Business & Economy in Qatar: Winter 2023/24

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88

DECEMBER 2023

Business & Economy in Qatar

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The Ministry of Justice will be introducing artificial intelligence (AI) across its judicial and legal systems, with new committees and strategies.

Banking and Finance • Useful Numbers: Banks and Exchange Houses • The Banking Network in Qatar • Currency • The Banking Sector • Qatar Central Bank • Qatar Credit Bureau • Loans, Bank Charges and Interest Rates • Accounts • Financial Services and Insurance • Islamic Finance

Economy • Economic Growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) • Trade Surplus • The Budget • Inflation and Cost of Living • Population and the Labour Force

Commerce Useful Numbers Investment and Trade • Incentives • Investment Regulations • Choosing a Business Structure • Company Structures • Commercial Registration • Export and Import • Taxation • Intellectual Property • Regulatory Bodies and Government‑owned Entities • Qatar Financial Centre • Qatar Exchange • Real Estate • Developers and Real Estate Agents Selling Property • Business Etiquette

The Hydrocarbon Industry • Qatar’s Energy Companies • International Companies

Infrastructure in Qatar An overview of local infrastructure, ongoing megaprojects and new developments.

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Business and Economy

Feature – Harnessing AI in Qatar’s Legal Systems

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Marhaba takes a look back at the year that Qatar began and ended on a high, welcoming visitors from around the world at two world-class events. The State of Qatar was a key player internationally, brought new sports tournaments to the country, set more world records, and much more.

By Sarah Palmer

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS US President Biden thanks HH The Amir for his role in detainee exchange agreement with Iran

Karim Jaafar/AFP via Getty Images

In September, five citizens of the US who were detained by the Islamic Republic of Iran were released in exchange for the release of several Iranians held by the US, as part of an agreement between the two countries mediated by the State of Qatar. News agency Reuters highlighted Biden’s thanks in a call to HH the Amir for his assistance in facilitating the agreement, which was reached after months of negotiations in Qatar and has the potential to remove a major source of tension between the two countries. President Ebrahim Raisi of Iran said that the release of five American detainees was ‘purely a humanitarian action’ as they left Iran for Doha International Airport under a Qatar-mediated deal that involved the release of USD6 bn Iranian funds in South Korea.

Qatar sends aid to Sudan, Libya and Morocco Since the onset of conflict in Sudan in April, the Qatar military has flown in food and medical supplies and assisted with the evacuation of civilians.

Qatar Charity (QC) additionally launched the first relief intervention to support hospitals in Khartoum, and a food aid convoy in Port Sudan. QC continues to support water, sanitation and food projects for the affected.

In September, Sudan’s army chief Abdel Fattah Al Burhan met HH the Amir in Doha. HH the Amir’s statement reiterated his call for broad peace negotiations between all of Sudan’s political forces and a lasting end to the fighting. Qatar has previously held peace talks between warring parties in the country’s Darfur region, as well as between Sudan and South Sudan.

North Africa suffered two disasters in just three days of September 2023, with a devastating earthquake in Morocco followed by catastrophic flooding in Libya, leaving thousands dead and many more missing. HH the Amir directed immediate aid to areas affected by the flooding in Libya. The directive followed a meeting between HH the Amir and Libya’s Interim Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah held in Doha, with both nations pledging their commitment to Libyan unity, stability and respect for its sovereignty, and highlighting the role that regional countries like Qatar could have in stabilising the ongoing situation in Libya. At the same time, Qatar reaffirmed its support for Morocco and to provide assistance to the affected areas. King Mohammed VI of Morocco expressed his appreciation to the Qatari International Search and Rescue Group on behalf of both himself and the Moroccan people, for its efforts in search and rescue operations following the earthquake. Qatar TV was praised for its comprehensive and exclusive coverage of the earthquake and flood-hit areas, working with the Qatari International Search and Rescue Group, Moroccan journalists, local residents, and Qatar Red Crescent.

HH The Amir at the United Nations HH The Amir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani took part in the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly, held in New York in September, with a speech at the opening session addressing the constants of Qatari policies and principles. HH the Amir stressed the need to unify efforts to prevent the misuse of cyberspace and regulate it on the basis of international law, highlighted Arab and international issues such as Palestine and Sudan, with a reaffirmation of ‘the importance of resolving disputes with peaceful means’. He said that the war in Europe is affecting the whole world in vital areas such as energy and food, and called on all parties to comply with the Charter of the United Nations and international law for a peaceful solution, adding that Qatar’s investments in liquefied natural gas have enabled the country to play an important role in addressing the global energy crisis. Qatar continues to develop its sovereign fund and diversify sources of its income, pursues environmentally friendly policies and aims to provide humanitarian aid.

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DOMESTIC NEWS 10th Anniversary of The Amir, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani On 25 June 2023, The Amir, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani celebrated 10 years since assuming the reins of power. The decade has been full of achievements – from resolving international issues like the Gulf crisis and the blockade of Qatar in 2017 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, to the Shura Council elections in October 2021 and the successful hosting of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™. A number of new laws have been passed to protect workers’ rights, as well as cybercrime legislation and a Public Private Partnerships law to welcome foreign investment. To mark the occasion, Qatar Postal Services Company (QPost) issued six postal stamps, which included 300 pure gold stamps, 1,000 24-karat gold stamps, and 5,000 sets.

Expo 2023 Doha The Amir, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani attended the opening ceremony of International Horticultural Expo 2023 Doha in October. Held under the theme ‘Green Desert, Better Environment’, the ceremony at Al Bidda Park was in the presence of HH Personal Representative of HH The Amir Sheikh Jassim bin Hamad Al Thani, a number of foreign dignitaries, and both Secretary General of the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), Dimitri Kerkentzes, and President of the International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH), Leonardo Capitano, entities involved with the organisation of the Expo.

Prior to the Expo’s opening, the Public Works Authority (Ashghal) achieved its sixth Guinness World Record for the Expo main building, with the ‘Largest Green Roof’ in the world across 4,031 sq m. A Guinness World Record was also awarded to the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology for its ‘Smart Qatar’ TASMU Pavilion for the ‘Tallest Freestanding 3D-Printed Concrete Structure’ – the pavilion measures 13 x 13 metres, has 10 levels with 7 bricks in each row, and is constructed from 75 individually 3D printed pieces.

The Fifth UN Conference on the Least Developed Countries (LDC5): From Potential To Prosperity The first part was held at the UN Headquarters in New York in March 2022, with the second part taking place in Doha in March 2023. In the inaugural address, The Amir, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani said the conference was convening its fifth session amid the grave challenges presently facing the world as a result of new international conflicts, global food security crisis, climate change phenomenon, and lingering impacts of COVID-19 pandemic.

HH the Amir said, ‘Based on the State of Qatar’s firm commitment to supporting the development process of the least developed countries, I announce a financial contribution of a total amount of USD60 mn, of which USD10 mn will be allocated for supporting the implementation of the Doha Program of Action activities for the least developed countries, and USD50 mn will be allocated for supporting the intended outcomes of the Doha Program of Action and building resilience potential in the least developed countries.

HEALTHCARE

At the start of the year, five hospitals in Qatar were ranked among the world’s top 250 academic medical centres, the highest number of hospitals from the region on the global ranking. On the list by UK-based consultancy Brand Finance are Rumailah Hospital, Hamad General Hospital, the National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Heart Hospital, and Sidra Medicine. New health centres continue to open around the country, while the latest facility Aisha Bint Hamad Al Attiyah Hospital (left) became fully operational to the community of Al Khor.

In February, the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) announced visitors must be covered by the Health Insurance Scheme when entering the country. The insurance plan for tourists only covers emergency and accident services and costs QAR50 a month, both at the time of first issue and when the visa is extended. Travellers with international health insurance must have a policy that covers Qatar, is valid while they are in the country, and issued by one of the insurance providers recognised by Qatar.

In June, the Executive Board of the World Health Organization (WHO) elected the State of Qatar as President of the Board at its 153rd session for one year. HE Dr Hanan Mohamed Al Kuwari, Minister of Public Health, was elected to membership in the Executive Board of the World Health Organization as a representative of the Eastern Mediterranean Region for three years.

EDUCATION

The strategic plan of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education (MoEHE) for the academic year 2023-24 will ensure quality education to all from early education to higher studies, that aligns with international standards leading to constant ongoing education. With the beginning of the new academic year, the MoEHE has made efforts to develop policies related to the physical, psychological and social wellbeing of students, and the empowerment of students with disabilities. ©

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TRAVEL, TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY

Qatar Airways announced in October that Qatar Airways Group Chief Executive and Chairman of Qatar Tourism HE Akbar Al Baker would be stepping down after 27 years at the helm, with Badr Al Meer appointed as his successor.

During HE Al Baker’s tenure, the airline grew to more than 240 aircraft, 43,000 employees, and 160 destinations worldwide. HE Al Baker was presented the Lifetime Achievement Award in September at the APEXIFSA Awards 2024, the industry’s premium event of the year.

Al Badr joins after 10 years as COO of Hamad International Airport, overseeing a USD2.7 bn expansion project and ensuring the airport was ready to receive visitors for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™.

At the Paris Air Show in June, Qatar Airways presented three of its aircraft, including the unveiling of Qatar Executive’s Livery of the Gulfstream G700. During the air show, Qatar Airways won the ‘World’s Best Business Class’ for the 10th time at the 2023 World Airline Awards, managed by the international air transport rating organisation Skytrax. The airline was also awarded ‘Best Airline in the Middle East’, ‘World’s Best Business Class Lounge’ and ‘World’s Best Business Class Lounge Dining’. Qatar Airways is now an unprecedented seven-time winner of the ‘World’s Best Airline’ voted

by Skytrax. Hamad International Airport was ranked as the second-best airport in the world, received the ‘Best Airport in the Middle East’ accolade for the ninth time in a row, and ‘World’s Best Airport Shopping’.

Under Amiri Resolution No 85 of 2023 The Amir, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani appointed HE Saad bin Ali Al Kharji as the new chairman of Qatar Tourism (QT). HE Al Kharji was named Deputy Chairperson of QT just months before in July and has held a number of government positions.

The inaugural Qatar Tourism Awards 2023 were held in November, a new initiative recognising the best in the industry. The awards were developed in partnership with the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), with three principal categories: Service Excellence, Cultural Experiences and Smart Solutions, which together highlight different aspects of the visitor experience; there was also a surprise category, the Community Contribution Award. Winners across the categories included Radisson Blu Hotel Doha, Raffles Doha, Hilton Salwa Beach Resort and Villas, Embrace Doha, and Mowasalat Karwa.

There were many new openings during the year, building on Qatar’s strong commitment to bring diverse choices and budget options to all. These included the Waldorf Astoria Doha West Bay, Four Seasons Resort and Residences at The Pearl-Qatar, Mexican restaurant Tulum at Marriott Marquis City Center Doha Hotel, and vegan/gluten-free/organic hotspot Wild & The Moon Doha at Printemps Doha.

BUSINESS

Higher energy prices will help Qatar achieve a budget surplus more than previously predicted, as Qatari crude averaged USD80 per barrel between January and July versus the budgeted USD65 per barrel for the fiscal year. HE the Minister of Finance Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari has stated that any surplus would be directed towards paying off Qatar’s public debt, supporting the reserves of Qatar Central Bank, and increasing the capital of Qatar Investment Authority.

QatarEnergy announced in September that subsidiary company Qatargas had been renamed QatarEnergy LNG. Speaking about the name change, HE the Minister of State for Energy Affairs Saad bin Sherida Al Kaabi, who is also the President and CEO of QatarEnergy, stated that this was another historic part of Qatar’s evolution of its energy industry, particularly through the flagship LNG sector, with a stronger link to the QatarEnergy brand.

Two long-term LNG sale and purchase agreements were signed between QatarEnergy and Shell to supply up to 3.5 mn tons per annum of LNG from Qatar to the Netherlands. Meanwhile QatarEnergy LNG delivered the 1,000th shipment to the UK’s South Hook LNG Terminal in November. The landmark delivery was made by Q-Max LNG vessel Mozah, which delivered the 10,000th LNG cargo from Ras Laffan Port in 2006.

Qatari firms continue to feature well in Forbes’ Middle East listings, with 16 companies on the Top 100 Listed Companies 2023 and 10 on the Middle East Sustainable 100 list. And Qatar also ranked highly among the best workplaces for women in 2023 by Great Place to Work, with the likes of SHIFT Group, McDonald’s Qatar, Lesha Bank and Aspire Academy on The Best Workplaces in the Middle East™ 2023.

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SPORT AND LEISURE The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™

A total of 3,010,679 tickets sold, over 1.2 mn visiting fans, 1.5 bn worldwide viewers for the final, and 1 of the best editions of the competition so far!

The tournament brought the spotlight on hosting global sports events in the Middle East in spectacular fashion.

This was the most sustainable edition yet, and one of the most inclusive for fans with special needs.

There were landmarks and milestones galore. This was the highest-scoring edition in history – 172 goals in total. There was Qatar’s first goal at a World Cup and Saudi Arabia beating eventual winners Argentina in the round of group matches. Morocco became the first African side to reach the semi-finals, while Lionel Messi and Kylian Mbappe both headed into the final match tied for the adidas Golden Boot. Penalties were scored on both sides, before Argentina finally prevailed over France to win their first World Cup since 1986.

The FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ may have come to a conclusion, but work continues on developing infrastructure around the stadiums, with new parks and recreation areas opening to the public. Its legacy will last for many more years to come.

Attention now turns to the AFC Asian Cup Qatar 2023™ in January 2024 with reigning champions Qatar hosting -– see our feature for more details.

Formula 1 Qatar Airways Qatar Grand Prix 2023 High speed racing came to Qatar in October, the first Formula 1 race in a 10-year deal with the FIA, taking place on a redesigned track at Lusail International Circuit under the floodlights.

On a hot and humid weekend, the 2023 Formula 1 title was clinched by Max Verstappen (Red Bull), his third in succession. Drama unfolded in the first lap of the race, with seven-time champion Lewis Hamilton clashing with Mercedes teammate George Russell and having to retire, while Ferrari’s Carlos Sainz didn’t even get to start due to technical issues.

Next year the race will be in November/December – tickets will be on sale in early 2024.

Other notable sporting achievements in 2023 • Indian ultrarunner Sufiya Sufi Khan, a three-time Guinness World Record holder, achieved another record in January, for the fastest crossing of Qatar on foot (female), in 1 day 6 hours and 31 minutes.

This record was then broken in April by Michelle Butiu from The Philippines, in 1 day 6 hours 23 min 42 sec. The fastest crossing of Qatar on foot (male) was set in February by Indian Shakeer Cheerayi in 1 day 6 hours 56.50 secs.

• In July, Mutaz Barshim jumped 2.36m to win the Skolimowska Memorial in Silesia Diamond League meeting in Poland. This was a world leading high jump and a meeting record, also held by the Qatari when he leapt 2.35m in 2016.

• Also in July, Qatar’s track and field stars won two gold, one silver and one bronze medal at the 25th Asian Championships in Bangkok, Thailand.

Meanwhile, at the 2023 Arab Sports Games in Algeria, Qatar’s athletes won nine gold, two silver and 11 bronze medals.

• Qatar were impressive at the 19th Asian Games held in Hangzhou, China in September/October, with 14 medals – five gold, six silver and three bronze. High jumper Mutaz Barshim won the gold medal, the first professional athlete to achieve this distinction in three editions of the Asian Games.

• Dahlan Jumaan Al Hamad won his third term as the Asian Athletics Association President, and Qatar Olympic Committee (QOC) Second Vice President, Dr Thani bin Abdulrahman Al Kuwari, was re-elected as the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) Vice President for West Asia.

• In October, Nasser Saleh Al Attiyah won the FIA World Rally-Raid Championship (W2RC) for the second successive time alongside French co-driver Mathieu Baumel. m ©

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FEATURE

Harnessing AI in Qatar's Legal Systems

By Sarah Palmer

In

a keynote speech during the opening of the Law and Artificial Intelligence Conference at Lusail University in September, the Minister of Justice said that the State of Qatar is working to introduce artificial intelligence (AI) in its judicial and legal systems.

The conference was organised by the university's College of Law, and coincided with World Law Day, 13 September.

HE Masoud bin Mohammed Al Ameri, Minister of Justice, said that the first step taken is the establishment of the Artificial Intelligence Committee at the Ministry of Transport and Communications, further to Cabinet Decision No 10 of 2021.

The AI Committee is responsible for developing and implementing the Qatar National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, which was first introduced in 2019. HE the Minister of justice commented that the mechanisms to implement the Qatar Artificial Intelligence Strategy is in coordination with ministries and relevant authorities, and includes supervising programmes and initiatives, developing recommendations for plans and programmes for preparing human cadres, and supporting emerging companies in this field.

Qatar National Artificial Intelligence Strategy The Qatar National AI Strategy is based on six pillars – education, data access, employment, business, research, and ethics – that will help guide Qatar towards an AI future.

The Artificial Intelligence Committee The committee members were appointed by HE the Minister of Communications and Information Technology under Decision No 10 of 2022, with Hassan Jassim Al Sayed as chairman.

The committee includes representatives from the following entities: • Ministry of Interior • Ministry of Commerce and Industry • Ministry of Education and Higher Education • Qatar Science and Technology Park • Hamad Bin Khalifa University • Qatar University • Qatar National Research Fund • Qatar Development Bank.

According to the Minister, the State of Qatar has participated in many international events on the use of AI systems, most recently at the International Judicial Conference held in Riyadh in March 2023, which discussed the use of AI tools to enhance the quality of drafting legislation, improving justice, and court management.

This in turn has affected the future of judicial technologies, with this latest conference at Lusail University being a platform to discuss arguably one of the most important and fastest-growing topics of the current age, and its associated impact on life, rights and freedom.

AI has made great progress over the last few years, being used in areas such as medical diagnosis, military logistics services, self-driving vehicles and drones, and applications that predict the outcome of judicial decisions. There are more popular uses for the general public, like search engines, targeted advertising via social media, virtual assistants (eg Siri and Alexa), translation of languages, and facial recognition on a smartphone. Who hasn't used ChatGPT recently?

And AI has been already been used in a trial setting within the judicial process. In May 2023, the Public Prosecution announced AI technology will be used to convert words into text, which will be used in the investigation sessions, and writing the minutes and memorandums to end the legal procedures. This should speed up the judicial process and improve the accuracy and quality of information.

Violating the right to privacy is one of the problems of artificial intelligence systems However, there are risks that could affect human life from using artificial intelligence systems. The Minister said 'Despite the many benefits of these systems, their use is fraught with many risks that can directly affect human life, rights and freedoms,' and that 'some research and scientific institutions have recommended that artificial intelligence and robotic systems be proven error-free, as they are unsafe and their use should be limited.'

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He continued by pointing out the most important problems raised by the use of artificial intelligence systems, including 'algorithmic bias and lack of neutrality,' as the systems collect data, analyse it and learn from it. If the data is biased ie not neutral, outputs will be biased; if the data is fair, it covers all patterns.

This algorithmic bias may occur in credit ratings, job screening and employment, public housing applications, and other subjects that require impartiality in their processing.

There are also possible security risks: 'The danger of artificial intelligence systems lies in that they may be used for illegal and illegitimate purposes, such as advanced digital warfare and smart weapons, which may threaten international peace and security.'

Do artificial intelligence systems violate intellectual property rights?

Protection of intellectual property (IP) rights are one of the issues raised by artificial intelligence systems. Collecting, using, and sharing personal data with artificial intelligence systems without explicit permission or consent may be incompatible with the established protection for this data, leading to a serious violation of the law.

Using artificial intelligence systems also lack transparency, as the majority of modern artificial intelligence applications cannot explain how they reached a decision. This suggests that the large relationship between inputs and outputs in AI systems and the inherent complexity makes it difficult even for experts to explain how outputs are produced. Those that are harmed by the algorithm’s decision are unable to obtain an explanation, challenge it or complain about it, as the reasons on which it was based do not exist.

In the panel discussion 'Artificial Intelligence in Real Life' at the Qatar Economic Forum held in May 2023, HE President of the Civil Service and Government Development Bureau Abdulaziz bin Nasser Al Khalifa said that Qatar follows European guidelines in utilising AI, integrating it in many applications and regulating laws, as well as solidifying smart e-governance.

The session's keynote speakers stated that while it is important to be wary while using this technology, as the AI or machine does not have the ethical or value tenets of a human being, this field will dramatically evolve further for individuals and governments, and that everyone should therefore be trained on its uses.

Measures are now being taken to establish a legal framework that promotes innovation while recognising the potential risks associated with AI, which will lead to the introduction of the Artificial Intelligence Law. m

Qatar's artificial intelligence usage In accordance with Qatar National Vision 2030, the country is using AI in order to promote economic diversification, improve public services, and establish itself as a global leader in new technologies.

Qatar was one of first countries in the Middle East to introduce a national data privacy law. Law No 13 of 2016 on Personal Data Privacy Protection refers to personal data that is electronically processed, or obtained, gathered or extracted in preparation for electronic processing, or when a combination of electronic and traditional processing is used.

It establishes guidelines for this collection, processing, and transfer of personal data.

Full details of this law can be found in Digital Qatar, in the Discovering Qatar section. ©

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The Banking Network There are hundreds of bank branches and ATMs across the country, in nearly all of the malls, hotels, souqs, hospitals and petrol stations. Visitors can usually access funds in their home accounts by using their cards here, with some ATMs allowing the withdrawal of USD and Euro – check for commission or exchange rate fees.

Major credit cards are widely accepted. Exchange houses provide remittance services and foreign exchange and are licensed by Qatar Central Bank. There are no exchange control regulations, but movement of money in and out of local accounts is monitored and a declaration of origin for large cash deposits may be required. Cash transactions above QAR50,000 are now prohibited. The GCCNET system, established by the GCC countries, is a single ATM network linking all GCC point of sale switches – in Qatar this is NAPS (National ATM & POS Switch).

Branch opening hours: Generally Sunday – Thursday 7:30 am – 1 pm. Many banks have extended branch operations, particularly at malls; check the bank's website for timings and locations of branches and ATMs. Digital branches and services: HSBC Msheireb Downtown Digital branch • QIB Video Banking via the QIB mobile app • Virtual assistants: Dukhan Bank (Rashid), Qatar Islamic Bank (Zaki) E-payment services: QCB has authorised digital payment services via the Qatar Mobile Payment system, the first instant national digital wallet for transactions, bringing together all mobile payment service providers in Qatar.

Participants: • Qatar National Bank • Qatar Islamic Bank • Doha Bank • Dukhan Bank • Qatar International Islamic Bank • Arab Bank • HSBC • Masraf Al Rayan • Ahli Bank • Commercial Bank of Qatar • Ooredoo Money • Infinity Payment Solutions (iPay) by Vodafone Qatar.

Global digital wallet services (Apple Pay, Google Pay, Samsung Pay): All are available and accepted in Qatar.

PayPal: Goods and Services only – Friends and Family is not available.

Himyan: Introduced by QCB as the first national prepaid card and accepted at all ATMs, POS and online stores.

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI) has stated all commercial outlets operating in the country must provide an electronic payment service to customers without adding additional charges, nor impose charges for the use of debit/credit cards. ©

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Banking and Finance

Currency The unit of currency is the Qatari Riyal (QAR), divided into 100 Dirhams (Dh), issued by Qatar Central Bank (QCB).

It is pegged to the US dollar at a fixed exchange rate of USD1 = QAR3.64.

The fifth series of notes were introduced in December 2020. A new QAR200 note joins the QAR1, QAR5, QAR10, QAR50, QAR100 and QAR500 notes. The old notes ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2021, although the public can change the old notes at QCB for another 10 years. Banknotes incorporate security threads, as well as special features for recognition by the blind and visually impaired, and the new QAR500 note features a holographic security thread, the first in the Middle East to do so. Coins remain unchanged at Dh5, Dh10, Dh25 and Dh50.

Four GCC countries support the creation of a Gulf Monetary Union (GMU) – Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain; the UAE and Oman have withdrawn entry. The GCC Supreme Council in 2008 approved the Monetary Union Agreement and the Statute of the Monetary Council. The headquarters of the Gulf Monetary Council opened in Riyadh in 2013 with monetary union proposed later in the year. Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Saudi Arabia subsequently agreed to establish a unified central bank with currency pegged to the USD. There has been no further action since 2013.

The Banking Sector Overseen by Qatar Central Bank (QCB), the sector comprises a number of regional, foreign and Islamic banks. State-owned Qatar Development Bank provides financing to SMEs, while QInvest focuses on investment banking, asset management and investing its own capital.

Barwa Bank and International Bank of Qatar (IBQ) signed a final agreement in August 2018 to merge the two banks, the first in Qatar's banking history, to create a Sharia-compliant financial institution with more than USD22 bn in assets. The legal merger was completed in April 2019, trading as Barwa Bank, with IBQ products converted to Shariacompliant equivalents. Barwa changed its name to Dukhan Bank in October 2020.

In June 2020 negotiations began for another merger between Masraf Al Rayan and Al Khalij Commercial Bank (al khaliji). Masraf Al Rayan was previously involved as a third bank in the merger between Barwa Bank and IBQ. Masraf Al Rayan and al khaliji's merger agreement in January 2021 was completed in November 2021. al khaliji's business was absorbed into Masraf Al Rayan's, with the latter becoming the remaining legal entity operating in accordance with Islamic Sharia principles. It is now one of the largest Sharia-compliant banks in Qatar and the region, with over QAR182 bn in total assets.

The Cabinet approved a draft resolution in December 2021, allowing a non-Qatari investor to own up to 100% of the capital in four banks: Commercial Bank of Qatar, Masraf Al Rayan, Qatar Islamic Bank, and Qatar National Bank.

A new loan-to-deposit requirement of 100% came into effect in 2018. The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 by QCB has strengthened the provision coverage at Qatar’s commercial banks – under the IFRS standard, banks and financial entities have to set aside a certain proportion of profit against losses for unseen reasons. QCB set up the Supreme Emergency Committee in 2018 to monitor the day-to-day activities of financial institutions in the country, addressing emergency matters and easing the flow of work.

The Economist Intelligence Unit noted in May 2023 that Qatar's banking system risk is among the lowest in the Middle East. In the same month, The Financial Action Task Force and the Middle East and North Africa Financial Action Task Force commended Qatar for its efforts in combating money laundering and countering terrorism financing, being compliant or largely compliant for all 40 recommendations in its system.

Qatar Central Bank Under Law No 13 of 2012 Qatar Central Bank and the Regulation of Financial Services, QCB is deemed an autonomous corporate body, with a capital of QAR50 bn and under the direct control of The Amir. It is headed by a governor appointed by The Amir, and primary goals include financial stability, supporting developmental activities and strengthening the

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national economy. The law covers banks, insurance companies, exchange houses, Qatar Exchange and QFC‑registered entities. Amiri Decision No 65 of 2021 appointed HE Sheikh Bandar bin Mohammed bin Saoud Al Thani as Governor of QCB. qcb.qa Under Law No 13 of 2012, the Financial Stability and Risk Monitoring Committee shall study existing and future risks related to all banking, financial, insurance and stock market activities. The panel works closely with the Ministry of Finance to frame general policies.

Regulations in 2013 curbed investment options for local banks. Equities and bonds can account for up to 25% of a bank’s capital and reserves; debt issued by the government and national banks are exempt. There is also a limit on the amount placed with individual companies and unlisted securities: a maximum of 5% of capital and reserves for foreign investments and 10% domestically. Total foreign equities is capped at 15%.

The Qatar Renminbi Centre opened in 2015 and is the first in the region to offer Renminbi (RMB) clearing and settlement, increasing financial connectivity between China, Southwest Asia and the MENA region. The centre provides access to China’s onshore RMB and foreign exchange markets to local financial institutions – Chinese companies have become active partners in Qatar, and the RMB centre will facilitate trade via their agreement with QCB. qatarrmbcentre.com Law No 20 of 2019 on combating money laundering and terrorism financing was issued in September 2019, replacing Law No 4 of 2010, with implementing regulations following in December.

The law is in accordance with the latest standards adopted by major international organisations including Financial Action Task Force, highlighting Qatar's regional role in setting standards in its legal and regulatory framework for combating money laundering and terrorism financing.

Fintech regulations Noting the increasing growth and popularity of fintech, QCB has established the Fintech

QCB launched the National Fintech Strategy 2023 in March 2023 to 'support and reinforce a diversified economy and investments in Qatar based on financial technology and technological innovation,' according to the QCB Governor.

The new strategy has four pillars to boost Qatar's economic growth: • Establishing infrastructure eg advanced regulatory rules and electronic platforms to develop financial technology.

• Prioritising innovation and financial technology sector growth, especially Islamic financial technology and sustainable development, as well as insurance technology.

• Empowering companies and enhancing their performance by using financial technology solutions and making the State of Qatar a financial technology hub.

Banking and Finance

The law provides strict penalties for anyone accepting deposits from the public without a valid licence from the banking regulator – violators can face a jail term of up to five years and/or a fine of up to QAR5 mn. For those refusing to accept the legal tender of Qatar, there is a jail term of three years and/or a fine of up to QAR5 mn. Issuing forged currency means 10 years in jail and/or a fine of QAR10 mn. Manipulating accounts incurs a prison term of up to three years and/or a fine of up to QAR200,000.

Regulatory Sandbox and launched Qatar FinTech Hub (QFTH) as a means of boosting financial innovation. The regulatory sandbox, co-founded

by Qatar Development Bank, invites entities to safely live-trial their services in the digital payment services space. fintech.qa, sandbox.qcb.qa

• Providing a smooth mechanism and support for the transition towards cash-less transactions.

This strategy will add to the number of initiatives already in place to support the fintech sector, such as electronic wallets, instant payments and transfers, and the first local prepaid electronic payment card (Himyan).

QCB has received a number of applications from fintech companies to offer 'Buy Now Pay Later' (BNPL) services. BNPL is a short term interest free credit facility, allowing the customer to split the transaction amount into instalments to be repaid over a maximum of 12 months.

The new BNPL regulations apply to any provider set up under the MoCI, QFC, QSTP or any other free zone authority/commercial licensing entity.

QCB aims to regulate this increasingly popular e-commerce service, to establish a regulatory framework for emerging fintech companies and reinforce the country's payment systems.

Qatar Credit Bureau Bad loans have been reduced since the Bureau started operations in 2011. The centre cannot grant credit facilities to individuals nor impose ©

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restrictions on banks. Qatar Credit Bureau provides analytical data and supports banks’ use of advanced techniques in risk management, as well as support sustainable growth of credit in Qatar.

It provides banks with information on customers' total exposure in the market and the loans they hold, enabling banks to choose prospective customers. cb.gov.qa

Banking and Finance

Loans, Bank Charges and Interest Rates Loans: Under QCB rules, the default period for a substandard loan is three months or more, for a doubtful loan six months, and a bad loan nine months. Banks have to closely monitor loan disbursement and forward reports on customer creditworthiness to QCB. There is also a duty to track and follow defaulting customers and seek resolution – if this fails, they will take legal action.

Non‑payment of loans could lead to a travel ban for Qatar and possibly the GCC. QCB has imposed ceilings on the amounts a bank can lend as a personal loan to citizens and expatriates. Banks cannot lend more than QAR400,000 to an expatriate, over a maximum repayment period of 48 months, against a max 50% of total monthly salary, and at a max 6.5% interest rate. For Qatari citizens there is a max loan of QAR2 mn over a max 72 months. Banks cannot use post‑dated cheques for the loan value.

Mortgages: New rules were introduced by QCB in July 2023, to be applied by Qatari banks and subsidiaries within the country. Branches and subsidiaries of Qatari banks outside the State of Qatar should comply with the instructions and conditions of the host regulatory authorities as long as the collaterals and financed properties are outside the country.

There are three categories: • Ready and under construction residential properties for individuals, whose repayment sources are linked to the client's own sources, salary or any other non-real estate sources: ø For Qataris, proprieties up to QAR6 mn – maximum loan-to-value (LTV) of 80% and max tenure of 30 years; above QAR6 mn – max LTV 75%, max tenure 30 years. ø For residents, for properties up to QAR6 mn – max LTV 75%, max tenure 25 years; above QAR6 mn max LTV 70%, max tenure 25 years.

• Financing ready properties for individuals and companies for investment and commercial purposes, with the repayment depending mainly on real estate revenues:

ø For Qatari citizens and companies, which Qatari partners own not less than 51%, for property value up to QAR10 mn – max LTV 75%, max tenure 25 years; over QAR10mn – max LTV 70%, max tenure 25 years. ø For residents (individuals or companies), for property value up to QAR10 mn – max LTV 70%, max tenure 25 years; over QAR10 mn – max LTV 65%, max tenure 25 years. ø For non-residents, property value up to QAR10 mn – max LTV 60%, max tenure 20 years; over QAR10 mn – max LTV 60%, max tenure 15 years.

• Financing real estate under construction for investment and commercial purposes with the repayment depending on the property revenues in whole or in part: ø For Qatari citizens and companies, which Qatari partners own not less than 51 – max LTV 60%, max tenure 20 years. ø Foreigners (residents and non-resident) – max LTV 50%, max tenure 15 years.

QCB rules for granting mortgages for salary customers states the debt burden ratio should not exceed 75% of the total salary for Qataris, and 50% for expatriates.

If the customer obtains permanent residence in Qatar as a result of owning the property, the mortgage providers can extend the tenure to be similar to that of residents.

The amendments also state that for underconstruction property financing, the grace period, if granted, should not exceed three years and be within the overall tenure, with regular interest payments during this period on a monthly or quarterly basis.

Documents usually required: • Valuation Report from an approved real estate agent • Salary assignment letter if the home loan is the first facility with the bank • ID for Qataris or passport and valid residence card for expatriates • Copy of the Title Deed and map • Building insurance cover.

Discuss provision for life assurance against any loan amount taken and consider updating your will.

Bank charges: Banks must prominently display all interest rates on personal loans and credit cards, as well as publish them in local newspapers.

Credit cards: A maximum 12% annual interest rate and usually only issued when customers transfer their salary or have an adequate deposit at the bank.

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Interest rates: Announced by QCB on overnight deposit and loan transactions between QCB and local banks via the Qatar Money Market Rate Standing Facility, a monetary instrument through which local banks can request access to loan and deposit facilities with QCB at daily interest rates. QCB and Bloomberg jointly launched the first Qatar interbank offer rate (QIBOR) fixing in 2012. This is the interest rate charged by banks in Qatar for interbank transactions.

Following adjustments by the US Federal Reserve, in May 2023 QCB increased the overnight lending to 6%, the deposit rate to 5.50% and the repo rate to 5.75%.

Accounts Standard bank facilities: Debit/credit cards, standing orders, money transfers, personal loans, vehicle loans, and mortgages on current and savings accounts (including joint accounts). Some accounts offer longer terms, higher interest and the option to save in USD, GBP and Euros.

24/7 telephone and internet banking services and apps offer additional options, while some services such as ordering a cheque book can be accessed via the bank's ATM network. With mobile banking a customer relations officer can visit you at home or work to assist with banking requirements. Most banks offer premium banking services.

The Wage Protection Scheme (WPS) is an electronic salary transfer system that ensures workers are paid as per their employment agreement, initiated by the Ministry of Labour and QCB. Employees therefore need a local bank account in order to receive their wages from the employer.

International bank account number (IBAN): Adopted in 2014 as a standard for identifying and numbering all bank accounts in Qatar.

The system applies to all accounts in banks operating in the country, and can be found on bank statements or online in account details.

The existing account number is not replaced; additional characters appear in front of the account number to form a 29‑character IBAN. All incoming and outgoing transfers to and from banks and financial institutions must use IBAN.

• Valid passport.

• For current accounts, a letter from the employer/ sponsor confirming the monthly salary in Qatari Riyals, with the company’s official stamp. You may have to transfer your salary to the new account but check with the individual bank.

• Some banks may ask to see your tenancy agreement to establish your residential address.

• Take copies of these documents, along with identity photographs. Ask for photocopies of any documents signed.

Cheques: A chequebook can be issued with a current account. They are not widely accepted for instant payment; post‑dated cheques are commonly used for house rental payments. The onus of responsibility is on the banks not to encash cheques before the designated date.

Issuing a cheque without the necessary funds in your account is a serious criminal offence and the bank or creditor may notify the police, leading to possible prosecution.

Banking and Finance

Given the fixed parity between the Qatari riyal and the US dollar, QCB short term interest rates policies are subordinated to the fixed exchange rate policy, making QCB overnight interest rates closely related to its USD counterpart, the Fed Funds Rate.

Opening an Account: Documents usually required: • A valid residence card or work visa. A worker’s dependants (eg spouse and family) can open an account but may require his permission as he is their sponsor (check with the individual bank).

Punishment for causing a cheque to bounce due to insufficient funds can be severe: jail terms of between three months and three years, and/ or fines of between QAR3,000 and QAR10,000.

Cases being filed are on the rise in the country, mostly for cheques for large amounts, and the Capital Security Department records all cases electronically to speed up the process.

Under new QCB instructions, the Qatar Credit Bureau lists individuals and companies who have issued at least one bounced cheque. Banks are not obligated to issue new cheque books to these customers unless the amount has been settled and their name removed. Banks must also report any customer who has issued a bounced cheque.

Credit cards: Widely available with all the usual privileges, with the credit limit determined by the cardholder's salary or savings balance. Family members may also be eligible for a card. Check at the time of applying for issuance and renewal fees, conversion charges, and payment options.

Since 2014 all card transactions made using the magnetic stripe inside and outside of Qatar will be declined. However, as certain countries (eg the US, India and the Philippines) still use the magstripe for transactions, customers should activate their card before travelling. ©

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Offshore banking: Offshore banking can be a secure anchor for an expat's finances while out of their home country. Check with local banks for availability of international bank accounts in USD, GBP, or Euros.

Complaints: Unresolved consumer complaints can be made online to QCB's Consumer Protection Department. qcb.gov.qa

Banking and Finance

Financial Services and Insurance Qatar Central Bank (QCB) is the supreme authority with overall control, regulatory responsibility and supervisory powers for all financial services providers in Qatar, including banks, Islamic financial institutions, insurance and reinsurance companies and other financial institutions. The provision of any financial service or the conduct of any financial activity or business (including insurance and reinsurance) is prohibited unless a licence is granted by QCB. Financial services are provided by entities registered with the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC).

Insurance products are widely available from local and international companies (see Living in Qatar).

Under Law No 13 of 2012 QCB and the Regulation of Financial Services, only local insurance providers are permitted to underwrite any kind of risk against properties in Qatar. Decision No 1 of 2016 issued by the Governor of QCB provides instructions related to licencing, regulation and controls, risk management, accounting, and other requirements. Listed companies must have capital in excess of QAR100 mn or a risk-based capital, while unlisted companies must have capital higher than that set by QCB or their risk-based capital.

QCB continues to regulate and develop the insurance market under the National Fintech Strategy 2023 launched in March 2023.

Islamic Finance Current Islamic institutions include Dukhan Bank, International Islamic, Masraf Al Rayan and Qatar Islamic Bank. Lesha Bank – regulated by the QFC Regulatory Authority – is the first independent, Sharia compliant investment bank.

Banks were required by QCB to separate their Islamic and conventional lending operations by 31 December 2011. Islamic banking by other conventional banks is now barred from Qatar's market. QCB took this action due to certain supervisory and monetary issues, namely that holding both Islamic and non‑Islamic deposits incurs different risks and reporting methods.

Law No 13 of 2012 requires that Islamic banks must have a Sharia board with at least three qualified members approved by the shareholders.

Neither they nor members of their family may be employed or hold shares in the entity.

Institutions and services must abide by regulations set out in the Holy Quran and Sharia (Islamic Law). Charging riba (interest) is haram (forbidden).

Islamic banks charge fees for services and engage in profit sharing, enabling them to offer comparable facilities to those of conventional banks. Under a mudharabah (profit sharing) contract, the rabbul maal (owner of the money) authorises the bank to invest funds as per Sharia to make justifiable returns. Other concepts of Islamic banking include wadiah (safekeeping), musharakah (joint venture), and ijarah (leasing).

Bai (saving) is halal (allowed). m

Qatar Central Bank grants licences to providers of website services to compare prices of insurance policies Qatar Central Bank (QCB) has instructed that all companies providing website services comparing the prices of insurance policies must submit an application to receive the necessary licence.

QCB stated that this announcement is in alignment with the bank's financial sector and fintech strategies, and is further proof of QCB's commitment to regulating and upgrading the country's financial sector.

Checked & Updated October 2023

Decision No 7 of 2019 set out further instructions for licensing, organising and supervising the services of supporting insurance providers. It set out the competencies and expertise, the nature of the work, areas of responsibility and functions,

and the establishment of professional and ethical codes of conduct.

Companies can find all the licensing and regulation instructions at qcb.gov.qa QATAR BANKING, COMMERCE & INFRASTRUCTURE E-GUIDE © MARHABA

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Our main role is to organise business interests and represent the Qatari private sector locally and globally as well as support the country’s economic actors and productivity

qatarchamber qatar_chamber

www.qatarchamber.com info@qcci.org

©

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Economy Economic Growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) One of the main aims of Qatar National Vision 2030 is to diversify the economy and reduce dependence on the hydrocarbon industries.

Economy

The economy has weathered the impact of both the COVID-19 pandemic and the blockade that was imposed on 5 June 2017, with positivity after borders reopened between Saudi Arabia and Qatar following the AlUla Declaration in January 2021.

Qatar and the US topped global exports of LNG in 2022 due to the energy crisis following the war in Ukraine, and demand has continued into 2023.

Tourism numbers were strong at the start of the year following the success of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM, and looks to see an additional boost with the hosting of the Expo 2023 Doha.

The World Bank has forecasted the growth of the Qatari economy by 3.3% in 2023 to be among the best growth rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with a growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita by 2.2%. The surplus of the fiscal balance would be about 6.5% of GDP and the surplus of the current account balance would be about 15.9%.

According to the Planning and Statistics Authority (PSA), the quarterly GDP estimates at constant prices in Q1 2023 is estimated at QAR198.74 bn, a decrease of 8.7% compared to Q4 2022, and an increase of 1.0% year-on-year (y-o-y).

The quarterly GDP at constant prices is QAR170.10 bn, a decrease of 3.9% compared to Q4 2022, and an increase of 2.7% y-o-y.

QAR228 bn, a 16.3% increase compared to 2022.

Expenditures will decrease by 2.6% to QAR199 bn, due to an end in expenses for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM. However, the allocations for salaries and wages has increased by 6.3% to QAR4.0 bn.

The QAR29 bn budget surplus will repay public debt, support the reserves of Qatar Central Bank (QCB) and increase the capital of Qatar Investment Authority (QIA), to stimulate and diversify the State's economy. The budget surplus is the highest in the last decade, thanks to a 20.8% increase in oil revenues.

Figures have been based on an average oil price of USD65 a barrel, up from USD55 in the 2022 budget. HE Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, the Minister of Finance, stated this was due to the remarkable recovery in global energy prices during 2022, adding that international estimates suggest that energy prices will continue to rise over the medium term.

The allocations made towards major projects for 2023 decreased by 13.6%, at QAR 63.9 bn, while that for current expenditures increases from QAR67.2 bn to QAR67.5 bn. The 2023 budget shows 22 new projects have been allocated QAR9.8 bn as part of the country’s scheduled QAR64 bn expenditure of the general budget on major projects for the next year. Of these projects, 14 are estimated to receive QAR5.5 bn, based on an assessment of priorities.

The State continues to focus on the health and education sectors, with QAR21.1 bn for health (11% of total expenditure), and QAR18.1 bn for education (9% of total expenditure).

Inflation and Cost of Living

In Q2 2023, PSA data stated the total exports of goods (including exports of goods of domestic origin and re-exports) amounted to QAR85.3 bn, a decrease of 11.0% against Q1 and a decrease of 32.2% y-o-y. Asia was the main country of destination (74.6%), followed by the European Union and the GCC.

In August 2023, the Consumer Price Index (CPI), used to calculate inflation rates in Qatar, reached 106.25 points, a decrease of 0.58% m-o-m and an increase of 2.38% y-o-y. The data shows there was a decrease in six groups, three groups increased, and three groups remained unchanged.

Imports of goods was QAR27.7 bn, an increase of 0.9% against Q1 and an increase of 1.3% y-o-y. Asia was the main country of origin (37.4%), followed by the European Union and the GCC. The merchandise trade balance surplus – the difference between total exports and imports – was QAR57.6 bn, down from QAR98.6 bn y-o-y.

The Budget The State Budget for 2023 was announced in December 2022, with total revenue estimates at

According to Qatar Central Bank, the inflation rate in Q2 2023 was 3.2%, down from 4.1% in the previous quarter, and down from 5.4% y-o-y.

Population and the Labour Force Total population in August 2023 was 2,969,437: males 2,143,571; females 825,866.

Checked & Updated October 2023

Export, Import and Trade Surplus

The World Bank states Qatar has one the lowest percentages of unemployed people, declining over the last 30 years from 0.81% in 1991 to 0.17% in 2021, and with youth unemployment just 0.5% of total population. m

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Commerce Qatar is a member of the World Trade Organisation and its trade policies create a competitive international trading market. The government supports the growth and success of businesses in a bid to diversify the economy. Qatar is a member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which also includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Following the ending of the blockade in 2021, Qatar has resumed trade with Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain and Egypt, and has continued to strengthen relations with a number of other countries such as Turkey, Oman, Kuwait, India, China, the UK and the US.

Telephone

Online

Map

American Chamber of Commerce in Qatar

4020 6038

amchamqatar.org

C4

Communications Regulatory Authority

103/4406 9938

cra.gov.qa

C4

Department for International Trade (UK)

+44 (0)20 7215 5000

gov.uk

General Authority of Customs

4445 7457

customs.gov.qa

C4

German Business Council Qatar

4431 1152

gbcqatar.qa

C4

Hukoomi (Qatar e-Government)

109/4406 9999

hukoomi.gov.qa/en

C4

Indian Business and Professionals Council

6602 4272

ibpcqatar.com

E4

Mada Assistive Technology Center

4459 4050

mada.org.qa

C4

Ministry of Commerce and Industry

16001

moci.gov.qa

A4

Ministry of Communications and IT

4473 3333

mcit.gov.qa

C4

155

edu.gov.qa

C4

Ministry of Education and Higher Education

4426 6666

mecc.gov.qa

C4

Ministry of Finance

16020/4446 1444

mof.gov.qa

C4

Ministry of Justice

137/4021 5555

moj.gov.qa

C4

Ministry of Municipality

184/4434 8888

mme.gov.qa

C4

Ministry of Public Health

4407 0000

moph.gov.qa

C3

16016/4045 1111

mot.gov.qa

C4

Ministry of Environment and Climate Change

Ministry of Transport

4495 8888

psa.gov.qa

C4

Public Works Authority (Ashghal)

188/4495 1111

ashghal.gov.qa

C4

Qatar British Business Forum

4496 2000

qbbf.com

C4

Qatari Businessmen Association

4435 3120

qataribusinessmen.org

C4

Qatari Business Women Association

4420 9109

Facebook/Instagram/LinkedIn

Qatar Chamber

4455 9111

qatarchamber.com

D4

Qatar Development Bank

4430 0000

qdb.qa

D4

Qatar Stock Exchange

4433 3666

qe.com.qa

C4

Qatar Financial Centre (QFC)

4496 7777

qfc.qa

C4

Qatar Intl Court & Dispute Resolution Centre

4496 8225

qicdrc.com.qa

C4

Qatar Investment Authority

4499 5919

qia.qa

A4

Qatar Professional Women's Network

qpwn.org

C2

Qatar Science & Technology Park

4454 7070

qstp.org.qa

Qatar Tourism

4406 9921

visitqatar.qa

A4

QFC Regulatory Authority

4495 6888

qfcra.com

C4

Checked & Updated October 2023

Planning and Statistics Authority

Commerce

Organisation

Embassies can provide valuable information on commercial activities and can connect you with their business council/chamber of commerce – see the Discovering Qatar section for contact details.

Translation services can be found in Day to Day Qatar in the Living in Qatar section. m ©

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Investment and Trade Qatar has one of the fastest growing global economies thanks to the third largest concentration of natural gas reserves in the world. Recent legal liberalisation, economic diversification and an expanding economy provide many investment opportunities for non‑Qataris. Investors can enjoy unrivalled world connectivity via Hamad Port, one of the largest in the region, and the world’s best airport, airline and air cargo carrier. Profits can be repatriated as can proceeds of sale and capital on liquidation. Major investment sectors are construction, oil and gas, education, and financial and legal services, with opportunities in ICT, sport, leisure and healthcare.

Qatar ranks first among the world’s top destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI), thanks to strong economic and investment momentum, according to the Investment Promotion Agency Qatar (IPA Qatar).

Investment and Trade

Qatar is number one on the 'FDI Standout Watchlist 2023' by fDi Intelligence thanks to a robust economic and investment outlook for the year, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts that Qatar's fiscal balance prospects will also remain strong in the coming years. The latest 'Investment Monitor’s FDI Report 2023: A Focus on the Middle East & Africa' states that Qatar has seen a six-fold increase in FDI, becoming the fifth largest inbound FDI market in the MENA region.

IPA Qatar released its 2022 Annual Report in May 2023, which showed USD29.78 bn (approx QAR108.4 bn) in FDI capital expenditure. Qatar’s strong economic growth and attractive investment prospects led to 135 new FDI projects and the creation of 13,972 new jobs.

Over 800 new foreign commercial establishments were initiated, while the agency established and expanded key partnerships with organisations and also released its first multilingual ‘Guide to Investment’.

Incentives

Investment Regulations

The government welcomes foreign participation in joint ventures, with a number of incentives for investment: • A developed infrastructure and ICT network.

• Easy access to world markets with good sea and air connections, continuously being upgraded.

• Natural gas, electricity, water and petroleum at subsidised rates.

• Land for development in the Industrial Area near Doha for nominal fees – companies can submit a request to the Ministry of Municipality for a lease contract of a plot under the Doha, Al Khor, Al Thakhira and Al Shamal Municipalities.

• Loans available from Qatar Development Bank.

• Fixed parity between the Qatari riyal and US dollar (USD1 = QAR3.64).

• No customs duty on the import of plant machinery; exemption from export duty.

• Five-year renewable tax holidays (based on government approval).

• No income tax on the salaries of expatriates.

• Tax on the profits of foreign-owned stakes in Qatari companies applied at a flat rate of 10%.

• Employment and immigration rules enabling the import of skilled and unskilled labour.

There are primarily two regulatory jurisdictions for foreign investors seeking to conduct commercial business in Qatar: the regulations of the State of Qatar, and the rules and regulations of the Qatar Financial Centre (discussed in more detail below).

Qatar also recently introduced new free zones designed to encourage certain bespoke investment vehicles to bring their businesses to the region.

Non-Qatari investors may only invest in Qatar in accordance with Foreign Investment Law No 1 of 2019: • In January 2019 the Amir promulgated the new foreign investment law of 2019. According to the new law, foreign investors are permitted to hold more than 49% in commercial companies with special permission from the Minister of Commerce and Industry (MOCI) (subject to some prohibitions set out below). Under the former law such increased ownership was limited to those businesses operating in a specific set of sectors.

• Non-Qatari investors are prohibited from being appointed as commercial agents under Commercial Agencies Law No 8 of 2002, but the former prohibition preventing foreigners from investing in real estate businesses has been removed under the new Foreign Investment ©

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Law. Approval from the Council of Ministers is required for foreign investment in banking and insurance.

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• Foreign capital is protected against expropriation (although the State may acquire assets for public benefit on a non-discriminatory basis, provided the full economic value is paid for the asset).

• Subject to Ministerial approval, a foreign company performing a specific contract in Qatar may set up a branch office if the project facilitates the performance of a public service or utility.

• A non-Qatari company operating in Qatar under a Qatari government concession to extract, exploit or manage the State's national resources is exempt from the Foreign Investment Law. In practice this covers all large oil and gas companies.

• A company formed by a non-Qatari entity with the government or a government entity ('Article 207 Company') may be subject to special rules and exemptions from the Commercial Companies Law No 11 of 2015.

• All international companies securing mega infrastructure development work must share at least 30% of the contract with local entities.

• Law No 7 of 1987 governs the practice of commercial activity by GCC citizens in Qatar, and was amended in April 2017 under Law No 6 of 2017. GCC citizens as individuals or legal personalities can practice retail and wholesale trade in Qatar. However, the GCC citizen engaging in the activity must be directly responsible for it.

Those undertaking retail business must do so via direct sale to customers in a shop, and those in wholesale trading are required to import and export the goods. NB: following the signing of AlUla Declaration regarding the blockade against Qatar, legal advice is recommended for this type of commercial activity.

• Law No 12 of 2020 regulating the partnership between the public and the private sector became law in July 2020, as per one of the following regulations: Allocation of land through a rental or usage licence, for development by the private sector; build-operate-transfer (BOT); buildtransfer-operate (BTO); build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT); operations and maintenance (OM); or any other form adopted by the Prime Minister, upon the proposal of the relevant minister. The Government or other administration may, on its own initiative or at the suggestion of the private sector, identify a project for its implementation through partnership.

Choosing A Business Structure To conduct business in Qatar on a regular basis, foreign investors are required to establish or register a legal presence from the following options: • Incorporating as a company under the Commercial Companies Law which allows full access to Qatar's market and to work on an unlimited number of projects. A Qatari partner is required to own 51% of the capital of the company, except in the circumstances mentioned above. Various exemptions are available to attract foreign capital.

• Obtaining a licence for a branch office or trade representation office which does not require a Qatari partner. The licence for a branch is granted in respect of a specific project for a government client. The existence of the branch office is dependent on the duration of a particular project: once the project is completed, the branch office must close unless it has secured additional qualifying projects. Branch offices are only permitted to perform a specific contract and may not engage in general commercial activities with the larger local market. The branch will be fully taxable unless granted a special exemption.

Trade representation offices are only permitted to market goods and services; they are not permitted to engage in commercial activities.

• Under Law No 7 of 2017 companies in GCC states can now establish companies in Qatar, subject to having had a commercial registration in one of the GCC states for at least three years, and be fully owned and managed by a GCC citizen. Refer to the preceding caveat in Investment Regulations regarding the blockade.

• Appointing a commercial agent means a nonQatari company does not establish a presence in Qatar; instead a 100% owned Qatari entity or Qatari national is appointed as an agent to market the relevant goods and services.

Commercial agencies must be exclusive and registered in order to be afforded the protections provided under the Commercial Agents Law No 8 of 2002; non-registered distributorships are subject to the Commercial Law No 27 of 2006.

• There is a separate regime for establishing an entity in the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC). This allows 100% foreign ownership and aims to attract international financial services companies and some professional support companies to invest in Qatar. The number of permitted activities in which a QFC firm may engage has been increased to include a broader spectrum of investment options.

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• The Qatar Science and Technology Park, a free zone in Education City, allows companies to engage in research and development, again with full foreign ownership.

• The new Qatar Free Zones have started accepting applications and international investors, at these zones:

• Ras Bufontas, a 4 sq km site adjacent to Hamad International Airport – a technology and manufacturing hub for businesses requiring international connectivity.

• The Cabinet has added some areas to the Free Zones Law, including Msheireb Downtown Doha.

• Under Ministerial Decision No 242 of 2016, the MOCI will grant licences for small businesses at home conducting certain commercial activities including sewing, events services, electronic services, business services, cosmetic activities and food activities. A single license is issued per activity, with an annual fee, and cannot involve direct sales to the public from the residence.

Decision No 163 of 2018 cancelled the requirement for signage at the house entrance.

Company Structures According to the Commercial Companies Law No 11 of 2015, the following structures are permitted: • Limited liability companies (LLCs) – subject to the Foreign Investment Law can now be established by a single person owning the entire share capital (previously the minimum number of shareholders was two). This replaces the single person company under the old companies law.

Shareholders can determine the share capital of an LLC (previously the minimum share capital was QAR200,000 divided into equal shares).

• Article 207 company – a shareholding company where the Qatari government, a government owned entity or a public corporation must own 51% of the shares, unless the Council of Ministers consents otherwise. Certain provisions of the Commercial Companies Law are excluded from the company’s Articles of Association.

• General partnership – joint partners administer the affairs of the company, and trustee partners contribute to the company's capital.

• Simple limited partnership – a local entity formed by two or more Qataris.

• Unincorporated joint venture – formed by two or more people pursuant to specific contractual arrangements. The unincorporated joint venture does not have a separate legal personality distinct from its partners.

• Joint stock company (public or private) – the capital is divided into shares with a minimum of five shareholders. Permissible foreign share ownership depends on the type of company and is subject to Qatar Financial Markets Authority approval.

• Holding company – incorporated as a joint stock or limited liability company. The holding company must hold at least 51% of the shares in each of the companies under its control.

Commercial Registration (CR) Virtually all companies use a government liaison officer or facilitator to assist with establishment formalities. Under Qatar Commercial Registration Law No 25 of 2005, companies must be approved or registered by one or more of the following entities: Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI); Qatar Chamber; Ministry of Municipality; Ministry of Interior; Importers' Register/ Contractors' Register; and QFC Authority (where appropriate). Visit moci.gov.qa for details.

Investment and Trade

• Um Alhoul, a 30 sq km site adjoining Hamad Port, south of Al Wakra – offers easy access to the water for maritime and logistics companies, and is a gateway for imports and exports. A port and marine cluster, 'Marsa', is able to support a wide range of marine businesses.

• Limited partnership with shares – formed by joint partners, liable for the debts, or trustee partners, whose liability is limited to the share value.

Amendments were made under Law No 20 of 2014 to expedite registration procedures, followed

by Decisions 30 and 31 of 2019: • The MOCI must respond to the applicant's request for registration on the same day.

• Reasons must be given for rejected applications.

The Minister must accept or reject an appeal of the Ministry's decision within 15 days.

• Incorporated branches must be in the exact name of the principal company, and are not considered separate legal entities.

• Amendments have also been made to penalties for those operating commercial premises without a CR, misusing the CR, and providing false/ wrong documents.

• Renewals, trade name changes and other modifications are now online services only at investor.sw.gov.qa

Export and Import Exports According to the Planning and Statistics Authority (PSA), Qatar’s total exports (including exports of domestic goods and re-exports) in ©

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August 2023 was QAR85.3 bn, mainly to Asia.

There are no duties on exports.

Investment and Trade

Imports According to PSA, imports in August 2023 was QAR27.7 bn, mainly from Asia.

Import tariffs Importers of goods into Qatar must sign up to the Importers' Register and be approved by Qatar Chamber (QC). Customs duty and legalisation fees are levied on all commercial shipments, irrespective of its value. All goods imported into Qatar are subject to customs duties, based on a percentage value of goods (usually 5%), or on a 'per unit' basis. Effective from May 2021, incoming parcels and personal shipments with a cost, insurance and freight (CIF) value exceeding QAR1,000 is liable to 5% customs duties (previously QAR3,000).

Customs duty tariffs fall under these categories: • Personal effects and household items, imports of charitable organisations and returned goods, diplomatic and military exemptions, merchandise for ‘free zones’ and duty-free shops – exempt.

Goods in transit may be accepted at designated stations without duty.

• General cargo, eg clothing, perfumes, cars, electronic appliances and devices – 5%.

• Steel – 20%.

• Urea and ammonia – 30%.

• Cigarettes, tobacco and its derivatives – 100% or QR1,000 per 10,000 cigarettes, whichever is higher.

Law No 25 of 2018 on Excise Tax came into effect 1 January 2019. All businesses that import, produce or store/stockpile excise goods must comply with the requirements stipulated under the law. The following goods are subject to Excise Tax: • Tobacco products – 100% • Carbonated drinks (non-flavoured aerated water excluded) – 50% • Energy drinks – 100% • Special goods – 100% In accordance with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Customs Union, more than 800 goods are exempted from customs duties, alongside exemptions granted to certain bodies and persons under Customs Law No 40 of 2004. There are fees for the attestation of the Certificate of Origin (from QC) and a tariff for the attestation of the Commercial Invoice, based on shipment value.

Qatar implemented the World ATA Carnet Council in 2018, an international customs system with nearly 80 member countries, permitting the dutyfree and tax-free temporary import and export of goods for up to one year. The system is being implemented by QC alongside ICC Qatar and the General Authority of Customs (GAC).

Through the Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) launched in 2019, the GAC aims to develop partnership and cooperation with the private sector by granting customs benefits and facilities to companies involved in the supply chain in international trade, as per the World Customs Organisation (WCO) Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Trade (SAFE). To date, there are 39 companies in the import/export category and 8 in the customs clearance category.

Import regulations All commercial shipments are examined by GAC prior to clearance. The Qatar Electronic Customs Clearance Single Window (Al Nadeeb) is a one-stop e‑government system to facilitate international trade. customs.gov.qa New regulations were introduced in 2013 to prevent fake products from entering the market.

All general goods must have non‑removable marking of their place of manufacture to be eligible for customs clearance. This applies to both air and sea freight. The import of vehicle tyres, spare parts and electrical home appliances has to be based on a 'certificate of conformity' issued by the authority concerned. All general cargo for customs clearance must be backed by an original commercial invoice on the shipper’s letterhead, with stamp and signature. They also require attestation by QC. The packing list of each consignment must have the number of pieces, weight and volume.

GAC requires all importers to obtain an HS Code, an international system for classifying traded products. This must be linked to the trader's Commercial Registration and import licence.

There are few restrictions on bringing personal effects into Qatar. However, anyone (importers, exporters or travellers) holding local or foreign currency, precious metals or jewellery worth more than QAR50,000 must complete a customs declaration form upon entry into or departure from the country. Banned imports include alcohol, pork and e‑cigarettes. The import of pets is allowed, although certain breeds are not permitted. NB: The signing of AlUla Declaration regarding the blockade against Qatar means commercial cargo movement has resumed between Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

Points of entry Imports and exports transit via Hamad International Airport, Hamad Port, Doha Port, Mesaieed Port, Ras Laffan and the Salwa Overland Terminal.

Taxation There are no personal taxes or statutory deductions from salaries in Qatar. Under Law No 24 of 2018 on Income Tax ('the New Tax Law') and

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its executive regulations, companies must pay tax on all profits at a flat rate of 10%. This is on all corporate income from sources in Qatar, whether the entity has a physical presence in Qatar or not.

The share of the profits due to a Qatari or GCC partner is exempt from tax.

In 2016 GCC members agreed to introduce VAT in early 2018. The Qatar Value Added Tax (VAT) Law and Excise Tax Law and Executive Regulations was approved in May 2017, based on the unified GCC agreement. To date, only the Excise Tax has been implemented.

Intellectual Property Under Law No 9 of 2002, a trademark registration is valid for 10 years from the date of filing the application, renewable for further consecutive periods of 10 years. The court may be ordered to cancel a trademark registration if the owner fails to use it in Qatar within five consecutive years from the date of the registration.

Copyright Law No 7 of 2002 gives protection to authors of original literary and artistic works.

Protected works include books, lectures, musical works, photographic works and computer software.

The economic rights of the author/owner are protected during the lifetime of the author/owner, and for 50 years after his death.

Patent Law No 30 of 2006 provides for the registration of inventions and foreign patents at the Qatar Patent Office; implementing regulations were issued by the Minister of Commerce and Industry under Decision No 153 of 2018.

Qatar announced its accession to the Patent Cooperation Treaty in 2011. The Law of Trademarks in the GCC Countries was promulgated under Law No 7 of 2014, and the same year Qatar signed a cooperation agreement with the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) to jointly improve services. There is an electronic trademark registration service via the MOCI website to expedite submissions and preserve IP rights.

Law No 10 of 2020 on the protection of industrial designs was issued in April 2020. This will offer more comprehensive protection for designs once

In 2022 Qatar won the presidency of the International Union for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Union). The Berne Union is a UN agency under WIPO, and is an agreement by member states to protect works and the rights of authors, as well as giving creators the means to place autonomy over their works. Acting Director of the office of Qatar to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Ahmed Essa Al Sulaiti is Chairman of the Committee of the Union for two years.

Regulatory Bodies and Government Entities Investment Promotion Agency Qatar (IPA Qatar) A4 Custodian of the Invest Qatar brand, IPA Qatar was launched in 2019 and is registered at the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC). The agency provides investment solutions in Qatar, attracting foreign direct investment in all of the country’s priority sectors. invest.qa Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI) A4 Creates commercial policy for both private and public sectors to boost regional and international trade relations and support business development.

A number of services are available through the Single Window, part of the ministry's efforts to attract local and foreign investments. In line with Law No 1 of 2020 on the Unified Economic Register, the Qatar Business Map Portal was launched, a comprehensive database with information and data related to commercial establishments. moci.gov.qa, investor.sw.gov.qa, businessmap.moci.gov.qa

Investment and Trade

Tax exemption applies for certain activities, and companies listed on the Qatar Stock Exchange are also exempt, but companies are required to pay a 2.5% contribution to charitable and cultural activities. Taxpayers need to register with the Public Revenue and Taxes Department. Auditors must be a firm based in Qatar and registered with the MOCI or approved by the QFC. Services are offered by the General Tax Authority via the Dhareeba portal.

the implementing regulations are issued, as previously protection was sought by publishing cautionary notices in Qatari newspapers.

Ministry of Finance (MOF) C4 Prepares the State Budget and proposes objectives and tools of financial policy in line with Qatar National Vision 2030. Its Tahfeez programme enhances local services and products to strengthen Qatar's private sector. The General Authority of Customs monitors the import of all goods, and the e-services of the Unified Website of State Procurement include tenders and company registration. mof.gov.qa, customs.gov.qa, monaqasat.mof.gov.qa Ministry of Justice (MOJ) C4 Records legal actions and documents, registers and protects IP rights, and reviews draft contracts and agreements in accordance with the law. The Ministry has a real estate registration/authentication office at the QFC to provide services to QFC entities.

Ministry of Municipality C4 The Foras investment portal promotes PPPs, currently for environmental, service, and sustainability projects. mme.gov.qa ©

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Qatar Chamber (QC) D4 Provides a wide range of services and support to local and international businesses, including certificates of origin (COO) for import/export and ATA Carnet, acting as liaison for international business delegations, and providing training courses. QC services are also available to QFC‑licensed firms. The Qatar International Center for Conciliation & Arbitration (QICCA) was established in 2006 as part of QC to act as an efficient and swift mechanism to settle disputes between Qatari enterprises, or between national companies and foreign counterparts. qatarchamber.com, qicca.org Qatar Development Bank (QDB) D4 Has an active role in the economic and industrial development of Qatar in the private sector by promoting and financing SMEs. The bank is 100% owned by the State of Qatar and provides a wide range of financial and advisory products, such as funding, incubation, and support services. qdb.qa Qatar Financial Markets Authority (QFMA) C4 An independent regulatory authority supervising the financial markets and firms authorised to conduct activities related to securities in or from Qatar, and empowered to exercise regulatory oversight and enforcement over the capital markets. QFMA was granted full membership of the International Organisation of Securities Commissions in 2013.

New legislation in 2014 modernised the legal infrastructure, while listing rules and a governance code for funds were issued in 2019. In September 2023 QFMA launched the Single Window E-Portal to allow companies to deal with just one entity, negating the need to separately involve QFMA, MOCI, Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE), and Edaa (formerly Qatar Cental Securities Depository Committee). qfma.org.qa Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP) C2 Since 2009 QSTP has been a facility for applied research and commercialised technology in Energy, Environment, Health Sciences, and ICT. This free zone at Education City allows foreign companies to set up 100%‑owned businesses in Qatar free of tax and duties. Members must have technology development (eg applied research, development and testing of a product or service, or technology training) as their main activity. qstp.org.qa

Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) QIA A4 was established in 2005 as the country's sovereign wealth fund to grow and diversify Qatar's economy. QIA has two main objectives: to support the local economy; and provide liquidity when required to stabilise the local economy, supporting local economic development by investing in

companies that fill market gaps.​QIA is the owner or a key shareholder in domestic companies such as Qatar National Bank, Ooredoo, Qatar Airways, Mwani Qatar, Qatar Holding, Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company, Katara Hospitality, Barwa Group, and Qatar Sports Investments, which owns football club Paris Saint‑Germain.

QIA has approximately USD475 bn in assets according to Sovereign Wealth Institute, although the fund does not publish its holdings. Direct investments are made in real estate, healthcare, retail/consumer, technology/media/telecoms, finance and industry. ​​​​Following a restructure in 2016, USD100 bn of investments in local companies were placed in a new unit, Qatar Investments (known as QIA internationally).

QIA is a founding member of the One Planet Sovereign Wealth Fund​Working Group, helping to produce a framework in 2018 to integrate climate change analysis into investment decisions.

Further to this, in 2020 QIA embarked on a revised strategy promoting sustainability, with no new investments in fossil fuels.

Amiri Decision No 34 of 2023 was issued in May 2023 reorganising QIA, highlighting its mandate, primary roles and responsibilities, and strategic objectives. An enhanced governance framework will enable effective oversight, aligned with international best practices. qia.qa QIA Portfolio (unconfirmed): 52 Champs-Elysées, Adecoagro, Agricultural Bank of China, Asia Square Tower 1, Banyan Tree, Barclays PLC, Barwa Bank, Brookfield Property Partners, Canary Wharf Group, Claridge's/The Berkeley/The Connaught hotels, Coveo, Credit Suisse Group AG, Deutsche Bank AG, El Corte Ingles SA, Empire State Realty Trust, Fahrenheit, Glencore PLC, Grupo Santander Brasil, Harrods, Hassad Food, Heathrow Airport Holdings, Hochtief, Iberdrola SA, J Sainsbury PLC, Kahramaa, Lagardère, Le Brantano!, Le Tanneur, Lifestyle International Holdings Ltd, London Shard Tower, London Stock Exchange, LVMH, Masraf Al Rayan, Mowasalat, National Grid PLC, One Ocean Port Vell, Ooredoo, Oryx Midstream Services (Oryx), Pavilion, Pulkovo Airport, Qatar Exchange, Qatar Islamic Bank, Qatar International Islamic Bank, Qatar National Bank, Reliance Retail Ventures, Rosneft PJSC, Royal Dutch Shell, Siemens, Societe Fonciere Lyonnaise SA, The Bürgenstock Selection, Total SA, Turkuvaz, Valentino Fashion Group SpA, Vente‑Privée, Vivendi, Volkswagen AG, Xstrata PLC. Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company Projects include: Lusail City (Qatar); Chelsea Barracks and East Village (UK); New York and Washington DC (US). The Qatar Railways

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Development Company (Qatar Rail) was formed to oversee the Qatar Rail Development Programme: the Doha Metro, the Long Distance Rail, and the Lusail Tram. qataridiar.com

Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) The QFC C4 was established in 2005 to attract international financial institutions and firms to establish business operations in a 'best‑in‑class' international environment.

• A separate legal, regulatory, tax and business environment.

• 100% foreign ownership, 100% repatriation of profits, and 10% corporate tax on locally sourced profits.

• A double taxation avoidance agreement network with more than 80 countries.

The Qatar International Court and Dispute Resolution Centre (QICDRC) was established

by QFC Law No 2 of 2009 and consists of the QFC Civil and Commercial Court (First Instance and Appellate Divisions) and the QFC Regulatory Tribunal. The Court has consensual jurisdiction to hear disputes between parties from anywhere around the world and mandatory jurisdiction to hear disputes between entities registered in the QFC. There is a purpose built Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) centre.

Under Laws No 14 and 15 passed in 2021, the QICDRC's jurisdiction was expanded to include the Qatar Free Zones and the Qatar Free Zones Authority, as well as matters referred to the Court or Regulatory Tribunal by any law in the State. A new practice direction on small claims, No 1 of 2022, substantially shortens the time to reach a judgment and offers a quick and efficient legal dispute resolution mechanism.

QFC assets amount to QAR28.3 bn, with more than 1,500 local and international firms registered on its platform. Companies comprise investment and private banking entities, and (re)insurance and asset management firms (each of which is regulated); and consultancy service providers, law firms and financial services recruitment firms (which are non‑regulated).

An additional practice guide was issued in May 2023, providing standard directions and notes for proceedings, with a framework of procedures for litigants or their legal representatives during pleadings. The guide is available online in English and Arabic at qicdrc.com.qa

The QFC is taking a major step in diversifying key economic sectors eg digital, financial services, sports, and media. An attractive incentives programme is available to multinational companies, offering free offices, highly-competitive tax incentives, and seed capital to cover five years of operating expenses in return for a 10-year commitment. An enhanced registration sees complete registration applications reviewed and processed quickly, and firms have a dedicated Relationship Manager once registered. qfc.qa

QSE C4 was created in 2009 between Qatar Holding (88%) and NYSE Euronext (12%) as the successor to Doha Securities Market; Qatar Holding purchased NYSE Euronext's stake in 2013. In 2012, regulatory authority passed to Qatar Central Bank (QCB) from Qatar Financial Markets Authority (QFMA), and a Memorandum of Understanding was signed with the Investment Promotion Agency in 2021 to boost the attractiveness of Qatar as an investment destination.

The Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) Authority, the commercial arm of the QFC, leads the expansion of Qatar’s financial services sector and develops relationships with the regional and global financial community. The QFCA's strategy focuses on the creation of a global business hub for three core markets – Asset Management, Reinsurance and Captive Insurance.

Trading in treasury bills began in 2011 and in 2012 the Venture Market for SMEs was launched.

In 2016 QSE joined the Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative of the United Nations (SSEI).

QSE migrated to a new trading system, Millennium, in June 2023, and is part of an agreement signed with the London Stock Exchange (LSEG) in 2022.

The new system allows QSE to use LSEG's financial markets technology products to oversee trading, market data, analysis and surveillance.

The QFCRA is the independent regulatory body of the QFC, overseeing all firms conducting financial services in or from the QFC, as a combined banking, insurance and markets regulator. In 2012, the QCB Governor took over the chairmanship

Investment and Trade

Firms need to be incorporated or registered by the QFC Companies Registration Office, licensed by the QFC Authority, and for regulated activities, authorised by the QFCRA. Advantages of establishment in the QFC include:

of QFCRA, as part of a plan to establish a single financial regime, comprising QFCRA, QFMA, QE, QCB, and the Supreme Judicial Council. qfcra.com

Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE)

There are 51 listed companies on the main market and 2 on the venture market, and 7 brokerage firms (September 2023). While QFC companies ©

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are subject to separate rules and regulations, the listing and trading of shares in QFC companies still fall under the purview of QCB, QFMA and QSE. Residents, expats and individual companies are all able to invest. Traders must open an account with a brokerage firm, who will act as an intermediary for all transactions and provide a National Investor Number for a fee of QAR100. Investors can now trade from a bank account in Qatar or in the country of residence. Traders must also register at Qatar Central Securities Depository (QCSD), established by QCB and licensed by QFMA to provide safekeeping, clearing and settlement of securities and other financial instruments listed on the exchange. qe.com.qa, qcsd.com.qa

Real Estate Under Law No 16 of 2018 on the regulation of non-Qatari ownership and utilisation of real estate, implemented in March 2019, non-Qataris may own and use properties in Qatar 'in many areas according to conditions, regulations and procedures, which shall be determined by a decision of the Cabinet based on the proposal of the Committee for the Regulation of Ownership and Use of Non-Qatari Property'.

The real estate non-Qatari individuals and companies are allowed to invest in includes offices, shops, units and villas in residential complexes, and real estate development of land in specified areas, and is not limited to apartments and residential units. Cabinet Resolution No 28 of 2020, passed in October 2020, confirmed the areas in which nonQataris may own and benefit from real estate, and the terms, conditions, benefits and procedures for their ownership and use of them. This encompasses the right to free ownership of residential units inside residential complexes and shops inside malls.

Freehold developments There are nine areas non‑Qataris can own and use freehold property: • Al Qassar (administrative area 60) • Al Dafna (administrative area 61) • Onaiza (administrative area 63) • West Bay (66) • The Pearl Island (66) • Lusail (69) • Al Khraij (69) • Jabal Theyleeb (69) • Al Khor Resort (74) Foreign companies can also own properties in these areas. The law offers an attractive new investment model to Qatar, offering 100% guaranteed return on investment in these areas.

Leasehold developments Non‑Qataris can use real estate property for 99 years in 16 designated areas: • Msheireb (area 13) • Fereej Abdelaziz (14) • Doha Al Jadeeda (15) • New Al Ghanim (16) • Al Refaa and Old Al Hitmi (17) • Aslata (18) • Fereej Bin Mahmoud (22 and 23) • Rawdat Al Khail (24) • Mansoura and Fereej Bin Dirham (25) • Najma (26) • Umm Ghuwailina (27) • Al Khulaifat (28) • Al Sadd (38) • Al Mirqab Al Jadeed and Fereej Al Nasr (39) • Doha International Airport area (48) For information regarding mortgages, see Banking and Finance in this section.

Developers and real estate agents selling property (for letting agents see Day to Day Qatar in the Living in Qatar section) Cushman & Wakefield Direct Real Estate Just Real Estate New Methods United Development Company

4483 7388 4442 1472 4491 3300 4410 8000 4409 5155

Business etiquette Doing business in Qatar relies on personal relationships as well as the quality of the company or service. Networking and exchanging business cards is important. Men should wear suits or smart/ business casual, women should cover upper arms and knees.

When meeting Arab people of the opposite sex it is best to wait for them to initiate a handshake.

Some other cultural nuances: • Don't rely too much on email • Oral commitments at meetings may be deemed binding, written agreements may not • Appointments should be reconfirmed on the day • English is widely spoken, however the language of government is Arabic • Chat with your host on general matters before approaching business.

Checked & Updated October 2023

Owners of property worth more than QAR730,000 will be offered residency, as well as their family, for the duration of ownership, with residency given

as soon as they finalise the purchase. Owners of property worth more than QAR3.65 mn will receive the same benefits as permanent residents regarding healthcare, education, and investment in some commercial activities. The Ministry of Justice is the one-stop-shop for all transactions regarding nonQatari ownership of real estate.

Image credit © Qatar Financial Centre

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FEATURE

Qatar's Government Entities Go High Tech

By Sarah Palmer

Q

atar is leading the way in embracing the latest and most advanced technology to improve government services and transform the economy.

The tech-savvy population and state-of-the-art research, development and innovation (RDI) environment has enabled Qatar to embrace Artificial Intelligence (AI) – the science of making machines do intelligent human tasks – to create a user-friendly experience for companies and individuals using government websites and apps.

The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology leads the way In partnership with the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), Microsoft launched its new datacentre region in Qatar in August 2022, the country's first hyperscale cloud datacentre to deliver enterprise-grade services in the country in the Azure Qatar Cloud. The Microsoft cloud datacentre region in Qatar enhances Qatar’s competitiveness on a global and regional level and will have a significant impact on the development of the local economy, supporting efforts to diversify the economy, build talent and attract foreign investment.

The new world-class datacentre is open for business with Microsoft Azure and Microsoft 365 available.

Customers can begin leveraging Microsoft Azure, a cloud computing platform, to develop advanced applications using AI, data and analytics, Internet of Things (IoT) and hybrid capabilities with advanced digital security, as well as Microsoft 365, the world’s foremost productivity cloud.

MCIT, through its national initiatives such as TASMU PLATFORM and Qatar Digital Government, along with the Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy and many other entities, are already using the Microsoft cloud to develop their digital capabilities.

The Microsoft cloud datacentre region in Qatar is expected to drive growth for the more than 100 Microsoft partners in the country, as well as for

global partners looking to establish in the country.

Microsoft partners including Ooredoo, Vodafone, PWC, Malomatia, Intel and Starlink are already using the Microsoft services to deliver transformative solutions and drive customer success.

Later, in October 2022, MCIT awarded the framework agreement of cloud computing services for the government sector to Google Cloud, to accelerate digital transformation in the country.

MCIT and Google Cloud will work together on projects and initiatives to enhance digital transformation in accordance with Qatar National Vision 2030 and use the capabilities of cloud computing on a larger scale. MCIT’s strategy is to employ technology in the service of innovation and creativity through cloud computing technology and AI to offer computing, networking, storage and flexibility services needed to develop and manage applications and big data.

HE Mohammed bin Ali Al Mannai, Minister of Communications and Information Technology said: 'MCIT is proud to strengthen and enhance its strategic partnerships with major international companies specialised in the digital sector, in an effort to advance this vital sector for the benefit of the national economy and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in line with Qatar National Vision 2030.'

Thomas Kurian, CEO of Google Cloud, said: 'Google Cloud technologies that the government of Qatar can leverage, such as data and analytics, AI, machine learning (ML), infrastructure, application modernisation, and highly-tailored industry solutions, will help boost innovation across the country.'

MCIT and Microsoft then announced in February 2023 the activation of OpenAI GPT technology powered by the Azure cloud. This means that government entities will now have access to the most advanced AI models in the world to innovate, create and develop applications and improve efficiency.

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AI to improve operational efficiency and enhance customer experience.

The launch of the OpenAI GPT feature aligns with MCIT’s aim to provide government entities with the latest technologies and support their digital transformation journey, as per Qatar National Vision 2030. Large-scale AI models are quickly becoming an essential platform to find creative, innovative solutions for the issues and challenges faced by institutions.

This is also in line with the National Artificial Intelligence Strategy, under which the Qatar e-Government Portal 'Hukoomi' will be among the first portals in the region to adopt OpenAI GPT capabilities via Azure. This will improve user experience, deliver unprecedented levels of efficiency and speed, and raise the quality and performance of the portal.

Kahramaa also adopts new technology In March 2023, the Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (Kahramaa), in collaboration with Microsoft and KPMG, launched a new largescale platform backed by cloud computing and

Speaking at the launch, HE Eng Essa bin Hilal Al Kuwari, President of Kahramaa, affirmed the strategic importance of adopting advanced technologies, in order to upgrade the quality of operations. 'Kahramaa places great significance on comprehensive digital transformation and is keen on achieving corporate excellence in line with the development pillars of the Qatar National Vision 2030 and Qatar Digital Government Strategy. This project adds tremendous value and represents a new model in government institutions. It supports transparency, accelerates modernisation processes, and encourages advanced digital solutions’ adoption and localisation, contributing to the Qatari excellence which has become a global standard of competence.'

Speaking at a press conference following the launch, Eng Mohammed Mubarak Al Badr, Assistant Manager IT Smart Solutions at Kahramaa, commented that this new collaboration would represent a step forward in improving customers’ experiences. 'I believe adopting such technology will further develop the cloud computing services integrated in Kahramaa's work, especially in relation to big data analysis and machine learning.'

Al Badr further stated that the platform would aid in analysing electricity and water consumption patterns in the country, leading to better decision-making and strategic planning for the production and distribution of Kahramaa services.

Kahramaa is a pioneer in digital transformation in Qatar, providing customers with a wide range of easy digital solutions, and supporting the country’s development priorities with modern, reliable infrastructure.

What is GPT? Generative Pre-trained Transformer technology (GPT) is a language model released in 2020 that uses deep learning to produce human-like text. Using any initial text like a phrase or sentence, it will then produce text that continues the prompt.

GPT-3 is the third-generation language prediction model in the GPT series, the successor to GPT-2 created by OpenAI, a San Francisco-based artificial intelligence research laboratory. GPT-3 was introduced in May 2020 and is part of a trend in natural language processing (NLP) systems of pre-trained language representations.

According to OpenAI, over 300 apps are using GPT-3 across a number of categories and industries, everything from education to creativity and games. OpenAI is continuously looking to exploit new capabilities of GPT-3 and actively invites users and developers to interact with them.

By introducing the OpenAI GPT-3 language platform, does this then mean that ministries will be using virtual assistants on their websites like ChatGPT for online customer support services? It will be interesting to see what MCIT will launch next in Qatar! m ©

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The Hydrocarbon Industry

The Hydrocarbon Industry

Qatar has the world's third largest proven natural gas reserve and is the second-largest exporter of natural gas, according to the CIA World Factbook.

Petroleum and natural gas are the basis of Qatar's economy: more than 70% of total government revenue, over 60% of gross domestic product, and around 85% of export earnings.

The State continues to focus on the energy sector as an important source of national revenue, increasing natural gas production levels and supplying 25% of the world’s total liquefied natural gas (LNG). This has positioned Qatar as the largest producer and exporter of LNG in the world and provides one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. This is due in part to the completion of Phase 1 of Qatargas' North Field gas development in 1991, leading to exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The North Field Expansion Project – the industry's largest ever LNG project – looks to boost production and revenues even further.

Many projects are joint ventures between the national corporation, QatarEnergy, and international entities. Under Qatarisation, joint venture industries and government departments aim to place Qatari nationals in senior management positions, an initiative that has been embraced by the hydrocarbon sector.

Qatar was a member of OPEC for nearly 60 years until January 2019. HE Saad Sherida Al Kaabi, Minister of State for Energy Affairs and President and CEO of QatarEnergy, stated at the time that Qatar’s exit from OPEC was 'not political' and that 'the withdrawal decision reflects Qatar’s desire to focus its efforts on plans to develop and increase its natural gas production from 77 mn tonnes per year to 110 mn tonnes in the coming years.' Qatar is the first Gulf country to leave OPEC.

Qatar's Energy Companies QatarEnergy Formerly known as Qatar Petroleum, the company rebranded in late 2021 to reflect its new vision of adapting its direction and strategic objectives. The integrated national oil corporation is responsible for the sustainable development of Qatar’s oil and gas resources. QatarEnergy (QE) is also spearheading the energy and industry sector’s Strategic Qatarisation Plan to maximise the employment of Qatari nationals. ​​The first well, Dukhan 1, was drilled in 1939. In 1949 the first crude exports began and the first offshore concessions were granted. In 1960, Idd Al Shargi and Maydan Mahzam fields were discovered. The largest offshore field, Bul Hanine, was discovered in 1970 and came onstream in 1972.

QatarEnergy’s activities encompass the entire oil and gas value chain locally, regionally, and internationally, and include the exploration, refining, production, marketing and sales of oil and gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), natural gas liquids (NGL), gas-to-liquids (GTL) products, refined products, petrochemicals, fertilisers, steel and aluminium. Operations are onshore at Doha, Dukhan, Mesaieed Industrial City and Ras Laffan Industrial City, as well as offshore at Halul Island, offshore production stations, drilling platforms, and the North Field.

QE has signed Exploration and Production Sharing Agreements and Development and Production Sharing Agreements with major international oil and gas companies, including Elf Aquitaine/Total, Anadarko Qatar, Maersk Oil Qatar, Occidental Petroleum Qatar, Qatar Petroleum Development, Talisman Energy Qatar, GDF Suez, China National Offshore Oil Corp and Qatar Shell.

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Ongoing projects include: • The Barzan Gas Project to develop approximately 1.9 bn cubic feet per day (cfpd) of North Field wellhead gas, and 1.4 bn cfpd of sales gas for the domestic market in addition to associated condensate ethane, LPG and sulfur.

• Redevelopment of the Bul Hanine offshore oil field to prolong the field’s life by countering production decline and doubling oil production.

• The North Field Expansion Project, with four new LNG trains to raise LNG production capacity from 77 mn tons per annum (MTPA) to 110 MTPA, as well as 4,000 tons per day (tpd) of ethane, 260,000 barrels per day (bpd) of condensate, 11,000 tpd of LPG, and approximately 20 tpd of pure helium.

QatarEnergy’s Industrial Cities Directorate QatarEnergy​'s Industrial Cities are developed and operated according to international standards for the sector, with a focus on health and safety and sustainable development practices.​ Ras Laffan Industrial City (RLIC) is 80 km from Doha along the northeast coast. It was established in 1996 and is now one of the fastest-growing industrial cities in the world. Industries in RLIC: QatarEnergy LNG, Pearl GTL and Oryx GTL, Al Khaleej Gas, Dolphin Energy Limited, Laffan Refinery 1 & 2, Ras Laffan Olefins Company, Ras Laffan Helium, Qatar Power, Ras Girtas Power and Ras Laffan Power, and Erhama Bin Jaber Al Jalahma Shipyard.

QatarEnergy announced in September 2023 that Qatargas is now QatarEnergy LNG. According to HE Saad Sherida Al Kaabi, Minister of State for Energy Affairs, and President and CEO of QatarEnergy, 'this transformation is part of a historic evolution that is reshaping Qatar’s energy industry, particularly through the flagship LNG sector' and will support QatarEnergy’s efforts to raise Qatar’s LNG production capacity to 126 mn tons per annum.

Dukhan Concession Area (DCA) is 80 km west of Doha and produces about 180,000 bpd of oil. Crude oil is exported through the terminal operations department at Mesaieed and also supplied to the QE Refinery, while condensates are sent to the QE Refinery in Mesaieed.

Al Kharsaah Solar PV Power Plant (KSPP), inaugurated by the Amir, HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in October 2022, is 80 km west of Doha, and is the first in Qatar and one of the largest in the region, with a total capacity of 800 megawatts (MW). KSPP covers 10 sq km with more than 1.8 mn solar panels utilising tracking technology to follow the sun's movement to maximise daily production. Robotic arms and treated water clean the solar panels at night to boost production efficiency. The power plant has been developed and is operated by Siraj 1, which is jointly owned 40% by a consortium formed by TotalEnergies (49%) and Marubeni (51%) and 60%

by QE Renewable Solutions. The project includes a 25-year Power Purchase Agreement between Siraj 1 and Kahramaa. KSPP can supply 10% of the country's peak power consumption and will avoid 26 mn tons of CO2 emissions during its lifetime. qatarenergy.qa

The Hydrocarbon Industry

• A new Petrochemicals Complex in Ras Laffan Industrial City with partner Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. The USD6 bn complex will have an ethane cracker with a nameplate capacity of 1.9 mn tons of ethylene per annum, making it the largest ethane cracker in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world.

Mesaieed Industrial City (MIC), 40 km south of Doha, is a hub for petrochemicals, chemical fertilisers, oil refining and metallurgical industries.

Industries in MIC: QE Mesaieed Refinery, Qatar Petrochemical Co, Qatar Fertiliser Co, Qatar Chemical Co, Qatar Steel, Qatar Aluminium Co, Qatar Vinyl Co and Qatar Fuel Additives Co.

North Oil Company (NOC) A joint venture to operate and further develop the Al Shaheen oil field for the next 25 years, owned

by QE (70%) and Total (30%). Al Shaheen oil field is in Qatari waters 80 km north of Ras Laffan with 33 platforms and more than 300 wells, producing around 300,000 barrels of oil per day from Qatar’s largest offshore oil field and one of the largest offshore oil fields in the world. noc.qa

ORYX GTL Ltd Established in 2003 to develop, construct, and operate Qatar’s first GTL plant, converting natural gas into high quality GTL products including diesel, naphtha, and LPG. ORYX GTL is a 51:49 joint venture between QE and Sasol Middle East and India, manufacturing more than 32,400 bpd of high specification GTL diesel, naphtha and LPG. The naphtha is exported from Ras Laffan and marketed by Qatar International Petroleum Marketing Co (Tasweeq) to customers in the Middle East and Far East. oryxgtl.com.qa ©

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The Hydrocarbon Industry

QatarEnergy LNG

Qatar Fuel Additives Company Limited (QAFAC)

Established in 1984 as Qatargas, production began in 1996. The company rebranded in September 2023 to QatarEnergy LNG. The largest LNG producer in the world, the company currently operates 14 LNG production trains. QatarEnergy LNG now delivers cargos to 31 countries to meet the world’s demand for safe, reliable and clean energy.

Additionally, QatarEnergy LNG is a leading exporter of natural gas, helium, condensate and associated products. QatarEnergy LNG also operates the Jetty Boil-Off Gas facility, Al Khaleej Gas, Barzan Gas, Ras Laffan Helium, the two Laffan Refineries (among the largest condensate refineries in the world), and the Ras Laffan Terminal. qatarenergylng.qa

A Qatari joint stock company operating facilities at MIC for the production of methanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Since the 1960s methanol has been produced from petroleum, naphtha and natural gas, and is a clean energy source and raw material for many everyday items.

The QAFAC methanol plant can produce 2,950 metric tons a day of US Federal Grade AA methanol from the natural gas provided by QE. The majority is exported to the Far East, Europe, India and the GCC region.

Qatar Chemical Company Ltd (Q-Chem) Owned by Mesaieed Petrochemical Holding Company QSC (MPHC) (49%), Chevron Phillips Chemical International Qatar Holdings LLC (49%), and QE (2%). MPHC is majority owned by QE. The Q-Chem facility produces high‑ and medium‑density polyethylene (HDPE and MDPE), 1-hexene and other products, using technology provided by Chevron Phillips Chemical.

The Q‑Chem complex in MIC has a production capacity of 453,000 MTA of polyethylene and a production capacity 47,000 MTA of 1‑hexene. The adjacent Q-Chem II facility produces 350,000 MTA of HDPE. Ras Laffan Olefins Company Ltd, owned

by Q-Chem II, Qatofin and QE, produces 1.3 MTPA of ethylene cracker and is operated by Q‑Chem II. qchem.com.qa

Qatar Fertiliser Company (QAFCO) Incepted in 1969 as a joint venture company to produce chemical fertilisers, the first significant step in Qatar’s industrial diversification programme to utilise its abundant natural gas resources.

QAFCO is now owned by Industries Qatar (IQ) (75%) and Yara Nederland BV (25%). The majority of IQ shares are owned by QE, making QE the ultimate parent of the company.

QAFCO inaugurated its first plant in 1973. Today there are six ammonia and six urea completely integrated trains, a melamine plant and two urea formaldehyde plants. QAFCO is the world’s largest single-site producer of ammonia and urea, with an annual production capacity of 3.8 mn metric tonnes (MT) of ammonia and 5.6 mn MT of urea, exported via Muntajat Co. QAFCO also has two urea formaldehyde plants producing 60,000 MTPA of UFC85, the anti caking agent vital to urea production. The Qatar Melamine Plant is the largest in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world, with a production capacity of 60,000 MTPA. qafco.com

The QAFAC MTBE plant produces around 1,830 metric tons a day by processing methanol from the on-site methanol plant and field butane from QE. It is then used by the QE Refinery at Mesaieed to replace lead in Qatar's gasoline. The main international markets are the Far East, Europe, South America and the GCC. qafac.com.qa

Qatar Fuel Company (WOQOD) QPSC Distributes fuel products within Qatar – diesel and gasoline, marine fuel and aviation fuel – with fuel distribution depots in Mesaimeer and Ras Laffan. WOQOD has a fleet of road tankers, an extensive network of petrol stations, and vessels for supplying marine fuel. Qatar was the first GCC country to convert to fully unleaded gasoline and WOQOD’s diesel has the lowest sulfur content in the region. WOQOD also fulfils Qatar's energy needs with ecofriendly fuel products like LPG and compressed natural gas, and has also diversified into retail marketing with Sidra convenience stores at their fuel stations. woqod.com.qa

Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO) Established in 1974 and a joint venture between IQ (80%) and TotalEnergies (20%). QAPCO is one of the largest manufacturers of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in the region. Joint ventures include Qatar Vinyl Co, Qatofin Co Ltd, and Qatar Plastic Products Co. QAPCO main facilities consist of an ethylene plant (cracker) with a production capacity of up to 830,000 MTPA, three LDPE plants with a total combined production capacity of over 795,000 MTPA, and a sulfur plant with a production capacity of up to 70,000 MTPA. As by-products, the ethylene plant produces LPG with an annual capacity of up to 55,000 MTA and hydrogenated pyrolysis gasoline with a capacity of up to 45,000 MTA. qapco.com

Qatar Plastic & Wooden Products Co (QPPC) Established in 1998 with commercial production commencing in 2000. The company is owned by shareholders QAPCO and Qatar Industrial Manufacturing Co. Around 90% of production is

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sold domestically with the remainder marketed in other Gulf countries and Europe. The production facility is located at MIC, producing plastic film for industrial packaging. The company produces form, fill and seal film, shrinkable film and hood, construction foil, greenhouse and agricultural film, general purpose film, heavy duty trash bags, and wood-plastic composite.

Ras Laffan Power Company Limited QPSC (RLPC) Established in 2001 and the provider of electricity and water in Qatar. RLPC is a joint venture company owned by Qatar Electricity & Water Co (80%), QE (10%) and Gulf Investment Corporation of Kuwait (10%). RLPC has a 25-year Power and Water Purchase Agreement with Kahramaa and a 25-year Fuel and Seawater Supply Agreement with QE. The RLPC plant at RIC contributes 18% of the country’s power supply and 23% of the country’s water supply and is operated by Ras Laffan Operating Co WLL. rlpc.net

International Companies ConocoPhillips

ExxonMobil One of the largest publicly traded international energy refiners and chemical companies. In Qatar, ExxonMobil has partnered with QE to develop the North Field, participating in 12 of the current 14 LNG trains, 27 of the world’s largest LNG ships, and Qatar’s largest condensate refinery. ExxonMobil is the only foreign participant in Al Khaleej Gas and Barzan Gas domestic gas projects. ExxonMobil also has partnered with QE in two LNG receiving terminals in Europe, an export terminal in the US, and in energy projects around the world. The company provides technical and management expertise to QE through technical services and

An international integrated chemicals and energy company that develops and commercialises technologies, and builds and operates world-scale facilities to produce a range of high-value product streams, including liquid fuels, chemicals and low-carbon electricity. In Qatar, Sasol is a 49% shareholder with QE in ORYX GTL, which uses Sasol proprietary GTL technology to convert natural gas into liquid fuel and chemical products. sasol.com

Shell The largest international investor in Qatar. QE and Shell have jointly delivered two of the largest energy projects in the world in RLIC. Pearl Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) is the world’s largest GTL plant, costing USD19 bn, and the largest single investment in the Shell Group’s global portfolio. The Qatargas 4 LNG project (QE 70%, Shell 30%) combines Shell’s global leadership in LNG with Qatar’s position as the world’s largest LNG supplier. The Qatar Shell Research & Technology Centre at QSTP is a world-class research and development facility and learning centre, with USD100 mn invested on programmes in support of energy and the environment. shell.qa

TotalEnergies A broad energy company that produces and markets oil and biofuels, natural gas and green gases, renewables, and electricity. Active in more than 130 countries, TotalEnergies puts sustainable development in all its dimensions at the heart of its projects and operations to contribute to the wellbeing of people. In Qatar, TotalEnergies has been present since 1936, and is active in all areas of Qatar’s oil and gas sector – from exploration and production to refining, petrochemicals, marketing of lubricants, and solar energy. totalenergies.qa m Mesaieed Industrial City

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Checked & Updated October 2023

The world’s largest independent exploration and production company based on proved reserves and production of liquids and natural gas with operations and activities in 20 countries. In Qatar, the ConocoPhillips Global Water Sustainability Center at Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP) focuses on innovative solutions to treat produced water from the oil and gas industry as well as desalination, recycling, awareness and conservation. CSR in Qatar includes the Kulluna Health and Safety campaign, in partnership with Hamad Medical Corporation. conocophillips.com

Sasol

The Hydrocarbon Industry

Qatar Wooden Products Co commenced commercial production in 2013, a fully automatic wooden pallet production line and heat treatment facility able to produce 1.6 mn wooden pallets a year for QAPCO and other petrochemical companies. qppc.net

secondments of ExxonMobil employees, while the ExxonMobil Research Qatar at QSTP conducts research in areas of mutual interest. exxonmobil.com.qa

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Infrastructure in Qatar gas and petrochemicals industries. However the government is diversifying economic development elsewhere, especially in view of fluctuating oil prices.

Spending on infrastructural projects continues to be a focus in the State Budget for 2023, building on the success of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM, and also for the education and healthcare sectors – see Economy in this section for details.

Conferences and Exhibitions

To manage these challenges in effectively, Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030 was first published in 2008. Based on the guiding principles of the Permanent Constitution, it defines the nation’s medium‑to‑long-term objectives and creates a framework for sustainable national strategies.

QNV 2030 rests on four pillars – Human, Social, Economic and Environmental Development – each with clearly defined individual long‑term outcomes yet important inter‑relationships.

Under QNV 2030, all new projects should provide a high standard of living for future generations, with investments in education, research, healthcare, transport and industry, to enable Qatar to sustain its own development by 2030. Plans include an integrated transport system, a major overhaul of roads and highways, drainage and sewage, and the renovation of downtown Doha.

The first wave of specific actions and targets were defined in the Qatar National Development Strategy (NDS) 2011–2016. NDS 2018–2022 has seen many of its goals achieved, despite exposure to abnormal conditions like fluctuating oil prices and the economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Planning and Statistics Authority (PSA) is now preparing NDS 2023–2030.

Economic Strategy Qatar’s economic development aims to create and sustain a competitive and diversified economy capable of meeting the needs of, and securing a high standard of living for, its population now and in the future. The economy has historically been significantly boosted by growth in the oil,

Aiming to be an influential player in the region’s MICE market, the first major facility opened in 2011. The Qatar National Convention Centre, a member of Qatar Foundation (QF) and located in Education City, is one of the largest, most technologically advanced venues in the Middle East, employing environmental and sustainability best practices including LEED gold certification.

Designed by Arata Isozaki, the award-winning venue features a 3D representation of the Sidra tree, symbol of QF. The 200,000 sq m venue has a 40,000 sq m exhibition space, a conference hall for 3,800 delegates and a 2,300‑seat theatre.

Infrastructuree in Qatar

Qatar National Vision As arguably the world’s fastest‑growing economy, Qatar recognises the importance of diversification and sustainability. It also acknowledges the inherent challenges of a rapidly‑increasing population, further industrialisation, and the resultant need for an ever-expanding infrastructure.

Annual business conferences and exhibitions include Project Qatar, Build Your House Exhibition, QITCOM, Cityscape Qatar, Arab Future Cities Summit, Green Building Expo, World Stadium Congress, and trade summits.

The 47,700 sq m Doha Exhibition and Convention Center opened its doors in 2015. The building includes a state-of-the-art exhibition hall, modular wall system, and high-tech meeting and conference rooms. Located in Al Dafna, the venue has five exhibition halls, which can be used as one 29,000 sq m hall thanks to a unique wall partition system.

The 18-metre high ceiling is supported by a revolutionary cantilever roof and is pillar-free.

Spectacular Buildings Dramatic changes to Doha’s skyline have seen glass and concrete towers built with materials imported from all over the world.

The population has increased from nearly 1.7 mn in 2010 to around 3 mn in August 2023, with people mainly living in and around Doha. Just 50+ years ago the 20,000 population of Doha lived and worked in single or two‑storey structures on the narrow streets of what was just a small town on the southern shore of Doha Bay. In the 1970s, as the country changed from fishing and pearl diving to oil production and export, the decision was taken to reshape Doha Bay, extend the waterfront and expand the town area by ©

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reclaiming land. The area now known as Al Dafna (or ‘West Bay’) was dredged from the sea and the first building was the iconic Sheraton hotel.

Infrastructure in Qatar

Demand for town centre real estate has grown, with more luxurious living and working environments, forcing the city upwards. The traditional inwardlooking, small‑windowed, courtyard dwellings – cooled naturally or via a wind tower and vented walls – reflect the limitations of building materials and technology at the time. Now developments in glass technology and energy‑efficient, eco‑friendly air conditioning allows Qatar to build green.

Developments to Infrastructure Qatar continues to undertake projects to satisfy QNV 2030 and the football event's legacy mode, good news for local and international businesses.

Qatar is increasingly adopting sustainable practices and green building standards. Efforts like the implementation of the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS) developed by the Gulf Organisation for Research & Development (GORD) oversees sustainable construction.

According to GSAS, 75% of solid waste comes from construction and demolition; if the GSAS construction management system is adopted, 59% of the total solid waste generated in Qatar could be diverted.

GSAS has been incorporated into Qatar Construction Specifications and it is mandatory for all private and public sector projects to get GSAS certification. GSAS partners include Qatar Rail, Ashghal, Qatar Foundation, the Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, the Primary Health Care Corporation, Kahramaa and Qatar Museums. gsas.gord.qa The public-private partnership (PPP) law, approved by the Cabinet in 2019, also supports projects connected to QNV 2030. The PPPs will be used for a variety of sectors, including healthcare, education, sports, real estate and infrastructure.

The State Budget for 2023 was announced in December 2022, with figures based on an average oil price of USD65 a barrel, up from USD55 in the 2022 budget. The total revenue estimate is QAR228 bn, a 16.3% increase compared to 2022.

Expenditures will decrease by 2.6% to QAR199 bn, due to an end in expenses for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM. The State will continue work on development projects related to infrastructure, citizens’ land development and public services, with 22 new projects to be implemented in 2023 costing QAR9.8 bn. Read more about the 2023 State Budget in Economy, in this section.

Public Works Authority ashghal.gov.qa

The Public Works Authority (Ashghal) was established in 2004 for the planning, design, procurement, construction, delivery, and asset management of all infrastructure projects and public buildings in Qatar. Ashghal strives to incorporate sustainability and environmental protection in its projects, as part of its commitment to play a vital role in QNV 2030.

Ashghal launched its Corporate Strategy 2018– 2022 under the authority's new vision ‘Excellence in delivering and managing efficient sustainable infrastructure’, with 10 objectives to accomplish its mission of ‘continuously enhancing customer satisfaction through leading project and asset management services and solutions’.

Ashghal’s key infrastructure projects include: Expressway Programme; Local Areas Infrastructure Programme; Drainage Networks; Buildings; and Projects of the Supervisory Committee of Beautification of Roads and Public Places in Qatar.

In 2023, Ashghal has tendered new projects to include 22 buildings with an approximate value of QAR4.1 bn. Ten projects are under implementation, including the development of Hamad General Hospital, the establishment of the Madinat Khalifa Health Center and Qatar Sidra Academy, and the rehabilitation of the Ministry of Municipality's veterinary laboratory building. There are six other projects under design, which includes the courts complex and the Courts of Appeal and Cassation, the main post office building in Thumama, and the land transport customs building.

Qatar General Electricity & Water Corporation km.com.qa

The corporation, known as Kahramaa, was established in 2000 under the Ministry of Energy and Industry to regulate and maintain the supply of electricity and water to its customers. Kahramaa transferred ownership of its stations to Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC) in 2002.

In 2018 the Minister of State for Energy Affairs, HE Saad Sherida Al Kaabi, assumed responsibility for Kahramaa as part of his remit to oversee the regular and sustainable supply of energy, power and water for domestic purposes.

Kahramaa has spent QAR38 bn to meet increasing demands to the electricity and water supply, with a further QAR6 bn to be invested after 2022. This includes five mega water reservoirs to be online by 2026 providing storage for 2,300 mn gallons of water, while the power generation phase will produce 2,520 megawatts of electricity. The plant will add around 30% water and 25% electricity for local demand once fully completed.

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Installed under the Smart Metering Infrastructure Project, 600,000 advanced digital meters will allow customers to monitor their consumption. This is in line with the corporation's National Program for Conservation and Energy Efficiency (Tarsheed), which celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2022 and saved QAR4 bn during its second phase. The third phase will run from 2022 until 2030.

Selected Megaprojects in Qatar FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM Legacy Mode

qatar2022.qa Previously known as the Qatar 2022 Supreme Committee, the Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy (SC) signed stakeholder agreements with Qatar Rail, Ashghal, Kahramaa, Aspire Zone Federation and Qatari Diar, for projects to deliver the infrastructure for the event.

The stadiums were designed by the world's leading architects, reflecting aspects of Qatari culture, and taking into consideration three priorities: access and comfort, sustainability, and post-tournament legacy. Eight stadiums welcomed the world in November/December 2022: • Khalifa International Stadium • Al Janoub Stadium • Al Bayt Stadium • Education City Stadium • Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium • Al Thumama Stadium • Stadium 974 (previously Ras Abu Aboud Stadium) • Lusail Stadium.

Sustainability was an integral part of the project, with FIFA, SC and the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 LLC (Q22) continuously updating stakeholders on tournament sustainability efforts. Optimum dustcontrol strategies were followed to reduce air pollution during construction, achieving a minimum four-star rating under the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS) for design, construction and facility management, in addition to obtaining a gold certificate for its operations. More than 80% of waste from the stadiums, some 2,000 tonnes, was recycled or composted during the event.

The World Cup's first temporary stadium, Stadium 974, will be entirely dismantled, while Lusail Stadium will have most of its seats stripped away and repurposed. The upper tiers will be transformed into housing, and the pitch will be used for community games.

Al Bayt Stadium, the second largest, will have the upper tiers removed and replaced by a hotel, shopping centre and sports medicine hospital.

Ahmad bin Ali, Al Janoub and Al Thumama Stadiums will have capacity cut to 20,000 spectators. Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium will become home to Al Rayyan FC, while Al Wakra FC will move to Al Janoub Stadium. Education City Stadium will also be cut to 20,000 capacity and become a sports ground for university students.

Infrastructuree in Qatar

In 2020, Kahramaa awarded a QAR1.7 bn contract to develop the country’s first utility-scale solar PV project to Japan’s Marubeni and France’s TotalEnergies. The 800MW solar PV independent power producer scheme is on a 10 sq km plot in Al Kharsaah, west of Doha. The project is owned and operated by Siraj 1 SPV, a consortium owned

by TotalEnergies & Marubeni (40%) and Siraj Energy (60%), the latter being a joint venture between QatarEnergy and QEWC. The solar power plant was inaugurated in October 2022. It is expected to generate almost 2,000,000 MWh during its first year, the energy consumption of approximately 55,000 households, and reduce 26 mn tonnes of CO2 during its lifetime.

Much of the State Budget was previously devoted towards stadium construction and associated infrastructure. Expenditure will now be allocated towards fulfilling legacy plans to create unique community hubs around the stadiums. The designs of the stadiums enable them to be easily converted into public facilities after the tournament and for parts of the stadiums to be sent overseas to those countries in need of sports infrastructure.

There is already much in use in the precincts at Al Janoub, Al Bayt and Ahmad Bin Ali Stadiums.

On Qatar National Sport Day 2020, public parks at Al Janoub and Al Bayt opened with vast green spaces, children’s play areas, exercise stations, restaurants, and cycling tracks. Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium is the home of Al Rayyan Sports Club, enabling amateur athletes and the public to use the running and cycling tracks, cricket pitches, tennis court and padel courts, outdoor gym facilities, skate park and aquatics centre.

Only Khalifa International Stadium will remain as it is. Originally built in 1976 and having received a number of upgrades, it will continue to host more international sporting events.

Qatar Integrated Rail Project corp.qr.com.qa Following its establishment in 2011, Qatar Railways Company (Qatar Rail) is leading one of the largest rail projects in the world to meet the demands of Qatar’s dynamic and growing population. The company is responsible for the design, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance of the entire network and systems.

The state-of-the-art railway network currently consists of Doha Metro, a rapid transit system connecting communities within Doha and its suburbs, and Lusail Tram, a service for convenient travel within the new city of Lusail. ©

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The Doha Metro: Three lines cover the Greater Doha area with connections to commercial and residential areas throughout the city. In central Doha, the Metro network is mainly underground, while at the outskirts it is at ground level or elevated. The main interchange is at Msheireb Downtown Doha. Conducted over multiple phases, phase one has three lines now open to the public:

• The Green Line runs east from Al Riffa to Al Mansoura in the west.

• The Gold Line runs from Ras Bu Abboud to Al Aziziya.

Lusail Tram: An integrated transportation system serving Lusail City, a state-of-the art tram based system connecting major points of interest in the city. The tram is designed to travel on streets, sharing road-space with other traffic and pedestrians. The project has four lines and 25 stations, with two interchange stations allowing passengers to access the Doha Metro.

Lusail City lusail.com

One of the largest projects in Qatar costing an estimated QAR163.8 bn, Lusail City is developed

by Lusail Real Estate Development Company (LREDC), a subsidiary of the Qatari Diar Real Estate Investment Company, itself a subsidiary of Qatar Investment Authority. Spanning 38 sq km north of Doha, Lusail City is planned to accommodate more than 450,000 residents and visitors.

Msheireb Downtown Doha msheireb.com

The flagship project of Msheireb Properties, a subsidiary of Qatar Foundation, Msheireb Downtown Doha (MDD) is the world’s first sustainable downtown regeneration project, the QAR20 bn restoration of a 31 hectare site.

Hamad International Airport

dohahamadairport.com Qatar's world-class airport revealed plans for its second expansion phase in 2019.

Phase A included increasing the terminal space to 125,000 sq m, the indoor tropical garden ORCHARD, four new lounges, increased retail and F&B areas, and a new transfer area at Concourse C to reduce connection times. This phase officially opened in October 2022, allowing annual passenger handling capacity to increase to 58 mn.

Phase B began in January 2023 and will extend Concourses D and E to increase capacity to over 70 mn passengers per annum. The expansion project also includes the construction of a new cargo terminal, which will boost handling capacity to 3.2 mn tonnes per annum.

The airport works with the Ministry of Municipality to achieve goals under QNV 2030. This includes improving carbon efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and modernising the waste management process. The ORCHARD, Oryx Garden Hotel and north plaza lounges, Al Mourjan Business lounge – The Garden, and the Remote Transfer Baggage Facility have achieved a 4-star rating under the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS) from Gulf Organization for Research & Development (GORD). m

Msheireb means ‘a place to drink water’ in Arabic, and is the historical name of downtown Doha. The 'smart city with soul' is aiming for Gold or Platinum LEED Certification. The Doha Design District, a new design and innovation hub, will grant free zone status to occupants from a multitude of business sectors.

Checked & Updated October 2023

Launched in 2004, features include residential and commercial areas, parks, marinas, five-star hotels, a luxury mall, beach clubs, a waterpark, supermarkets and abundant dining options. Read more about Lusail City in Discovering Qatar.

MDD is the central interchange for the Doha Metro, with other methods of transportation underground for a pedestrian‑friendly atmosphere.

The MDD tram is available to transport visitors.

Read more about MDD in Discovering Qatar.

Infrastructuree in Qatar

Infrastructure in Qatar

• The Red Line runs from Al Wakra in the south to Lusail City in the north, with a connection to Hamad International Airport and transfer to the Lusail Tram at Legtaifiya and Lusail stations.

areas. Barahat Msheireb is the region’s largest covered public square, anchored by the Cultural Forum and the Mandarin Oriental Doha hotel. The Heritage quarter features four historic houses that have been restored and turned into museums. The Diwan Amiri quarter comprises the Diwan Annexe, Amiri Guard building and Qatar National Archive, while Sikkat Wadi Msheireb is fully pedestrianised between the Alwadi Hotel Doha MGallery Hotel Collection and the Park Hyatt Hotel.

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FEATURE

The Ports of Qatar

By Ola Diab Qatar has invested in the development of world-class ports such as Hamad Port, Doha Port and Al Ruwais Port. To showcase that development and the maritime history of Qatar, Mwani Qatar has opened the new Hamad Port Visitors Centre.

Q

atar is one of the fastest-growing economies and highest GDPs in the world. Its economic prosperity is hinged on its petroleum, natural gas and oil industries, and the country is one of the biggest LNG exporters in the world.

As a peninsula, Qatar is surrounded by the waters of the Arabian Gulf, allowing various entry and exit points to and from Qatar. The country has invested in the development of world-class port facilities and its maritime trade sector has strengthened manifold as it has opened new trade routes and diversified its supply sources.

The world’s biggest shipping corporations operate in almost all of Qatar’s ports and terminals. The country is home to at least five major ports: Hamad Port, Doha Port, Mesaieed Port, Ras Laffan Port and Al Ruwais Port. Qatar’s largest ports – Hamad Port, Doha Port and Al Ruwais Port – are operated

by Mwani Qatar.

Mwani Qatar is responsible for managing the nation’s seaports and shipping terminals, but the integrated port and logistics services provider is also playing a more pivotal role. By substantially developing Hamad Port, the company is not only strongly positioned to develop a regional shipping hub in the region, but also to play a major role in diversifying the Qatari economy ready for a post-hydrocarbon future.

Hamad Port

Hamad Port Located south of Doha in Umm Al Houl, Hamad Port is the world's largest greenfield port-development project, constructing a new world-class commercial port in Qatar. Although operations of Hamad Port commenced in December 2016, the official inauguration of the port took place on 5 September 2017 under the auspices of the Amir HH Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani. Managed by Mwani Qatar, under the supervision of the Ministry of Transport, Hamad Port is one of the largest ports in the Middle East with annual capacity of 7.5 mn 20-foot equivalent unit (TEU) and is a long-term, physical manifestation of Qatar National Vision 2030 – a port focusing on the social, economic, environmental and human development of the nation.

By substantially developing Hamad Port, Mwani Qatar is not only strongly positioned to develop a regional shipping hub in the GCC, but also to play a major role in diversifying the Qatari economy ready for a post-hydrocarbon future.

The multi-billion dollar development does not merely offer expanded capacity in the form of three container terminals, but also brings a host of new, sector-specific capabilities. Alongside general cargo traffic, the port handles a variety of specialist imports including livestock, automobiles, and bulk grain. Alongside this offering, the port will also host a base for offshore and marine support vessels.

Hamad Port covers 28.5 sq km and will have the yearly capacity for 1.7 mn tonnes of general freight and 1 mn tonnes of grain, with a specialist terminal supporting the entry of around 500,000 vehicles per year. The first of the three container terminals is currently operational and has an optimum capacity of 2 mn TEUs per year, eventually increasing to over 7.5 mn. This will then be supported by transshipment links by rail, sea and road to the region.

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Hamad Port Visitors Centre

Hamad Port Visitors Centre Aquarium

Hamad Port is already making a paradigm shift in Qatar’s economic diversification and competitiveness, import and re-export of goods.

of visitors of all ages to learn more about Qatari marine life and Umm Al Houl environment in general.

The oil and gas sector represented through Muntajat exports a number of its shipments via Hamad Port to its final destinations around the world, while Hamad Port is in charge of providing the shipping and unloading services for Muntajat containers from its quays, including product-loaded as well as empty containers. Hamad Port also facilitates and develops the required support services for containers and trunks.

Moreover, the latest technologies for port operation have been applied including the highest standards of safety and security, including a uniquely designed Port Control Tower with a height of 110 m, a customs inspection area for rapid cargo clearance (5,600 containers per day), a ship inspection platform and multiple maritime facilities. As part of Qatar’s major steps toward increasing its non-petroleum exports and building manufacturing industries, a free zone has been established adjacent to Hamad Port. The port has recorded significant milestones, regionally and internationally, in quite a short period of time.

Hamad Port’s strong capabilities, modern facilities, and advanced systems are leading to position Qatar as a re-export hub in the region, increasing the volume of trade between Qatar and the rest of the world.

Hamad Port Visitors Center The new Hamad Port Visitors Centre, which opened in May 2023, is purpose-built to showcase the maritime history and achievements of Qatar. The centre includes a maritime museum, a 4D cinema, virtual simulators, auditorium, a kids play area and an oceanic aquarium, the first of its kind in Qatar.

The Hamad Port Visitors Centre Aquarium is second-to-none in Qatar. Featuring 17 basins of different sizes, the aquarium displays 80 species of fish and aquatic creatures: 3,063 in total. It will be a fun destination for students and all types

The Hamad Port Visitors Centre Maritime Museum was built in an area of 1,284 sq m to tell the fascinating story of Hamad Port, how it operates and its importance in our lives; the story of the shipping containers and containerships; and how Qatar's maritime heritage and trade evolved over the years. The museum also includes simulations where visitors can experience how to dock a ship or lift containers from ships onto the port. There is also a video where visitors can see how the marine life was relocated to create Hamad Port. A total of 4,257 sq m of sea-grass, 139,117 mangroves, 11,595 hard coral colonies and 121 cubic metres of existing reefs were relocated to provide a habitat for resident fish and preserve its ecosystem functionality.

The 4D Cinema is distinguished by its 4D technology, where the seats move with effects in the film that highlights the big picture of the nation’s prestigious port and demonstrates the vision, resources and commitment required to deliver the mega-project Hamad Port in a fun and enjoyable way. Expect your seats to shake, move, and be sprayed with water!

The Hamad Port Visitors Centre also has an Auditorium, which is uniquely designed with a highquality sound system, and 200-tiered seats in a fixed theatre-style set-up designed to provide an optimal experience for the visitors. The centre also has a Gift Shop with a wide selection of special local handmade aquatic gifts and souvenirs. Outside the centre is an outdoor kids play area that allows children to further enjoy their time at the centre with recreational games and rides such as swings, slides, climbers, spring riders, merry-go-rounds, and more.

To visit the Hamad Port Visitors Centre, it is necessary to book a ticket online at visitorscenter.mwani.com.qa at QAR50 per person for adults over age 12; QAR30 per person for children between the age of 5 and 12; children below the age of 5 enter for free. For more information, call 4045 3333 or visit mwani.com.qa m ©

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