V29 N1/2 WW II Merchant Ship Losses: Columbia River Built, Owned or Operated

Oeconhil Shipping

De la Roma

/

French line

Hammond Shipping

Java Pacific Line {Transpacific Trans.)

Luckenbach

Furness Line

Hiflcone Steamship

Johnson Line

Lykes Bros.

Kerr Steamship

Marine Transport

Northland

Norwegian-American

Pacific Mail

Pacific Tankers

a Dollar line

General Petroleum

Holland-American

Fred. Olsen

Petroleum Naviga·tioh

I

Donaldson

Generaf 55

lnterocean~

Keystone Shipping

Matson Oceanic

Oliver J. Olson

Parry Navigation

East Asiatic

Grace line

lshrandtsen

Kingsley

Moore•McCormack

Olympic Steamship

Pope & Talbot

MBIA Afterguard Cheri J. Folk, President Capt. Rod Leland, Vice President Robley Mangold,

Past President Joe Tennant, Secretary Don Magnusen, Treasurer Jerry L. Ostermiller,

Executive Director

Board of Trustees George F. Beall Dennis Bjork Peter Brix* Richard T. Carruthers* Thomas V. Dukich Fred Fields Walter Gadsby, Jr. Alan C. Goudy * W. Dennis Hall E.H. (Ted) Halton, Jr. Jonathan Harms Don M. Haskell Senator Mark Hatfield * Rep. Betsy Johnson Dr. Russell Keizer S. Kenneth Kirn Thomas F. Martin James Mcclaskey John McGowan * Prudence M. Miller Ken M. Novack Larry Perkins David W. Phillips Hugh Seppa Charles Shea June Spence Willis Van Dusen Bruce Ward Samuel C. Wheeler Ted Zell * Trustee Emeritus

2

RIVER

MARITIME

From the Wheelhouse One of my East Coast colleagues called me on the telephone the other day to discuss the upcoming Council ofAmerican Maritime Museums' Annual Meeting. CWe will be hosting this national gathering in September).

During this conversation he asked me what we are doing now that the Museum has been completed.

I shared with him how the new exhibits are attracting impressive numbers ofvisitors this spring (up 40% since March) which is nothing short of astounding. Our visitors are constantly telling us that they are thrilled with the changes, and we are receiving "word of mouth advertising" from throughout the nation.

Now that the Museum building has been upgraded, we are turning our attention to the development of our campus and programs.

Currently we are creating a Master Plan for the entire site. This will result in an attractively planted and lighted parking lot which will accommodate increased vehicle parking, drive-through parking for motor homes and trailers, staging areas for busses and ample spaces for the disabled. New signage and lighting, combined with planting of"low maintenance" greenery, will make for an attractive and safe environment. This project will be substantial and will require its own phased Capital Campaign. This will be a major project that will also require us to relocate the railroad tracks on the east end of the campus; the end result, however, will be a beautiful setting for this outstanding museum.

The curatorial department is also receiving special attention and support as we move forward. We purchased the 40,000 square foot Armory building directly across the street from the Museum for artifact storage.

It, too, is undergoing a planning process to tum it into one of the finest repositories for maritime artifacts in the nation. Our curators are very active, bringing in new collection items on a daily basis. A museum is only as strong as its collections, and our commitment

MUSEUM

as a collecting institution must remain aggressive and long-term.

Our Education team is also breaking new records in the variety of programs and the number of students reached both inside and outside the institution. For instance, our field instructor has given over 360 presentations to 9,000 students this year alone, all of which required her to travel to 30 different schools throughout the Northwest. Our in-house education programs are making the best use of our new facilities. Public meetings of all kinds in our new meeting rooms are making this museum a vital part of community life with special events being scheduled weekly. This summer we will host the National Park Service's ''National Superintendent Training Seminar", and as I mentioned, the Council of American Maritime Museums' National Meeting convenes here this fall.

That brings me back to the telephone conversation I had with my colleague on the other coast. Because we are a strong, aggressive institution that is moving boldly ahead with new and expanding programs, I told him that it is our hope that this museum will never be "finished". Our strength is our continued development, the result of a highly motivated and talented crew, led by a strong and visionary Board of Directors.

dJ Jerry Ostermiller, Executive Director

On The Cover: A close up section of a print: Steamship Stack Insignia. These stack insignia represent West Coast owned steamship companies as well as eastern and foreign companies in the Pacific.

Donated by John Clemson 2002.67.52 The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

COLUMBIA

. '

--...:C:_-i_

., ,,

RIVER

',",-',•::::

: . ,~ . •

'

'

,

, , , . ·•

..

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Left to Right: SS Kungsholm SS Santa Rosa

'

2002.67.115 2002.67.222

. . . . ,11~1~1

Left to Right: SS Kenya Castle SS President Cleveland 2002.67.118 2002.67.151

Shipping Poster Collection Donated to Maritime Museum The Maritime Museum exists today because of the generous support of our members. In this issue of the Quarterdeck the Museum is excited to share with you one of these exceptional donations from the past year.

John Clemson got started early in the maritime trade spending his youth on the waterfront exploring the steam schooners at Coos Bay. John Clemson's father worked for the Independent Stevedoring Company in Coos Bay, inspiring Mr. Clemson to follow him into the maritime trade, becoming a checker, then shipping clerk and later moving up to supercargo. While working in the Northwest for 30 years, including the flour mill at Astoria and paper mill out ofWauna, Mr. Clemson started on a lifetime of collecting maritime artifacts. One ofhis favorite subjects to collect was shipping posters from the merchant and cruise industry fleets in the Pacific Northwest. This collection of posters includes some excellent examples ofEmerThe QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. I

gency Fleet Corporation, Liberty and Victory ships of all types, sailing ships, the cruise industry ships and tugboats.

The merchant ship collection alone, a major part of this collection of over 600 prints and large photos, includes beautiful original posters produced during the height of the industry. Examples include the Grace Lines, Lykes Brothers, Dollar Line, Pacific Mail, Holland-American, Matson Oceanic, and States Lines, to name just a few.

A digital image database of the collection is now available through the new Museum Library.

This is a major donation which directly supports the Museum's mission to collect and preserve maritime artifacts from the Pacific Northwest and the Columbia River.

The collection will now be accessible to researchers and Museum visitors alike, as a permanent part of the Museum's world class collection of over 30,000 objects.

For more information on the benefits of donating artifacts, books or photos to the Museum contact the Curatorial Department.

3

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

World War II Merchant Ship Losses: Columbia River Built, Owned or Operated

by Captain Warren G. LeBack

The Portland built Liberty Jean Nicolet's merchant crew, naval armed guard and military The Columbia River area constructed passengers were subjected to brutal treatment, 604 merchant ships for the war effort unspeakable horror and torture after their between December 1941 and 1946 when vessel was torpedoed and shelled by the the last contracted vessels were delivered.

Japanese submarine I-8, Captain Ariizumi, The deliveries were as follows: rr===--====I::===============:::::;, commanding. She was attacked on July 2, 1944 in the Indian Ocean. The 41 merchant No. Yard ~ crew, 28 Naval Armed Guard and 31 military Cl-MT-BUI 4 Albina Engine & Machine Works 1 passengers lowered the four lifeboats and four rafts and all hands were successfully embarked 147 Kaiser Company, Swan Island T2 in them. The I-8 surfaced and shelled the ship.

C4-S-A4 20 Kaiser Company, Vancouver Captain Ariizumi ordered the lifeboats and life Liberty 10 Kaiser Company, Vancouver rafts alongside the submarine. Captain David 322 Oregon Shipbuilding, Portland Liberty Martin Nilsson was taken aboard and ordered below into the submarine, he was never seen or Victory 101 Oregon Shipbuilding, Portland heard ofagain. The balance of the crew, Naval 604 Totals L========i========-=========-_jl Armed Guard and passengers were ordered to board the submarine. Several crew members in the confusion and in the darkness pulled away The war losses covered both those from the submarine in a small doughnut raft. vessels built under Emergency Shipping Board The Americans had their hands tied with World War I program and the Maritime wire behind their backs. They were then Commission World War II program. Fiftymade to run the fore deck gauntlet made up of nine (59) Columbia River built, owned or the submarine's crew. The Japanese bayooperated were lost to enemy action in World neted, clubbed and beat the Americans as War II. They were torpedoed, shelled, they ran the gauntlet. Those who survived bombed, as well as lost to glider bombs and were thrown overboard. Before the massacre suicide planes. was completed a plane was spotted apIt is of interest to note the first five Liberties constructed by Oregon Shipbuilding proaching. The submarine dove to escape attack leaving those Americans who were still in Portland were lost by enemy action: alive to fend for themselves in the water.

About 15 minutes after the submarine dove Star of Oregon Torpedoed/sunk the plane flew over dropping rubber dinghies, Meriwether Lewis Torpedoed/sunk life jackets, food and water. Within nine hours William Clark Torpedoed/sunk a total of 23 survivors were rescued. The Robert Gray Torpedoed/sunk casualty list was 31 merchant crew, 19 Naval John Bany Torpedoed/sunk Armed Guard, and 27 passengers lost.

The I-8 under the command of Captain The George Clymer, a Portland built Shinohara was sunk on March 30, 1945 by the Liberty, had the shortest career of the 2,500 USS Morrison (DD560) and USS Stockton Liberties built. She was delivered in April (DD646). Presumably there were no survivors.

1942 and torpedoed and sunk on June 7, 4 The fate of Captain Ariizumi is unknown 1942. She was in service less than sixty days.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Launching of Star of Oregon at Oregon Shipbuilding in 1941.

CRMMphoto

but ifhe survived the war, he would have been a prime candidate to be tried as a war criminal.

The Portland owned Washington was sunk by German aircraft on July 5, 1942 about 360 miles west ofNovaya Zemlya Islands, USSR. Her crew of35 merchant seamen and 11 Naval Armed Guard abandoned the vessel in two lifeboats and four life rafts. Prior to abandoning the vessel the Radio Operator got off an SOS message which was answered by Matson's Olopana, another Portland built ship. The Olopana arrived at the scene some two hours later. It is of interest to note that the survivors of the Washington voted to take their chances of survival in their boats. They refused to board the Olopana. The Olopana's Master gave them food, water and extra blankets and clothing. The survivors on the rafts were taken aboard the lifeboats.

The two boats under Captain Julius Riekter set sail for Novaya Zemlya 360 miles to the east arriving there on July 12th • The boats averaged 30 miles per day under sail and oars. They landed on the island and killed a few birds from which hot soup was made.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

The crew returned to the boats and set sail southwest along the coast looking for a settlement or port of refuge. There are no settlements on the west coasts of the North or South Novaya Zemlya Islands. They did, however, come across the survivors of the Dutch ship Paulus Potter. Together the crews continued along the coast stopping occasionally to kill ducks and make soup.

On July 15111 they came across the American Freighter Winston Salem which had run aground on the island. They boarded her and had their first real meal in ten days. They were taken off the Winston Salem by a Russian rescue trawler stationed in the area. The rescue trawler delivered them to the British ship Empire Tide, anchored in Matochkin Strait between the North and South Island ofNovaya Zemlya.

Subsequently the Empire Tide joine<l a convoy of five vessels bound for Archangel, USSR. The survivors were landed in Archangel, USSR, hospitalized and recovered.

They were repatriated to Glasgow, Scotland without incident where they were put aboard the Queen Mary bound for Boston, arriving there on October 15 th • They spent 103 days

5

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

from the time their vessel was sunk until they got back safely in the United States.

One has to wonder if those crew members and Naval Armed Guard who survived the war followed their intuitions in life since it served them so well on the decision to stay in the life boats rather than board the Olopana.

Incidentally, the Olopana was torpedoed and sunk July 7, 1942 one day after answering the Washington SOS. The fifty-nine (59) Columbia River built, owned or operated carried the following merchant crew, Naval Armed Guard and passengers:

Total

Lost

%

2329

476

20.4

Naval Armed Guard

970

213

22.0

Passengers

281

40

14.2

3580

729

20.4

Merchant Crew

Total

The chances of surviving the attacks for the merchant crews, Naval Armed Guard and passengers were one in five.

6

The following lists the Columbia River built, owned or operated vessels with dates lost, position, casualties, owner/operator and date of build: Anne Hutchison Built: Portland, OR June 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Sudden & Christenson San Francisco Lost: Torpedoed October 20, 1942 off East London, South Africa. Three (3) crewmen lost A ntinous Built: Vancouver, WA 1920 Type: West Type Operator: Waterman Steamship Corp.

Mobile,AL Lost: Torpedoed and damaged on September 23, 1942 about 30 miles northeast of

MUSEUM

Isla Coracero, Venezuela but did not sink. On September 24, 1942 she was again torpedoed and sunk. There were no casualties.

Arcata Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type:Laker Operator: Hammond Lumber Company Portland, OR Lost: Shelled and sunk July 14, 1942 in the Gulf of Alaska. Eight (8) crewmen lost.

California Built: Los Angeles 1920 Type: West Type Operator: States Steamship Company Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed August 13, 1942 off the West Coast of Africa. One ( 1) crewman died in the lifeboat.

Canada Victory Built: Portland, OR April 1944 Type: Victory Operator: Alaska Steamship Co. Seattle, WA Lost: Sunk by a Japanese suicide plane on April 27, 1945 off Okinawa. 1 crew member and two (2) armed guards were lost.

Coast Farmer Built: Newark, NJ 1920 Type: "Submarine" from Submarine Boat Corporation Operator: Coastwise Line Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed July 20, 1942 off East Coast of Australia. One ( 1) crewman lost.

Coast Trader Built: Newark, NJ 1920 Type: "Submarine" from Submarine Boat Corp.

Operator: Coastwise Line Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed June 7, 1942, 35 miles southwest of Cape Flattery, Washington.

One ( 1) crewman lost.

./Jeer Lodge Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West Type Operator: Moore McCormack Lines, NY Lost: Torpedoed February 17, 1943 off Port Alfred, South Africa. Two (2) crewmen lost.

Edgar Allen Poe Built: Portland, OR April 1942 The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Type: Liberty Operator: Weyerhauser Steamship Company Tacoma,WA Lost: Torpedoed November 8, 1942, 56 miles Southeast of Amedee Light, Nowmea, New Caledonia. Two (2) crewmen lost.

Edmund F. IJickens Built: Portland, OR September 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: Pacific Atlantic Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Mined, Manila Bay May 2, 1945.

There were no casualties.

Elias Howe Built: Vancouver, WA July 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Pacific Atlantic Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed in Gulf of Aden, September 24, 1943. Two (2) crewmen lost.

Elihu Yale Built: Portland, OR June 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: McCormick Steamship Co. San Francisco, CA Lost: Glider Bomb Anzio, Italy February 15, 1944. Three (3) crewmen and two (2) Navy gunners lost.

Ezra Weston Built: Portland, OR August 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: International Freighting Corp.

NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed north of Lands End, England August 8, 1944. There were no casualties.

Francis W. Pettygrove Built: Portland ,0 R April 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: America Mail Line Ltd. Seattle, WA Lost: Aerial torpedoed45 miles south of Almena, SpainAugust 13, 1943 . There were no casualties.

George Clymer Built: Portland ,OR April 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: American Mail Line Ltd., Seattle Lost: Torpedoed by a motor torpedo boat on The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. I

Shipbuilding poster from the John Clemson Collection.

Ill

TO EVERYONE

2002.67.103

IN THIS PLANT: THI$ PLANT IS JtNGAGED 1JPON GOVltRNMltNT WORK £VERY PED$0N Bltltt OWES

THE UNITED STATES

A DVTY TO DO HIS t1TMO$T

TO MAK£ MATIJDIAL POD OVR SHIPS CAREF111.LY AND SPE"EDH',Y • • • 1£T THIS DE YOVD PART

OUR COVN'"I'RY IS DEPENDIN'& ON YOV EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION

June 7, 1942 in mid-South Atlantic Ocean ' one (1) crewman lost.

Harvey W. Scott Built: Portland, OR July 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Grace Line Inc. New York, NY Lost: Torpedoed on March 3, 1943 about 40 miles south of Port St. Johns, South Africa. There were no casualties.

Illinois Built: Los Angeles, CA 1920 Type: West type Operator: States Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed on June 1, 1942, 400 miles northeast of Puerto Rico. Thirty-one (31) crewmen lost.

Jacksonville Built: Portland, OR January 1944 Type: T-2 Tanker Operator: Deconhill Shipping Co. San Francisco, CA Lost: TorpedoedonAugust30,1944, 50 miles North of Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Forty-eight (48) merchant crew and twenty-eight (28) navy gunners lost.

James B. Stephens Built: Portland, OR October 1942

7

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

Type: Liberty Operator: United States Lines, New York, NY Lost Torpedoed on March 8,1943, 150 miles Northeast of Durban, South Africa. One ( 1) Navy gunner lost.

James Russell Lowell

December 28, 1944 off Mindoro Island, the Philippines. Forty (40) crewmen and twentyeight (28) Naval Armed Guard lost. There was one (1) survivor.

John H. Couch

Built: Portland,ORMay 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: McCormick Steamship Co. San Francisco, CA Lost: Torpedoed on October 15, 1943 off Cape de Fer, Algeria. No casualties.

Built: Portland, OR April 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: Weyerhauser Co., Tacoma, WA Lost: Torpedoed by a Japanese plane on October 11, 1943 at anchor offKoli Point, Guadalcanal. One ( 1) crew member and one ( 1) Navy gunner were lost.

Jean Nicolet

John Hancock

Built: Portland, OR October 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: Oliver J. Olson & Co. San Francisco Lost: Torpedoed and shelled on July 2, 1944 mid-Indian Ocean. Thirty-one (31) crewmen, nineteen (19) Navy Armed Guard, twenty-six (26) passengers. One (1) Army medic was lost.

Built: Portland, OR February 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Lykes Brothers Steamship Co., New Orleans, LA Lost: Torpedoed on August 18,1942, 95 miles west of Guantanamo, Cuba. No casualties.

John A. Johnson Built: Portland, OR June 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: American Mail Line, Seattle, WA Lost: Torpedoed on October 30, 1944 in the North Pacific. Four (4) merchant crew, five (5) navy gunners and one (1) Army Security Officer were lost. The Japanese submarine 1-12 surfaced after torpedoing the vessel, slammed a lifeboat, sunk a life raft, and machine gunned the survivors.

8

MUSEUM

John Sevier Built: Portland, OR May 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: States Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed on April 6, 1943, 20 miles southwest of Great Inagua Island, Bahamas.

There were no casualties.

Kentucky Built: Los Angeles, CA 1921 Type: West type Operator: States Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed by German aircraft on September 18, 1942 off Cape Kanin, Russia.

There were no casualties.

John Barry

Keystone

Built: Portland, OR January 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Lykes Bros. Steamship Co. New Orleans, LA Lost: Torpedoed on August 28, 1944 about 125 miles off Saudi Arabia in the Arabian Sea. Two (2) crewmen were lost.

Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: States Marine Corporation, NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on March 13, 1943, about 450 miles west of the Azores. One (1) crew member and one ( 1) Naval Armed Guard lost.

John Burke

Lewis L. .Dyche

Built: Portland, OR December 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Northland Transportation Co., Seattle, WA Lost: Struck by a Japanese suicide plane on

Built: Portland, OR 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: Interocean Steamship Corp.,

Continued on page 10.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

COLUMBIA

HIVEH

MARITIME

MUSEUM

CRMMphoto

The Loss of the S.S. Manna Ala, •'fhe Christmas Ship" The Mauna Ala, a Matson Navigation Company World War I West type freighter, was the first casualty in World War II. She was not torpedoed or bombed by the Japanese, but instead stranded on Clatsop Spit, Oregon on Wednesday December 10, 1941.

She served in the Matson fleet as one of their workhorses. It was to be the first ship lost in World War II, not a victim of enemy action, but under circumstances and conditions attributable to the war.

The Mauna Ala had put about Sunday, when war broke, under orders to race to the Columbia River, her Captain and crew unaware that all navigational lights had been ordered extinguished.

Sliding through moderate Pacific swells in total darkness, the Mauna Ala had no assistance from navigation aid lights at the mouth of the Columbia, all darkened under wartime restrictions, and radio silence prevented her getting bearings.

The Mauna Ala drove ashore head-on to the gently sloping beach, jarring hard and The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

corning to rest 700 yards from the water's edge. Her running lights still blazing, the Mauna Ala stayed all shoreward, then swung broadside on Thursday morning and soon began breaking up, as her bulkheads broke under the surf's pounding.

Vessels and tugs attempted vainly to pull her off. She was officially given up for lost Thursday afternoon and Captain Saunders and 36 crew members were taken off.

The Navy suppressed all news of the wreck until Thursday afternoon.

Meanwhile crates of candy, oranges, Christmas trees and other cargo began floating ashore Friday afternoon as the ship started to break up under the pounding of a rising surf and swell. The Mauna Ala carried 60,000 Christmas trees when she sailed from Seattle for Honolulu. She was a Christmas ship for the Islands.

Information collected from newspaper clippings and Matson Corporate archives by Captain Warren G. LeBack.

9

LUMBIA

Tanker Swan Island in South Seas Port, 1943. Drawn byR.B. Rogers.

From the John Clemson Collection 2002.67.363

RIVER

MARITIME

San Francisco, CA Lost: Struck by Japanese suicide plane on January 4, 1945 at anchor, Magrin Bay Mindoro, the Philippines. No survivors.

Losmar Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: Calmar Steamship Corp.

NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on September 24, 1942 250 miles west of Cape Comorin, India.

Twenty-four (24) crewmen and three (3) Navy gunners were lost.

Marcus Whitman Built: Portland, OR July 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Matson Navigation Co. San Francisco, CA Lost: Torpedoed and shelled November 8 ' 1942 about 110 miles offNatal, Brazil.

There were no casualties.

Meriwether Lewis Built: Portland, OR January 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: American Mail Line, Seattle, WA Lost: Torpedoed on March 2, 1943 in the North Atlantic. Forty-four(44) crewmen and twenty-eight(28) Navy Armed Guards were lost. There were no survivors.

Michigan Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: States Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed on April 30, 1943 about 60 miles west of Oran, Algeria. No casualties.

Nathaniel Hawthorne Built: Portland ,OR May 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Pacific-Atlantic Steamship Co., Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed on November 7, 1942, 40 miles north oflsla de Margarita, Venezuela.

Thirty (30) crewmen, seven (7) Navy Armed Guards and one ( 1) passenger lost.

Ohioan 10

MUS

Built: Vancouver, WA 1920

Type: West type Operator: American-Hawaiian Steamship Co. NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on May 8, 1942 about 1O miles off Boyton Beach, Florida. Seventeen ( 17) crewmen were lost.

O/opana Built: Vancouver,WA 1920 Type: West type Operator: Matson Navigation Co. San Francisco, CA Lost: Torpedoed and shelled on July 7, 1942 about 10 miles west ofMoller Bay, Novaya Zemyla, USSR. Five(5) crewmen were lost.

Peter Kerr Built: Osaka, Japan Type: Eastern type Operator: Pacific Atlantic Steamship Co. Portland,OR Lost: Bombed by German aircraft on July 5, 1942,northofNorway. No casualties.

Peter Skene Ogden Built: Portland, OR November 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: W.R. Chamberlin & Co., San Francisco, CA Lost: Torpedoed on February 22, 1944, 30 miles north ofPhilippeville, Algeria. No casualties.

Portmar Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: Calmar Steamship Co. NewYork,NY Lost: Bombed by Japanese aircraft February 19,1942 anchored in Port Darwin, Australia.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. J

COLUMBIA

RIVER

One ( 1) crewman and one ( 1) army person were lost.

Puerto Rican Built: Vancouver, WA 1919 Type: West type Operator: American Hawaiian Steamship Co. New York Lost: Torpedoed on March 9, 194 3 about 100 northeast oflreland. Thirty-nine (39) crewmen and twenty-five (25) Naval Armed Guard were lost. There was one (1) survivor.

Raphael Semmes Built: Vancouver, WA 1920 Type: West type Operator: Isthmian Steamship Co., NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on June 28, 1942 about 87 5 miles east of Cape Canavral, Florida. Nineteen (19) crewmen were lost.

Robert J. Walker Built: Portland, OR February 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: McCormick Sleamship Co. San Francisco, CA Lost: Torpedoed on December 24, 1944 about 165 southeast of Sydney, Australia.

Two (2) crewmen were lost.

Robert Gray Built: Portland, OR February 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Waterman Steamship Corp.

Mobile,AL Lost: TorpedoedonApril23, 1943, 125 miles south of Cape Farewell, Greenland.

There were no survivors.

Star of Oregon Built: Portland, OR December 1941 Type: Liberty Operator: States Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Torpedoed and shelled by German submarine on August 30, 1942 about 50 miles northeast of Tobago, West Indies. One ( 1) repatriated seaman was lost.

Samuel J. Tilden Built: Portland, OR November 1942 Type: Liberty The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Operator: A.H. Bull & Co. New York, NY Lost: Bombed by German aircraft on December 2, 1943 at anchor Bari, Italy. Ten(lO) crewmen and seventeen ( 17) military were lost.

Swifisure Built: Portland, OR 1921 Type: Tanker Operator: Marine Transport Lines Inc., NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on October 8,1942, 25 miles southeast of Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. There were no casualties, however sixteen (16) crewmen being repatriated on the Dutch liner Zaandam were lost on November 2, 1942.

Swifiscout Built: Portland, OR 1921 Type: Tanker Operator: Marine Transport Lines Inc. NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on April 18, 1945-125 miles eastofCapeMay, New Jersey. No casualties.

West Celina Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: American Export Line Inc. NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on August 19, 1942, 95 miles northeast oflsla de Margarita, Venezuela.

The Convoy Commodore was lost.

Washington Built: Los Angeles 1920 Type: West type Operator: States Steamship Co. Portland, OR Lost: Bombed by German aircraft on July 5, 1942 about 360 miles west ofNoraya Zemlya, Russia. There were no casualties.

West Hardaway Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: Isthmian Steamship Co. NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on June 15, 1942, 30 miles west of Granada West Indies. No casualties.

11

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

NewYork,NY Lost: Torpedoed on November 4, 1942 North Atlantic. Eighteen ( 18) crewmen and thirteen (13) Navy Armed Guards were lost.

HMS Tracker, first aircraft-carrier built by Willamette Iron & Steel, 1943.

William IJowes '

From the John Clemson Collection 2002.67.202

Built: Portland, ORApril 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Weyerhauser Steamship Co., Tacoma,WA Lost: Torpedoed on July 22, 1942 about 20 miles from Perambula, Australia. Four (4) Navy Armed Guards were lost..

William Ladd West Cheswold Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: American South African Lines Inc. NewYork,NY Lost: Scuttled as part of the Gooseberry I breakwater, Normandy Beachhead.

West Imboden Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: Seas Shipping Co., New York, NY Lost: Torpedoed and shelled by German submarine on April 20, 1942 about 175 miles east ofNantucket Lightship, Massachusetts. There were no casualties.

WestNohno Built: Portland, OR 1919 Type: West type Operator: American Export Lines Inc. Lost: Deliberately sunk as a blockship on June 11, 1944 to form the Gooseberry I breakwater at the Normandy Beachhead.

She was the last ship sunk to form the Gooseberry breakwater. No casualties.

WestZeda Built: Portland, OR 1918 Type: West type Operator: Not known Lost: Torpedoed on February 22, 1942 about 125 miles southeast of Trinidad. No casualties.

William Clark 12

Built: Portland, OR February 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: Isthmian Steamship Co.

Built: Portland, OR September 1943 Type: Liberty Operator: Weyerhauser Steamship Co., Tacoma,WA Lost: Struck by a Japanese suicide plane on December 10, 1944 while she was anchored 11 miles south ofDulag, Leyte, the Philippines.

There were no casualties.

William S. Rosecrans Built: Portland, OR September 1942 Type: Liberty Operator: American President Lines Ltd., San Francisco, CA Lost: She was mined on January 6, 1944 while anchored 8 miles south ofNaples, Italy.

There were no casualties.

Written and edited by Captain Warren G. LeBack, all data is from Captain Arthur Moore's book A Careless Word a Needless Sinking. Published by the American Merchant MarineMuseum,March 1983.

Recommended Additional Resources: The Liberty Ships, The History of the ''Emergency" type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During World War II.

The Victory Ships and Tankers, The History of the "Victory" Type Cargo Ships and the Tankers Built in the United States During World War II. L.A. Sawyer and W.H. Mitchell. Cornell Maritime Press, Inc. 1970 & 1974 The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

j

COLUMBIA

RIVER

A Trip Down Astoria's Waterfront in the 1930s

By Harold C. Nelson This is a recollection of mine, gathered from my memories of early years of schooling and growing up in Astoria. I also worked on the river on a ferry boat, cannery tender and towboats. The latter was my joy. That was a long time ago so if any inaccuracies appear, I apologize.

Astoria's waterfront should be defined as extending from the present Port Docks on the downstream end to Tongue Point at the upstream end, a distance of approximately five

miles.

Let's begin at Tongue Point and slowly work our way downriver, in a watercraft, of course.

The US Lighthouse Service, later taken over by the US Coast Guard, maintained a large facility for storage and maintenance of river and ocean buoys and navigational aids.

Two steel-hulled steam-powered vessels, the Rose and Manzanita, were moored at the docks. A few names of the fellows associated with the facility may sound familiar to some of you: Asquith, Leslie and Morris.

NextwereremnantsoftheHammond Lumber Company mill shipping docks where sailing ships loaded for Pacific Rim ports. The mill had burned on September 11, 1922 and was never rebuilt, a severe blow to Astoria's economy, as well as the town's catastrophic burning shortly after on December 8, 1922.

At the foot of present 50 th Street was a large complex of the Columbia River Packers Association, the largest of the salmon packers in the region. They also had a shipyard to maintain, repair and build boats for the company plus warehouse, net racks, bunkhouse and a fish receiving station. The facility was referred to as the Scandinavian Station named after an earlier-owned salmon cannery. About The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

MARITIME

MUSEUM

six canneries merged to form the Columbia River Packers Association, CRPA for short.

The tender Astormoored here during the fishing season. CRPA had a number of tenders that picked up fish daily from the various stations. I decked for several years on the Astor. A few names of people at the Scandinavian Station were Nelson, Peterson, Basel, three North brothers, Halonen and Messenger.

Chinook Station was located near the foot of 46 th Street. This was a facility owned

by Chinook Packing Company of Chinook, Washington which lies across the river from Astoria. A number of Astoria gillnetters sold their catch to Chinook Packing in return for net racks, storage, moorage and fish receiving. The tender Man O' War, made daily calls to pick up fish for delivery to the cannery in Chinook. Gus Bergestein skippered. Sam Christensen was station manager.

CRPA's cold storage, known as Hanthorne' s, comes next near 40 th Street. It was a large operation for ice-making, freezer rooms and preparing salt salmon for export.

A large amount ofice, both block and crushed, was necessary for daily delivery to the cannery, seining grounds and receiving stations. Other users were also served.

Tony Canessa and Bill Cattral were old timers here.

George and Barker Station, a CRPA property at the foot of3 7th Street, consisted of a receiving fish dock, net racks, warehouse, boat repair shop and a bunkhouse for out-of-town fishermen. The tender Leader moored here. Bill Bergman skippered. On the beach were Pete Welch, Ernie Gustin, Charles Bergman and Oscar Hendrickson.

At the foot of32 nd Street, near the old Eric Hauke grocery store, we find Brookfield Sand and Gravel. Charlie Larson founded and managed the facility for many years.

Many of the roads and dikes on the lower river were projects of Brookfield. A rock quarry was operated at Brookfield, Washington about 15 miles upriver. A bucket

13

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Looking up from 3 7th from the Net Racks at George and Barker Station.

CRMMphoto

14

digger for digging river sand, loading and unloading barges of sand and gravel was a necessary piece of equipment. The tug, Brookfield, skippered by John Ducich, provided the towing. She was powered by a Fairbanks-Morse diesel.

As we approach downtown Astoria we see the last of what some referred to as the Railroad Docks. Stemwheelers from Portland docked daily with freight and passengers. Among them were the Lurline, Undine and screw-propelled Georgiana.

Land transportation and improved roads were beginning to favor the land competition.

The demise of a colorful fleet, serving the region from Portland to Astoria, was drawing near. Replacing this waterfront section, we now have the Columbia River Maritime Museum, one of the country's best. The US Coast Guard shares the docking space with the Museum. River sightseeing cruise ships are now regular Museum visitors.

A short distance downstream were two car-and-passenger ferry companies providing service to Megler and Point Ellis, Washington. The ferry, North Beach, owned by Columbia Transportation Company, docked

at the foot of 15 th Street. Captain Elmer Faulk was her skipper. The service was established in the early thirties.

The ferry, North Beach, was later acquired by Captain Fritz Elfving' s Astoria North Beach Ferry Company in 1931 and was subsequently eliminated.

The Astoria North Beach Ferry Company's ferries docked at the foot of 14th Street. The ferries were named Tourist II and Tourist III. Capt. Elfving founded the company about 1922. The first ferry landing was at P. J. McGowan & Son's dock at McGowan, Washington. After a few years the Washington terminus was moved upstream about a mile to Point Ellis and then to Megler following the termination of the ferry North Beach.

The State of Oregon became the owner and operator of Capt. Elfving' s company in 1946. When the Astoria Bridge was completed in 1966, the ferry service from Astoria to Megler was discontinued. The ferry service could no longer accommodate the heavy traffic.

Dock space between the two ferry landings accommodated the moorage for the US Corp of Engineers' survey boat, The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. I

COLUMBIA

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Tourist No 3 on the ways. Woodfield Photo.

CRMMphoto

Geo. H. Mendell. She was retired, sold to Shaver Towing of Portland, repowered with a diesel engine, then used in the towing industry.

The Corp replaced the Mendell with a new upgraded steel hull and diesel-powered engine. She was then named the Robert Gray.

Her design complimented her nice lines.

Knappton Towboat Company, largest of the local towing companies, occupied the dock and warehouse between 14th and 15 th Streets. (There was no 13 thStreet) Both steam and diesel engines powered their fleet.

Among them were the Defender, Irene, Knappton, Myrtle, Melville and Tonquin.

Skippers usually were long-term employees who had advanced from deckhands to skipper. They were John Sigfridson, Oscar Nelson, Clark Bell, Bill Jacobson, Connie Johns, Mike Lawlis and Arve Larson.

Shaver Transportation of Portland berthed their steel-hull diesel Wilavis in Astoria to take care of their towing on the lower river, mainly log rafts out ofYoung' s Bay. Harold Herren and Sam Shields worked together, eventually being transferred to Portland when towing diminished. The moorage was located between 12th and 11thStreets.

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. I

Occupying an adjacent space downstream was Arrow Tug and Barge. The company was founded by three Cherry brothers: Harry, Phil and Ted. Both river and occasional ocean towing was supplemented by an agreement with the Columbia River Bar & River Pilot Associations to provide transportation to and from oceangoing vessels as they passed Astoria. Their vessels were Arrow 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Some names to go along with the fleet were John Hanhela, Charlie Nelson, Mag Larson, Vic Lonberg and John Pemberton who ran the Arrow No. 2 for pilot transfers.

A dock, from 11 th Street to 10th Street, provided moorage for a number of vessels handling freight and passengers. Among these vessels were L. P. Hosford, Elfin, America and Watco. The latter made daily (except Sundays) round-trips from Cathlamet, Washington. Harry and Ernie Foster owned the company and had successive boats over the years. Others were the JuliaB. and the Imperial. Eventually, the business became unprofitable to operate.

A smaller, but necessary boat, named the

15

COLUMBIA New Members July 9, 2002March 31, 2003 Statesman Cleo Brainerd Robert Bunch Harvey Black Bette R. Gant Mamoru Inouye Jean Leone Jay Leuck Jill D. Toberson

Ensign/Individual Membership Katherine M. Astala David Isaacs Kathleen M. Kaping Edward Moen Jacqueline L. Russell Thomas G. Thompson Robert W. Trumble Erika W eisensee

HIVEH

Mr. & Mrs. Craig Hoppes Susan Hutchison Donald R. Hutton & Robin Davey Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Jamieson Robert Jarvis & Elizabeth Mannarino Mr. & Mrs. Chip Jenkins Brian H. Kelly Mr. & Mrs. Glen Kenoski Troy Kotek & Teresa Utecht Mr. & Mrs. Kevin LaCoste Rosann Mayes Mr. & Mrs. Bill McGahey Alice Merrill Dan Monaghan & Rosemary

Crew/Family Membership Mr. & Mrs. Rodger Adams Capt. & Mrs. James S. Bernard JohnC. Blum Kelly Brown & Susan Applegate Capt. & Mrs. Raymond H. Collins Robert W. Cummings Jeff & Julie Dale Noel Des Marteau Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Dodgen-Magee Steve Dubb John L. Fagan Renee Fruiht Capt. & Mrs. Ron Gray, Sr. Bill Griesar & Bob Duehmig John H. Griffoul & Aha Morgan Mr. & Mrs. George Harrison David Hart & Terri Bianco Mr. & Mrs. Dave Hobson

20

MARITIME Mr. & Mrs. Russ Wilkins Mr. & Mrs. R.D. Williams Capt. & Mrs. Matthew C. Willing Mr. & Mrs. Garry Woodward Greg Zschomler

Helmsman Mr. & Mrs. James Alegria Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Brandt Mr. & Mrs. Kurt Davis Trudy Enke & Bernice Elmer Mr. & Mrs. G.Norman Hoxsey Mark Keyser Mr. & Mrs. Herschel Lange Mr. & Mrs. Harry Packard Mr. & Mrs. Ronald K. Ragen Kathy Samsel Mr. & Mrs. Russell E. Thompson Mr. & Mrs. Don Tuschoff Mr. & Mrs. Dale Victor Mr. & Mrs. Jim Wills Mr. & Mrs. Yockey

Boatswain

Baker-Monaghan Larry Nordholm & Gayle Smelser Trudy Nutter & Jim Hilton Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Owens Michael S. Plum & Kathie Kazlauskas Grant L. Polk Mark & Norman Rietveld Mr. & Mrs. James Sorenson Dr. Matthew Stadler Mr. & Mrs. Les Swain Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Tadei Steven Thompson Lora Van Nortwick Mr. & Mrs. Oliver Waldman Mr. & Mrs. Charles I. Weihe Dr. Karen Weisman Mr. & Mrs. John Whisler

Helena Barbey Lankton Mr. & Mrs. Daniel E. Crockett Douglas Du Val Dr. Robert Holland Dr. & Mrs. Ted Kingery Y aquina Lights, Inc. Ted M. Natt, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Dale A. Osborn Catherine S. Palmateer Mr. & Mrs. David W. Phillips Mr. & Mrs. Bill Wyatt

Pilot Kit J. Gillem & Deborah Horrell Mr. & Mrs. James McCall Murline White

Navigator Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Gustafson H .J. Hitchman Dr. & Mrs. Russell J. Keizer

Captain Cheryl Aho

MUSE Increased Memberships July 9, 2002March 31, 2003 Crew/Family Membership John S. Burlingham Susan Holway Florence Kelly Gail Moren Mr. E. Robert Nassikas Mr. & Mrs. Sam Patrick John & Juanita Price

Helmsman Mr. & Mrs. Stephen C. Allen Judge & Mrs. John C. Beatty, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Bill Bennett Mr. & Mrs. Tom Benson Mr. & Mrs. Donald M. Bertucci Mr. & Mrs. Robert C. Black Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Burkholder, Jr. Barbara A. Campbell Gerald Capps Mr. & Mrs. Andrew D. Carlson Juanita Colling Bob Coomes James Corlett Mr. & Mrs. Mike Covert Mr. & Mrs. Russell E. Donaldson Maxine Dymond Mr. & Mrs. David English Mr. & Mrs. Errol Eshaia Dan Faulkner Michael R. Frank Katherine Hellberg Melvin H. Iverson Mr. & Mrs. Mike Killion John MacDaniels & Kathleen Pierce Allan Maki Mr. & Mrs. Pete Mangold John E. Nelson Lawrence & Lela Newell Harry Phillips Mr. & Mrs. George Plant Mr. & Mrs. Harry B. Rice Jr. Gene Robertson The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. J

COLUMBIA Ida Schauer Mr. & Mrs. Paul See Mr. & Mrs. Barry Smith Mr. & Mrs. Jerome G. Smith Mr. & Mrs. Harold H. Snow Ilse D. Spang Mr. & Mrs. Denny Thompson Mr. & Mrs. Joseph L. Thompson Mr. & Mrs. Roger Truax Mr. & Mrs. Jim VanArsdall Mr. & Mrs. John E. Walker Mr. & Mrs. Robert Wells Mr. & Mrs. Lowell Wiley Mr. & Mrs. William Wuorinen Melissa Yowell Helen Sorkki Mr. & Mrs. George Wilhelm

Boatswain Mr. & Mrs. Arnold E. Andersen Mr. & Mrs. Dan Bartlett Mr. Robert C. Bueermann Mr. & Mrs. Theodore T. Bugas Mr. & Mrs. Thomas V. Dulcich Freda Englund Dr. & Mrs. Erik P. Eselius Mr. & Mrs. James G. Forbes Vernon & Nancy Fowler Mr. & Mrs. Michael Glick Susie Goldsmith & Bill Verner Rev. & Mrs. John Goodenberger Mr. & Mrs. Richard H. Lee Mr. & Mrs. Victor Mattila Dr. & Mrs. Dale McGinty Robert E. McNannay Mr. & Mrs. Bob Myers Dr. & Mrs. Paul D. Stull, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Walter Wollenbecker Andrew Young

Pilot Mr. & Mrs. John C. Braestrup Mr. & Mrs. Sam Dunkin Mrs. J. Irwin Hoffman Mr. & Mrs. Edwin L. Luoma Mr. & Mrs. Scotty O 'Neal

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

RIVER

MARITIME

MUSEUM

Ramon & Mary Vose

Mr. & Mrs. Lee Wilbur

Meyer

Navigator

Helmsman

Pilot

Mr. & Mrs. Del Folk Drs. Warren & Madeline Kalbach

Mr. & Mrs. Arthur Balinger Scott Carpenter & Chris Lynn Taylor Mr. & Mrs. Ronald C. Collman Arthur & Laurie Dolan Mr. & Mrs. George Dolaptchieff Mr. & Mrs. John Ducich Jaqueline Erickson Drs. Ann Goldeen & Barry Sears Mr. E. H. Halton Mrs. & Mr. D. Huddleston Dr. Robert Mitchell

Jordan & Mina Schnitzer Mr. &Mrs. Willis Van Dusen Samuel C. Wheeler

Captain Mr. & Mrs. W. Dennis Hall Capt. Donald E. Hughes

Welcome back to Membership July 9, 2002 March 31, 2003 Statesman Robert D. Barr Lou Evans Carol Povey

Navigator Mr. & Mrs. Jon A. Englund Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth M. Novack

Captain Mr. & Mrs. S. Kenneth Kim Mr. & Mrs. W. Louis Larson Mr. & Mrs. James A. McClaskey Senator & Mrs. Sid Snyder June Spence

Commodore Mr. & Mrs. James Mack

Ensign/Individual Memorial Donations July 9, 2002 March 31, 2003

Mervin Andersen Robert W. Blake Billylou Brattebo Dr. Del F. Corbett Tony Cox Tom Fordham Patricia North Colby Schmitt Nicholas D. Zafiratos

Crew/Family Mr. & Mrs. Michael D. Arevalos Mr. & Mrs. Vernon G. Barth Mr. & Mrs. Al Belais Paul Benoit & Constance Clifford Jonathan & Doreen Broderick Toby Dyal Mr. & Mrs. Dennis Hale Richard Kirkland Beth Milauden & Walt Garnett Lydia Morisette Mr. & Mrs. Barry Onouye Dale Perkins William Pragner Roger Rocka & Janet Mitchell Mr. & Mrs. Mark Tolonen Mr. & Mrs. William S. Wagner

y ·-·-·~~ nur •

,·<>• • · ' i p

....

nu.-_,..,_,,.,,o°"''"'

,.,,...,.....,.., ,

GB Mr. & Mrs. Darrell J. Murray Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Nailor

Boatswain Charles & Diane Awalt Richard Fencsak Mr. & Mrs. Herman M .

Haggren Mr. Jerry Jonasson Mr. & Mrs. Michael Josephson CDR Richard E.Lang Marcus K. Lester & Phyllis Abbott James Litherland Paula Marineau Mr. & Mrs. Stephen R.

George Abrahamson Victor Horgan Elizabeth Baldwin Mr. & Mrs. Steve A. Rothenberger Graham Barbe):' Mr. Warren Graham Victor Horgan Jim Knust Mitzi Latourette Wells Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson Richard H. Parker Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas D. Zafiratos Robert Barth Mr. & Mrs. Richard C. Tevis Georgene Ba):' Mr. & Mrs. Mervin Andersen Mr. & Mrs. Don E. Link Beatrice W. Berge):' Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson June Spence

21

COLUMBIA Jerome S. Bischoff Mr. & Mrs. Eliot H. Jenkins Carl Bondietti Mr. & Mrs. Don Abrahams Mr. & Mrs. Clarence J. Barendse Mr. & Mrs. William L. Bell Mr. & Mrs. Lester Bondietti Mr. & Mrs. Robert Brockey Mr. & Mrs. Richard E. Cameron Mr. & Mrs. Robert Chopping Mr. & Mrs. William R. Cunningham Mr. & Mrs. Patrick A. Dugan Mr. & Mrs. Donald F. Fastabend George Fulton Mr. & Mrs. Lenard J. Hansen Mr. & Mrs. Donald Helligso Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Lundholm Russell J. Lundholm & Gretchen J. Bingea Mr. & Mrs. Warren Mattson Dorothy Mickelson Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Eric Paulson Ethelyn Reneke Pat Samuelson Joyce Shoonmaker June Spence Mr. & Mrs. F. Lewis Wright Betsy Bush Mr. & Mrs. David E. Becker Caut. Peter T. Butler Dorothy Butler Richard E. Carlson Freda Englund Viola Corrigan Sharon Parker Thelma Taggart Dale F. Curry Mr. & Mrs. Ernest J. Barrows Alice Boss Rosemary E. Buchanan Mr. & Mrs. Robert Chopping Pearl Curry Betty Farmer

22

RIVER

Mr. & Mrs. Donald F. Fastabend Kathleen M. Flabetich Lillian Grubbs Don Gustafson Donna M. Gustafson Dick & Betty Huckestein Mr. & Mrs. Richard K. Jackson Mr. & Mrs. James Jarvis, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Curt Johnson Catherine McCauley Dorothy R. Mickelson Mr. & Mrs. Joe Miller Ashley & Helen Monroe Mr. & Mrs. Harlan S. Olsen Rosemary Pryor Michael Ramsdell Mr. & Mrs. Robert Roeser June Spence Mae Stiles Mr. & Mrs. Gordon Story Mayor Willis Van Dusen Mr. & Mrs. Edward Weber Bess Wunn Bessie Curtis Robert E. Swaggert Arnold Curtis Mrs. John Warren David Drake Joyce Bondietti Trygve Duoos Mr. & Mrs. Harold C. Hendriksen Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Knutsen Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Donald V. Riswick Russell Ellis Donald V. Riswick Bill Fastabend Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Donald V. Riswick Molly Saranpaa William Ford Donald V. Riswick David Funk Harry Phillips Frank 0. Glenn June Spence Nettie Graves Roma Bigby

MARITIME Jim Hansen Allan Maki Mr. & Mrs. Earl A. Malinen Mr. & Mrs. George E. Siverson Jacquelyn L. Edinger Edward Hauer, Sr. Dr. Rodney Miller Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson Art Heckard Donald V. Riswick George Hediger Mr. & Mrs. Don E. Link June Spence George Fulton NevaHelligso Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Dr. & Mrs. David I. Williams Palmer Henningsen Mr. & Mrs. Richard E. Cameron Mr. & Mrs. Norman Forney Molly Saranpaa Ruth Horgan Mr. & Mrs. Joe Miller Edith Angberg Hudkins Lucille Perkins Eugene 'Bill' Hughes Dorothy Labiske Jack H. Irvin Mr. & Mrs. Norman Forney John Jensen N eimi Oil Company In Honor of: Joe & Jean Joiner Mr. & Mrs. John C. Hart Wilfred Jossy Mr. & Mrs. Louis Kennedy Jr. Ida Kaufman Curtis Olson Ray Kyle Dr. & Mrs. David I. Williams Mark Laukkanen Donald V. Riswick Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth M. Simmons Fred Leslie Donald V. Riswick Art Leslie Donald V. Riswick

MUSEUM JackLidral Mr. & Mrs. Ed Mc Elhany Eugene Lowe Freda Englund Victor Horgan Mr. & Mrs. Louis Kennedy Jr. Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas D. Zafiratos Wenzel G. Luthe Mr. & Mrs. George Crandall Mr. & Mrs. Hugh A. Seppa James MacGregor Mary Dant Warfield Martin Mr. & Mrs. Allen V. Cellars Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Knutsen Mr. & Mrs. Dave Lum Mr. & Mrs. Joe Miller Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas D. Zafiratos Nancy Mattila Dorothy Labiske Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Mattila Joan Pratt Tod Mcclaskey Mr. & Mrs. Ward V. Cook Mr. & Mrs. Donald Magnusen Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson Anne McGowan Anne Barbey Capt. & Mrs. Joseph Bruneau Mr. & Mrs. Harry Dichter Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Frame George Fulton Mr. & Mrs. Walter Gadsby, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Robert P. Kearney Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Knutsen Mr. & Mrs. Joe Miller Jerry Ostermiller & Lynne Johnson June Spence Mr. & Mrs. Richard C. Tevis Mr. & Mrs. Wendell Wyatt

The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

COLUMBIA Frank McIntyre Gurie O'Connor Pat Miller Dr. & Mrs. David I. Williams Margaret Mund Beverly Aspmo Roma Bigby Susan Nelson Donna M. Gustafson Walter M. Novak Mr. & Mrs. James W. Davis Frans O'Brien Dr. & Mrs. David I. Williams Owen Oja Mr. & Mrs. Clarence J. Barendse Mr. & Mrs. Melvin Hjorten Allan Maki Mr. & Mrs. Earl A. Malinen Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Mr. & Mrs. Jon W. Westerholm Laila Ostrom Mr. & Mrs. Richard E. Cameron Frank Parker Mr. & Mrs. George Mosko vita Mr. & Mrs. Ward Paldanius Arnold C. Petersen Viola Abrahamson Mr. & Mrs. Max Bigby, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Richard E. Cameron Mr. & Mrs. Jeffrey R. Daly Mr. & Mrs. Clarence 0.

Dreyer George Fulton Mr. & Mrs. Robert Ginn Mr. & Mrs. Eric A Hauke, Sr. Mr. & Mrs. Melvin Hjorten Mr. & Mrs. Willard A Ivanoff Mr. & Mrs. Jeffery H .

Johnson Mr. & Mrs. Kent Johnson Sheila Johnson Mr. & Mrs. Howard Lovvold Paula Marineau J. Hope Moberg Mr. & Mrs. Donald D. Odenborg Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja The QuarterDeck, Vol. 29 No. 1

NIVEN

Mr. & Mrs. Larry Olson Brian & Linda Olsvik Donald V. Riswick Mr. & Mrs. George E. Siverson June Spence Mr. & Mrs. Larry Telen Mr. & Mrs. Robert Walker Don Phillips Fernhill Social Club Mabel Herold Aini Phillips Harry Phillips Ronald Porter Allan Maki Kent Price Capt. & Mrs. Joseph Bruneau Mr. & Mrs. Harry Dichter George Fulton June Spence Mr. & Mrs. Richard C. Tevis Richard Randall Mr. & Mrs. Robert McCracken Howard Remes Mr. & Mrs. Robert E. Frame Richard Riutta Roberta Riutta Tony Robnett June Spence Robert Roppel Mr. & Mrs. Wesley Anderson Dr. Kenneth Scales Mr. & Mrs. Joe Miller James Seal Mr. & Mrs. Erland Fahlstrom Donald V. Riswick Roy Seeborg Jeanne Clifford Mr. & Mrs. Donald A Kessler Mr. & Mrs. Eldon E. Korpela Allan Maki Mr. & Mrs . Nicholas D. Zafiratos John Seeborg Mr. & Mrs. Donald A. Kessler Ardeth Severson Neimi Oil Company

MARITIME Barbara Simpson Dorothy Churchill Gordon Slotte Donald V. Riswick Haskell Spier Dorothy Labiske Arnold C. Swanson Victor Horgan Joyce Tarabochia Mr. & Mrs. Doug Westerlund Mr. & Mrs. Ron Westerlund Dr. & Mrs. David I. Williams Wayne Tolonen Mr. & Mrs. Philip J. Blair Mr. & Mrs. Owen East Mr. & Mrs. Erland Fahlstrom Deana Hatley Elnora Hertig Mr. & Mrs. Kevin R. Hertig Mr. & Mrs. Ellis Hill Mr. & Mrs. John E. Hill Mr. & Mrs. Melvin Hjorten Mr. & Mrs. Richard K .

Jackson Florence Kelly L.M. Kerr Dorothy Labiske Kenneth & Esther Lampi Mr. & Mrs. Ernest E. Larson Florence Lindgren Mr. & Mrs. Toivo Mustonen Ms. & Ms. Frieda Obrist Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Oja Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja Mr. & Mrs. Paul Phillips Michael Ramsdell Gertude Rinell Mildred Simonson W averlie Warila Rosanna Tuveng Sheila Johnson Margaret Waisanen Mr. & Mrs. Robert Frame Hans Walther Mr. & Mrs. Louis Kennedy, Jr. John Warila George Fulton Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Knutsen Mr. & Mrs. Paul Phillips Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja

MUSEUM Sion Wentworth Mr. & Mrs. Ernest J. Barrows Capt. & Mrs. Joseph Bruneau Mr. & Mrs. Robert Chopping Mr. & Mrs. Harry Dichter George Fulton Roberta Jo Glenn Mr. & Mrs. Dick Keller Mr. & Mrs. Dave Lum Mr. & Mrs. Charles Mestrich Mr. & Mrs. Joe Miller Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Oja June Spence Nancy Thorsness Peter Whittlesey Mr. & Mrs. Allen V. Cellars Kurt Williams Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Bakkensen Reese Williams Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas D. Zafiratos Ruth Williams Mr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Bakkensen Anne Barbey Fleming Wilson Mr. & Mrs. Mervin Andersen Mr. & Mrs. Ernest J. Barrows Capt. & Mrs. Joseph Bruneau George Fulton EllaP. Hill Mr. & Mrs. Melvin Hjorten Mr. & Mrs. Don E. Link June Spence Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas D. Zafiratos

23

COLUMBIA RIVER MARITIME MUSEUM 1792 MARINE DRIVE ASTORIA, OREGON 97103 CHANGE SERVICE REQUESTED

Non-profit Organization U.S. POSTAGE PAID Astoria, Oregon Permit No. 328