Introduction to Intercultural Communication Identities in a Global Community 9th Edition Jandt Test Bank
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Chapter 4: Nonverbal Communication
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. The belief that nonverbal communication is learned is basic to which approach to the study of nonverbal behavior?
A. formative
B. functional
C. nature
D. nurture
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Approaches to the Study of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The approach that focuses on the types of nonverbal behaviors is ______.
A. formative
B. functional
C. nature
D. nurture
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Approaches to the Study of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Researchers found evidence for how many universal nonverbal expressions?
A. two
B. seven
C. three
D. five
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Which expressions are easier to discern than other universal expressions?
A. envy and sadness
B. happiness and surprise
C. anger and disgust
D. fear and contempt
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Touch used instead of saying “I love you” exemplifies which function of the nonverbal communication?
A. sending uncomfortable messages
B. making relationships clear
C. regulating interaction
D. replacing spoken messages
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sending Uncomfortable messages
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. ______ are sometimes arbitrary in character, sometimes based on a real or fancied analogy, and usually simpler than symbols.
A. Signs
B. Symbols
C. Markers
D. Words Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Functions
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which of the following is the study of our use of personal space?
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. proxemics
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Space Messages and Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which of the following refers to gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact?
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. proxemics Ans:
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Kinesics
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Which of the following refers to the study of our use of touch to communicate?
A. chronemics
B. haptics
C. kinesics
D. olfactics
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Haptics
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. The study of communication by smell is known as ______.
A. chronemics
B. haptics
C. oculesics
D. olfactics
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Olfactics
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Marla arrives at 5:30 for a 6:00 dinner at Jaime’s house because in her culture it is the norm to arrive one-half hour early. This is an instance of transmitting information nonverbally through ______.
A. chronemics
B. haptics
C. oculesics
D. olfactics
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Selma and Nathan stand very close to each other outside the classroom, but in the classroom they remain several feet from each other. This is an instance of transmitting information nonverbally through ______.
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. proxemics
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Space Messages and Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Intensity (loud/soft), pitch (high/low), and extent (drawl and clipping) are all ______.
A. vocal qualifiers
B. audio qualifiers
C. vocal markers
D. audio markers
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Types of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Which early culture established that a year was 365.24 days long?
A. Egyptian
B. Maya
C. Roman
D. Sumerian
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Messages conveyed through objects or arrangements of objects made by human hands are ______.
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. artifactual communication
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Artifactual Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. A gesture, such as a wave, is included in the study of ______.
A. haptics
B. kinesics
C. olfactics
D. artifactual communication
Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Kinesics
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Vocal qualifiers and segregates are part of ______.
A. silence
B. paralanguage
C. proxemics
D. haptics Ans: B
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Paralanguage
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. An example of a tonal language in which the denotative meaning of some words depends on the context and how the word is said is ______.
A. Australian English
B. German
C. Malay
D. Vietnamese Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Paralanguage
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. In Fragante v. City and County of Honolulu, the Supreme Court let stand a federal appeals court decision supporting an employee's termination based on ______.
A. a heavy accent
B. physical appearance
C. use of personal space
D. use of time
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Paralanguage
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which of the following is a characteristics of the wai gesture?
A. It is a learned behavior in France.
B. It is a learned behavior in Nigeria.
C. It is used to pay homage to Confucius.
D. It varies by the degree of deference that is called for.
Ans: D
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Case Study: The Wai in Thailand
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Misinterpretations of nonverbal communication is a major barrier to intercultural communication.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Scholars from the nature approach believe nonverbal behavior is genetically determined.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Approaches to the Study of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. There are no nonverbal cues generally recognized across cultures. Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Charles Darwin argued that some nonverbal cues are biologically determined. Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Sadness is one of the universal forms of nonverbal expression.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Even if a smile is universally recognized as a sign of friendliness, it has other meanings specific to a culture.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The white AIDS ribbon became one of the most recognized symbols worldwide.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Replacing Spoken Messages
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. According to Mehrabian, in the United States, status manifests itself by a relaxed posture.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Making Relationships Clear
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Smell remains one of the least understood senses.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Olfactics
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. In intercultural interactions, we are less likely to recognize how nonverbal symbols are different than how languages are different.
Ans: A
Learning Objective: 4-2: Give examples of nonverbal misinterpretations for various types of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Edward Hall argued that standing in lines is more likely to be found in cultures where people are treated as equals.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe Edward Hall’s work with proxemics.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Space Messages and Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. The calendar in use today, the Gregorian calendar, dates back to 1582. Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe Edward Hall’s work with proxemics.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. In Asia, silence has generally been considered socially disagreeable. Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Silence
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. In the United States, contextual factors are critical to understanding the symbolic content of touching.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Haptics
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. In all cultures, women can detect odors in lower concentrations, identify them more accurately, and remember them longer than men.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Olfactics
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. A French parliamentary committee found that Muslim women’s covering of their faces was against the French republican principles of secularism and equality.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-2: Give examples of nonverbal misinterpretations for various types of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Artifactual Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. A home with good feng shui manipulates design and furniture to establish positive energy and balance.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. The wai is a Thai nonverbal gesture accompanied with verbal greetings.
Ans: F
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Case Study: The Wai in Thailand
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Subcultures tend to have similar nonverbal messages, as long as they are a part of the same dominant culture.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Burgoon contends that some nonverbal communication, even in the same culture, is so ambiguous that its interpretation is mediated by context.
Ans: T
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. Researchers from the approach (anthropologists, sociologists) believe that nonverbal communication is learned.
Ans: nurture
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Approaches to the Study of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. stated that our facial expressions, such as smiles and frowns, are not learned but biologically determined.
Ans: Darwin
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Happiness and ______ are easier to discern than other nonverbal behaviors.
Ans: surprise
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Nonverbal communication can be narrowly defined to include only intentional use or broadly defined to also include elements of the ______
Ans: environment
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Functions
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Directing turn taking in a conversation is an example of using nonverbals to interaction.
Ans: regulate
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Regulating interaction
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. In situations in which words cannot be used, nonverbal are used to ______ spoken messages.
Ans: replace
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Replacing Spoken Messages
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The term given to the study of our use of personal space is ______.
Ans: proxemics
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Space Messages and Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact are behaviors termed ______.
Ans: kinesics
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Kinesics
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Many American-Indian people understand time to be ______. Ans: cyclical
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Western cultures tend to think of time in a ______ sense. Ans: linear
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. According to Hall, using time by doing one thing at a time is known as ______ time.
Ans: monochronic
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe Edward Hall’s work with proxemics.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. According to Hall, doing many things at once is known as ______ time. Ans: polychronic
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe Edward Hall’s work with proxemics.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. The nonverbal elements of the voice are referred to as ______. Ans: paralanguage
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Paralanguage
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. In ______, on the individual level, silence can be viewed as a state of being. Ans: India
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Silence
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. The study of our use of touch to communicate is known as ______.
Ans: haptics
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Haptics
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. The space that an individual claims, whether permanently or temporarily, is referred to as ______.
Ans: territoriality
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Chinese geomancy, ______, is the art of manipulating the physical environment to establish harmony with the natural environment.
Ans: feng shui
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. ______ communication refers to how we decorate our homes.
Ans: Artifactual
Learning Objective: 4-5: Give examples of nonverbal communication behavior in one culture that reflects the values of that culture.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Artifactual Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. A form of artifactual communication, Muslim women may wear several different types of headscarves and veils generally referred to as ______.
Ans: hijab
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Artifactual Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. A study of university students in the United States showed that ______ can be used to communicate playful aggression, sexual interest or intent, or support.
Ans: touch
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Haptics
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Define nonverbal communication.
Ans: Varies, but must include the definition of nonverbal communication as "messages sent without using words." Answers may also include the types of nonverbal communication: space messages and territoriality, kinesics, chronemics, paralanguage, haptics, artifactual communication, and olfactics.
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. List and briefly describe nonverbal communication as well as the three major approaches to the study of nonverbal communication.
Ans: Varies, but must include the approaches of nurture (the belief that nonverbal communication is learned), nature (the belief that nonverbal behavior is genetically determined), and the functional approach (the types of nonverbal behaviors and the communication functions they perform). Answers should further include examples of the following types of nonverbal communication: space messages and territoriality, kinesics, chronemics, paralanguage, haptics, artifactual communication, and olfactics. Sample examples include gestures as kinesics, when a day begins as chronemics, voice qualities and vocalizations as paralanguage.
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Approaches to the Study of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. List the seven universally recognized facial expressions according to research by Ekman and colleagues.
Ans: Varies, but should explain that most people worldwide correctly identify the facial expressions of anger, disgust, happiness, fear, sadness, and surprise and according to more recent research, the seventh universal expression of contempt.
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonverbal Behaviors
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Identify, with intercultural examples, three of the six functions performed by nonverbal communication.
Ans: Varies, but the answer must include three functions and provide examples. Replacing spoken messages could be described using the idea of gestures when a language is not shared. Sending uncomfortable messages could be described by slowly walking away from a conversation you don't want to be in. Making relationships clear could be described by showing affection to a significant other.
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Functions
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Give examples of internationally recognized and understood signs and symbols. Ans: Varies, but may include gestures such as smiling. Other examples may include specific symbols such as fire escape signs or signs in airports such as those for baggage claim or ticketing.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Functions
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. How does nonverbal communication affect the success of intercultural communication?
Ans: Varies, but students should clearly articulate the reasons how nonverbal communication can affect success. Barriers to effective communication through the use of nonverbal messages should be discussed. Many nonverbal expressions vary from culture to culture, and it is just those variations that make nonverbal misinterpretation a barrier.
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. Define and give examples of how proxemics are used differently in different cultures. Ans: Varies, but should define proxemics as the term given to the study of our use of personal space. Students should use specific examples. Samples from the text include: In India, there are elaborate rules about how closely members of each caste may approach other castes, and Arabs of the same sex stand much closer than North Americans do.
Learning Objective: 4-3: Describe Edward Hall’s work with proxemics.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Types of Nonverbal Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Define and give examples of how kinesics are used differently in different cultures. Ans: Varies, but should define kinesics as behaviors such as gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and eye contact. Samples from the text include the thumbs-up gesture commonly used in the United States by hitchhikers is more widely understood to mean “okay.” But in Greece and Sardinia, it more accurately communicates the idea of “get stuffed.” And in Australia, Iran, and Nigeria, it has similar obscene connotations.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Kinesics
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Define and give examples of how chronemics are used differently in different cultures.
Ans: Varies, but should define chronemics as the study of our use of time. Samples from the text include time as cyclical or linear, when a day begins, and the length of time that is a year.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Define and give examples of how paralanguage is used differently in different cultures.
Ans: Varies, but should define paralanguage as voice qualities (including pitch range and distribution, rhythm, and tempo) and vocalizations (vocal characterizers, vocal
qualifiers, and vocal). Samples from the text include “Psst” is an acceptable way of calling a waiter in Spain; in India, whistling is considered offensive; varying accents and dialects.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Paralanguage
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Define and give examples of how silence is used differently in different cultures. Ans: Varies, but students should use specific examples. Samples from the text include: Eastern societies such as India, China, and Japan valuing silence more than Western societies; the use of silence as cooperation; and the use of silence as an expression of fear.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Silence
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Define and give examples of how haptics are used differently in different cultures. Ans: Varies, but should define haptics as the study of our use of touch to communicate. Students should use specific examples. Samples from the text include: In Iraq, physical contact between adults particularly between women and men is governed by strict cultural mores, and the idea that in Thailand and Laos, it is rude for a stranger or acquaintance to touch a child on the top of the head.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Haptics
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Define and give examples of how artifactual communication is used differently in different cultures.
Ans: Varies, but should define artifactual communication as messages conveyed through objects or arrangements of objects made by human hands. Students should use specific examples. Samples from the text include how we decorate our homes and offices as well as to the clothing we wear and our physical appearance with jewelry, tattoos, and body piercings.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Artifactual Communication
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Define and give examples of how territoriality is used differently in different cultures. Ans: Varies, but should define territoriality as the space that an individual claims, whether permanently or temporarily. Students should use specific examples. Samples from the text include: Chinese feng shui or the use of space to encourage democracy.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Territoriality
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Define and give examples of how olfactics are used differently in different cultures. Ans: Varies, but should define olfactics as the study of communication via smell. Students should use specific examples. Samples from the text include Roman's use of roses, 16th-century "love apples," and the act of smelling breath in Hawaiian culture.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Oflactics
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Create a hypothetic example where monochromic and polychromic time use created barriers in intercultural communication.
Ans: Varies, as students must create their own hypothetical example. The example students give must include the idea that in monochronic time, things are done one thing at a time, while in polychronic time, many things are done at once. A sample example would be describing a meeting that was planned for a specific time being moved by a member of a polychronic individual, who sees this as normal, while an individual who is more monochronic could be offended.
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Chronemics
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. Outline and evaluate the possible arguments in the Fragante v. City and County of Honolulu case
Ans: Varies widely, but must apply to the case. In Honolulu, a Filipino man was denied a job as a city clerk. He sued on the basis of racial discrimination. Attorneys for the city argued that his heavy Filipino accent would have kept him from working effectively as a clerk.
Learning Objective: 4-6:Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Paralanguage
Difficulty Level: Hard
18. How is the wai gesture related to and consistent with other aspects of Thai culture?
Ans: Varies, but all should explain that the wai is consistent with other elements of Thai culture. Children absorb its nuances along with learning the Thai spoken language, which has a hierarchy of honorific titles and a special language of self-debasement to be used when speaking to royalty.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Give examples of gestures whose meaning varies by culture.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Case Study: The Wai in Thailand
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Use the example of Korean storekeepers and African American customers to identify nonverbal misunderstandings.
Ans: Varies, but should articulate the example used in the text. Misunderstandings include how money is handled, specific phrases, use of touch, eye-contact, and facial expression such as smiling.
Learning Objective: 4-6: Explain how nonverbal interpretations can be a barrier in intercultural communication.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Case Study: Korean-American Neighborhood Businesses
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Pick one function of nonverbal communication, and describe how it affects day-today life as we communicate interculturally.
Ans: Varies, but should examine the impact of one of the following functions: sending uncomfortable messages, forming impressions that guide communication, making relationships clear, regulating interaction, replacing spoken messages, and reinforcing and modifying verbal messages.
Learning Objective: 4-1: List the functions of nonverbal communication.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Nonverbal Communication Functions
Difficulty Level: Medium