Part 1 Architecture Portfolio

PORTFOLIO Part I Architectural Assistant Maria - Alexandra Cardan

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CONTENTS

CURRICULUM VITAE

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SUSTAINaLIBRARY: community hub for developing sustainable knowledge

4

ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFIER STUDY

16

RAVENSBURG MUSEUM OF ART STUDY

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ART GALLERY: Salford recycling repurposing atelier and gallery

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OBSERVATORY DESIGN CONCEPT: influence of the facade

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MOUNTAIN CABIN DESIGN CONCEPT: design for cost efficiency

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ON SITE WORK

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MARIA - ALEXANDRA CARDAN Part I Architectural Assistant BA (Hons) Architecture

ABOUT ME

INTERESTS

I am a recent bachelor’s graduate passionate about urban regeneration through environmentally appropiate solutions that contextually respond to the heritage attributes of place.Valuing design’s quality of occuring in conversation with others, architects and non-architects, as an assistant I am looking forward to effectively engage my surveying and creative design expertise, while better informing my technical craft and my ability as a collaborator.

Delving deeper into my interest for the surrounding built and natural environment I discovered a passion for candid humanist photography. By capturing the places and landscapes present in my everyday life along with the people that bring life to them and their activities, I am developing a better sense of the spontaneous connections between humans and their context.

CONTACT 07586302116 mariaalexandracardan@gmail.com LinkedIn: Maria Alexandra Cardan 341 Great Western Street, Manchester M14 4AL

EXPERIENCE

REFERENCES Arch. Stephen Hodder, third year tutor at the MSA email: s.hodder@hodderandpartners.com Arch. Raluca Zbarcea, mentor at SEVA Studio Brasov, Romania email: raluca.zbarcea@yahoo.com

EDUCATION BA (Hons) Architecture I 2021-2024 Manchester School of Architecture degree classification: expected First Class Honours Highschool I 2017-2021 Colegiul National “Andrei Saguna” Brasov, Romania Baccalaureate grade: 9.73

SOFTWARE SKILLS » Revit » Sketchup » Lumion » Enscape » Photoshop » Illustrator » InDesign » Autocad » Rhinoceros 3D » Archicad » Grasshopper

SOFT SKILLS » critical thinking » prototyping » research and analysis » collaboration » creative problem solving » adaptability

LANGUAGES » Romanian (native) » English (advanced) IELTS Exam CEFR, Level C1 » French (fluent) Linguistic Competence Certificate B2

CERTIFICATIONS

PROFFESIONAL

EXTRA CURRICULAR

2023 Jul. - Aug. Intern at SEVA Studio Brasov, Romania

2024 Jan. Model Making Workshop, Poznan, Poland

2023 Jul. Project Assistant at Centre fot the Built Environment, Romania

2023 Nov. Site visit at the London Road Fire Station

Worked along my mentors at an interdisciplinary urban acupuncture atelier, focused on creating regenerative design schemes for neglected public spaces in Brasov.

Gained insights on the retrofit works executed by Purcell practice on the grade II* listed building. Acquired knowledge on conservation techniques, applications for listed buildings consent and planning permission.

2023 Jun.- Jul. Volunteer “Ambulance for Monuments”, Romania

2023 Oct. Participated at Masterclass with Stephen Hodder and Kevin Singh

Conducted the planning permission survey for retrofitting an existing house in Sacele, Brasov. Carried out the site’s measurements and analysed provided topographic data. Completed scaled plan, section, elevation drawings of the existing structure in Archicad.

Worked under the supervision of a team of Romanian conservation architects and Jan Hulsemann on restoring the 13th century Fortified Evangelical Church Ensemble at Dealul Frumos, Sibiu county, Romania. Restoring the south-east and north-west towers’ structural strength and envelope required construction work as well as a good understanding of medieval timber joints, traditional Saxon ceramic roof tiles and masonry layering, for repairing a detached wall portion.

2023 May MSA LIVE + FOR TYLDESLEY “Ponky’s Park” design scheme

Teamwork for the redevelopment a green public area in Tyldesley, UK. Site analysis, design development, stakeholder engagement activities organisation.

2022 - 2023 Nov.- Mar. Mentee at Seven Architecture, Manchester UK

As part of the RIBA Future Architects Student Mentoring Programme, I had the chance to discover practice insights from office systematisation and work flow through the RIBA stages, to assisting on site the ongoing construction process for the restoration of Withington Baths, Manchester.

2022 May MSA LIVE + Design Manchester + Shenzhen Fringe Arts Centre “Side

by Side” pavilion design Collaboration for curating a pavilion design to promote inclusion of cultures, and Manchester as a child friendly environment. Worked on creative modular design, illustration editing for the publication, and collaborative activities with children in the city.

Collaborated with architecture students and staff from Poznan University of Technology in analysing the historic context, building typology and evolution to create a 1:50 facade representation of the medieval town square.

2023 Jun. Participated at the Kengo Kuma Design Conference in Sibiu, Romania 2023 Feb. - May Volunteering as fashion photographer at Together Trust, Cheadle 2022 Sep. - Dec. BA2 Student Representative Role at Manchester School of Architecture 2022 Nov. Participated at the Norman Foster Design Conference at MSA 2022 Jan. Completed ArchiStar Academy Sketchup and Revit online courses 2019 Jun. - Sept.

Historic Guide Volunteer at the Black Church Brasov, Romania 2019 Jul. Rhinocerus 3D modelling workshop “Brasovul 3M”

3D modelling and printing signature city buildings for creating a site model of the communist city, that will join the existing medieval and modern ones in an exhibition Brasov, Romania

2019 Mar.

Participated at a interior design course led by Martine Claessens

» ECDL BAC Profile - Microsoft Office Suite

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SUSTAINaLIBRARY community hub for developing sustainable knowledge

The project aims to provide a contemporary library/community hub in the heart of Todmorden. As the town already features a local library, the new design will comprise of a mediatheque library and adjacent spaces dedicated to the study of sustainable, traditional practices such as seasonal planting, cooking, and recycling crafts. Inspired by the influence The Incredible Edible Network had on the town, and the community, the building intends to effectively integrate these values and accommodate their growth. The essence of the spaces is reflected by the structural volumes that accommodate them. The ample rotunda hosting the library communicates with the town hall, inviting visitors into the green atrium and passageway towards the market side. As a threshold area, it connects the built heritage of Todmorden and its rich natural landscape.

The rest of the structure follows a simple rectilinear pattern, allowing fluid access into the study spaces.

EXTERNAL VIEW FROM THE MARKET SIDE

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ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO SITE ANALYSIS town hall town library religious (churches)

PROGRAM

banks leisure (restaurants/pubs) commercial/mix-use hotels/inns local galleries/art stores residential River Cardale green spaces

- following the site’s program,

the accommodation schedule of the new design will prioritise public recreation areas towards the market side, inviting people in, and more private, quiet areas on top floors on the town hall side. Central circulation for best accessibility will be provided.

car parks railway bus stops main traffic routes site

VOLUME

I Grade listed II Grade listed not listed but with historical importance

- creating a central path for maximising safe circulation for pedestrians -main entrance on the east side where the market gathers the community -inviting round entrance reflecting the town hall’s volume

- increased traffic around the site and the presence of the parking lot represent safety risk to pedestrians

SAFETY prominent topographic variation causes the east side of the site to be part of the flood risk area

- pushed back ground floor entrance for protecting structure against flooding and pedestrians from traffic -cantilevered top floors offering weather protection to the entrance

- limited amount of sunlight due to orientation - dense built context southern reduces solar gain

LIGHT

DESIGN POSITION The design approach stems in understanding the quality of the historic setting of Todmorden. By analysing the existing building typologies, proportions, materiality, traditional craft, the project explores the development of new sustainable and environmentally appropriate solutions that can be contextualised to resemble and merge with the existing built fabric. The library delves into maintaining a robust masonry envelope that resembles its surroundings while analysing possible strategies for maximising passive lighting. The site orientation and densely built surroundings challenge this strategy. Therefore, the implementation of an internal light atrium, an angled glazed facade, and a path between the two main structures was developed.

- provision of roof lights oriented towards south for maximising solar gain and passive lighting - path break in between main floor plates for natural cross ventilation

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ADRESSING THE COMMUNITY Todmorden is home to various age groups, however, students usually leave the town for superior studies, the ones staying becoming apprentices and starting to work predominantly in the manufacturing, and culinary fields.

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Manufacturing

Todmorden Demographic Analysis source: Census 2021 Annual Business Inquiry 2001

No qualification

GCSE, grades D,E,F,G

GCSE, grades A*,A,B,C

A levels

Bachelors degree

Apprenticeship

Construction Distribution, hotels, restaurants Transport and communications Banking, finances, insurance Public admin, education, health

NEEDS

educate the passionate youth education on sustainability strengthen community values skills development environmental knowledge and awareness

WANTS

Other

entertainment in-depth education contribute to society passion for sustainable art improve local economy

Adults

community hub lectures and information sharing interact with technology practical workshops share local environmental practices

Students

Tourists

EMOTIONS

COMMUNITY EDUCATION ENVIRONMENT

ACTIVITY

Teachers

calm willing to learn passionate curious excited

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND TECHNICAL RESOLUTION

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2 PLANTING ROOF TRIPLE GLAZING PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY SUPPLY

CROSS VENTILATION

MVHR PASSIVE INSULATION STRATEGY

1

RAIN WATER COLLECTION AND REUSE

Construction Sequence Key: 1. excavation, laying the foundation, install scaffolding, and assembling the prefabricated glulam structural components 2. installing the CLT load-bearing slabs and wall panels, layering envelope elements (vapour barrier, insulation, DPM, anchor brackets, brick facade) + services installation 3. adding the mullions, the triple glazing and roof finishes, furnishing the interior

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SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION COMMUNITY KITCHEN WORKSHOP 1- reception 2- cafe 3- book return 4- kitchen 5- book shop 6- staff/delivery area 7- toilets 8- recreation area 9- lecture room 10- plant room 11- mix use area 12- kitchen workshop 13- private study rooms 14- co-works 15- reading pods 16- reading area

s 26

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e E

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17- meeting rooms 18- co-works + computer area 19- archive 20- office 21- book borrow + copy/printers 22- library rotunda 23- solar panel energy source 24- roof terrace / planting area 25- sheltered area 26- exhibition space

E - fire escape stairs s - feature staircase e - fire proof elevators

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s 21 e e E

PLANTING ROOF TERRACE

E 20

7

19 16 18 17 15 s 7 e e E

13

E

14 11

12

8 9

7

LIBRARY ROTUNDA AND ATRIUM VIEW

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s e e

E

E 3

5 7 6 4

1

2

9

1:20 DETAIL SECTION STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF A FRAGMENT

For the final level, along with the roof terrace is the exhibition space rotunda. To maximise the spatial quality a bracing beam system that not only supports the glazed parts of the roof but creates an atmospheric play of light and shadow was implemented.

triple glazed circular roof light

Level 3

triple glazed circular roof light

CLT roof slab Level 2 glulam beam truss glulam ring beams

300x300 glulam columns

Level 1

engineered timber raised floor access raised floor pedestals Level 0 CLT floor slab 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000mm

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ROOM WITH A VIEW 1:50 fragment model

The corner model presents a slice of the circular part of the structure, the one communicating with the town hall. This is a threshold area which connects the built heritage of Todmorden and its rich natural landscape. The rooms announce this design aim through the dual views, external towards the town hall and internal towards the green atrium. The glazed top floor connected with the roof terrace is designed as a circular exhibition space, where the exhibit is the town itself. The greenery around the edges of the balcony is purposefully planted in order to revitalise the view of the densely built townscape, engaging the community to reflect upon the importance of nature in urban areas.

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THE TALE OF DETAIL 1:5 detail study

CONCEALED SERVICES

Prefabricated hit-and-miss panel 330x80x90mm brick 170x80x90mm brick

The raised floor access not only provides better noise cancellation along with the insulation but allows the interiors to be well environmentally controlled while not overwhelmed by visible service ducts and pipes.

Steel Support Frame

CONTEXTUAL FACADE

Bars and Channel Support Brackets

Wishing to enhance natural light provision in the library while maintaining the solid character of Todmorden’s masonry architecture, the main facade incorporates both functional and contextual aspects. The perforated brick pattern is a reminiscence of the traditional craft of cotton weaving, as the new library aspires to weave back the community and values of the town.

20mm engineered wood flooring 150mm engineered raised floor access steel pedestals+heating/ventilation pipes aluminium frame + timber mullion low-E triple glazing

150mm CLT slab

240mm mineral wool insulation

DMP + rain screen

ATMOSPHERIC LIGHT The experiential quality of the space will be increased by the light and shadow play. The perforated facade does not act solely as a shading system or wind barrier but as a metaphor for the light of knowledge, guiding the visitor’s experience in the library. Moreover, the pattern frames different parts of the external view, impelling people to meditation upon the town.

cavity fire 60mm 60mm soffit structural stop insulation extension insulation

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LIGHT IN THE CO-WORKING SPACE “The sun never knew how great it was until it hit the side of a building” - Louis Kahn

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SITE INTEGRATED DESIGN

Roof terrace floor plan

South Elevation Second floor plan

Section a-a

First floor plan

b-b

a-a

Section b-b

Ground floor plan

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CONCLUSION 18

19

17 16 15 14 8 13 12

6

11 10 9 7

5

4

3

2 1

1- 20mm engineered wood flooring 2- 90mm underfloor services 3- 150mm raised floor access steel pedestals 4- 60mm fire stop cavity insulation 5- 150mm CLT slab 6- glulam beam 7- glulam column 8- U-bracket + lateral support plate 9- timber mullion 10- low-E triple glazing 11- steel support bars + fixing brackets 12- steel support frame 13- 330x100x90mm cream clay hit-and-miss bricks 14- 60mm glazed wall fire cavity stop insulation 15- frit glass spandrels 16- L-shape raised floor fixing bracket 17- floor-curtain wall bracket connection 18- aluminium mullion frame 19- 60mm structural insulation 20- vapour barrier layer 21- 240mm cantilever floor mineral wool insulation 22- damp proof membrane 23- 60mm cement fibre soffit

20 21 22 23

EXTERNAL VIEW FROM THE MARKET SIDE

0 100 200 300 400 500mm

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TECHNOLOGIES FRAGMENT STUDY The prototyping stage explores opportunities to regulate the internal climate during morning hours when the East facade recieves considerate amounts of light. Through a sequenced study of fixed and operable shading devices solar radiation is analysed along with constructability and internal spatial quality. All testings involve prefabricated components that consider the use of local recycled materials that would also help in advancing the facade contextual quality.

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DEVELOPING A SHADING SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES POSITION

CLIMATE CHANGE - compliance with RIBA sustainable outcomes

The library design project delves into maintaining a robust masonry envelope that resembles its surroundings while analysing possible strategies for maximising passive lighting. The site orientation and densely built surroundings challenge this strategy.

Therefore, the implementation of large glazed portions in the envelope was inevitable. Due to this, in the prototyping stage shading devices that offer privacy and a tactile quality will be explored.

NET ZERO EMBODIED CARBON The use of local timber for producing the glulam structure and slabs is the main strategy for reducing the carbon footprint.

Along with that part of the masonry envelope will be recycled from the existing building on site. The reuse and provision of local materials will minimise transport energy too.

SPLITS

LATERAL SUPPORT

Risk Consideration

Prevention

Beam-Beam Concealed Plate Joint SPLITS

Risk Consideration

Prevention

Con mosso brick to supplement existing provision

Existing building Cladding to be reused

• weathered tested with F2S2 durability classification • prefabricated panels can minimise work on site • can be reused at end of life of the structure • class A1 fire rating

WALL BUILD-UP U-value = 0.11 W/m2K 1- brick cladding 2- anchor brackets 3- DPM 4- insulation 5- vapour barrier 6- CLT panel

1

3

2

4 5

6

NET ZERO OPERATIONAL CARBON The building aims to implement a hybrid ventilation strategy. In summer opening parts of the glazing will operate, while in winter a MVHR system along with the thick insulation layer will assure a controlled environment, minimising operational energy.

BUILDING AND LIFE SAFETY STABILITY Beams-Column U-Bracket Joint

MATERIALS ENVELOPE

STRUCTURE

FLOOR BUILD-UP U-value = 0.1 W/m2K

3

Oak Tree

Glulam benefits of dimensional stability as it does not twist or bend, however types of steel joinery can affect its long term performance, causing splitting.

Glulam Beams, Columns

100mm mineral fibre insulation cavity barrier 15mm insulation spaced at 10mm

7

6

1

6- L-bracket 7- cavity barrier 8- thermal core 9- pedestals 10- timber flooring

TOOLS PREFABRICATION Glulam and CLT

ON SITE ASSEMBLY All prefabricated elements will be transported with a lorry. adhesive application pressing, cutting, and planing

20mm engineered timber flooring

To maintain the wooden aspect of the interior, a timber mullion for the curtain wall was chosen.

However the external framing will be aluminium, due to weather and moisture considerations.

L-shape bracket wall to slab connection 150mm CLT wall panel 240mm mineral wool insulation DPM

strenght garding

Glulam lamellas are glued together with the same orientation while CLT are ones are sucked in panels which are further cross glued on top of each other.

102.5mm cream clay brick

DETAIL

Brick Panels

150x50mm timber mullion 50x50mm aluminium curtain wall frame 300x300mm glulam structural frame

Low-E triple glazing Spandrels frit glass panel 240mm mineral wool insulation + DPM

10 9

2

The technological artefact will use brick as a shading system. For the assembly of this double skin, a steel support frame that connects to the existing glazed wall while supporting each brick through L-shape brackets will be needed.

As the fragment is a cantilever, an extension of the cement fibre soffit will be necessary for the environmental modifier to rest on.

CONSTRUCTIBILITY

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TECHNOLOGICAL ARTEFACT

Glulam has a burn-off rate of 0.7mm/min and in case of fire its external surface chars, whilst maintaining its strength.

However, the external cavities and glazed wall-slab edge are provided with smoke barriers. In compliance with England’s Building Regulations, these provide a 15min fire resistance and 30min structural integrity.

150mm raised floor access + steel pedestals and temperature control core

5

1- fibre cement soffit 2- DPM 3- wool insulation 4- vapour barrier 5- CLT slab

The building will use U-bracket connections with lateral support plates with slot holes to prevent positive movement. For the beam to beam connection Concealed Plates with bearing seat, as the ones with a long row of fasteners cause splitting.

FIRE SPREAD PREVENTION Cavity Wall + Raised Floor Access

CLT Slabs, Wall Panels

4

150mm CLT slab

15mm fire stop cavity barrier

quarrying Clay -excavator forming and cutting firing - furnance machine

240mm mineral wool insulation + DPM coating

mixing mortar

only horizontal mortar bond

Crane

Required due to size and load of structural elements

Screw Drivers

along with hammers, drill machines and usual construction equipment

Scaffolding Required due to the 3000mm floor to floor height, and the 4 storeys.

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PROTOTYPING Iterative Testing I Climatic Performance Improvement METHODOLOGY To iterate different brick layering patterns were explored. To achieve the operable shading system presented in iteration 4, grasshopper was used to provide the parametric rotation of bricks. To further analyse their performance ladybug radiation analysis tool was used. The summer and winter solstice morning hours were set as a time frame, providing broad results of the annual functionality.

Solar Radiance Script

Iteration 1

RADIATION ANALYSIS

Iteration 2

RADIATION ANALYSIS

- During summer due to the mass of the bricks and the small openings not a lot of light is allowed in the space.

- During winter due to the sun lower position more light is allowed in the space however, an uneven reflection is caused due to this pattern.

summer solstice

winter solstice

7-11AM

7-11AM

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

winter solstice 7-11AM

summer solstice 7-11AM

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

This pattern creates a series of small openings that improve visibility towards the exterior. Increasing the light gain is important as the South side of the fragment’s glazing will be shaded by the other building block.

CONSTRUCTIBILITY

CONSTRUCTIBILITY

1. Vertical bars connection -require hollow bricks -extra steel adds to the carbon footprint -individual assembly

100

OUTPUT

900

100

900

The size of the device requires modular construction in 6 panels of 100x900mm

2. Mortar bond and anchor brackets connection -easier to recycle -cost effective -appropriate for modular construction

The DC electric motor that will assure the spinning of the steel rods will be placed in between levels and powered by solar energy. (voltage 12VDC) The use of this strategy implies the extension of the soffit in order to provide 300mm distance in between the panel and the glazing. The water collection pipe will be hidden in this space. To maximise functionality opening doors are added in the curtain wall system that will aid cleaning and maintenance.

This iterations follows the same construction methodology as the previous one. To create bigger openings it involves the use of two brick types a regular 215x102.5x60mm and a smaller one of 100x60x60mm. These components will involve prefabrication and a mortar bond assembly.

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2

RADIATION ANALYSIS

- During summer more light is allowed in, while the even shading is protecting the facade from overheating and glare - During winter the passive lighting strategy is improved but shading is still uneven. However, the solidity of the panel helps preventing over cooling.

The regular hit-and-miss brick pattern provides a interesting light and texture play both internally and externally. However external views are quite obstructed by the heavy double skin.

1

Iteration 3

215

100

frame connection channel brackets rod channel brackets

Iteration 4

RADIATION ANALYSIS

- During summer the operable system provides even shading, preventing from overheating, more light can be let in by changing the brick rotation orientation - During winter the orientation can be operated to provide better shading, however a better light ratio is allowed in.

- During summer the cream terracotta panel offers the possibility for bigger openings creating a better shade/light ration - During winter, provides greater amounts of light however, the manufacture and production cost make this a less feasible option.

summer solstice 7-11AM

winter solstice 7-11AM

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

The panel creates an interesting light pattern on the floor in summer, and also frames external views beautifully. However, the organic nature of the facade created does not resemble Tdodmorden’s built environment historic quality.

CONSTRUCTABILTY

To see if bigger openings would improve the light shadow ratio the iteration investigates the use of the Steel supports same material due to its thermal mass, but change the moulding. The prefabricated perforated panels that would further be mounted on steel supports for stiffness. However, both positive and negative moulds will be needed for the fabrication which will involve more materials, energy cost and time.

summer solstice 7-11AM

Bricks will be weather tested to achieve F2S2 rating in compliance with BSEN-1996-1-1 and BSEN-19962. For stability they will be anchored on the steel studs through screwed brackets, this will ensure hazard prevention in case of extreme lateral wind loads.

Moreover, in each gap between the bricks, the rotating studs will link through brackets with lateral bars that will further connect with the curtain wall frame through channel brackets. This will aid transferring vertical and lateral loads of the panel.

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTABILTY

As the soffit extends it might need some reinforcement to help transferring the vertical loads to the columns supporting the cantilever.

As the winter sun angle and the summer one significantly changes the radiation, the operable system will be implemented to moderate the internal environment as well as possible. The steel supports will mechanically rotate seasonally, resulting in the bricks rotation 100mm around their axis which will create different gaps through which passive lighting can be regulated.

The challenge will be the installation due to the heavy weight of the system which will be around 600kg.

electric power generator connected with solar panels on the roof generates the steel rods rotation steel rod

100 mm

120mm

320mm

CONCLUSION Regarding fire spread prevention on the facade, brick is known to be a non-combustible material. However, the steel studs will need an intumescent coating that will expand in case of fire creating a buffer the steel and the flame, preventing material bending, and retaining its structural integrity.

winter solstice 7-11AM

The operable system allows bricks to rotate on the steel pipe supports, creating bigger or smaller openings, depending on the sun angle and the activities that take place in the space, and the amount of light they require.

Prefabricated clay panels

REFLECTIONS ON BUILDING SAFETY Rod Bracket Brick Fixture

Script for the iteration 4 to achieve rotation of the bricks

As a result of the prototyping stage, the fourth iteration was chosen due to its operable quality that allows seasonal changes of the facade to provide a well controlled environment all year long. The solution was chosen also due to aesthetic reasons as it has to fit the historical context provided by the site. Thus, solution meets both the atelier aim as well as the technological one. Brick is used as more than a louvre system but as a wind and thermal barrier to due to its thermal mass. The use of steel for the supports will affect the carbon footprint, for this the strategy of providing recycled material will be considered. The panel prefabrication costs will hopefully be balanced by the passive nature of the building and its regulated environment.

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TECHNICAL DETAIL 11

Integrating the System I Design Conclusions

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3D detailed fragment axo

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DC electric motor driving flange

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SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY

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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000mm

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Glazing to ceiling joinery detail drawn at 1:5 scale, 1:20 on A2 page

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14- vapour barrier 15- 150mm CLT wall panel 16- 35mm diameter steel rods + brick anchor brackets 17- 320x120x100mm bricks spaced at 100mm 18- panel fixing bars + channel brackets 19- timber mullion 20- aluminium-framed curtain wall 21- triple glazed, high-solar-gain, low-E glass 22- 150mm raised floor access steel pedestals 23- floor cavity barrier 15mm spaced at 10m 24- 40mm cement fibre soffit 25. 75x95mm timber batter (thermal pod) 26- 300x300mm glulam cantilever supporting column 27- lateral support for U-bracket 28- U-bracket beam to column joint 29- hidden rain water drainage pipe

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1

16 8

1- raised floor thermal control core (underfloor heating+MVHR) 2- 20mm engineered timber flooring 3- 150mm CLT slab 4- L-shape fixing bracket 5- curtain wall fire stop cavity barrier brackets 6- glulam structure - columns / beams (300x300mm) 7- 60mm cavity barrier structural insulation 8- 10mm spandrels panel 9- DC electric motor cased in concrete 10- 215x102.5x65mm cream clay brick + concave mortar bond 11- 50mm cavity + brick anchor steel brackets 12- DPM (damp proof membrane) 13- 240mm mineral wool insulation

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2

7

16 bearing pulley belt

CLIMATE PERFORMANCE

The thermal mass of the panel acts as a thermal buffer, constituting wind protection and the ability to absorb heat during the day and release it later in the evening, supporting the passive heating strategy.

spindle shaft centrifugal spining fixing bracket

Glazing to floor joinery detail drawn at 1:5 scale, 1:20 on A2 page 24

12 7

4 14 26

22 2

1

23

3

0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000mm

hollow brick reduces mass

shading panel allows light in while preventing glare cross ventilation in summer minimises energy consumption in winter the thick insulation and triple glazing allow the building to turn passive house, ventilation being provided by MVHR system and building being underfloor heating protected from heat loss. for thermal comfort

maximising winter light

maximising summer light

multidirectional light

directional light

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

• • • •

• Heavy structure • Material prefabrication cost • Operating system manufacture cost

Thermal mass - climate buffer Durability/Longevity Minimising work on site Fits within Todmorden’s surrounding historic context • Operable • Provides privacy • Minimal maintenance of material

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TECHNOLOGIES CASE STUDY “It is an art museum that, through impressive craft qualities, familiar materials, beautiful junctures and a well-functioning floor plan, fits harmoniously and unobtrusively into the historical context of the city. This integration is emphasized as an important point of reference for the design. The building is not meant to establish a strong contrast through modernity, but instead to fit harmoniously and self-evidently into a townscape that has developed over centuries.”

Ravensburg museum of art by LRO 2013

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CASE STUDY RAVENSBURG MUSEUM OF ART BY LRO ARCHITECTS -

•' •'

I. Detailed Assembly - Structure & Construction

Laying the load-bearing 0 Installing the steel scaffolding e brick e vault shell and the timber formwork

. Ill. Perspective Section Roof & Wall Envelope Study+ Design Methodologies

Adding the reinforced concrete: and the vapour barrier layers �

4mm Stainless-steel ties in mortar joints

10mm Cavity

300mm Thermal insulation

240mm Mineral Wool Insulation

Vapour barrier 200mm Reinforced concrete

(load distribution layer)

250mm Reinforced concrete wall

embedded steel I beam

Gypsum plaster, smoothed with emulsion paint

' '

-·I

.

B-B C-C (sectioned)

•' •'

I

regular conical form

,... .......

,£.

Ceiling duct hangers, steel ceiling grid

The thick structural walls required for passivehouse guide the design decision for a vaulted roof

II. Environmental Analysis

'

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.

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_____ fl) second fioor plan drawn at 1:50 scowing section cuts and roofstructure

isometric showing detail placement on volume

tied together

components)

- Having fixed these materials further calculations followed to test needed thickness of insulation for achieving passive house Uvalue (0.10-0.15 W/m2K)

lateral loads

Thermal conductivity concrete = 2.25 W/mK

- For a structure to not require coloumns and keep the open floor spae needed foor

pannels (375mm loadbearing wall

•' •'

Thermal conductivity brick = 0.5 W/mK Thermal conductivity mineral wool insulation= 0.03 W/mK

reused)

minimal 300mm thickness=> 250mm prefabricated reinforced concrete wall

-

create a composite structure transferring

water drainage

- 115mm brick thickness - design choice (could not be changed as material was

a gallery the loadbearing walls needed a

wind and rain loads --+ 1

1

For 100 mm insulation

For 150 mm insulation

For 240mm insulation

R1= 0.115/0.5 = 0.23 m2K/W

R1= 0.115/0.5 = 0.23 m2K/W

R1= 0.115/0.5 = 0.23 m2K/W R2= 0.24/0.03 = 8 m2K/W R3= 0.25/2.25 = 0.1 m2K/W Rso= 0.06 m2K/W Rsi= 0.12 m2K/W Uvalue wall = 1/8.51 = 0,117 W/m2K

R2= 0.1/0.03 = 3,33 m2K/W R3= 0.25/2.25 = 0.1 m2K/W Rso= 0.06 m2K/W Rsi= 0.12 m2K/W Uvalue wall = 1/3.84 = 0,26W/m2K

R2= 0.15/0.03 = 5 m2K/W R3 = 0.25/2.25 = 0.1 m2K/W Rso= 0.06 m2 K/W Rsi= 0.12 m2K/W Uvalue wall = 1/5.51 = 1,18W/m2K

•

Menerga gas absorbtion heat pump

40KW with a bore exchanger 15KW and buffer storage. located in the

basement (car park garage)

heat recovery ventilation scheme showing fresh aircoming in and exhaust air

RIC core

11

.

regulated

entilation

(building's

I)--

't-

tJ '-El

light)

.•

.

.

supply

for toilets)

heat outflow, hot air is released cold air flows

� Brine geothermal heat exchanger for preheating

fresh air to about 5-7°C

HEATING DEMAND

heat inflow, cold air

__-/

is released

/

/

/

''

/

'

/

/

/

Analysing cold bridging in the wall structure

Insulation

/

/

/

/

,, , /

, /

/

, / //

,

/

/

/

/ / /

/

,

/

/

/ /

,

/

/

/ / //

/

/

,

/

/

/

/

/

/

,

,

,

/

/

/

,

0

•'' •' Stainless-steel

.

• • ' ' '

.

•

•'' •'

.

brick anchor bracket from Modersohn - improves cavity ventilation

Materials and estimated amount of embodied

energy they added to the

entire structure

" ,,,

10

/ ,/ , / /

,

0

�'

0 10

20

30

17 14 11 8 5 2 -1 -4 -7 -10

,/

/

,,

and a relative humidity of 50% +I- 5%.

,.,

:I

' I concrete

copper

2,651,000 MJ

66,303 MJ

51%

Geothermal brine system collects heat from the ground and releases in the under-floor heating pipes

.

V. Passivehouse & RIBA Sustainable Outcomes affordable energy fhe fragment is a fully sealed, self-sufcicient structure in functioning. With th

mechanical heating and ventilation systems with moisture and heat recovery an With any possible cold bridges sealed in purposefully used insulation it achieves ne 0 operational energy. The reuse of local brick on the facade and vaults minimise embodied energy of material fabrication and transport. However for the concret core the strategy was more guided by module B of calculating embodied energy, th use. As concrete features high-energy production processes, in this fragment it' density explains its presence, acting as a heat collector through the warm periods and a heat releaser in the cold ones aiding the passive insulation strategy.

• • ' ' '

economic growth

s ustainable c1t1es and commun1t1es

• • •

I' I,;

5%

Windows are coverd with fabric curtains to minimise heat loss

.

• •

,,

40

•• • • recycled brick

Due to thermal stratification the air heated within the vaulted roof gathers in the space underneeth.

.

Thermal conductivity = 0.032 W/m2K u.,11 = 0.117 W/m2K

232, 150 MJ (1,110,000 MJ saved)

Concrete core releases heat collected during the day inside the rooms

.

Filament Lamps

1%

• •' •'

.

'

timber formwork

mineral wool insulation

190,000 MJ

196,000 MJ

4%

pass1vehouse

'i ,, •

1,-

4%

steel

16%

728,800 MJ

n

•' •' •'

Due to the thick Light energy 10J � insulation layer it was possible t o install the ducts for the ventilation Heat energy 90J � system outside the ' reinforced concrete, in the insulation, without r::,----,,,.--,--,----------,' ' Energy Saving Lamps creating cold bridges.

Furtherm ore, the ventilation unit with heat Light energy 7 exchanger is on the roof. ' ' Heating and ventilation are key elements of Heat energy 25J � any museum building as the requirement of indoor environment for preserving art works is ' Li kely to be the ch osen solution as it a constant ' helps maintaining constant temperature temperature not ' fluctuating more than ' in between 20"-24°C,

Ventilation duct

0

"'" 20 :!1 ,,, 0

0

Artificial Lighting

Continous insulation layer protects from building cooling

.

• •

u

u 30

0

/

// // /"

RIC

40

Brick facade

/

/

0

Passivehouse insulating strategy and the double skin facade enable ventilation ducting

.·

50

, / / / / / ' ,, / /, / / / / /, /

/

(museum use just COOLING DEMAND

,

' '. ' '

electric boiler for domestic ' hot water

triple glazed

i"LJi

I-

large unit with heat

and moisture recovery (assures

copper frame

program doesn not permit more

Wall Structure - Wind Anchors RIC

f\..

insulation

the help of

IF

the cavity

------,,---,.-- "i

windows

removed with

• '

temperatures)

with CO 2 being

sensors

.J(

•' •' •'

•'' •' •'

i IV. Energy Analysis

pumps. The building used the

runs through the insulation and exhaust air is removed through roof vents

Night Time

•'' •' •'

Heating? - the air heated within the structure with � a curved roof gathers in the space under the roof, � creating a more comfortable micro-climate on the •� floor level.

wind brackets for ventilating

. Mechanical ventilation system

•'' •' •'

Temperature control core in floor

Water collection: Perpendicular to the vaults � intersection are placed rain gutters through � Inner and which the drainage happens. outer walls

passivehouse insulating strategy minimises cold bridges while allowing ventilation through systems that ensure heat and moisture recovery through integrated heat

•'

1

•'

guided by roof shape

obercharged with CO2 and the gallery space overheats, CO2 , detectors signal the ventilation � system

.

Cooling: Vaulted roofs are usually used in the • Why Brick and Concrete Cavity Structure? warm climates for passive cooling. However, � European summers can get quite warm, so � the main purpose might be for maintaining � constant temperature and prevent overheating. '

' '

. however when the air is

•

0 1 234 5m

Conic vaulted roof environmental purpose

1

.

•

.

as it transforms all the vertical loads into lateral ones that are supported first by the steel beams

• •

brine system � Geothermal collects heat from the room ' and releases it back in the ground.

• • •

and then conducted through the walls. running down the walls.

Concrete wall warms up, and • insulation protects from overheating ' ' Sunlight warmth is captured by the pinnacle of the vaulted roof from where it is spread , over the surface slowing down • the heating process and ' , supporting cooling strategy. ' ' Visitors are a source of heat,

'

400mm Reinforced concrete floor

•' •

.....

•

Acoustic ceiling tile

4mm stainless-steel ties in mortar joints

To allow the open space interior of a � museum,the building does not use a � frame structure, relying purely on the � robust load bearing walls. ' ' ' '

l

151160mm Hardwood skirting, painted

115mm Curved demolition-brick layer to 1.50-5.50m radius with

.

Day Time

In summer to protect from overheating the sun hits and warms the cantelivered gallery , wall ' ' In winter considering the lower sun position the strategically placed windows on the lower level aid the passive solar heat gain and � maximise natural light while •' the heat from the room is • reflected back inside by the ' ■ triple glazed windows.

•

Painted steel section with

integral electric track

-The small , elongated bricks of the facade and interior vaults were sourced from a demolished 14th-century cloister near the Belgian border, and even if this did not result in cost savings, energy • was saved by eliminating the firing process needed for new material. � -The reused bricks were mounted in iregular courses with roughly applied grey mortar joints on the � facade to give a sense of familiarity to the building making it resamble the surrounding structures. � -The roof vaults required a timber form work as it represents the first construction layer further to be covered by the load-bearing reinforced concrete layer that gives it streght in compression.

,I,

115mm Demolition-brick facing skin

Two-layer bituminous roof seal

• C, copper Installing the flashing •

■

parapet (6% falls)

Shale covering

•'' •' •'

300mm thermal insulation with the wall's insulating layer and adding 2-ply bituminous membrane

•' 0. 7mm Sheet-copper covering to

Thermal conductivity = 0.040 W/m2K Urn,,= 0.127 W/m2K

•'' •' •'' •' •'

Q Connecting the

,' V. Resolution and Evaluation

Minimising the operational energy in a building with such a program is a significant cost saving solution. Museums and galleries consume high amounts of energy for their continous functioning and to meet the preservation of artworks standards for temperature and humidity. The simple and affordable materials (brick, mineral wool insulation, and concrete) even if not creating complex technological systems, form a self-sufficient, self-generating building that focusses on increasing economic growth through its purpose while not requiring high energy costs for its functioning.

The modest aspect of the fragment not only resambles the surroundings, but it is also constructed using traditional, organic building techniques such as hand layering brick on wooden form work for the vaults, roughly applied mortar joints on the facade, understanding material for its thermal quality. These strategies are an appreciation testim ony to heritage and community. Moreover the implementation of new sustainable solutions in a simple structure emphasises the resilience of the project.

Passive house does not support natural human behaviour, relying only on mechanical systems for ventilation and heating and offering little natural light in order to prevent cold bridging through glazed areas. However, in this case the program guided the structure, as a museum needs large wall areas and artificial lighting to emphasise and not damage the artworks. Moreover, the entiee focus of the fragment (top floor, part of the main gallery) is of accommodating art works not humans, them only spending a few hours visiting it. So the need was on creating a preservation area which the passive house strategy enabled. Sealing the building maintains the constant tern eratures and humidit rates savin ener and costs.

•' •'

21

ART GALLERY AND COMMUNITY ATELIER re-purposing the waste in River Irwell Set in the vicinity of Salford University Campus, the proposal for Peel Park community gallery aims to reduce river Irwell pollution by engaging the community in recycling and art workshops using the gathered waste as main resource.

To integrate the design within the site, the playful structure mirrors a walk in the park, while leaving both routes accessible for public use or external exhibitions.

The recycled corten steel external design of the gallery is an embodiment of the building’s purpose as well as a memento to the state of the river from the Industrial Revolution up until now. With little natural light provision, the exhibition space intends to intimidate visitors, simulating life inside the river while being surrounded by waste. However, the adjacent atelier and recreation spaces are warm and inviting, encouraging the community work for a better environment.

22

DEVELOPMENT

materiality

F

E

D

C

B

A

flooding

orienting the views

4m 20m 2m 0m

5m 1m

3m

cafe reception kitchen kids play area toilets office recycling area/workshops terraces history of industrialization exhibition sculpture exhibition painting exhibition exit collaborative exhibition 1- geo - thermal heat pump (cold season) and cooling (warm season) 2- rain water collection and reuse for toilets 3- natural ventilation and mechanical heat recovery ventilation system 4- south facing photovoltaic panels (maximum solar exposure) 5- glulam structure 6- suspended structure with minimal effects on flood protective topography 7- ceiling sky lights for natural lighting in the gallery spaces

23

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

F

E

D

C

B

A

The building is not a centralised organism: its centre moves from one area to another, being everywhere. It is designed as a sequence of rooms linked to a public walkway, where the different functions of the building come together.

The polygon modular plan offers: -wall space for exhibits -multiple angles for the views -circular interiors that - pockets of activity The playful circulation is suggested in the section: -maximises dynamics through level change -sets a hierarchy for the spaces -allows “bringing the inside in” trough the passage terraces

4m 2m 0m

5m 1m

1

2

3

4

4.50m

4.50m

5

6

4.50m

4.50m

7

4.50m

4.50m

3m

8

9

5.20m

10

2.20m

2.20m

11

2.20m

13

12

2.40m

2.40m

14

15

2.20m

2.20m

16

2.20m

26

25

3.00m

2.20m

27

28

18

19

4.50m

2.50m

4.00m

4.50m

20

21

4.50m

4.50m

22

4.50m

24

23

4.50m

4.50m

29

4.50m

30

4.50m

5.75m

3.00m

5.75m

3.00m

3.00m

5.75m

3.50m

2.75m

2.75m

2.75

4m 20m

10m

2m 0m

5m 1m

15m

3m

F

E

DN

D

DN

C

B

A

1

2

1

0

5

3

2

3

4

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

25

26

27

28

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

29

30

20

10

30

24

THE ANNOUNCEMENT

ROOF TERRACE VIEW

LOWER PATH PASSAGE

CAFE

HISTORIC EXHIBITION

25

OBSERVATORY CONCEPT The Facade’s Allure

26

MOUNTAIN CABIN CONCEPT Design for disassembly

27

ON SITE WORK volunteering for “the ambulance for monuments” - restoring the 13th century Fortified Evangelical Church Ensemble at Dealul Frumos, Sibiu county, Romania Planning Stage - restoring the roof truss, analysing the condition of the existing timber beams, and the addition of new parts to the degradated ones

Initial Stage - structural integrity of the roof - detached portion of the load-bearing wall

Planning Stage - temporary timber reinforcement for the wall

The result ...

In order to maintain as much as possible of the well-performing existing structure we only replaced the rotten wood, interlocking the old and the new for maximising strength and durability.

Construction Stage - roof stripping

Construction Stage - wood sawing for interlocking with existing rafter

The broken existing roof terracotta tiles were replaced with new hand crafted ones, that maintain the same traditional Saxon shape and material.

Construction Stage - tile layering

Construction Stage - tile making

28

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME AND ATTENTION 29

mariaalexandracardan@gmail.com (+44) 07586302116 www.linkedin.com/in/maria-alexandra-cardan-9960192a2 https://issuu.com/mariacardan/docs/maria_alexandra_cardan_ba_architecture_portfolio

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