge in popularity after it hit the market.

3. admit [Ed`mIt] v. 承認（三態：admit-admitted-admitted） At first, Dave denied eating my apple cake, but later he admitted (to) it.

4. decent [`disnt] adj. 體面的；正派的；像樣的 We thought he was a decent person, but after shocking revelations about his private life appeared in the papers, we got to know his true colors.

5. confess [kEn`fHs] v. 招認；坦承 Sam confessed to stalking the woman and taking photos of her.

6. speculate [`spHkjEclet] v. 推測；猜想 Many people are speculating whether the notorious serial killer will be put to death.

7. established [Es`tAblISt] adj. （因優秀而）被認可的；著名的 Dr. Lee is an established surgeon in keyhole surgery. His skills are greatly recognized.

8. detective [dI`tHktIv] n. 偵探 Jessie hired a private detective to find out if her husband was cheating on her.

9. feedback [`fidcbAk] n. 回饋意見（不可數名詞） We strive to improve our products based on customers’ feedback.

10. liberate [`lIbEcret] v. 解放；使自由 Modern technology has liberated people from many hard chores.

11. stir [stQ] n. 騷動 The news that the super model married the Japanese actor caused quite a stir in the entertainment industry.

12. on earth ph. 到底（用以強調語氣） I really don’t get what you said. What on earth did you mean?

Words for Recognition potion n. 神奇藥水（致勝祕訣） ★ pseudonym n. 假名；筆名 ★ outlet n. 經銷點 ★ magic

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★ unravel

v. 揭開（謎團或複雜的問題）

v. 丟棄 ★ tweet n. 推特發文 ★ ditch

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

detective feedback

established on earth

revelation confess

decent surge

stir speculate

admit liberate

1. Music me from my annoying daily life. When I listen to my favorite songs, I feel happy and it seems that life is not that difficult.

2. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison last year after he killing his neighbor.

3. Why did you lie to him? I just don’t get it.

4. We are looking for a clean, quiet hostel with appropriate privacy and food. on the cause of the 5. Since we don’t have any more information, it is useless to train crash.

6. Mr. Anderson hired two private to investigate his son’s death.

7. After reading my essay, Sammy gave me a lot of to improve it.

8. The sex scandal involving the politicians and celebrities created quite a(n) in society.

II. Cloze Test: Choose the correct answer to each question.

When The Cuckoo’s Calling, a crime novel written by Robert Galbraith, hit the market, it did not sell well. Yet, the sale of it soared overnight with the 1. of its actual author— J.K. Rowling. Like her record-breaking Harry Potter novel series, The Cuckoo’s Calling was rejected by several publishers before being published. Orion Publishing’s editor Kate Mills 2. to turning away the story, saying that it didn’t have a unique selling-point in a crowded market. Cathy Rentzenbrink, a reviewer for trade magazine The Bookseller, said she ditched it after reading only one chapter. However, a few outlets gave the novel positive 3. . Publisher’s Weekly, for example, praised The Cuckoo’s Calling for the author’s assured style. The Sunday Times also gave the novel the thumbs-up for the author’s skill at describing women’s clothes and people’s appearances. This led The Sunday Times to 4. that the author might be an established female novelist. Further detective work finally uncovered the fact that Rowling was the author. Rowling said in a statement, “Being Robert Galbraith has been such a liberating experience.” Her “liberating” act has made headlines and caused a real 5. in the publishing industry. In a tweet, one bookstore in Oxford joked: “ALL of our books were written

by J.K. Rowling.”

1. A revelation Bambition C exploration D reflection 2. A featured B confessed C approached D transformed 3. Aitinerary Bmaintenance C concept D feedback 4. Amanufacture B speculate C disguise D evolve 5. Astripe B cargo C stir D fuel

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Unit 23

Lifestyles and Health



Color Forecasting

Have you ever wondered why a gorgeous pink sweater looks amazing on your friend but doesn’t work for you, or why you always get compliments about how beautiful you 5

look when you wear a blue shirt? Maybe it is all about color! According to lots of studies, color affects our appearance, how we feel, and how others view us. Believe it or not, professionals from around the world gather

10

together to chat over and discuss the ways color defines our lives, which is a special task called color forecasting.

Color forecasting is the practice of predicting the colors that consumers will want to purchase in the coming seasons.

Professionals from all over the globe harness the power

15

of their collective knowledge to predict which colors will

be “in” for seasons to come. Companies use this wisdom for smarter design. They use color forecasting in packaging, product design, and more. By giving clues to the future color trend for companies to follow in their product design, color forecasting provides the power for companies to communicate with their consumers with greater precision.

20

One of the best-known color trend forecasting agencies is The Pantone Color Institute, which highlights the top seasonal colors, selects the Pantone Color of the Year, and forecasts global color trends. The selection process requires thoughtful consideration and trend analysis. To reach an agreement on the selection each year, Pantone’s color experts search the world looking for sources of color influences, including the entertainment industry, new artists, latest fashion, as well as

25

new lifestyles and economic conditions. In addition, they will also find inspiration from new technologies, materials, textures, relevant social media platforms and even upcoming international sporting events that capture the world’s attention. For example, they may take the representative color of the city that hosts the event into consideration.

With all the interesting information about color forecasting, why don’t

30

you go and check it out on the Internet? Who knows? Perhaps the color of the jacket you are putting on right now might be the next Pantone Color of the year!

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Reading Comprehension 1. In which publication are readers most likely to come across this article?

AFeature Stories in Show Business.

BGuide to Shopping for High Quality Furniture.

CFashion Trends and News.

DTechnology of the Future.

2. Which of the following statements is true about color forecasting?

AIt can be used to analyze consumers’ mental condition.

BIt is determined by the result of a thorough scientific survey.

CIt serves as color inspiration for product design.

DIt is greatly influenced by the sales of products in the previous year.

3. Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor in selecting the Pantone Color of the Year?

AThe latest technological advancement.

BRelevant posts on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

CInformation about new artists.

DPersonal lifestyles of color-forecasting experts.

4. What is the author’s attitude toward color forecasting?

ACritical.

BDoubtful.

CHostile.

DPositive.

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Words and Idioms 1. gorgeous [`gGrdZEs] adj. 美麗動人的 At the wedding party, the bride looked so gorgeous in the evening gown.

2. compliment [`kFmplEmEnt] n. / v. 恭維；稱讚 When people ask me if I have lost some weight, I often take it as a compliment.

3. define [dI`faIn] v. 下定義；界定 Would you please define the technical terms before you go on with your lecture?

4. forecast [`forckAst] v. / n. 預測；預報（三態：forecast-forecast-forecast） The researchers forecast a further drop in birth rate in our country over the next ten years.

5. predict [prI`dIkt] v. 預料；預計 So far, no one can predict exactly when an earthquake will occur.

6. select [sE`lHkt] v. 選擇；挑選（selection n. 選擇） My best friend, Max, has hopes of being selected for the school basketball team.

7. trend [trHnd] n. 趨勢；傾向 There’s been a downward trend in sales over the last few seasons.

8. analysis [E`nAlEsIs] n. 分析（複數：analyses） The professor insisted that a further detailed analysis of the data should be necessary.

9. condition [kEn`dISEn] n. 狀況；狀態 The patient is now in a critical condition and needs to have an operation immediately.

10. inspiration [cInspE`reSEn] n. 1靈感 2鼓舞人心的人（或事物） The director said that he got the inspiration for the movie from a news story he had read on the internet.

11. capture [`kAptSP] v. 獲得；捕獲 All of the escaped prisoners were captured and sent back to prison.

12. (days / seasons / years ...) to come ph. 未來的（日子 季節 數年…） Human beings will be struggling with the consequences of global warming for years to come.

Words for Recognition v. 利用 ★ highlight v. 強調 ★ relevant adj. 相關的 ★ social media platform n. 社群媒體平臺 ★ harness

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adj. 集體的；共同的 ★ entertainment n. 娛樂（節目） ★ texture n. 質地；質感 ★ upcoming adj. 即將來臨的 ★ collective

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

forecast define

analysis capture

1. What a

gorgeous trend

compliment predict

select condition

to come inspiration

day it is! Let’s go for a walk in the park.

2. Andy has excellent people skills partly because he knows how to pay others 3. I wonder where exactly the author got the 4. The legendary player has been

.

for his new book. as MVP for five years in a row.

5. Secondhand car as it is, it has been well maintained and is in excellent 6. The word “budget” is often

.

as “a plan of how money will be spent.”

7. The police arrived at the bank immediately and

the bank robbers right on the spot.

8. According to the fashion news, an oversized coat is the new

this year.

II. Completion: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

to come

select

trend

analysis

predict

condition

Fashion is one of the most changeable industries. This is mainly because it is often quite difficult to 1.

. The latest 2.

in colors, prints, cuts, patterns, and materials

change faster than you can ever imagine, making sales forecasting a challenge for long-standing brands and newcomers alike. Retailers depend on fashion forecasters to tell them what’s going to be hot in the seasons 3.

. However, forecasting isn’t an exact science. Successful

fashion forecasters rely on a detailed 4. information may be 5. take economic 6.

of all the information available to them. The

from history or recent fashion news. Sometimes, they might even into consideration. In a word, it takes a lot of experts and resources to

catch an evolving direction for fast-fashion or prepare to meet seasonal demands.

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Unit 24 

Real−Life Reading

Recommendation Letter

November, 25, 2020 Cornell University Admissions Committee 410 Thurston Avenue 5

Ithaca, NY 14850

Schöne Universität

Dear Admissions Committee Members, It is my honor to recommend Franziska Schröder for admission to the Economics Department’s Undergraduate Program at Cornell University.

Franziska obviously shows a great interest in economics. She always enjoys reading and 10

discussing with her classmates the articles in The Economist, a magazine that she has been reading for three years on a constant basis, using it to both improve her English and keep abreast of the most recent financial news. In addition, she keeps up with the international events by watching CNN and BBC news.

Franziska has also demonstrated the ability to be able to cope with the demanding curriculum in

15

our school. She shows excellence in all fields, particularly in foreign languages and social studies.

As her counselor for more than two years, I have observed her exceptional performances in these lessons. With her great effort and the results she produced (she has received A’s in all her social studies courses), I must conclude that she will be a great match for the economics major at your school.

20

Franziska is always eager to learn and broaden her horizons. She is a member of the MUN (Model United Nations), a conference similar to the United Nations, in which students participate as delegates to various UN committees. Participants have to research and formulate policy proposals that they will then debate with their fellow delegates in the committee. Franziska also acted in leadership roles. She was a host at the Welcoming Ceremony of International Exchange

25

Students in Germany and selected to represent Germany to take part in the Environmental and Leadership Camp at Hakfar Hayarok, Israel.

If your university is looking for someone who already shows aptitude for her chosen area of study, who is not afraid of obstacles in her path, and who has the potential to succeed in the modern global community, then I firmly believe that Franziska is the person you are looking for.

30

96

Sincerely

Frandies Tjiptono

Head of Counseling Center

Reading Comprehension 1. What information is NOT included in this letter?

AThe institute that will receive this letter.

BThe person who wrote this letter and his relationship with the applicant.

CThe tips on getting selected to take part in leadership camps.

DSpecific examples to show the applicant’s strengths and qualifications.

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Franziska in this letter?

AA communicative leader.

BA highly motivated learner.

CA diligent goal pursuer.

DA professional UN delegate.

3. Which of the following books is Franziska probably most interested in?

A

B

C

The Four Pillars of Investing

The Myths About Aging

D

How Policy And Practice In Bilingual Education

School Counseling Benefits Students

4. Which paragraph shows why the writer has a full understanding of Franziska’s academic achievements?

AThe first paragraph.

BThe second paragraph.

CThe third paragraph.

DThe fourth paragraph.

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Words and Idioms 1. admission [Ed`mISEn] n.（機關或建築等）准許進入 The teenager tried to enter a nightclub but was refused admission.

2. constant [`kFnstEnt] adj. 持續的 The constant noise from TV is driving me crazy! Can you shut it off ?

3. financial [faI`nAnSEl] adj. 財務的；金融的 The company is in serious financial difficulties. Obviously, it needs more financial assistance from the government.

4. demonstrate [`dHmEncstret] v. 展現 The student demonstrated his exceptional passion for the undergraduate program, and he eventually gained admission to his dream school.

5. curriculum [kE`rIkjElEm] n. 課程（複數：curricula） Physical Education is an essential part of the school curriculum.

6. exceptional [Ik`sHpSEnB] adj. 卓越的；無比的 J.K. Rowling is, undoubtedly, an exceptional writer.

7. horizons [hE`raIznz] n. 眼界；視野（複數名詞） Reading and traveling both help broaden your horizons.

8. conference [`kFnfErEns] n. 會議 Mr. Johnson is not available at the moment. He’s in conference.

9. aptitude [`AptEctjud] n. 才能；天資 John has a natural aptitude for teaching. He will make a great teacher in the future.

10. obstacle [`FbstEkB] n. 障礙 The biggest obstacle to her career is her parents’ disapproval.

11. on a … basis ph. 依照（某個方式來行動） Davis is saving on a regular basis to pay for his college tuition.

12. keep abreast of ph. 了解…的最新情況 As a designer, Tommy finds it important to keep abreast of the latest fashion.

Words for Recognition n. 經濟學 ★ formulate v. 構思；規劃 ★ delegate n. （會議中的）代表 ★ economics

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★ counselor ★ fellow

n. 顧問

n. 夥伴

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

conference demonstrate

curriculum horizons

financial admission

obstacle constant

exceptional keep abreast of aptitude on a monthly basis

1. Maria displayed a(n) talent for music when she was young. She is now a worldfamous musician.

2. After graduation, they still kept in contact and met up once a year.

3. The sign says, “No before 9:00 am.” In other words, you have to wait until 9:00 so that you are allowed to enter the building.

4. Taking part in this international camp has really helped expand my .

5. My son has no for sports. He cannot swim, run, or play basketball.

6. Lori reads newspapers every day to what is happening around the world.

7. The customer seemed to a great interest in our new product because he kept asking questions about it.

8. The major to achieving our goal is money. Without enough money, we couldn’t make it happen.

II. Cloze Test: Choose the correct answer to each question.

Franziska Schröder is a twelfth grader in Schöne Universität, Germany. She has decided to go to the United States for further studies. As she is greatly interested in economics, she plans to apply to the Economics Department’s Undergraduate Program at Cornell University. Last week, when she asked if her school counselor, Frandies Tjiptono, could write a recommendation letter for her, he said yes without hesitation. In fact, Franziska and Mr. Tjiptono meet on a regular 1. , so he knows her very well. In his eyes, Franziska is an exceptional student. She is able to 2. the difficult and demanding curriculum in the school, and her academic performance has been excellent. Besides, she loves reading magazines and watching news from the CNN and the BBC to 3. the current events. Above all, she is actively involved in extracurricular activities to broaden her 4. . Therefore, Mr. Tjiptono is glad to recommend Franziska and he hopes that she will gain 5. to her dream university, Cornell University.

1. A basis B stage C access D quote 2. Award off B cope with C take on D put forward 3. A cut down on B take a toll on C keep abreast of Dgo to great lengths to 4. A conditions B itineraries C approaches D horizons 5. A reflection B admission Crevelation D implication

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Unit 25

Environment and Ecology



The Amazon rainforest is a vast tract of largely untamed jungle that spans more than 2 million square miles in northern South America, mainly in Brazil and partly in Peru, Colombia and six other nations. As the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, the Amazon rainforest is home to millions of plants and animals. This abundance of life is vital to the survival of human societies. In addition 5

to its biodiversity, the Amazon rainforest plays a critical role in regulating the climate, with its trees absorbing and storing millions of tons of carbon dioxide ― a key greenhouse gas that drives global climate change.

Unfortunately, having existed for 50 million years, the Amazon rainforest is now under threat not only because of wildfires but also because of fires set to clear land for ranching and agriculture.

10

Over the decades, fires break out every year in the Amazon rainforest, often accidentally during the dry months of September and October. But recent satellite photographs showed that many fires in the Brazilian portion of the rainforest were set deliberately to clear land.

Scientists who study the Amazon rainforest worry that deforestation could bring it to an ecological “tipping point” at which the entire ecosystem collapses. That could cripple regional economies

15

and cause the loss of many indigenous species. What’s worse, the decline of the Amazon rainforest could also affect the global climate. If the burning of vegetation released all that carbon into the atmosphere, efforts to limit climate change by cutting down on carbon dioxide emissions would become pointless.

In response to rapid deforestation in the Amazon, the Brazilian government has reformed its

20

forest laws, resulting in a wide range of new regulations and policies aimed at stopping deforestation while promoting economic activities. But that doesn’t seem to be enough to stop the fires. It is time for all the residents on earth to take action to change the way we look after our planet before it is too late.

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Reading Comprehension 1. Which of the following information is NOT included in the first paragraph?

AThe location of the Amazon rainforest.

BThe list of indigenous species in the Amazon rainforest.

CThe significance of the Amazon rainforest.

DThe size of the Amazon rainforest.

2. What does “tipping point” in the third paragraph most likely mean?

AThe time at which a change in an evolving situation cannot be stopped.

BThe most exciting or important moment in an event, usually near the end.

CThe point at which a process or an activity is the most successful.

DThe early stage of growth or development of something.

3. How did the Brazilian government respond to rapid deforestation within the country?

ABy placing more restrictions to limit their economic activity.

BBy moving the residents to other places to protect rainforests.

CBy improving laws and enacting new regulations.

DBy calling on the international community to help.

4. According to the first paragraph, the Amazon Rainforest is important not only because of its critical role in regulating the climate, but also because of its

.

5. Based on the second paragraph, what are the two reasons why the Amazon Rainforest is under threat?

(1) (2)

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Words and Idioms 1. abundance [E`bOndEns] n. 豐富；充足 There is an abundance of fresh fruit and vegetables available in this supermarket.

2. regulate [`rHgjEclet] v. 管理；控制 The patient is advised to take the drug on time, for it helps to regulate his blood sugar.

3. agriculture [`AgrIckOltSP] n. 農業 In some under-developed countries, agriculture is still largely based on traditional methods.

4. satellite [`sAtBcaIt] n. 人造衛星 The Olympic games can be transmitted around the world by satellite.

5. deliberately [dI`lIbErItlI] adv. 故意地 Peter said that he didn’t push Lucy deliberately and that it was an accident.

6. collapse [kE`lAps] v. / n. 崩潰；瓦解 Over half of the buildings were badly damaged in the earthquake and may collapse at any time.

7. cripple [`krIpB] v. 1使陷入癱瘓 2使殘廢 The soccer team was almost crippled by the absence of its key player.

8. regional [`ridZEnB] adj. 地區的；區域的 Development in nuclear power has posed a threat to regional and world peace.

9. indigenous [In`dIdZInEs] adj. 土生土長的 It is crucial for governments in all countries to try their best to preserve indigenous culture.

10. resident [`rHzEdEnt] n. 居民 Local residents are staging a protest against the worsening air pollution in the city.

11. be home to ph. 是…的棲息地 The tropical rainforest is home to some of the most diverse and unique species on the planet.

12. cut down on ph. 減少；縮減 Most doctors advise that the patients should cut down on smoking and drinking coffee.

Words for Recognition ★ untamed adj. 未開發的 n. 大片土地 ★ span v. 延伸到… ★ biodiversity n. 生物多樣性 ★ ranch v. 經營牧場（或農場） ★ vegetation n. 植被 ★ emission n. （氣體、熱量、光線等的）排放 ★ pointless adj. 無意義的 ★ tract

102

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

regulate agriculture

cripple abundance

collapse regional

1 Recently, tourism has replaced 2. It is believed that the

resident satellite

deliberately indigenous

cut down on be home to

as the nation’s major source of income. people have lived on this island for hundreds of years.

3. These parking spaces are reserved for the

living in the neighborhood only.

4. To lose some weight, my roommate decides to

his consumption of junk food.

5. This fertile land used to

a large variety of plants and animals.

6. Emma’s parents strictly

how much TV she gets to watch during weekdays.

7. David thought his whole world had

when he was diagnosed with cancer.

8. According to the news, the traffic flow in the city’s downtown area was

by a

series of car accidents.

II. Match: Match each word with its definition. The first one has been done for you.

1. regional

to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support

2. collapse

the situation in which there is more than enough of something

3. regulate

to injure someone so that they are unable to walk or move in a normal way

4. resident

relating to or coming from a particular part of a country

5. abundance

a person who lives or has their home in a place

6. cripple

to control an activity or process, especially by rules

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Unit 26

Lifestyles and Health



d i a r f A u o Are Y ? d l a B g n i of Go Are you afraid of going bald? Hair loss might be the greatest nightmare that can happen to both men and women. Accordingly, across the globe, $3.5 billion is spent on baldness treatments every 5

year. 1.

Interestingly, the attempt to

cope with baldness actually dates back to thousands of years ago.

To cure baldness, a 5,000-year-old Egyptian recipe suggested rubbing fats from hippos, crocodiles, snakes and other animals on the scalp, while the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed the best cure for 10

baldness was pigeon poop mixed with herbs. During the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar employed a variety of methods to hide his thinning hair.

In addition to the laurel wreath that he wore, he first grew his hair long in the back, and then combed it forward over his bald area. 2.

One

company actually invented a “vacuum helmet” which people could wear 15

to “pump their hair out.”

Presumptions of what causes hair loss have also varied to a great extent. Aristotle thought it was caused by sex. Later theories included “dryness of the brain,” which was a consequence of air pollution or, funnily, the wrong haircut. 3.

20

104

Barbers and medical journals

leapt into action, announcing that combs should be boiled regularly and

that under no circumstances should members of bald families share combs. Nowadays, the cause of baldness is known to be genetic as well as physiological ― resulting from a chemical called “dihydrotestosterone (DHT)” 25

According to a study, while the bald men are not considered as physically attractive as the other men, one category of scores was far higher. 4.

So, if you happen to have thinning hair, look on the

bright side ― being bald is probably not all bad.

A From expensive creams, shampoos, wigs, to surgery, people exert themselves to prevent baldness.

B Back in 1897, a wave of panic swept the globe after a French scientist claimed he had discovered the true culprit: a microbe.

C Then in the early 1800s, hundreds of so-called “hair loss solutions” showed up.

D The men were consistently rated as more intelligent, influential, knowledgeable, and well-educated ― traits collectively known as social maturity.

105

Words and Idioms 1. bald [bGld] adj. 禿頭的（baldness n. 禿頭） Albert is worried about going bald as his father and uncles have all suffered baldness.

2. accordingly [E`kGrdINlI] adv. 因此 Smoking is harmful to health. Accordingly, teenagers are not allowed to smoke.

3. physician [fI`zISEn] n. 內科醫師 The physician suggested the patient consume less fried food to stay healthy.

4. herb [hQb] n. 藥草 The garden is planted with a kind of herb that can effectively treat burns.

5. employ [Im`plGI] v. 1使用；利用 2僱用 Nowadays, many teachers in Taiwan employ technology in the classroom.

6. presumption [prI`zOmpSEn] n. 推測；假定 Ted held the presumption that Mina was in love with him from the way she looked at him.

7. circumstance [`sQkEmcstAns] n. 情形；情況（常用複數） I can’t give you a definite answer until I learn about all the circumstances.

8. consistently [kEn`sIstEntlI] adv. 始終如一地；一貫地 Linda has consistently showed a great interest in becoming a teacher.

9. collectively [kE`lHktIvlI] adv. 共同地 The government and citizens should work collectively to reduce plastic pollution.

10. maturity [mE`tjUrEtI] n. 成熟 Many girls are attracted to Elvin because of his maturity and sophistication.

11. exert oneself (to V.) ph. 盡全力（去做…） Despite losing the game, all of the players have already exerted themselves.

12. to a great extent ph. 很大的程度而言；非常；顯著地 Ms. Chang’s words of encouragement have inspired me to a great extent.

Words for Recognition ★ scalp n. 頭皮 n. 假髮 ★ Hippocrates n. 希波克拉底（醫學之父） ★ Julius Caesar n. 凱薩大帝 ★ laurel wreath n. 桂冠 ★ Aristotle n. 亞里斯多德 ★ culprit n. 元凶 ★ physiological adj. 生理的 ★ leap into action n. 採取行動（leap / leapt / leapt） ★ dihydrotestosterone n. 二氫睪固酮 ★ wig

106

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

accordingly circumstance 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

physician maturity

consistently collectively

bald herb

presumption employ

to a great extent exert oneself

Bob stayed calm and dealt with the problem with and wisdom.

Individually, people have little power, but they can be more influential.

In Chinese medicine, are used to treat patients of different symptoms.

To win the debate contest, Albert and his teammates , spending the whole weekend studying the issue in discussion.

There is no reliable scientific evidence to support the that humans are born evil.

My parents always tell me that under no am I allowed to steal and cheat.

Over the years, Hank has dedicated himself to charity, making monthly donations to Greenpeace, for example.

The earthquake damaged the building seriously. , no one dared to live in it.

II. Cloze Test: Choose the correct answer to each question.

Are you afraid of going bald? Hair loss might be the greatest nightmare that can happen to both men and women. Accordingly, across the globe, $3.5 billion is spent on baldness treatments every year. From expensive creams, shampoos, wigs, to surgery, people 1. themselves to prevent baldness. Interestingly, the attempt to cope with baldness actually 2. back to thousands of years ago.

To cure baldness, a 5,000-year-old Egyptian 3. suggested rubbing fats from hippos, crocodiles, snakes and other animals on the scalp, while the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed the best cure for baldness was pigeon poop mixed with herbs. During the Roman Empire, Julius Caesar 4. a variety of methods to hide his thinning hair. In addition to the laurel wreath that he wore, he first grew his hair long in the back, and then combed it forward over his bald area.

5. , in the early 1800s, hundreds of so-called “hair loss solutions” showed up.

One company actually invented a “vacuum helmet” which people could wear to “pump their hair out.”

1. Aexert Bhighlight C entertain D liberate 2. A dates Btraces C sends D tracks 3. Atrigger Bcompliment C sponsor D recipe 4. Aprogressed Bcontaminated C employed D participated 5. AOtherwise B Then C However D Instead

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Unit 27

Science and Technology



Zero-day Vulnerabilities: World War on the Net

Aaron Portnoy started his hacking career when he was still in high school, and now he is the co-founder of a company called Exodus Intelligence. His company finds and sells “zero-day vulnerabilities,” meaning undetected bugs, or flaws, in applications or software. The term “zeroday” indicates that the bug is new and fresh, having existed for exactly zero days, so no one has 5

tried to fix it yet.

Vulnerabilities in popular applications and operating systems are worth hundreds of thousands of dollars because the Internet is a war zone. In this war, bugs are weapons, and people like Portnoy are arms dealers. When a researcher at Exodus finds a vulnerability, he or she makes technical documentation that discloses what it does, where it exists, how to root it out, and so on. Most

10

importantly, Exodus provides clients with an exploit, which is the procedure they have to follow to actually initiate the bug and take advantage of it.

Exodus’ clients come in two basic types, offensive and defensive. Playing for the defense are security firms and antivirus vendors who are looking for information they can integrate into their products, or who want to keep their clients updated on what threats are out there. On offense

15

are testers who use Exodus’ zero-days to stage simulated attacks on their own or other people’s networks.

108

Stuxnet ― a highly infectious computer worm ― is a good example of what makes zero-day vulnerabilities so useful. Stuxnet was utilized by the U.S. and Israel in 2009 to disrupt Iranian nuclear plants. It was introduced into the facility’s computer system by a spy with a USB drive.

20

The worm checked out the place and transmitted detailed intelligence back to its masters. What made Stuxnet so effective? In a word: bugs. To get the access it needed, Stuxnet took advantage of at least four distinct vulnerabilities, including one in Microsoft Windows.

Cyberwar isn’t the future; it’s already here. Below the fancy and social surface, the Net is a fierce warzone, and vulnerabilities and their exploits are the keys to winning the battle.

Reading Comprehension 1. What is the main idea of this passage?

AThe cyberwar is a serious problem that influences everyone’s lives.

BVulnerabilities can be taken advantage of, which gives rise to businesses.

CThere are hackers who, like Aaron Portnoy, make a living by selling vulnerabilities.

DCyber weapons, such as Stuxnet, are threatening national security.

2. What does “masters” refer to in the fourth paragraph?

AComputer systems.

BThe U.S. and Israel.

CNuclear plants.

DVulnerabilities.

3. According to the passage, what is the function of an exploit?

ATo enable the clients to benefit from a vulnerability.

BTo document the information about a vulnerability.

CTo increase the number of zero-day vulnerabilities.

DTo help find out the existence of vulnerabilities.

4. What is the tone of the author in this passage?

AObjective.

BApproving.

C Skeptical.

DConcerned.

109

Words and Idioms 1. intelligence [In`tHlEdZEns] n. 1情報 2智力 The spy was on a mission to steal crucial intelligence from Russia.

2. undetected [cOndI`tHktId] adj. 未被偵測的（detect v. 偵測；偵查） It surprised Sam that his scissors went undetected through the airport security check.

3. flaw [flG] n. 瑕疵；缺陷 The company recalled its products because some major flaws were found in them.

4. arms [Frmz] n. 軍火；武器（常用複數） The government has reduced the budget for arms and also cut down on the number of soldiers.

5. disclose [dIs`kloz] v. 揭露 As a journalist, Judy was never afraid of disclosing the scandals of powerful politicians.

6. initiate [I`nISIet] v. 啟動；開啟 The students initiated a project to reduce plastic waste on campus.

7. firm [fQm] n. 公司 The law firm was established by a friend of mine who used to be a judge.

8. vendor [`vHndP] n. 小販；攤販 The vendor has been selling vegetables and fruit in the market for more than 20 years.

9. integrate [`IntEcgret] v. 整合；融入；合併 It is not easy for immigrant workers to integrate into the local culture in a short time.

10. utilize [`jutBcaIz] v. 使用；利用 Many students utilize applications on the cell phone to learn English by themselves.

11. disrupt [dIs`rOpt] v. 中斷；擾亂 Changing schools frequently is likely to disrupt a child’s education.

12. root out ph. 根除 You can’t do things efficiently unless you root out the habit of procrastination.

Words for Recognition ★ vulnerability

n. 弱點

n. 交易商 ★ simulated adj. 模擬的 ★ dealer

110

adj. 駭客的 ★ exploit n. （程式）漏洞利用 ★ transmit v. 傳送；傳播 ★ hacking

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

vendor disclose

utilize root out

firm detect

1. The shouts of the many street 2. Heavy rain

disrupt integrate

the baseball game, which was put off as a result. that some terrorists had planned to bomb a train station.

4. Dennis works in an advertising 5. The government has 6. The sniffer dogs are able to 8. The chef refused to

initiate intelligence

made the market full of energy.

3. The police received

7. Mr. Smith often

arms flaw

that specializes in graphic design. tax reforms to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. illegal drugs with their highly sensitive noses.

his teaching with play by designing fun games for his students. the secret ingredients in his curry sauce.

II. Scrambled Sentences: Rearrange the chunks of words to form a correct sentence.

1. a series of / were initiated / by the government / to improve learning results / educational reforms 2. took advantage of / the flaws in the software / to help arms dealers / the hackers / sell weapons 3. for Jason / it is challenging / his habit of smoking / to root out 4. the local residents / to build houses / and make tools / utilize stones / such as knives and forks

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Unit 28

Society and Culture



Benjamin Franklin: A Man with Multiple Achievements Benjamin Franklin was one of the founding fathers of the United States. Born in Boston in 1706, Franklin quit school when he was 10 but spent the rest of his life reading and learning on his own. At the age of 15, he served as an apprentice in his brother’s newspaper 5

agency. In secret, he wrote opinion articles about current topics and signed them under the fictional name “Mrs. Silence Dogood.” Soon after his brother found he was publishing articles in the newspaper, Franklin left for Philadelphia to start his own newspaper business, which turned out to be successful and earned him a good reputation.

Benjamin Franklin later became involved in drafting the Declaration of Independence. He was

10

Pennsylvania’s representative to the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in 1775. This body declared war on Great Britain and made George Washington the commanding general of the army. Besides the Declaration of Independence, he also signed the Constitution of the United States, which was fundamental to the founding of the U.S. Then, he was appointed as an ambassador to France and convinced the French to aid American people in their quest for freedom from Great

15

112

Britain.

Benjamin Franklin was an inventor as well. He was most famous for his experiments with electricity, proving that lightning was actually electricity. With that knowledge, he invented lightning rods for buildings to protect them from being struck by lightning. He also created bifocal lenses for glasses, swim fins and the Franklin stove.

20

Franklin is also known to be a philanthropist. He started the first public library in the United States and the first fire station in Pennsylvania. He founded a city hospital and a school which later became the University of Pennsylvania. He initiated projects to clean, pave and light the streets of Philadelphia. Although Benjamin Franklin died in 1790 at the age of 84, his legacy will continue to be remembered.

Reading Comprehension 1. What is the order in which Franklin’s professions are presented in this passage?

APolitician → journalist → inventor.

BJournalist → inventor → politician.

CPolitician → inventor → journalist.

DJournalist → politician → inventor.

2. What does “this body” refer to in the second paragraph?

AThe Declaration of Independence.

BBenjamin Franklin.

CPhiladelphia.

DThe Second Continental Congress.

3. Which of the following statements is true about Benjamin Franklin?

AHe used to write to newspapers under a pen name.

BHe obtained most of his knowledge through higher education.

CHe persuaded the Britain to allow the independence of the U.S. DHe helped establish the first university in the United States.

4. Which of the following qualities of Franklin cannot be observed in the passage?

APublic-minded.

BVersatile.

COptimistic

D Innovative.

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Words and Idioms 1. apprentice [E`prHntIs] n. 學徒 The young apprentice tried his best to learn from the baker.

2. fictional [`fIkSEnB] adj. 虛構的 The story is mostly fictional although it is based on the author’s true experience.

3. draft [drAft] v. 寫草稿；起草 Can you draft a proposal before you talk to the manager about your ideas?

4. declaration [cdHklE`reSEn] n. 宣布；宣告；宣言（declare v. 宣布；宣告） The company’s declaration to clarify the food safety scandal was carefully written.

5. representative [rHprI`zHntEtIv] n. 代表；代理人 adj. 下命令的 I will send my assistant as my representative to the meeting next week.

6. commanding [kE`mAndIN] adj. 指揮的；下命令的 The commanding officer decided that the army should retreat.

7. constitution [ckFnstE`tjuSEn] n. 憲法；組織章程 The constitution protects the basic rights of the citizens, including freedom of speech.

8. appoint [E`pGInt] v. 指認；指派 Trevor was appointed as the director of the public relations division.

9. fundamental [cfOndE`mHntB] adj. 1基本的；根本的 2重要的 There is a fundamental difference in our opinion, so it’s diff icult for us to reach an agreement.

10. ambassador [Am`bAsEdP] n. 大使 An ambassador is symbolic of a country, so he or she must be treated with respect.

11. quest [kwHst] n. 尋求；追尋 In his quest for physical perfection, Milton spends hours in the gym every day.

12. legacy [`lHgEsI] n. 遺留物；遺產；薪傳 There a rich legacy of architecture in Italy and Greece.

Words for Recognition father n. 開國先父 ★ Continental Congress n. 大陸會議 ★ general n. 將軍 ★ bifocal lenses n. 雙焦點鏡片（遠近視兩用鏡片） ★ lightning rod n. 避雷針 ★ fin n. 蛙鞋 ★ founding

114

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

draft fictional

apprentice commanding

constitution fundamental

1. Sherlock Holmes is just a(n)

representative ambassador

legacy quest

appoint declare

character. There has not been such a person in

reality.

2. As a(n)

technician, Kevin stayed modest and learned hard from others.

3. Sally’s father was assigned as a(n) 4. I

to Spain, so she had lived there for five years.

the storyline of my novel long time ago, but I had difficulty coming up with

detailed plots.

5. Racial discrimination is regarded as a violation of the 6. Jefferson was 7. The U.S.

in the U.S.

to take charge of the new project by the manager. war on Japan in 1941. That is, the two countries were officially at war

in 1941.

8. To Nancy, the pursuit of knowledge is a(n)

for truth. She believes that the more

we learn, the closer we are to truth.

III. Crossword Puzzle: Read the clues below and fill in the correct answers.

Across

1

3. a long search for something difficult to find

2

4. a learner from a skilled person 5. imaginary

3

7. a stick

4

Down 1. an important official who works in a foreign

5

6

country representing his or her own country 2. something that remains from an earlier time

7

6. to choose someone to do something

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Unit 29

Wonders of Nature

Environment and Ecology



Nature often takes us by surprise. There are particularly some views in nature which really amaze us with breathtaking phenomena 5

that appear “unnatural.”

Take the New Zealand’s Waitomo Caves as an example. In the caves, thousands of blue lights dangle from the ceilings, twinkling like stars in a night sky. Tourists flock to the caves, awe-struck by the starry night illusions all around them. In fact, the beautiful lights

10

come from a glow worm species found exclusively in New Zealand.

The glow worms use bioluminescent light and silk threads covered in sticky, reflective droplets to attract and capture prey. Although the bioluminescence appears pretty inviting, the glow worms actually look no different than regular worms.

15

Located amid the green of the woodlands and next to the turquoise of the sea, Lake Hillier in Australia is another wonder of nature that stuns the tourists with its pink water. The living microorganisms as well as bacteria interact with the saltwater of the lake, thereby creating the pink color. Despite the unusual hue, the lake exhibits no

20

known adverse effects upon humans. It is safe to swim in the lake although not many people do so.

Still another marvelous phenomenon known as “Blood Falls” takes place in Antarctica. As the name suggests, the water that slowly pours out from the ice tongue of Taylor Glacier takes on the color of

25

blood. The Antarctica pioneers first owed the reddish-brown color to red algae, but it was actually the result of the saltwater of a lake beneath the glacier. The saltwater contains large amounts of iron, which reacts with oxygen when the water rises from the glacier, and thus produces the rusty color.

30

Human beings have been trying to explore and understand Earth, but every so often nature throws us for a loop. Around the world, strange phenomena have astonished us and led to greater knowledge of Earth.

116

Reading Comprehension 1. What is the main purpose of this passage?

ATo introduce popular tourist destinations.

BTo reveal the mysteries of nature.

CTo call for environmental conservation.

DTo emphasize the importance of learning about nature.

2. According to the passage, what causes the Blood Falls to look reddish-brown?

AWorms.

BAlgae.

CSaltwater.

DBacteria.

3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

AThe glow worms in the Waitomo Caves are native to New Zealand.

BMicroorganisms, bacteria and saltwater make Lake Hillier pink.

CSwimming in Lake Hillier is safe as the water is harmless.

DThe water of Blood Falls mainly comes from the melted ice of the Taylor Glacier.

4. What does “throw us for a loop” mean in the last paragraph?

ASurprise us.

BScare us.

CHarm us.

DAttract us.

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Words and Idioms 1. breathtaking [`brHRctekIN] adj. 令人驚嘆的 The footage of the volcano erupting was not only breathtaking but also shocking.

2. twinkle [`twINkB] v. 閃爍；閃耀 The night was dark with thousands of stars twinkling in the sky.

3. illusion [I`ljuZEn] n. 幻覺；假象 The mirrors in the restaurant created an illusion of greater space.

4. exclusively [Ik`sklusIvlI] adv. 專門地 The special prices are offered exclusively to VIP members.

5. thread [RrHd] n. 線 Do you have a needle and thread that I can use to sew the button?

6. inviting [In`vaItIN] adj. 吸引人的 The small cafe looked very inviting with its cozy environment.

7. thereby [THr`baI] adv. 因此 The advertisement was successful, thereby boosting the sales of the products.

8. exhibit [Ig`zIbIt] v. 展示；呈現 Sarah exhibited her talent for music at a very young age.

9. marvelous [`mFrvElEs] adj. 絕妙的；令人驚嘆的 The marvelous magic tricks stunned all of the audience and won a round of applause.

10. pioneer [cpaIE`nIr] n. 先鋒；先驅 Albert is a pioneer dentist who adopts the latest techniques and equipment in his treatment.

11. rusty [`rOstI] adj. 生鏽的 My old bicycle had become so rusty that I decided to dump it.

12. owe … to … v. 把…歸因於…

Percy owed the success of his book to Milton and Teresa, who gave him a lot of useful advice.

Words for Recognition v. 懸掛 ★ bioluminescent adj. 螢光的 ★ turquoise adj. 碧綠的 ★ ice tongue n. 冰舌（冰河末端） ★ dangle

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★ awe-struck ★ droplet ★ hue

adj. 感到震懾的

n. 液態滴狀物

n. 色調

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

inviting thread

illusion exhibit

marvelous pioneer

rusty owe ... to

1. Seen from the hills, the lights of the city

twinkle thereby

exclusively breathtaking

and made a beautiful picture of the

night.

2. Alex rarely

his emotions. He tends to hide his feelings instead of showing them.

3. In the interview, the citizens consistently

the air pollution

the

factories and power plants nearby.

4. As a(n)

in keyhole surgery, Dr. Darwin is devoted to promoting this new surgical

procedure.

5. I had a(n)

that I was a bird after drinking so much yesterday.

6. The machines are quite

. You may need some oil to make them work smoothly.

7. This parking space is reserved

for disabled drivers. That is, only disabled drivers

are allowed to park here.

8. Ian twisted his ankle in the running race,

losing the game.

II. Scrambled Sentences: Rearrange the chunks of words to form a correct sentence.

1. the flight attendants / made the passengers / with their inviting smiles / feel at home 2. a huge crowd of tourists / the Grand Canyon / that it attracts / is so breathtaking 3. a marvelous storyteller / Ryan is / and facial expressions / who has very dramatic intonations 4. the famous singer / who supported her wholeheartedly / owed her achievement / to her husband,

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Unit 30  SCAN ME for more info

Real−Life Reading

Low GI, Good Life

What is GI? The glycemic index (GI) is a measure that ranks foods containing carbohydrates by their effect on blood sugar levels. It is a scale from 1 — 100. The lower the score, the longer that food takes to raise a person’s blood sugar levels. Foods with a low GI value less than 55 are the preferred

5

choice, as they are broken down more slowly and cause a gradual rise in blood sugar levels over time. By contrast, foods with a GI over 70 cause your blood sugar to surge and then suddenly drop.

Blood Sugar Chart Too many calories or too much sugar at a time

Bood Sugar Spikes

Extra sugar stored as fat

120 Body releases fat, protects lean muscles, has no cravings, increases energy

Stable Blood Sugar

80 Skip meals or restrict calories or carbs

Body burns muscles for fuel and holds on to fat, energy crashes, cravings increase, & mood swings.

Blood Sugar Drops

Are You Eating Right?

The GI of food depends on several

Low GI

LOW GI FOOD INDEX Moderate GI

High GI

factors including ripeness of the fruits 10

or vegetables, processing and cooking method. The riper a fruit or vegetable

Apple

Brown Rice

Brown Sugar

Banana

Table Sugar

Grapes

Soymilk Wholegrain Bread

White Rice

Wholemeal Bread

French Fries

White Bread

is, the higher the GI. Wholegrain bread has a lower GI than white bread as the former contains the entire grain and 15

the latter contains refined flour. Boiled sweet potatoes have a GI of about 46, while baked ones surge to 94. 1 Even though low GI food is good, it doesn’t mean that you can eat all you want. 2 Eating a wide variety of foods in the right proportions, and consuming the right amount of food and drink can help you feel your best.

Why Follow A Low GI Diet?

20

A positive side effect is that you may lose weight by following a low GI eating plan as these kinds of foods cause your blood sugar levels to rise and fall slowly, thus helping you feel fuller for longer. 3 This could help control your appetite and may be effective if you’re trying to go on a diet.

However, low GI does not mean low fat. 4 Chances are that you will put on weight when you eat an excessive amount of low GI foods.

25

120

5 Research has shown that choosing low-GI foods on a day-to-day basis can particularly help prevent and manage Type II diabetes. That’s because a low GI diet helps keep blood sugar levels

steady after eating, improve insulin control and manage cholesterol levels. 6 The effect of stabilizing blood sugar levels also leads to improvements in energy, mood swings, and concentration levels.

Eating right is beneficial to health particularly during pregnancy because your blood sugar levels affect the rate at which your baby grows in the womb. Reducing the GI of your diet ensures the baby grows at a healthy rate. Besides, if your baby is exposed to excess sugar during pregnancy, he or she is more likely to suffer from obesity and diabetes in later life.

Reading Comprehension 1. Which of the following charts best illustrates the changes in blood sugar after a person eats high GI and low GI carbohydrates?

C

High GI Low GI

3 2 1 0

0

15

30

45 60 Time (mins)

90

120

D

4

High GI Low GI

3 2 1 0

Change in Blood sugar (mM)

B

4

0

15

30

45 60 Time (mins)

90

120

Change in Blood sugar (mM)

Change in Blood sugar (mM)

A

Change in Blood sugar (mM)

30

4

High GI Low GI

3 2 1 0

0

15

30

45 60 Time (mins)

90

120

4

High GI Low GI

3 2 1 0

0

15

30

45 60 Time (mins)

90

120

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of a low GI diet?

APrevent and manage Type II diabetes.

B Lengthen the feeling of fullness.

CStabilize one’s mood.

D Increase the chance of pregnancy.

3. Read the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE word based on the information provided above.

Jason intends to lose weight but he chooses to skip dinner. According to the Blood Sugar Chart, this is not a good way because it will cause blood sugar to

A

and in turn

B

will

be burned but fat still stays on his body. Also, he loves white bread for breakfast. It’s not a flour. According to the LOW GI FOOD INDEX,

preferred choice because it contains

C

he is advised to replace it with

bread because the latter has a low GI.

A

B

D

C

D

4. Is it true that the more low GI food you eat, the more weight you will lose? First, check () the box YES or NO. Second, choose one sentence from sentences number 1 to number 6 that supports your answer. Write down the NUMBER of the sentence below.

 YES  NO

Number:

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Words and Idioms 1. spike [spaIk] v. 突然飆升 Oil prices spiked after the war in the Middle East broke out.

2. restrict [rI`strIkt] v. 限制 This road will be closed at peak times to restrict the number of tourists.

3. ripe [raIp] adj. （水果蔬菜等）成熟的（ripeness n. 成熟度） The farmer can easily tell if a mango is ripe or overly grown.

4. refine [rI`faIn] v. 1精煉（糖、油等） 2改善

Refined sugar is sugar that has been processed to make it fine and white.

5. proportion [prE`porSEn] n. 比例 The rewards the employees get in this job are in proportion to the effort they put in.

6. appetite [`ApEctaIt] n. 食慾；胃口 Thomas has a huge appetite. He can eat ten double beef hamburgers for a meal.

7. effective [I`fHktIv] adj. 有效的 The drug is highly effective in relieving pain. I feel much better after taking it.

8. stabilize [`stebBcaIz] v. 穩定 The patient’s condition has now stabilized and will soon be released from the hospital.

9. beneficial [cbHnE`fISEl] adj. 有益的 Cycling is beneficial to health and the environment.

10. pregnancy [`prHgnEnsI] n. 懷孕 The drug must not be taken during pregnancy because it’ll do harm to the baby.

11. obesity [o`bisEtI] n. 肥胖症 Fat control is especially important when it comes to combating obesity.

12. (the) chances are (that) S + V ... ph. 可能 If you expose your skin to the sun for too long and too often, chances are you will develop skin cancer.

Words for Recognition ★ glycemic

index (GI) n. 升糖指數

n. 量表 ★ mood swings n. 情緒變化 ★ insulin n. 胰島素 ★ scale

122

★ carbohydrate

/ carb n. 碳水化合物

n. 強烈的渴望 ★ diabetes n. 糖尿病 ★ cholesterol n. 膽固醇 ★ craving

Vocabulary Exercises I. Words in Context: Fill in each blank with a word or an idiom from the box. Change the word form if necessary.

appetite obesity

refine spike

proportion restrict

effective ripe

1. Many of my colleagues have been laid off.

2. The boy has a poor

pregnancy stabilize

beneficial chances are

I will be looking for a new job soon.

and has experienced a severe weight loss.

3. Excessive drinking damages your health, while one or two glasses of wine a day can be .

4. Lucy had wanted to have a baby so badly, so when she was told about the result of the test, she cried tears of joy.

5. If you keep eating like that, you’ll suffer from 6. The

and many other health problems.

of boys to girls in this school is 2：1. In other words, the number of boys

doubles that of girls.

7. You’ve spent too much time on your cell phone. You had better

yourself to using

it only one hour a day.

8. The method you told me was not

at all. It didn’t solve our problem.

II. Mixed letters & Definition Matching: Rearrange the scrambled letters to form a word and match the word with its definition. The first one has been done for you.

1. rotrpoipno @ proportion 2. efreni

@

to limit the size, amount, or one’s actions to make something pure by removing unwanted things

3. aielnecbif @

the relationship between two things in size, number, etc.

4. ertsirtc

@

helpful, useful, or good

5. petatpie

@

a desire for food

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