Introduction to Leadership Concepts and Practice 4th Edition Northouse Test Bank
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Chapter 4: Understanding Philosophy and Styles
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. A person’s view of people, work, and human nature shape their ______.
a. personal leadership philosophy
b. outlook on life
c. potential
d. goals and aspirations
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
2. Douglas McGregor’s theory on leadership is ______.
a. laissez-faire
b. Theory X and Theory Y
c. democratic
d. authoritarian Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophy Explained
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
3. Which of the following is not an assumption of Theory X?
a. People dislike work
b. People need to be directed and controlled.
c. People dislike each other.
d. People want security not responsibility
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Table 4.1: Assumptions of McGregor’s Theory X
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
4. Which of the following is an assumption of Theory Y?
a. People like their coworkers.
b. People like and identify with their leader
c. People believe work conditions will improve.
d. People accept and seek responsibility
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Table 4.2: Assumptions of McGregor’s Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
5. A manager views their employees as unmotivated unless a reward is given. This manager’s views align with which assumption of Theory X?
a. People dislike work because managers are generally irresponsible.
b. People need to be directed and controlled.
c. People want security not responsibility
d. People will argue unless consequences are strict.
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Assumption #2. People Need to be Directed and Controlled
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
6. Your new manager is highly motivational, gives clear directions and timelines, and is quick to point out inefficiencies. They likely ascribe to leadership philosophy.
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory X
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
7. Former President Jimmy Carter and his work in retirement is given as an example of which philosophy?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. laissez-faire
d. democratic Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
8. An organization that emphasizes common cultural values, beliefs, and objectives while highly collaborative is known as a ______.
a. democratic organization
b. Theory Y organization
c. Theory X organization
d. Theory Z organization
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Assumption #3. In the Proper Environment, the Average Person Learns to Accept and Seek Responsibility
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
9. is defined as the behaviors of leaders, focusing on what leaders do and how they act.
a. Leadership philosophy
b. Leadership style
c. Assumption #1 of Theory Y
d. Assumption # 2 of Theory Y
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Styles Explained
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
10. The authoritarian leadership style is most similar to ______.
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. leader–member exchange theory
d. unrealized strengths
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
11. Which of the following is not used to describe authoritarian leadership?
a. pessimistic
b. negative
c. empowering
d. discouraging Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
12. Your new manager requires that all communication is directed towards them and not circulated among the team, determines and sets goals for the team, and is quick to praise and criticize. Their behaviors most closely align with which style?
a. Theory Y
b. laissez-faire
c. democratic
d. authoritarian Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
13. The outcomes of authoritarian leadership include all of the following except ______.
a. efficient
b. productive
c. submissiveness
d. individuality
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
14. You step in to a new position with management of a team. You notice the team relies heavily on you to set goals, they never offer new ideas, and they depend on you to make all decisions. It is likely that your predecessor used which style of leadership?
a. Theory Y
b. authoritarian
c. laissez-faire
d. democratic Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, application
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
15. Authoritarian leadership can become _____ leadership where leaders coerce followers to engage in unethical or immoral activities.
a. abusive
b. difficult
c. empowering
d. beneficial
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: medium
AACSB Standard: ethical understanding and reasoning
16. leaders provide information, guidance, and suggestions and do so without applying pressure.
a. Theory X
b. Authoritarian
c. Democratic
d. Laissez-faire
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork.
17. Which of the following is an outcome of democratic leadership?
a. efficiency
b. productive
c. established goals
d. cohesiveness
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
18. Upon interviewing for an internship you notice that the workplace is a positive environment, people seem engaged in their work, and participative in meetings during your time there. The leadership of the office likely enages in _____ leadership.
a. democratic
b. Theory X
c. laissez-faire
d. authoritarian Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension, application
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
19. Democratic leadership results in greater group member ______.
a. satisfaction
b. commitment
c. cohesiveness
d. all of these Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
20. You are appointed to head a special project team with a two week deadline. You need to be efficient and timely. Which leadership style should you enact?
a. democratic
b. laissez-faire
c. authoritarian
d. Theory Y
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
21. Democratic leadership style is described as having what downside?
a. It takes more time
b. It negatively impacts followers.
c. It hinders creativity
d. It negatively impacts leaders.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
22. Laissez-faire leadership has been labeled by some as ______.
a. bad leadership
b. nonleadership
c. aggressive leadership
d. negative leadership
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
23. Outcomes from laissez-faire leadership are ______.
a. directionless followers
b. chaos
c. frustration
d. all of these
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
24. Laissez-faire leaders ______.
a. encourage communication between group members and with the leader
b. engage in minimal influence over followers
c. give objective praise and criticism of workers
d. encourage communication between group members and with the leader and give objective praise and criticism of workers
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
25. What theory asserts that workers want to be taken care of and protected by their leaders?
a. Theory Y
b. Theory X
c. authoritarian
d. democratic
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Assumption #3. People Want Security, Not Responsibility
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Social responsibility
26. Theory Y managers believe ______.
a. the average person is inherently resourceful
b. people are more productive when they depend on their bosses
c. people have the capacity to engage in a wide range of goal-setting and problem solving
d. the average person is inherently resourceful and people have the capacity to engage in a wide range of goal-setting and problem solving
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
27. The primary work on styles of leadership (authoritarian, democratic, laissez-faire) was done by ______.
a. McGregor
b. Lewin, Lippitt, and White
c. Graen and Uhl-Bien
d. Burns
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Styles Explained
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
28. Which of the following are commonly observed styles of leadership?
a. authoritarian
b. democratic
c. exploratory
d. authoritarian and democratic
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Summary
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
29. Which of the following describes the laissez-faire leadership style?
a. group members participate in decision making
b. very little is accomplished
c. lets employees know rules and standards for what they are supposed to do
d. leaders are quick to point out inefficiencies
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
30. Democratic leaders ______.
a. treat subordinates as fully capable of doing work on their own
b. work with subordinates, treating them in an egalitarian manner
c. use hierarchy to separate levels of competence
d. treat subordinates as fully capable of doing work on their own and work with subordinates, treating them in an egalitarian manner
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
31. When followers are left completely on their own with no direction, they become ______.
a. frustrated
b. happy
c. engaged
d. goal-driven
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
32. While interning with a company for the summer, you feel the climate is stagnant, four employees out of twelve leave during your three months there, and few employees seem to know whats going on or be engaged in their work. The office would appear to operate under which leadership style?
a. authoritarian
b. eemocratic
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory Y
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
33. Jack’s immediate boss lets him set his own schedule, does not offer support or direction, and is generally hands-off. Jack’s boss is following which of the following leadership philosophies?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. laissez-faire
d. democratic
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application, comprehension
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
34. Helping each subordinate reach their own personal goals is important to _____ leadership
a. democratic
b. authoritarian
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory X
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
35. Leaders who exhibit higher amounts of influence over their followers are ______.
a. democratic
b. authoritarian
c. egalitarian
d. laissez-faire
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
36. Laissez-faire leadership has what impact on follower productivity?
a. reduces productivity
b. increases productivity
c. maintains productivity
d. ignores productivity
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
37. According to authoritarian leadership, ______.
a. leaders should encourage communication among group members
b. leaders need to exert influence and control over group members
c. subordinates need direction
d. leaders need to exert influence and control over group members and subordinates need direction
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors,
38. Authoritarian leadership assumes that workers wish to _____ responsibility and prefer to be ______.
a. accept; left alone
b. avoid; directed
c. shirk; scolded
d. embrace; congratulated
Ans: b
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
39. A person who sees work as engaging and satisfying would identify with which philosophy or style?
a. Theory X
b. Theory Y
c. authoritarian
d. laissez-faire
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
40. An organization that maintains formal authority structures while also recognizing individual achievements is known as a ______ organization.
a. Theory Z
b. Theory X
c. Theory Y
d. laissez-faire
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Assumption #3. In the Proper Environment, the Average Person
Learns to Accept and Seek Responsibility
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
41. In their research on leadership styles, Lewin, Lippitt, and White studied the impact of authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-fair styles on what subject group?
a. business executives
b. 10-year-old boys
c. college students
d. laborers
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Styles Explained
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
42. When a new employee is just learning a new job, what style might be the most effective in orienting them to the work?
a. Theory Y
b. democratic
c. authoritarian
d. laissez-faire
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Social responsibility
43. You meet with your manager for a performance review. The manager previously gave you an objective rubric that they would be using for this review. It is likely that your manager ascribes to ______ leadership.
a. authoritarian
b. democratic
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory X
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning
44. Douglas McGregor believed that understanding worker’s motivations was the key to becoming an effective ______.
a. manager
b. follower
c. CEO
d. board member
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophies Explained
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
45. A manager who views their subordinates as capable of self-direction and thus provides minimal guidance and support could be a _____ leader.
a. democratic
b. authoritarian
c. Theory Y
d. democratic and Theory Y
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies | 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Summary
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
46. As a manager you have trained and worked with your team for three years. A new project is assigned to your group, one that is very similar to previous projects the team has accomplished with great success. In this situation it might be appropriate to use leadership.
a. Theory X
b. authoritarian
c. laissez-faire
d. Theory X and authoritarian
Ans: C
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
47. Victoria Ransom believes that ___ and are important and need to be universally embraced within a company or they will crumble.
a. values; culture
b. leaders; followers
c. profits; customer service
d. rules; regulations
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Snapshot
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
48. Leadership styles are not distinct entities, which means a leader may exhibit ______ style in a given situation.
a. more than one
b. only one
c. a democratic
d. an authoritarian
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Styles Explained
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
49 In developing his ideas about Theory Z organizations, William Ouchi contrasted individualistic work cultures from American companies with those of more collectivistic companies
a. Brazilian
b. English
c. Soviet
d. Japanese
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Assumption #3. In the Proper Environment, the Average Person
Learns to Accept and Seek Responsibility
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
50. Leadership styles can be thought of as a continuum from high leader influence to low leader influence. High leader influence is associated with Authoritarian styles, while little or no leader influence is _____ style.
a. Theory X
b. democratic
c. Theory Y
d. laissez-faire
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
True/False
1. Our philosophy of leadership is based on a unique set of beliefs and attitudes about the nature of people and work.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophy Explained
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
2. A manager is constantly giving directives to employees and micromanaging them. This manager engages in Theory Y leadership.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Assumption #2 People Need to be Directed and Controlled
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
3. Authoritarian leadership can lead to increased efficiency and clarity in people’s work.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
4. The worker who says “If I didn’t need to pay my bills, I would never work” is an example of the Theory Y assumptions.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory X & Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
5. Leaders who exhibit higher amounts of influence are more democratic. Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership Styles in Practice
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
6. Democratic leadership results in stronger motivation and greater originality. Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
7. Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire are all distinct styles that do not overlap. Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership Styles Explained
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Leading in organizational situations
8. A professor who persuades students to hand in homework assignments by threatening them with bad grades is an example of Theory X leadership.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory X
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork.
9. Democratic leaders give objective praise and criticism. Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
10. From the perspective of Theory X, leaders play a significant role in getting others to accomplish their work.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory X
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
Essay
1. Are you a Theory X Leader, or a Theory Y Leader? Support your answer with specific examples.
Ans:
Theory X: The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if possible; people need to be directed and controlled; people want security, not responsibility.
Theory Y: The average person does not inherently dislike work. Doing work is as natural as play; People will show responsibility and self-control towards goals to which they are committed; in the proper environment the average person learns to accept and seek responsibility.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Theory X & Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal behaviors and teamwork.
2. Analyze authoritarian leadership style for the positive and negative aspects of its outcomes. When would you utilize this style, when would you not?
Ans: On the positive side, it is efficient and productive. Authoritarian leaders give direction and clarity to people’s work and accomplish more in a shorter period. Furthermore, authoritarian leadership is useful in establishing goals and work standards. On the negative side, it fosters dependence, submissiveness, and a loss of individuality. The creativity and personal growth of subordinates may be hindered. It is possible that, over time, subordinates will lose interest in what they are doing and become dissatisfied with their work. If that occurs, authoritarian leadership can create discontent, hostility, and even aggression.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
3. Are there times when authoritarian leadership style becomes unethical? Provide examples to support your arguments.
Ans: In addition, authoritarian leadership can become abusive leadership, where these leaders use their influence, power and control for their personal interests or to coerce followers to engage in unethical or immoral activities. For example, a coach who withholds playing time from athletes who openly disagree with his play calls or a boss that requires salaried employees to work up to 20 hours of overtime each week or “be replaced with someone who will” are both examples of the dark side of authoritarian leadership.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Authoritarian Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning
4. Discuss and analyze Victoria Ransom’s leadership from the Leadership Snapshot. Which leadership style do you think she most closely practices?
Ans: Victoria Ransom likely practices democratic leadership.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis | Application
Answer Location: Leadership Snapshot
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
5. Distinguish between a philosophy of leadership and a style of leadership. How do they inform each other?
Ans: Your leadership style is driven by your personal leadership philosophy.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies. | 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application | Analysis
Answer Location: Leadership Philosophy | Explained Leadership Styles Explained
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
6. Why does the democratic style of leadership promote greater creativity among employees than the other styles of leadership?
Ans: People are motivated to pursue their own talents under the supportive structure of democratic leadership.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application
Answer Location: Democratic Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
7. Under what circumstances can the laissez-fair style of leadership work? Have you experience laissez-faire leadership? Were the outcomes positive or negative in your experience?
Ans: See example in last paragraph of “Laissez-faire leadership style”
Learning Objective: 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application
Answer Location: Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Hard
AACSB Standard: Interpersonal relations and teamwork
8. Briefly discuss two assumptions of Theory Y
Ans: People like work; People are self-motivated; People accept and seek responsibility.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory Y
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
9. Briefly discuss two assumptions of Theory X
Ans: People dislike work; People need to be directed and controlled; People want security, not responsibility.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: Theory X
Difficulty Level: Easy
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors
10. How does Laissez-Faire leadership compare to Theory X and Theory Y?
Ans: The laissez-faire leadership style is dissimilar to both Theory X and Theory Y. Laissez-faire leaders do not try to control followers as Theory X leaders do, and they do not try to nurture and guide followers as Theory Y leaders do. Laissez-faire stands alone as a style of leadership; some have labeled it nonleadership. The laissez-faire leader is a nominal leader who engages in minimal influence.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Explain leadership philosophies. | 4-2: Discuss the authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles. | 4-3: Describe how leadership styles function in practice.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension | Application
Answer Location: Theory X | Theory Y | Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Difficulty Level: Medium
AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors