Lecture presented at the NTUA, Department of Architectural Engineering // June 2015 // Author: Papandreou Marielena // Abstract : References in mathematics, particularly in arithmetic and geometry, are a general feature of architecture throughout the history. Mathematics sometimes were considered as the true foundation, the theoretical justification of architecture discipline, and other times as a collection of useful design tools. In the late 18th century with the development of calculus, the gradual alienation between the two branches occurred, as architects couldn't follow the fast developments and increased specialization of mathematics of their time. Over the past decade, with the beginning of computation we had the opportunity not only to reconnect architecture with geometry, but to seek the possibilities of non-Euclidean geometry and realize the opportunities that other branches of mathematics offer, such as topology, differential and integral calculus and algorithms.