Year 1_Primavera Algae Bioreactor Community

P30406 / Sustainable Building in Context PASSIVHAUS: Bacelona

PRIMAVERA Marija Milosevic 16038484

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// PORTFOLIO

+ C O N T E X T / A N A LY S I S

GLOBAL TO LOCAL CONTEXT

Images courtesy of Jose Delgado Torres

WIND

10m RISE

5m

1m

Although many predictions have been made regarding the flooding due to Climate Change, it is difficult to foresee the impact and the time scale of the event. In the next 100 years the IPCC predicts a sea level rise of 1-1.2m. The impact to the site would not be severe in that case. However, other factors such as change in tides and coast corrosion would be the major threats to coastal living.

FLOODING SCENARIOS

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Source: IPCC Climate Change Report 2013

+ DEMOGRAPHICS

81,715 SQM

SITE AREA: (8.17 HECTARES)

net population density sant marti: 841 pph (per inhabited hectare)

AGE DISTRIBUTION OF 24-39 YEAR OLDS IN BARCELONA

1785 PEOPLE

population ESTIMATION: on site, to match the area’s population gross density

WHO?

+ Population in full time employment and above the age of 35 is the dominant fraction of the demographic statistic. + Fewer housing in the area due to the dominance of offices, commercial and hospitality establishments. + Densely populated district due to high rise construction. + High property prices in the area due to higher earning and older individuals in the area.

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Gross population density sant marti: 222 pph (per hectare)

+ P U B L I C S PA C E S / G R E E N

Although the map displays as what it seems plenty of green areas around the site, the human experience of those spaces in very different.

The landscape in the public areas is mostly impermeable or permeable hard landscaping - the lack of planting and green oases in this hot climate creates an unpleasant environment during summer months in terms of outdoor thermal comfort.

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TEMPERATURE

+ HOMELESS

INTEGRATION Acceptance

CULTURE

SECURITY SHELTER

The profile of homeless people

90% are men 10% are women 58 years life expectancy.

42,7 average age 50% have children 44,5% haven’t had their own house for more than

three years 50% are looking for a job 54% are Spanish 60% have got secondary school studies 12% have got higher education studies 20% haven’t got a State medical card. In Barcelona, 79,2% suffer chronic disorders, mental or physical 50% have suffered an aggression or crime Source: https://www.arrelsfundacio.org/en/homeless-people/ the-problem/

Providing a temporary safe place within the development for the homeless people where they will have access to basic hygiene amenities - enabling them to get back on their feet, gain confidence and re-establish their social status through employment and opportunities. The co-housing scheme will provide some physical cultural and social integration as well as some job opportunities.

SOLUTIONS:

Homeless population by age Barcelona’s homeless shelters and foundation

9%

14%

22%

15%

<18 18-30 31-50 51-65

40%

>65

In collaboration with local homeless shelters and foundations, some small housing units designed specifically for the purpose would be allocated to the disadvantaged people who cannot meet their basic needs and obtain shelter in their current situation.

The tenancy at these dwellings would be temporary - until the individual is able to support themselves after obtaining employment and ability to self-sustain themselves.

The small units would have the basic amenities as well as advantages of the development and freedom all residents will have.

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PROPOSAL

+ ACTIVITIES Daily habits and rituals (quantified data)

CYCLING

April FESTIVAL

DIVING

OF CATALONIA

JOGGING + WALKING

SKATEBOARDING

MUSIC FESTIVAL

SWIMMING

The PRIMAVERA development aims to incorporate some of the various activities mentioned above, hence retaining the social integration and context of the place.

The area in the proximity to the beach lacks some commercial establishments and permeable areas which the development will aim to tackle through a physical connection of two popular public places on either side of the site.

SAILING + LAND SAILING

WORK

Personal care Sleeping Food and drink Other personal care Paid work Main work and secondary Other activities related with work Studies Unspecified studies ..

School, secondary school or university Studies during the free time Home and family Unspecified activities in home and family Culinary activities Household maintenance Clothing and preparation of the clothes Gardening and animal care Construction and repairs Shopping and services Household arrangements Children care household members Adults care household members Voluntary work and meetings Voluntary work at the service of an organization Informal assistance to another households Participatory activities Social life and enjoyment Social life Entertainment and culture Passive leisure Open air sports and activities Physical exercise Productive exercise Activities related with sports Hobbies and computers Art and hobbies Computers Games Media Reading Watch television, video/DVD Listen to the radio or recording Travel or unspecified use of the time

Hours + min 11:33 8:39 2:05 0:43 2:31 2:26 0:05 0:37 ..

%

Hours + min

100.0 100.0 99.7 95.6 34.2 32.1 8.1 12.8

11:33 8:40 2:05 0:45 7:24 7:37 1:04 4:51

0:31 0:05 2:59

9.2 4.4 85.6

5:37 2:14 3:29

0:03 0:54 0:35

3.7 68.6 50.1

1:22 1:20 1:11

0:12 0:12 0:03 0:27 0:01 0:26 0:03 0:13

18.7 13.0 3.2 39.7 2.6 21.3 3.5 11.5

1:04 1:32 1:35 1:09 0:46 2:03 1:37 1:54

0:01

1.0

2:07

0:08 0:03 1:12 0:37 0:08 0:27 0:47 0:45 0:00 0:00 0:35 0:03 0:21 0:10 2:11 0:15 1:53 0:02

6.9 4.2 62.5 41.0 5.7 32.8 40.3 40.0 0.5 0.5 31.8 3.1 23.5 9.3 83.6 21.1 78.7 3.5

2:02 1:21 1:56 1:30 2:21 1:23 1:56 1:54 3:05 0:34 1:51 1:38 1:33 1:52 2:37 1:14 2:23 1:14

1:18

85.1

1:31

..

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ACTIVITIES AROUND / on the site

+ SKETCH FROM SITE

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First drawing produced for the project.

Drawings mapping initial thoughts and responses after spending the day on the site and in its vicinity.

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CO-HOUSING Edible Gardens

Environmentally Conscious Reducing ENERGY CONSUMPTION Cultural Authenticity Green Belt Circular Microeconomy Placemaking young generations

SHELTER

Mix-use

Sustainable Working/Living EXPERIMENTAL

// VISION

// BRIEF

The primary feature of the seafront development situated on the site adjacent to the Parc del Forum in Barcelona’s Sant Marti district will be collective dwellings and co-housing units built to Passivhaus standards. The development aims to attract young adult population into the area primarily dominated by the dense urban scape, high rise dwellings, hospitality establishments and commercial offices in order to create diversity and serve as a catalyst for the future development of the area orientated towards its regeneration and expansion.

In collaboration with Barcelona’s organisations for aiding homeless population, the development will provide a number of temporary dwelling units for disadvantaged individuals as well as opportunities for becoming self sustained and financially independent.

+ CO-HOUSING + AFFORDABILITY + COASTAL LIVING + PLACEMAKING FOR YOUNG GENERATION + CIRCULAR MICRO-ECONOMY + EXPANDING GREEN BELT + BRIDGING PUBLIC SPACE + MIX USE DEVELOPMENT + MINIMISING ENERGY USE WITH PASSIVHAUS STANDARD + OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT + INTRODUCING PUBLIC COMMERCIAL AREA - Bridging the public spaces of Parc del Forum and Llevant Beach. + HOMELESS SHELTERS - Temporary solutions for disadvantaged people without a home, providing basic hygiene amenities and warm environment in collaboration with homeless shelters in Barcelona.

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Integration + Inclusion

// PROJECT CONTENT

DWELLING

SANCTUARY

Public

RESIDENTIAL (co housing) : + COMMUNAL KITCHEN AND CAFE + COMMUNAL LIVING AREA FOR 30 FLATS (OUTDOOR AND INDOOR) + STUDIO (~30 SQM)

bedroom area kitchenette

living and dining area

WC and shower balcony

storage + plant/control room + 1 BEDROOM (~36 SQM)

1 bedroom

kitchen + dining area

living area bathroom

storage + plant/control room balcony + 2 BEDROOM (~60 SQM) + 3 BEDROOM (~80 SQM)

TEMPORARY HOMELESS HOUSING SCHEME + Accommodation within a two bed dwelling unit with outdoor space and separate sleeping area. + The tenants would be involved in every day activities and maintenance of the housing complex (tending gardens, vegetables, shops or other employment)

COMMERCIAL + RETAIL (at ground level) - encourages flow of pedestrians and retail opportunities + HOSPITALITY AND DINING (cafes, restaurants) + BUSINESS HUB OFFICES (start ups ) on ground floor of dwelling units.

EARLY CONCEPT

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+ COMMUNAL OUTDOOR GARDENS AND SOME ALLOTMENTS ON ROOFTOPS

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+ BRIDGING THE PUBLIC AREA + BRIDGING THE GREEN URBAN AREA + CREATING A PUBLIC/PRIVATE THRESHOLD AT THE STREET BOUNDARY + CREATING AUTHENTIC CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE WITH LOCAL INDEPENDENT ESTABLISHMENTS

// DEVELOPMENT

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+ BRIDGING THE PUBLIC AREA + BRIDGING THE GREEN URBAN AREA + CREATING A PUBLIC/PRIVATE THRESHOLD AT THE STREET BOUNDARY + CREATING AUTHENTIC CULTURAL AND COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE WITH LOCAL INDEPENDENT ESTABLISHMENTS

// DEVELOPMENT

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+ DRAWING ANALYSING POTENTIAL ROUTES, VIEWS, SPACIAL ORGANISATION + ANALYSING THE SOUTH FACING FACADES AND THE MAXIMISATION OF SOUTH FACING FACADES ON SITE + ALLOCATING THE APPROPRIATE BUILDING HEIGHTS TO SPECIFIC SITE PARTS + ALLOCATING FOOD PRODUCTION AND SALE ESTABLISHMENTS

// CONCEPT SKETCHES

Attempts at finding the form of algae tubes following the iterations of building plans and a the three dimensional form.

Creating a basic form of the building using the concept sketches - integrating the elements such as solar shading shelves, creating green spaces and allocating the algae system.

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First concept sketch representing how the algae dual skin could be integrated with the building form and the function it would perform.

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// FORM FINDING

// ALGAE BIOREACTORS - PRECEDENTS ALGAE POWERED BUILDING

HAMBURG, GERMANY:

// 50% OF ENERGY DEMAND MET BY ALGAE BIOREACTORS - POTENTIAL TO INCREASE TO 100% WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY (PUMPS) // 129 BIOREACTORS HEAT UP TO 40 DEGREES - HEAT IS CAPTURED, USED FOR HEATING WATER OR STORED IN SALINE TANKS. // ALGAE BIOMASS IS HARVESTED AND DRIED - USED IN THE BIOMASS BOILER // PROVIDES NATURAL SHADING AS THE ALGAE ABSORB THE SUNLIGHT FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS. (Schiller, 2014)

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Below are some of the concepts for the Algae Bioreactor pipes that would envelope the building.

/ / A L G A E B I O R E A C T O R S - E A R LY C O N C E P T

Early concepts introduced algae bioreactors in form of tubes which could potentially act as solar shading during summer. However, this arrangement was inflexible due to the fixed positions of the pipes and lack of control over the aperture for shading and solar gain in summer and winter respectively.

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The concept also uses the algae photobioreactors which could emit light at night due to the certain strain of algae used in the tubes. This requires artificial illumination onto the tubes in order to reflect from the algae in the water at night.

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// MASTERPLAN SKETCH

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// MASTERPLAN

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// FLOOR PLANS

SECOND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

GROUND FLOOR - STUDIO + COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT (CAFE SHOWN) MILOSEVIC 23

GROUND FLOOR

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// RESIDENT INTERACTIONS

// ALGAE PROCESS IN THE BUILDING

// ALGAE BIOREACTORS Algae solutions are permanently fed through the main tube with CO2 and culture medium along with being ventilated and mixed with pressurised air.

The algae solution is fed higher amounts of cultures during sunny periods in order to optimise the use of sunlight for photosynthesis and hence the energy produced via this system.

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The solution allows diffused daylight though into the interior spaces although they could be adjusted (opened or closed) to suit the needs of the residents and personal preferences. The system protects the building and its interior from the direct solar exposure in summer and allows for solar gain in winter.

// 3D SITE SECTION

2 BED FLAT

2 BED + SANCTUARY

COMMERCIAL/PUBLIC

PUBLIC FOOTPATH

STUDIO FLAT

PRIVATE ALLOTMENTS ROOF ALLOTMENTS AREA

2 BED FLATS ALGAE BIOREACTOR SOLAR SHADING FACADE SKIN

BOARDWALK / WALKWAY

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TOWARDS THE SEA

// STRUCTURE

2 STORY UNIT + 2BED (GROUND AND FIRST FLOOR)

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3 STORY UNIT + STUDIO (GROUND FLOOR) + 2BED & SANCTUARY (FIRST FLOOR) + 2BED (SECOND FLOOR)

/ / E L E VAT I O N

FRONT ELEVATION - CLOSE BIOREACTOR SHADING

ALGAE BIOREACTOR PANELS

FRONT ELEVATION - PERSONALISED SHADING APERTURE

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+ Pivoted panels for rotation + Customisable aperture of the solar shading to accommodate personal preferences and the climate, controlling the solar gains and wind.

/ / E L E VAT I O N + M AT E R I A L S

Concrete Blocks for thermal mass to ensure stable temperatures during summer months.

others, T. (2017). Concrete Block 100mm - ÂŁ0.00 :. [online] Fieldenfactors.co.uk. Available at: http://www.fieldenfactors.co.uk/ building-materials/blocks/100mm-concrete-block [Accessed 12 May 2017].

Marley Eternit fibre cement particle boards for cladding.

EQUITONE Linea

Marley Eternit. (2017). EQUITONE [linea]. [online] Available at: https://www.marleyeternit.co.uk/Facades/EQUITONE/Linea.aspx [Accessed 12 May 2017].

Livingwoodwindows.co.uk. (2017). Timber & Aluminium Clad Windows - Flush Casement | Livingwood. [online] Available at: http:// www.livingwoodwindows.co.uk/products/flush-casement-windows/ [Accessed 12 May 2017].

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Triple Glazing Windows with wooden frame to contract the grey cement colour of the facade and to ensure Passivhaus standard.

Light transmittance 0.45

/ / C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

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1

/ / C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

MILOSEVIC 31

2

/ / C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

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3

/ / C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

MILOSEVIC 33

4

/ / C O N S T R U C T I O N D E TA I L S

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5

/ / PA S S I V H A U S

Passive House planning:

Passive House verification

U-VALUES

OF

BUILDING

ELEMENTS

Wedge-shaped building assemblies (tapered insulation), Building:

unventilated air layers and unheated attics ---> Auxiliary calculation to the right

Assembly no.

Building assembly description

01ud

Heat transfer resistance [m²K/W]

Photo or Drawing

Primavera Dwelling Block

Street: Postcode / City: Country: Building type:

[ES] - Barcelona

Climate:

interior Rsi : exterior Rse :

Altitude of building site (in [m] above sea level):

6

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

0.13 0.04

l [W/(mK)] Area section 2 (optional)

Area section 1

Building:

Interior insulation?

Wall

Fibre Cement EPS Airtightness Concrete Block Wet Plaster

2.220 0.034 0.090 0.510 0.900

Percentage of sec. 1

Home owner / Client:

l [W/(mK)] Area section 3 (optional)

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Percentage of sec. 2

l [W/(mK)]

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Percentage of sec. 3

100%

Street: Postcode/City:

U-value supplement

0.00

U-Value:

W/(m²K)

0.151

Thickness [mm]

30 200 16 190 11

Total

44.7

cm

W/(m²K)

Architecture: Assembly no.

Building assembly description

02ud

Postcode / City: Mechanical system:

X

Heat transfer resistance [m²K/W]

Street:

Interior insulation?

Floor

interior Rsi : exterior Rse :

Postcode / City: Year of construction: No. of dwelling units: No. of occupants: Spec. capacity:

2018 3

21.0 25.0 2.1 2.6

Interior temperature winter: Interior temperature summer:

8.0

Internal heat sources winter:

60

Wh/K per m² TFA

Ditto summer:

°C

Enclosed volume Ve m³:

°C

Mechanical cooling:

W/m²

357.8 x

W/m²

Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area

Treated floor area Space heating

Heating demand Heating load

Space cooling

Overall specif. space cooling demand Cooling load

329.1

1 6

kWh/(m a)

14 6

kWh/(m a)

Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) Primary energy

Heating, cooling, auxiliary electricity,

dehumidification, DHW, lighting, electrical appliances

DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity Airtightness

Pressurization test result n50

Requirements

m²

120 63 13

0.6

2

2

W/m

2

2

yes

10 W/m²

yes

18 kWh/(m²a)

yes

W/m

-

-

%

-

-

2

kWh/(m a) 2

kWh/(m a) 2

kWh/(m a) 1/h

120 kWh/(m²a)

-

-

yes

* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement

yes

Marija

Name:

PHPP Version 8.5

Surname:

Issued on:

Company:

Signature:

l [W/(mK)] Area section 2 (optional)

Area section 1

1. Beam & Block 2. EPS 3. Screed

0.700 0.034 1.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Percentage of sec. 1

U-value supplement

Assembly no.

0.00

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Percentage of sec. 3

0.0%

0.0%

U-Value:

W/(m²K)

l [W/(mK)]

0.152

interior Rsi : exterior Rse :

Earth EPS Concrete Slab Void Gypsum Plaster

0.300 0.034 0.510 1.000 1.000 0.400 0.000 0.000

BioPCM

Percentage of sec. 1

0.00

l [W/(mK)] Area section 3 (optional)

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.200 0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000

Percentage of sec. 2

W/(m²K)

l [W/(mK)]

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Percentage of sec. 3

12.0%

88% U-value supplement

53.5

cm

0.00 0.00

l [W/(mK)] Area section 2 (optional)

Area section 1

Total

225 210 100 0 0 0 0 0

Interior insulation?

Roof

Heat transfer resistance [m²K/W]

Thickness [mm]

W/(m²K)

Building assembly description

03ud

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

l [W/(mK)] Area section 3 (optional)

Percentage of sec. 2

100%

yes

-

0.6 1/h

Passive House?

We confirm that the values given herein have been determined following the PHPP methodology and based on the characteristic values of the building.

The PHPP calculations are attached to this application.

Fulfilled?*

15 kWh/(m²a)

0.00 0.00

0.0%

U-Value:

0.152

W/(m²K)

Thickness [mm]

Total

350 150 350 250 13 0 0 0

111.3

cm

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Street:

// BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arrels Fundació. (2017). Arrels Fundació | Nobody sleeping on the street. [online] Available at: http://www.arrelsfundacio.org/en [Accessed 3 Mar. 2017].

Bcn.cat. (2017). Por barrios segun grandes grupos de edad. Absolutos. 2016. [online] Available at: http://www.bcn.cat/estadistica/angles/dades/guiadt10/ pob10/t5.htm [Accessed 4 Feb. 2017].

Build Up. (2017). The BIQ House: first algae-powered building in the world. [online] Available at: http://www.buildup.eu/en/practices/cases/biq-house-firstalgae-powered-building-world [Accessed 10 Apr. 2017].

Farre, J. (2017). Edifico retroalimentado con la energía de las algas gana el Metropolis Mag’s next generation competition. [online] Casasecologicas.org.

Available at: http://www.casasecologicas.org/2011/05/edifico-retroalimentado-con-la-energia.html [Accessed 10 May 2017].

Floodmap.net. (2017). Flood Map: Water Level Elevation Map. [online] Available at: http://floodmap.net/ [Accessed 18 Feb. 2017].

Gregory, J. (2017). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis - Projections of Sea Level Rise. 1st ed. [ebook] Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change, pp.9/16. Available at: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/unfccc/cop19/3_ gregory13sbsta.pdf [Accessed 19 Feb. 2017].

Grozdanic, L. (2017). Algae Urban Farm / ecoLogicStudio - eVolo | Architecture Magazine. [online] Evolo.us. Available at: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/algae-urban-farm-ecologicstudio/ [Accessed 12 May 2017].

Hay, M. (2017). Hamburg Now Has an Algae-Powered Building. [online] GOOD Magazine. Available at: https://www.good.is/articles/algae-powered-building [Accessed 10 Apr. 2017].

Livingwoodwindows.co.uk. (2017). Timber & Aluminium Clad Windows - Flush Casement | Livingwood. [online] Available at: http://www.livingwoodwindows. co.uk/products/flush-casement-windows/ [Accessed 12 May 2017].

Marley Eternit. (2017). EQUITONE [linea]. [online] Available at: https://www. marleyeternit.co.uk/Facades/EQUITONE/Linea.aspx [Accessed 12 May 2017]. meteoblue. (2017). Climate Barcelona. [online] Available at: https://www. meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/barcelona_spain_3128760 [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017].

T. (2017). Concrete Block 100mm - £0.00 :. [online] Fieldenfactors.co.uk.

Available at: http://www.fieldenfactors.co.uk/building-materials/blocks/100mmconcrete-block [Accessed 12 May 2017].

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Schiller, B. (2017). This Algae-Powered Building Actually Works. [online] Fast Company. Available at: https://www.fastcompany.com/3033019/this-algae-powered-building-actually-works [Accessed 12 May 2017].