Fundamental Physical Constants Mohr, P.; Taylor, B. 4

Bond Dissociation Energies Bond

Do298/kJ mol–1

(10.10) Group 10 Ni–H2O Ni(CO)3−N2 Ni(CO)3−CO Ni−CH3 Ni−C2H2 Ni−C2H4 Ni−propyne Ni−2-butyne Pd−OH trans-Pt(PPh3)2(Cl)−H [Ph2PCH2]2MePt−H [Ph2PCH2]2MePt –OH [Ph2PCH2]2MePt –SH Pt(η5-C5H5)(CH3)2–CH3 cis-Pt(PEt3)2(CH3)–CH3

~29 ~42 104.6 ±8.4 208 ±8 193 ±25 147.3 ±17.6 155 ±21 121 ±21 213 307 ±37 104.6 167.4 90.0 163 ±21 269 ±13

(10.11) Group 11 Cu−OH Cu−CO Cu−CH3 Cu−NH3

>406 25 ±5 223 ±5 47 ±15

9-69 Bond

Cu(NH3)−NH3 Cu−C6H6 Cu(C6H6)−C6H6 Ag−CH3 Ag−NH3 Ag(NH3)−NH3 Au−OH Au−NH3 Au−CH3 Au−C6H6

Do298/kJ mol–1 83.7 ±4.2 16.4 ±12.5 27.0 ±19.3 134.1 ±6.8 8 ±13 62.8 ±4.2 >262 76 ±6 ≥191.6 8.4

(10.12) Group 12 Zn−CH3 Zn(CH3)−CH3 Zn−C2H5 Zn(C2H5)−C2H5 Cd−CH3 Cd(CH3)−CH3 Hg−CH3 Hg(CH3)−CH3 ClHg−CH3 BrHg−CH3

70 ±10 266.5 ±6.3 92.0 ±17.6 219.2 ±8.4 63.6 ±10.0 234.3 ±6.3 22.6 ±12.6 239.3 ±6.3 280.0 ±12.6 270 ±38

IHg−CH3

Bond

(10.13) Group 13 H3B−BH3 H3B−NH3 (CH3)3B−NH3 F3B−N(CH3)3 Cl3B−N(CH3)3 F2B−CH3 Al−OH Al−C2H2 Cl3Al−N(CH3)3 (CH3)3Al−N(CH3)3 (CH3)3Al−O(CH3)2 (CH3)3Ga−O(C2H5)2 Cl3Ga-S(C2H5)2 In−CH3 In(CH3)1−CH3 In(CH3)2−CH3 (CH3)3In−N(CH3)3 Tl−OH

Do298/kJ mol–1 258.6 ±12.6 172 130.1 ±4.2 57.7 ±1.3 130 ±4.6 127.6 397 – 418 547 ±13 >54 198.7 ±8.4 130 92 50.6 ±0.8 235.1 216.3 318.8 587.4 83.3 ±2.1 330 ±30

TABLE 4. Enthalpies of Formation of Free Radicals and Other Transient Species

Reference Yu-Ran Luo, Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies, CRC Press, 2007.

Radical (1) Carbon-Centered Species CH CH2 (triplet) CH2 (singlet) • CH3, methyl • C2H, acetenyl, CH≡C• • C2H2, vinylidene CH2=C•• • C2H3, vinyl, CH2=C•H • C2H5, ethyl, CH3C•H2 • C3H3, propargyl, CH≡CC•H2 • C3H3, CH3C≡C•

C3H3, CH2=C=CH• ↔ CH≡CC•H2 • C3H3, cyclopro-2-en-1-yl • C3H5, allyl, CH2=CHC•H2 • C3H5, CH3CH=C•H • C3H5, CH3C•=CH2 • C3H5, cyclopropyl n-C3H7•, n-propyl, CH3CH2C•H2 i-C3H7•, i-propyl, CH3C•HCH3 • n-C4H3, CH≡CCH=C•H • i-C4H3, CH2=C•C≡CH •

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 595.8 ± 0.6 391.2 ± 1.6 428.8 ± 1.6 146.7 ± 0.3 567.4 ± 2.1 419.7 ± 16.7 299.6 ± 3.3 118.8 ± 1.3 339.0 ± 4.2 515 ± 13 339.0 ± 4.2 439.7 ± 17.2 171.0 ± 3.0 267 ± 6 231.4 279.9 ± 10.5 100 ± 2 88 ± 3 547.3 499.2

Radical • C4H5, CH3C≡CC•H2 • C4H5, CH≡CC•HCH3 • C4H5, •CH=CHCHCH2 • C4H5, CH2=CHC•CH2 • C4H7, CH3CH=CHC•H2 • C4H7, CH2=CHCH2C•H2 • C4H7, CH2=C(CH3)C•H2 • C4H7, CH2=CHC•HCH3 • C4H7, cyclopropylmethyl • C4H7, cyclobutyl n-C4H9•, n-butyl, CH3CH2CH2C•H2 i-C4H9•, i-butyl, (CH3)2CHC•H2 s-C4H9•, s-butyl, CH3C•HCH2CH3 t-C4H9•, t-butyl, (CH3)3C• • C5H3, CH≡C-C≡CC•H2 • C5H3, (CH≡C)2C•H • C5H5, CH2=CHC≡CC•H2 • C5H5, CH2=CH-C•H-C≡CH • C5H5, cyclopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl • C5H7, CH3C≡CC•HCH3 • C5H7, CH≡CC•HC2H5

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 304.5 316.5 364.4 313.3 146 ± 8 192.5 137.9 136.2 213.8 ± 6.7 219.2 ± 4.2 77.8 ± 2.1 70 ± 4 67.8 ± 2.1 48 ± 3 579.1 573.2 351.5 372.4 274.1 ± 7.3 272.8 ± 9.2 277.0 ± 8.4

Radical • C5H7, CH≡CC•(CH3)2 • C5H7, CH2=CHCH=CHC•H2 • C5H7, (CH2=CH)2C•H • C5H7, CH3CH=C=CHC•H2 • C5H7, spiropentyl • C5H7, cyclopent-1-en-3-yl • C5H9, cyclopentyl • C5H9, CH2=CHC•HCH2CH3 • C5H9, CH3CH=CHC•H(CH3) • C5H9, CH3CH=C(CH3)C•H2 • C5H9, CH2=CHC•(CH3)2 • C5H9, CH2=C(CH3)C•H(CH3) • C5H9, CH2=C(C•H2)CH2CH3 • C5H9, CH2=CH(CH2)2C•H2 nC5H11•, CH3CH2CH2CH2C•H2 • C5H11, (C2H5)2C•H • C5H11, (nC3H7)(CH3)C•H • C5H11, (CH3)3C•CH2 • C5H11, (C2H5)(CH3)2C• • C6H5, phenyl • C6H7, cyclohexa-1,3-dien-5-yl • C6H7, cyclohexa-1,4-dien-3-yl • C6H9, CH3C≡CC•(CH3)2

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 257.3 ± 9.2 205.0 ± 12.6 208.0 ± 4.2 278.0 380.7 ± 4.2 160.7 ± 4.2 105.9 ± 4.2 109.6 ± 8.4 92 92.0 87.0 ± 8.4 93.7 114.2 179.5 54.4 47.0 50.2 36.4 ± 8.4 29 330.1 ± 3.3 199.2 201.7 ± 5.0 221.8 ± 9.2

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-70 Radical • C6H9, (CH2=CH)2C•(CH3) • C6H9, cyclohexa-1-en-3-yl • C6H11, CH2=CH(CH2)3C•H2 • C6H11, CH2=CHC•H(CH2)2CH3 • C6H11, CH2=C(CH3)C•(CH3)2 • C6H11, (CH3)2C=C(CH3)C•H2 • C6H11, (CH3)2C=CHC•H(CH3) • C6H11, (Z)CH3CH=CHC•(CH3)2 • C6H11, cyclohexyl nC6H13•, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2C•H2 • C6H13, (nC4H9)(CH3)C•H • C6H13, 2-methyl-2-pentyl • C6H13, 3-methyl-3-pentyl • C6H13, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl • C7H3, (CH≡C)3C• • C7H7, benzyl, C6H5C•H2 • C7H7, quadricyclolan-5-yl • C7H7, quadricyclolan-4-yl • C7H7, norborna-2,5-dien-7-yl • C7H7, cyclohepta-1,3,5-trien7-yl • C7H9, CH2=CH(CH=CH)2CC•H2 • C7H9, (CH2=CH)3C• • C7H11, norborn-1-yl • C7H11, cycloheptenyl • C7H13, cycloheptyl • C7H13, cyclo-[C•(CH3)(CH2)5] • C7H13, cyclo[C•(CH2CH3)(CH2)4] • C7H15, (nC5H11)(CH3)CH• • C7H15, (CH3)2CHCHC•(CH3)2 • C8H7, cubyl • C8H7, C6H5C•=CH2 • C8H7, C6H5CH=CH• • C8H9, C6H5C•H(CH3) • C8H9, C6H5CH2C•H2 • C8H9, p-CH3C6H4C•H2 • C8H9, m-CH3C6H4C•H2 • C8H9, o-CH3C6H4C•H2 • C8H9, 1-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4dienyl • C8H9, 2-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4dienyl • C8H9, 3-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4dienyl • C8H9, 6-vinyl-cyclohexa-2,4dienyl • C8H13, CH2=CHCH=CHC• H(CH2)2CH3 • C8H13, CH2=CHC•H(CH2)3CH=CH2 • C8H13, bicyclooct-1-yl • C8H15, CH2=CHC•H(CH2)4CH3 • C8H15, (E)CH3CH=C•(CH2)4CH3

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 193.7 119.7 158.6 89.0 37.7 ± 6.3 39.7 ± 6.3 47.3 54.4 75.3 ± 6.3 33.5 29.3 3.3 ± 8.4 14.2 3.1 ± 10 784.5 208.0 ± 1.7 578.6 ± 5.4 587.4 ± 5.4 511.7 ± 7.9 285.3 ± 12.6 251.0 274.0 136.4 ± 10.5 119.2 50.6 ± 4.2 22.6 47.0 8.4 –21.8 ± 5.2 831.0 ± 16.7 309.6 387.0 175.7 ± 7.5 236.0 ± 7.5 167.4 167.4 167.4 247.7 ± 14.2 249.8 ± 14.2 269.4 ± 14.2 284.5 ± 14.2 130.5 130.5 92.0 49.8 29.7

Radical

C8H15, (Z)(CH3)2C•CH=CHCH(CH3)2 • C8H15, cyclooctanyl • C8H15, cyclo[C•(CH2CH3)(CH2)5] • C9H7, indenyl • C9H9, indanyl-1 • C9H11, 2,6-dimethylbenzyl • C9H11, 3,6-dimethylbenzyl • C9H11, 3,5-dimethylbenzyl • C9H11, C6H5C•(CH3)2 • C9H11, o-•C6H4C2H5 • C9H17, cyclononanyl • C10H7, naphth-1-yl • C10H7, naphth-2-yl • C10H11, tetralin-1-yl • C10H13, 1-phenyl-but-4-yl • C10H13, (C6H5CH2)(C2H5)C•H • C10H13, (C6H5CH2CH2)(CH3)C•H • C10H13, (C6H5C•HCH2CH2CH3 • C10H15, 1-adamantyl • C10H15, 2-adamantyl • C10H19, cyclodecanyl • C11H9, 1-naphthylmethyl • C11H21, cycloundecanyl • C12H23, cyclododecanyl • C13H9, 9-fluorenyl • C13H11, (C6H5)2C•H • C13H11, 9-methyl-9-fluorenyl • C14H11, 9,10dihydroanthracen-9-yl • C15H11, 9-anthracenylmethyl • C15H11, 9phenanthrenylmethyl • C16H31, CH2=CHC•H(CH2)12CH3 • C19H15, trityl, (C6H5)3C• • C35H25, pentamethylcyclopentadienyl CF CF2 FC•(O) CHF CClF CCl CCl2 ClC•(O) CHCl CClBr CBr CHBr CBr2 CI CI2 • CF3 • CHF2 •

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 9.2

CH2F CClF2 • CCl2F • CBrClF • CHClF • CBrF2 • CCl3 • CHCl2 • CH2Cl • CHBrCl • CHBr2 • CBr2Cl • CBrCl2 • CBr3 • CH2Br • CI3 • CHI2 • CH2I • C2F, FC≡C• • C2Cl, ClC≡C• • C2F3, CF2=C•F • C2F2H, CF2=C•H • C2F2H, CHF=C•F • CCl2H, CHCl=C•Cl • CClH2, CH2=C•Cl • C2F5, CF3C•F2 • C2HF4, CF3C•HF • C2HF4, CHF2C•F2 • C2H2F3, CF3C•H2 • C2H2F3, CHF2C•HF • C2H2F3, CH2FC•F2 • C2H2F2Cl, CF2ClC•H2 • C2H3F2, CH3C•F2 • C2H3F2, CHF2C•H2 • C2H3F2, CH2FC•HF • C2H4F, CH3C•HF • C2H4F, CH2FC•H2 • C2H2F2Cl, CF2ClC•H2 • C2F4Cl, CF2ClC•F2 • C2HF3Cl, CClF2C•HF • C2F4Cl, CF3C•FCl • C2F3Cl2, CF3C•Cl2 • C2F3ClBr, CF3C•ClBr • C2Cl, ClC≡C• • C2Cl3, CCl2=C•Cl • C2Cl5, CCl3C•Cl2 • C2HCl4, CHCl2C•Cl2 • C2HCl4, CCl3C•HCl • C2H2Cl3, CH2ClC•Cl2 • C2H2Cl3, CHCl2C•HCl • C2H2Cl3, CCl3C•H2 • C2H3Cl2, CH3C•Cl2 • C2H3Cl2, CH2ClC•ClH • C2H3Cl2, CHCl2C•H2 • C2H4Cl, CH3C•HCl •

•

59.4 10.0 297.1 204.2 ± 8.4 124.7 124.7 124.7 133.9 ± 4.2 279.5 ± 7.5 52.3 401.7 ± 5.4 400.4 ± 5.9 154.8 ± 5.0 192.0 184.5 184.5 134.7 51.5 61.9 32.2 252.7 7.5 –38.5 297.5 302.1 ± 4.2 268.2 261.0 337.6 311.3 –118.8 392.0 ± 8.4 67.4 255.2 ± 8 –182.0 ± 6.3 –161.2 ± 8.4 143.0 ± 12.6 31.0 ± 13.4 443.1 ± 13.0 226 –21.8 ± 2.5 326.4 ± 8.4 267 510 ± 63 373 ± 18 343.5 570 ± 35 468 ± 60 –465.7 ± 2.1 –238.9 ± 4.2

Radical

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 –31.8 ± 4.2 –279.0 ± 8.4 –89.0 ± 8.4 –35.5 ± 6.3 –60.7 ± 10.0 –224.7 ± 12.6 71.1 ± 2.5 87.1 ± 1.6 117.2 ± 2.9 140 ± 4 188.3 ± 9.2 163 ± 8 124 ± 8 214.8 171.1 ± 2.7 424.9 ± 2.8 314.4 ± 3.3 229.7 ± 8.4 460.0 ± 21.0 568 ± 26 –192.0 ± 8.4 –92.9 ± 8.4 –50.6 ± 8.4 234.7 ± 8.4 >251 –892.9 ± 4.2 –680.8 ± 9.6 –664.8 –517.1 ± 8.4 –456.0 –449.8 –310.9 ± 7.0 –302.5 ± 8.4 –285.8 –238.5 –70.3 ± 8.4 –59.4 ± 8.4 –315.2 ± 6 –686.0 –450.6 ± 12.6 –728.0 –564.0 –504.2 ± 8.4 534 ± 50 190 ± 50 35.1 ± 5.4 23.4 ± 8.4 51.0 26.4 46.4 71.5 ± 8 42.5 ± 1.7 65.3 90.1 ± 0.8 76.5 ± 1.6

Bond Dissociation Energies Radical • C2H4Cl, CH2ClC•H2 • C2H3Br2, CH3C•Br2 • C2H4Br, BrCH2C•H2 • C2H4Br, CH3C•HBr • C2Br, CBrC• • C2Br3, CBr2C•Br • C2Br5, CBr3C•Br2 • C3H6Cl, CH3CH2C•HCl • C3H6Cl, CH3C•ClCH3 • C3H6Br, C•H2CH2CH2Br • C3H6Br, CH3C•HCH2Br • C3H6Br, CH3CH2C•HBr • C6F5 • CH3O, HOC•H2 • CH2ClO, HOC•ClH • CHCl2O, HOC•Cl2 • CH2ClO, ClOC•H2 • CH2BrO, BrOC•H2 • C2H3O, C•H=CHOH • C2H3O, C•H2CHO • C2H5O, CH3C•HOH • C2H4ClO, CH3C•ClOH • C2H4ClO, C•H2CHClOH • C2H3Cl2O, C•H2CCl2OH • C2H5O, C•H2CH2OH • C2H3O, oxiran-2-yl • C3H5O,CH2=CHC•HOH • C3H7O, CH3CH2C•HOH • C3H7O, (CH3)C•HCH2OH • C3H7O, HOCH2CH2C•H2 • C3H7O, (CH3)2C•OH • C3H7O, •CH2CH(OH)CH3 • C4H9O, •CH2C(OH)(CH3)2 • C2H5O3, C•H2OCH2OOH PhCH•OH Ph2C•OH • C2H5O, CH3OC•H2 • C3H7O, CH3OC•HCH3 • C3H7O, CH3CH2OC•H2 • C3H7O, C•H2CH2OCH3 • C4H9O, (CH3)2CHOC•H2 • C4H9O, CH3CH2OC•HCH3 • C4H9O, C•H2CH(CH3)OCH3 • C4H9O, (CH3)2C•OCH3 • C5H11O, (CH3)3COC•H2 • C2H5O2, HOCH2C•HOH C•H=C=O, ketenyl HC•(O) C•CO CH3C•(O) CF3C•(O) CH2ClC•(O) CHCl2C•(O) CCl3C•(O) CH3CH2C•(O)

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 93.0 ± 2.4 140.2 ± 5.4 135.1 126.8 623.8 385.3 283.3 56.6 29.9 ± 0.6 120.1 ± 1.3 96.7 ± 5.9 107.5 ± 2.5 –547.7 ± 8.4 –17.0 ± 0.7 –60.7 ± 7.5 –94.1 ± 7.5 135.6 ± 9.2 151 ± 16 121 ± 11 13.0 ± 2 –54.0 –108.4 ± 8.8 –73.2 ± 8.8 –99.6 ± 8.8 –31 ± 7 149.8 ± 6.3 0 ± 8.4 –81 ± 4 –78.7 ± 8.4 –66.9 ± 8.4 –96.4 –62.8 ± 11.7 –147.3 ± 8.4 109.6 ± 4.2 29.3 ± 8.4 152.3 ± 6.3 0 ± 4.2 –57.7 ± 8.4 –45.2 ± 8.4 –7.1 ± 4.2 –70.3 ± 7.1 –81.2 ± 4.2 –42.3 ± 3.8 –72.4 ± 10 –102.5 ± 8.4 –220.1 ± 8.4 177.5 ± 8.8 42.5 ± 0.5 381.2 ± 2.1 –10.3 ± 1.8 –608.7 –21 ± 12.6 –17.6 ± 23 –19.7 –31.7 ± 3.4

9-71 Radical CH2CHC•(O) CH2C(CH3)C•(O) CH3CH2CH2C•(O) (CH3)2CHC•(O) (CH3)3CC•(O) C6H5C•(O) HC(O)CH2• ClC(O)CH2• E-C•HClC(O)H Z-C•HClC(O)H C•Cl2C(O)H E-C•HClC(O)Cl C•H2C(O)F Z-C•HClC(O)Cl C•Cl2C(O)Cl CH3C(O)CH2• CH3C(O)C•HCH3 CH3C(O)C•=CH2 C2H5C(O)C•HCH3 iPrC(O)C•(CH3)2 tC4H9C(O)C•H2 PhC(O)C•H2 PhC(O)C•HCH3 PhC•HC(O)CH2Ph PhC(O)OC•H2 • C(O)OH-trans • C(O)OH-cis • C(O)OCH3 C•H2C(O)OH C•H(CH3)C(O)OH C•H2C(O)OCH3 C•H2C(O)OCH2CH3 C•H2C(O)OPh • C4H7O, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl • C4H8O, cyclopentanon-2-yl • C4H7O2, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl • C7H5O2, 2-C(O)OH-•C6H4 • C7H5O2, 3-C(O)OH-•C6H4 • C7H5O2, 4-C(O)OH-•C6H4 • CH3O2, C•H2OOH • C2H5O2, C•H2CH2OOH • C2H5O2, CH3CH•OOH • C3H7O2, CH3CH•CH2OOH • C3H7O2, C•H2CH(OOH)CH3 • C4H9O2, (CH3)2C•CH2OOH • C4H9O2, C•H2C(CH3)2OOH • C2H3O3, C•H2C(O)OOH • CHN2 • CH2N=CH2 • CH2NH2 CH3C•HNH2 (CH3)2C•NH2 • CH2NHCH3 • CH2N(CH3)2 (C2H5)2NC•HCH3

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 88.5 58.6 ± 16.7 54.4 ± 4.2 –64.0 ± 3.8 –102.9 ± 6.3 116.3 ± 10.9 10.5 ± 9.2 –52.7 ± 13 –27.2 ± 10.5 –23.4 ± 10.5 –55.6 ± 14.2 –88.7 ± 15.1 –273.0 ± 5.8 –84.9 ± 13.8 –101.7 ± 15.5 –34 ± 3 –70.3 ± 7.1 113.4 –107.5 ± 20.9 –173.6 ± 20.9 –115.5 ± 12.6 84.5 ± 12.6 41.4 ± 20.9 134.3 ± 20.9 –69.9 ≥–194.6 ± 2.9 –219.7 –161.5 –248.9 ± 12.0 –293 ± 3 –236.8 ± 8.4 –260.2 ± 12.6 –28.0 –18.0 ± 6.3 –41.8 ± 12.6 –131.8 ± 12.6 –33.0 –35.0 –36.0 66.1 46.0 ± 4.6 26.9 10.9 ± 5.4 2.9 ± 6.3 –30.1 ± 5.4 –26.8 ± 5.4 –137.9 494.5 263.6 ± 12.6 151.9 ± 8.4 111.7 ± 8.4 69.9 ± 8.4 156.6 148.0 68.6 ± 2.1

Radical • CH2N(CH3)Ph • CN • CH2CN CH3C•HCN • CH2CH2CN (CH3)2C•CN Ph(CH3)C•CN NCC•HCH2CN • CH2NC • C(O)NC • C(O)NH2 C•NN HC•NN H2C•NN • CH2NO • CH2NO2 CH3C•HNO2 (CH3)2C•NO2 PhC•HNO2 • C6H6N, 3-NH2-C6H4 • C6H6N, 4-NH2-C6H4 • C6H4NO2, 3-NO2-C6H4 • C6H4NO2, 4-NO2-C6H4 • C6H4CH3, 2-Me-C6H4 • C6H4CH3, 4-Me-C6H4 • C6H3N2O4, 3,5-(NO2)2-C6H3 • C7H6NO2, 2-Me-4-NO2-C6H3 • C4H3N, pyrrol-2-yl • C4H3N, pyrrol-3-yl • C4H8N, pyrrolidin-2-yl • C5H4N, pyrid-2-yl • C5H4N, pyrid-3-yl • C5H4N, pyrid-4-yl • C4H7N2, piperad-2-yl • C4H3N2, pyrazin-2-yl • C4H3N2, pyrimid-2-yl • C4H3N2, pyrimid-4-yl • C4H3N2, pyrimid-5-yl • CH(NO2)2 • C(NO2)3 • CH2C(NO2)3 • CH2CH(NO2)2 • CH2CH2C(NO2)3 • CH2N(NO2)CH2C(NO2)3 • CH2N(NO2)CH2CH(NO2)2 • CH2CH2N(NO2)CH2C(NO2)3 • CH2CH2ONO2 • CH2(ONO2)CHCH2ONO2 • CH(CH2ONO2)2 • CH2C(CH2ONO2)3 • CH2NHNO2 • CH2N(NO2)CH3 • CH2N(NO2)2 • CH2CH2N(NO2)CH3 • CH2N(NO2)CH2N(NO2)CH3

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 266.0 ± 12.6 439.3 ± 2.9 252.6 ± 4 226.7 ± 12.6 245.4 ± 12.6 190.4 ± 12.6 248.5 ± 8.4 381.8 ± 12.6 334.7 ± 16.7 210.0 ± 10 –15.1 ± 4 569 ± 21 460 ± 8 292.5 ± 2.1 157 ± 4 115.1 ± 12.6 61.9 ± 12.6 6.3 ± 12.6 169.0 ± 12.6 320.1 327.8 340.6 ± 10.0 302.7 315.1 ± 10.5 296.6 ± 9.6 305.4 295.4 ± 8.4 385.8 385.8 142.7 ± 12.6 362.0 391.0 391.0 119.7 409.2 ± 12.6 388.0 ± 12.6 409.0 ± 12.6 446.4 ± 12.6 139.1 201.2 150.6 103.3 133.9 173.6 126.4 168.6 37.7 –25.5 –57.3 –158.2 164.8 149.4 210.5 144.3 202.1

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-72 Radical • CH2N(NO2)(CH2)N(NO2)CH3 C•(S)H • CH2SH • CH2SCH3 • CH2SPh • CH2SOCH3 HOC•(S)S • CH2SO2CH3 • CH2SO2Ph PhC•HSO2CH3 PhC•HSO2Ph Ph2C•SO2Ph Ph2C•SPh NC•(O) • CNH • CNO • CH2SiMe3 • CH2C(CH3)2SiMe3 • CP

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 173.2 300.4 ± 8.4 151.9 ± 8.4 136.8 ± 5.9 268.6 ± 12.6 23.8 ± 12.6 110.5 –177.0 ± 12.6 –57.3 ± 12.6 –109.2 ± 12.6 7 ± 12.6 102 ± 12.6 435.6 ± 12.6 127.2 207.9 ± 12.1 323 ± 30 –32 ± 6 –125 450 ± 9

(2) Oxygen-Centered Species HO• FO• ClO• BrO• IO• HOO• FOO• ClOO• BrOO• IOO• OFO• OClO• ClOOClO• ClClO• NCO• CNO• HONNO• sym-ClO3 HSO• HSOO• CH3SOO• CF3SO2O• NCO• O2NO• ONOO• HOS(O)2O• CH3O• CF3O• CCl3O• CH2ClO• CHCl2O• CH2=CH-O• CF3CHFO• C2H5O•

37.36 ± 0.13 109 ± 10 101.63 ± 0.1 126.2 ± 1.7 115.9 ± 5.0 12.30 ± 0.25 25.4 ± 2 98.0 ± 4 108 ± 40 96.6 ± 15 378.6 ± 20 95.4 142 ± 12 90 ± 30 184.1 386.6 172 217.2 ± 21 –21.8 ± 2.1 112 76 –912 184.0 73.7 ± 1.4 82.8 –511.7 21.0 ± 2.1 –635.1 ± 7.1 –38.1 ± 9.2 –21.3 ± 9.2 –32.2 ± 9.2 18.4 ± 1.3 –851.0 –13.6 ± 3.3

Radical CH3CHClO• CH3CCl2O• nC3H7O• iC3H7O• (CH3)2CClO• nC4H9O• sC4H9O• tC4H9O• CH2=CHCH2O• C6H5O• o-Cl-C6H4O• C6Cl5O• p-Cl-C6H4O• o-OH-C6H4O• p-OH-C6H4O• o-CH3O-C6H4O• p-CH3O-C6H4O• C6H5CH2O• C10H7O•, naphthoxy-1 C10H7O•, naphthoxy-2 HC(O)O• FC(O)O• CH3C(O)O• CF3C(O)O• CF3OC(O)O• C6H5C(O)O• CH3OO• C2H3OO•, CH2=CHOO• C2H5OO• C3H5OO•, CH2=CHCH2OO• iC3H7OO• C4H7OO•, CH3CH=CHCH2OO• tC4H9OO• neo-C5H11OO• HOCH2OO• HOOCH2CH2OO• C6H5CH2OO• c-C6H11OO• (C2H5)N(CH3)CHOO• CF3OO• CF2ClOO• CFCl2OO• CH2ClOO• CHCl2OO• CCl3OO• CH3CHClOO• CH3CCl2OO• CH3OCH2OO• CH3C(O)CH2OO• CH3C(O)OO• HOOO• CH3OOO• C2H5OOO•

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 –61.9 ± 12.1 –91.6 ± 11.7 –30.1 ± 8.4 –48.5 ± 3.3 –108.4 ± 8.4 –62.8 –69.5 –85.8 ± 3.8 87.0 48.5 ± 2.9 30.6 ~63 ~9 –186.3 –143.6 –125.5 –81.1 136.0 ± 12.6 165.3 174.1 –129.7 ± 12.6 368.0 –179.9 ± 12.6 –797.0 –958.1 ± 16.7 –50.2 ± 16.7 20.1 ± 5.1 101.7 ± 1.7 –28.5 ± 9.6 88.7 –65.4 ± 11.3 82.6 ± 5.3 –101.5 ± 9.2 –115.5 –162.1 100 114.6 ± 4.2 –25.0 ± 10.5 –36.0 ± 12.6 –635.0 –406.7 ± 14.6 –213.7 –5.1 ± 13.6 –19.2 ± 11.2 –20.9 ± 8.9 –54.7 ± 3.4 –63.8 ± 9.8 –142.2 ± 4.2 –142.1 ± 4 –154.4 ± 5.8 29.7 ± 8.4 33.4 ± 12.6 5.4 ± 12.6

Radical (3) Nitrogen-Centered Species ON NO2 N2O NH • NH2 • NNH • NCO • N3 • N2H3 (Z)-N2H2 NF • NF2 • NHF NBr HNO FNO ClNO BrNO INO NCO NCN NSi NH2C(O)N•H

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 91.04 ± 0.08 33.97 ± 0.08 82.05 ± 0.4 357 ± 1 186.2 ± 1.0 249.5 131.8 414.2 ± 20.9 243.5 213.0 ± 10.9 209.2 42.3 ± 8 112 ± 15 301 ± 21 107.1 ± 2.5 –65.7 ± 1.7 51.71 ± 0.42 82.13 ± 0.8 112.1 ± 20.9 120.9 464.8 ± 2.9 372 ± 63

CH3C(O)N•H NH2C(S)N•H CH3C(S)N•H PhC(S)N•H HCON•H NH2C(NH)N•H • NHCN CH2N•H CH3N•H tBuN•H C6H5CH2N•H C6H5N•H (CH3)2N• (C6H5)(CH3)N• (C6H5)2N• 1-pyrrolyl 1-pyrazolyl carbazol-9-yl CH3N2• C2H5N2• iC3H7N2• nC4H9N2• tC4H9N2• (NO2)HN• (CH3)(NO2)N• (NO2)2N• CH3N•CH2N(NO2)CH3

0.8 ± 12.6 –6.7 ± 12.6 194 ± 12.6 173 ± 12.6 307 ± 12.6 49.8 ± 12.6 250.6 ± 12.6 319.2 ± 2.9 104.6 ± 12.6 184.1 ± 8.4 95.4 ± 12.6 288.3 ± 12.6 244.3 ± 4.2 158.2 ± 4.2 241.0 ± 6.3 366.0 ± 6.3 269.2 ± 12.6 413.0 ± 2.1 383.3 ± 8.4 215.5 ± 7.5 187.4 ± 10.5 146.0 ± 8.4 140.6 ± 8.4 97.5 ± 4.2 162.3 139.0 200.0 185.4

(4) Sulfur-Centered Species HOS•

–6.7 ± 2.1

Bond Dissociation Energies

HC(O)S• HS•O2 HOS•O2 NCS• HS• CH3S• C2H5S• nC3H7S• iC3H7S• tC4H9S• C6H5S• C6Cl5S• C6H5CH2S• CH3S•O CH3S•O2 HSS• CH3SS• C2H5SS• iC3H7SS• tC4H9SS• HOC(S)S• HC(O)S• SF SF2 SF3 SF4 SF5 ClS• SN SCl

9-73

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 56.5 –221.8 –384.9 300 ± 8 143.0 ± 0.8 124.7 ± 1.7 101 80 74.9 ± 8.4 43.9 ± 8.4 242.7 ± 4.6 ~184 246 –67 ± 10 –239.3 115.5 ± 14.6 68.6 ± 8.4 43.5 ± 8.4 13.8 ± 8.4 –19.2 ± 8.4 110.5 ± 4.6 56.5 13.0 ± 6.3 –296.7 ± 16.7 –503.0 ± 33.5 –763.2 ± 20.9 –879.9 ± 15.1 156.5 ± 16.7 263.6 ± 105 156.5 ± 16.7

Radical

(5) Si-, Ge-, Sn-, Pb-Centered Species SiF –20.1 ± 12.6

SiF2 • SiF3 SiCl SiCl2 • SiCl3 SiBr SiBr2 • SiBr3 SiI SiI2 • SiI3 SiH SiH2(1A1) SiH2(3B1) • SiH3 MeSi•H2 Me2Si•H Me3Si• • Si2H3 H3SiSi•H2 C6H5Si•H2 H3SiSi•H MeSi• MeSi•H Me2Si•• SiN • GeH3 GeF GeF2 • GeF3 GeCl GeCl2 • GeCl3

Radical

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 –638 ± 6 –987 ± 20 198.3 ± 6.7 –169 ± 3 322 ± 8 235 ± 46 46 ± 8 –201.7 ± 63 313.8 ± 42 92.5 ± 8.4 35.3 ± 63 376.6 ± 8.4 273 ± 2 360.7 200.4 ± 2.5 141 ± 6 78 ± 6 15 ± 7 ~402 234 ± 6 274 312 ± 8 302.2 202 ± 6 135 ± 8 313.8 ± 42 221.8 ± 8.4 –71 ± 10 –574 ± 20 –807 ± 50 69 ± 18 –171 ± 5 –268 ± 50

GeBr GeBr2 • GeBr3 GeI GeI2 • GeI3 SnF SnF2 • SnF3 SnCl SnCl2 • SnCl3 SnBr SnBr2 • SnBr3 SnI SnI2 • SnI3 • Sn(CH3)3 • Sn(C6H5)3 PbH PbF PbF2 • PbF3 PbCl PbCl2 • PbCl3 PbBr PbBr2 • PbBr3 PbI PbI2 • PbI3

∆f Ho298/  kJ mol–1 137 ± 5 –61 ± 5 –119 ± 50 211 ± 25 50.2 ± 4 42 ± 50 –95 ± 7.2 –511 ± 9.2 –647 ± 50 35 ± 12 –202.6 ± 7.1 –292 ± 50 76 ± 12 –119 ± 2.8 –159 ± 50 173 ± 12 –8.1 ± 4.2 –8 ± 50 132.2 518.8 ± 21 236.2 ± 19.2 –80.3 ± 10.5 –435.1 ± 8.4 –490 ± 60 15.1 ± 50 –174.1 ± 1.3 –178 ± 80 70.9 ± 42 –104.4 ± 6.3 –104 ± 80 107.4 ± 37.7 –3.2 ± 4.2 22 ± 80

Radical

TABLE 5. Bond Dissociation Energies of Some Common Organic Molecules D 298(R–X)/kJ mol of some organic compounds are listed below. All data are from Tables 1 and 3. 0

–1

R=H CH3 C2H5 i-C3H7 t-C4H9 C6H5 C6H5CH2 CCl3 CF3 C2F5 CH3CO CN C6F5

X=H 435.7799 439.3 420.5 410.5 400.4 472.2 375.5 392.5 445.2 429.7 374.0 528.5 487.4

F 569.658 460.2 447.4 483.8 495.8 525.5 412.8 439.3 546.8 532.2 511.7 482.8 485

Cl Br 431.361 366.16 350.2 294.1 352.3 292.9 354.0 299.2 351.9 292.9 399.6 336.4 299.9 239.3 296.6 231.4 365.3 296.2 346.0 283.3 354.0 292.0 422.6 364.8 383.3 ~328

I OH OCH3 298.26 497.10 440.2 238.9 384.93 351.9 233.5 391.2 355.2 234.7 397.9 360.7 227.2 398.3 353.1 272.0 463.6 418.8 187.8 334.1 — 168 — — 227.2 ≤482.0 — 219.2 — — 223.0 459.4 424.3 320.1 — — <301.7 446.9 −

NH2 450.08 356.1 352.3 357.7 355.6 429.3 306.7 — — — 414.6 — −

NO 199.5 172.0 171.5 152.7 167 226.8 123 125 167 — — 204.4 211.3

CH3 COCH3 439.3 374.0 377.4 351.9 370.3 347.3 369.0 340.2 363.6 329.3 426.8 406.7 325.1 299.7 362.3 — 429.3 — — — 351.9 307.1 521.7 — 439.3 −

CF3 445.2 429.3 — — — 463.2 365.7 332.2 413.0 424.3 — 469.0 435.1

CCl3 392.5 362.3 — — — 388.7 — 285.8 332.2 — — — −

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-74 TABLE 6. Bond Dissociation Energies in Diatomic Cations From thermochemistry, we have

Do298(A+ −B)≡ ∆f   Ho(A+) + ∆fHo(B) – ∆f  Ho(AB+) = Do298(A −B) + IP(A) – IP(AB) Thus, Do298(A+ −B) may be derived using the Table 1 and the ionization potentials of species A and AB. The following table has been arranged in alphabetical order of the atoms. The boldface in the species indicates the dissociated fragment. The details are described in the Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies by Yu-Ran Luo, CRC Press, 2007. A+ –B Ag+ −Ag Ag+ −Cl Ag+ −F Ag+ −H Ag+ −O Ag+ −S Al+ −Al Al+ −Ar Al+ −Ca Al+ −Cl Al+ −F Al+ −Kr Al+ −O Al+ −Se Ar+ −Ar Ar+ −He Ar+ −Ne As+ −As As+ −H As+ −O As+ −P As+ −S Au+ −Al Au+ −Au Au+ −B Au+ −Be Au+ −F Au+ −Ge Au+ −H Au+ −I Au+ −Xe B+ −Ar B+ −B B+ −Br B+ −C B+ −Cl B+ −F B+ −H B+ −O B+ −Pt B+ −Se B+ −Si Ba+ −Ar Ba+ −Br Ba+ −Cl Ba+ −D Ba+ −F Ba+ −I Ba+ −O Be+ −Ar

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 167.9 ±8.7 32 ± 30 24 ± 27 43.5 ±5.9 123 ±5 123 ±13 121 15.47 148.5 173 ±42 314 ±21 5.54 166.7 ±12.0 114 ±49 130.323 ± 0.087 2.9 ± 0.8 7.5 ± 0.8 364 ±22 290.8 ± 3.0 495 367 ± 59 433.2 ±12.5 170 ± 30 234.5 329 ±50 401 ± 29 79 292 ± 24 143.5 230~280 130 ±13 32.7 187 164 ± 21 284 ±58 308 ±21 460 ±10 198 ± 5 326 ±48 314 ± 98 298 ± 98 365 ± 15 11.85 418 ±10 468.2 ±10 245.2 ±9.6 640 ±29 335 ±10 441.4 ± 15 49.0 ± 2.4

A+ –B Be+ −Au Be+ −Be Be+ −Cl Be+ −F Be+ −H Be+ −O Bi+ −Bi Bi+ −O Bi+ −S Bi+ −Se Bi+ −Te Bi+ −Tl Bk+ −O Br+ −Br Br+ −C Br+ −Cl Br+ −F Br+ −H Br+ −O C+ −Ar C+ −Br C+ −C C+ −Cl C+ −F C+ −H C+ −N C+ −O C+ −P C+ −S C+ −Se Ca+ −Al Ca+ −Ar Ca+ −Au Ca+ −Br Ca+ −Ca Ca+ −Cl Ca+ −F Ca+ −H Ca+ −I Ca+ −Kr Ca+ −Ne Ca+ −O Ca+ −Xe Cd+ −Cd Cd+ −H Ce+ −Au Ce+ −Br Ce+ −C Ce+ −Ce Ce+ −Cl

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 410 ± 29 187.0 417 ± 50 575 ±98 307.3 ± 5.0 362.0 ±6.2 199 ± 10 174 179 ± 50 184 ± 29 125 ± 50 100 ± 42 610 318.858 ±0.024 451.5 ± 8.6 303.000 ±0.048 251.5 ± 12.6 379.26 ±2.89 365.7 ± 3.1 72.3 398 ± 8.6 601.9 ±19.3 614 721 ± 40 397.848 ± 0.013 524.5 ± 4.2 810.7 ±0.8 587 ±50 706.6 ± 2.1 587 ± 50 144.7 12.99 ±0.60 306 ±29 417.6 ± 10 104.1 433.4 ±12 556.5 ±8.4 284.2 ±10 293.7 ±10.8 18.60 ±0.72 4.95 ± 0.06 348 ±5 25.38 ±0.96 122.5 ±10 179.5 278 ± 34 341.0 254 ± 96 207 ± 42 429.5

A+ –B Ce+ −F Ce+ −I Ce+ −Ir Ce+ −N Ce+ −O Ce+ −Pd Ce+ −Pt Ce+ −Rh Ce+ −S Cl+ −Ar Cl+ −Cl Cl+ −D Cl+ −F Cl+ −H Cl+ −N Cl+ −O Co+ −Ar Co+ −Br Co+ −C Co+ −Cl Co+ −Co Co+ −D Co+ −H Co+ −He Co+ −I Co+ −Kr Co+ −Ne Co+ −O Co+ −S Co+ −Si Co+ −Xe Cr+ −Ar Cr+ −C Cr+ −Cl Cr+ −Cr Cr+ −D Cr+ −F Cr+ −H Cr+ −He Cr+ −Ne Cr+ −O Cr+ −S Cr+ −Si Cr+ −Xe Cs+ −Ar Cs+ −Br Cs+ −Cl Cs+ −Cs Cs+ −F Cs+ −He

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 586 ±63 295.5 530 ±96 494 ±63 852 ±15 255 ± 53 467 ± 96 423 ± 96 524 ±59 169 386.02 ± 0.30 457.284 ± 0.017 291 ±10 452.714 ±0.018 650 ± 10 468.0 ±2.1 52.89 ±0.06 >289 351 ±29 285 ±12 269 199.6 ±5.8 195 ±6 16.4 ±0.4 211.7 ±8.4 68.37 ± 0.18 12.8 ±0.4 317.3 ±4.8 288.3 ±8.7 317.1 ±6.7 85.7 ±6.8 31.7 ±3.9 277 ±24 >211 129 135 ±9 279 ±42 136 ±9 7.8 ±0.4 9.5 ±0.4 276 258.6 ±16.4 203 ±15 71.9 ±10.0 8.2 60.5 ± 10 107.4 ± 10 62.6 ± 9.6 43.7 ± 10 5.1

A+ –B Cs+ −I Cs+ −Kr Cs+ −Na Cs+ −Ne Cs+ −O Cs+ −Rb Cs+ −Xe Cu+ −Ar Cu+ −Cl Cu+ −Cu Cu+ −F Cu+ −Ge Cu+ −H Cu+ −Kr Cu+ −O Cu+ −S Cu+ −Si Cu+ −Xe D+ −D Dy+ −Br Dy+ −Cl Dy+ −Cu Dy+ −F Dy+ −I Dy+ −O Er+ −Br Er+ −Cl Er+ −F Er+ −I Er+ −O Es+ −O Eu+ −Ag Eu+ −Au Eu+ −Br Eu+ −Cl Eu+ −F Eu+ −I Eu+ −O Eu+ −S F+ −Ar F+ −F F+ −He F+ −Kr F+ −Xe Fe+ −Ar Fe+ −Br Fe+ −C Fe+ −Cl Fe+ −Co Fe+ −Cr

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 29.3 ± 10 15.1 48.1 ± 4.2 6.11 59 68.3 ± 10 14.7 51.9 ±6.8 91 ±10 155.2 ±7.7 117 ±21 231 ±23 93 ±13 24.3 ±0.8 133.9 ±11.6 203.3 ±14.5 260 ±8 102.1 ±5.8 263.4405 ± 0.0003 324.2 407.9 196 ± 42 535 ± 24 279.9 597 ±15 315.8 406.7 546 ±34 271.6 583 ±15 470 ±60 85 ±50 252 ±97 333.8 430.7 543 ± 29 290.7 393 ±15 257 ± 32 161.1 325.393 ±0.096 181.62 ±0.08 152.4 188 14.2 ±7.7 >293 356.1 ±17.2 >343 259 ±21 209 ±29

Bond Dissociation Energies A+ –B + Fe −Cu Fe+ −D Fe+ −F Fe+ −Fe Fe+ −H Fe+ −I Fe+ −Kr Fe+ −N Fe+ −Nb Fe+ −Ni Fe+ −O Fe+ −S Fe+ −Sc Fe+ −Si Fe+ −Ta Fe+ −Ti Fe+ −V Fe+ −Xe Ga+ −Bi Ga+ −Br Ga+ −Cl Ga+ −F Ga+ −Ga Ga+ −I Ga+ −Ο Ga+ −Sb Ga+ −Te Gd+ −Cd Gd+ −H Ge+ −Br Ge+ −C Ge+ −Cl Ge+ −F Ge+ −Ge Ge+ −H Ge+ −O Ge+ −S Ge+ −Se Ge+ −Si Ge+ −Te H+ −D H+ −H He+ −H He+ −He Hf+ −O Hg+ −Ar Hg+ −H Hg+ −Hg Hg+ −Kr Hg+ −Xe Ho+ −Ag Ho+ −Au Ho+ −Br Ho+ −Cl Ho+ −Cu Ho+ −F Ho+ −Ho Ho+ −I Ho+ −O I+ −Br

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 222 ±29 227 360 – 423 272 211.2 ±9.6 >239 33.5 ±6.7 485 285 ±21 268 ±21 343.3 ±1.9 295.2 ±5.8 200 ±21 277 ±9 301 ±21 251 ±25 314 ±21 46.0 ±5.8 62 ± 98 56.5 ± 16 86 ± 21 136 ±15 126.3 41.6 ±15 46 ±50 38 ±96 19 ± 29 122.5 ±10 179.5 398 ±42 223 ±31 473 ±50 565 ±21 274 ±10 377 ±84 344 ± 21 283 ±21 234 ±10 268 ±21 233 ±19 261.1021 ± 0.0002 259.4659 ± 0.0002 123.9 229.687 ± 0.019 724 ±21 22.2 ±1.2 207 134 37.9 ±1.3 72.2 ±1.3 155 ± 61 250 ± 60 320.6 410.3 214 ± 35 542 ±50 88 ± 96 270.4 551 ±25 184.90 ±0.02

9-75 A+ –B + I −Cl I+ −F I+ −H I+ −I I+ −O In+ −Br In+ −Cl In+ −F In+ −I In+ −In In+ −S In+ −Sb In+ −Se In+ −Te Ir+ −C Ir+ −D Ir+ −H Ir+ −O K+ −Ar K+ −Br K+ −Cl K+ −He K+ −I K+ −K K+ −Kr K+ −Li K+ −Na K+ −Ne K+ −O K+ −Xe Kr+ −Ar Kr+ −H Kr+ −He Kr+ −Kr Kr+ −N Kr+ −Ne La+ −Au La+ −Br La+ −C La+ −Cl La+ −F La+ −H La+ −I La+ −Ir La+ −O La+ −Pt La+ −Rh La+ −S La+ −Si Li+ −Ar Li+ −Bi Li+ −Br Li+ −Cl Li+ −F Li+ −He Li+ −I Li+ −Kr Li+ −Li Li+ −Ne Li+ −O

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 247.5 ±0.4 262.9 ±2.1 304.70 ±0.10 262.90 ±0.04 316.3 ±10.5 65.2 ± 12.6 193 ± 21 148 ±50 51.5 ± 21 81 ± 30 171 ±50 73 ±50 118 ±50 41 ±50 544 ±96 302.8 ± 5.8 305.7 ± 5.8 247 14 ± 7 35.7 ± 10.5 51 ± 19 6.00 18 ± 45 83.86 ± 0.15 15.8 59.9 ± 5.9 58.69 ± 0.08 7.79 13 19.5 55.31 ±0.14 464 2.1 ± 0.8 110.967 ± 0.033 136.9 ±13 3.8 ± 0.8 436 ± 97 425.9 427 ±33 503.6 589 ± 34 243 ±9 392.4 356 ± 97 875 ±25 522 ± 78 345 ± 97 629 ±96 277.0 ±9.6 33 ± 14 91 ± 50 41.8 ± 10.6 66 ± 15 7 ± 21 10.66 51.1 ± 6.3 48.1 137.3 ± 6.3 15.32 38.9 ± 9.6

A+ –B + Li −Sb Li+ −Xe Lu+ −Br Lu+ −Cl Lu+ −F Lu+ −H Lu+ −I Lu+ −O Lu+ −Si Mg+ −Ar Mg+ −Au Mg+ −Cl Mg+ −D Mg+ −F Mg+ −H Mg+ −Kr Mg+ −Mg Mg+ −Ne Mg+ −O Mg+ −Xe Mn+ −Cl Mn+ −F Mn+ −H Mn+ −I Mn+ −Mn Mn+ −O Mn+ −S Mn+ −Se Mo+ −C Mo+ −F Mo+ −H Mo+ −Mo Mo+ −O Mo+ −S Mo+ −Xe N+ −Ar N+ −F N+ −H N+ −N N+ −O Na+ −Ar Na+ −Br Na+ −Cl Na+ −He Na+ −I Na+ −Kr Na+ −Li Na+ −Na Na+ −Na Na+ −Ne Na+ −O Na+ −Xe Nb+ −Ar Nb+ −C Nb+ −Fe Nb+ −H Nb+ −Nb Nb+ −O Nb+ −S Nb+ −V

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 129.6 ± 13.9 56.4 86.1 180.6 376.8 204 ±15 40.7 524 ±15 107 ±13 19.20 267 ±29 327 ±6.5 203.6 ±0.8 477 ±50 190.8 ±5.8 25.39 125 4.9 ± 0.6 245.2 ±10 53.74 >211 321 ± 24 202.5 ±5.9 >211 129 285 ±13 247 ±23 165 ± 50 442.7 ±13.5 376 ± 29 170 ±6 449.4 ±1.0 488.2 ±1.9 355.1 ±5.8 >53.1 ±6.8 208.4 ±9.6 584 ±42 ≥435.67 ±0.77 843.85 ±0.10 115 19 ± 8 58.2 ± 10.6 20.3 ± 10 7.55 64.9 ± 3.0 ~24.9 95.8 ± 3.9 98.64 ± 0.29 6.4 ~9.04 37 ± 19 ~28.6 40.87 ± 0.13 509 ±15 >251 220 ±7 576.8 ±9.6 688 ±11 501.7 ±20.3 404.7 ± 0.2

A+ –B + Nb −Xe Nd+ −Au Nd+ −Br Nd+ −Cl Nd+ −F Nd+ −I Nd+ −O Ne+ −H Ne+ −He Ne+ −Ne Ni+ −Ar Ni+ −Br Ni+ −C Ni+ −Cl Ni+ −D Ni+ −F Ni+ −H Ni+ −He Ni+ −I Ni+ −Ne Ni+ −Ni Ni+ −O Ni+ −S Ni+ −Si Np+ −F Np+ −O O+ −Ar O+ −F O+ −H O+ −N O+ −O Os+ −H Os+ −O P+ −C P+ −Cl P+ −F P+ −H P+ −N P+ −O P+ −P P+ −S Pa+ −O Pb+ −Br Pb+ −Cl Pb+ −F Pb+ −O Pb+ −Pb Pb+ −S Pb+ −Se Pb+ −Te Pd+ −C Pd+ −H Pd+ −O Pd+ −Pd Pd+ −S Pd+ −Si Pr+ −Au Pr+ −Br Pr+ −Cl Pr+ −F

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 73.28 ±0.12 267 ± 84 352.9 441.4 309.6 596 ± 32 753 ±15 1239 13.0 ± 0.8 125.29 ± 1.93 53.9 >289 418 192 ±4 166.0 ±7.7 ≥456 158.1 ±7.7 12.4 ±0.4 >297 9.9 ±0.4 208 275.9 ±7.7 241.0 ±3.9 326 ±6.7 730 ±100 ≥752 33.8 301.8 ± 8.4 487.9 ± 0.34 1050.64 ± 0.13 647.75 ± 0.17 238.9 418 ±50 512 ±42 289 490.6 ±8.4 329.6 ±2.1 483 ± 21 791.3 ± 8.4 481 ± 50 606 ±34 ~800 260 ±63 285 ±63 347 ±32 247 ± 8.4 214 ± 29 293 ±50 169.4 ±6.3 163 ±63 528 ±5 208.4 ±8.7 145 ±11 197 ±29 197 ±6 289 ±50 317 ± 81 357.7 445.0 557 ±63

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-76 A+ –B + Pr −I Pr+ −O Pt+ −Ar Pt+ −B Pt+ −C Pt+ −Cl Pt+ −H Pt+ −N Pt+ −O Pt+ −Pt Pt+ −Si Pt+ −Xe Pu+ −F Pu+ −O Rb+ −Ar Rb+ −Br Rb+ −Cl Rb+ −I Rb+ −Kr Rb+ −Na Rb+ −Ne Rb+ −O Rb+ −Rb Rb+ −Xe Re+ −C Re+ −H Re+ −O Rh+ −C Rh+ −H Rh+ −O Rh+ −S Ru+ −C Ru+ −H Ru+ −O Ru+ −S S+ −C S+ −F S+ −H S+ −N S+ −O S+ −P S+ −S Sc+ −C Sc+ −Cl Sc+ −F Sc+ −Fe Sc+ −H Sc+ −O

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 317.0 796 ±15 36.4 ±8.7 398 ±105 530.5 ±4.8 249.8 ±14.5 275 ±5 326.9 ± 9.6 318.4 ±6.7 318 ±23 515 ±50 86.6 ±28.9 562 ±50 655 12.0 17.6v5.1 10.5 ± 10.5 27 ± 42 14.9 50.1 ± 3.9 6.95 29 75.6 ± 9.6 21.5 497.7 ± 3.9 224.7 ±6.7 435 ±59 414 ±17 164.8 ±3.8 295.0 ±5.8 226 ±13 453.5 ±10.6 160.2 ±5.0 372 ±5 288 ±6 620.8 ±1.3 343.5 ± 4.8 348.2 ±1.7 516 ± 34 524.3 ±0.4 573 ± 21 522.4 ± 0.5 326 ±6 410 ±42 605 ±32 201 ±21 235 ±8 689 ±5

A+ –B + Sc −S Sc+ −Se Sc+ −Si Se+ −F Se+ −H Se+ −P Se+ −S Se+ −Se Si+ −Au Si+ −B Si+ −Br Si+ −C Si+ −Cl Si+ −F Si+ −H Si+ −O Si+ −P Si+ −Pd Si+ −Pt Si+ −S Si+ −Si Si+ −Te Sm+ −Br Sm+ −Cl Sm+ −F Sm+ −I Sm+ −O Sn+ −Br Sn+ −Cu Sn+ −F Sn+ −O Sn+ −S Sn+ −Se Sn+ −Sn Sn+ −Te Sr+ −Ar Sr+ −Br Sr+ −Cl Sr+ −F Sr+ −H Sr+ −I Sr+ −Kr Sr+ −Ne Sr+ −O Sr+ −Sr Ta+ −H Ta+ −O Ta+ −-Ta

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 529.7 ±17.4 475.8 ± 8.4 242.3 ±10.5 364 ±42 304 514 ± 25 392 ± 19 413 ± 19 175 ± 50 351 ±15 276 ±96 365 ±50 591.0 ± 0.6 684.1 ±5.4 316.6 ±2.1 478 ±13.4 272 ± 50 237 ± 50 525 ± 50 387.5 ± 6.0 334 ± 19 347 ± 50 343.3 435.4 620.9 299.1 569 ±15 335 ±50 184 ± 96 364 ±29 281 ± 10 240 ±19 174 ±6.3 193 168.7 ±8.4 13.32 ± 2.92 378.1 ± 8.4 427 ± 8.4 615 ±50 209 ±5 308.2 18.13 ± 6.94 4.52 ± 9.6 298.7 108.5 ± 1.6 230 ±6 787 ±63 666

A+ –B + Tb −Cu Tb+ −O Tc+ −H Tc+ −O Te+ −H Te+ −O Te+ −P Te+ −Se Te+ −Te Th+ −Cl Th+ −F Th+ −O Th+ −Pt Th+ −Rh Ti+ −C Ti+ −Cl Ti+ −F Ti+ −H Ti+ −N Ti+ −O Ti+ −Pt Ti+ −S Ti+ −Si Ti+ −Ti Tl+ −Br Tl+ −Cl Tl+ −F Tl+ −I Tl+ −Tl Tm+ −Br Tm+ −Cl Tm+ −F Tm+ −I Tm+ −O U+ −Br U+ −C U+ −Cl U+ −D U+ −F U+ −H U+ −N U+ −O U+ −P U+ −S V+ −Ar V+ −C V+ −D V+ −Fe

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 245 ± 34 722 ±15 197.5 >167 305 ± 12 339 ± 50 415 ± 97 342 ± 19 278 ± 29 499 ±29 682 ±29 875 ±16 388 ± 193 504 ± 67 395 ±23 426.8 ≥456 226.6 ±10.6 501 ±13 667 ±7 82 ± 96 461.1 ±6.8 249 ±16 229 52 ±50 26 ±4 13 ±21 133 ±21 22 ± 50 312.2 407.9 537 ± 16 266.8 482 ±15 345 ±29 300 ± 96 431 ±34 283.4 ±9.6 668 ±29 284 ±8 ~485 757 ± 42 186 518 ± 29 39.39 ± 0.12 373 ±13.5 202 ± 6 314 ±21

A+ –B + V −H V+ −Kr V+ −N V+ −Nb V+ −O V+ −S V+ −Si V+ −V V+ −Xe W+ −C W+ −F W+ −H W+ −O Xe+ −Ar Xe+ −H Xe+ −Kr Xe+ −N Xe+ −Ne Xe+ −Xe Y+ −C Y+ −F Y+ −H Y+ −O Y+ −Pt Y+ −S Y+ −Si Y+ −Te Y+ −Y Yb+ −Br Yb+ −Cl Yb+ −F Yb+ −I Yb+ −O Yb+ −Yb Zn+ −Ar Zn+ −H Zn+ −O Zn+ −S Zn+ −Si Zn+ −Zn Zr+ −Ar Zr+ −C Zr+ −H Zr+ −N Zr+ −O Zr+ −S Zr+ −Zr

Do298 kJ/ mol–1 202 ±6 49.46 ± 0.18 448.6 ±5.8 403.5 ± 0.2 581.6 ±9.6 358.9 ±8.7 229 ±15 302 66.4 ±0.6 483 ±21 444 ± 96 222.5 ±5 695 ±42 13.4 355 41.65 ±0.08 66.4 ±9.6 2.1 ± 0.8 99.6 281 ±12 677 ±21 260.5 ±5.8 718 ±25 466 ±192 533.9 ±8 243 ±13 360 ± 96 281 ± 21 307.4 399.6 557.5 ± 14.4 262.0 376 ±15 238 ± 96 28.7 ± 1.2 216 ±15 161.1 ±4.8 198 ±12 274.1 ±9.6 60 ± 19 36.09 ± 0.24 445.8 ±15.4 218.8 ±9.6 443 ±46 753 ±11 549.0 ±9.6 407.0 ±9.6

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-77 TABLE 7. Bond Dissociation Energies in Polyatomic Cations

This table has been arranged on the basis of the Periodic Table with the IUPAC notation for Groups 1 to 18 (see inside front cover of this Handbook). The boldface in the species indicates the dissociated fragment.

Reference Yu-Ran Luo, Comprehensive Handbook of Chemical Bond Energies, CRC Press, 2007. Bond (1) Group 1 Li+−H2 Li+−CO Li+−H2O Li+−NH3 Li+−CH4 Li+−CH3OH Li+−CH3OCH3 Li+−pyridine Li+−Gly (glycine) Na+−H2 Na+−N2 Na+−CO Na+−CO2 Na+−SO2 Na+−O3 Na+−H2O Na+(H2O)−H2O Na+(H2O)2−H2O Na+(H2O)3−H2O Na+(glycine)−H2O Na+(glutamine)−H2O Na+−NH3 Na+−HNO3 Na+−CH4 Na+−CH3OH Na+−CH3CN Na+−C2H4 Na+−CH3OCH3 Na+−CH3C(O)H Na+− MeCOMe Na+−C6H6 Na+−pyrrole Na+ −Gly (glycine) Na+ −Ala (alanine) Na+−GlyGly (glycylglycine) K+−H2 K+−CO2 K+−H2O K+(H2O)2−H2O K+(H2O)3−H2O K+(H2O)4−H2O K+(H2O)5−H2O K+(H2O)6−H2O K+−NH3 K+−C6H6 K+−adenine K+−indole K+−Phe (phenylalanine) K+−Tyr (tyrosine) Rb+−H2O

Do298/kJ mol–1 27.2 57 ±13 139 ±8 156 ±8 130 156 ±8 167 ±10 183.0 ±14.5 220 ±9 10.4 ±0.8 33.5 31 ±8 66.5 79.1 52.3 91.2 ±6.3 82.0 ±5.8 66.1 52.7 ±0.8 75.1 ±5.3 52 ±1 106.2 ±5.4 86.2 30.1 98.8 ±5.7 125.5 ±9.6 44.6 ±4.4 101.4 ±5.7 114.4 ±3.4 131.3 ±4.1 97.0 ±5.9 103.7 ±4.8 166.7 ±5.1 167 ±4 203 ±8 6.1 ±0.8 35.6 74.9 67.4 55.2 11.8 44.8 41.8 79 ±7 80.3 95.1 ±3.2 104.6 ±12.6 150.5 ±5.8 165.0 ±5.8 66.9 ±12.6

Rb −NH3 Rb+−CH3CN Rb+−C6H5OH Cs+−H2O Cs+−C6H5NH2

Do298/kJ mol–1 78.2 86.6 ±1.3 70.2 ±3.7 57.3 70.8 ±4.5

(2) Group 2 CH3Be+−CH3 tert-C(CH3)3Be+−tert-C(CH3)3 Mg+−OH Mg+−CO Mg+−CO2 Mg+−H2O Mg+−NH3 Mg+−CH4 Mg+−MeOH Mg+−C6H6 Mg+−pyridine Mg+−imidazole Mg2+(H2O)5−H2O Mg2+(Me2CO)5−Me2CO Ca+−OH Ca+−H2O Ca+−C6H6 Ca+−imidazole Ca2+(H2O)4−H2O Ca2+(Me2CO)5−Me2CO Sr+−CO Sr+−CO2 Sr+−H2O Sr+−C6H6 Sr2+(H2O)5−H2O Ba+−OH Ba2+(H2O)4−H2O

192.9 ±13.4 121.8 ±13.4 314 ±33 43.1 ±5.8 58.4 ±5.8 122.5 ±12.5 158.9 ±11.6 29.8 ±6.8 147.6 ±6.8 155.2 200.0 ±6.4 243.9 ±10.4 101.3 93.3 435.1 ±14.5 117.2 134 186.3 ±3.9 110.0 ±5.9 101.3 20.3 41.9 144.3 117 87.4 530.7 ±19.3 90.8

(3) Group 3 Sc+−H2 Sc+−CH2 Sc+−CH3 Sc+−C2H2 Sc+−C2H4 Sc+−C6H6 Sc+−H2O Sc+−NH Sc+−NH2 Sc+−pyridine Y+−CH2 Y+−CH3 Y+−C2H2 Y+−C2H4 Y+−CO Y+−CS Y+(O)−CO2

23.0 ±1.3 412 ±22 233 ±10 240 ±20 ≥131 222 ±21 131 483 ±10 347 ±5 231.5 ±10.3 398 ±13 249 ±5.0 218 ±13 >138 29.9 ±10.6 137.0 ±7.7 86 ±5

+

Bond

La −CH La+−CH2 La+−CH3 La+−C2H2 La+−C2H4 Lu+−CH2 Lu+−CH3 U+(F)−F U+(F)2−F U+(F)3−F U+(F)4−F U+(F)5−F +

Bond

Do298/kJ mol–1 523 ±33 401 ±7 217 ±15 262 ±30 192.5 >230 ±6 176 ±20 552 ±44 523 ±38 381 ±19 243 ±17 26 ±11

(4) Group 4 Ti+−CH Ti+−CH2 Ti+−CH3 Ti+−CH4 Ti+−C2H2 Ti+−C2H4 Ti+−C6H6 Ti+−CO Ti+−H2O Ti+−NH Ti+−NH2 Ti+−NH3 Ti+−pyridine Ti+−imidazole Zr+−CH Zr+−CH2 Zr+−CH3 Zr+−C2H2 Zr+−CO Zr+−CS Hf+−CH2 Hf+−C2H2

478 ±5 391 ±15 213.8 ±3 70.3 ±2.5 213 ±13 146 ±11 259 ±9 117.7 ±5.8 157.7 ±5.9 466 ±12 356 ±13 197 ±7 217.2 ±9.3 ≤232.4 ±8.2 568 ±13 444.8 ±5 227.7 ±9.6 273 ±14 77 ±10 257.6 ±10.6 427 ±38 150.6

(5) Group 5 (CO)6V+−H V+−H2 V+−CH V+−CH2 V+−CH3 V+−C2H2 V+−C2H4 V+−(η5-C5H5) V+−C6H6 V+−CO V+−CO2 V+−H2O V+−NH V+−NH2 V+−NH3

220 ±14 42.7 ±2.1 470 ±5 326 ±6 193 ±7 172 ±8 124 ±8 530.7 234 ±10 114.8 ±2.9 72.4 ±3.8 149.8 ±5.0 423 ±29 293 ±6 192 ±11

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-78 V −pyridine V+−imidazole Nb+−H2 Nb+−CH Nb+−CH2 Nb+−CH3 Nb+−CH3NH2 Nb+−C3H6 (NbFe)+−C3H4 Nb+−CO Nb+−CS Nb7+−N2 Ta+−CH Ta+−CH2 Ta+−CH3 Ta+−C6H6

Do298/kJ mol–1 218.7 ±13.5 ≤243.4 ±8.0 61.9 581 ±19 428.4 ±8.7 198.8 ±10.6 134 117.7 >163 95.5 ±4.8 242.2 ±10.6 <215 575 ±9 485 ±5 196 ±3 251~301

(6) Group 6 (CO)6Cr+−H (η5-C5H5)(NO)(CO)2Cr+−H Cr+−H2 Cr+−CH Cr+−CH2 Cr+−CH3 Cr+−C6H6 Cr+−indole Cr+−CO Cr+−OH Cr+−H2O Cr+−N2 Cr+−NH3 (CO)6Mo+−H Mo+−CH Mo+−CH2 Mo+−CH3 Mo+−CO Mo+−CO2 Mo+−CS Mo+−CS2 Mo+−NH Mo+−pyrrole (CO)6W+−H W+−CH W+−CH2 W+−CH3 (PMe3)3(CO)3W+−H W+−pyrrole

230 ±10 207.1 ±14 31.8 ±2.1 294 ±29 216 ±4 110 ±4 170 ±10 196.6 ±16.7 89.7 ±5.8 298 ±14 132.6 ±8.8 59 ±4 183 ±10 260 ±9 513.3 ±13.5 344.4 ±10 151.5 ±8.7 193.9 ±9.6 49.2 ±7 162 ±18 67.5 ±12.5 <385 >289 257 ±9 580 ±27 456.4 ±5.8 ~222.9 ±9.6 259.4 >209

(7) Group 7 (CO)5Mn+−H Mn+−H2 Mn+−CH2 Mn+−CH3 Mn+(CO)5−CH3 Mn+(CO)5−CH4 Mn+−(η5-C5H5) Mn+−C6H6 Mn+−OH Mn+−CO Mn+−H2O Mn+−CH3OH

172 ±10 7.9 ±1.7 295 ±13 215 ±10 132 ±15 >30 326.1 ±9.6 145 ±10 332 ±24 25 ±10 121.8 ±5.9 134 ±29

+

Bond

Bond Mn −OC(CH3)2 Mn+−CS Mn+−NH2 Mn+−NH3 Tc+−CH2 Tc+−C2H2 Re+(CH3)(CO)5−H (PMe3)(CO)2Re+−H

Do298/kJ mol–1 159 ±14 80.0 ±21 254 ±20 147 ±8 <464 <320 294 ±13 300.4

(8) Group 8 Fe+(O)−H Fe+(CO)−H Fe+(H2O)−H Fe+(η5-C5H5)−H (CO2)5Fe+−H Fe+−H2 Fe+−CH Fe+−CH2 Fe+−CH3 Fe+−CH4 Fe+−C2H2 Fe+−C2H3 Fe+−C2H4 Fe+−C2H5 Fe+−C2H6 Fe+−OH Fe+−CO Fe+D−CO Fe+−CO2 Fe+−H2O Fe+−N2 Fe+−NH3 Fe+−CS2 Fe+−imidazole Fe+−SiH Fe+−SiH2 Fe+−SiH3 Ru+(η5-C5H5)2−H (η5-C5Me5)2Ru+−H Ru+−CH Ru+−CH2 Ru+−CH3 Ru+−CS OsO4+−H

444 ±17 120 ±23 215 ±14 193 ±21 299 ±15 45.2 ±2.5 423 ±29 ≤342 ±2 229 ±5 73.2 159.0 ±2.1 238 ±10 145 ±11 233 ±9 64 ±6 366 ±12 129.3 ±3.9 53 ±13 74.3 ±7.7 128.9 ±0.8 53 ±4 184 ±12 166.1 ±4.6 246.1 ±13.8 254 ±13 181 ±9 183 ±9 292 ±16 284.5 501.7 ±11.6 344.4 ±4.8 160.2 ±5.8 253 ±20 552 ±13

(9) Group 9 (η5-C5H5)(CO)2Co+−H (CH3OD)Co+−H Co+−H2 (η5-C5H5)Co+−H2 Co+−CH Co+−CH2 Co+−CH3 Co+−CH4 Co+−C60 Co+−CO Co+−H2O Co+−CS Co+−N2 Co+−NH2 Co+−NH3

245 ±12 147.6 ±7.7 76.1 ±4.2 67.8 420 ±37 317 ±5 203 ±4 96.7 243 ±67 173.7 ±6.7 164.4 ±5.9 259 ±33 96.2 ±7.1 247 ±7 219 ±16

+

Bond Co −CH3CN Co+−P(CH3)3 Co+−P(C2H5)3 (CH)Rh+−H (η5-C5H5)(CO)2Rh+−H Rh+−CH Rh+−CH2 Rh+−CH3 Rh+−NO Rh+−CS (CO)(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)Ir+−H (CO)2(η5-C5Me5)Ir+−H Ir+−CH2 Ir+−C2H4

Do298/kJ mol–1 >255 ±17 278 ±11 339 ±16 372 ±21 287 ±12 444 ±12 356 ±8 142 ±6 167 ±21 234 ±19 313.4 298.3 >464 234.3

(10) Group 10 (CO)4Ni+−H (η5-C5H5)(NO)Ni+−H (η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H5)Ni+−H Ni+−H2 Ni+−CH Ni+−CH2 Ni+−CH3 Ni+−CH4 Ni+−OH Ni+−CO Ni+−CO2 Ni+−H2O Ni+−CS Ni+−N2 Ni+−NO Ni+−NH2 Ni+−NH3 Pd+−CH Pd+−CH2 Pd+−CH3 Pd+−CH4 Pd+−CS Pd+−C2H2 Pt+–H2 Pt+–CH Pt+–CH2 Pt+–CH3 Pt+–CH4 Pt+–O2 Pt+–CO Pt+–CO2 Pt+–NH3 Pt+–C2H4

248 ±9 315 ±14 215 ±13 72.4 ±1.3 301.0 ±11.6 306 ±4 169.8 ±6.8 96.5 ±4 235 ±19 175 ±11 104 ±1 183.7 ±3.3 234.5 ±9.6 110.9 ±10.5 227.6 ±7.5 232.5 ±7.7 238 ±19 536 ±10 463 ±3 258 ±8 170.8 ±7.7 200 ±14 >28.9 ±4.8 146.7 ±11.6 536.4 ±9.6 471 257.6 ±7.7 170.8 ±7.7 64.6 ±4.8 218.1 ±8.7 59.8 ±4.8 274 ±12 229.7

(11) Group 11 Cu+−H2 Cu+−CH2 Cu+−CH3 Cu+−C2H2 Cu+−C2H4 Cu+−C6H6 Cu+−CO Cu+−N2 Cu+−NO Cu+−H2O

51.9 ±0.4 267.3 ±6.8 111 ±7 >21.2 ±9.6 176 ±14 218.0 ±9.6 149 ±7 89 ±30 109.0 ±4.8 160.7 ±7.5

+

Bond Dissociation Energies Cu −NH2 Cu+−NH3 Cu+−CS Cu+−SiH Cu+−SiH2 Cu+−SiH3 Ag+−CH2 Ag+−CH3 Ag+−C2H5 Ag+−C6H6 Ag+−O2 Ag+−CO Ag+−H2O Ag+−CS Ag+−NH3 Au+−CH2 Au+−C2H4 Au+−C6H6 Au+−CO Au+−H2O Au+−H2S Au+−NH3 Au+−PH3 +

Bond

Do298/kJ mol–1 192 ±13 237 ±15 238.3 ±11.6 246 ±27 ≥231 ±7 97 ±25 ≥107 ±4 66.6 ±4.8 65.7 ±7.5 167 ±19 29.7 ±0.8 89 ±5 134 ±8 152 ±20 170 ±13 ≤372 ±3 344.5 289 ±29 201 ±8 164.0 ±9.6 230 ±25 297 ±29 402 ±33

(12) Group 12 Zn+−H2 Zn+−CH3 Zn+−OH Zn+−H2O Zn+−NO Zn+−pyrimidine Zn+−CS Cd+−CH3 Cd+(CH3)−CH3 Cd+−C6H6 Hg+−CH3 Hg+(CH3)−CH3

15.7 ±1.7 280 ±7 127.2 163 76.2 ±9.6 209.6 ±7.7 149 ±23 228 ±3 109 ±3 136 ±19 285 ±3 96 ±3

(13) Group 13 B+−H2 HB+−H2 (CH3)2B+−CH3 Al+−H2 Al+−N2 Al+−CO2 Al+−H2O Al+−MeOH Al+−EtC(O)Et Al+−C6H6 Al+−pyridine Al+−phenol Al+−imidazole Ga+−NH3 In+−NH3

15.9 ±0.8 61.5 ±2.1 32.6 ±4.2 5.6 ±0.6 5.6 ≥29.3 104 ±15 139.7 191.2 147.3 ±8.4 190.3 ±10.3 154.8 ±16.7 232.4 ±8.2 122.5 111.0

(14) Group 14 C58+−C2 C60+−C2 C62+−C2 C78+−C2 HC2+−H

955 ±15 822.0 ±12.5 846.2 ±10.6 938.8 ±10.6 574.749

9-79 Bond

C6H5 −H C2H3+−Cl C2H5+−Br C6H5+−Br CH3+−H2 CH5+−H2 C2H5+−H2 CO+−N2 H2CH+−N2 CO+−CO CO+(CO)−CO CO+(CO)2−CO CO+(CO)3−CO (CO2)+−CO2 (CO2)+(CO2)−CO2 (CO2)+(CO2)2−CO2 (CO2)+(CO2)3−CO2 CH3+−N2O CH3+−SO2 CH3+−OCS CH3+−CS2 CH3+−H2O CH3+(H2O)−H2O CH3+(H2O)2−H2O CH3+(H2O)3−H2O CH3+(H2O)4−H2O CH3+−H2S CH2+−CH2O CH3+−NH3 (CH3)+−CH3 CH3+−CH4 CF3+−CH4 (CH5)+−CH4 C6H6+−CH4 CH3+−CH3F CH3+−CF3Cl CH3+−CH3Cl tert-C4H9+−CH3OH tert-C4H9+−CH3CN tert-C4H9+−SO2F2 CH3+−C2H3O CH3+−CF3ClOCl tert--C4H9+−(CH3)2S tert-C4H9+−C2H5OH tert-C4H9+−C3H8 tert-C4H9+−t-C4H9Cl tert-C4H9+−(CH3)3CH tert-C4H9+−C6H6 (C6H6)+−C6H6 (C6H6)+−indole C6F6+−C6F6 C60+−C60 PhSiH2+−H Si+(CH3)3−Cl SiH3+−CO SiF3+−CO (CH3)3Si+−H2O (CH3)3Si+−NH3 Si+(CH3)(Cl)2−CH3 Si+(CH3)2(Cl)−CH3 +

Do298/kJ mol–1 376.3 ±4.8 247 ±4.8 126.4 266.3 186 7.9 ±0.4 17 67.5 ±19.3 31.8 173.7 ±14.6 52.3 30.2 18.4 70.3 34.7 21.3 20.1 ±1.3 221.3 253.6 239.3 251.9 279 106.3 87.9 61.9 48.5 344.8 303.0 ±2.9 431.4 209.2 ±4.2 166.5 19.0 28.7 ±1.3 12.0 230 221 259 63 85 43.5 338.7 ±2.9 252 185 85 27.6 339 30.1 92 73.6 54.8 30.1 ±4 35.89 ±7.72 159 178.5 ±1.9 ≥151 174.1 ±1.3 125.9 ±7.9 194.6 60.8 ±2.9 41.5 ±1.9

Si −CH3 Si+(CH3)−CH3 Si+(CH3)2−CH3 Si+(CH3)3−CH3 (CH3)3Si+−CH3OH (CH3)3Si+−(C2H5)2O (CH3)3Si+−C6H6 (CH3)3Si+−CH3NH2 (CH3)3Ge+−H2O (C2H5)3Ge+−H2O (CH3)3Sn+−NH3 (CH3)3Sn+−H2O (CH3)3Sn+−(CH3)2CO (CH3)3Sn+−C3H7SH Pb+−H2O Pb+−NH3 Pb+−CH3OH Pb+−CH3NH2 Pb+−C6H6

Do298/kJ mol–1 413.9 ±5.8 123 ±48 513 ±27 66.6 ±5.8 164.0 184.9 100.0 231.8 119.7 ±2.1 104.2 ±2.1 154 108 157 143 93.7 118.4 ±0.8 97.5 ±0.8 148.1 ± 1.3 110 ±2

(15) Group 15 H2N+−H H3N+−H Me3N+−H Et3N+−H (imidazole)+ −Zn N2H+−H2 ON+−O2 N+−N2 ON+−N2 N2+−N2 HN2+−N2 N3+−N2 O2N+−N2 H4N+−N2 ON+−NO ON+−CO ON+−O3 ON+−CO2 N2O+−ON2 NO+−ON2 (HON2)+−ON2 ON+−H2O ON+(H2O)−H2O ON+(H2O)2−H2O H4N+−H2O H4N+(H2O)−H2O H4N+(H2O)2−H2O H4N+(H2O)3−H2O H4N+(H2O)4−H2O (glycine)H+−H2O (tryptophan)H+−H2O (tryptophanylglicine)H+−H2O H4N+−H2S H+(NH3)−NH3 H+(NH3)2−NH3 H+(NH3)3−NH3 H+(NH3)4−NH3 H+(NH3)5−NH3 H+(NH3)6−NH3 NH4+−CH4

544.43 ±0.10 515.1 376 362 216.1 ±3.9 24.7 ±0.8 14.2 303.8 21.3 102.3 ±14.6 60.7 18.8 ±1.3 19.2 ±1.3 54 ±21 59.4 ±0.8 27.2 ±1.3 <58 32.2 72.8 ±6.3 36.4 ±0.8 69.9 ±4 95 67.4 56.5 86.2 ±4.2 72.8 ±4.2 57.3 ±4.2 51.0 44.4 77.2 ±11.0 31.2 ±2.5 56.0 ±5.3 47.7 108.8 69.5 57.3 49.0 29.3 27.2 15.0

+

Bond

Bond Dissociation Energies

9-80 Bond ON −CH3OH O2N+−CH3OH ( CH3CNH)+−CH3CN (pyridineH)+−pyridine (valine H)+−valine (betainH)+−betaine H4P+−H2O (H4P)+−PH3 AsH2+−H I2As+−acetone I2As+−benzene Bi+−H2O Bi+−NH3 Bi+−C6H6

Do298/kJ mol–1 97.6 80.3 ±9.6 130.1 ±9.6 105.4 ±4 86.6 ±8.4 139.9 ±4.8 54.4 48.1 257 106 ±17 77 ±17 95.4 149 ≤149

(16) Group 16 (H3O)+−H2 O+−O2 O+(O2)1−O2 O+(O2)2−O2 O2+−O2 O2+(O2)−O2 O2+(O2)2−O2 O2+(O2)3−O2 O2+(O2)4−O2 O2+(O2)5−O2 O+−N2 O2+−N2 (H3O)+−N2 O4+−N2 O2+−CO O2+−CO2 CO2+−CO2 (H3O)+−CO2 (H3O)+(CO2)−CO2 (H3O)+(CO2)2−CO2 (H3O)+(CO2)3−CO2 O2+−ON2 (H3O)+−ON2 (H3O)+(H2O)−ON2 (H3O)+(H2O)2−ON2 O3+−O3 OClO+−OClO

14.6 ±2.1 179.5 28.9 3.9 38.3 ±2.1 24.6 ±1.3 10.4 ±0.8 9.0 ±0.8 8.0 ±0.8 7.9 ±1.3 231.4 22.6 22.2 ±2.1 12.3 31.8 41.0 ±2.1 65.3 ±4 64.0 51.9 43.9 18.0 56.1 ±4 70.7 ±6.5 50.6 ±2.1 42.7 ±2.1 67.5 ±39 246 ±48

+

Bond

O2 −H2O (OH)+(H2O)2−H2O (OH)+(H2SO4)(H2O)4−H2O (OH)+(H2SO4)(H2O)5−H2O (OH)+(H2SO4)(H2O)6−H2O (H2O)+−H2O (H3O)+−H2O (H3O)+(H2O)−H2O (H3O)+(H2O)2−H2O (H3O)+(H2O)3−H2O (H3O)+(H2O)4−H2O (H3O)+(H2O)5−H2O (H3O)+(H2O)6−H2O (HCOOH)H+−H2O CH3OH2+−H2O CH3CHOH+−H2O (CH3)2OH+−H2O (tetrahydrofuranH)+−H2O (furanH)+−H2O furane+−H2O (phenol)+−H2O (1-naphthol)+−H2O H3O+−HC(O)H H3O+−NH3 H3O+(NH3)−NH3 H3O+(NH3)2−NH3 H3O+(NH3)3−NH3 H3O+−PH3 H3O+−SO3 (HCOOH)+−HCOOH H3O+−CH4 (CH3OH)+−CH3OH CH3OH2+−CH3OH H3O+−CH3CN furan+−furan BH+−B, B = tetrahydofuran S+−CS2 CS+−CS2 CS2+−CS2 HCS2+−CS2 OS+−SO2 O2S+−SO2 +

Do298/kJ mol–1 >67 87.4 56.9 49.8 44.8 164.0 140.2 93.3 71.1 64.0 54.4 49.0 43.1 100.8 115.6 104.6 100.4 82.8 43.5 41.0 78.0 66.4 137.7 229.3 77.0 71.5 62.8 144 74 96.5 ±9.6 33.5 115.8 ±19.3 136.4 195.4 94.1 125.1 166 150.6 104.2 46.4 57.7 63.6

OCS −OCS OCS+−CO2 SO2+−CO2 H3S+−H2O thiopheneH+−H2O H3S+−H2S H3S+−CH4 (CH3)2Se•+−Se(CH3)2 (CH3)2Te•+−Te(CH3)2

Do298/kJ mol–1 100.0 72.0 42.7 91.6 42.7 53.6 ±6.3 16.3 ~95 ±3 97 ±2

(17) Group 17 HF+−HF (H2Cl)+ −Cl HCl+−HCl Cl+−CCl3 Cl+−C2H3 HBr+−HBr I+−CH3 I+(CH3I)−CH3 I+(CH3I)2−CH3

≥138 39.6 83.9 446.7 ±9.6 685.0 ±4.8 96 330.0 51.1 112.9

(18) Group 18 He+(He)1−He He+(He)2−He Ne+(Ne)−Ne Ne+(Ne)2−Ne Ar+(Ar)−Ar Ar+(Ar)2−Ar Ar+(N2)−Ar Ar+(N2)(Ar)−Ar Ar+(N2)(Ar)2−Ar Kr+(Kr)−Kr Kr+(Kr)2−Kr Xe+(Xe)−Xe Xe+(Xe)2−Xe Ar+−H2 Ar+−N2 Ar+(N2)−N2 Ar+(N2)2−N2 Ar+−CO Ar+(CO)−CO Kr+−CO Kr+−CO2

17.6 2.7 ±0.6 10.3 ±0.6 3.3 ±0.6 20.4 ±0.6 7.0 ±0.6 25.1 7.1 7.1 23.3 ±0.6 9.0 ±0.6 25.2 ±0.6 11.0 ±0.6 93.7 127.6 31.0 10.9 75 ±17 13 103.3 ±7.5 79.1 ±2.9

+

Bond

ELECTRONEGATIVITY Electronegativity is a parameter originally introduced by Pauling which describes, on a relative basis, the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract bonding electrons. While electronegativity is not a precisely defined molecular property, the electronegativity difference between two atoms provides a useful measure of the polarity and ionic character of the bond between them. This table gives the electronegativity X, on the Pauling scale, for the most common oxidation state. Other scales are described in the references. Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

Symbol H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge

X 2.20 — 0.98 1.57 2.04 2.55 3.04 3.44 3.98 — 0.93 1.31 1.61 1.90 2.19 2.58 3.16 — 0.82 1.00 1.36 1.54 1.63 1.66 1.55 1.83 1.88 1.91 1.90 1.65 1.81 2.01

Z 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

References 1. Pauling, L., The Nature of the Chemical Bond, Third Edition, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1960. 2. Allen, L. C., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 9003, 1989. 3. Allred, A. L., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 17, 215, 1961.

Symbol As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd

X 2.18 2.55 2.96 — 0.82 0.95 1.22 1.33 1.6 2.16 2.10 2.2 2.28 2.20 1.93 1.69 1.78 1.96 2.05 2.1 2.66 2.60 0.79 0.89 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.14 — 1.17 — 1.20

Z 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Symbol Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu

X — 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 — 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 — 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.3

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FORCE CONSTANTS FOR BOND STRETCHING Representative force constants (f) for stretching of chemical bonds are listed in this table. Except where noted, all force constants are derived from values of the harmonic vibrational frequencies ωe. Values derived from the observed vibrational fundamentals ν, which are noted by a, are lower than the harmonic force constants, typically by 2 to 3% in the case of heavy atoms (often by 5 to 10% if one of the atoms is hydrogen). Values are given in the SI unit newton per centimeter (N/cm), which is identical to the commonly used cgs unit mdyn/Å. Bond H-H Be-H B-H C-H

N-H O-H P-H S-H F-H Cl-H Br-H I-H Li-H Na-H K-H Rb-H Cs-H C-C

C-F C-Cl

C-Br C-I C-O

C-S

a b c

Molecule H2 BeH BH CH CH4 C2H6 CH3CN CH3Cl CCl2=CH2 HCN NH OH H2O PH SH H2S HF HCl HBr HI LiH NaH KH RbH CsH C2 CCl2=CH2 C2H6 CH3CN CF CH3F CCl CH3Cl CCl2=CH2 CH3Br CH3I CO CO2 OCS CH3OH CS CS2

f/(N/cm) 5.75 2.27 3.05 4.48 5.44 4.83 5.33 5.02 5.57 6.22 5.97 7.80 8.45 3.22 4.23 4.28 9.66 5.16 4.12 3.14 1.03 0.78 0.56 0.52 0.47 12.16 8.43 4.50 5.16 7.42 5.71 3.95 3.44 4.02 2.89 2.34 19.02 16.00 16.14 5.42 8.49 7.88

Note

References 1. Huber, K. P., and Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1979. 2. Shimanouchi, T., The Molecular Force Field, in Eyring, H., Henderson, D., and Yost, W., Eds., Physical Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise, Vol. IV, Academic Press, New York, 1970. 3. Tasumi, M., and Nakata, M., Pure and Appl. Chem., 57, 121—147, 1985. Bond C-N

b a,b,c b a,b,c b

C-P Si-Si Si-O Si-F Si-Cl N-N N-O P-P P-O O-O S-O

a,c

a,c a,c b a,c a,c

a,c

S-S F-F Cl-F Br-F Cl-Cl Br-Cl Br-Br I-I Li-Li Li-Na Na-Na Li-F Li-Cl Li-Br Li-I Na-F Na-Cl Na-Br Na-I Be-O Mg-O Ca-O

Molecule OCS CN HCN CH3CN CH3NH2 CP Si2 SiO SiF SiCl N2 N2O NO N2O P2 PO O2 O3 SO SO2 S2 F2 ClF BrF Cl2 BrCl Br2 I2 Li2 LiNa Na2 LiF LiCl LiBr LiI NaF NaCl NaBr NaI BeO MgO CaO

f/(N/cm) 7.44 16.29 18.78 18.33 5.12 7.83 2.15 9.24 4.90 2.63 22.95 18.72 15.95 11.70 5.56 9.45 11.77 5.74 8.30 10.33 4.96 4.70 4.48 4.06 3.23 2.82 2.46 1.72 0.26 0.21 0.17 2.50 1.43 1.20 0.97 1.76 1.09 0.94 0.76 7.51 3.48 3.61

Note

a,c

a a

Derived from fundamental frequency, without anharmonicity correction. Average of symmetric and antisymmetric (or degenerate) modes. Calculated from Local Symmetry Force Field (see Reference 2).

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FUNDAMENTAL VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF SMALL MOLECULES This table lists the fundamental vibrational frequencies of selected three-, four-, and five-atom molecules. Both stable molecules and transient free radicals are included. The data have been taken from evaluated sources. In general, the selected values are based on gas-phase infrared, Raman, or ultraviolet spectra; when these were not available, liquid-phase or matrix-isolation spectra were used. Molecules are grouped by structural type. Within each group, related molecules appear together for convenient comparison. The vibrational modes are described by their approximate character in terms of stretching, bending, deformation, etc. However, it should be emphasized that most such descriptions are only approximate, and that the true normal mode usually involves a mixture of motions. Abbreviations are:

sym. antisym. str. deform. scis. rock. deg.

In the case of free radicals, strong interactions may exist between the electronic and bending vibrational motions. Details can be found in References 3 and 4. The references should be consulted for information on the accuracy of the data and for data on other molecules not listed here. All fundamental frequencies (more precisely, wavenumbers) are given in units of cm–1.

XY2 Molecules Molecule

XY2 Molecules

Point groups D∞h(linear) and C2v(bent)

CO2 CS2 C3 CNC NCN BO2 BS2 KrF2 XeF2 XeCl2 H2O D 2O F2O Cl2O O3 H2S D 2S SF2 SCl2 SO2 H2Se D2Se

Structure

Sym. str.

Bend

Antisym. str.

Molecule

Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent

1333 658 1224

667 397 63 321 423 447 120 233 213

2349 1535 2040 1453 1476 1278 1015 590 555 481 3756 2788 831 686 1042 2626 1999 813 535 1362 2358 1696

NH2 NO2 NF2 ClO2 CH2 CD2 CF2 CCl2 CBr2 SiH2 SiD2 SiF2 SiCl2 SiBr2 GeH2 GeCl2 SnF2 SnCl2 SnBr2 PbF2 PbCl2 ClF2

1197 1056 510 449 515 316 3657 2671 928 639 1103 2615 1896 838 525 1151 2345 1630

symmetric antisymmetric stretch deformation scissors rocking degenerate

1595 1178 461 296 701 1183 855 357 208 518 1034 745

Point groups D∞h(linear) and C2v(bent) Structure

Sym. str.

Bend

Antisym. str.

Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent

3219 1318 1075 945

1497 750 573 445 963 752 667 333 196 990 729 345

3301 1618 942 1111

XYZ Molecules

1225 721 595 2032 1472 855 515 403 1887 399 593 352 244 531 314 500

920 159 197 120 80 165 99

1114 748 641 2022 1468 870 505 400 1864 374 571 334 231 507 299 576

XYZ Molecules

Point Groups C∞v (linear) and Cs(bent)

Point Groups C∞v (linear) and Cs(bent)

Molecule

Structure

XY str.

Bend

YZ str.

Molecule

Structure

XY str.

Bend

YZ str.

HCN DCN FCN ClCN BrCN ICN CCN CCO HCO HCC OCS NCO

Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Bent Linear Linear Linear

3311 2630 1077 744 575 486 1060 1063 2485 3612 2062 1270

712 569 451 378 342 305 230 379 1081

2097 1925 2323 2216 2198 2188 1917 1967 1868 1848 859 1921

NNO HNB HNC HNSi HBO FBO ClBO BrBO FNO ClNO BrNO HNF

Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Linear Bent Bent Bent Bent

2224 3675 3653 3583

589

1285 2035 2032 1198 1817 2075 1958 1937 1844 1800 1799 1000

520 535

676 535 766 596 542

523 754 500 404 374 520 332 266 1419

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Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules

9-80 XYZ Molecules

XYZ Molecules

Point Groups C∞v (linear) and Cs(bent)

Point Groups C∞v (linear) and Cs(bent)

Molecule

Structure

XY str.

Bend

YZ str.

Molecule

Structure

XY str.

Bend

YZ str.

HNO HPO HOF HOCl HOO FOO ClOO BrOO HSO

Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent

2684 2095 3537 3609 3436 579 407

1501 983 886 1242 1392 376 373

1565 1179 1393 725 1098 1490 1443 1487 1009

NSF NSCl HCF HCCl HSiF HSiCl HSiBr

Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent Bent

1372 1325

366 273 1407 1201 860 808 774

640 414 1181 815 834 522 408

1063

1913 1548

Symmetric XY3 Molecules

Molecule C2H2 C2D2 C2N2

Section 09 book.indb 80

Sym. XY str. 3374 2701 2330

Point Groups D3h (planar) and C3v (pyramidal)

Molecule

Structure

NH3 ND3 PH3 AsH3 SbH3 NF3 PF3 AsF3 PCl3 PI3 AsI3 AlCl3 SO3 BF3 BH3 CH3 CD3 CF3 SiF3

Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Pyram. Planar Planar Planar Planar Planar Pyram. Pyram.

Sym. str. 3337 2420 2323 2116 1891 1032 892 741 504 303 219 375 1065 888

1090 830

Sym. deform. 950 748 992 906 782 647 487 337 252 111 94 183 498 691 1125 606 453 701 427

Deg. str. 3444 2564 2328 2123 1894 907 860 702 482 325 224 595 1391 1449 2808 3161 2369 1260 937

Deg. deform. 1627 1191 1118 1003 831 492 344 262 198 79 71 150 530 480 1640 1396 1029 510 290

Linear XYYX Molecules

Planar X2YZ Molecules

Point Group D∞h

Point Group C2v

Antisym. XY str. 3289 2439 2158

YY str. 1974 1762 851

Bend

Bend

612 505 507

730 537 233

Molecule H2CO D2CO F2CO Cl2CO O2NF O2NCl

Sym.XY str.

YZ str.

YX2 scis.

2783 2056 965 567 1310 1286

1746 1700 1928 1827 822 793

1500 1106 584 285 568 370

Antisym. XY str. 2843 2160 1249 849 1792 1685

YX2 rock 1249 990 626 440 560 408

YX2 wag 1167 938 774 580 742 652

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Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies of Small Molecules

References

Tetrahedral XY4 Molecules Point Group Td

Molecule CH4 CD4 CF4 CCl4 CBr4 CI4 SiH4 SiD4 SiF4 SiCl4 GeH4 GeD4 GeCl4 SnCl4 TiCl4 ZrCl4 HfCl4 RuO4 OsO4

Section 09 book.indb 81

Sym. str.

Deg. deform.(e)

Deg. str.(f )

2917 2109 909 459 267 178 2187 1558 800 424 2106 1504 396 366 389 377 382 885 965

1534 1092 435 217 122 90 975 700 268 150 931 665 134 104 114 98 102 322 333

3019 2259 1281 776 672 555 2191 1597 1032 621 2114 1522 453 403 498 418 390 921 960

9-81

Deg. deform.(f ) 1306 996 632 314 182 125 914 681 389 221 819 596 172 134 136 113 112 336 329

1. T. Shimanouchi, Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Consolidated Volume I, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), 39, 1972. 2. T. Shimanouchi, Tables of Molecular Vibrational Frequencies, Consolidated Volume II, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 6, 993, 1977. 3. G. Herzberg, Electronic Spectra and Electronic Structure of Polyatomic Molecules, D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, NJ, 1966. 4. M. E. Jacox, Ground state vibrational energy levels of polyatomic transient molecules, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 945, 1984.

5/3/05 12:11:30 PM

SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES This table lists the leading spectroscopic constants and equilibrium internuclear distance re in the ground electronic state for selected diatomic molecules. The constants are those describing the vibrational and rotational energy through the expressions: Evib /hc = ωe(v + 1/2) – ωexe(v + 1/2)2 + … Erot /hc = BvJ(J + 1) – Dv[J(J + 1)]2 + … where Bv = Be – αe(v+1/2) + … Dv = De + … Here v and J are the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, respectively, h is Planck’s constant, and c is the speed of light. In this customary formulation the constants ωe, Be , etc. have dimensions of inverse length; in this table they are given in units of cm–1. Users should note that higher order terms in the above energy expressions are required for very precise calculations; constants for many of these terms can be found in the references. Also, if the ground electronic state is not 1Σ, additional terms are needed to account for the interaction between electronic and pure rotational angular momentum. For some molecules in the table the data have been analyzed in terms of the Dunham series expansion: E/hc = Σlm Ylm(v+1/2)lJm(J+1)m Molecule 107 Ag79Br 107 Ag35Cl 107 Ag19F 107 Ag1H 107 Ag2H 107 Ag127I 107 Ag16O 27 Al2 27 Al79Br 27 Al35Cl 27 Al19F 27 Al1H 27 Al2H 27 Al127I 27 Al16O 27 Al32S 75 As2 75 As1H 75 As2H 75 As14N 75 As16O 197 Au2 197 Au1H 197 Au2H 11 B2 11 79 B Br 11 35 B Cl 11 19 B F 11 1 BH 11 2 BH 11 14 B N 11 16 B O

State 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π1/2 3 Σ g1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 Σg+ 3 Σ 3 Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π1/2 1 Σ g+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 3 Σ g1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 3 Π 2 + Σ

ωe cm–1 249.57 343.49 513.45 1759.9 1250.70 206.50 490.2 350.01 378.0 481.30 802.3 1682.56 1211.95 316.1 979.23 617.1 429.55 2130* 1484* 1068.54 967.08 190.9 2305.01 1634.98 1051.3 684.31 840.29 1402.1 2366.9 1703.3 1514.6 1885.69

ωexe cm–1 0.63 1.17 2.59 34.06 17.17 0.46 3.1 2.02 1.28 1.95 4.77 29.09 15.14 1.0 6.97 3.33 1.12

5.41 4.85 0.42 43.12 21.65 9.35 3.52 5.49 11.8 49.40 28 12.3 11.81

In such cases it has been assumed that Y10 = ωe , Y01 = Be , etc., although in the highest approximations these identities are not precisely correct. Some of the values of re in the table have been corrected for breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, which can affect the last decimal place. Because of differences in the method of data analysis and limitations in the model, care should be taken in comparing re values for different molecules to a precision beyond 0.001 Å. Molecules are listed in alphabetical order by formula as written in the most common form. In most cases this form places the more electropositive element first, but there are exceptions such as OH, NH, CH, etc. * Indicates a value for the interval between v = 0 and v = 1 states instead of a value of ωe.

References 1. Huber, K. P., and Herzberg, G., Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1979. 2. Lovas, F. J., and Tiemann, E., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 3, 609, 1974. 3. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/6 (1974), II/14a (1982), II/14b (1983), II/19a (1992), II/19d-1 (1995), Molecular Constants, SpringerVerlag, Heidelberg. Be cm–1 0.064833 0.12298388 0.2657020 6.449 3.2572 0.04486821 0.3020 0.2054 0.15919713 0.24393012 0.5524798 6.3907 3.3186 0.11769985 0.6414 0.2799 0.10179 7.3067 3.6688 0.54551 0.48482 0.028013 7.2401 3.6415 1.212 0.4894 0.684282 1.516950 12.021 6.54 1.666 1.7820

αe cm–1 0.0002361 0.00059541 0.0019206 0.201 0.0722 0.0001414 0.0025 0.0012 0.00086045 0.00161113 0.0049841 0.1858 0.0697 0.00055859 0.0058 0.0018 0.000333 0.2117 0.003366 0.003299 0.0000723 0.2136 0.07614 0.014 0.0035 0.006812 0.019056 0.412 0.17 0.025 0.0166

De 10–6cm–1 0.0175 0.06305 0.284 344 85.9 0.00847 0.45 0.31 0.11285 0.2503 1.0464 356.5 97 1.08 0.22 327 90 0.53 0.49 0.00250 279 70.9 1.00 1.84 7.105 1242 400 8.1 6.32

re Å 2.39311 2.28079 1.98318 1.618 1.6180 2.54463 2.003 2.466 2.29481 2.13011 1.65437 1.6478 1.6463 2.53710 1.6179 2.029 2.1026 1.52315 1.5306 1.6184 1.6236 2.4719 1.5239 1.5238 1.590 1.888 1.71528 1.26267 1.2324 1.2324 1.281 1.2045

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Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules Molecule 11 32 B S 138 Ba79Br 138 Ba35Cl 138 Ba19F 138 Ba1H 138 Ba2H 138 Ba127I 138 Ba16O 138 Ba32S 9 Be19F 9 Be1H 9 Be2H 9 Be16O 9 Be32S 209 Bi2 209 1 Bi H 209 2 Bi H 79 Br2 79 Br35Cl 79 Br19F 79 Br16O 12 C2 12 35 C Cl 12 19 C F 12 1 CH 12 2 CH 12 14 C N 12 16 C O 12 31 C P 12 32 C S 12 80 C Se 40 Ca35Cl 40 Ca19F 40 Ca1H 40 Ca2H 40 Ca127I 40 Ca16O 40 Ca32S 114 Cd1H 114 Cd2H 35 Cl2 35 Cl19F 35 Cl16O 52 Cr1H 52 Cr2H 52 Cr16O 133 Cs2 133 Cs79Br 133 Cs35Cl 133 Cs19F 133 Cs1H 133 Cs2H 133 Cs127I 133 Cs16O 63 Cu2 63 Cu79Br 65 Cu35Cl 63 Cu19F 63 Cu1H 63 Cu2H

Section 09 book.indb 83

State 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 Σ g+ 3 Σ 3 Σ 1 Σ g+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π3/2 1 Σ g+ 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 Σ g+ 1 + Σ 2 Π3/2 6 + Σ 6 + Σ 5 Π 1 Σ g+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 Σg+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ

ωe cm–1 1180.17 193.77 279.92 468.9 1168.31 829.77 152.14 669.76 379.42 1247.36 2060.78 1530.32 1487.32 997.94 172.71 1635.73 1173.32 325.32 444.28 670.75 779 1854.71 866.72* 1308.1 2858.5 2099.8 2068.59 2169.81 1239.67 1285.15 1035.36 367.53 581.1 1298.34 910* 238.70 732.03 462.23 1337.1*

ωexe cm–1 6.31 0.41 0.82 1.79 14.50 7.32 0.27 2.03 0.88 9.12 36.31 20.71 11.83 6.14 0.34 31.6 16.1 1.08 1.84 4.05 6.8 13.34 6.2 11.10 63.0 34.02 13.09 13.29 6.86 6.50 4.86 1.31 2.74 19.10

559.7 786.15 853.8 1581* 1182* 898.4 42.02 149.66 214.17 352.56 891.0 619.1* 119.18 357.5* 264.55 314.8 415.29 622.7 1941.26 1384.14

2.68 6.16 5.5 32

0.63 4.83 1.78

6.8 0.08 0.37 0.73 1.62 12.9 0.25 1.02 0.96 1.58 3.95 37.51 18.97

9-83 Be cm–1 0.7949 0.0415082 0.08396717 0.2159 3.38285 1.7071 0.02680587 0.3126140 0.10331 1.4889 10.3164 5.6872 1.6510 0.79059 0.022781 5.137 2.592 0.082107 0.152470 0.35584 0.429598 1.8198 0.6936 1.4172 14.457 7.806 1.8997830 1.93128075 0.7986 0.8200434 0.5750 0.1522302 0.339 4.2766 2.1769 0.0693263 0.444441 0.1766757 5.323 2.704 0.2440 0.516479 0.62345 6.220 3.14 0.5231 0.0127 0.03606925 0.07209149 0.18436969 2.7099 1.354 0.02362736 0.223073 0.10874 0.10192625 0.17628802 0.3794029 7.9441 4.0381

αe cm–1 0.0061 0.0001219 0.00033429 0.0012 0.06599 0.02363 0.00006634 0.0013921 0.0003188 0.0176 0.3030 0.1225 0.0190 0.00664 0.000055 0.148 0.054 0.0003187 0.000770 0.00261 0.003639 0.0177 0.00672 0.0184 0.534 0.208 0.0173717 0.01750390 0.00597 0.0059182 0.00379 0.0007990 0.0026 0.0970 0.035 0.0002634 0.003282 0.0008270

0.0015 0.004358 0.0058 0.179 0.0070 0.0000264 0.00012401 0.00033756 0.0011756 0.0579 0.00006826 0.001303 0.000614 0.00045214 0.00099647 0.0032298 0.2563 0.0917

De 10–6cm–1 1.40 0.00762 0.03022 0.175 112.67 28.77 0.00333 0.2724 0.0306 8.28 1022.1 313.8 8.20 2.00 0.00150 183 50.6 0.02092 0.07183 0.401 0.523 6.92 1.9 6.5 1450 420 6.4034 6.1216 1.33 1.336 0.71 0.1029 0.45 183.7 47.9 0.0234 0.6541 0.1032 314 76 0.186 0.88 1.33 347 88.8 0.00464 0.00838 0.03268 0.20168 113 20 0.00371 0.348 0.0716 0.04274 0.12706 0.563 520 136.2

re Å 1.6092 2.84449 2.68276 2.163 2.23175 2.2304 3.08476 1.93969 2.5074 1.3610 1.3426 1.3419 1.3309 1.7415 2.6596 1.805 1.804 2.2811 2.13607 1.75894 1.717 1.2425 1.6450 1.2718 1.1199 1.1190 1.17181 1.12823 1.562 1.53482 1.67609 2.43676 1.967 2.0025 2.002 2.82859 1.8221 2.31775 1.781 1.775 1.988 1.62831 1.56963 1.656 1.664 1.615 4.47 3.07225 2.90627 1.34535 2.4938 2.505 3.31519 2.3007 2.2197 2.17344 2.05118 1.74493 1.46263 1.4626

5/3/05 12:11:34 PM

Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules

9-84 Molecule 63 Cu127I 63 Cu16O 63 Cu32S 19 F2 56 Fe16O 69 Ga81Br 69 Ga35Cl 69 Ga19F 69 Ga1H 69 Ga2H 69 Ga127I 69 Ga16O 74 Ge79Br 74 Ge35Cl 72 Ge1H 72 Ge2H 74 Ge16O 74 Ge32S 74 Ge80Se 74 Ge130Te 1 H2 2 H2 3 H2 1 81 H Br 2 81 H Br 1 35 H Cl 2 35 H Cl 1 19 H F 2 19 H F 1 127 H I 202 Hg1H 202 Hg2H 127 I2 127 79 I Br 127 35 I Cl 127 19 I F 127 16 I O 115 In81Br 115 In35Cl 115 In19F 115 In1H 115 In2H 115 In127I 39 K2 39 79 K Br 39 35 K Cl 39 19 K F 39 1 KH 39 2 KH 39 127 K I 139 La16O 7 Li2 7 79 Li Br 7 35 Li Cl 7 19 Li F 7 1 Li H 7 2 Li H 7 127 Li I 7 16 Li O 24 Mg2

Section 09 book.indb 84

State 1 + Σ 2 Π3/2 2 Π3/2 1 Σg+ 5 ∆ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Σ 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 Σg+ 1 Σg+ 1 Σg+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 Σg+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π3/2 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 Σg+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 Σg+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π 1 Σg+

ωe cm–1 264.5 640.17 415.0 916.64 965* 263.0 365.67 622.2 1604.52 216.38 767.5 295 407.6 1833.77 1320.09 986.49 575.8 408.7 323.9 4401.21 3115.50 2546.5 2648.97 1884.75 2990.95 2145.16 4138.32 2998.19 2309.01 1203.24* 896.12* 214.50 268.64 384.29 610.24 681.5 221.0 317.39 535.4 1476.0 1048.2 177.08 92.02 213 281 426.26 983.6 707 186.53 812.8 351.43 563.2 642.95 910.57 1405.65 1054.80 496.85 814.62 51.12

ωexe cm–1 0.60 4.43 1.75 11.24 0.81 1.25 3.2 28.77 0.47 6.24 0.7 1.36 37 19 4.47 1.80 1.36 0.75 121.34 61.82 41.23 45.22 22.72 52.82 27.18 89.88 45.76 39.64

0.61 0.81 1.50 3.12 4.3 0.65 1.03 2.6 25.61 12.4 0.34 0.28 0.80 1.30 2.45 14.3 7.7 0.57 2.22 2.61 3.5 4.47 8.21 23.20 12.94 2.85 7.78 1.64

Be cm–1 0.07328742 0.44454 0.1891 0.89019 0.650 0.081839 0.1499046 0.3595161 6.137 3.083 0.0569359 0.4271

αe cm–1 0.00028390 0.00456

6.726 3.415 0.4856981 0.18656576 0.09634051 0.06533821 60.853 30.444 20.335 8.46488 4.245596 10.59342 5.448796 20.9557 11.0102 6.4263650 5.3888 2.739 0.03737 0.0568325 0.1141587 0.2797111 0.34026 0.05489468 0.1090583 0.2623241 4.995 2.523 0.03686702 0.056743 0.08122109 0.1286348 0.27993741 3.416400 1.754 0.06087473 0.35252001 0.67264 0.555399 0.7065225 1.3452583 7.51373 4.23310 0.4431766 1.212830 0.09287

0.192 0.070 0.0030787 0.00074910 0.00028904 0.00017246 3.062 1.0786 0.5887 0.23328 0.084 0.30718 0.113292 0.798 0.3017 0.1689

0.013847 0.0003207 0.0007936 0.0028642 0.181 0.06 0.0001897

0.000114 0.0001969 0.0005354 0.0018738 0.00270 0.00018672 0.0005177 0.0018798 0.143 0.051 0.00010411 0.000165 0.00040481 0.0007899 0.00233492 0.085313 0.0318 0.00026776 0.00142365 0.00704 0.005644 0.0080102 0.0202887 0.21665 0.09155 0.0040862 0.017899 0.00378

De 10–6cm–1 0.02244 0.85 0.18 3.3 0.72 0.032 0.1008 0.50 342 84 0.015770 0.37

re Å 2.33832 1.7244 2.051 1.41193 1.444 2.35248 2.20169 1.77437 1.663 1.663 2.57464 1.744

326 83.2 0.4709 0.07883 0.02207 0.012 47100 11410

1.5880 1.5874 1.62464 2.01209 2.13463 2.34017 0.74144 0.74152 0.74142 1.41444 1.4145 1.27455 1.27458 0.91681 0.91694 1.60916 1.7662 1.757 2.666 2.46899 2.32088 1.90976 1.8676 2.54315 2.40117 1.98540 1.8380 1.837 2.75364 3.9051 2.82078 2.66665 2.17146 2.243 2.240 3.04784 1.82591 2.6729 2.17043 2.02067 1.56386 1.59490 1.5941 2.39192 1.68822 3.891

345.8 88.32 531.94 140 2151 594 206.9 395.3 91 0.0043 0.0102 0.0403 0.2356 0.36 0.01350 0.0515 0.252 223 58 0.00639 0.0863 0.04462 0.1087 0.4829 163.55 50 0.02593 0.2626 9.87 2.159 3.409 11.745 862 276 1.4104 0.1079 1.22

5/3/05 12:11:36 PM

Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules Molecule 24 Mg35Cl 24 Mg19F 24 Mg1H 24 Mg2H 24 Mg16O 55 Mn1H 55 Mn2H 14 N2 14 79 N Br 14 35 N Cl 14 19 N F 14 1 NH 14 2 NH 14 16 N O 14 32 N S 23 Na2 23 Na79Br 23 Na35Cl 23 Na19F 23 Na1H 23 Na2H 23 Na127I 23 Na16O 93 Nb16O 58 Ni1H 58 Ni2H 16 O2 16 1 OH 16 2 OH 31 P2 31 35 P Cl 31 19 P F 31 1 PH 31 2 PH 31 14 P N 31 16 P O 208 Pb2 208 Pb79Br 208 Pb35Cl 208 Pb19F 208 Pb1H 208 Pb16O 208 Pb32S 208 Pb80Se 208 Pb130Te 195 Pt12C 195 Pt1H 195 Pt2H 85 Rb79Br 85 Rb35Cl 85 Rb19F 85 Rb1H 85 Rb127I 85 Rb16O 32 S2 32 19 S F 32 1 SH 32 2 SH 32 16 S O 121 Sb35Cl

Section 09 book.indb 85

State 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 7 Σ 7 Σ 1 Σg+ 3 Σ 3 Σ 3 Σ 3 Σ 3 Σ 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 1 Σg+ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π 4 Σ 2 ∆5/2 2 ∆5/2 3 Σg2 Π3/2 2 Π3/2 1 Σg+ 3 Σ 3 Σ 3 Σ 3 Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π1/2 Π1/2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 ∆5/2 2 ∆5/2 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 3 Σg2 Π3/2 2 Π3/2 2 Π3/2 3 Σ 3 Σ 2 2

ωe cm–1 462.12* 711.69* 1495.20 1077.9 784.78 1548.0 1103 2358.57 691.75 827.96 1141.37 3282.3 2398 1904.20 1218.7 159.13 302 366 535.66 1172.2 826.1* 258 492.3 989.0 1926.6 1390.1 1580.19 3737.76 2720.24 780.77 551.38 846.75 2365.2 1699.2 1337.24 1233.34 110.5 207.5 303.9 502.73 1564.1 720.96 429.17 277.6 212.0 1051.13 2294.68* 1644.3* 169.46 228 376 936.9 138.51 388.4* 725.65

ωexe cm–1 2.1 4.9 31.89 16.1 5.26 28.8 13.9 14.32 4.72 5.30 8.99 78.4 42 14.07 7.28 0.72 1.5 2.05 3.57 19.72

2711.6 1885 1149.2 374.7

59.9 31 5.6 0.6

1.1 3.8 38 19 11.98 84.88 44.05 2.84 2.23 4.49 44.5 23.0 6.98 6.56 0.35 0.50 0.88 2.28 29.75 3.52 1.26 0.51 0.43 4.86 46 23 0.46 0.92 1.9 14.21 0.33 2.84

9-85 Be cm–1 0.2456154 0.51922 5.8257 3.0306 0.57470436 5.6841 2.8957 1.99824 0.444 0.649770 1.2057 16.6993 8.7913 1.67195 0.769602 0.154707 0.1512533 0.2180631 0.4369011 4.9033634 2.557089 0.1178056 0.424630 0.4321 7.700 3.992 1.44563 18.911 10.021 0.30362 0.2528748 0.5665 8.5371 4.4081 0.7864854 0.7337

αe cm–1 0.0016204 0.00470 0.1859 0.06289 0.00532377 0.1570 0.051 0.017318 0.0040 0.006414 0.01492 0.6490 0.2531 0.0171 0.0064 0.008736 0.0009410 0.0016248 0.0045580 0.1370919 0.051600 0.0006478 0.004506 0.0021 0.23 0.092 0.0159 0.7242 0.276 0.00149 0.0015119 0.00456 0.2514 0.0928 0.0055364 0.0055

De 10–6cm–1 0.2723 1.080 344 92 1.2328 303.9 79.5 5.76

0.22875 4.971 0.30730373 0.11632307 0.05059953 0.03130774 0.53044 7.1963 3.640 0.04752798 0.0876404 0.2106640 3.020 0.03283293 0.246481 0.2955 0.552174 9.5995 4.95130 0.7208171

0.001473 0.144 0.00190977 0.00043510 0.00012993 0.00006743 0.003273 0.1996 0.071 0.00018596 0.0004537 0.0015228 0.072 0.00010946 0.002174 0.001570

0.183 201 0.2138 0.03418 0.0070 0.0027 0.546 261 66 0.01496 0.04947 0.2684 123 0.00738 0.397 0.19

0.2785 0.10308 0.005737

480.6 130 1.134

1.598 5.39 1709.7 490.4 0.5 1.2 0.581 0.1554 0.3120 1.163 343.40 93.46 0.0973 1.2638 0.22 481 130 4.839 1938 537.4 0.188 0.2124 436 116 1.091 1.3

re Å 2.19639 1.7500 1.7297 1.7302 1.74838 1.7311 1.7310 1.09769 1.79 1.61071 1.3170 1.0362 1.0361 1.15077 1.4940 3.0789 2.50204 2.36080 1.92595 1.88654 1.88654 2.71145 2.05155 1.691 1.476 1.465 1.20752 0.96966 0.9698 1.8934 2.01461 1.58938 1.42140 1.4220 1.49087 1.4759

2.0575 1.839 1.92181 2.28678 2.40218 2.59492 1.6767 1.52852 1.524 2.94474 2.78673 2.27033 2.367 3.17688 2.25420 1.8892 1.60058 1.34066 1.34049 1.48109

5/3/05 12:11:38 PM

Spectroscopic Constants of Diatomic Molecules

9-86 Molecule 121 Sb19F 121 Sb1H 121 Sb2H 121 Sb14N 121 Sb16O 45 Sc19F 80 Se2 80 Se1H 80 Se2H 80 Se16O 28 Si2 28 35 Si Cl 28 19 Si F 28 1 Si H 28 2 Si H 28 14 Si N 28 16 Si O 28 32 Si S 28 80 Si Se 120 Sn79Br 120 Sn35Cl 118 Sn19F 120 Sn1H 120 Sn2H 120 Sn127I 120 Sn16O 120 Sn32S 120 Sn80Se 120 Sn130Te 88 Sr79Br 88 Sr35Cl 88 Sr19F 88 Sr1H 88 Sr2H 88 Sr127I 88 Sr16O 181 Ta16O 130 Te2 130 Te1H 130 Te16O 232 Th16O 48 16 Ti O 205 Tl81Br 205 Tl35Cl 205 Tl19F 205 Tl1H 205 Tl2H 205 Tl127I 51 16 V O 89 35 Y Cl 89 19 Y F 89 16 Y O 174 Yb1H 174 Yb2H 64 Zn35Cl 64 Zn19F 64 Zn1H 64 Zn2H 64 Zn127I 90 Zr16O

Section 09 book.indb 86

State 3 Σ 3 Σ 3 Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π1/2 1 + Σ 3 Σg2 Π3/2 2 Π3/2 3 Σ 3 Σg2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 2 Π1/2 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 1 + Σ 2 ∆3/2 3 Σg2 Π3/2 0+ 1 + Σ 3 ∆1 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 1 + Σ 4 Σ 1 Σ 1 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 Σ 2 Σ 2 + Σ 2 + Σ 2 Σ 1 + Σ

ωe cm–1 605.0

ωexe cm–1 2.6

942.0 816 735.6 385.30 2400* 1708* 914.69 510.98 535.60 857.19 2041.80 1469.32 1151.4 1241.54 749.64 580.0 247.2 351.1 577.6

5.6 4.2 3.8 0.96

4.52 2.02 2.17 4.73 35.51 18.23 6.47 5.97 2.58 1.78 0.6 1.06 2.69

1188.0* 199.0 822.13 487.26 331.2 259.5 216.60 302.3 502.4 1206.2 841 173.77 653.5 1028.69 247.07

0.6 3.72 1.36 0.74 0.50 0.52 0.95 2.3 17.0 8.6 0.35 3.96 3.51 0.51

797.11 895.77 1009.02 192.10 284.71 476.86 1390.7 987.7 150* 1011.3 380.7 631.29 861.0 1249.54 886.6 390.5 628 1607.6 1072 223.4 969.8

4.00 2.39 4.50 0.39 0.86 2.24 22.7 12.04 4.86 1.3 2.50 2.9 21.06 10.57 1.6 3.5 55.14 28 0.6 4.9

Be cm–1 0.2792 5.684 2.8782

αe cm–1 0.0020

De 10–6cm–1 0.23 240 45

re Å 1.918 1.723 1.7194

0.3580 0.3950 0.08992 8.02 3.94 0.4655 0.2390 0.2561 0.5812 7.4996 3.8840 0.7311 0.7267521 0.30352788 0.1920117

0.0022 0.00266 0.000288 0.23

0.270

0.00323 0.0014 0.0016 0.00494 0.2190 0.0781 0.00565 0.0050379 0.00147308 0.0007767

0.5 0.21 0.25 1.07 397 105.4 1.2 0.9923 0.201 0.0842

1.826 1.788 2.166 1.48 1.48 1.648 2.246 2.058 1.6011 1.5201 1.5199 1.572 1.50975 1.92926 2.05832

0.1117 0.2727 5.31488 2.6950

0.0004 0.0014 0.049

0.26 207.5 53.4

2.361 1.944 1.78146 1.7770

0.35571998 0.13686139 0.0649978 0.04247917 0.0541847

0.00214432 0.00050563 0.0001705 0.00009543 0.0001827

0.26638 0.0424 0.011 0.0055 0.01356

1.83251 2.20898 2.32557 2.52280 2.73522

0.2505346 3.6751 1.8609 0.0367097 0.33798 0.40284 0.039681 5.56 0.3554 0.332644 0.53541 0.0423899 0.09139702 0.22315014 4.806 2.419 0.0271676 0.54825 0.1160 0.29042 0.3881 3.9931 2.01162

0.0015513 0.0814 0.0292 0.0001060 0.00219 0.00182 0.000106

0.2498 135 34.7 0.00655 0.36 0.2450 0.0044

0.00237 0.001302 0.00301 0.0001276 0.00039784 0.00150380 0.154 0.057 0.0000664 0.00352 0.0003 0.00163 0.0018 0.0957 0.03425

0.27 0.1833 0.603 0.0083 0.0377 0.1955 254 60 0.0036 0.6 0.09 0.237 0.32 161.8 41.60

2.07537 2.1456 2.1449 2.94364 1.91983 1.68746 2.5574 1.74 1.825 1.84032 1.6202 1.61817 2.48483 2.08439 1.870 1.869 2.81361 1.5893 2.41 1.9257 1.790 2.0526 2.0516

6.6794 3.350

0.2500

466 124

1.5949 1.6054

0.42263

0.0023

0.319

1.7116

0.024 330

5/3/05 12:11:40 PM

Section 09 book.indb 87

INFRARED CORRELATION CHARTS

5/3/05 12:11:45 PM

Section 09 book.indb 88

INFRARED CORRELATION CHARTS

5/3/05 12:11:47 PM

Section 09 book.indb 89

INFRARED CORRELATION CHARTS

5/3/05 12:11:50 PM

9-90

Section 09 book.indb 90

Infrared Correlation Charts

5/3/05 12:11:53 PM

Infrared Correlation Charts

Section 09 book.indb 91

9-91

5/3/05 12:11:55 PM

NUCLEAR SPINS, MOMENTS, AND OTHER DATA RELATED TO NMR SPECTROSCOPY This table presents the following data relevant to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:

Q: Nuclear quadrupole moment in units of femtometers squared (1 fm2 = 10–2 barn)

Z: Atomic number Isotope: Element symbol and mass number Abundance: Natural abundance of the isotope in percent. An * indicates a radioactive nuclide; if no value is given, the nuclide is not present in nature or its abundance is highly variable. I: Nuclear spin ν: Resonant frequency in megahertz for an applied field H0 of 1 tesla (in cgs units, 10 kilogauss) Relative sensitivity: Sensitivity relative to 1H (=1) assuming an equal number of nuclei and constant temperature. Values were calculated from the expressions:

The table includes all stable nuclides of non-zero spin for which spin and magnetic moment values have been measured, as well as selected radioactive nuclides of current or potential interest. At least one isotope is included for each element through Z = 95 for which data are available. See Reference 1 for a complete listing of spins and moments. The assistance of P. Pyykko in providing data on nuclear quadrupole moments is gratefully acknowledged.

For constant H0: 0.0076508(µ/µN) (I + 1)/I For constant ν: 0.23871(µ/µN)(I + 1) 3

2

µ/µN: Nuclear magnetic moment in units of the nuclear magneton µN Z 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 23 24

Isotope 1 n 1 H 2 H 3 H 3 He 6 Li 7 Li 9 Be 10 B 11 B 13 C 14 N 15 N 17 O 19 F 21 Ne 23 Na 25 Mg 27 Al 29 Si 31 P 33 S 35 Cl 37 Cl 37 Ar 39 Ar 39 K 40 K 41 K 43 Ca 45 Sc 47 Ti 49 Ti 50 V 51 V 53 Cr

Abundance % * 99.9850 0.0115 * 0.000137 7.59 92.41 100 19.9 80.1 1.07 99.632 0.368 0.038 100 0.27 100 10.00 100 4.6832 100 0.76 75.78 24.22 * * 93.2581 0.0117 6.7302 0.135 100 7.44 5.41 0.250 99.750 9.501

I 1/2 1/2 1 1/2 1/2 1 3/2 3/2 3 3/2 1/2 1 1/2 5/2 1/2 3/2 3/2 5/2 5/2 1/2 1/2 3/2 3/2 3/2 3/2 7/2 3/2 4 3/2 7/2 7/2 5/2 7/2 6 7/2 3/2

ν/MHz for H0 = 1 T 29.1647 42.5775 6.5359 45.4148 32.4360 6.2661 16.5483 5.9842 4.5752 13.6630 10.7084 3.0777 4.3173 5.7742 40.0776 3.3631 11.2688 2.6083 11.1031 8.4655 17.2515 3.2717 4.1765 3.4765 5.819 3.46 1.9893 2.4737 1.0919 2.8688 10.3591 2.4041 2.4048 4.2505 11.2133 2.4115

References 1. Holden, N. E., “Table of the Isotopes”, in Lide, D. R., Ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005. 2. Raghavan, P., At. Data Nuc. Data Tables, 42, 189, 1989. 3. Pyykko, P., Mol. Phys., 19, 1617–1629, 2001. 4. Stone, N. J., <www.nndc.bnl.gov/nndc/stone_moments/> Relative sensitivity Const. H0 Const. ν 0.32139 0.6850 1.00000 1.0000 0.00965 0.4093 1.21354 1.0666 0.44212 0.7618 0.00850 0.3925 0.29356 1.9433 0.01388 0.7027 0.01985 1.7193 0.16522 1.6045 0.01591 0.2515 0.00101 0.1928 0.00104 0.1014 0.02910 1.5822 0.83400 0.9413 0.00246 0.3949 0.09270 1.3233 0.00268 0.7147 0.20689 3.0424 0.00786 0.1988 0.06652 0.4052 0.00227 0.3842 0.00472 0.4905 0.00272 0.4083 0.01276 0.6833 0.01130 1.7079 0.00051 0.2336 0.00523 1.5493 0.00008 0.1282 0.00642 1.4150 0.30244 5.1093 0.00210 0.6587 0.00378 1.1861 0.05571 5.5904 0.38360 5.5306 0.00091 0.2832

µ/µN –1.91304272 +2.792847337 +0.857438228 +2.9789625 –2.1276248 +0.8220467 +3.25644 –1.1776 +1.800645 +2.688649 +0.7024118 +0.4037610 –0.2831888 –1.89379 +2.628868 –0.661797 +2.217522 –0.85545 +3.641507 –0.55529 +1.13160 +0.6438212 +0.8218743 +0.6841236 +1.145 –1.59 +0.3914662 –1.298100 +0.2148701 –1.31726 +4.756487 –0.78848 –1.10417 +3.345689 +5.1487057 –0.47454

Q/fm2

+0.2860

–0.0808 –4.01 +5.288 +8.459 +4.059 +2.044 –2.558 +10.155 +10.4 +19.94 +14.66

–6.78 –8.165 –6.435

+5.85 –7.3 +7.11 –4.08 –22.0 +30.2 +24.7 +21 –5.2 –15

9-92

Section 09 book.indb 92

5/3/05 12:11:57 PM

Nuclear Spins, Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR Spectroscopy Z 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 41 42 42 43 44 44 45 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 54 54 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 58 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63

Section 09 book.indb 93

Isotope 55 Mn 57 Fe 59 Co 61 Ni 63 Cu 65 Cu 67 Zn 69 Ga 71 Ga 73 Ge 75 As 77 Se 79 Br 81 Br 83 Kr 85 Rb 87 Rb 87 Sr 89 Y 91 Zr 93 Nb 95 Mo 97 Mo 99 Tc 99 Ru 101 Ru 103 Rh 105 Pd 107 Ag 109 Ag 111 Cd 113 Cd 113 In 115 In 115 Sn 117 Sn 119 Sn 121 Sb 123 Sb 123 Te 125 Te 127 I 129 Xe 131 Xe 133 Cs 135 Ba 137 Ba 138 La 139 La 137 Ce 139 Ce 141 Ce 141 Pr 143 Nd 145 Nd 143 Pm 147 Pm 147 Sm 149 Sm 151 Eu

Abundance % 100 2.119 100 1.1399 69.17 30.83 4.10 60.108 39.892 7.73 100 7.63 50.69 49.31 11.49 72.17 27.83 7.00 100 11.22 100 15.92 9.55 * 12.76 17.06 100 22.33 51.839 48.161 12.80 12.22 4.29 95.71 0.34 7.68 8.59 57.21 42.79 0.89 7.07 100 26.44 21.18 100 6.592 11.232 0.090 99.910 * * * 100 12.2 8.3 * * 14.99 13.82 47.81

I 5/2 1/2 7/2 3/2 3/2 3/2 5/2 3/2 3/2 9/2 3/2 1/2 3/2 3/2 9/2 5/2 3/2 9/2 1/2 5/2 9/2 5/2 5/2 9/2 5/2 5/2 1/2 5/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 9/2 9/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 5/2 7/2 1/2 1/2 5/2 1/2 3/2 7/2 3/2 3/2 5 7/2 3/2 3/2 7/2 5/2 7/2 7/2 5/2 7/2 7/2 7/2 5/2

ν/MHz for H0 = 1 T 10.5763 1.3816 10.077 3.8114 11.2982 12.1030 2.6694 10.2478 13.0208 1.4897 7.3150 8.1571 10.7042 11.5384 1.6442 4.1254 13.9811 1.8525 2.0949 3.9748 10.4523 2.7874 2.8463 9.6294 1.9553 2.1916 1.3477 1.957 1.7331 1.9924 9.0692 9.4871 9.3655 9.3856 14.0077 15.2610 15.9660 10.2551 5.5532 11.2349 13.5454 8.5778 11.8604 3.5159 5.6234 4.2582 4.7634 5.6615 6.0612 4.88 5.39 2.37 13.0359 2.319 1.429 11.59 5.62 1.7748 1.4631 10.5856

Relative sensitivity Const. H0 Const. ν 0.17881 2.8980 0.00003 0.0324 0.27841 4.9702 0.00359 0.4476 0.09342 1.3268 0.11484 1.4213 0.00287 0.7314 0.06971 1.2034 0.14300 1.5291 0.00141 1.1546 0.02536 0.8590 0.00703 0.1916 0.07945 1.2570 0.09951 1.3550 0.00190 1.2744 0.01061 1.1304 0.17703 1.6418 0.00272 1.4358 0.00012 0.0492 0.00949 1.0891 0.48821 8.1011 0.00327 0.7638 0.00349 0.7799 0.38174 7.4633 0.00113 0.5358 0.00159 0.6005 0.00003 0.0317 0.00113 0.5364 0.00007 0.0407 0.00010 0.0468 0.00966 0.2130 0.01106 0.2228 0.35121 7.2588 0.35348 7.2744 0.03561 0.3290 0.04605 0.3584 0.05273 0.3750 0.16302 2.8100 0.04659 2.7389 0.01837 0.2639 0.03220 0.3181 0.09540 2.3504 0.02162 0.2786 0.00282 0.4129 0.04838 2.7735 0.00500 0.5001 0.00700 0.5594 0.09404 5.3188 0.06058 2.9895 0.00752 0.5729 0.01012 0.6326 0.00364 1.1708 0.33483 3.5720 0.00339 1.1440 0.00079 0.7047 0.23510 3.1748 0.04827 2.7714 0.00152 0.8753 0.00085 0.7216 0.17929 2.9006

9-93 µ/µN +3.46872 +0.0906230 +4.627 –0.75002 +2.22329 +2.38167 +0.875479 +2.01659 +2.56227 –0.8794677 +1.439475 +0.53506 +2.106400 +2.270562 –0.970669 +1.35303 +2.75124 –1.093603 –0.1374154 –1.30362 +6.1705 –0.9142 –0.9335 +5.6847 –0.6413 –0.7188 –0.08840 –0.642 –0.1136796 –0.1306906 –0.5948861 –0.6223009 +5.5289 +5.5408 –0.91883 –1.00104 –1.04728 +3.3634 +2.5498 –0.7369478 –0.8885051 +2.813273 –0.7779763 +0.6918619 +2.582025 +0.837943 +0.937365 +3.713646 +2.7830455 0.96 1.06 1.09 +4.2754 –1.065 –0.656 +3.80 +2.58 –0.8149 –0.6718 +3.4718

Q/fm2 +33 +42 +16.2 –22.0 –20.4 +15.0 +17.1 +10.7 –19.6 +31.4 +31.3 +26.2 +25.9 +27.6 +13.35 +33.5 –17.6 –32 –2.2 +25.5 –12.9 +7.9 +45.7 +66.0

+79.9 +81

–36 –49

–71.0 –11.4 –0.343 +16.0 +24.5 +45 +20

–5.9 –63 –33 +74 –26 +7.4 +90.3

5/3/05 12:11:59 PM

Nuclear Spins, Moments, and Other Data Related to NMR Spectroscopy

9-94 Z 63 64 64 65 66 66 67 68 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 79 80 80 81 81 82 83 84 86 87 88 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Section 09 book.indb 94

Isotope 153 Eu 155 Gd 157 Gd 159 Tb 161 Dy 163 Dy 165 Ho 167 Er 169 Tm 171 Yb 173 Yb 175 Lu 176 Lu 177 Hf 179 Hf 180 Ta 181 Ta 183 W 185 Re 187 Re 187 Os 189 Os 191 Ir 193 Ir 195 Pt 197 Au 199 Hg 201 Hg 203 Tl 205 Tl 207 Pb 209 Bi 209 Po 211 Rn 223 Fr 223 Ra 225 Ra 227 Ac 229 Th 231 Pa 235 U 237 Np 239 Pu 243 Am

Abundance % 52.19 14.80 15.65 100 18.91 24.90 100 22.93 100 14.28 16.13 97.41 2.59 18.60 13.62 0.012 99.988 14.31 37.40 62.60 1.96 16.15 37.3 62.7 33.832 100 16.87 13.18 29.524 70.476 22.1 100 * * * * * * * *100 *0.7200 * * *

I 5/2 3/2 3/2 3/2 5/2 5/2 7/2 7/2 1/2 1/2 5/2 7/2 7 7/2 9/2 9 7/2 1/2 5/2 5/2 1/2 3/2 3/2 3/2 1/2 3/2 1/2 3/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 9/2 1/2 1/2 3/2 3/2 1/2 3/2 5/2 3/2 7/2 5/2 1/2 5/2

ν/MHz for H0 = 1 T 4.6745 1.312 1.720 10.23 1.4654 2.0508 9.0883 1.2281 3.531 7.5261 2.0730 4.8626 3.451 1.7282 1.0856 4.087 5.1627 1.7957 9.7176 9.8170 0.9856 3.3536 0.7658 0.8319 9.2922 0.7406 7.7123 2.8469 24.7316 24.9749 9.0340 6.9630 11.7 9.16 5.95 1.3746 11.187 5.6 1.40 10.2 0.83 9.57 3.09 4.6

Relative sensitivity Const. H0 Const. ν 0.01544 1.2809 0.00015 0.1541 0.00033 0.2020 0.06945 1.2019 0.00048 0.4015 0.00130 0.5619 0.20423 4.4825 0.00050 0.6057 0.00057 0.0829 0.00552 0.1768 0.00135 0.5680 0.03128 2.3983 0.03975 6.0516 0.00140 0.8524 0.00055 0.8414 0.10610 11.5175 0.03744 2.5463 0.00008 0.0422 0.13870 2.6627 0.14300 2.6900 0.00001 0.0231 0.00244 0.3938 0.00003 0.0899 0.00004 0.0977 0.01039 0.2182 0.00003 0.0870 0.00594 0.1811 0.00149 0.3343 0.19598 0.5809 0.20182 0.5866 0.00955 0.2122 0.14433 5.3967 0.02096 0.2757 0.00997 0.2152 0.01362 0.6982 0.00017 0.1614 0.01814 0.2627 0.01131 0.6564 0.00042 0.3843 0.06903 1.1995 0.00015 0.4082 0.13264 2.6234 0.00038 0.0727 0.01446 1.2532

µ/µN +1.5331 –0.2582 –0.3385 +2.014 –0.4806 +0.6726 +4.173 –0.5639 –0.2316 +0.49367 –0.67989 +2.2327 +3.169 +0.7935 –0.6409 +4.825 +2.3705 +0.1177848 +3.1871 +3.2197 +0.06465189 +0.659933 +0.1507 +0.1637 +0.60952 +0.145746 +0.5058855 –0.5602257 +1.6222579 +1.6382146 +0.59258 +4.1106 +0.77 +0.601 +1.17 +0.2705 –0.7338 +1.1 +0.46 2.01 –0.38 +3.14 +0.203 +1.5

Q/fm2 +241 +127 +135 +143.2 +250.7 +265 +358 +356.5

+280 +349 +497 +336.5 +379.3 +317 +218 +207 +85.6 +81.6 +75.1 +54.7 +38.6

–51.6

+117 +125 +170 +430 –172 +493.6 +388.6 +421

5/3/05 12:12:00 PM

PROTON NMR CHEMICAL SHIFTS FOR CHARACTERISTIC ORGANIC STRUCTURES The chart below summarizies the range of chemical shifts for protons in several classes or organic compounds and substituent groups. The chemical shifts δ are given in parts per million relative to tetramethylsilane.

Reference Mohacsi, E., J. Chem. Edu., 41, 38, 1964 (with permission)

9-95

Section 09 book.indb 95

5/3/05 12:12:05 PM

13

C-NMR ABSORPTIONS OF MAJOR FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

The table below lists the range of 13C chemical shifts δ in parts per million relative to tetramethylsilane, in descending order, for various functional groups. Examples of simple compounds for each family are given to illustrate the correlations. The shifts for the carbons of interest, which are italicized, are given in parentheses; when two or more values appear, they refer to the sequence of italicized carbon atoms from left to right in the formula.

δ (ppm)

Group

220-165

>C=O

Family Ketones Aldehydes α,β-Unsaturated carbonyls Carboxylic acids Amides Esters

140-120

>C=C<

Aromatic Alkenes

125-115 80-70

-CN -CC-

Nitriles Alkynes

70-45

-C-O

Esters Alcohols

40-20

-C-NH2

Amines

30-15 30-(-2.3)

-S-CH3 -C-H

Sulfides (thioethers) Alkanes, cycloalkanes

Cyclohexane

References 1. Yoder, C. H. and Schaeffer, C. D., Jr., Introduction to Multinuclear NMR: Theory and Application, Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA, 1987. 2. Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C., and Morrill, T. C., Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1981. 3. Brown, D. W., A Short Set of 13C NMR Correlation Tables, J. Chem. Educ., 62, 209, 1985. Example (δ of italicized carbon) (CH3)2CO (CH3)2CHCOCH3 CH3CHO CH3CH=CHCHO CH2=CHCOCH3 HCO2H CH3CO2H HCONH2 CH3CONH2 CH3CO2CH2CH3 CH2=CHCO2CH3 C6H6 CH2=CH2 CH2=CHCH3 CH2=CHCH2Cl CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 CH3-CN HCCH CH3CCH3 CH3OOCH2CH3 HOCH3 HOCH2CH3 CH3NH2 CH3CH2NH2 C6H5-S-CH3 CH4 CH3CH3 CH3CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

(206.0) (212.1) (199.7) (192.4) (169.9) (166.0) (178.1) (165.0) (172.7) (170.3) (165.5) (128.5) (123.2) (115.9, 136.2) (117.5, 133.7) (132.7) (117.7) (71.9) (73.9) (57.6, 67.9) (49.0) (57.0) (26.9) (35.9) 15.6 (-2.3) (5.7) (15.8, 16.3) (13.4, 25.2) (13.9, 22.8, 34.7) (26.9)

9-96

Section 09 book.indb 96

5/3/05 12:12:06 PM

BOND LENGTHS IN ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS This table summarizes the average values of interatomic distances of representative metal–ligand bonds. Sigma bonds between d- and f-block metals and the elements C, N, O, P, S, and As are included. The values are extracted from a much larger list in Reference 1. The tabulated values are the unweighted means of reported measurements on compounds in each category. If four or more measurements are available, the standard deviation is given in parentheses. All values are in Ångstrom units (10–10 m). The first part of the table covers metal-carbon bonds in different ligand categories, while the second part covers metal bonds to M Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Zr Nb Mo Ru Rh Pd Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Th

M-CH3 2.168 2.095(0.030) 2.074 2.014(0.023) 2.029

2.292(0.049) 2.336 2.254(0.065) 2.179(0.045) 2.092(0.027) 2.275(0.049) 2.217(0.035) 2.189(0.039) 2.173(0.051) 2.175 2.083(0.045) 2.066(0.045) 2.072(0.026) 2.567

other elements. R stands for any alkyl group; Me for a CH3 group; C6R5 indicates an aryl group; and C(=O)R an acyl group. Metals are listed in atomic number order.

Reference 1. Orpen, A. G., Brammer, L., Allen, F.H., Kennard, O., Watson, D. G., and Taylor, R., J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1989, S1-S83.

M-CH2R 2.167

M-CR=CR2 2.215(0.042)

2.176(0.024) 2.091(0.030) 2.039(0.032) 1.964

2.035(0.009) 2.007 1.991(0.039) 1.934(0.019) 1.892(0.017)

1.964 1.319 2.250(0.061) 2.036(0.010) 2.100 2.028 2.225(0.056) 2.175 2.290 2.221 2.062(0.031) 2.125

M-C6R5 2.148 2.114(0.012) 2.075(0.019) 2.064(0.021) 2.031(0.062) 1.974 1.917(0.038) 2.020

M-C(=O)R

2.044 1.997(0.033) 1.990 1.850(0.059)

2.257 2.204(0.049) 2.063 2.040(0.054) 2.000(0.024) 2.205 2.224 2.052 2.071(0.044) 2.024(0.037) 2.042

2.193(0.054) 2.092(0.057) 2.011(0.026) 1.981(0.032)

2.109 2.091 1.995(0.031) 1.982(0.029)

2.199(0.073) 2.027 2.090(0.032) 2.070(0.038) 2.049(0.046) 2.059(0.024) 2.086(0.040)

2.190(0.027) 2.161 2.019 1.991(0.025)

9-17

Section 09 book.indb 17

5/3/05 12:08:43 PM

Bond Lengths in Organometallic Compounds

9-18 M Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Y Zr Nb Mo Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Yb Lu Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Th U

Section 09 book.indb 18

M-NH3

2.069(0.008)

1.965(0.021) 2.074(0.093) 1.987(0.017) 2.044

2.217 2.126(0.024) 2.114(0.018) 2.032

2.253 2.136 2.050(0.021)

M-OH2 2.066(0.052) 2.129(0.131) 1.997(0.070) 2.189(0.040) 2.085(0.066) 2.085(0.064) 2.079(0.038) 2.186(0.215) 2.090(0.061) 2.398(0.068) 2.248(0.137) 2.201(0.094) 2.074(0.051) 2.190(0.096) 2.200 2.350 2.318(0.065) 2.556(0.062) 2.565(0.063) 2.518(0.038) 2.533(0.058) 2.459(0.050) 2.441(0.055) 2.443(0.074) 2.455 2.409(0.074) 2.407(0.069) 2.404(0.083) 2.353(0.066) 2.404(0.116) 2.115(0.065) 2.199(0.091) 2.166

2.157 2.690(0.083) 2.483(0.032) 2.455(0.047)

M-PMe3 2.510(0.010) 2.389(0.069) 2.455(0.164) 2.246(0.042) 2.217(0.043) 2.204(0.031)

M-SR 2.369 2.378(0.007) 2.362 2.366(0.054) 2.271(0.028) 2.254(0.025) 2.187(0.007) 2.295

2.692 2.462(0.046) 2.307(0.050) 2.266(0.036) 2.287(0.018)

2.401(0.050)

M-AsR3 2.686 2.460(0.040) 2.400(0.013) 2.352(0.043) 2.323(0.021) 2.333(0.035) 2.367(0.016)

2.741(0.008) 2.582(0.036) 2.446(0.031) 2.416(0.039) 2.386(0.052)

2.444

2.589(0.044) 2.485(0.039) 2.369(0.065) 2.328(0.029) 2.323(0.028) 2.295(0.036)

2.575(0.006) 2.461 2.320(0.015) 2.293 2.402(0.065)

2.366(0.058)

5/3/05 12:08:44 PM

CHARACTERISTIC BOND LENGTHS IN FREE MOLECULES References

This is a summary of typical bond lengths in gas-phase molecules. The value given for each bond is near the mid-range of values found in simple molecules. Bond lengths usually vary by 1 or 2%, and often by more, depending on the nature of the other bonds attached to the two atoms in question. References 1 and 2 give bond lengths in individual gas-phase molecules, as determined by spectroscopic and electron diffraction methods. All bond distances are given in Å (1 Å = 10–10 m).

1. “Bond Lengths and Angles in Gas-Phase Molecules”, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th Edition, 2005, p. 9-19. 2. Harmony, M. D., Laurie, V. W., Kuczkowski, R. L., Schwendeman, R. H., Ramsay, D. A., Lovas, F. J., Lafferty, W. J., and Maki, A. G., Molecular structure of gas-phase polyatomic molecules determined by spectroscopic methods, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, 619, 1979. 3. Lide, D. R., “A survey of carbon-carbon bond lengths”, Tetrahedron 17, 125, 1962.

A. Characteristic lengths of single bonds. As Br C Cl F Ge H I N O P S Sb Se Si Sn Te

As 2.10 2.32 1.96 2.17 1.71 1.51

Br

C

2.28 1.94 2.14 1.76 2.30 1.41 2.47

1.53 1.79 1.39 1.95 1.09 2.13 1.46 1.42 1.85 1.82

2.22 2.24

1.95 1.87 2.14

2.21

Cl

F

1.99 1.63 2.15 1.28 2.32 1.90 1.70 2.04 2.05 2.33

1.41 1.73 0.92 1.91 1.37 1.42 1.57 1.56

2.05 2.28

Ge

2.40 1.53 2.51

1.71 1.58 1.82

H

I

0.74 1.61 1.02 0.96 1.42 1.34 1.70 1.47 1.48 1.71 1.66

2.67

N

O

1.45 1.43 1.65

1.48

2.44 2.67

1.63

P

2.25

S

Sb

Se

Si

2.00 2.14

2.33

2.33

B. Lengths of multiple bonds (non-ring molecules). C=C C≡C C=N C≡N C=O C=S N=N N≡N N=O O=O

1.34 1.20 1.21 1.16 1.21 1.61 1.24 1.13 1.18 1.21

C. Effect of environment on carbon-carbon single bonds (other single bonds not shown). From Reference 3. Configuration C–C C–C= C–C≡ =C–C= ≡C–C= ≡C–C≡

C–C length 1.526 1.501 1.459 1.467 1.445 1.378

Examples of molecules H3C–CH3 H3C–CH=CH2 H3C–C≡CH H2C=CH–CH=CH2 HC≡C–CH=CH2 HC≡C–C≡CH

D. Some metal-carbon bond lengths in gas-phase molecules. Al–C B–C Be–C

1.96 1.58 1.70

Bi–C Cd–C Hg–C

2.26 2.11 2.08

Pb–C Sn–C Zn–C

2.24 2.14 1.93

9-46

Section 09 book.indb 46

5/3/05 12:10:28 PM

LINE SPECTRA OF THE ELEMENTS Joseph Reader and Charles H. Corliss

The original tables from which this table was derived were prepared under the auspices of the Committee on Line Spectra of the Elements of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. The table contains the outstanding spectral lines of neutral (I) and singly ionized (II) atoms of the elements from hydrogen through plutonium (Z = 1–94); selected strong lines from doubly ionized (III), triply ionized (IV), and quadruply ionized (V) atoms are also included. Listed are lines that appear in emission from the vacuum ultraviolet to the far infrared. These lines were selected from much larger lists in such a way as to include the stronger observed lines in each spectral region. A more extensive list may be found in Reference 1. The data were compiled by the following contributors. J. G. Conway — Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory C. H. Corliss — National Bureau of Standards R. D. Cowan — Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory C. R. Cowley — University of Michigan Henry M. and Hannah Crosswhite — Argonne National Laboratory S. P. Davis — University of California, Berkeley V. Kaufman — National Bureau of Standards R. L. Kelly — Naval Postgraduate School J. F. Kielkopf — University of Louisville W. C. Martin — National Bureau of Standards T. K. McCubbin — Pennsylvania State University L. J. Radziemski — Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory J. Reader — National Bureau of Standards C. J. Sansonetti — National Bureau of Standards G. V. Shalimoff — Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory R. W. Stanley — Purdue University J. O. Stoner, Jr. — University of Arizona H. H. Stroke — New York University D. R. Wood — Wright State University E. F. Worden — Lawrence Livermore Laboratory J. J. Wynne — International Business Machines Corporation R. Zalubas — National Bureau of Standards

All wavelengths are given in Ångstrom units (10–10 m). Below 2000 Å the wavelengths are in vacuum (except for the Cu II line at 1999.698 Å, which is in air); above 2000 Å the wavelengths are in air. Wavelengths given to three decimal places have an uncertainty of less than 0.001 Å and are therefore suitable for calibration purposes. In the air region, the elements used most commonly for calibration are Ne, Ar, Kr, Fe, Th, and Hg; in the vacuum region, the most common are C, N, O, Si, Cu. All data refer to natural isotopic abundance of the elements except that Kr I and Kr II lines below 11,000 Å given to three decimal

places are for 86Kr. A separate table for 198Hg contains accurately known wavelengths that are frequently used for calibration. A large number of the lines for neutral and singly ionized atoms were extracted from the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) Tables of Spectral-Line Intensities (Reference 2). The intensities of these lines represent quantitative estimates of relative line strengths that take account of varying detection sensitivity at different wavelengths. They are on a linear scale. For nearly all of the other lines the intensities represent qualitative estimates of the relative strengths of lines not greatly separated in wavelength. Because different observers frequently use different scales for their intensity estimates, these intensities are useful only as a rough indication of the appearance of a spectrum. In some cases the intensity scale is not intended to be linear. In the first and second spectra the intensities of the lines of the singly ionized atom (II) relative to those of the neutral atom (I) should be used with caution, inasmuch as the concentration of ions in a light source depends greatly on the excitation conditions. Descriptive symbols that follow the wavelength have the following meanings: c — complex d — line consists of two unresolved lines h — hazy l — shaded to longer wavelengths s — shaded to shorter wavelengths p — perturbed by a close line r — easily reversed w — wide The table is arranged alphabetically by element name (not symbol); for each element the lines are listed by wavelength. References to the sources of data for each element are given at the end of the table, starting on page 10-89.

General References 1. Reader, J., Corliss, C. H., Wiese, W. L., and Martin, G. A., Tables of Line Spectra of the Elements, Part 1. Wavelengths and Intensities, Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Sys.- Nat. Bur. Standards (U.S.), No. 68, 1980. 2. Meggers, W. F., Corliss, C. H., and Scribner, B. F., Tables of Spectral Line Intensities, Part 1. Arranged by Elements, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monograph 145, 1975. 3. Fuhr, J. R., Martin, W. C., Musgrove, A., Sugar, J., and Wiese, W. L., “NIST Atomic Spectroscopic Database” ver. 1.1, January 1996. NIST Physical Reference Data, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Available at the WWW address: http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/contents.html

10-1

Section 10.indb 1

5/4/05 8:03:02 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-2 Intensity

Section 10.indb 2

Wavelength/Å

Actinium Ac Z = 89 2000 h 2952.55 2000 h 3392.78 3000 3487.59 2000 s 3863.12 3000 s 4088.44 3000 s 4168.40 100 4179.98 20 4183.12 20 4194.40 20 l 4384.53 20 4396.71 2000 h 4413.09 20 4462.73 3000 h 4569.87 1000 5910.85 20 6359.86 20 l 6691.27

III III III II II II I I I I I III I III II I I

Aluminum Al Z = 13 900 125.53 800 126.07 800 130.41 1000 130.85 900 131.00 900 131.44 800 160.07 1000 278.69 900 281.39 70 486.884 30 486.912 250 511.138 150 511.191 500 560.317 200 560.433 100 670.068 200 671.118 500 695.829 400 696.217 200 725.683 300 726.915 400 855.034 500 856.746 400 892.024 50 893.887 450 893.897 800 1042.17 50 1191.812 900 1237.19 900 1257.62 800 1264.18 1000 1272.76 150 1350.18 800 1384.13 800 1447.51 800 1494.79 1000 1526.14 800 1537.54 800 1539.830 1000 1557.25 100 1569.385

V V V V V V IV V V III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV II IV IV IV IV II III IV IV V IV II IV II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

900 800 125 700 100 800 150 800 100 100 1000 100 800 500 900 500 900 350 300 290 500 700 450 300 450 400 450 1000 600 400 250 1000 300 700 120 1000 600 200 150 200 400 150 300 200 150 220 700 150 150 100 200 700 150 300 100 200 400 120 140 460 110

1582.04 1584.46 1596.059 1605.766 1611.814 1611.874 1625.627 1639.06 1644.235 1644.809 1670.787 1686.250 1719.440 1721.244 1721.271 1724.952 1724.984 1760.104 1761.975 1763.00 1763.869 1763.952 1765.64 1765.815 1766.38 1767.731 1769.14 1818.56 1828.588 1832.837 1834.808 1854.716 1855.929 1858.026 1859.980 1862.311 1862.790 1929.978 1931.048 1932.377 1934.503 1934.713 1935.840 1935.949 1936.907 1939.261 1990.531 2016.052 2016.234 2016.368 2074.008 2094.264 2094.744 2094.791 2095.104 2095.141 2269.10 2269.22 2321.56 2367.05 2367.61

IV IV II III III III II IV II II II II II II II II II II II I II II I II I II I IV II II II III II II II II III II II II II II III III II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 180 140 160 850 170 110 240 480 110 150 200 160 650 150 360 450 150 4500 r 7200 r 1800 r 150 150 900 800 450 360 290 870 220 110 150 290 450 4500 r 9000 r 110 290 870 150 110 550 110 110 150 290 150 110 220 150 180 110 450 1200 1000 110 220 290 220 450 150

2368.11 2369.30 2370.22 2372.07 2373.12 2373.35 2373.57 2567.98 2575.10 2637.70 2652.48 2660.39 2669.17 2816.19 3041.28 3050.07 3057.14 3074.64 3082.153 3092.710 3092.839 3428.92 3443.64 3492.23 3508.46 3586.56 3587.07 3587.45 3601.63 3651.06 3651.10 3654.98 3655.00 3900.68 3944.006 3961.520 3995.86 4226.81 4529.19 4585.82 4588.19 4666.80 4898.76 4902.77 5280.21 5283.77 5285.85 5312.32 5316.07 5371.84 5557.06 5557.95 5593.23 5696.60 5722.73 5853.62 5971.94 6001.76 6001.88 6006.42 6061.11

I I I I I I I I I II I I II II II I I II I I I II I IV IV II II II III II II II II II I I II II III II II II II II II II II II II II I I II III III II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

290 110 450 110 150 290 220 450 h 450 360 290 360 450 450 360 230 110 140 230 290 110 290 360 450 110 180 140 150 110 150 110 140 110 230 450 570 570 450 230 300 140 300 360

6068.43 6068.53 6073.23 6181.57 6181.68 6182.28 6182.45 6183.42 6201.52 6201.70 6226.18 6231.78 6243.36 6335.74 6696.02 6698.67 7361.57 7362.30 7835.31 7836.13 8075.35 8640.70 8772.87 8773.90 8828.91 8841.28 8923.56 9290.65 9290.75 10076.29 10768.36 10782.04 10872.98 10891.73 11253.19 11254.88 13123.41 13150.76 16718.96 16750.56 16763.36 21093.04 21163.75

Antimony Sb Z = 51 15 722.86 15 732.33 861.5 4 876.84 4 921.07 6 983.57 15 999.62 6 1001.13 6 1009.43 40 1011.94 6 1052.21 8 1056.27 8 1057.32 40 1065.90 6 1073.81 30 1075.82 1087.6

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I II I I I I I II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I III III IV II II II III II II III II II II III II III IV

5/4/05 8:03:05 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 8 30 40 50 50 12 6 8 20 8 6 8 20 6 8 20 r 40 h 12 50 r 12 120 r 80 r 6 8 7 80 r 10 200 w 100 w 20 100 w 15 15 80 r 150 r 150 r 15 100 r 100 h 100 r 100 r 150 50 r 80 r 100 50 r 300 r 150 r 100 200 r 60 r 70 r 150 r 1000 r 100 50 r 80 r 100 r 50 r

Section 10.indb 3

Wavelength/Å 1104.32 1151.49 1157.74 1199.1 1205.20 1210.64 1226.00 1230.30 1274.98 1306.69 1327.40 1358.04 1384.70 1404.18 1407.83 1436.49 1486.57 1491.36 1499.2 1505.70 1512.57 1524.47 1532.74 1535.06 1565.51 1576.11 1581.36 1599.96 1606.98 1612.8 1623.3 1657.04 1662.6 1673.89 1711.84 1716.93 1717.45 1723.43 1725.33 1736.19 1765.76 1780.87 1788.24 1800.18 1810.50 1814.20 1829.50 1868.17 1871.15 1882.56 1927.08 1950.39 2029.49 2039.77 2049.57 2068.33 2079.56 2098.41 2118.48 2127.39 2137.05

V III III IV III III V II II III II II II III II II I I IV V I V I I II II II I II I I II I III III I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-3 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 r 10 50 r 100 r 1500 r 250 r 200 r 300 r 150 r 100 120 r 300 r 120 150 r 300 r 2500 r 150 400 h 300 h 100 150 250 400 r 400 150 100 2000 r 15 10 150 15 1500 r 500 r 300 r 12 200 r 20 300 r 200 r 120 150 r 400 r 1000 r 15 500 r 600 r 20 700 r 15 25 250 20 200 r 20 200 20 20 15 15 20 20

2139.69 2141.80 2141.83 2144.86 2175.81 2179.19 2201.32 2208.45 2220.73 2221.98 2224.93 2262.51 2288.98 2293.44 2306.46 2311.47 2315.89 2373.67 2383.64 2395.22 2422.13 2426.35 2445.51 2478.32 2480.44 2510.54 2528.52 2528.54 2567.75 2574.06 2590.13 2598.05 2598.09 2612.31 2617.17 2652.60 2669.39 2670.64 2682.76 2692.25 2718.90 2769.95 2877.92 2980.96 3029.83 3232.52 3241.28 3267.51 3498.46 3637.80 3637.83 3722.78 3722.79 3850.22 4033.55 4033.56 4133.63 4140.54 4195.17 4219.07 4314.32

I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I III I I I III I III I I I I I I II I I II I II II I II I II I II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

15 30 20 15 30 20 40 20 20 30 20 20 20 15 15 20 20 40 h 100 l 30 60 h 100 20 30 50 20 20 30 30 h 80 200 60 150 100 400 400 200 300 200 1000 800 80 600 200 400 300 150 5

4514.50 4596.90 4599.09 4604.77 4647.32 4675.74 4711.26 4757.81 4765.36 4784.03 4802.01 4832.82 4877.24 4947.40 5044.56 5238.94 5354.24 5556.10 5632.02 5639.75 5830.34 6005.21 6053.41 6079.80 6130.04 6154.94 6611.49 6647.44 7648.28 7844.44 7924.65 8411.69 8572.64 8619.55 9518.68 9949.14 10078.49 10261.01 10585.60 10677.41 10741.94 10794.11 10839.73 10868.58 10879.55 11012.79 11266.23 12116.06

Argon Ar Z = 18 3 336.56 3 337.56 6 338.00 2 338.43 2 339.01 3 339.89 3 350.88 4 396.87 4 398.55 2 436.67 5 446.00 8 446.95

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II I II II II II II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V V V V V V V IV IV V V V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

4 18 4 3 2 6p 3 7 30 50 30 30 3 5 6 30 200 70 2 70 5 70 30 70 30 70 30 30 6 3 500 30 200 1000 3000 70 30 30 200 10 7 12 p 6 8 3 5 4 3 200 3000 2 500 70 200 200 70 4 5 12 5 10

447.53 449.06 449.49 458.12 458.98 461.23 462.42 463.94 487.227 490.650 490.701 519.327 522.09 524.19 527.69 542.912 543.203 547.461 554.50 556.817 558.48 573.362 576.736 580.263 583.437 597.700 602.858 612.372 623.77 635.12 661.867 664.562 666.011 670.946 671.851 676.242 677.952 679.218 679.401 683.28 688.39 689.01 699.41 700.28 705.35 709.20 715.60 715.65 718.090 723.361 725.11 725.548 730.930 740.269 744.925 745.322 754.20 761.47 769.15 800.57 801.09

V V V V V V V V II II II II V V V II II II V II V II II II II II II II IV V II II II II II II II II II IV IV IV IV IV V V V V II II V II II II II II IV IV III IV IV

5/4/05 8:03:06 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-4

Section 10.indb 4

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10 5 20 100 60 30 40 50 120 70 80 4 120 120 5 3 150 4p 100 2 15 100 20 25 180 150 10 9 180 r 12 8 180 r 9 10 150 5 9 1000 1000 1000 r 500 r 7 7 7 9 7 10 15 10 10 15 10 20 25 8 10 15 7 10 7 7

801.41 801.91 802.859 806.471 806.869 807.218 807.653 809.927 816.232 816.464 820.124 822.16 825.346 826.365 827.05 827.35 834.392 834.88 835.002 836.13 840.03 842.805 843.77 850.60 866.800 869.754 871.10 875.53 876.058 878.73 879.62 879.947 883.18 887.40 894.310 900.36 901.17 919.781 932.054 1048.220 1066.660 1669.67 1673.42 1675.48 1914.40 1915.56 2125.16 2133.87 2138.59 2148.73 2166.19 2168.26 2170.23 2177.22 2184.06 2188.22 2192.06 2248.73 2279.10 2281.22 2282.21

Intensity IV IV I I I I I I I I I V I I V V I V I V IV I IV IV I I III III I III III I III III I IV IV II II I I III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III

12 4 10 15 9 15 12 10 10 9 7 9 10 12 10 7 10 5 12 12 7 8 8 7 12 12 10 6 9 10 15 12 10 7 12 10 7 12 6 12 12 7 15 10 8 9 9 10 14 7 10 12 14 7 16 10 7 8 6 9 25

Wavelength/Å 2293.03 2299.72 2300.85 2302.17 2317.00 2317.47 2318.04 2319.13 2319.37 2345.17 2351.67 2360.26 2395.63 2399.15 2413.20 2415.61 2418.82 2420.456 2423.52 2423.93 2443.69 2447.71 2472.95 2476.10 2488.86 2513.28 2516.789 2518.40 2525.69 2534.709 2562.087 2562.17 2568.07 2569.53 2599.47 2608.06 2608.44 2615.68 2619.98 2621.36 2624.92 2631.90 2640.34 2654.63 2674.02 2678.38 2682.63 2724.84 2757.92 2762.23 2776.26 2784.47 2788.96 2797.11 2809.44 2830.25 2842.88 2855.29 2874.40 2884.12 2891.612

III IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II III III III IV III III III IV II IV IV II II IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III IV III III III IV III IV III IV IV IV IV IV IV III III IV III II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

12 11 200 100 10 12 50 6 12 10 8 10 50 7 7 8 20 25 25 20 20 15 7 7 25 20 25 15 7 7 25 25 15 7 7 9 8 7 9 70 20 20 50 100 12 15 70 8 70 70 70 7 100 100 70 25 50 70 7 25 20

2913.00 2926.33 2942.893 2979.050 3010.02 3024.05 3033.508 3037.98 3054.82 3064.77 3077.40 3078.15 3093.402 3110.41 3127.90 3200.37 3243.689 3285.85 3293.640 3301.88 3307.228 3311.25 3319.34 3323.59 3336.13 3344.72 3350.924 3358.49 3361.28 3373.47 3376.436 3388.531 3391.85 3393.73 3417.49 3424.25 3438.04 3461.07 3471.32 3476.747 3478.232 3480.55 3491.244 3491.536 3499.67 3503.58 3509.778 3511.12 3514.388 3545.596 3545.845 3554.306 3559.508 3561.030 3576.616 3581.608 3582.355 3588.441 3606.522 3622.138 3639.833

IV IV II II III III II IV III III IV III II III III I II III II III II III I III III III II III III I II II III I III III III I III II II III II II III III II III II II II I II II II II II II I II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

35 70 50 150 50 20 20 25 20 25 50 7 70 10 35 7 35 50 25 70 7 35 8 20 35 50 6 50 20 150 50 100 200 70 25 35 25 150 300 5 35 400 50 35 50 100 50 200 400 25 25 25 100 100 25 200 100 70 150 550 20

3718.206 3729.309 3737.889 3765.270 3766.119 3770.369 3770.520 3780.840 3795.37 3803.172 3809.456 3834.679 3850.581 3858.32 3868.528 3907.84 3925.719 3928.623 3932.547 3946.097 3947.505 3948.979 3960.53 3979.356 3994.792 4013.857 4023.60 4033.809 4035.460 4042.894 4044.418 4052.921 4072.005 4072.385 4076.628 4079.574 4082.387 4103.912 4131.724 4146.70 4156.086 4158.590 4164.180 4179.297 4181.884 4190.713 4191.029 4198.317 4200.674 4218.665 4222.637 4226.988 4228.158 4237.220 4251.185 4259.362 4266.286 4266.527 4272.169 4277.528 4282.898

II II II II II I II II III II II I II III II III II II II II I I III II II II III II II II I II II II II II II II II III II I I II I I I I I II II II II II I I I II I II II

5/4/05 8:03:09 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

Section 10.indb 5

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 25 70 200 50 100 50 25 800 50 25 50 200 70 50 150 50 70 200 400 150 50 50 20 35 100 200 100 20 20 400 20 400 400 15 550 7 35 400 15 20 550 50 300 800 550 150 50 800 70 20 35 200 50 70 70 20 100 70 5 15

4300.101 4300.650 4309.239 4331.200 4332.030 4333.561 4335.338 4345.168 4348.064 4352.205 4362.066 4367.832 4370.753 4371.329 4375.954 4379.667 4385.057 4400.097 4400.986 4426.001 4430.189 4430.996 4433.838 4439.461 4448.879 4474.759 4481.811 4510.733 4522.323 4530.552 4545.052 4564.405 4579.350 4589.898 4596.097 4609.567 4628.441 4637.233 4657.901 4702.316 4721.591 4726.868 4732.053 4735.906 4764.865 4806.020 4847.810 4865.910 4879.864 4889.042 4904.752 4933.209 4965.080 5009.334 5017.163 5062.037 5090.495 5141.783 5145.308 5151.391 5162.285

I II II II II I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II II II II I II I II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I

10-5 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

25 20 20 7 5 10 25 5 25 10 35 20 10 5 10 15 25 50 15 5 7 5 5 70 35 10 20 7 10 100 10 7 150 10 10 5 25 7 15 7 20 70 25 15 15 25 20 50 5 5 25 100 35 150 5 15 20 150 5 10 50

5165.773 5187.746 5216.814 5221.271 5421.352 5451.652 5495.874 5506.113 5558.702 5572.541 5606.733 5650.704 5739.520 5834.263 5860.310 5882.624 5888.584 5912.085 5928.813 5942.669 5987.302 5998.999 6025.150 6032.127 6043.223 6052.723 6059.372 6098.803 6105.635 6114.923 6145.441 6170.174 6172.278 6173.096 6212.503 6215.938 6243.120 6296.872 6307.657 6369.575 6384.717 6416.307 6483.082 6538.112 6604.853 6638.221 6639.740 6643.698 6660.676 6664.051 6666.359 6677.282 6684.293 6752.834 6756.163 6766.612 6861.269 6871.289 6879.582 6888.174 6937.664

II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I II I I I I I II I I II II II I I II I II I I I II I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

7 7 10000 150 10000 100 25 25 1000 15 70 15 7 2000 35 25 5 70 200 20 10000 20 15 10 25 10 20000 15000 25000 15000 10000 10 20000 20000 25000 7 20000 35000 10000 20 15000 20000 15000 7 4500 20 180 20 35000 550 15000 400 1600 25000 4500 180 30 100 1600 13 180

6951.478 6960.250 6965.431 7030.251 7067.218 7068.736 7107.478 7125.820 7147.042 7158.839 7206.980 7265.172 7270.664 7272.936 7311.716 7316.005 7350.814 7353.293 7372.118 7380.426 7383.980 7392.980 7412.337 7425.294 7435.368 7436.297 7503.869 7514.652 7635.106 7723.761 7724.207 7891.075 7948.176 8006.157 8014.786 8053.308 8103.693 8115.311 8264.522 8392.27 8408.210 8424.648 8521.442 8605.776 8667.944 8771.860 8849.91 9075.394 9122.967 9194.638 9224.499 9291.531 9354.220 9657.786 9784.503 10052.06 10332.72 10467.177 10470.054 10478.034 10506.50

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 11 7 30 30 7 11 30 12 400 200 12 200 50 50 200 200 100 200 150 30 12 200 50 500 200 200 200 100 500 1000 1000 30 1000 11 30 400 200 1000 10 10 200 100 25 10 30 30 500 12 50 30 20 20

10673.565 10681.773 10683.034 10733.87 10759.16 10812.896 11078.869 11106.46 11441.832 11488.109 11668.710 11719.488 12112.326 12139.738 12343.393 12402.827 12439.321 12456.12 12487.663 12702.281 12733.418 12746.232 12802.739 12933.195 12956.659 13008.264 13213.99 13228.107 13230.90 13272.64 13313.210 13367.111 13499.41 13504.191 13573.617 13599.333 13622.659 13678.550 13718.577 13825.715 13907.478 14093.640 15046.50 15172.69 15329.34 15989.49 16519.86 16940.58 18427.76 20616.23 20986.11 23133.20 23966.52

Arsenic As Z = 33 510 871.7 325 889.0 325 927.5 325 937.2 325 953.6 325 963.8 250 987.7

I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III III III III III III V

5/4/05 8:03:11 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-6

Section 10.indb 6

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

340 250 340 500 615 555 555 615 615 340 800 800 340 760 965 870 800 965 800 800 715 715 715 340 760 965 760 965 800 1000 760 800 800 500 500 500 100 r 500 340 1000 r 500 800 r 585 r 170 r 100 r 100 r 230 r 100 r 200 350 r 200 350 r 100 r 135 r 250 250 170 r 200 340 170 r 300

1021.96 1029.5 1082.35 1139.40 1149.31 1181.51 1189.87 1196.38 1196.56 1207.44 1211.17 1218.10 1223.15 1241.31 1243.08 1245.67 1258.58 1263.77 1266.34 1267.59 1280.99 1287.54 1305.70 1307.74 1333.15 1341.55 1355.93 1369.77 1373.65 1375.07 1375.78 1394.64 1400.31 1448.59 1558.88 1570.99 1593.60 1660.55 1860.34 1890.42 1912.94 1937.59 1972.62 1990.35 1991.13 1995.43 2003.34 2009.19 2263.2 2288.12 2301.0 2349.84 2370.77 2381.18 2417.5 2454.0 2456.53 2461.4 2602.00 2780.22 2830.359

II V II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II I II I I I I I I I IV I IV I I I IV IV I IV II I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

300 100 r 300 80 615 300 300 340 325 715 615 615 500 500 500 500 425 375 615 615 715 340 715 500 800 850 615 715 615 340 340 340 340 340 500 425 500 340 425 425 425 500 300 300 300 340 300 200 230 290 230 170 290 290 170

2831.164 2860.44 2884.406 2926.3 2959.572 3003.819 3116.516 3842.60 3922.6 4190.082 4197.40 4242.982 4315.657 4323.867 4336.64 4352.145 4352.864 4371.17 4427.106 4431.562 4458.469 4461.075 4466.348 4474.46 4494.230 4507.659 4539.74 4543.483 4602.427 4629.787 4707.586 4730.67 4888.557 5105.58 5107.55 5231.38 5331.23 5497.727 5558.09 5651.32 6110.07 6170.27 6511.74 7092.27 7102.72 7990.53 8174.51 9300.61 9597.95 9626.70 9833.76 9915.71 9923.05 10024.04 10614.07

Astatine At Z = 85 8 2162.25 10 2244.01 Barium Ba Z = 56 14 555.48

II I II III II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

14 18 300 150 1000 40000 300 50000 200 200 400 300 200

587.57 647.27 719.86 721.85 766.87 794.89 877.41 923.74 946.26 1486.72 1504.01 1554.38 1572.73 1573.92 1630.40 1674.51 1694.37 1697.16 1761.75 1771.03 1786.93 1904.15 1924.70 1985.60 1999.54 2001.30 2009.20 2023.95 2052.68 2054.57 2214.7 2245.61 2254.73 2304.24 2331.10 2335.27 2347.58 2512.28 2523.83 2528.51 2559.54 2596.64 2634.78 2681.89 2702.63 2771.36 2785.28 3071.58 3079.14 3108.21 3132.60 3135.72 3137.70 3155.34 3155.67 3158.05 3158.54 3165.60 3173.69 3183.16 3183.96

100 400

100 500 300 10 400

500 800 1000 1400 60 2000 190 40 40 60 50 8h 100 40 8 18 15 100 r 40 10 h 8 8h 10 10 10 12 12 h 25 15 h 30 15

III III V V V IV V IV V II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II III II II III III II III I II III I II I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10 25 h 30 40 50 60 r 40 15 50 80 h 50 60 r 20 70 r 25 30 h 40 200 r 80 h 30 h 80 h 20 h 100 200 100 30 80 h 200 40 40 h 20 h 400 200 200 100 20 1400 l 20 40 500 25 50 20 200 500 25 80 30 300 200 30 h 1500 h 20 200 500 800 100 300 200 800 20 h

3193.91 3203.70 3221.63 3222.19 3261.96 3262.34 3281.50 3281.77 3322.80 3356.80 3368.18 3377.08 3377.39 3420.32 3421.01 3421.48 3463.74 3501.11 3524.97 3531.35 3544.66 3547.68 3552.45 3567.73 3576.28 3577.62 3579.67 3596.57 3630.64 3636.83 3688.47 3735.75 3816.69 3842.80 3854.76 3889.33 3891.78 3892.65 3909.91 3914.73 3926.85 3935.72 3937.87 3939.67 3949.51 3993.06 3993.40 3995.66 4036.26 4083.77 4084.86 4130.66 4132.43 4166.00 4216.04 4267.95 4283.10 4287.80 4297.60 4309.32 4323.00

I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I II II II I I II I I I II II II II I II I I II III I I II II III I I II II I II I II II II I II II II I

5/4/05 8:03:13 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

Section 10.indb 7

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

600 200 300 80 60 400 40 60 h 50 h 40 200 60 h 130 65000 40 80 30 20 h 25 h 300 30 35 20 800 40 800 300 200 30 h 400 15 20000 8 1000 300 1000 20 h 20 800 1000 200 100 200 300 200 1000 r 20 h 10 400 800 100 20 150 2800 15 100 800 100 300 100 200

4325.73 4326.74 4329.62 4350.33 4402.54 4405.23 4431.89 4488.98 4493.64 4505.92 4509.63 4523.17 4524.93 4554.03 4573.85 4579.64 4599.75 4619.92 4628.33 4644.10 4673.62 4691.62 4700.43 4708.94 4726.44 4843.46 4847.14 4850.84 4877.65 4899.97 4902.90 4934.09 4947.35 4957.15 4997.81 5013.00 5159.94 5267.03 5361.35 5391.60 5421.05 5424.55 5428.79 5480.30 5519.05 5535.48 5620.40 5680.18 5777.62 5784.18 5800.23 5805.69 5826.28 5853.68 5907.64 5971.70 5981.25 5997.09 5999.85 6019.47 6063.12

II II II I I II I I I I II I II II I I I I I II I I I II I II II II I II I II I II II II I I II II II I II II I I I I I II I I I II I I II I II I I

10-7 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

300 400 20000 150 500 10 90 150 12000 300 150 3000 150 1500 1800 1000 600 300 h 1000 6000 2400 hs 600 600 hl 3000 1200 300 900 hl 600 450 hl 600 hl 1800 1200 180 h 1500 600 900 h 8 1800 h 100 100 300 h 300 450 300 300 300 h 1500 300 8 450 900 300 h 1500 hl 900 600 1200 h 300 120 hl 180 hl 150 h 240

6110.78 6135.83 6141.72 6341.68 6378.91 6383.76 6450.85 6482.91 6496.90 6498.76 6527.31 6595.33 6654.10 6675.27 6693.84 6769.62 6865.69 6867.85 6874.09 7059.94 7120.33 7195.24 7228.84 7280.30 7392.41 7417.53 7459.78 7488.08 7636.90 7642.91 7672.09 7780.48 7839.57 7905.75 7911.34 8210.24 8308.69 8559.97 8710.74 8737.71 8799.76 8860.98 8914.99 9219.69 9308.08 9324.58 9370.06 9455.92 9521.76 9589.37 9608.88 9645.72 9830.37 10001.08 10032.10 10233.23 10471.26 10791.25 11012.69 11114.42 11303.04

I II II I II III I I II I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III I II II I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

120 h 120 120 120 120 120 150 150

11697.45 13207.30 13810.50 14077.90 15000.40 20712.00 25515.70 29223.90

Beryllium Be Z = 4 58.13 58.57 59.32 60.74 64.06 75.93 1h 76.10 2 76.48 3 78.53 4 78.66 1h 78.92 5 81.89 10 82.38 82.58 20 83.20 83.66 30 84.76 50 88.31 89.16 89.80 90.04 90.21 90.67 91.06 91.36 91.74 92.19 92.61 93.14 93.42 93.93 94.78 95.76 96.29 97.24 97.44 97.86 97.97 98.12 98.37 98.66 98.94 99.19 100 100.25 100.86 101.20 102.13 102.49 104.40 104.67 105.80 107.26

Intensity I I I I I I I I IV IV IV IV IV IV III III III III III III III II III II III III I II II I I II II II I II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I III I I I II II I I I

3 2 6 4 8 4 5 5 7 2 8 20 2 10 10

8 5 15 1 20 60 2 1 2 1 10 5 1 2 20 60 100 2h 15 20

3 5 10 60 h 50 5

60

50

Wavelength/Å 107.38 509.99 549.31 582.08 661.32 675.59 714.0 725.59 725.71 743.58 746.23 767.75 775.37 842.06 865.3 925.25 943.56 973.27 981.4 1020.1 1026.93 1036.32 1048.23 1114.69 1143.03 1155.9 1197.19 1213.12 1214.32 1362.25 1401.52 1421.26 1422.86 1426.12 1435.17 1440.77 1491.76 1512.30 1512.43 1661.49 1754.69 1776.12 1776.34 1907. 1909.0 1912. 1917.03 1919. 1929.67 1943.68 1954.97 1956. 1964.59 1985.13 1997.95 1997.98 1998.01 2033.25 2033.28 2033.38 2055.90

I III III III III III II III II II III III II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II III III III III III III I III III I II II I III II II I II I III I I I III I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:03:16 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-8 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 75 h 60 h 25 15 h 10 20 15 h 5 25 55 55 5

2056.01 2076.94 2080.38 2118.56 2122.27 2125.57 2125.68 2127.20 2137.25 2145. 2174.99 2175.10 2191.57 2273.5 2324.6 2337.0 2348.61 2350.66 2350.71 2350.83 2413.34 2413.46 2453.84 2480.6 2494.54 2494.58 2494.73 2507.43 2617.99 2618.13 2650.45 2650.55 2650.62 2650.69 2650.76 2697.46 2697.58 2728.88 2738.05 2764.2 2898.13 2898.19 2898.25 2986.06 2986.42 3019.33 3019.49 3019.53 3019.60 3046.52 3046.69 3090.3 3110.81 3110.92 3110.99 3120. 3130.42 3131.07 3136. 3150. 3160.6

950 20 60 200 2 16 20 35 35 100 16 5 20 100 60 200 60 100 5 20 20 30 20 10 20 30 10 60 30 30 20 10 30 10 10 20 480 320

Section 10.indb 8

Intensity I III III III III I I III III I I I III II II I I I I I II II II I I I I II II II I I I I I II II II I II I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I II II I I I

20 20 30 20 60 2 10 30 15 100 30 30 30 30 220 20 60 5 300 20 300 10 100

100 700 40 80 1 6 100 90 h 100 60 300 500 400 2 100 h 1 140 h

12 700 1000 6 200 40 2h 80 8 20 3

Wavelength/Å 3163. 3168. 3180.7 3187. 3193.81 3197.10 3197.15 3208.60 3220. 3229.63 3233.52 3241.62 3241.83 3269.02 3274.58 3274.67 3282.91 3321.01 3321.09 3321.34 3345.43 3367.63 3405.6 3451.37 3455.18 3476.56 3515.54 3555. 3720.36 3720.92 3722.98 3736.30 3813.45 3865.13 3865.42 3865.51 3865.72 3866.03 4249.14 4253.05 4253.76 4360.66 4360.99 4407.94 4485.52 4487.30 4495.09 4497.8 4526.6 4548. 4572.66 4673.33 4673.42 4709.37 4828.16 4849.16 4858.22 5087.75 5218.12 5218.33 5255.86

I I II I I II II I I I II II II I II II I I I I I I II I I I I I III III III I I I I I I I III I I II II I III III III III I I I II II I II I II I II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

64 500 20 20

5270.28 5270.81 5403.04 5410.21 5558. 6142.01 6229.11 6279.43 6279.73 6473.54 6547.89 6558.36 6564.52 6636.44 6756.72 6757.13 6786.56 6884.22 6884.44 6982.75 7154.40 7154.65 7209.13 7401.20 7401.43 7551.90 7618.68 7618.88 8090.06 8158.99 8159.24 8254.07 8287.07 8547.36 8547.67 8801.37 8882.18 9190.45 9243.92 9343.89 9392.74 9476.43 9477.03 9847.32 9895.63 9895.96 9939.78 10095.52 10095.73 10119.92 10331.03 11066.46 11173. 11173.73 11496.39 11625.16 11659. 11660.25 12095.36 12098.18 14643.92

140 h 10 16 30 30 60 60 30 2h 1 2 30 1h 6h 100 6h 40 h 100 3 2 10 10 h 20 h 60 5h 10 h 4 10 h 30 60 300 6 40 20 h 1h 40 2 16 20 10 h 20 h 80 16 20 60 80 30 1 120 2h 2 100 30 100

II II II II I III I II II I II II I II II II I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II II I I I I II II II I I II II I II II II II II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

60 200 80 120 100 160 200

14644.75 16157.72 17855.38 17856.63 18143.54 31775.05 31778.70

Bismuth Bi 6 6 2 3 5 6 5 10 4 6 6 8 10 9 12 15 d 15 12 15 25 50 h 30 15 20 10 24 20 50 10 15 10 10 15 10 60 20 40 20 60 20 25 15 20 35 35 45 25 50 60 h 25 35 20 40

Z = 83 420.7 431.2 488.39 563.62 670.76 686.88 730.71 738.17 775.16 790.5 790.6 792.5 820.3 822.9 824.9 864.45 872.6 923.9 943.3 1039.99 1045.76 1051.81 1058.88 1085.47 1099.20 1103.4 1139.01 1224.64 1225.43 1232.78 1241.05 1265.35 1283.73 1306.18 1317.0 1325.46 1326.84 1329.47 1346.12 1350.07 1372.61 1376.02 1393.92 1423.33 1423.52 1436.83 1447.94 1455.11 1461.00 1462.14 1486.93 1502.50 1520.57

I I I I I I I IV IV V V III V V V III IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV III III III II II II IV III III II II II II II II IV II III II III II II II II III III II II II III II II II II

5/4/05 8:03:18 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

Section 10.indb 9

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

40 30 35 20 40 60 25 60 h 40 40 20 20 80 60 70 70 100 9000 7000 25 7000 9000 45 h 4600 2500 15 15 60 40 h 360 1700 340 100 100 16 12 100 190 75 h 10 25 70 20 h 700 100 100 12 280 c 20 140 d 100 100 360 100 15 11 12 140 c 100 80 h 4000

1533.17 1536.77 1538.06 1563.67 1573.70 1591.79 1601.58 1606.40 1609.70 1611.38 1652.81 1749.29 1777.11 1787.47 1791.93 1823.80 1902.41 1954.53 1960.13 1989.35 2021.21 2061.70 2068.9 2110.26 2133.63 2143.40 2143.46 2186.9 2214.0 2228.25 2230.61 2276.58 2311. 2326. 2368.12 2368.25 2376. 2400.88 2414.6 2501.0 2515.69 2524.49 2544.5 2627.91 2629. 2677. 2693.0 2696.76 2713.3 2730.50 2767. 2772. 2780.52 2786. 2803.42 2803.70 2805.3 2809.62 2842. 2855.6 2897.98

II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II I I II I I II I I II II II II I I I IV IV II II IV I III II I I II I IV IV II I II I IV IV I IV II II II I IV III I

10-9 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 100 100 15 3200 20 12 2800 700 100 2400 60 100 9000 c 140 35 100 550 c 10 12 40 h 40 35 500 c 380 c 45 100 12 100 50 50 100 70 h 12 20 10 30 100 40 h 10 140 140 75 h 25 70 h 12 h 25 h 12 h 25 h 60 h 600 c 30 20 40 h 12 10 12 20 45 h 10 50 h

2924. 2933. 2936. 2936.7 2938.30 2950.4 2963.4 2989.03 2993.34 3012. 3024.64 3034.87 3042. 3067.72 3076.66 3115.0 3239. 3397.21 3430.83 3431.23 3451.0 3473.8 3485.5 3510.85 3596.11 3613.4 3643. 3654.2 3682. 3695.32 3695.68 3734. 3792.5 3811.1 3815.8 3845.8 3863.9 3868. 4079.1 4097.2 4121.53 4121.86 4259.4 4272.0 4301.7 4339.8 4340.5 4379.4 4476.8 4705.3 4722.52 4730.3 4749.7 4797.4 4908.2 4916.6 4969.7 4993.6 5079.3 5091.6 5124.3

IV IV IV II I II II I I IV I I IV I I III IV I II II III III III I I III IV II IV III III IV II II II II II IV II II I I II II II II II II II II I II II III II II II II III II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

60 h 20 75 h 40 h 10 10 c 3 20 40 h 6 12 20 20 15 15 6 3 3 15 10 40 h 50 h 4h 12 2 10 h 2 10 h 10 3 2 20 40 12 h 50 15 15 30 2 1 25 2 3 25 2 2000 d 40 20 15 20 20 50 1500 d 40 200 200 100 200 50 60

5144.3 5201.5 5209.2 5270.3 5397.8 5552.35 5599.41 5655.2 5719.2 5742.55 5818.3 5860.2 5973.0 6059.1 6128.0 6134.82 6475.73 6476.24 6497.7 6577.2 6600.2 6808.6 6991.12 7033. 7036.15 7381. 7502.33 7637. 7750. 7838.70 7840.33 7965. 8008. 8050. 8070. 8328. 8388. 8532. 8544.54 8579.74 8653. 8754.88 8761.54 8863. 8907.81 9657.04 9827.78 10104.5 10138.8 10300.6 10536.19 11072.44 11710.37 11999.49 12165.08 12690.04 12817.8 14330.5 16001.5 22551.6

Intensity II II II II II I I II II I II II II II II I I I II II II II I II I II I II II I I II III II III II II II I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Wavelength/Å

Boron B Z = 5 41.00 30 48.59 10 52.68 30 60.31 194.37 262.37 160 344.0 450 385.0 40 411.80 285 418.7 20 510.77 40 510.85 512.53 150 518.24 75 518.27 110 677.00 160 677.14 40 693.95 40 731.36 40 731.44 749.74 40 758.48 70 758.67 110 882.54 110 882.68 40 984.67 110 1081.88 110 1082.07 70 1112.2 450 1168.9 70 1170.9 110 1230.16 220 1362.46 70 1600.46 120 1600.73 160 1623.58 110 1623.77 220 1624.02 70 1624.16 160 1624.34 100 1663.04 150 1666.87 200 1667.29 150 1817.86 200 1818.37 300 1825.91 300 1826.41 110 1842.81 20 1953.83 550 2065.78 250 2066.38 250 2066.65 100 2066.93 300 2067.19 450 2067.23 160 2077.09 500 2088.91 500 2089.57 70 2220.30 40 2234.09

V V IV IV V V IV IV III IV III III V III III III III II II II V III III II II II II II IV IV IV II II I I II II II II II I I I I I I I II III III I I I I III III I I II III

5/4/05 8:03:20 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-10 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

70 40 40 40 220 40 40 1000 1000 70 160 450 70 285 160 110 70 110 110 450 285 110 40 70 110 110 220 360 70 110 110 70 70 40 110 70 20 70 800 570 125 200 250 235

2234.59 2323.03 2328.67 2393.20 2395.05 2459.69 2459.90 2496.77 2497.73 2524.7 2530.3 2821.68 2824.57 2825.85 2918.08 3032.26 3179.33 3323.18 3323.60 3451.29 4121.93 4194.79 4242.98 4243.61 4472.10 4472.85 4487.05 4497.73 4784.21 4940.38 6080.44 6285.47 7030.20 7031.90 7835.25 7841.41 8667.22 8668.57 11660.04 11662.47 15629.08 16240.38 16244.67 18994.33

III II II II II II II I I IV IV IV IV IV II II II II II II II II III III II II III III II II II II II II III III I I I I I I I I

Bromine Br 700 700 800 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

Z = 35 379.73 400.37 482.11 531.97 545.43 547.90 559.76 569.19 576.59 585.10 586.71 597.51 600.09 601.27 607.03 617.85

IV IV V V IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV

Section 10.indb 10

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 700 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 900 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1200 1200 7500 1200 1500 1000 1500 1200 1200 1000 1000 3000 3000 1000 2000 12000 3000 50000 30000 25000 30000 20000 25000 75000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 700 1000 600 1000 1100 h 500 h

619.87 630.14 642.23 661.53 683.51 697.72 715.39 731.00 800.12 812.95 813.66 850.81 889.23 948.97 1015.54 1049.00 1069.15 1112.13 1143.56 1189.28 1189.50 1210.73 1221.13 1223.24 1224.41 1226.90 1232.43 1243.90 1251.66 1255.80 1259.20 1261.66 1266.20 1279.48 1286.26 1309.91 1316.74 1317.37 1317.70 1384.60 1449.90 1488.45 1531.74 1540.65 1574.84 1576.39 1582.31 1633.40 2133.79 2145.02 2257.21 2272.73 2307.40 2408.16 2411.58 2491.14 2581.19 2661.40 2842.88 2907.71 2972.26

IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV V II II II II V V V I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 500 500 500 500 500 1200 1500 1000 2000 1000 1500 10000 10000 20000 1000 3000 15000 3000 2500 2500 4000 1600 4000 1200 1200 1800 1600 2400 40000 2000 1500 60000 2500 1800 1000 20000 1500 50000 c 1000 1800 20000 1500 50000 c 20000 10000 8000 2000 2000 2200 6500 1600 c 1800 10000 2000 10000 40000 1600 1800 2000 30000

3041.18 3074.42 3349.64 3380.56 3540.16 3562.43 3815.65 3992.36 4223.89 4365.14 4365.60 4425.14 4441.74 4472.61 4477.72 4490.42 4513.44 4525.59 4575.74 4614.58 4752.28 4780.31 4785.19 4979.76 5395.48 5466.22 5852.08 5940.48 6122.14 6148.60 6177.39 6335.48 6350.73 6410.32 6483.56 6514.62 6544.57 6548.09 6559.80 6571.31 6579.14 6582.17 6620.47 6631.62 6682.28 6692.13 6728.28 6760.06 6779.48 6786.74 6790.04 6791.48 6861.15 7005.19 7260.45 7348.51 7512.96 7591.61 7595.07 7616.41 7803.02

IV III III IV III III I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1200 2500 s 2500 2500 30000 c 3000 3000 8000 10000 30000 2000 2500 30000 1000 c 10000 25000 5000 15000 75000 c 20000 10000 1200 40000 4000 1500 1000 1000 20000 4000 10000 c 15000 25000 4000 30000 6000 1800 9000 30000 15000 20000 40000 15000 6000 10000 3000 6000 1000 1500 30000 1000 3000 1700 1800 1250 1800 1200 3500 1000 1000 1200 4000

7827.23 7881.45 7881.57 7925.81 7938.68 7947.94 7950.18 7978.44 7978.57 7989.94 8026.35 8026.54 8131.52 8152.65 8153.75 8154.00 8246.86 8264.96 8272.44 8334.70 8343.70 8384.04 8446.55 8477.45 8513.38 8557.73 8566.28 8638.66 8698.53 8793.47 8819.96 8825.22 8888.98 8897.62 8932.40 8949.39 8964.00 9166.06 9173.63 9178.16 9265.42 9320.86 9793.48 9896.40 10140.08 10237.74 10299.62 10377.65 10457.96 10742.14 10755.92 13217.17 14354.57 14888.70 16731.19 18568.31 19733.62 20281.73 20624.67 21787.24 22865.65

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:03:24 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 500 500 600 150 120

23513.15 28346.50 30380.85 31630.13 38345.75 39964.36

I I I I I I

Cadmium Cd Z = 48 50 427.01 50 447.85 60 480.90 70 493.00 70 495.13 70 498.14 70 498.53 80 504.09 70 504.20 70 504.50 80 506.31 60 508.01 50 508.95 70 509.55 70 511.40 80 513.00 70 514.50 60 519.42 80 524.41 70 524.47 70 525.10 60 525.19 70 527.07 80 531.09 80 531.51 70 534.29 70 536.77 60 540.90 70 541.74 80 542.60 80 546.55 60 553.06 80 554.05 60 567.01 150 1118.16 100 1164.65 100 1183.40 100 1256.00 150 1296.43 100 1326.50 60 1370.48 150 1370.91 60 1418.89 200 1514.26 50 1545.17 200 1571.58 100 1668.60 50 1702.47 40 1707.16 40 1722.95 50 1724.41 40 1747.67 40 1773.06 100 1785.84

IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV II II II IV II IV II III II II II III III II III III II

Section 10.indb 11

10-11 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

75 40 100 50 40 40 200 150 300 100 40 30 200 100 50 75 40 50 75 150 50 1000 r 50 100 1000 1000 1500 r 1000 200 40 50 50 40 40 50 30 25 h 50 50 25 3 500 50 30 25 h 50 40 75 40 50 h 25 50 100 25 50 75 50 1000 100 h 50 h 50

1793.40 1823.41 1827.70 1844.66 1851.13 1855.85 1856.67 1874.08 1922.23 1943.54 1965.54 1986.89 1995.43 2007.49 2032.45 2036.23 2039.83 2045.61 2087.91 2096.00 2111.60 2144.41 2155.06 2187.79 2194.56 2265.02 2288.022 2312.77 2321.07 2376.82 2418.69 2469.73 2487.93 2495.58 2509.11 2516.22 2525.196 2544.613 2551.98 2553.465 2565.789 2572.93 2580.106 2592.026 2602.048 2628.979 2632.190 2639.420 2659.23 2660.325 2668.20 2672.62 2677.540 2677.748 2707.00 2712.505 2733.820 2748.54 2763.894 2764.230 2774.958

III III II III III III III III II II II II II II II II III III III II III II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II I I II I I II I I I I I I II I II II I I II I I II I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

30 200 25 100 200 r 50 r 200 50 200 1000 r 200 r 50 50 150 25 30 100 200 50 150 300 300 50 50 30 800 50 50 100 1000 800 25 150 25 100 100 1000 800 60 20 10 100 200 50 100 8 100 3 1000 30 8 200 30 300 50 50 1000 h 6 100 100 1000

2823.19 2836.900 2856.46 2868.180 2880.767 2881.224 2914.67 2927.87 2929.27 2980.620 2981.362 2981.845 3030.60 3080.822 3081.48 3082.593 3092.34 3133.167 3146.79 3250.33 3252.524 3261.055 3343.21 3385.49 3388.88 3403.652 3417.49 3442.42 3464.43 3466.200 3467.655 3483.08 3495.44 3499.952 3524.11 3535.69 3610.508 3612.873 3614.453 3649.558 3981.926 4029.12 4134.77 4141.49 4285.08 4306.672 4412.41 4412.989 4415.63 4440.45 4662.352 4678.149 4744.69 4799.912 4881.72 5025.50 5085.822 5154.660 5268.01 5271.60 5337.48

II I II I I I II II II I I I II I II I II I II II I I II II II I II II II I I II II I II II I I I I I II II II II I II I II II I I II I II II I I II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 200 40 50 300 100 100 30 400 500 2000 400 25 500 100 30 50 100 1000 50 5 20 15 35 80 55 d 25 35

5378.13 5381.89 5843.30 5880.22 6099.142 6111.49 6325.166 6330.013 6354.72 6359.98 6438.470 6464.94 6567.65 6725.78 6759.19 6778.116 7237.01 7284.38 7345.670 8066.99 8200.309 9289. 11652. 14487. 15708. 19120. 24371. 25448.

II II II II I I I I II II I II II II II I II II I II I I I I I I I I

Calcium Ca 250 250 300 250 265 400 300 400 300 450 c 500 300 300 300 250 c 250 450 250 200 750 600 250 750 500 500 400 300 400 750 300 500 24

Z = 20 190.46 196.97 199.55 200.51 257.98 267.77 270.31 280.99 284.98 286.96 322.17 323.22 330.94 334.55 342.45 343.93 352.92 377.18 387.08 425.00 434.57 437.77 443.82 450.57 558.60 637.93 643.12 646.57 656.00 656.76 669.70 1341.89

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V IV IV V V V V IV IV IV IV V V V V IV V IV II

5/4/05 8:03:27 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-12 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

12 20 20 60 20 40 40 60 20 40 17 16 16 19 21 19 20 10 15 3 19 170 180 150 20 12 19 20 13 18 20 30 40 170 180 20 30 230 220 50 60 30 40 50 50 24 22 22 25 20 23 22 20 19 25 26 25 30 28 20 20

1342.54 1433.75 1545.29 1649.86 1807.34 1814.50 1838.01 1840.06 1843.09 1850.69 2123.03 2152.43 2687.76 2881.78 2899.79 2924.33 2988.63 3006.86 3028.59 3055.32 3119.67 3158.87 3179.33 3181.28 3316.51 3361.92 3372.67 3461.87 3487.60 3537.77 3644.41 3683.70 3694.11 3706.03 3736.90 3755.67 3758.39 3933.66 3968.47 4097.10 4109.82 4110.28 4206.18 4220.07 4226.73 4283.01 4289.36 4298.99 4302.53 4302.81 4307.74 4318.65 4355.08 4399.59 4425.44 4434.96 4435.69 4454.78 4455.89 4456.61 4472.04

Section 10.indb 12

Intensity II II III II II II II II II II III III III III III III III I III I III II II II II I III II I III I II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I III I I I III I I I I I I II

20 19 23 22 23 23 24 24 20 30 40 40 25 70 80 40 23 25 22 23 22 24 25 60 70 50 27 23 25 27 24 26 25 24 24 30 27 29 22 30 22 24 26 28 35 30 22 80 34 29 32 28 23 30 33 31 33 30 60 80 20

Wavelength/Å 4489.18 4499.88 4526.94 4578.55 4581.40 4581.47 4585.87 4585.96 4685.27 4716.74 4721.03 4799.97 4878.13 5001.48 5019.97 5021.14 5041.62 5188.85 5261.71 5262.24 5264.24 5265.56 5270.27 5285.27 5307.22 5339.19 5349.47 5512.98 5581.97 5588.76 5590.12 5594.47 5598.49 5601.29 5602.85 5857.45 6102.72 6122.22 6161.29 6162.17 6163.76 6166.44 6169.06 6169.56 6439.07 6449.81 6455.60 6456.87 6462.57 6471.66 6493.78 6499.65 6572.78 6717.69 7148.15 7202.19 7326.15 7575.81 7581.11 7601.30 7602.32

II III I I I I I I I II II II I II II II I I I I I I I II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

40 60 20 20 70 100 110 70 130 170 160 100 110 110 90 100 110 25 100 110 80 80 110 90 100 20 20 25 24 25 30 21 24 20 22 21 20 24 30 48 49 47 50 35 34 23 24 25 30

7820.78 7843.38 8017.50 8020.50 8133.05 8201.72 8248.80 8254.73 8498.02 8542.09 8662.14 8912.07 8927.36 9213.90 9312.00 9319.56 9320.65 9416.97 9567.97 9599.24 9601.82 9854.74 9890.63 9931.39 10223.04 10343.81 11838.99 12816.04 12823.86 12909.10 13033.57 13086.44 13134.95 16150.77 16157.36 16197.04 18925.47 18970.14 19046.14 19309.20 19452.99 19505.72 19776.79 19853.10 19862.22 19917.19 19933.70 22624.93 22651.23

Carbon C Z = 6 110 34.973 450 40.268 110 227.19 250 244.91 160 248.66 160 248.74 200 289.14 250 289.23 570 312.42 500 312.46 250 371.69

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V V V IV V V IV IV IV IV III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

250 150 650 700 500 400 500 200 400 500 570 250 250 300 350 400 350 9 30 50 10 20 30 60 150 30 800 9 10 10 80 150 150 150 150 370 350 330 500 350 370 150 150 200 300 300 300 300 100 150 150 100 100 100 250 250 300 300 200 100 9

371.75 371.78 384.03 384.18 386.203 419.52 419.71 450.734 459.46 459.52 459.63 511.522 535.288 538.080 538.149 538.312 574.281 595.022 687.053 687.345 858.092 858.559 903.624 903.962 904.142 904.480 977.03 1009.86 1010.08 1010.37 1036.337 1037.018 1157.910 1158.019 1158.035 1174.93 1175.26 1175.59 1175.71 1175.99 1176.37 1188.992 1189.447 1189.631 1193.009 1193.031 1193.240 1193.264 1193.393 1193.649 1193.679 1194.064 1194.488 1261.552 1277.245 1277.282 1277.513 1277.550 1280.333 1311.363 1323.951

III III IV IV III IV IV III III III III III III III III III III II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II I I I III III III III III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

5/4/05 8:03:30 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

120 120 150 300 100 150 120 100 200 120 150 1000 900 150 400 400 100 400 150 120 300 120 120 150 500 1000 250 40 5 20 800 800 250 350 200 l 300 s 250 h 150 110 l 150 l 150 l 350 l 250 1000 800 200 800 h 350 350 350 570 800 150 200 250 250 250 350 l 150 250 h 800

1329.578 1329.600 1334.532 1335.708 1354.288 1355.84 1364.164 1459.032 1463.336 1467.402 1481.764 1548.202 1550.774 1560.310 1560.683 1560.708 1561.341 1561.438 1656.266 1656.928 1657.008 1657.380 1657.907 1658.122 1751.823 1930.905 2162.94 2270.91 2277.25 2277.92 2296.87 2478.56 2509.12 2512.06 2524.41 2529.98 2574.83 2697.75 2724.85 2725.30 2725.90 2741.28 2746.49 2836.71 2837.60 2982.11 2992.62 3876.19 3876.41 3876.66 3918.98 3920.69 4056.06 4067.94 4068.91 4070.26 4074.52 4075.85 4162.86 4186.90 4267.00

Section 10.indb 13

I I II II I I I I I I I IV IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I III V V V III I II II IV IV II III III III III II II II II III II II II II II II III III III III II II III III II

10-13 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 200 600 520 375 200 w 200 200 200 5 5 200 350 350 350 570 400 300 250 350 450 250 200 150 570 350 200 250 110 150 300 250 800 570 200 150 250 150 h 250 250 250 200 350 800 1000 150 90 w 200 200 300 h 150 520 300 250 200 200 250 450 300 800 150

4267.26 4325.56 4647.42 4650.25 4651.47 4658.30 4665.86 4771.75 4932.05 4943.88 4944.56 5052.17 5132.94 5133.28 5143.49 5145.16 5151.09 5380.34 5648.07 5662.47 5695.92 5801.33 5811.98 5826.42 5889.77 5891.59 6001.13 6006.03 6007.18 6010.68 6013.22 6014.84 6578.05 6582.88 6587.61 6744.38 6783.90 7037.25 7113.18 7115.19 7115.63 7116.99 7119.90 7231.32 7236.42 7612.65 7726.2 7860.89 8058.62 8196.48 8332.99 8335.15 8500.32 9061.43 9062.47 9078.28 9088.51 9094.83 9111.80 9405.73 9603.03

II III III III III IV III I I V V I II II II II II I II II III IV IV III II II I I I I I I II II I III II III I I II I II II II III IV I I III III I III I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

250 300 200 300 12 23 13 47 24 85 142 114 11 17 30 26 20 38 16 61 12 13 12 50 10 11 13 23

9620.80 9658.44 10683.08 10691.25 11619.29 11628.83 11658.85 11659.68 11669.63 11748.22 11753.32 11754.76 11777.54 11892.91 11895.75 12614.10 13502.27 14399.65 14403.25 14420.12 14429.03 14442.24 16559.66 16890.38 17338.56 17448.60 18139.80 19721.99

Cerium Ce 300 200 40 30 75 75 100 100 10000 10000 10000 10000 15000 10000 10000 10000 10000 20000 10000 340 270 250 10000 10000 400 10000 50000 95000 20000 40000 20000 680

Z = 58 399.36 482.96 741.79 754.60 1332.16 1372.72 2000.42 2009.94 2318.64 2372.34 2380.12 2431.45 2439.80 2454.32 2469.95 2483.82 2497.50 2531.99 2603.59 2651.01 2830.90 2874.14 2923.81 2931.54 2976.91 3022.75 3031.58 3055.59 3056.56 3057.23 3057.58 3063.01

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V V IV IV IV IV IV IV III III III III III III III III III III III II II II III III II III III III III III III II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

40000 20000 30000 30000 20000 20000 20000 710 990 710 880 710 20000 710 990 20000 10000 30000 40000 30000 40000 60000 710 50000 60000 770 50000 1200 1000 1800 880 880 1000 1000 1400 800 860 2500 800 1000 1100 860 860 1200 1200 1100 1500 1000 770 980 770 770 770 2000 2700 770 3100 980 770 770 770

3085.10 3106.98 3110.53 3121.56 3141.29 3143.96 3147.06 3194.83 3201.71 3218.94 3221.17 3227.11 3228.57 3234.16 3272.25 3353.29 3395.77 3427.36 3443.63 3454.39 3459.39 3470.92 3485.05 3497.81 3504.64 3539.08 3544.07 3560.80 3577.45 3655.85 3660.64 3667.98 3709.29 3709.93 3716.37 3728.42 3786.63 3801.52 3803.09 3808.11 3838.54 3848.59 3853.15 3854.18 3854.31 3878.36 3882.45 3889.98 3907.29 3912.44 3918.28 3931.09 3940.34 3942.15 3942.75 3943.89 3952.54 3956.28 3960.91 3967.05 3978.65

III III III III III III III II II II II II III II II III III III III III III III II III III II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

5/4/05 8:03:32 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-14 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

770 700 910 2800 910 2700 910 840 840 840 2100 910 700 1100 1800 1500 1500 910 770 980 980 2700 2000 770 980 1400 1300 3500 840 910 1500 770 980 1100 2000 1500 770 770 980 700 910 910 700 1700 980 770 2400 1400 700 700 840 770 840 840 840 2100 1100 840 1700 310 470

3984.68 3992.39 3993.82 3999.24 4003.77 4012.39 4014.90 4024.49 4028.41 4031.34 4040.76 4042.58 4053.51 4071.81 4073.48 4075.71 4075.85 4083.23 4118.14 4123.87 4127.37 4133.80 4137.65 4142.40 4149.94 4151.97 4165.61 4186.60 4198.72 4202.94 4222.60 4227.75 4239.92 4248.68 4289.94 4296.67 4300.33 4306.72 4337.77 4349.79 4364.66 4382.17 4386.84 4391.66 4418.78 4449.34 4460.21 4471.24 4479.36 4483.90 4486.91 4523.08 4527.35 4528.47 4539.75 4562.36 4572.28 4593.93 4628.16 4737.28 5079.68

Section 10.indb 14

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

280 280 370 260 260 340 450 300 280 260 300 370 240 230 55 55 55 75 110 10000 110 55 10000 45 45 35 35 35 35 23 28 45 35 28 23 35 35 35 28 23 35 23 35 28 35 23 45 23 22 30 22 26 35 30 35 30 30 35 35 22 25

5159.69 5161.48 5187.46 5223.46 5245.92 5274.23 5353.53 5393.40 5409.23 5512.08 5696.99 5699.23 5719.03 5940.86 6001.90 6005.86 6006.82 6013.42 6024.20 6032.54 6043.39 6047.40 6060.91 6098.34 6123.67 6143.36 6186.17 6208.98 6228.94 6232.45 6237.45 6272.05 6295.58 6299.51 6300.21 6310.01 6343.95 6371.11 6386.84 6393.02 6430.07 6436.40 6458.03 6467.39 6473.72 6513.59 6555.65 6579.10 6612.06 6628.93 6652.72 6700.66 6704.27 6774.28 6775.59 6924.81 6986.02 7061.75 7086.35 7238.36 7252.75

Intensity I I II I I II II II II II I I I I I I I I I III II I III II I II I I I II I II I II I I II II I II I I I I I II I I I I II I I II I I I II II II I

25 25 25 25 22 22 30 25 30 Cesium Ce 10000 2000 2500 5000 3500 15000 20000 20000 5000 12000 15000 15000 7500 35000 15000 40000 25000 c 17 c 12 10 20 c 11 12 12 25 25 c 12 17 710 120 330 540 410 210 200 1000 230 390 1600 1600 890 410 1400 430 16000 390 6200 370 710 390 270

Wavelength/Å 7329.91 7397.77 7616.11 7689.17 7844.94 7857.54 8025.56 8772.14 8891.20

I I II II II II II II II

Z = 55 614.01 638.17 666.25 691.60 703.89 718.14 721.79 722.20 731.56 740.29 808.76 813.84 830.39 901.27 920.35 926.66 1054.79 1673.99 1705.25 1801.83 1822.40 1823.93 1824.70 1841.80 1915.50 1923.29 1961.33 1996.56 2035.11 2056.43 2076.43 2077.30 2088.68 2101.63 2141.47 2316.88 2325.95 2340.49 2455.81 2477.57 2485.45 2495.07 2525.67 2573.05 2596.86 2610.12 2630.51 2700.32 2701.20 2776.44 2810.87

III III III III III II III III III III II II III II III II III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

630 3100 200 180 3200 210 1700 1100 c 1400 8400 1300 550 430 1200 400 580 480 7200 1300 2300 300 c 520 4800 640 430 2100 c 2900 600 c 2700 680 c 3100 420 520 14000 18000 w 370 1200 940 530 12000 1200 590 20000 1000 c 460 c 99900 420 h 210 25000 140 19000 37000 370 27000 75000 29000 11000 10000 c 22000 230 60 c

2845.70 2859.32 2893.85 2921.13 2976.86 3001.28 3066.59 3149.36 3152.36 3268.32 3315.51 3340.60 3344.02 3349.46 3463.45 3476.83 3559.82 3597.45 3608.31 3618.19 3641.34 3651.08 3661.40 3699.50 3837.46 3876.15 3888.37 3888.61 3925.60 4001.70 4006.55 4006.78 4043.42 4264.70 4277.13 4403.86 4410.22 4425.68 4471.48 4501.55 4506.72 4522.86 4526.74 4555.28 4593.17 4603.79 4620.61 4665.52 4830.19 4851.59 4870.04 4952.85 5035.72 5043.80 5227.04 5249.38 5274.05 5349.13 5370.99 5380.79 5465.94

III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III I III I III III III III III II II III III III III II III III II I I II III III II III II II III II II II II II II III I

5/4/05 8:03:34 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

37 39000 100 210 c 27 24000 59 c 300 51000 140 110 640 c 86 150 870 9800 330 1000 170 450 320 c 510 8300 10000 w 490 97 8800 3300 c 9600 400 200 300 37000 4800 16000 980 13000 w 1900 c 790 130 1100 2600 c 3300 22000 3500 510 4500 59000 c 15000 c 61000 c 18000 5200 19000 4800 26000 2900 38000 c 8400 5700 55000 c 820

5502.88 5563.02 5635.21 5664.02 5745.72 5831.14 5838.83 5845.14 5925.63 5950.14 5979.97 6010.49 6034.09 6043.99 6079.86 6128.61 6150.42 6213.10 6217.60 6242.96 6354.55 6456.33 6495.53 6536.44 6586.51 6628.66 6646.57 6723.28 6724.47 6753.12 6824.65 6870.45 6955.50 6973.30 6979.67 6983.49 7149.54 7219.60 7228.53 7279.90 7279.96 7608.90 7943.88 7997.44 8015.73 8078.94 8079.04 8521.13 8761.41 8943.47 9172.32 9208.53 10024.36 10123.41 10123.60 13424.31 13588.29 13602.56 13758.81 14694.91 16535.63

Section 10.indb 15

I II I I I II I I II III III I I III III II III I I III I III II II I I II I II III I I II I II I II III I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-15 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1500 760 880 1100 3900 4400 850 890 d 500 680 c 2800 610 c 1100 190 2c 2d 1

17012.32 20138.47 22811.86 23037.98 23344.47 24251.21 24374.96 25763.51 25764.73 29310.06 30103.27 30953.06 34900.13 36131.00 39177.28 39421.25 39424.11

Chlorine Cl 500 800 800 700 600 900 500 600 800 600 1000 600 1000 500 700 600 700 600 700 700 350 700 700 700 400 800 500 500 500 700 600 800 700 800 1000 1000 1000 1300 2000 1500 1500 1500 2000

Z = 17 392.43 486.17 534.73 535.67 536.15 537.61 538.03 538.12 542.23 542.30 545.11 546.33 547.63 549.22 552.02 553.30 554.62 556.23 556.61 557.12 559.305 561.53 561.68 561.74 571.904 574.406 601.50 604.59 606.35 618.057 619.982 620.298 626.735 635.881 636.626 650.894 659.811 661.841 663.074 682.053 687.656 693.594 725.271

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V IV IV IV IV IV V IV V V V V V IV IV IV IV III III III II III III III II II IV IV III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2500 2000 5000 5000 5000 500 500 6000 8000 600 5000 2000 2000 2000 500 600 40 700 25 25 75 500 600 150 700 90 6000 3000 9000 6000 5000 5000 200 200 250 400 350 250 250 400 350 350 400 250 300 200 200 500 800 800 3000 1200 900 3000 10000 5000 12000 2500 20000 25000 20000

728.951 777.562 787.580 788.740 793.342 834.84 834.97 839.297 839.599 840.93 851.691 888.026 893.549 961.499 973.21 977.56 978.284 984.95 998.372 998.432 1002.346 1005.28 1008.78 1013.664 1015.02 1025.553 1063.831 1067.945 1071.036 1071.767 1075.230 1079.080 1084.667 1085.171 1085.304 1088.06 1090.271 1090.982 1092.437 1094.769 1095.148 1095.662 1095.797 1096.810 1097.369 1098.068 1099.523 1107.528 1139.214 1167.148 1179.293 1188.774 1201.353 1335.726 1347.240 1351.657 1363.447 1373.116 1379.528 1389.693 1389.957

II II II II II IV IV II II IV II II II II IV IV I IV I I I III III I III I II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

12000 500 500 500 500 500 600 500 500 500 500 450 h 450 350 h 350 h 700 500 500 700 600 500 600 600 600 700 600 600 500 500 600 500 500 500 600 700 500 500 700 600 500 600 600 800 900 700 700 800 900 800 800 900 800 900 800 700 700 700 700 600 600 800

1396.527 1441.470 1528.569 1542.942 1558.144 1565.050 1822.50 1828.40 1857.488 1901.61 1983.61 1997.370 2032.116 2088.583 2091.458 2253.07 2268.95 2278.34 2283.93 2323.50 2336.45 2340.64 2359.67 2370.37 2416.42 2447.14 2448.58 2486.91 2532.48 2580.67 2603.59 2632.67 2633.18 2665.54 2710.37 2724.03 2751.23 2782.47 2965.56 3063.13 3076.68 3104.46 3139.34 3191.45 3289.80 3320.57 3329.06 3340.42 3392.89 3393.45 3530.03 3560.68 3602.10 3612.85 3622.69 3656.95 3670.28 3682.05 3705.45 3707.34 3720.45

I II II II II II III III II III III II II II II III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV IV IV III IV IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III

5/4/05 8:03:37 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-16 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

800 500 10000 25000 500 700 600 600 500 500 10000 h 500 40 50 80 45 40 45 13000 99000 29000 16000 81000 47000 26000 10000 26000 30 56000 23000 15000 99000 10000 19000 10000 40 50 d 45 30 50 200 160 150 300 300 600 7500 5000 550 550 700 11000 2300 450 7000 10000 2200 650 2200 1700 3000

3748.81 3779.35 3850.99 3860.83 3925.87 3991.50 4018.50 4059.07 4104.23 4106.83 4132.50 4608.21 4623.938 4654.040 4661.208 4691.523 4721.255 4740.729 4781.32 4794.55 4810.06 4819.47 4896.77 4904.78 4917.73 4995.48 5078.26 5099.789 5217.94 5221.36 5392.12 5423.23 5423.51 5443.37 5444.21 5532.162 5796.305 5799.914 5856.742 6019.812 6140.245 6194.757 6434.833 6932.903 6981.886 7086.814 7256.62 7414.11 7462.370 7489.47 7492.118 7547.072 7672.42 7702.828 7717.581 7744.97 7769.16 7771.09 7821.36 7830.75 7878.22

Section 10.indb 16

III III II II III III III III III III II III I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2300 1800 3000 2100 1700 650 1500 1300 600 2900 2200 1100 400 1700 2200 3000 1300 2500 2200 2200 800 18000 3000 20000 18000 99900 400 15000 2200 2200 20000 750 75000 450 300 3500 2200 3000 2000 2500 1000 2000 7500 3000 500 4000 1500 3500 500 1000 3500 250 1000 250 200 400 331 300 269 1000 350

7899.31 7915.08 7924.645 7933.89 7935.012 7952.52 7974.72 7976.97 7980.60 7997.85 8015.61 8023.33 8051.07 8084.51 8085.56 8086.67 8087.73 8194.42 8199.13 8200.21 8203.78 8212.04 8220.45 8221.74 8333.31 8375.94 8406.199 8428.25 8467.34 8550.44 8575.24 8578.02 8585.97 8628.54 8641.71 8686.26 8912.92 8948.06 9038.982 9045.43 9069.656 9073.17 9121.15 9191.731 9197.596 9288.86 9393.862 9452.10 9486.964 9584.801 9592.22 9632.509 9702.439 9744.426 9807.057 9875.970 10392.549 11123.05 11409.69 11436.33 13243.8

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

310 550 525 294 269 381 1094 1487 2780 277 342 735 283 259 717 100

13296.0 13346.8 13821.7 14931.7 15108.0 15465.1 15520.3 15730.1 15869.7 15883.3 15928.9 15960.0 15970.5 16198.5 19755.3 24470.0 39716.0 40085.5 40089.5 40532.2

Chromium Cr Z = 24 100 438.62 100 464.02 100 620.66 100 629.26 80 630.30 100 666.55 100 693.92 60 1030.47 100 1033.69 100 1036.03 80 1055.89 80 1068.41 100 1116.48 150 1121.07 150 1127.63 100 1263.50 100 1417.42 150 1465.86 150 1497.97 170 1519.03 220 1579.70 170 1591.72 150 1603.19 120 1672.66 120 1758.51 140 1802.72 130 1812.41 200 1837.44 140 1873.89 140 1967.18 120 1972.07 19000 2055.52 14000 2061.49 8900 2065.42 200 2226.72 200 2235.91 150 2237.59 150 2244.10 150 2284.44 150 2324.88

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V V IV IV IV IV IV III III III IV III V V V V IV V V V V V V IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV II II II III III III III III III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

130 140 170 110 190 110 390 190 160 130 150 100 380 250 250 320 440 280 350 280 1800 320 230 280 180 180 110 140 170 420 h 280 h 170 h 250 110 h 330 390 280 110 h 150 350 750 750 250 h 610 180 180 2500 110 1700 1200 120 880 610 440 790 750 610 480 210 110 160

2383.33 2408.62 2496.31 2502.53 2504.31 2516.92 2519.52 2527.12 2549.54 2560.69 2571.74 2577.65 2591.85 2653.59 2658.59 2663.42 2666.02 2668.71 2671.81 2672.83 2677.16 2678.79 2687.09 2691.04 2698.41 2698.69 2701.99 2712.31 2722.75 2726.51 2731.91 2736.47 2743.64 2748.29 2748.98 2750.73 2751.87 2752.88 2757.10 2757.72 2762.59 2766.54 2769.92 2780.70 2822.37 2830.47 2835.63 2840.02 2843.25 2849.84 2851.36 2855.68 2858.91 2860.93 2862.57 2865.11 2866.74 2867.65 2870.44 2871.63 2873.48

I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II I I I II I II II II I I II II II I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II

5/4/05 8:03:39 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

320 230 180 120 170 700 370 190 210 180 260 260 250 480 480 210 480 190 350 110 480 1500 2100 660 160 480 230 300 700 210 1100 750 140 710 710 1400 710 2800 430 240 430 2800 1100 170 710 140 390 550 550 110 710 240 430 470 120 590 140 140 100 100 240

2875.99 2876.24 2877.98 2879.27 2887.00 2889.29 2893.25 2894.17 2896.75 2905.49 2909.05 2910.90 2911.14 2967.64 2971.11 2971.91 2975.48 2979.74 2980.79 2985.32 2985.85 2986.00 2986.47 2988.65 2989.19 2991.89 2994.07 2995.10 2996.58 2998.79 3000.89 3005.06 3013.03 3013.71 3014.76 3014.92 3015.19 3017.57 3018.50 3018.82 3020.67 3021.56 3024.35 3029.16 3030.24 3031.35 3034.19 3037.04 3040.85 3050.14 3053.88 3118.65 3120.37 3124.94 3128.70 3132.06 3136.68 3147.23 3155.15 3163.76 3180.70

Section 10.indb 17

II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I II I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II II II II II II II I I II

10-17 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

220 170 140 120 130 130 130 110 170 160 430 140 170 360 210 270 140 270 160 140 170 170 190 130 100 120 130 130 330 h 19000 160 h 130 17000 350 13000 130 350 630 220 220 170 220 130 120 130 130 130 150 480 570 340 230 260 130 130 120 130 140 200 530 110

3197.08 3209.18 3217.40 3245.54 3251.84 3257.82 3339.80 3342.59 3358.50 3360.30 3368.05 3382.68 3403.32 3408.76 3421.21 3422.74 3433.31 3433.60 3436.19 3441.44 3445.62 3447.43 3453.33 3455.60 3460.43 3550.64 3566.16 3573.64 3574.80 3578.69 3584.33 3585.30 3593.49 3601.67 3605.33 3632.84 3636.59 3639.80 3641.83 3649.00 3653.91 3656.26 3663.21 3685.55 3686.80 3687.25 3730.81 3732.03 3743.58 3743.88 3749.00 3757.66 3768.24 3791.38 3792.14 3793.29 3793.88 3797.13 3797.72 3804.80 3806.83

II II II I I I II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 180 180 130 130 380 190 140 290 140 190 110 140 260 660 570 380 260 360 960 120 hd 120 190 1900 600 600 410 1900 120 1600 1600 960 190 160 960 160 190 160 120 120 190 160 120 140 120 140 170 170 110 20000 110 16000 10000 780 1100 380 1900 380 2300 570 530

3807.93 3815.43 3819.56 3826.42 3830.03 3841.28 3848.98 3849.36 3850.04 3852.22 3854.22 3855.29 3855.57 3857.63 3883.29 3885.22 3886.79 3894.04 3902.92 3908.76 3911.82 3915.84 3916.24 3919.16 3921.02 3928.64 3941.49 3963.69 3969.06 3969.75 3976.66 3983.91 3984.34 3989.99 3991.12 3991.67 3992.84 4001.44 4012.47 4026.17 4039.10 4048.78 4058.77 4126.52 4153.82 4163.62 4174.80 4179.26 4209.37 4254.35 4263.14 4274.80 4289.72 4337.57 4339.45 4339.72 4344.51 4351.05 4351.77 4359.63 4371.28

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 530 110 660 380 380 240 240 240 140 600 120 120 360 360 480 240 600 550 1600 570 840 240 d 190 240 120 140 340 190 120 110 140 130 260 110 70 110 60 70 70 70 85 5300 8400 11000 85 290 530 180 95 h 70 h 340 70 h 660 85 340 h 70 h 780 380 40 1400

4374.16 4384.98 4458.54 4496.86 4526.47 4530.74 4535.72 4540.50 4540.72 4544.62 4545.96 4565.51 4571.68 4580.06 4591.39 4600.75 4613.37 4616.14 4626.19 4646.17 4651.28 4652.16 4698.46 4708.04 4718.43 4730.71 4737.35 4756.11 4789.32 4801.03 4829.38 4870.80 4887.01 4922.27 4936.33 4942.50 4954.81 5013.32 5166.23 5184.59 5192.00 5196.44 5204.52 5206.04 5208.44 5224.94 5247.56 5264.15 5265.72 5275.17 5276.03 5296.69 5297.36 5298.27 5300.75 5328.34 5329.17 5345.81 5348.32 5400.61 5409.79

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:03:41 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-18 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

24 7 24 24 40 24 24 24 h 30 h 24 h 19 h 60 h 180 h 35 22 19 21 h 27 h 30 h 85 130 150 40 19

5628.64 5642.36 5664.04 5694.73 5698.33 5702.31 5712.78 5783.11 5783.93 5785.00 5785.82 5787.99 5791.00 6330.10 6362.87 6661.08 6883.03 6924.13 6978.48 7355.90 7400.21 7462.31 8947.15 8976.83

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Cobalt Co Z = 27 20 355.52 18 355.88 12 356.06 66 609.16 70 609.21 64 609.28 10 1018.36 10 1021.14 15 1231.73 50 1277.01 80 1299.58 80 1306.95 50 1345.67 1000 1696.01 800 1697.99 1000 1707.35 5000 1760.35 5000 1773.57 2000 1780.05 3000 1782.97 1000 1787.08 1000 1789.07 1000 1823.08 2000 1830.09 2000 1831.44 5000 1835.00 1500 1842.34 1800 1847.89 1800 1852.71 2400 1855.05 2000 1863.83 1500 1878.28 1800 1936.58 1500 1946.79 1500 1951.90 1800 1954.22

V V V IV IV IV V V V V II II V III III III III III III III III III III III III III I I I I III I I I I I

Section 10.indb 18

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1800 1500 1500 1500 h 1500 h 3000 1800 h 1800 h 1500 1800 2400 h 1500 1800 1500 l 1500 900 50 1200 h 900 50 50 900 1500 1200 50 1500 h 900 900 900 900 900 900 1200 1500 1500 900 900 s 900 900 900 1100 200 200 150 200 1000 200 300 d 300 800 d 2600 500 500 300 200 p 2400 300 p 200 d 500 1400 1600

1955.17 1958.55 1961.59 1968.69 1968.93 1970.71 1971.16 1972.52 1973.85 1976.97 1980.89 1989.80 1990.34 1998.49 2002.32 2008.04 2011.51 2014.58 2016.17 2022.35 2027.04 2031.96 2039.95 2041.11 2065.54 2077.76 2085.67 2087.55 2089.35 2093.40 2094.86 2095.77 2097.51 2104.73 2106.80 2108.98 2117.68 2137.78 2138.97 2163.03 2174.60 2193.60 2256.73 2260.00 2283.52 2286.15 2291.98 2293.38 2301.40 2307.85 2309.02 2311.60 2314.05 2314.96 2317.06 2323.14 2324.31 2326.11 2326.47 2335.99 2338.67

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II II I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II I II II II II I II II II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 1600 200 d 2000 500 400 1400 200 300 p 1400 200 500 200 1100 d 200 p 5300 5300 1600 4800 4800 300 4100 3300 2900 2400 200 200 d 200 p 200 200 200 200 570 500 360 200 860 500 4300 200 h 300 500 2900 200 p 720 860 200 d 2900 860 300 1700 200 340 310 310 300 200 960 500 1100 960

2347.39 2352.85 2353.41 2353.42 2363.80 2378.62 2380.48 2381.76 2383.45 2384.86 2386.36 2388.92 2397.38 2402.06 2404.16 2407.25 2411.62 2412.76 2414.46 2415.30 2417.65 2424.93 2432.21 2436.66 2439.05 2442.63 2446.03 2447.69 2450.00 2464.20 2486.44 2498.82 2504.52 2506.46 2506.88 2511.16 2517.87 2519.82 2521.36 2524.65 2524.97 2528.62 2528.97 2530.09 2530.13 2532.18 2533.82 2535.96 2536.49 2541.94 2544.25 2546.74 2548.34 2553.37 2555.07 2559.41 2560.03 2562.15 2564.04 2567.35 2574.35

II I II I II II I II II I II II II I II I I I I I II I I I I II II II II II II II I II I II I II I II II II I II I I II I I II I II I I I II II I II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

800 300 d 500 500 200 100 p 100 100 100 p 100 100 310 770 100 100 200 100 100 100 200 200 190 100 80 190 100 190 100 100 100 100 150 80 80 80 190 100 100 100 690 690 60 3100 1700 80 1100 2200 11000 4500 6700 2200 2700 50 2500 4500 1600 8800 50 4100 2100 21000

2580.32 2582.22 2587.22 2587.52 2588.91 2605.71 2612.50 2614.36 2628.77 2632.26 2636.07 2646.42 2648.64 2653.72 2663.53 2666.73 2675.85 2684.42 2702.02 2706.62 2707.35 2715.99 2727.78 2734.54 2745.10 2753.22 2764.19 2766.70 2774.97 2791.00 2793.73 2815.56 2835.63 2847.35 2871.22 2886.44 2918.38 2930.24 2954.73 2987.16 2989.59 3022.59 3044.00 3061.82 3387.70 3388.17 3395.38 3405.12 3409.18 3412.34 3412.63 3417.16 3423.84 3431.58 3433.04 3442.93 3443.64 3446.39 3449.17 3449.44 3453.50

II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II II II II II II II I II II I II I II II II II I II II II I II II II I I II I I II I I I I I I I II I I I I II I I I

5/4/05 8:03:44 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 5100 5100 8000 1900 4800 2400 50 9600 7000 50 2900 1400 4800 3800 4800 1300 2700 3800 60 6400 2700 7300 1900 50 1100 80 8800 50 1600 60 2500 60 1000 6700 1900 1600 100 1000 80 60 1100 1400 6900 5500 2800 7900 1500 80 h 6000 970 350 370 350 830 550 2800 4400 90 90 690

3455.23 3462.80 3465.80 3474.02 3483.41 3489.40 3495.69 3501.72 3502.28 3506.32 3507.77 3509.84 3510.43 3512.64 3513.48 3518.35 3520.08 3521.57 3523.43 3523.51 3526.85 3529.03 3529.81 3533.36 3545.03 3560.89 3561.07 3569.38 3574.95 3574.96 3575.32 3575.36 3577.96 3585.16 3587.19 3594.87 3602.08 3621.21 3627.81 3643.61 3681.35 3745.50 3842.05 3845.47 3873.12 3873.96 3894.08 3935.97 3963.10 3995.31 3997.91 4020.90 4045.39 4066.37 4092.39 4110.54 4118.77 4121.32 4190.71 4469.56 4530.96

Section 10.indb 19

I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I II I I I I II I II I II I II I II I I I I II I II II I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-19 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

90 140 190 120 85 110 100 150 80 h 50 50 50 50 50

4549.66 4565.59 4581.60 4629.38 4663.41 4792.86 4840.27 4867.88 4964.18 5212.71 5230.22 5247.93 5342.71 5352.05

I I I I I I I I II I I I I I

Z = 29 685.141 709.313 718.179 724.489 735.520 736.032 779.295 797.455 810.998 813.883 826.996 848.808 851.303 858.487 861.994 865.390 869.336 873.263 876.723 877.012 877.555 878.699 884.133 885.847 886.943 890.567 892.414 893.678 894.227 896.759 896.976 901.073 906.113 914.213 922.019 924.239 935.232 935.898 943.335 945.525 945.965 954.383 956.290 958.154 960.414 968.042

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Copper Cu 80 100 100 150 200 250 80 100 150 200 300 150 250 250 400 400 250 150 200 250 200 500 100 250 600 600 500 800 400 600 400 600 400 800 600 500 400 600 600 600 500 200 250 400 200 250

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 250 100 250 300 300 300 300 250 500 500 250 200 600 600 600 800 800 500 600 400 600 400 600 600 600 200 200 500 300 200 300 250 150 200 300 100 150 300 150 150 150 300 300 100 100 150 250 150 300 200 200 250 200 300 r 200 r 100 100 150 150 100

974.759 977.567 987.657 992.953 1004.055 1008.569 1008.728 1010.269 1012.597 1018.707 1027.831 1028.328 1030.263 1036.470 1039.348 1039.582 1044.519 1044.744 1049.755 1054.690 1055.797 1056.955 1058.799 1059.096 1060.634 1063.005 1065.782 1066.134 1069.195 1073.745 1088.395 1094.402 1097.053 1119.947 1142.640 1144.856 1250.048 1265.506 1275.572 1282.455 1287.468 1298.395 1308.297 1314.337 1320.686 1326.395 1350.594 1351.837 1355.305 1358.773 1359.009 1362.600 1367.951 1371.840 1376.79 1377.49 1393.128 1398.642 1402.777 1407.169 1414.898

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III III II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

250 250 200 400 250 150 150 200 200 250 200 300 250 200 400 200 400 200 250 200 150 300 r 200 200 750 300 250 250 350 150 250 200 300 350 200 200 500 200 500 600 200 200 150 500 300 250 250 500 200 300 300 750 400 100 300 300 500 250 400 500 300

1418.426 1421.759 1427.829 1430.243 1434.904 1436.236 1442.139 1445.984 1449.058 1450.304 1452.294 1458.002 1459.412 1463.752 1463.838 1466.070 1470.697 1472.395 1473.978 1474.935 1476.059 1481.23 1481.544 1485.328 1488.831 1492.834 1493.366 1495.430 1496.687 1503.368 1504.757 1505.388 1508.632 1510.506 1512.465 1513.366 1514.492 1517.631 1519.492 1519.837 1520.540 1524.860 1525.764 1531.856 1532.131 1533.986 1535.002 1537.559 1540.239 1540.389 1540.588 1541.703 1544.677 1547.958 1550.653 1551.389 1552.646 1553.896 1555.134 1555.703 1558.345

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

5/4/05 8:03:47 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-20 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

400 400 100 300 300 400 500 400 600 500 r 400 400 200 300 400 250 150 200 600 400 250 100 1000 r 250 30 r 200 200 300 100 30 30 30 r 50 r 150 50 r 100 50 r 150 200 r 100 r 250 250 100 200 150 150 500 300 250 270 250 350 300 100 110 320 300 320 350 350 420

1565.924 1566.415 1569.416 1579.492 1580.626 1581.995 1583.682 1590.165 1593.556 1593.75 1598.402 1602.388 1604.848 1605.281 1606.834 1608.639 1610.296 1617.915 1621.426 1622.428 1630.268 1636.605 1642.21 1649.458 1655.32 1656.322 1660.001 1663.002 1672.776 1688.09 1691.08 1703.84 1713.36 1717.721 1725.66 1736.551 1741.57 1753.281 1774.82 1825.35 1929.751 1944.597 1946.493 1957.518 1970.495 1977.027 1979.956 1989.855 1999.698 2035.854 2037.127 2043.802 2054.980 2078.663 2098.398 2104.797 2112.100 2117.310 2122.980 2126.044 2134.341

Section 10.indb 20

II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II III II I II II II II I I I I II I II I II I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

900 400 150 1300 r 250 1600 r 700 1700 r 700 900 400 1700 r 1300 r 100 200 750 1600 r 250 1000 r 750 2100 r 150 1600 r 350 2500 r 1100 r 900 2300 r 1000 1300 r 2200 r 150 200 100 2500 r 170 1000 150 2500 r 120 1500 1000 r 100 2000 r 150 120 300 100 150 200 2500 r 200 750 700 650 700 650 300 120 270 2500 r

2135.981 2148.984 2161.320 2165.09 2174.982 2178.94 2179.410 2181.72 2189.630 2192.268 2195.683 2199.58 2199.75 2200.509 2209.806 2210.268 2214.58 2215.106 2215.65 2218.108 2225.70 2226.780 2227.78 2228.868 2230.08 2238.45 2242.618 2244.26 2247.002 2260.53 2263.08 2263.786 2276.258 2286.645 2293.84 2294.368 2303.12 2369.890 2392.63 2403.337 2406.66 2441.64 2485.792 2492.15 2506.273 2526.593 2544.805 2571.756 2590.529 2600.270 2618.37 2666.291 2689.300 2700.962 2703.184 2713.508 2718.778 2721.677 2737.342 2745.271 2766.37

II II II I II I II I II II II I I II II II I II I II I II I II I I II I II I I II II II I II I II I II I I II I II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

800 200 170 100 1250 r 350 100 600 270 2500 r 100 2000 2000 2500 2500 1400 1500 1250 2000 1400 h 1500 1400 1500 h 10000 r 10000 r 1400 h 400 1500 h 110 250 2500 h 200 1500 150 200 450 300 200 100 1250 h 1250 2000 1400 1400 1000 150 170 100 140 160 280 150 170 140 120 120 150 140 1250 100 600

2769.669 2791.795 2799.528 2810.804 2824.37 2837.368 2857.748 2877.100 2884.196 2961.16 2986.335 2997.36 3010.84 3036.10 3063.41 3073.80 3093.99 3099.93 3108.60 3126.11 3194.10 3208.23 3243.16 3247.54 3273.96 3282.72 3290.418 3290.54 3300.881 3301.229 3307.95 3316.276 3337.84 3338.648 3365.648 3370.454 3374.952 3380.712 3384.945 3483.76 3524.23 3530.38 3599.13 3602.03 3686.555 3786.270 3797.849 3818.879 3826.921 3864.137 3884.131 3892.924 3903.177 3920.654 3933.268 3987.024 3993.302 4003.476 4022.63 4032.647 4043.484

II II II II I II II II II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II II I II I II II II II II II I I I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 2000 120 500 200 300 500 370 400 500 500 320 200 950 300 500 400 100 400 150 150 500 100 120 2000 120 320 300 450 100 400 120 300 100 150 1000 500 200 900 120 700 500 400 350 400 350 200 300 900 400 500 450 350 450 420 350 1500 250 2000 100 100

4043.751 4062.64 4068.106 4131.363 4143.017 4153.623 4161.140 4164.284 4171.851 4179.512 4211.866 4230.449 4255.635 4275.11 4279.962 4292.470 4365.370 4444.831 4506.002 4516.049 4541.032 4555.920 4596.906 4649.271 4651.12 4661.363 4671.702 4673.577 4681.994 4758.433 4812.948 4851.262 4854.988 4873.304 4901.427 4909.734 4918.376 4926.424 4931.698 4943.026 4953.724 4985.506 5006.801 5009.851 5012.620 5021.279 5039.016 5047.348 5051.793 5058.910 5065.459 5067.094 5072.302 5088.277 5093.816 5100.067 5105.54 5124.476 5153.24 5158.093 5183.367

II I II II II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II I II II

5/4/05 8:03:49 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2500 100 100 1650 100 1500 1500 150 100 200 120 400 100 650 100 250 150 150 160 300 600 750 500 550 400 300 470 450 750 700 500 1000 350 900 550 400 120 400 750 400 850 200 750 170 950 750 400 220 400 120 200 750 800 450 100 300 400 320 250 320 270

5218.20 5269.991 5276.525 5292.52 5368.383 5700.24 5782.13 5805.989 5833.515 5897.971 5937.577 5941.196 5993.260 6000.120 6023.264 6072.218 6080.343 6099.990 6107.412 6114.493 6150.384 6154.222 6172.037 6186.884 6188.676 6198.092 6204.261 6208.457 6216.939 6219.844 6261.848 6273.349 6288.696 6301.009 6305.972 6312.492 6326.466 6373.268 6377.840 6403.384 6423.884 6442.965 6448.559 6466.246 6470.168 6481.437 6484.421 6517.317 6530.083 6551.286 6577.080 6624.292 6641.396 6660.962 6770.362 6806.216 6809.647 6823.202 6844.157 6868.791 6872.231

Section 10.indb 21

I II II I II I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

10-21 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

270 220 150 150 200 300 400 300 250 1000 270 500 700 1000 150 450 800 750 1500 1000 350 300 700 1500 400 400 1200 2000 500 800 250 750 200 500 250 200 600 600 200 550 500 550 450 500 450 550 550 650 450

6879.404 6937.553 6952.871 6977.572 7022.860 7194.896 7326.008 7331.694 7382.277 7404.354 7434.156 7562.015 7652.333 7664.648 7681.788 7744.097 7778.738 7805.184 7807.659 7825.654 7860.577 7890.567 7902.553 7933.13 7944.438 7972.033 7988.163 8092.63 8277.560 8283.160 8503.396 8511.061 8609.134 9813.213 9827.978 9830.798 9861.280 9864.137 9883.969 9916.419 9917.954 9925.594 9938.998 9960.354 10006.588 10022.969 10038.093 10054.938 10080.354

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Dysprosium Dy Z = 66 260 2356.91 240 2410.01 260 2439.84 220 2585.30 440 2634.80 220 2755.75 300 2816.39 390 2913.95 610 3038.28 830 3135.38 500 3141.14

II II II I II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1200 670 1000 470 830 490 490 1200 890 490 1100 780 1000 780 510 510 5300 610 3800 1300 5300 1300 530 780 530 1900 560 1300 3800 830 2700 1300 4400 720 560 560 d 1300 4400 560 830 830 830 1300 560 4400 22000 4400 5500 4400 1700 1400 4400 2200 440 h 440 2200 560 780 1400 4400 1700

3156.52 3162.83 3169.99 3215.19 3216.63 3235.89 3245.12 3251.27 3280.09 3282.77 3308.88 3316.32 3319.88 3341.00 3353.58 3368.11 3385.02 3388.85 3393.57 3396.16 3407.80 3413.78 3414.82 3419.63 3425.06 3434.37 3440.93 3441.45 3445.57 3446.99 3454.32 3456.56 3460.97 3468.43 3471.14 3471.53 3477.07 3494.49 3496.34 3498.71 3504.53 3505.45 3506.81 3517.26 3523.98 3531.70 3534.96 3536.02 3538.52 3542.33 3546.83 3550.22 3551.62 3558.23 3559.30 3563.15 3563.69 3573.83 3574.15 3576.24 3576.87

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

830 440 3300 1400 560 1100 560 560 1800 560 1800 440 560 470 1100 4000 440 1100 11000 1000 700 990 420 1400 2200 640 820 1300 4700 990 540 440 440 420 1600 930 1200 1400 1400 1200 4700 640 640 420 3300 1600 700 510 580 470 470 1400 700 2300 1400 420 420 1200 420 560 1600

3577.98 3580.04 3585.06 3585.78 3586.11 3591.41 3591.81 3592.11 3595.04 3600.38 3606.12 3618.51 3620.16 3624.27 3629.42 3630.24 3632.78 3640.25 3645.40 3648.78 3664.62 3672.30 3672.70 3674.08 3676.59 3678.51 3684.85 3685.78 3694.81 3698.21 3701.63 3707.57 3708.22 3710.07 3724.45 3739.34 3747.82 3753.51 3753.75 3757.05 3757.37 3767.63 3773.05 3781.47 3786.18 3788.44 3791.87 3804.14 3806.27 3812.27 3813.67 3816.76 3825.68 3836.50 3841.31 3846.34 3847.02 3853.03 3858.40 3868.45 3868.81

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I II II II II II II II I II II II I II I I I II II II II II I II II II II II II I II I II I

5/4/05 8:03:51 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-22 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

820 7000 1200 470 5800 540 540 540 d 420 540 2100 10000 800 14000 2700 1400 1600 800 540 1600 8000 420 540 540 540 420 520 d 520 420 420 12000 1600 520 2500 7400 3900 860 1500 490 990 1200 990 5700 930 12000 2200 6800 800 680 680 16000 1800 3700 4400 4400 2700 1000 540 740 420 2100

3869.86 3872.11 3873.99 3879.11 3898.53 3914.87 3915.59 3917.29 3927.86 3930.14 3931.52 3944.68 3957.79 3968.39 3978.57 3981.92 3983.65 3984.21 3991.32 3996.69 4000.45 4005.84 4011.29 4013.82 4014.70 4027.78 4028.32 4032.47 4033.65 4036.32 4045.97 4050.56 4055.14 4073.12 4077.96 4103.30 4103.87 4111.34 4124.63 4129.42 4143.10 4146.06 4167.97 4183.72 4186.82 4191.64 4194.84 4198.02 4201.30 4202.24 4211.72 4213.18 4215.16 4218.09 4221.11 4225.16 4308.63 4409.38 4449.70 4577.78 4589.36

Section 10.indb 22

II II II II II II II I I I II II II II II II II II II II II I II I II II II II II II I II II II II II I II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

990 170 120 h 480 70 160 95 120 80 80 130 h 190 110 80 290 95 70 130 65 55 160 65 85 80 70 95 65 100 55 h 80 70 h 55 55 h 70 120 140 140 100 270 160 75 180 80 65 55 55 80 100

4612.26 4731.84 4775.79 4957.34 5022.12 5042.63 5070.68 5077.67 5090.38 5110.32 5120.04 5139.60 5169.69 5185.30 5192.86 5197.66 5259.88 5260.56 5267.11 5282.07 5301.58 5340.30 5389.58 5419.13 5423.32 5451.11 5547.27 5639.50 5645.99 5652.01 5718.46 5745.53 5868.11 5945.80 5974.49 5988.56 6088.26 6168.43 6259.09 6579.37 6667.86 6835.42 6852.96 6899.32 7426.86 7543.73 7662.36 8201.57

I II I II I I I I II I I II II I II II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I II II I I II

45

8791.39

II

Erbium Er Z = 68 600 2277.65 290 2586.73 490 2670.26 500 2739.27 610 2755.63 1000 2904.47 1500 2910.36 1500 2964.52 1200 3002.41 1000 3055.10

III II II III II II II II II III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 610 720 610 770 1500 870 870 610 2300 2700 720 720 2000 2300 770 770 1300 1400 1400 d 7700 970 1700 2300 770 970 610 970 6700 610 610 820 1500 1000 920 1000 610 610 1000 3100 720 1000 1600 900 7900 1300 900 900 1800 1600 4000 3600 680 7500 1500 1200 4200 5200 11000 3200 2100

3070.40 3073.34 3082.08 3084.02 3122.72 3166.25 3181.92 3220.73 3223.31 3230.58 3264.78 3279.33 3280.22 3301.23 3312.42 3323.19 3332.70 3346.04 3364.08 3368.02 3372.71 3374.17 3385.08 3392.00 3441.13 3471.71 3479.41 3485.85 3499.10 3502.78 3524.91 3549.84 3558.02 3559.90 3570.75 3580.52 3590.76 3599.50 3599.83 3616.56 3628.04 3633.54 3638.68 3645.94 3692.65 3729.52 3742.64 3747.43 3786.84 3810.33 3816.78 3830.48 3855.90 3862.85 3880.61 3882.89 3892.68 3896.23 3906.31 3937.01 3938.63

III II II II II III II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II I II II II I II II II I II I II II II II I II I III II I I II II I II II I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

3200 2700 3200 1400 810 1100 810 14000 1100 3000 1000 940 690 3500 1100 6900 1000 1400 690 40000 20000 810 1000 570 15000 2000 250 200 210 120 130 120 130 170 130 160 150 140 80 90 60 180 90 80 80 60 70 80 90 70 70 100 290 70 70 430 100 120 140 120 8000

3944.42 3973.04 3973.58 3974.72 3977.02 3982.33 3987.66 4007.96 4012.58 4020.51 4046.96 4055.47 4059.78 4087.63 4098.10 4151.11 4190.70 4218.43 4286.56 4290.06 4386.86 4409.34 4606.61 4675.62 4735.56 4783.12 5007.25 5035.94 5042.05 5124.56 5127.41 5131.53 5133.83 5164.77 5172.78 5188.90 5206.52 5255.93 5272.91 5348.06 5414.63 5456.62 5468.32 5485.97 5593.46 5611.82 5622.01 5626.53 5640.36 5664.95 5719.55 5739.19 5762.80 5784.66 5800.79 5826.79 5850.07 5855.31 5872.35 5881.14 5903.30

I I I II I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I III III I I II III III I I II I II I II II I II I II I I II I I II I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I III

5/4/05 8:03:57 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

70 70 60 360 55 60 130 55 55 60 70 70 35 70 55 55 120 35 35 35 30 35 55 9

6022.56 6061.25 6076.45 6221.02 6262.56 6268.87 6308.77 6326.13 6492.35 6583.48 6601.11 6759.87 6790.92 6848.10 6865.13 7459.55 7469.51 7680.01 7797.47 7921.85 7937.84 8312.82 8409.90 8866.84

I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

Europium Eu Z = 63 30 2124.69 200 2350.51 4000 2375.46 100 d 2435.14 1000 2444.38 4000 2445.99 2000 2513.76 200 2522.14 160 2564.17 110 2568.17 230 2577.14 1000 2638.77 380 2641.27 640 2668.34 110 2673.42 250 2678.29 250 2685.66 550 2692.03 700 2701.14 800 2701.90 240 2705.28 180 2709.99 700 2716.98 4200 2727.78 160 2740.62 120 2744.26 480 2781.89 1900 2802.84 220 2811.75 3400 2813.94 550 2816.18 2000 2820.78 400 cw 2828.72 260 2859.67 280 2862.57 200 2892.54

III III III III III III III III II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II I

Section 10.indb 23

10-23 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

140 360 3200 160 850 200 cw 260 300 100 c 200 c 320 cw 120 220 120 320 950 120 50 c 50 c 420 1000 420 150 210 150 140 140 950 110 140 190 280 150 150 130 470 cw 150 180 150 6400 20000 cw 350 260 39000 cw 140 190 150 28000 cw 32000 cw 30000 cw 180 150 120 120 33000 cw 60000 cw 150 240 14000 cw 3000 11000

2893.03 2893.83 2906.68 2908.99 2925.04 2952.68 2960.21 2991.33 3023.93 3026.79 3054.94 3058.98 3077.36 3097.45 3106.18 3111.43 3130.73 3171.00 3183.78 3210.57 3212.81 3213.75 3272.77 3277.78 3301.95 3308.02 3313.33 3334.33 3350.40 3369.06 3391.99 3396.58 3425.02 3441.00 3461.38 3521.09 3542.15 3552.52 3603.20 3688.42 3724.94 3741.31 3761.12 3819.67 3844.23 3865.57 3884.75 3907.10 3930.48 3971.96 4011.69 4017.58 4039.19 4085.38 4129.70 4205.05 4298.73 4355.09 4435.56 4522.57 4594.03

I I II I II II II II III III II I II II I I II III III I I I II II II II II I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II II II II I II II II I II II II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

9800 8300 110 150 180 180 170 110 170 170 210 270 210 200 110 120 750 300 120 200 390 110 150 120 120 540 120 110 120 450 380 260 120 120 200 150 200 120 210 330 180 170 600 cw 330 480 cw 170 240 110 420 170 420 140 240 240 120 330 110 260 cw 140 240 170

4627.22 4661.88 4867.62 4907.18 4911.40 5013.17 5022.91 5029.54 5114.37 5129.10 5133.52 5160.07 5166.70 5199.85 5200.96 5206.44 5215.10 5223.49 5239.24 5266.40 5271.96 5272.48 5282.82 5291.26 5294.64 5357.61 5361.61 5376.94 5392.94 5402.77 5451.51 5452.94 5488.65 5510.52 5547.44 5570.33 5577.14 5580.03 5645.80 5765.20 5783.69 5818.74 5830.98 5966.07 5967.10 5972.75 5992.83 6012.56 6018.15 6029.00 6049.51 6057.36 6083.84 6099.35 6118.78 6173.05 6178.76 6188.13 6195.07 6262.25 6299.77

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I II I I I I II I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

230 120 cw 120 cw 180 140 830 120 1400 50 140 360 120 330 570 570 540 720 300 160 60 cw 70 35 24 cw 21 cw 18

6303.41 6350.04 6400.93 6410.04 6411.32 6437.64 6457.96 6645.11 6666.35 6802.72 6864.54 7040.20 7077.10 7194.81 7217.55 7301.17 7370.22 7426.57 7583.91 7742.57 7746.19 7887.99 8209.80 8642.67 8870.30

Fluorine F Z = 9 50 148.00 50 163.56 90 165.98 100 166.18 50 186.84 60 190.57 70 190.84 50 196.39 60 196.45 70 200.09 80 201.16 90 208.25 90 240.08 100 251.03 140 419.65 150 420.05 160 420.73 100 429.51 110 430.15 150 430.76 90 464.29 120 465.98 130 490.57 160 491.00 50 497.38 60 497.83 70 498.80 90 506.16 100 508.08 120 508.39 60 514.08 90 525.29 100 526.30 120 567.69 110 567.75

II I I I I II I II III I I I II II II II II II I I I I I I I V V V V V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III III IV III V IV IV IV IV IV V V III V V V III III

5/4/05 8:04:00 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-24 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

140 140 150 160 90 100 90 100 110 130 120 130 110 140 140 140 130 150 130 160 60 150 125 500 1000 750 500 20 350 100 40 100 60 70 80 80 90 70 70 110 120 110 140 130 110 100 110 100 100 100 100 130 140 100 120 150 110 140 160 110 170

570.64 571.30 571.39 572.66 605.67 606.80 630.20 647.77 647.87 654.03 656.12 656.87 657.23 657.33 658.33 676.12 677.15 677.22 678.99 679.21 757.04 806.96 809.60 951.87 954.83 955.55 958.52 972.40 973.90 976.22 976.51 977.75 1082.31 1088.39 1219.03 1266.87 1267.71 1297.54 1359.92 1498.93 1502.01 1504.18 1504.79 1506.30 1506.77 1553.02 1557.59 1563.73 1565.54 1623.40 1650.76 1670.39 1677.40 1716.99 1770.09 1770.67 1772.93 1773.36 1791.65 1803.03 1805.90

Section 10.indb 24

IV IV IV IV II II III V V V III III V V III IV IV IV IV IV V I I I I I I I I I I I V V III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 120 110 100 120 120 50 40 120 50 130 130 120 150 120 120 130 120 130 140 130 140 120 130 160 120 160 40 50 140 150 150 120 140 150 120 140 160 140 140 120 h 130 120 130 120 160 150 140 160 180 140 140 140 180 170 120 200 200 200 6 12

1839.30 1839.97 1840.14 2027.44 2030.32 2217.17 2298.29 2451.58 2452.07 2456.92 2464.85 2470.29 2478.73 2484.37 2542.77 2580.04 2583.81 2593.23 2595.53 2599.28 2625.01 2629.70 2656.44 2755.55 2759.63 2788.15 2811.45 2820.74 2826.13 2833.99 2835.63 2860.33 2862.86 2887.58 2889.45 2905.30 2913.29 2916.34 2932.49 2994.28 2997.21 2997.53 2999.47 3039.25 3039.75 3042.80 3049.14 3113.62 3115.70 3121.54 3124.79 3134.23 3146.99 3174.17 3174.76 3214.00 3501.45 3501.57 3502.96 3594.10 3668.17

III III III III III III IV IV III IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II II II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

270 260 250 5 8 5 5 240 220 230 200 200 200 140 h 120 h 120 h 140 h 6 150 160 15 12 18 12 10 20 12 15 40 90 18 25 25 140 120 12 25 70 50 150 80 900 100 150 140 800 400 130 13000 10000 140 8000 450 300 400 1800 400 7000 1500 9000 50000

3847.09 3849.99 3851.67 3898.48 3930.69 3934.26 3948.56 4024.73 4025.01 4025.49 4103.51 4246.23 4299.17 4420.30 4427.35 4432.32 4479.99 4960.65 5012.54 5110.99 5230.41 5279.01 5540.52 5552.43 5577.33 5624.06 5626.93 5659.15 5667.53 5671.67 5689.14 5700.82 5707.31 5753.17 5761.20 5950.15 5959.19 5965.28 5994.43 6015.83 6038.04 6047.54 6080.11 6091.82 6125.50 6149.76 6210.87 6233.57 6239.65 6348.51 6363.05 6413.65 6569.69 6580.39 6650.41 6690.48 6708.28 6773.98 6795.53 6834.26 6856.03

II II II I I I I II II II II II II III III III III I III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I III III I I I I I I I I III III I I III I I III I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

8000 15000 6000 4000 45000 30000 15000 1000 15000 700 5000 120 130 10000 4000 2200 2500 900 5000 5000 7000 18000 15000 300 500 350 300 80 1000 900 350 350 600 300 600 300 350 2500 3000 500 1500 2000 600 900 1000 300 350 400 350 200 25 12 25 15 12 80 h 15 20

6870.22 6902.48 6909.82 6966.35 7037.47 7127.89 7202.36 7309.03 7311.02 7314.30 7331.96 7336.77 7354.94 7398.69 7425.65 7482.72 7489.16 7514.92 7552.24 7573.38 7607.17 7754.70 7800.21 7879.18 7898.59 7936.31 7956.32 8016.01 8040.93 8075.52 8077.52 8126.56 8129.26 8159.51 8179.34 8191.24 8208.63 8214.73 8230.77 8232.19 8274.62 8298.58 8302.40 8807.58 8900.92 8912.78 9025.49 9042.10 9178.68 9433.67 9505.30 9662.04 9734.34 9822.11 9902.65 10047.98 10285.45 10862.31

Francium Fr Z = 87 7177.

I I I I I I I I I I I III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I

5/4/05 8:04:03 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

Gadolinium Gd Z = 64 1200 1007.24 1200 1063.84 1600 1476.98 1500 1705.03 1600 1706.01 2000 1736.24 1500 1815.32 2200 1975.24 3400 2018.07 2800 2359.31 1400 2397.87 2800 2697.39 2800 2703.28 2700 2727.89 9000 2904.73 9500 2955.53 1200 2999.04 2100 3010.13 1900 3027.60 2100 3032.84 1600 3034.05 2100 3081.99 3500 3100.50 930 3145.00 980 3156.53 980 3161.37 4000 3176.66 1400 3331.38 1100 3336.18 5400 3350.47 4300 3358.62 5400 3362.23 1100 3392.53 1100 d 3407.56 6900 3422.47 1700 3439.21 2700 3439.99 1400 3450.38 1100 3451.23 2700 3463.98 1700 3467.27 1700 3468.99 1400 3473.22 2200 3481.28 1700 3481.80 1700 3494.40 1400 3505.51 1100 3512.50 4300 3545.80 3900 3549.36 1400 3557.05 5400 3584.96 1100 3592.71 1100 3604.87 6100 3646.19 3900 3654.62 3100 3656.15 1400 3662.26 2700 3664.60 2000 3671.20

Section 10.indb 25

IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III III III IV III III III III III II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II

10-25 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2000 3100 2000 1300 2700 2000 1400 2000 1800 d 1500 4500 1400 8700 1400 2900 5100 3700 3300 5100 4300 1600 1500 2200 1200 1400 1200 1100 1100 1400 1600 1300 2200 2600 2600 1900 1300 2800 1500 1100 2600 2200 1100 2400 2400 2200 1300 4800 1700

3684.13 3687.74 3697.73 3699.73 3712.70 3713.57 3716.36 3717.48 3719.45 3730.84 3743.47 3758.31 3768.39 3770.69 3783.05 3796.37 3813.97 3850.69 3850.97 3852.45 3866.99 3894.70 3916.51 3934.79 3945.54 3957.67 4023.14 4028.15 4037.33 4045.01 4049.43 4049.86 4053.64 4058.22 4063.39 4078.44 4078.70 4085.56 4092.71 4098.61 4130.37 4132.28 4175.54 4184.25 4190.78 4212.00 4225.85 4251.73

I II II II II I II I II II II II II II I II II II II II I II II I I II I I II I II II I I II II I II I II II II I II I II I II

1600 1100 1800 2600 d 1900 1000 2200 1400 1400 1100 1100 910 520

4262.09 4306.34 4313.84 4325.57 4327.12 4344.30 4346.46 4401.86 4422.41 4430.63 4519.66 4537.81 4614.50

I I I II I II I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

700 410 470 300 320 280 750 75 5000 130 910 180 120 860 190 410 280 130 320 120 140 280 280 220 280 130 280 110 170 300 200 300 240 3000 150 4000 3000 190 110 260 3000 390 120 240 220 280 110 170 85 85 65 110 h 430 75 40 40 40 h 55 50 35 85

4694.33 4743.65 4767.24 4784.62 4821.69 4934.12 5015.04 5039.09 5091.70 5098.38 5103.45 5108.91 5125.56 5155.84 5176.28 5197.77 5219.40 5233.93 5251.18 5252.14 5255.80 5283.08 5301.67 5302.76 5307.30 5321.50 5321.78 5327.32 5333.30 5343.00 5348.67 5350.38 5353.26 5365.96 5370.63 5553.30 5587.88 5617.91 5632.25 5643.24 5658.98 5696.22 5733.86 5791.38 5851.63 5856.22 5904.56 5911.45 5930.29 5936.84 5937.71 5988.02 6114.07 6305.15 6331.35 6380.95 6538.15 6564.78 6634.36 6681.23 6730.73

I I I I I I I I III II I II II I II I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I III I III III I I I III I II I I I I II I I I I I II I II I I II II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

50 26 100 100 50 75 60 45 35 170 28 28 35 40 55 80 35 35 25 18 21 21 h 14 h 18 h 5000

6752.67 6786.33 6828.25 6916.57 6985.89 6991.92 6996.76 7006.16 7122.57 7168.37 7189.57 7262.66 7441.85 7464.36 7562.97 7733.50 7846.35 7856.93 7930.25 8146.15 8668.63 8832.06 8849.14 8867.31 14332.88

II II I I II I II II I I II I I I I I II I II I I II I I III

Gallium Ga 14 61 30 30 30 41 30 30 30 30 40 40 50 30 40 40 40 30 30 25 16 50 40 90 90 50 20 40 40 90 90 120 80 90 80

Z = 31 294.53 295.67 298.44 300.01 302.86 304.99 307.03 308.26 311.79 313.68 319.41 322.31 322.99 323.10 324.25 324.95 326.14 326.77 328.65 423.18 439.92 620.00 622.01 806.51 817.30 828.70 878.17 973.21 989.75 1014.47 1019.71 1050.48 1054.56 1058.12 1066.69

IV IV V V V IV V V V V V V V V V V V V V IV IV III III III III III V V V V V V V V V

5/4/05 8:04:05 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-26 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

60 80 90 110 60 80 250 80 90 100 80 160 140 60 75 70 80 120 130 120 100 130 67 130 90 70 120 35 70 25 75 48 40 68 40 73 73 75 69 72 80 63 50 60 60 75 83 81 82 90 81 15 80 80 60 82 83 82 80 80 60

1069.60 1073.77 1078.83 1079.60 1080.99 1085.00 1085.01 1087.37 1091.71 1094.36 1095.10 1102.83 1103.03 1105.61 1105.62 1106.17 1118.34 1126.40 1128.10 1128.53 1129.94 1136.07 1137.06 1150.23 1150.27 1156.10 1156.51 1157.74 1163.60 1169.40 1170.58 1171.71 1178.95 1185.23 1186.06 1190.89 1193.02 1195.02 1201.54 1206.89 1213.17 1216.15 1228.03 1236.38 1238.59 1245.53 1258.77 1264.66 1267.15 1267.16 1279.24 1283.64 1285.33 1293.46 1295.36 1295.86 1299.46 1303.53 1309.68 1314.82 1323.15

Section 10.indb 26

V V V V V III V V V V V V V III V V V V V V V V IV V III IV V V IV V IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III IV V IV III III IV IV IV IV IV III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

85 77 76 70 74 60 77 70 73 90 50 10 15 20 90 90 15 10 10 20 15 50 80 100 10 10 10 10 15 10 h 10 40 100 150 100 150 10 20 15 10 2000 1000 10 h 20 h 30 h 10 h 50 h 100 h 15 h 20 h 100 h 200 h 200 h 200 h 300 h 100 h 400 200 60 60 70

1338.09 1347.03 1351.06 1353.92 1364.63 1395.54 1402.55 1405.32 1465.87 1495.07 1534.46 1813.98 1845.30 2091.34 2417.70 2423.98 2424.36 2632.66 2665.05 2700.47 2780.15 3521.77 3581.19 3589.34 3731.10 3806.60 4032.99 4172.04 4251.16 4254.04 4255.77 4262.00 4380.69 4381.76 4863.00 4993.78 5808.28 5848.25 5993.51 6334.2 6396.56 6413.44 7251.4 7403.0 7464.0 7620.5 7734.77 7800.01 8002.55 8074.25 8311.86 8386.49 9492.92 9493.12 9589.36 10905.95 11949.12 12109.78 14996.64 22016.81 22568.71

Intensity IV IV IV III IV IV IV IV IV III III II II II III III III I I II II III III III III III I I II II II II III III III III III III III II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Wavelength/Å

Germanium Ge Z = 32 700 294.51 1000 295.64 200 304.98 20 621.52 50 724.21 60 746.88 60 760.05 10 862.234 15 875.493 15 905.977 20 920.554 300 971.35 300 990.66 50 999.101 300 1004.38 100 1016.638 900 1045.71 700 1072.66 100 1075.072 300 1085.51 40 1088.45 800 1089.49 200 1098.71 500 1106.74 1000 1116.94 500 1120.46 700 1163.39 200 1164.27 500 1181.19 500 1181.65 200 1188.73 20 1188.99 300 1191.26 700 1222.30 20 1229.81 500 1237.059 500 1261.905 100 1264.710 200 1401.24 200 1538.091 500 1576.855 75 1581.070 100 1602.486 3r 1615.57 2r 1624.130 2r 1630.173 3r 1636.31 4r 1639.730 2 1647.531 200 1649.194 2 1651.528 4r 1651.955 3 1661.345 4r 1663.539 10 h 1665.275 4 1667.802 3r 1670.608 100 r 1691.090 200 r 1716.784 100 h 1739.102

V V V V V V V II II II II V V II V II V V II II III V II II V II V II II II II IV II V IV II II II II II II II II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 50 200 100 100 h 100 h 50 h 200 200 100 h 75 h 200 h 200 h 100 h 100 h 100 h 200 500 r 100 300 r 100 500 r 50 h 30 300 r 100 h 500 r 10 h 100 r 500 100 r 500 30 s 200 200 500 30 h 30 200 200 300 h 300 500 r 200 1700 2400 r 1600 r 420 220 h 750 r 2600 r 420 2000 r 25 240 95 h 50 h 340 r 15 18 18

1742.195 1746.065 1750.043 1758.279 1764.185 1765.284 1766.433 1774.176 1785.046 1793.071 1801.432 1841.328 1842.410 1844.410 1845.872 1846.958 1853.134 1860.086 1865.052 1874.256 1895.197 1904.702 1908.434 1912.409 1917.592 1923.467 1929.826 1934.048 1937.483 1938.008 1938.300 1938.891 1944.116 1944.731 1955.115 1962.013 1963.373 1965.383 1970.880 1979.274 1987.849 1988.267 1998.887 2011.29 2019.068 2041.712 2043.770 2054.461 2057.238 2065.215 2068.656 2086.021 2094.258 2104.45 2105.824 2124.744 2186.451 2198.714 2220.375 2256.001 2314.201

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:04:09 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

24 15 20 10 15 130 30 30 90 500 70 20 3 28 500 8 1200 500 500 850 400 40 650 70 80 1000 1000 750 600 20 35 40 110 40 300 60 50 200 70 200 150 10 1000 1000 50 100 200 3 6 6 8 8 6 7 6 5 9 6 5 6 9

2327.918 2359.233 2379.144 2389.472 2397.885 2417.367 2436.412 2488.25 2497.962 2500.54 2533.230 2542.44 2556.298 2589.188 2592.534 2644.184 2651.172 2651.568 2691.341 2709.624 2729.78 2740.426 2754.588 2793.925 2829.008 2831.843 2845.527 3039.067 3067.021 3124.816 3211.86 3255.05 3269.489 3434.03 3499.21 3554.19 3676.65 4178.96 4226.562 4260.85 4291.71 4685.829 4741.806 4814.608 4824.097 5131.752 5178.648 5194.583 5265.892 5513.263 5564.741 5607.010 5616.135 5621.426 5664.226 5664.842 5691.954 5701.776 5717.877 5801.029 5802.093

Section 10.indb 27

I I I I I I I IV I II I IV I I I I I I I I II I I I I II II I I I III III I III II IV IV III I III III I II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-27 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 500 75 100 100 6 50 30 5 7 10 10 6 10 10 9 5 5 6 20 20 4 7 5 4 10 10 8 8 10 230 600 1300 1050 235 470 150 135 70 62 28

5893.389 6021.041 6283.452 6336.377 6484.181 6557.488 7049.369 7145.390 7353.334 7384.208 7833.575 8031.039 8044.165 8256.013 8482.21 8700.60 9068.785 9095.957 9398.868 9474.993 9475.645 9492.559 9625.664 10039.436 10200.952 10382.427 10404.913 10734.068 10947.416 11125.130 11252.83 11714.76 12069.20 12391.58 13107.61 14822.38 16759.79 17214.34 18811.86 19279.24 20673.64

Gold Au Z = 79 100 843.44 100 845.14 200 945.10 100 1040.63 80 1044.49 80 1046.81 100 h 1239.96 100 1278.51 100 1314.84 100 h 1328.37 200 1336.72 180 1341.68 100 1348.89 150 1350.32 150 1355.61 150 1356.13 50 1363.98 500 1365.40 200 1367.17

II II II II II I II II I I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III III III III III III III III III I III III III III III III I III III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

60 70 50 180 150 150 125 200 80 50 300 100 180 60 180 50 100 70 100 225 250 100 100 125 150 300 80 250 275 50 250 300 200 150 250 250 100 150 100 150 100 300 250 200 250 200 200 100 100 200 200 200 150 200 200 150 70 200 250 100 500

1368.62 1374.82 1375.76 1377.73 1378.69 1379.98 1380.53 1381.36 1382.75 1385.33 1385.79 1389.41 1391.46 1392.27 1396.00 1402.12 1402.91 1407.38 1408.45 1409.50 1413.80 1414.27 1417.09 1417.39 1427.42 1428.93 1429.19 1430.06 1433.37 1435.79 1435.81 1439.12 1441.21 1446.37 1448.42 1454.95 1464.72 1471.28 1474.73 1481.10 1481.76 1487.15 1487.91 1489.47 1500.37 1502.47 1503.74 1542.00 1548.50 1567.54 1574.85 1579.44 1584.10 1587.16 1589.56 1593.41 1598.24 1600.51 1617.16 1617.78 1621.93

I I I III III III III III I I III III III I III I III I I III III III III III III III I III III I III III III III III III III III III III I III III III III III III III III III III III III I III III I III III III III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 300 d 250 50 100 150 250 250 100 100 125 1000 150 200 200 200 200 100 250 200 100 300 500 100 d 300 150 500 500 500 300 100 800 200 100 60 300 150 500 200 400 100 400 400 150 500 150 100 150 100 100 200 100 400 150 11000 2600 150 300 60 100 80

1624.34 1629.13 1638.88 1639.90 1644.17 1646.67 1652.74 1664.77 1665.76 1668.11 1673.93 1693.94 1697.09 1698.98 1699.34 1700.00 1702.25 1707.53 1710.16 1715.69 1716.71 1717.83 1727.31 1733.17 1738.48 1744.39 1746.10 1756.92 1761.95 1767.42 1774.42 1775.17 1776.40 1780.57 1783.22 1786.11 1792.65 1793.76 1801.98 1805.24 1809.81 1821.17 1844.89 1848.83 1861.80 1871.92 1879.83 1918.28 1932.04 1935.42 1948.79 1958.47 1989.63 1996.85 2012.00 2021.38 2082.09 2083.09 2110.68 2159.08 2167.33

I III III I III I III III I III III III III III I III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II III III III III III III III III III III III I III III III III III III III I I II III II III III

5/4/05 8:04:12 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-28 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 100 500 70 80 300 180 100 120 150 150 2600 60 250 3400 1100 100 1000 300 100 100 h 300 100 100 300 300 100 100 300 300 100 100 h 300 320 300 100 1600 100 100 300 300 300 100 100 100 100 h 100 100 300 300 100 100 h 300 100 h 100 100 100 100 100 h 400 300

2172.20 2184.11 2188.97 2248.56 2263.62 2322.27 2352.65 2382.40 2387.75 2402.71 2405.12 2427.95 2533.52 2641.48 2675.95 2748.25 2780.82 2802.04 2819.79 2822.55 2825.44 2837.85 2846.92 2856.74 2883.45 2891.96 2893.25 2907.04 2913.52 2918.24 2954.22 2990.27 2994.80 3029.20 3065.42 3122.50 3122.78 3194.72 3227.99 3230.63 3308.30 3309.64 3309.86 3320.12 3355.15 3391.31 3395.40 3467.21 3557.36 3586.73 3611.57 3631.31 3637.90 3645.02 3650.74 3709.62 3796.01 3874.73 3892.26 3897.86 3909.38

Section 10.indb 28

III III III II II III I III I III III I II I I I I II II II II II II II I I II II II II II II II I I II I I III I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 400 700 100 100 200 120 h 250 900 h 100 h 500 100 100 300 100 h 100 100 h 300 100 h 300 h 600 100 600 10 10

3927.69 4040.93 4065.07 4084.10 4241.80 4315.11 4437.27 4488.25 4607.51 4620.56 4792.58 4811.60 5147.44 5230.26 5261.76 5655.77 5721.36 5837.37 5862.93 5956.96 6278.17 6562.68 7510.73 8145.06 9254.28

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Hafnium Hf 220 180 200 200 400 600 200 270 180 180 180 180 180 270 245 180 180 160 160 160 270 200 160 160 160 440 270 160 370 370 270 270 160 220 370

Z = 72 545.41 600.00 618.27 644.54 647.39 665.65 673.49 867.25 875.88 885.58 896.14 901.54 919.10 921.67 951.62 960.12 964.74 971.51 1092.76 1201.76 1232.03 1233.59 1237.42 1239.53 1244.46 1396.66 1400.09 1401.70 1407.17 1408.38 1412.28 1413.51 1421.96 1422.53 1433.43

V V IV IV IV IV IV V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

370 500 370 270 100 270 550 750 750 440 1000 1000 500 370 270 6200 8500 300 1200 200 h 200 h 200 200 200 540 200 320 160 250 620 200 h 230 580 300 300 200 300 200 230 320 540 250 250 170 450 670 540 370 320 390 450 400 430 210 2000 290 580 580 1000 890 340

1437.27 1437.73 1445.40 1457.91 1717.21 1719.32 1729.08 1731.83 1733.96 1741.74 1749.11 1750.19 1760.89 1765.62 1774.02 2012.78 2028.18 2070.94 2096.18 2099.30 2110.31 2155.66 2183.50 2195.44 2210.82 2234.59 2254.01 2255.15 2266.83 2277.16 2313.44 2321.14 2322.47 2323.25 2324.89 2332.97 2336.47 2337.33 2343.32 2347.44 2351.22 2380.30 2383.540 2393.18 2393.36 2393.83 2405.42 2410.14 2417.69 2447.25 2460.49 2461.74 2464.19 2469.18 2495.16 2496.99 2512.69 2513.03 2515.16 2516.88 2531.19

V V V V IV V V V V V V V V V V II II III II III III III III III II III II II II II III II II II II II III II II II II II III II II II II II II II II III II II III II II II III II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 320 400 h 250 300 h 890 320 320 300 320 390 450 230 450 160 1100 1100 160 670 160 210 290 200 670 210 250 710 200 360 500 450 160 170 980 180 390 230 230 170 230 200 1200 490 180 410 270 270 180 180 760 760 2100 210 800 1800 1200 890 2000 580 320 180

2537.33 2551.40 2560.74 2563.61 2567.46 2571.67 2573.90 2576.82 2578.14 2582.54 2606.37 2607.03 2613.60 2622.74 2637.00 2638.71 2641.41 2642.75 2647.29 2657.84 2661.88 2683.35 2687.22 2705.61 2712.42 2718.59 2738.76 2743.64 2751.81 2753.60 2761.63 2766.96 2773.02 2773.36 2774.02 2779.37 2808.00 2813.86 2814.48 2817.68 2819.74 2820.22 2822.68 2833.28 2845.83 2849.21 2850.96 2851.21 2860.56 2861.01 2861.70 2866.37 2887.14 2889.62 2898.26 2904.41 2904.75 2916.48 2918.58 2919.59 2924.62

II II III II III II II II II II II II II II I II II I II II II II III I II I II I II III I I I II II I II II II I I II II I I II I II I II II I I I I I I I I II I

5/4/05 8:04:15 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

490 450 710 2000 160 1200 1100 540 1400 620 710 890 1100 210 170 800 1100 540 1100 980 1200 410 710 1100 850 2100 170 250 430 200 340 710 710 850 170 220 220 450 270 710 450 890 450 220 360 670 200 310 180 180 180 360 220 890 270 180 200 h 270 160 210 340

2929.63 2929.90 2937.80 2940.77 2944.71 2950.68 2954.20 2958.02 2964.88 2966.93 2968.81 2975.88 2980.81 2982.72 3000.10 3005.56 3012.90 3016.78 3016.94 3018.31 3020.53 3031.16 3050.76 3057.02 3067.41 3072.88 3074.10 3074.79 3080.84 3096.76 3101.40 3109.12 3131.81 3134.72 3139.65 3145.32 3148.41 3156.63 3159.82 3162.61 3168.39 3172.94 3176.86 3181.01 3193.53 3194.19 3196.93 3206.11 3210.98 3217.30 3220.61 3247.66 3249.53 3253.70 3255.28 3273.66 3279.67 3279.98 3291.05 3306.12 3310.27

Section 10.indb 29

II I II I I I I I I I II II I I II I II I II I I II I I I I I I I I II II I II II II I I I II I I II I II II I I I II II I I II II II III II I I I

10-29 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

670 180 890 370 230 180 180 230 170 800 230 230 230 230 2300 170 180 230 230 410 200 250 710 200 480 250 250 980 1200 980 980 760 180 540 1300 270 1100 210 540 800 320 800 320 200 220 200 480 2200 280 240 340 1000 650 160 460 160 400 170 200 1400 1400

3312.86 3317.99 3332.73 3352.06 3358.91 3360.06 3378.93 3384.70 3386.21 3389.83 3392.81 3394.59 3397.26 3397.60 3399.80 3400.21 3402.51 3410.17 3417.34 3419.18 3428.37 3438.24 3472.40 3478.99 3479.28 3495.75 3497.16 3497.49 3505.23 3523.02 3535.54 3536.62 3548.81 3552.70 3561.66 3567.36 3569.04 3597.42 3599.87 3616.89 3630.87 3644.36 3649.10 3651.84 3665.35 3672.27 3675.74 3682.24 3696.51 3699.72 3701.15 3717.80 3719.28 3729.10 3733.79 3737.88 3746.80 3766.92 3768.25 3777.64 3785.46

I II I II I I I II I II I II I I II I I II I I II II I II II II I I II I II I I II II I II II I I II II I I II I I I I II II I II I I II I II I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

650 850 d 320 1300 280 800 600 230 200 160 380 200 200 200 620 620 200 320 410 160 200 180 230 180 540 1100 160 190 170 170 170 200 170 320 160 180 250 180 160 200 250 500 d 230 210 120 160 310 130 120 95 95 75 230 110 120 110 110 75 230 230 95

3793.37 3800.38 3811.78 3820.73 3830.02 3849.18 3858.31 3860.91 3872.55 3877.10 3880.82 3882.52 3889.23 3889.33 3899.94 3918.09 3923.90 3931.38 3951.83 3968.01 3973.48 4032.27 4062.84 4083.35 4093.16 4174.34 4206.58 4209.70 4228.08 4232.44 4260.98 4263.39 4272.85 4294.79 4330.27 4336.66 4356.33 4370.97 4417.91 4438.04 4565.94 4598.80 4620.86 4655.19 4699.01 4782.74 4800.50 4859.24 4975.25 5018.20 5047.45 5170.18 5181.86 5243.99 5294.87 5354.73 5373.86 5452.92 5550.60 5552.12 5613.27

II I I I I I I I II II II I I I I II II I I I I I I I II I II I I II I I II I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

160 95 95 85 160 160 570 650 410 360 110 310 130 250 130 150 160 40 65

5719.18 6098.67 6185.13 6789.27 6818.94 7063.83 7131.81 7237.10 7240.87 7624.40 7740.17 7845.35 7920.71 7994.73 8204.58 8546.48 8640.06 8711.24 9004.73

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Z=2 231.454 232.584 234.347 237.331 243.027 256.317 303.780 303.786 320.293 505.500 505.684 505.912 506.200 506.570 507.058 507.718 508.643 509.998 512.098 515.616 522.213 537.030 584.334 591.412 958.70 972.11 992.36 1025.27 1084.94 1215.09 1215.17 1640.34 1640.47 2385.40 2511.20 2577.6 2723.19 2733.30 2763.80 2818.2 2829.08

II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II II II I I II I I I

Helium He 15 20 30 50 100 300 1000 500 10 2 3 4 5 7 10 15 20 25 35 50 100 400 1000 50 5 6 8 15 30 35 50 120 180 7 9 50 1 12 2 10 4

5/4/05 8:04:17 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-30 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10 40 20 3 15 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 10 1 500 20 1 50 5 12 2 3 10 3 200 25 6 30 30 4 20 100 10 5 500 100 8 100 3 200 30 50 1 2 2 2 10 4 3 1 1 3 6 2 15 1 10 2 3 300 1000

2945.11 3013.7 3187.74 3202.96 3203.10 3354.55 3447.59 3587.27 3613.64 3634.23 3705.00 3732.86 3819.607 3819.76 3888.65 3964.729 4009.27 4026.191 4026.36 4120.82 4120.99 4143.76 4387.929 4437.55 4471.479 4471.68 4685.4 4685.7 4713.146 4713.38 4921.931 5015.678 5047.74 5411.52 5875.62 5875.97 6560.10 6678.15 6867.48 7065.19 7065.71 7281.35 7816.15 8361.69 9063.27 9210.34 9463.61 9516.60 9526.17 9529.27 9603.42 9702.60 10027.73 10031.16 10123.6 10138.50 10311.23 10311.54 10667.65 10829.09 10830.25

Section 10.indb 30

I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2000 9 3 4 30 20 50 20 7 10 2 12 200 1 6 500 200 100 20 1000 80 10 20 3 4

10830.34 10913.05 10917.10 11626.4 11969.12 12527.52 12784.99 12790.57 12845.96 12968.45 12984.89 15083.64 17002.47 18555.55 18636.8 18685.34 18697.23 19089.38 19543.08 20581.30 21120.07 21121.43 21132.03 30908.5 40478.90

Holmium Ho Z = 67 170 2502.91 170 2533.80 190 2605.86 270 2750.35 270 2769.89 300 2824.20 270 c 2831.69 270 2849.10 360 2880.26 460 2880.98 570 c 2909.41 410 c 2979.63 410 2987.64 480 c 3049.38 410 c 3054.00 500 c 3057.45 500 c 3082.34 910 3084.36 430 c 3086.54 760 3118.50 580 c 3166.62 810 3173.78 810 c 3181.50 980 c 3281.97 630 c 3337.23 980 c 3343.58 8100 c 3398.98 810 c 3410.26 1400 c 3414.90 5400 3416.46 1200 3421.63 2000 c 3425.34 2000 c 3428.13 3200 3453.14 16000 c 3456.00

I I I II I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I II I II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1600 810 c 5400 c 6300 2500 c 810 c 810 4100 c 410 c 630 1600 1100 c 410 410 c 630 c 810 410 410 630 c 1100 cw 540 c 410 430 c 490 430 c 430 c 1600 c 1400 720 670 720 580 410 490 c 430 450 1100 810 3200 cw 8900 c 8900 c 410 c 1300 cw 410 c 1100 490 c 1800 c 2700 c 3000 c 13000 c 1300 cw 580 490 2700 5400 c 8100 1700 720 8900 2900 1500

3461.97 3473.91 3474.26 3484.84 3494.76 3498.88 3510.73 3515.59 3519.94 3540.76 3546.05 3556.78 3560.15 3573.24 3574.80 3579.12 3580.75 3581.83 3592.23 3598.77 3600.95 3618.43 3626.69 3627.25 3631.76 3638.30 3662.29 3667.97 3679.19 3679.70 3682.65 3690.65 3700.04 3702.35 3712.88 3720.72 3731.40 3736.35 3748.17 3796.75 3810.73 3835.35 3837.51 3842.05 3843.86 3846.73 3854.07 3861.68 3888.96 3891.02 3905.68 3955.73 3959.68 4040.81 4045.44 4053.93 4065.09 4068.05 4103.84 4108.62 4120.20

II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II I II II II II II I II II II II I I I I I I I II I I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I II I II I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1300 4300 1500 980 cw 8100 2500 540 2000 1300 cw 490 1300 300 290 80 130 130 c 290 100 c 65 290 250 c 220 90 130 80 140 130 110 160 90 c 130 c 90 65 90 80 90 100 70 65 140 140 c 140 c 140 c 70 c 70 70 cw 70 90 230 c 120 70 70 c 70 260 120 55 cw 55 c 40 cw 45 cw 140 40 c

4125.65 4127.16 4136.22 4152.61 4163.03 4173.23 4194.35 4227.04 4254.43 4264.05 4350.73 4477.64 4629.10 4701.69 4709.84 4717.52 4742.04 4757.01 4782.92 4939.01 4967.21 4979.97 4995.05 5042.37 5093.07 5127.81 5142.59 5143.22 5149.59 5167.88 5182.11 5190.11 5251.82 5301.25 5330.11 5359.99 5407.08 5566.52 5627.60 5659.58 5691.47 5696.57 5860.28 5882.99 5921.76 5948.03 5972.76 5973.52 5982.90 6081.79 6208.65 6305.36 6550.97 6604.94 6628.99 6694.32 6785.43 6939.49 6950.39 7555.09 7628.42

I I I II I I I I I I I II II II II I II I I I II I I I I I II II II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:04:21 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 50 c 60 cw 60 50 40 90 Hydrogen H 15 20 30 50 100 300 1000 500 5 6 8 15 30 80 120 180 5 7 12 20 40 5 8 15 4 6

Wavelength/Å 7693.15 7815.48 7894.64 8512.94 8670.19 8915.98

I I I I I II

Z=1 926.226 930.748 937.803 949.743 972.537 1025.722 1215.668 1215.674 3835.384 3889.049 3970.072 4101.74 4340.47 4861.33 6562.72 6562.852 9545.97 10049.4 10938.1 12818.1 18751.0 21655.3 26251.5 40511.6 46525.1 74578.

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Indium In Z = 49 17 378.61 17 386.21 14 388.91 25 393.89 25 400.57 25 402.39 622 472.71 689 479.39 709 498.62 10 882.24 10 890.84 10 915.87 85 954.67 87 973.50 86 991.60 89 1024.68 85 1024.79 88 1031.45 82 1031.98 80 1054.43 84 1063.03 83 1068.25 82 1069.82 86 1077.64 90 1082.10 83 1086.33

Section 10.indb 31

V V V V V V IV IV IV III III III IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV

10-31 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

82 84 85 80 90 85 80 89 83 84 90 90 85 88 85 83 90 88 85 85 87 90 88 81 100 100 30 40 30 50 40 100 c 90 d 70 d 80 h 110 d 70 h 100 110 d 90 80 100 90 d 110 d 100 100 160 d 1100 200 90 d 100 d 140 d 140 d 80 1600 300 80 130 d 700 90 d 180 c

1096.81 1097.18 1116.10 1124.06 1131.46 1144.43 1145.41 1146.62 1154.11 1154.60 1157.71 1157.82 1159.78 1176.50 1191.58 1204.87 1206.55 1221.50 1221.90 1233.58 1235.84 1373.20 1398.77 1412.09 1625.42 1748.83 1842.41 1850.30 2154.08 2205.28 2281.64 2306.05 2313.21 2327.95 2334.57 2382.63 2427.20 2447.90 2488.62 2488.95 2498.59 2499.60 2500.99 2512.31 2521.37 2527.41 2554.44 2560.15 2601.76 2654.70 2662.63 2668.65 2674.56 2683.12 2710.26 2713.94 2726.15 2749.75 2753.88 2818.97 2836.92

IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III III III III III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I III II I I II II II II II I I III II I II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

80 120 d 1100 100 100 110 c 100 8000 110 d 180 c 130 c 80 c 130 d 150 100 c 90 c 90 d 13000 3000 90 c 100 c 110 d 180 c 95 c 380 w 120 c 160 c 160 c 170 w 230 c 250 c 200 c 100 100 100 c 250 w 120 c 140 d 100 150 410 w 100 100 17000 140 c 100 d 110 d 100 150 d 150 c 18000 110 c 140 c 180 w 180 w 140 c 170 c 250 c 150 w 170 c 140 c

2865.68 2890.18 2932.63 2941.05 2982.80 2999.40 3008.08 3039.36 3099.80 3101.8 3138.60 3142.75 3146.70 3155.77 3158.40 3176.30 3198.11 3256.09 3258.56 3338.50 3404.28 3438.40 3693.91 3708.13 3716.14 3718.30 3718.72 3723.40 3795.21 3799.21 3834.65 3842.18 3852.82 3889.78 3902.07 3962.35 4004.66 4013.92 4023.77 4032.32 4056.94 4071.57 4072.93 4101.76 4205.14 4213.04 4219.66 4252.68 4372.87 4500.78 4511.31 4549.01 4570.85 4578.02 4578.40 4616.08 4617.17 4620.14 4620.70 4627.30 4637.04

II II I II III II III I II II II II II II II II II I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II III III II III III I II II II III II II I II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

380 c 220 c 360 c 320 w 190 c 450 w 90 d 150 c 80 h 100 w 140 c 270 c 200 w 80 d 240 c 140 c 200 150 c 80 140 c 220 w 130 c 140 c 320 c 250 w 130 c 190 w 240 c 200 w 100 160 c 100 c 100 210 c 490 w 260 w 120 c 130 c 250 c 210 c 180 w 230 w 240 w 320 w 150 c 90 140 c 190 w 80 180 w 200 100 c 280 w 140 w 270 w 290 w 300 w 210 c 190 c 180 c 100 c

4638.16 4644.58 4655.62 4656.74 4681.11 4684.8 4907.06 4973.77 5109.36 5115.14 5117.40 5120.80 5121.75 5129.85 5175.42 5184.44 5248.77 5309.45 5411.41 5418.45 5436.70 5497.50 5507.08 5513.00 5523.28 5536.50 5555.45 5576.90 5636.70 5645.15 5708.50 5721.80 5819.50 5853.15 5903.4 5915.4 5918.78 6062.9 6095.95 6108.66 6115.9 6128.7 6129.4 6132.1 6140.0 6143.23 6148.10 6149.5 6161.15 6162.45 6197.72 6224.28 6228.3 6231.1 6304.8 6362.3 6469.0 6541.20 6751.88 6765.9 6783.72

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II II II II

5/4/05 8:04:25 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-32 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

320 w 380 w 180 c 210 c 180 c 320 c 100 c 100 c 210 c 100 c 180 c 90 c 240 c 100 w 80 c 120 c 120 c 220 w 160 d 100 200 100 h 20 20 10 9 7 6 7

6891.5 7182.9 7255.0 7276.5 7303.4 7350.6 7632.7 7682.9 7740.7 7776.96 7789.0 7840.9 8227.0 8813.5 8832.6 9197.7 9202.0 9213.0 9241.1 9977.86 10257.03 10744.31 11334.72 11731.48 12912.59 13429.96 14719.08 22291.06 23879.13

Iodine I Z = 53 30 363.78 36 380.74 45 565.53 50 607.57 6 612.46 6 666.81 8 705.11 7 784.64 7 784.80 8 795.52 7 919.28 10000 1034.66 8 1094.20 10000 1139.80 10000 1160.56 20000 1166.48 10000 1178.65 15000 1187.34 10000 1190.85 200 1218.41 20000 1220.89 600 1224.05 600 1224.08 500 1228.89 20000 1234.06 600 1251.34 8 1252.35 2500 1259.15 3000 1259.51 800 1261.27 600 1267.57

Section 10.indb 32

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I V V V V IV III III III III III IV II III II II II II II II I II I I I II I III I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

600 1500 3000 10000 3000 3000 3000 2000 20000 5000 3000 5000 3000 2500 2500 4000 3000 2000 2000 8000 5000 5000 5000 5000 10000 2500 4000 2500 1000 5000 5000 5000 15000 2500 5000 5000 2500 15000 12000 5000 75000 15000 2000 7 6 7 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 5000 200 200 100 d 500 d 250 1000 200

1267.60 1275.26 1289.40 1300.34 1302.98 1313.95 1317.54 1330.19 1336.52 1355.10 1357.97 1360.97 1361.11 1367.71 1368.22 1383.23 1390.75 1392.90 1400.01 1425.49 1446.26 1453.18 1457.39 1457.47 1457.98 1458.79 1459.15 1465.83 1485.92 1492.89 1507.04 1514.68 1518.05 1526.45 1593.58 1617.60 1640.78 1702.07 1782.76 1799.09 1830.38 1844.45 2061.63 2361.13 2372.45 2376.46 2387.11 2426.10 2475.35 2519.74 2545.67 2545.71 2652.23 3078.75 4102.23 4129.21 4134.15 4321.84 4763.31 4862.32 4916.94

I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III IV II I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10000 3000 c 1000 3000 c 10000 5000 c 600 c 3000 2000 c 10000 2000 c 4000 c 1000 d 2000 5000 300 2000 d 2000 c 1000 2000 c 800 500 800 1000 500 800 400 2000 1000 500 1000 2000 1000 5000 500 500 c 400 4000 500 500 1200 2000 1000 400 d 700 1000 500 5000 1000 500 5000 500 c 2000 500 d 2000 c 600 500 1000 99000 300 d 1000

5119.29 5161.20 5234.57 5245.71 5338.22 5345.15 5427.06 5435.83 5464.62 5625.69 5690.91 5710.53 5764.33 5894.03 5950.25 5984.86 6024.08 6074.98 6082.43 6127.49 6191.88 6213.10 6244.48 6293.98 6313.13 6330.37 6333.50 6337.85 6339.44 6359.16 6566.49 6583.75 6585.27 6619.66 6661.11 6697.29 6732.03 6812.57 6989.78 7120.05 7122.05 7142.06 7164.79 7191.66 7227.30 7236.78 7237.84 7402.06 7410.50 7416.48 7468.99 7490.52 7554.18 7556.65 7700.20 7897.98 7969.48 8003.63 8043.74 8065.70 8090.76

I II I II II II I II II II II II I I II I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

800 c 500 d 4000 10000 c 1000 1500 c 500 c 250 d 1000 2000 3000 1000 d 400 400 5000 15000 1000 12000 600 600 1000 4000 3000 2000 2000 3000 d 5000 500 750 1000 400 400 5000 400 350 320 450 300 150 60 140 200 100 225 105 150 15 20 15 35 110 50 10 220 150 30 32 12 9 10 8

8169.38 8222.57 8240.05 8393.30 8486.11 8664.95 8700.80 8748.22 8853.24 8853.80 8857.50 8898.50 8964.69 8993.13 9022.40 9058.33 9098.86 9113.91 9128.03 9227.74 9335.05 9426.71 9427.15 9598.22 9649.61 9653.06 9731.73 10003.05 10131.16 10238.82 10375.20 10391.74 10466.54 11236.56 11558.46 11778.34 11996.86 12033.69 12304.58 13149.16 13958.27 14287.02 14460.00 15032.57 15528.65 16037.33 18275.71 18348.52 18982.41 19070.17 19105.12 19370.02 20648.69 22183.03 22226.53 22309.21 24420.82 27365.42 27573.05 30361.93 30383.88

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:04:28 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 10 9 3 2

Wavelength/Å 34295.73 34513.11 40228.54 41633.80

Iridium Ir Z = 77 9900 2010.65 8700 2022.35 15000 2033.57 6200 2052.22 5000 2060.64 3700 2083.22 3100 2085.74 17000 2088.82 14000 2092.63 2700 2112.68 1800 2119.54 2000 2125.44 4500 2126.81 2000 2127.52 4500 2127.94 3700 2148.22 2500 2150.54 3500 2152.68 2900 2155.81 7900 2158.05 2100 2162.88 5800 2169.42 4500 2175.24 2700 2178.17 1600 2187.43 1100 2190.38 740 2191.64 910 2208.09 1300 2220.37 790 2221.07 2500 2242.68 620 2245.76 2100 2253.38 2100 2255.10 1400 2255.81 350 2258.51 1400 2258.86 830 2264.61 1100 2266.33 1000 2268.90 660 2280.00 950 2281.02 660 2281.91 330 2284.60 330 2295.08 790 2298.05 460 2299.53 910 2300.50 2700 2304.22 410 2305.47 210 2307.27 910 2308.93 460 2315.38 410 2321.45 410 2321.58 210 2327.98

Section 10.indb 33

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I II I I I II I I II II I II I II II II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-33 Intensity 540 740 580 1600 740 580 230 410 500 2500 370 3500 290 250 250 500 540 210 1300 2500 2700 230 290 290 290 540 370 620 210 370 290 540 540 1300 270 250 250 910 1300 230 210 210 870 3300 210 2100 620 210 250 4100 210 990 1100 580 580 7900 790 210 210 910 210

Wavelength/Å 2333.30 I 2333.84 I 2334.50 I 2343.18 I 2343.61 I 2355.00 I 2357.53 II 2358.16 I 2360.73 I 2363.04 I 2368.04 II 2372.77 I 2375.09 II 2377.28 I 2377.98 I 2379.38 I 2381.62 I 2383.17 I 2386.89 I 2390.62 I 2391.18 I 2407.59 I 2409.37 I 2410.17 I 2410.73 I 2413.31 I 2415.86 I 2418.11 I 2424.89 I 2424.99 I 2425.66 I 2427.61 I 2431.24 I 2431.94 I 2435.14 I 2445.34 I 2447.76 I 2452.81 I 2455.61 I 2455.87 I 2457.03 I 2457.23 I 2467.30 I 2475.12 I 2478.11 I 2481.18 I 2493.08 I 2496.27 I 2502.63 I 2502.98 I 2513.71 I 2533.13 I 2534.46 I 2537.22 I 2542.02 I 2543.97 I 2546.03 I 2551.40 I 2555.35 I 2564.18 I 2569.88 I

Intensity 230 740 740 740 700 1800 210 330 210 250 700 250 3500 210 1800 350 2700 520 520 330 270 3000 330 250 520 330 540 1600 380 410 680 1200 820 1100 820 3800 380 380 270 820 650 260 260 200 440 230 4400 1200 880 250 2700 230 200 1200 200 440 300 220 600 270 380

Wavelength/Å 2572.70 I 2577.26 I 2592.06 I 2599.04 I 2608.25 I 2611.30 I 2614.98 I 2617.78 I 2619.88 I 2625.32 I 2634.17 I 2639.42 I 2639.71 I 2644.19 I 2661.98 I 2662.63 I 2664.79 I 2669.91 I 2671.84 I 2673.61 I 2692.34 I 2694.23 I 2772.46 I 2775.55 I 2781.29 I 2785.22 I 2797.35 I 2797.70 I 2798.18 I 2800.82 I 2823.18 I 2824.45 I 2836.40 I 2839.16 I 2840.22 I 2849.72 I 2875.60 I 2875.98 I 2877.68 I 2882.64 I 2897.15 I 2901.95 I 2904.80 I 2907.24 I 2916.36 I 2918.57 I 2924.79 I 2934.64 I 2936.68 I 2938.47 I 2943.15 I 2946.97 I 2949.76 I 2951.22 I 2974.95 I 2980.65 I 2996.08 I 3002.25 I 3003.63 I 3017.31 I 3029.36 I

Intensity 330 300 300 300 1600 320 240 390 510 510 340 200 3400 490 370 370 610 370 5100 300 470 200 390 200 560 660 410 3200 220 410 320 1200 320 220 660 220 300 300 320 200 200 530 3100 230 480 480 400 590 460 350 370 150 100 140 90 260 220 160 65 110 55

Wavelength/Å 3039.26 I 3047.16 I 3049.44 I 3057.28 I 3068.89 I 3083.22 I 3086.44 I 3088.04 I 3100.29 I 3100.45 I 3120.76 I 3121.78 I 3133.32 I 3168.88 I 3177.58 I 3198.92 I 3212.12 I 3219.51 I 3220.78 I 3229.28 I 3241.52 I 3262.01 I 3266.44 I 3322.60 I 3368.48 I 3437.02 I 3448.97 I 3513.64 I 3515.95 I 3522.03 I 3558.99 I 3573.72 I 3594.39 I 3609.77 I 3628.67 I 3636.20 I 3661.71 I 3664.62 I 3674.98 I 3687.08 I 3731.36 II 3747.20 I 3800.12 I 3817.24 I 3902.51 I 3915.38 I 3934.84 I 3976.31 I 3992.12 I 4033.76 I 4069.92 I 4070.68 I 4092.61 I 4115.78 I 4172.56 I 4268.10 I 4311.50 I 4399.47 I 4403.78 I 4426.27 I 4478.48 I

5/4/05 8:04:32 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-34 Intensity 55 30 35 75 26 50 26 65 30 50 26 25 25 30 30 35 75 45 35 20 12 10 6

Wavelength/Å 4545.68 I 4548.48 I 4568.09 I 4616.39 I 4656.18 I 4728.86 I 4756.46 I 4778.16 I 4795.67 I 4938.09 I 4970.48 I 4999.74 I 5002.74 I 5014.98 I 5123.66 I 5364.32 I 5449.50 I 5625.55 I 5894.06 I 6110.67 I 6288.28 I 6686.08 I 7834.32 I

Iron Fe Z = 26 350 386.16 350 386.88 400 387.20 400 387.50 400 387.76 400 387.78 400 395.90 400 404.62 400 405.50 800 407.42 600 407.44 400 407.49 500 407.75 400 409.71 400 410.20 600 411.55 700 417.39 700 418.04 500 418.47 700 421.06 500 421.78 500 422.31 500 426.06 500 426.11 350 426.97 17 525.69 15 526.29 13 526.63 14 536.61 15 537.10 13 537.26 14 537.79 13 537.94 13 552.14 14 607.53 13 608.80 10 813.38

Section 10.indb 34

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III

Intensity 10 10 p 10 10 10 10 w 12 15 15 15 12 18 12 12 12 12 15 12 12 12 12 18 12 15 12 12 12 400 400 400 400 600 700 600 500 500 800 400 600 800 400 500 400 600 400 600 800 13 800 400 800 700 400 700 500 400 500 700 500 400 500

Wavelength/Å 844.28 III 861.83 III 891.17 III 950.33 III 981.37 III 983.88 III 1055.27 II 1068.36 II 1071.60 II 1096.89 II 1099.12 II 1112.09 II 1121.99 II 1122.86 II 1128.07 II 1130.43 II 1133.41 II 1133.68 II 1138.64 II 1142.33 II 1143.23 II 1144.95 II 1147.41 II 1148.29 II 1151.16 II 1267.44 II 1272.00 II 1317.86 V 1323.27 V 1330.40 V 1359.01 V 1361.82 V 1373.59 V 1373.67 V 1376.34 V 1378.56 V 1387.94 V 1397.97 V 1400.24 V 1402.39 V 1406.67 V 1406.82 V 1407.25 V 1409.45 V 1415.20 V 1420.46 V 1430.57 V 1431.43 IV 1440.53 V 1442.22 V 1446.62 V 1448.85 V 1449.93 V 1456.16 V 1459.83 V 1460.73 V 1462.63 V 1464.68 V 1465.38 V 1466.65 V 1469.00 V

Intensity 500 10 h 13 13 14 13 15 13 14 10 h 13 14 12 h 13 14 13 13 13 13 10 h 13 13 13 13 13 15 13 17 14 13 13 13 15 13 13 16 14 12 14 13 14 13 13 15 14 13 13 17 15 14 13 18 15 15 14 16 14 12 15 15 12

Wavelength/Å 1479.47 V 1505.17 III 1526.60 IV 1530.26 IV 1532.63 IV 1532.91 IV 1533.86 IV 1533.95 IV 1536.58 IV 1538.63 III 1542.16 IV 1542.70 IV 1550.20 III 1566.26 IV 1568.27 IV 1591.51 IV 1592.05 IV 1598.01 IV 1600.58 IV 1601.21 III 1601.67 IV 1603.18 IV 1603.73 IV 1604.88 IV 1605.68 IV 1605.97 IV 1606.98 IV 1609.10 IV 1609.83 IV 1610.47 IV 1611.20 IV 1613.64 IV 1614.02 IV 1614.64 IV 1615.00 IV 1616.68 IV 1617.68 IV 1618.47 II 1619.02 IV 1621.16 IV 1621.57 IV 1623.38 IV 1623.53 IV 1626.47 IV 1626.90 IV 1628.54 IV 1630.18 IV 1631.08 IV 1631.12 II 1632.40 IV 1634.01 IV 1635.40 II 1636.32 II 1639.40 II 1639.40 IV 1640.04 IV 1640.16 IV 1641.76 II 1641.87 IV 1647.09 IV 1647.16 II

Intensity 15 15 13 13 15 14 13 13 13 13 12 14 13 14 13 15 15 12 13 15 14 14 14 14 14 14 16 13 12 20 20 18 13 13 13 10 12 10 12 13 11 20 10 s 19 15 15 10 p 18 15 14 30 25 14 10 l 14 s 12 50 10 12 25 30

Wavelength/Å 1651.58 IV 1652.90 IV 1653.41 IV 1656.11 IV 1656.65 IV 1660.10 IV 1662.32 IV 1662.52 IV 1663.54 IV 1668.09 IV 1670.74 II 1671.04 IV 1673.68 IV 1675.66 IV 1681.36 IV 1687.69 IV 1698.88 IV 1702.04 II 1709.81 IV 1711.41 IV 1712.76 IV 1717.90 IV 1718.16 IV 1719.46 IV 1722.71 IV 1724.06 IV 1725.63 IV 1761.08 IV 1761.38 II 1785.26 II 1786.74 II 1788.07 II 1792.10 IV 1796.93 IV 1827.98 IV 1869.83 III 1877.99 III 1882.05 III 1886.76 III 1890.67 III 1893.98 III 1895.46 III 1907.58 III 1914.06 III 1915.08 III 1922.79 III 1926.01 III 1926.30 III 1930.39 III 1931.51 III 1934.538 I 1937.269 I 1937.34 III 1938.90 III 1943.48 III 1945.34 III 1946.988 I 1950.33 III 1951.01 III 1951.571 I 1952.59 I

5/4/05 8:04:37 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 11 30 13 10 10 w 60 11 60 13 30 50 12 15 14 13 12 12 10 12 14 100 10 12 15 12 12 10 15 12 50 12 10 40 12 12 15 300 12 250 60 120 250 150 80 80 15 10 p 20 12 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 p 50 60 300 12

Section 10.indb 35

Wavelength/Å 1952.65 III 1953.005 I 1953.32 III 1953.49 III 1954.22 III 1957.823 I 1958.58 III 1960.144 I 1960.32 III 1961.25 I 1962.111 I 1963.11 II 1987.50 III 1991.61 III 1994.07 III 1995.56 III 1996.42 III 2061.55 III 2068.24 III 2078.99 III 2084.122 I 2084.35 III 2090.14 III 2097.48 III 2097.69 III 2103.80 III 2107.32 III 2151.78 III 2157.71 III 2157.794 I 2158.47 III 2161.27 III 2166.773 I 2166.95 III 2171.04 III 2174.66 III 2178.118 I 2180.41 III 2186.486 I 2186.892 I 2187.195 I 2191.839 I 2196.043 I 2200.390 I 2200.724 I 2208.41 II 2208.85 III 2213.65 II 2218.26 II 2220.38 II 2221.83 III 2229.27 III 2232.43 III 2232.69 III 2235.91 III 2238.16 III 2241.54 III 2250.790 I 2251.874 I 2259.511 I 2261.59 III

10-35 Intensity 60 80 10 80 50 150 150 80 150 150 300 10 15 200 600 80 300 50 100 150 120 150 10 p 10 200 10 p 10 100 100 300 10 p 200 10 600 80 150 200 250 200 150 120 200 80 80 80 80 120 300 150 120 120 80 120 150 1000 300 200 1000 300 800 250

Wavelength/Å 2264.389 I 2267.085 I 2267.42 III 2267.469 I 2270.862 I 2272.070 I 2276.026 I 2279.937 I 2284.086 I 2287.250 I 2292.524 I 2293.06 III 2295.86 III 2297.787 I 2298.169 I 2299.220 I 2300.142 I 2301.684 I 2303.424 I 2303.581 I 2308.999 I 2313.104 I 2317.70 III 2319.22 III 2320.358 I 2321.71 III 2326.95 III 2327.40 II 2331.31 II 2332.80 II 2336.77 III 2338.01 II 2338.96 III 2343.49 II 2343.96 II 2344.28 II 2348.11 II 2348.30 II 2359.12 II 2360.00 II 2360.29 II 2364.83 II 2365.76 II 2368.59 II 2369.456 I 2369.95 II 2371.430 I 2373.624 I 2373.74 II 2374.518 I 2376.43 II 2379.27 II 2380.76 II 2381.835 I 2382.04 II 2388.63 II 2389.973 I 2395.62 II 2399.24 II 2404.88 II 2406.66 II

Intensity 80 300 200 150 80 60 60 150 120 120 80 60 150 150 100 250 100 50 100 60 100 1500 150 80 100 100 1500 50 800 60 600 80 80 800 1000 200 600 60 120 1200 100 80 100 10000 300 1000 50 800 100 100 120 4000 100 80 1000 50 3000 100 2000 100 100

Wavelength/Å 2406.97 II 2410.52 II 2411.07 II 2413.31 II 2417.87 II 2420.396 I 2423.089 I 2424.14 II 2428.36 II 2430.08 II 2432.26 II 2438.182 I 2439.30 II 2439.74 I 2442.57 I 2443.872 I 2444.51 II 2445.212 I 2445.57 II 2447.709 I 2453.476 I 2457.598 I 2458.78 II 2461.28 II 2461.86 II 2462.181 I 2462.647 I 2463.730 I 2465.149 I 2467.732 I 2468.879 I 2470.67 II 2470.965 I 2472.336 I 2472.895 I 2473.16 I 2474.814 I 2476.657 I 2479.480 I 2479.776 I 2480.16 II 2482.12 II 2482.66 II 2483.271 I 2483.533 I 2484.185 I 2485.990 I 2486.373 I 2486.691 I 2487.066 I 2487.370 I 2488.143 I 2488.945 I 2489.48 II 2489.750 I 2489.913 I 2490.644 I 2490.71 II 2491.155 I 2491.40 II 2493.18 II

Intensity 500 60 50 100 600 150 1000 50 80 500 50 1000 120 80 400 80 300 800 150 50 4000 200 500 100 200 300 2000 800 250 150 200 120 100 120 400 200 200 100 100 150 50 200 600 80 300 250 150 800 80 100 80 80 600 400 200 150 300 100 1500 650 90

Wavelength/Å 2493.26 II 2494.000 I 2494.251 I 2495.87 I 2496.533 I 2498.90 I 2501.132 I 2501.693 I 2506.09 II 2507.900 I 2508.753 I 2510.835 I 2511.76 II 2512.275 I 2512.365 I 2516.570 I 2517.661 I 2518.102 I 2519.629 I 2522.480 I 2522.849 I 2523.66 I 2524.293 I 2525.02 I 2525.39 II 2526.29 II 2527.435 I 2529.135 I 2529.55 II 2529.836 I 2530.687 I 2533.63 II 2534.42 II 2535.49 II 2535.607 I 2536.792 I 2536.80 II 2538.80 II 2538.91 II 2538.99 II 2539.357 I 2540.66 II 2540.972 I 2541.10 II 2542.10 I 2543.92 I 2544.70 I 2545.978 I 2546.67 II 2548.74 II 2549.08 II 2549.39 II 2549.613 I 2562.53 II 2563.48 II 2574.36 II 2576.691 I 2582.58 II 2584.54 I 2585.88 II 2591.54 II

5/4/05 8:04:39 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-36 Intensity 90 650 2000 300 60 300 800 650 600 320 320 250 90 400 200 150 250 250 100 300 50 200 300 60 600 500 400 10 h 200 80 400 60 200 80 50 50 250 4000 100 50 1500 400 150 50 80 200 50 80 1000 60 50 500 50 500 120 400 250 800 200 150 200

Section 10.indb 36

Wavelength/Å 2593.73 II 2598.37 II 2599.40 II 2599.57 I 2605.657 I 2606.51 II 2606.827 I 2607.09 II 2611.87 II 2613.82 II 2617.62 II 2618.018 I 2620.41 II 2623.53 I 2625.67 II 2628.29 II 2631.05 II 2631.32 II 2632.237 I 2635.809 I 2641.646 I 2643.998 I 2666.812 I 2666.965 I 2679.062 I 2684.75 II 2689.212 I 2695.13 III 2699.106 I 2706.012 I 2706.582 I 2708.571 I 2711.655 I 2714.41 II 2716.257 I 2717.786 I 2718.436 I 2719.027 I 2719.420 I 2720.197 I 2720.903 I 2723.578 I 2724.953 I 2726.235 I 2727.54 II 2728.020 I 2728.820 I 2728.90 II 2733.581 I 2734.005 I 2734.268 I 2735.475 I 2735.612 I 2737.310 I 2737.83 I 2739.55 II 2742.254 I 2742.405 I 2743.20 II 2743.565 I 2744.068 I

Intensity 80 300 100 500 1200 80 150 100 800 250 100 120 150 150 120 120 80 250 300 600 3000 200 400 1500 10 p 2500 300 600 50 120 1500 120 200 200 1000 100 800 50 50 80 50 12 10 12 120 120 1200 60 1000 600 250 150 1500 120 800 1200 500 600 1000 1000 250

Wavelength/Å 2744.527 I 2746.48 II 2749.32 II 2749.48 II 2750.140 I 2753.29 II 2754.032 I 2754.426 I 2755.73 II 2756.328 I 2757.316 I 2761.780 I 2761.81 II 2762.026 I 2762.772 I 2763.109 I 2766.910 I 2767.522 I 2772.07 I 2778.220 I 2788.10 I 2797.78 I 2804.521 I 2806.98 I 2813.24 III 2813.287 I 2823.276 I 2825.56 I 2825.687 I 2828.808 I 2832.436 I 2835.950 I 2838.119 I 2843.631 I 2843.977 I 2845.594 I 2851.797 I 2869.307 I 2872.334 I 2874.172 I 2894.504 I 2904.43 III 2907.50 III 2907.70 III 2912.157 I 2929.007 I 2936.903 I 2941.343 I 2947.876 I 2953.940 I 2957.364 I 2965.254 I 2966.898 I 2969.36 I 2970.099 I 2973.132 I 2973.235 I 2981.445 I 2983.570 I 2994.427 I 2994.502 I

Intensity 500 120 800 12 60 12 h 200 500 120 15 60 60 500 1500 600 500 150 500 80 60 60 800 80 800 600 1000 250 120 120 80 100 100 60 100 10 p 10 80 10 10 150 250 500 800 200 80 50 100 200 200 60 50 80 60 300 600 80 50 120 300 100 80

Wavelength/Å 2999.512 I 3000.451 I 3000.948 I 3001.62 III 3001.655 I 3007.28 III 3007.282 I 3008.14 I 3009.569 I 3013.17 III 3017.627 I 3018.983 I 3020.491 I 3020.639 I 3021.073 I 3024.032 I 3025.638 I 3025.842 I 3030.148 I 3031.214 I 3034.484 I 3037.389 I 3041.637 I 3047.604 I 3057.446 I 3059.086 I 3067.244 I 3075.719 I 3091.577 I 3098.189 I 3099.895 I 3099.968 I 3100.303 I 3100.665 I 3136.43 III 3174.09 III 3175.445 I 3175.99 III 3178.01 III 3184.895 I 3191.659 I 3193.226 I 3193.299 I 3196.928 I 3199.500 I 3205.398 I 3211.88 I 3214.011 I 3214.396 I 3215.938 I 3217.377 I 3219.583 I 3219.766 I 3222.045 I 3225.78 I 3227.796 I 3233.967 I 3234.613 I 3236.222 I 3239.433 I 3244.187 I

Intensity 80 80 50 13 50 11 150 10 120 200 400 80 60 120 50 50 60 50 150 150 80 500 250 60 500 60 6000 2500 1000 200 1200 2000 500 2500 500 10 250 300 400 100 60 60 60 100 200 300 250 80 400 200 400 1000 1200 800 120 100 60 60 4000 150 150

Wavelength/Å 3246.005 I 3265.046 I 3265.617 I 3266.88 III 3271.000 I 3276.08 III 3286.75 I 3288.81 III 3305.97 I 3306.343 I 3355.227 I 3355.517 I 3369.546 I 3370.783 I 3378.678 I 3380.110 I 3383.978 I 3392.304 I 3392.651 I 3399.333 I 3404.353 I 3407.458 I 3413.131 I 3424.284 I 3427.119 I 3428.748 I 3440.606 I 3440.989 I 3443.876 I 3445.149 I 3465.860 I 3475.450 I 3476.702 I 3490.574 I 3497.840 I 3501.76 III 3513.817 I 3521.261 I 3526.040 I 3526.166 I 3526.237 I 3526.381 I 3526.467 I 3533.199 I 3536.556 I 3541.083 I 3542.075 I 3553.739 I 3554.925 I 3556.878 I 3558.515 I 3565.379 I 3570.097 I 3570.25 I 3571.996 I 3573.393 I 3573.829 I 3573.888 I 3581.19 I 3582.199 I 3584.660 I

5/4/05 8:04:43 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 120 300 150 10 200 400 100 11 150 11 200 500 1500 250 60 150 1500 200 150 150 100 1200 60 100 200 80 1500 250 80 200 120 150 100 150 1500 200 120 150 120 500 120 150 120 150 80 1200 60 150 300 600 120 8000 1500 120 60 60 500 150 1200 5000 120

Section 10.indb 37

Wavelength/Å 3584.929 I 3585.319 I 3585.705 I 3586.04 III 3586.103 I 3586.984 I 3594.633 I 3600.94 III 3603.204 I 3603.88 III 3605.454 I 3606.680 I 3608.859 I 3610.16 I 3612.068 I 3617.788 I 3618.768 I 3621.462 I 3622.004 I 3623.19 I 3631.096 I 3631.463 I 3632.041 I 3638.298 I 3640.389 I 3643.717 I 3647.842 I 3649.506 I 3650.279 I 3651.467 I 3670.024 I 3670.089 I 3676.311 I 3677.629 I 3679.913 I 3682.242 I 3683.054 I 3684.107 I 3685.998 I 3687.456 I 3689.477 I 3694.008 I 3695.051 I 3701.086 I 3704.462 I 3705.566 I 3707.041 I 3707.821 I 3707.919 I 3709.246 I 3716.442 I 3719.935 I 3722.563 I 3724.377 I 3725.491 I 3727.093 I 3727.619 I 3732.396 I 3733.317 I 3734.864 I 3735.324 I

10-37 Intensity 6000 100 400 6000 1200 3000 80 3000 1500 400 1500 400 600 60 250 100 250 250 150 400 120 250 400 200 80 600 60 1500 2500 150 80 2500 1500 1200 1000 120 500 800 120 80 200 120 2500 150 10000 150 60 250 150 250 2000 4000 200 300 800 1200 400 250 80 600 1200

Wavelength/Å 3737.131 I 3738.306 I 3743.362 I 3745.561 I 3745.899 I 3748.262 I 3748.964 I 3749.485 I 3758.232 I 3760.05 I 3763.788 I 3765.54 I 3767.191 I 3776.452 I 3785.95 I 3786.68 I 3787.880 I 3790.092 I 3794.34 I 3795.002 I 3797.518 I 3798.511 I 3799.547 I 3805.345 I 3806.696 I 3812.964 I 3813.059 I 3815.840 I 3820.425 I 3821.179 I 3824.306 I 3824.444 I 3825.880 I 3827.823 I 3834.222 I 3839.257 I 3840.437 I 3841.047 I 3843.256 I 3846.800 I 3849.96 I 3850.817 I 3856.372 I 3859.212 I 3859.911 I 3865.523 I 3867.215 I 3872.501 I 3873.761 I 3878.018 I 3878.573 I 3886.282 I 3887.048 I 3888.513 I 3895.656 I 3899.707 I 3902.945 I 3906.479 I 3916.731 I 3920.258 I 3922.911 I

Intensity 1200 2000 60 60 50 50 16 60 250 60 11 100 80 10 w 40 50 60 200 40 400 60 100 10 50 4000 11 1500 50 50 1200 40 12 40 40 150 10 11 11 40 400 80 40 15 13 200 800 40 50 60 18 13 50 13 60 50 50 120 50 120 120 80

Wavelength/Å 3927.920 I 3930.296 I 3948.774 I 3949.953 I 3951.164 I 3952.601 I 3954.33 III 3956.454 I 3956.68 I 3966.614 I 3968.72 III 3969.257 I 3977.741 I 3979.42 III 3981.771 I 3983.956 I 3994.114 I 3997.392 I 3998.053 I 4005.241 I 4009.713 I 4021.867 I 4035.42 III 4040.638 I 4045.813 I 4053.11 III 4063.594 I 4066.975 I 4067.977 I 4071.737 I 4076.629 I 4081.00 III 4100.737 I 4107.489 I 4118.544 I 4120.90 III 4122.02 III 4122.78 III 4127.608 I 4132.058 I 4134.676 I 4136.997 I 4137.76 III 4139.35 III 4143.415 I 4143.869 I 4153.898 I 4154.500 I 4156.799 I 4164.73 III 4166.84 III 4172.744 I 4174.26 III 4174.912 I 4175.635 I 4177.593 I 4181.754 I 4184.891 I 4187.038 I 4187.795 I 4191.430 I

Intensity 40 150 40 300 40 80 80 400 100 50 11 50 200 100 13 250 50 12 50 200 300 40 800 250 1200 12 h 12 1200 14 h 80 16 h 250 18 h 1200 20 h 150 1500 80 80 11 h 14 h 18 h 800 3000 1200 300 12 600 400 120 80 80 200 50 50 30 30 50 120 60 30

Wavelength/Å 4195.329 I 4198.304 I 4199.095 I 4202.029 I 4203.984 I 4206.696 I 4210.343 I 4216.183 I 4219.360 I 4222.212 I 4222.27 III 4225.956 I 4227.423 I 4233.602 I 4235.56 III 4235.936 I 4238.809 I 4243.75 III 4247.425 I 4250.118 I 4250.787 I 4258.315 I 4260.473 I 4271.153 I 4271.759 I 4273.40 III 4279.72 III 4282.402 I 4286.16 III 4291.462 I 4296.85 III 4299.234 I 4304.78 III 4307.901 I 4310.36 III 4315.084 I 4325.761 I 4352.734 I 4369.771 I 4372.31 III 4372.53 III 4372.81 III 4375.929 I 4383.544 I 4404.750 I 4415.122 I 4419.60 III 4427.299 I 4461.652 I 4466.551 I 4476.017 I 4482.169 I 4482.252 I 4489.739 I 4528.613 I 4647.433 I 4736.771 I 4859.741 I 4871.317 I 4872.136 I 4878.208 I

5/4/05 8:04:45 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-38 Intensity 100 250 30 150 500 1500 80 30 100 60 30 150 30 30 25 150 40 100 25 12 80 2500 80 500 50 80 200 10 30 25 150 60 1000 250 10 18 13 l 100 1200 800 14 15 30 16 60 12 11 12 25 14 w 10 10 150 800 300 100 80 500 11 12 12

Section 10.indb 38

Wavelength/Å 4890.754 I 4891.492 I 4903.309 I 4918.992 I 4920.502 I 4957.597 I 5001.862 I 5005.711 I 5006.117 I 5012.067 I 5014.941 I 5041.755 I 5049.819 I 5051.634 I 5074.748 I 5110.357 I 5139.251 I 5139.462 I 5151.910 I 5156.12 III 5166.281 I 5167.487 I 5168.897 I 5171.595 I 5191.454 I 5192.343 I 5194.941 I 5199.08 III 5204.582 I 5215.179 I 5216.274 I 5226.862 I 5227.150 I 5232.939 I 5235.66 III 5243.31 III 5260.34 III 5266.555 I 5269.537 I 5270.357 I 5272.98 III 5276.48 III 5281.789 I 5282.30 III 5283.621 I 5284.83 III 5298.12 III 5299.93 III 5302.299 I 5302.60 III 5306.76 III 5322.74 III 5324.178 I 5328.038 I 5328.531 I 5332.899 I 5339.928 I 5341.023 I 5346.88 III 5353.77 III 5363.76 III

Intensity 10 400 11 l 40 300 250 250 100 200 120 25 20 30 30 60 120 200 20 50 11 10 20 18 10 30 15 30 10 p 18 p 10 14 12 30 12 h 18 16 13 11 11 40 30 40 40 40 30 30 40 20 80 30 20 30 20 20 30 200 60 20 20 40 25

Wavelength/Å 5368.06 III 5371.489 I 5375.47 III 5393.167 I 5397.127 I 5405.774 I 5429.695 I 5434.523 I 5446.871 I 5455.609 I 5497.516 I 5501.464 I 5506.778 I 5569.618 I 5572.841 I 5586.755 I 5615.644 I 5624.541 I 5662.515 I 5719.88 III 5756.38 III 5762.990 I 5833.93 III 5854.62 III 5862.353 I 5891.91 III 5914.114 I 5920.13 III 5929.69 III 5952.31 III 5953.62 III 5979.32 III 5986.956 I 5989.08 III 5999.54 III 6032.59 III 6036.56 III 6048.72 III 6054.18 III 6065.482 I 6102.159 I 6136.614 I 6137.694 I 6191.558 I 6213.429 I 6219.279 I 6230.726 I 6246.317 I 6247.56 II 6252.554 I 6393.602 I 6399.999 I 6411.647 I 6421.349 I 6430.844 I 6456.38 II 6494.981 I 6546.239 I 6592.913 I 6677.989 I 7164.443 I

Intensity 80 30 30 40 60 80 60 80 60 50 150 120 20 120 30 15 60 150 52 87 91 255 160 230 160 580 225 1030 96 72 50 40 94 41 105

Wavelength/Å 7187.313 I 7207.381 I 7445.746 I 7495.059 I 7511.045 I 7937.131 I 7945.984 I 7998.939 I 8046.047 I 8085.176 I 8220.41 I 8327.053 I 8331.908 I 8387.770 I 8468.404 I 8514.069 I 8661.898 I 8688.621 I 11422.32 I 11439.12 I 11593.59 I 11607.57 I 11638.26 I 11689.98 I 11783.26 I 11882.84 I 11884.08 I 11973.05 I 14400.56 I 14512.23 I 14555.06 I 14826.43 I 15294.58 I 15769.42 I 18856.65 I

Krypton Kr 30 150 100 250 120 200 30 60 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 30 50 35 50 35 40 45

Z = 36 467.35 472.16 484.39 496.25 500.77 507.20 540.86 548.04 565.64 569.16 571.98 579.83 585.14 585.96 593.70 594.10 596.41 600.17 603.67 605.86 606.47 611.12 616.72 621.45 622.80

III V V V V V III V III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III

Intensity 50 30 45 50 35 120 50 60 50 50 30 40 35 35 35 35 45 45

45 50 30 50 600 50 100 p 60 30 200 100 60 200 60 p 200 100 60

7 18 60 60 50 22 100 50 60 60 60 40 50 200 1000 400 75 200 2000 50 50

Wavelength/Å 625.02 III 625.76 III 628.59 III 630.04 III 633.09 III 637.87 V 639.98 III 646.41 III 651.20 III 659.72 III 664.86 III 672.34 III 672.85 III 676.57 III 680.13 III 683.68 III 686.25 III 687.98 III 690.86 V 691.75 V 691.93 III 695.61 III 698.05 III 708.36 III 708.85 V 714.00 III 722.04 III 729.40 II 746.70 III 761.18 II 763.98 II 766.20 II 771.03 II 773.69 II 782.10 II 783.72 II 785.97 III 793.44 IV 794.11 IV 805.76 IV 810.70 V 816.82 IV 818.15 II 830.38 II 837.66 III 842.04 IV 844.06 II 854.73 III 862.58 III 864.82 II 868.87 II 870.84 III 876.08 III 884.14 II 886.30 II 891.01 II 897.81 III 911.39 II 917.43 II 945.44 I 946.54 I

5/4/05 8:04:47 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 20 50 50 2000 50 100 100 100 30 200 650 6 6 3 6 3 4 4 3 3 40 4 3 5 4 6 100 h 5 60 40 4 5 6 5 5 6 4 30 3 5 10 8 7 60 30 40 80 h 3 8 6 3 100 3 30 30 5 3 50 100 30 50

Section 10.indb 39

Wavelength/Å 951.06 I 953.40 I 963.37 I 964.97 II 987.29 III 1001.06 I 1003.55 I 1030.02 I 1158.74 III 1164.87 I 1235.84 I 1638.82 III 1914.09 III 2237.34 IV 2291.26 IV 2329.3 IV 2336.75 IV 2348.27 IV 2358.5 IV 2388.05 IV 2393.94 III 2416.9 IV 2428.04 IV 2442.68 IV 2451.7 IV 2459.74 IV 2464.77 II 2474.06 IV 2492.48 II 2494.01 III 2517.0 IV 2518.02 IV 2519.38 IV 2524.5 IV 2546.0 IV 2547.0 IV 2558.08 IV 2563.25 III 2586.9 IV 2606.17 IV 2609.5 IV 2615.3 IV 2621.11 IV 2639.76 III 2680.32 III 2681.19 III 2712.40 II 2730.55 IV 2748.18 IV 2774.70 IV 2829.60 IV 2833.00 II 2836.08 IV 2841.00 III 2851.16 III 2853.0 IV 2859.3 IV 2870.61 III 2892.18 III 2909.17 III 2952.56 III

10-39 Intensity 60 50 80 50 30 60 40 60 30 100 60 3 100 80 6 40 40 300 3 150 100 30 30 30 50 200 60 50 100 40 100 70 100 200 100 100 h 200 30 250 80 150 100 80 30 300 h 200 150 200 150 80 500 500 3 5 40 h 150 h 150 200 5 100 100 h

Wavelength/Å 2992.22 III 3022.30 III 3024.45 III 3046.93 III 3056.72 III 3063.13 III 3097.16 III 3112.25 III 3120.61 III 3124.39 III 3141.35 III 3142.01 IV 3189.11 III 3191.21 III 3224.99 IV 3239.52 III 3240.44 III 3245.69 III 3261.70 IV 3264.81 III 3268.48 III 3271.65 III 3285.89 III 3304.75 III 3311.47 III 3325.75 III 3330.76 III 3342.48 III 3351.93 III 3374.96 III 3439.46 III 3474.65 III 3488.59 III 3507.42 III 3564.23 III 3607.88 II 3631.889 II 3641.34 III 3653.928 II 3665.324 I 3669.01 II 3679.559 I 3686.182 II 3690.65 III 3718.02 II 3718.595 II 3721.350 II 3741.638 II 3744.80 II 3754.245 II 3778.089 II 3783.095 II 3809.30 IV 3860.58 IV 3868.70 III 3875.44 II 3906.177 II 3920.081 II 3934.29 IV 3994.840 II 3997.793 II

Intensity 300 300 50 500 250 100 40 250 40 150 1000 100 600 200 500 h 400 1000 150 h 100 3000 500 200 800 300 h 200 100 500 600 600 800 800 400 h 600 400 h 200 h 800 300 150 h 500 1000 800 2000 500 100 200 3000 300 1000 300 300 800 700 150 300 20 h 200 250 400 h 500 200 500

Wavelength/Å 4057.037 II 4065.128 II 4067.37 III 4088.337 II 4098.729 II 4109.248 II 4131.33 III 4145.122 II 4154.46 III 4250.580 II 4273.969 I 4282.967 I 4292.923 II 4300.49 II 4317.81 II 4318.551 I 4319.579 I 4322.98 II 4351.359 I 4355.477 II 4362.641 I 4369.69 II 4376.121 I 4386.54 II 4399.965 I 4425.189 I 4431.685 II 4436.812 II 4453.917 I 4463.689 I 4475.014 II 4489.88 II 4502.353 I 4523.14 II 4556.61 II 4577.209 II 4582.978 II 4592.80 II 4615.292 II 4619.166 II 4633.885 II 4658.876 II 4680.406 II 4691.301 II 4694.360 II 4739.002 II 4762.435 II 4765.744 II 4811.76 II 4825.18 II 4832.077 II 4846.612 II 4857.20 II 4945.59 II 5016.45 III 5022.40 II 5086.52 II 5125.73 II 5208.32 II 5308.66 II 5333.41 II

Intensity 200 10 500 2000 80 100 400 200 h 100 3000 200 60 10 h 60 10 h 10 300 100 200 150 60 100 250 100 80 400 400 60 200 100 300 1000 2000 150 1000 1200 250 150 800 200 180 200 120 100 1500 4000 6000 60 3000 200 80 3000 100 1500 5000 100 3000 150 6000 2000 500

Wavelength/Å 5468.17 II 5501.43 III 5562.224 I 5570.288 I 5580.386 I 5649.561 I 5681.89 II 5690.35 II 5832.855 I 5870.914 I 5992.22 II 5993.849 I 6037.17 III 6056.125 I 6078.38 III 6310.22 III 6420.18 II 6421.026 I 6456.288 I 6570.07 II 6699.228 I 6904.678 I 7213.13 II 7224.104 I 7287.258 I 7289.78 II 7407.02 II 7425.541 I 7435.78 II 7486.862 I 7524.46 II 7587.411 I 7601.544 I 7641.16 II 7685.244 I 7694.538 I 7735.69 II 7746.827 I 7854.821 I 7913.423 I 7928.597 I 7933.22 II 7973.62 II 7982.401 I 8059.503 I 8104.364 I 8112.899 I 8132.967 I 8190.054 I 8202.72 II 8218.365 I 8263.240 I 8272.353 I 8281.050 I 8298.107 I 8412.430 I 8508.870 I 8764.110 I 8776.748 I 8928.692 I 9238.48 II

5/4/05 8:04:50 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-40 Intensity 500 hl 200 h 300 100 200 h 200 h 500 500 h 400 h 200 200 h 2000 500 500 1000 100 200 150 500 150 1500 600 160 100 1100 1000 2400 800 200 600 150 550 140 180 2000 100 1600 550 450 400 120 140 1700 130 1500 700 200 180 120 200 2000 1000 2400 1600 1800 600 700 120 150 650 700

Section 10.indb 40

Wavelength/Å 9293.82 II 9320.99 II 9361.95 II 9362.082 I 9402.82 II 9470.93 II 9577.52 II 9605.80 II 9619.61 II 9663.34 II 9711.60 II 9751.758 I 9803.14 II 9856.314 I 10221.46 II 11187.108 I 11257.711 I 11259.126 I 11457.481 I 11792.425 I 11819.377 I 11997.105 I 12077.224 I 12861.892 I 13177.412 I 13622.415 I 13634.220 I 13658.394 I 13711.036 I 13738.851 I 13974.027 I 14045.657 I 14104.298 I 14402.22 I 14426.793 I 14517.84 I 14734.436 I 14762.672 I 14765.472 I 14961.894 I 15005.307 I 15209.526 I 15239.615 I 15326.480 I 15334.958 I 15372.037 I 15474.026 I 15681.02 I 15820.09 I 16726.513 I 16785.128 I 16853.488 I 16890.441 I 16896.753 I 16935.806 I 17098.771 I 17367.606 I 17404.443 I 17616.854 I 17842.737 I 18002.229 I

Intensity 2600 100 150 300 170 200 140 300 140 600 1800 120 180 120 180 600 180 1000 150 140 300 300 300 500 1100 220 100 1400 1100 500 300 1300 250

Wavelength/Å 18167.315 I 18399.786 I 18580.896 I 18696.294 I 18785.460 I 18797.703 I 20209.878 I 20423.964 I 20446.971 I 21165.471 I 21902.513 I 22485.775 I 23340.416 I 24260.506 I 24292.221 I 25233.820 I 28610.55 I 28655.72 I 28769.71 I 28822.49 I 29236.69 I 30663.54 I 30979.16 I 39300.6 I 39486.52 I 39557.25 I 39572.60 I 39588.4 I 39589.6 I 39954.8 I 39966.6 I 40306.1 I 40685.16 I

Lanthanum La Z = 57 100 344.12 400 390.72 1000 432.11 2500 435.28 10000 463.14 5000 482.16 7000 498.08 15000 499.54 10000 503.58 12000 526.76 10000 531.07 15000 533.23 8000 547.44 40000 552.02 5000 600.24 30000 631.26 400 796.99 2000 870.40 1000 882.34 400 942.86 50000 1081.61 95000 1099.73 2000 1255.63 10000 1349.18 25000 1368.04 20000 1463.47 15000 1507.87

IV V V V IV V V IV V V V V V IV V IV III III III III III III III III IV IV IV

Intensity 10000 4000 5000 4000 c 770 25000 w 50000 45000 95000 w 70000 w 420 50000 w 30000 c 70000 w 90000 c 1000 1500 510 550 800 1500 870 1500 320 1000 550 2400 3700 3900 600 1600 3400 1700 1300 1100 2200 9000 4400 3600 2800 3000 850 2800 5500 4400 550 1100 1500 1600 480 600 600 440 4600 550 2000 850 420 400 400 410

Wavelength/Å 1523.79 III 1808.66 IV 1902.97 IV 2197.45 IV 2256.76 II 2417.58 IV 2532.75 IV 2582.05 IV 2597.50 IV 2662.75 IV 2808.39 II 2848.30 IV 2962.58 IV 3009.51 IV 3056.68 IV 3171.63 III 3171.74 III 3245.13 II 3265.67 II 3303.11 II 3337.49 II 3344.56 II 3380.91 II 3628.83 II 3645.42 II 3713.54 II 3759.08 II 3790.83 II 3794.78 II 3840.72 II 3849.02 II 3871.64 II 3886.37 II 3916.05 II 3921.54 II 3929.22 II 3949.10 II 3988.52 II 3995.75 II 4031.69 II 4042.91 II 4067.39 II 4077.35 II 4086.72 II 4123.23 II 4141.74 II 4151.97 II 4196.55 II 4238.38 II 4269.50 II 4286.97 II 4296.05 II 4322.51 II 4333.74 II 4354.40 II 4429.90 II 4522.37 II 4526.12 II 4558.46 II 4574.88 II 4613.39 II

Intensity 410 540 360 230 230 500 390 320 320 850 1000 1000 370 340 370 720 210 470 470 450 290 580 850 260 720 520 340 370 370 180 500 470 240 180 370 320 450 140 320 720 260 d 450 250 180 110 160 50 110 w 110 w 75 cw 50 85 40 75 85 95 65 300 40 35 120

Wavelength/Å 4619.88 II 4655.50 II 4662.51 II 4692.50 II 4728.42 II 4740.28 II 4743.09 II 4748.73 II 4860.91 II 4899.92 II 4920.98 II 4921.79 II 4949.77 I 4970.39 II 4986.83 II 4999.47 II 5050.57 I 5114.56 II 5122.99 II 5145.42 I 5158.69 I 5177.31 I 5183.42 II 5188.22 II 5211.86 I 5234.27 I 5253.46 I 5271.19 I 5301.98 II 5303.55 II 5455.15 I 5501.34 I 5648.25 I 5740.66 I 5769.34 I 5789.24 I 5791.34 I 5821.99 I 5930.62 I 6249.93 I 6262.30 II 6394.23 I 6455.99 I 6709.50 I 7045.96 I 7066.23 II 7161.25 I 7282.34 II 7334.18 I 7483.50 II 7498.83 I 7539.23 I 7964.83 I 8086.05 I 8324.69 I 8346.53 I 8545.44 I 8583.45 III 8674.43 I 8825.82 I 9184.38 III

5/4/05 8:04:54 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 100 140

Wavelength/Å 9212.63 III 10284.79 III

Lead Pb Z = 82 10 496.38 12 499.94 14 529.78 20 570.16 10 648.50 20 703.73 12 749.46 10 752.52 10 761.09 18 767.45 18 769.49 14 771.42 14 782.79 15 797.02 18 802.07 12 802.82 18 809.63 10 812.59 10 827.41 12 832.60 12 845.94 18 857.64 16 862.33 20 863.97 14 870.44 6 873.71 12 879.96 18 883.90 14 884.96 14 884.99 14 888.37 8 889.68 16 890.72 14 894.40 12 896.08 12 908.51 14 915.71 12 917.90 12 918.09 12 920.28 12 920.66 10 922.12 12 922.49 10 927.64 14 932.20 12 954.35 10 967.23 10 986.71 10 995.89 10 1016.61 14 1028.61 20 1032.05 16 1041.24 18 1044.14 12 1048.9 10 1049.82 10 1050.77 10 1051.26

Section 10.indb 41

IV IV IV IV IV V V V IV V V V V V IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV II IV V IV IV V II IV V V IV V IV V V V IV IV IV IV V II II II II IV IV IV IV III II II V

10-41 Intensity 15 10 12 18 20 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 10 18 14 12 14 20 10 10 11 10 20 10 10 12 10 16 18 10 10 10 14 20 10 10 20 10 10 10 7 12 16 10 5r 10 12 8r 12 6 10 15 500 r 7 12 7 8 10 20 20 25

Wavelength/Å 1056.53 IV 1060.66 II 1072.09 IV 1080.81 IV 1084.17 IV 1088.86 V 1103.94 II 1108.43 II 1109.84 II 1116.08 IV 1119.57 II 1121.36 II 1133.14 II 1137.84 IV 1144.93 IV 1157.88 V 1185.43 V 1189.95 IV 1203.63 II 1231.20 II 1233.50 V 1291.10 IV 1313.05 IV 1331.65 II 1335.20 II 1343.06 IV 1348.37 II 1388.94 IV 1400.26 IV 1404.34 IV 1433.96 II 1512.42 II 1535.71 IV 1553.1 III 1671.53 II 1682.15 II 1726.75 II 1796.670 II 1822.050 II 1904.77 I 1921.471 II 1959.34 IV 1973.16 IV 1998.83 V 2022.02 I 2042.58 IV 2049.34 IV 2053.28 I 2079.22 IV 2111.758 I 2115.066 I 2154.01 IV 2170.00 I 2175.580 I 2177.46 IV 2187.888 I 2189.603 I 2203.534 II 2237.425 I 2246.86 I 2246.89 I

Intensity 20 150 16 180 550 r 140 320 r 320 r 16 15 150 r 160 r 130 r 80 r 500 r 900 r 160 4 10 700 10 25000 r 100 14000 r 35000 r 6 14000 r 3 15 15 15 4 10 150 10 10 600 100 400 200 35000 50000 r 20000 70000 r 10 25000 12 15000 95000 14000 10 10000 8 200 10 6 16 7 10 6 1000

Wavelength/Å 2259.01 V 2332.418 I 2359.53 IV 2388.797 I 2393.792 I 2399.597 I 2401.940 I 2411.734 I 2417.61 IV 2424.81 V 2443.829 I 2446.181 I 2476.378 I 2577.260 I 2613.655 I 2614.175 I 2628.262 I 2634.256 II 2657.094 I 2663.154 I 2697.541 I 2801.995 I 2822.58 I 2823.189 I 2833.053 I 2840.557 II 2873.311 I 2914.442 II 2966.460 I 2972.991 I 2980.157 I 2986.876 II 3043.85 III 3118.894 I 3137.81 III 3176.50 III 3220.528 I 3229.613 I 3240.186 I 3262.355 I 3572.729 I 3639.568 I 3671.491 I 3683.462 I 3713.982 II 3739.935 I 3854.08 III 4019.632 I 4057.807 I 4062.136 I 4157.814 I 4168.033 I 4272.66 III 4340.413 I 4496.15 IV 4499.34 III 4534.60 IV 4571.21 III 4579.051 II 4761.12 III 5005.416 I

Intensity 100 50 10 2000 10 40 200 2000 500 500 40 50 100 50 c 20000 10 20 5 10 6 5 40 20 10 5 10 8 15 15 15 200 100 50 15 40

Wavelength/Å 5006.572 I 5089.484 I 5107.242 I 5201.437 I 5372.099 II 5692.346 I 5895.624 I 6001.862 I 6011.667 I 6059.356 I 6081.409 II 6110.520 I 6235.266 I 6660.20 II 7228.965 I 7346.676 I 7809.259 I 7896.737 I 8168.001 I 8191.886 I 8217.711 I 8272.690 I 8409.384 I 8478.492 I 8722.810 I 8857.457 I 9293.476 I 9438.05 I 9604.297 I 9674.351 I 10290.458 I 10498.965 I 10649.249 I 10886.688 I 10969.53 I 13512.6 I 14743.0 I 15349.6 I 39039.4 I

Lithium Li Z = 3 102.9 103.4 104.1 105.5 108.0 113.9 125.5 135.0 136.5 140.5 167.21 168.74 171.58 178.02 199.28 207.5 456. 483. 540. 540.0 729.

III III III III III III II III II II II II II II II II II II II III II

5/4/05 8:04:56 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-42 Intensity

3 5 1 3 5 1

h

Section 10.indb 42

Wavelength/Å 729.1 III 800. II 820. II 861. II 905.5 II 917.5 II 936. II 945. II 965. II 972. II 988. II 1018. II 1032. II 1036. II 1093. II 1103. II 1109. II 1116. II 1132.1 II 1141. II 1166.4 II 1198.09 II 1215. II 1238. II 1253.8 II 1420.89 II 1424. II 1492.93 II 1492.97 II 1493.04 II 1555. II 1653.08 II 1653.13 II 1653.21 II 1681.66 II 1755.33 II 2009. II 2039. I 2068. II 2131. II 2164. II 2173.4 I 2183. II 2214. II 2222. II 2237. II 2249.21 II 2286.82 II 2302.57 II 2303.33 II 2304.59 I 2304.92 I 2305.36 I 2305.83 I 2306.29 I 2306.82 I 2307.44 I 2308.97 I 2309.88 I 2310.94 I 2312.11 I

Intensity

3 5 2

1

3

10

24 15 2 3

5 2 3 1 5

2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 9 4

Wavelength/Å 2313.49 I 2315.08 I 2316.95 I 2319.18 I 2321.88 I 2325.11 I 2329.02 I 2329.84 II 2333.94 I 2336.88 II 2336.91 II 2337.00 II 2340.15 I 2348.22 I 2358.93 I 2373.54 I 2381.54 II 2383.20 II 2394.39 I 2402.33 II 2410.84 II 2425.43 I 2429.81 II 2460.2 I 2475.06 I 2506.94 II 2508.78 II 2518. I 2539.49 II 2551.7 II 2559. II 2562.31 I 2605.08 II 2657.29 II 2657.30 II 2674.46 II 2728.24 II 2728.29 II 2728.32 II 2730.47 II 2730.55 II 2741.20 I 2766.99 II 2790.31 II 2801. I 2846. I 2868. I 2895. I 2934.02 II 2934.07 II 2934.12 II 2934.25 II 2968. I 3029.12 II 3029.14 II 3144. I 3155.31 II 3155.33 II 3196.26 II 3196.33 II 3196.36 II

Intensity 5 2 17

1 5 6d 8 7d 10 1 3 6 20 20 10 10 40 40 20 20 5 5 1 13 13

6 2 3 1

4 4 1 8 8

600 c 600 c 320 320 3600 3600

Wavelength/Å 3199.33 II 3199.43 II 3232.66 I 3249.87 II 3306.28 II 3488. I 3579.8 I 3618. I 3662. I 3684.32 II 3714.00 II 3714.16 II 3714.27 II 3714.29 II 3714.40 II 3714.41 II 3714.51 II 3714.58 II 3718.7 I 3794.72 I 3915.30 I 3915.35 I 3985.48 I 3985.54 I 4132.56 I 4132.62 I 4196. I 4273.07 I 4273.13 I 4325.42 II 4325.47 II 4325.54 II 4516.45 II 4602.83 I 4602.89 I 4607.34 II 4671.51 II 4671.65 II 4671.70 II 4678.06 II 4678.29 II 4760. I 4763. II 4788.36 II 4843.0 II 4881.32 II 4881.39 II 4881.49 II 4971.66 I 4971.75 I 5037.92 II 5271. I 5315. I 5395. I 5440. I 5483.55 II 5485.65 II 6103.54 I 6103.65 I 6707.76 I 6707.91 I

Intensity 48 48

Wavelength/Å 8126.23 I 8126.45 I 8517.37 II 9581.42 II 10120. II 12232. I 12782. I 13566. I 17552. I 18697. I 19290. I 24467. I 40475. I

Lutetium Lu Z = 71 100 563.72 500 810.73 2000 832.28 100 861.92 400 876.80 100 880.32 100 891.81 100 914.72 400 1001.18 100 1272.42 800 1333.79 400 1429.38 200 1441.76 200 1453.35 200 1468.99 400 1472.12 200 1473.71 200 1485.58 400 1511.26 600 1772.57 100 c 1786.25 1000 1854.57 1500 2065.35 1500 c 2070.56 600 c 2086.47 1000 c 2104.41 1000 c 2108.31 1700 h 2195.54 1000 2236.14 2000 2236.22 95 2276.94 190 2297.41 1300 2392.19 120 2399.14 80 2419.21 130 2459.64 370 2536.95 930 2571.23 1700 2578.79 4500 c 2603.35 1800 2613.40 18000 2615.42 1800 2619.26 2700 2657.80 570 h 2685.08 4200 2701.71 180 d 2719.09

V III III V IV V V V III IV IV IV V V V V V V IV IV V III III III IV IV IV II III III II II II II II II II II II III II II II II I II I

5/4/05 8:04:59 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 480 h 3600 750 h 2000 2700 270 c 330 h 3000 570 h 6300 4500 300 9000 270 h 1200 4200 2400 1800 3000 2100 1000 7500 390 5100 h 3000 2400 260 1400 4800 3800 7600 6200 7600 6200 950 160 h 1400 4100 4800 8300 c 1600 4800 4800 340 800 680 2600 110 110 150 2700 530 50 480 670 310 3100 150 c 460 1600 150

Section 10.indb 43

Wavelength/Å 2728.95 I 2754.17 II 2765.74 I 2772.55 III 2796.63 II 2834.35 II 2845.13 I 2847.51 II 2885.14 I 2894.84 II 2900.30 II 2903.05 I 2911.39 II 2949.73 I 2951.69 II 2963.32 II 2969.82 II 2989.27 I 3020.54 II 3056.72 II 3057.86 III 3077.60 II 3080.11 I 3081.47 I 3118.43 I 3171.36 I 3191.80 II 3198.12 II 3254.31 II 3278.97 I 3281.74 I 3312.11 I 3359.56 I 3376.50 I 3385.50 I 3391.55 I 3396.82 I 3397.07 II 3472.48 II 3507.39 II 3508.42 I 3554.43 II 3567.84 I 3596.34 I 3623.99 II 3636.25 I 3647.77 I 3756.70 I 3756.79 I 3800.67 I 3841.18 I 3876.65 II 3918.86 I 3968.46 I 4054.45 I 4122.49 I 4124.73 I 4131.79 I 4154.08 I 4184.25 II 4277.50 I

10-43 Intensity 250 330 d 150 190 c 190 3300 100 h 1000 85 h 150 85 460 180 800 800 140 2700 170 500 140 c 100 2100 550 80 690 cw 140 1400 440 150 600 160 2100 80 160 70 h 1100 29 55 c 35 cw 23 c 30 c 45 23 45 14 ch 11 c 9c 17 35 10 d 29 c 35 c

Wavelength/Å 4281.03 I 4295.97 I 4309.57 I 4430.48 I 4450.81 I 4518.57 I 4648.21 I 4658.02 I 4659.03 I 4785.42 II 4815.05 I 4904.88 I 4942.34 I 4994.13 II 5001.14 I 5134.05 I 5135.09 I 5196.61 I 5402.57 I 5421.90 I 5437.88 I 5476.69 II 5736.55 I 5800.59 I 5983.9 II 5997.13 I 6004.52 I 6055.03 I 6159.94 II 6198.13 III 6199.66 II 6221.87 II 6235.36 II 6242.34 II 6345.35 I 6463.12 II 6477.67 I 6523.18 I 6611.28 II 6677.14 I 6793.77 I 6917.31 I 7031.24 I 7125.84 II 7237.98 I 7441.52 I 8178.16 I 8382.08 I 8459.19 II 8478.50 I 8508.08 I 8610.98 I

Magnesium Mg Z = 12 400 146.95 20 186.51 20 187.20 10 188.53 100 231.73 80 234.26 35 276.58 4000 320.99

IV III III III III III V IV

Intensity 3000 30 150 50 250 300 300 800 300 600 900 500 800 300 1000 500 1000 300 300 400 400 350 300 300 5 500 10 400 15 40 50 20 40 50 30 300 9 25 20 20 3 20 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 4 5

Wavelength/Å 323.31 IV 353.09 V 857.29 IV 919.03 IV 1037.41 IV 1210.99 IV 1342.19 IV 1346.57 IV 1346.68 IV 1352.05 IV 1384.46 IV 1385.77 IV 1387.53 IV 1404.68 IV 1409.36 IV 1437.53 IV 1437.64 IV 1447.42 IV 1459.54 IV 1459.62 IV 1481.51 IV 1490.45 IV 1495.50 IV 1607.11 IV 1668.43 I 1683.02 IV 1683.41 I 1698.81 IV 1707.06 I 1734.84 II 1737.62 II 1747.80 I 1750.65 II 1753.46 II 1827.93 I 1844.17 IV 2025.82 I 2064.90 III 2091.96 III 2177.70 III 2329.58 II 2395.15 III 2449.57 II 2557.23 I 2560.94 I 2562.26 I 2564.94 I 2570.91 I 2572.25 I 2574.94 I 2577.89 I 2580.59 I 2584.22 I 2585.56 I 2588.28 I 2591.89 I 2593.23 I 2595.97 I 2602.50 I 2603.85 I 2606.62 I

Intensity 1 2 3 3 6 8 2 3 4 8 8 6 8 10 3 5 6 8 10 12 5 7 38 32 90 8 32 36 1000 600 3 2 1 12 12 14 14 16 16 6000 2 4 3 10 12 2 13 20 22 14 9 8 6 6 7 2 17 6 9 7 8

Wavelength/Å 2613.36 I 2614.73 I 2617.51 I 2628.66 I 2630.05 I 2632.87 I 2644.80 I 2646.21 I 2649.06 I 2660.76 II 2660.82 II 2668.12 I 2669.55 I 2672.46 I 2693.72 I 2695.18 I 2698.14 I 2731.99 I 2733.49 I 2736.53 I 2765.22 I 2768.34 I 2776.69 I 2778.27 I 2779.83 I 2781.29 I 2781.42 I 2782.97 I 2795.53 II 2802.70 II 2809.76 I 2811.11 I 2811.78 I 2846.72 I 2846.75 I 2848.34 I 2848.42 I 2851.65 I 2851.66 I 2852.13 I 2902.92 I 2906.36 I 2915.45 I 2936.74 I 2938.47 I 2942.00 I 2942.00 I 3091.08 I 3092.99 I 3096.90 I 3104.71 II 3104.81 II 3168.98 II 3172.71 II 3175.78 II 3197.62 I 3329.93 I 3332.15 I 3336.68 I 3535.04 II 3538.86 II

5/4/05 8:05:02 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-44 Intensity 7 8 140 300 500 8 7 3 3 4 6 8 10 15 20 9 10 8 9 14 13 28 10 7 75 220 400 8 7 9 6 30 10 9 7 10 9 11 7 8 7 8 10 10 12 20 19 17 15 12 13 10 9 8 10 20 10 11 10 15 10

Section 10.indb 44

Wavelength/Å 3549.52 II 3553.37 II 3829.30 I 3832.30 I 3838.29 I 3848.24 II 3850.40 II 3878.31 I 3895.57 I 3903.86 I 3938.40 I 3986.75 I 4057.50 I 4167.27 I 4351.91 I 4384.64 II 4390.59 II 4428.00 II 4433.99 II 4481.16 II 4481.33 II 4571.10 I 4730.03 I 4851.10 II 5167.33 I 5172.68 I 5183.61 I 5264.21 II 5264.37 II 5401.54 II 5528.41 I 5711.09 I 6318.72 I 6319.24 I 6319.49 I 6346.74 II 6346.96 II 6545.97 II 6781.45 II 6787.85 II 6812.86 II 6819.27 II 7193.17 I 7291.06 I 7387.69 I 7657.60 I 7659.15 I 7659.90 I 7691.55 I 7877.05 II 7896.37 II 8098.72 I 8115.22 II 8120.43 II 8209.84 I 8213.03 I 8213.99 II 8234.64 II 8310.26 I 8346.12 I 8710.18 I

Intensity 12 13 10 17 11 14 10 11 20 10 14 13 12 30 10 10 25 17 19 20 12 11 15 15 17 18 14 35 11 10 25 27 28 15 14 45 30 28 35 30 25 10 30 5

Wavelength/Å 8712.69 I 8717.83 I 8734.99 II 8736.02 I 8745.66 II 8806.76 I 8824.32 II 8835.08 II 8923.57 I 8997.16 I 9218.25 II 9244.27 II 9246.50 I 9255.78 I 9327.54 II 9340.54 II 9414.96 I 9429.81 I 9432.76 I 9438.78 I 9631.89 II 9632.43 II 9953.20 I 9983.20 I 9986.47 I 9993.21 I 10092.16 II 10811.08 I 10914.23 II 10951.78 II 10953.32 I 10957.30 I 10965.45 I 11032.10 I 11033.66 I 11828.18 I 12083.66 I 14877.62 I 15024.99 I 15040.24 I 15047.70 I 15765.84 I 17108.66 I 26392.90 I

Manganese Mn Z = 25 600 410.30 600 410.60 600 415.62 650 415.98 600 428.59 600 435.67 1000 441.72 850 442.49 60 579.79 60 581.44 60 581.65 60 585.21 90 1242.25 90 1244.50 95 1251.93 95 1257.28

V V V V V V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV

Intensity 90 500 400 300 1000 800 500 h 1000 2000 500 80 80 20 30 50 40 30 20 20 85 85 80 80 30 20 50 20 75 30 20 d 100 20 30 80 20 20 30 50 30 500 800 20 20 20 500 1000 30 20 d 30 20 500 30 9700 14000 18000 1000 w 500 w 50 40 40 500

Wavelength/Å 1264.41 IV 1283.58 III 1287.59 III 1291.62 III 1360.72 III 1365.20 III 1609.17 III 1614.14 III 1620.60 III 1633.80 III 1667.00 IV 1698.30 IV 1726.47 II 1732.70 II 1733.55 II 1734.49 II 1737.93 II 1740.16 II 1742.00 II 1742.10 IV 1766.27 IV 1795.65 IV 1795.79 IV 1853.27 II 1857.92 II 1902.95 II 1907.84 II 1910.25 IV 1911.41 II 1914.68 II 1915.10 II 1918.64 II 1919.64 II 1921.25 II 1923.07 II 1923.34 II 1925.52 II 1926.59 II 1931.40 II 1941.28 III 1943.21 III 1945.15 II 1947.93 II 1950.14 II 1952.36 III 1952.52 III 1953.23 II 1954.81 II 1959.25 II 1969.24 II 1978.95 III 1994.23 II 1996.06 I 1999.51 I 2003.85 I 2027.83 III 2028.14 III 2037.31 II 2037.64 II 2039.97 II 2049.68 III

Intensity 500 1000 30 900 800 600 1500 500 20 500 500 20 1700 30 1000 700 900 800 800 290 540 900 770 1000 20 20 50 30 30 20 30 50 30 20 30 20 20 20 50 50 30 80 100 30 100 50 80 50 100 50 30 75 30 95 30 150 30 580 480 12000 550

Wavelength/Å 2066.38 III 2069.02 III 2076.21 II 2077.38 III 2084.23 III 2090.05 III 2092.16 I 2094.78 III 2097.46 II 2097.93 III 2099.97 III 2102.50 II 2109.58 I 2113.96 II 2169.78 III 2174.15 III 2176.87 III 2181.86 III 2184.87 III 2208.81 I 2213.85 I 2220.55 III 2221.84 I 2227.42 III 2373.36 II 2427.38 II 2427.72 II 2427.94 II 2437.37 II 2437.84 II 2452.49 II 2499.00 II 2507.60 II 2516.60 II 2516.74 II 2521.66 II 2530.72 II 2531.80 II 2532.78 II 2533.33 II 2534.10 II 2534.22 II 2535.66 II 2535.98 II 2537.92 II 2541.11 II 2542.92 II 2543.45 II 2548.75 II 2551.85 II 2553.27 II 2556.57 II 2556.89 II 2558.59 II 2559.41 II 2563.65 II 2565.22 II 2572.76 I 2575.51 I 2576.10 II 2584.31 I

5/4/05 8:05:05 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 30 45 250 6200 250 95 30 45 4300 190 500 140 150 40 200 190 130 80 27 60 30 30 110 55 55 45 30 30 55 55 110 27 55 27 85 50 160 100 130 80 110 45 80 110 30 30 30 50 30 30 55 6200 5100 220 3700 110 60 30 60 30 80

Section 10.indb 45

Wavelength/Å 2588.97 II 2589.71 II 2592.94 I 2593.73 II 2595.76 I 2598.90 II 2602.72 II 2603.72 II 2605.69 II 2610.20 II 2618.14 II 2622.90 I 2624.04 I 2624.80 II 2625.58 II 2632.35 II 2638.17 II 2639.84 II 2650.99 II 2655.91 II 2666.77 II 2667.03 II 2672.59 II 2673.37 II 2674.43 II 2680.34 II 2680.68 II 2681.25 II 2684.55 II 2685.94 II 2688.25 II 2693.19 II 2695.36 II 2698.97 II 2701.00 II 2701.17 II 2701.70 II 2703.98 II 2705.74 II 2707.53 II 2708.45 II 2709.96 II 2710.33 II 2711.58 II 2716.80 II 2717.53 II 2719.01 II 2719.74 II 2722.10 II 2724.46 II 2728.61 II 2794.82 I 2798.27 I 2799.84 I 2801.06 I 2809.11 I 2815.02 II 2816.33 II 2870.08 II 2872.94 II 2879.49 II

10-45 Intensity 70 160 55 50 80 140 h 190 h 1100 1500 250 h 1900 30 55 30 330 120 200 30 250 140 170 170 160 140 h 220 1000 300 850 330 650 100 310 310 220 180 180 200 720 50 360 360 h 290 180 140 50 100 360 1100 1300 1100 390 2200 720 1400 720 290 150 420 420 360

Wavelength/Å 2886.68 II 2889.58 II 2892.39 II 2898.70 II 2900.16 II 2914.60 I 2925.57 I 2933.06 II 2939.30 II 2940.39 I 2949.20 II 3019.92 II 3031.06 II 3035.35 II 3044.57 I 3045.59 I 3047.04 I 3050.65 II 3054.36 I 3062.12 I 3066.02 I 3070.27 I 3073.13 I 3178.50 I 3212.88 I 3228.09 I 3230.72 I 3236.78 I 3243.78 I 3248.52 I 3251.14 I 3252.95 I 3256.14 I 3258.41 I 3260.23 I 3264.71 I 3330.78 II 3441.99 II 3460.03 II 3460.33 II 3474.04 II 3474.13 II 3482.91 II 3488.68 II 3495.84 II 3496.81 II 3497.54 II 3531.85 I 3532.12 I 3547.80 I 3548.03 I 3548.20 I 3569.49 I 3569.80 I 3577.88 I 3586.54 I 3595.12 I 3601.72 III 3607.54 I 3608.49 I 3610.30 I

Intensity 290 220 140 100 280 180 210 130 130 260 110 3200 700 2100 390 200 480 1300 350 670 350 120 130 150 190 150 1500 150 27000 19000 11000 1500 5600 210 d 1100 150 1900 210 1100 150 730 730 290 730 730 1100 1100 200 150 120 150 120 370 510 190 290 290 270 50 350 210

Wavelength/Å 3619.28 I 3623.79 I 3629.74 I 3660.40 I 3693.67 I 3696.57 I 3706.08 I 3718.93 I 3731.93 I 3790.22 I 3800.55 I 3806.72 I 3809.59 I 3823.51 I 3823.89 I 3829.68 I 3833.86 I 3834.36 I 3839.78 I 3841.08 I 3843.98 I 3926.47 I 3982.58 I 3985.24 I 3986.83 I 3987.10 I 4018.10 I 4026.44 I 4030.76 I 4033.07 I 4034.49 I 4035.73 I 4041.36 I 4045.13 I 4048.76 I 4055.21 I 4055.54 I 4057.95 I 4058.93 I 4059.39 I 4061.74 I 4063.53 I 4070.28 I 4079.24 I 4079.42 I 4082.94 I 4083.63 I 4110.90 I 4131.12 I 4135.04 I 4176.60 I 4189.99 I 4235.14 I 4235.29 I 4239.72 I 4257.66 I 4265.92 I 4281.10 I 4323.63 II 4414.88 I 4436.35 I

Intensity 800 160 130 160 110 210 270 150 510 290 200 130 170 240 240 160 180 130 1000 180 750 300 500 940 1000 19 30 200 150 60 50 50 85 160 19 95 95 50 95 35 85 35 150 12 60 200 40 30 50 40 21 200 140 200 290 200 17 24 14 h 12 14

Wavelength/Å 4451.59 I 4453.00 I 4455.01 I 4455.32 I 4455.82 I 4457.55 I 4458.26 I 4461.08 I 4462.02 I 4464.68 I 4470.14 I 4472.79 I 4490.08 I 4498.90 I 4502.22 I 4709.72 I 4727.48 I 4739.11 I 4754.04 I 4761.53 I 4762.38 I 4765.86 I 4766.43 I 4783.42 I 4823.52 I 5004.91 I 5074.79 I 5079.20 III 5100.03 III 5117.94 I 5150.89 I 5196.59 I 5255.32 I 5341.06 I 5349.88 I 5377.63 I 5394.67 I 5399.49 I 5407.42 I 5413.69 I 5420.36 I 5432.55 I 5454.07 III 5457.47 I 5470.64 I 5474.68 III 5481.40 I 5505.87 I 5516.77 I 5537.76 I 5551.98 I 5946.65 III 6013.50 I 6016.64 I 6021.80 I 6231.21 III 6440.97 I 6491.71 I 6942.52 I 6989.96 I 7069.84 I

5/4/05 8:05:07 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-46 Intensity 12 24 h 35 h 50 12 12 h 12 h 17 h 30 h

Wavelength/Å 7184.25 I 7283.82 I 7302.89 I 7326.51 I 7680.20 I 8672.06 I 8701.05 I 8703.76 I 8740.93 I

Mercury 198 Hg Z = 80 80 1250.564 8 1259.242 100 1268.825 5 1307.751 20 1402.619 10 1435.503 1000 1849.492 60 2262.210 20 2302.065 20 2345.440 100 2378.325 20 2380.004 40 2399.349 20 2399.729 20 2446.900 15 2464.064 40 2481.999 30 2482.713 40 2483.821 90 2534.769 15000 2536.506 25 2563.861 25 2576.290 250 2652.043 400 2653.683 100 2655.130 50 2698.831 80 2752.783 20 2759.710 40 2803.471 30 2804.438 750 2847.675 50 2856.939 150 2893.598 150 2916.227 60 2925.413 1200 2967.283 300 3021.500 120 3023.476 30 3025.608 50 3027.490 400 3125.670 320 3131.551 320 3131.842 80 3341.481 2800 3650.157 300 3654.839 80 3662.883 240 3663.281 30 3701.432 35 3704.170

Section 10.indb 46

I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity 30 20 60 200 1800 150 40 250 400 4000 80 1100 160 240 280 20 30 160 250 240

Wavelength/Å 3801.660 I 3901.867 I 3906.372 I 3983.839 II 4046.572 I 4077.838 I 4108.057 I 4339.224 I 4347.496 I 4358.337 I 4916.068 I 5460.753 I 5675.922 I 5769.598 I 5790.663 I 6072.713 I 6234.402 I 6716.429 I 6907.461 I 11287.407 I

Mercury Hg 3 2 2 1 400 300 150 200 100 50 1 2 5 800 2 80 8 100 5 300 400 400 80 200 20 200 10 15 120 20 150 50 200 9 100 100 120 250 15 20

Z = 80 621.44 679.68 878.59 886.48 893.08 915.83 923.39 940.80 962.74 969.13 988.89 1009.29 1068.03 1099.26 1161.95 1250.58 1259.24 1268.82 1307.75 1307.93 1321.71 1331.74 1350.07 1361.27 1402.62 1414.43 1435.51 1619.46 1623.95 1628.25 1649.94 1653.64 1672.41 1681.40 1702.73 1707.40 1727.18 1732.14 1759.75 1775.68

III III III III II II II II II II III III III II III I I I I II II II II II I II I II II II II II II III II II II II III I

Intensity 40 30 200 60 30 40 400 5 1000 160 300 200 1 20 30 300 100 200 150 90 90 70 5 60 20 7 15 5 20 20 100 20 4 40 20 10 60 50 8 5 20 15 5 40 30 40 7 90 15000 25 25 5 2 4 15 5 250 400 100 3 5

Wavelength/Å 1783.70 II 1796.22 II 1796.90 II 1798.74 II 1803.89 II 1808.29 II 1820.34 II 1832.74 I 1849.50 I 1869.23 II 1870.55 II 1875.54 II 1894.77 III 1900.28 II 1927.60 II 1942.27 II 1972.94 II 1973.89 II 1987.98 II 2026.97 II 2052.93 II 2148.00 II 2247.55 I 2262.23 II 2302.06 I 2314.15 III 2323.20 I 2340.57 I 2345.43 I 2352.48 I 2378.32 I 2380.00 I 2380.55 III 2399.38 I 2399.73 I 2400.49 I 2407.35 II 2414.13 II 2431.65 III 2441.06 I 2446.90 I 2464.06 I 2480.56 III 2482.00 I 2482.72 I 2483.82 I 2484.50 III 2534.77 I 2536.52 I 2563.86 I 2576.29 I 2578.91 I 2612.92 III 2617.97 III 2625.19 I 2639.78 I 2652.04 I 2653.69 I 2655.13 I 2670.49 III 2674.91 I

Intensity 50 50 80 70 80 20 6 40 30 2 2 150 3 750 50 150 150 60 150 400 1200 300 120 30 50 15 400 320 320 400 400 5 12 80 100 8 5 400 3 4 200 5 2800 300 80 240 30 35 30 15 100 20 60 100 200 1800 150 40 70 10 100

Wavelength/Å 2698.83 I 2699.38 I 2705.36 II 2724.43 III 2752.78 I 2759.71 I 2769.22 III 2803.46 I 2804.43 I 2805.34 I 2806.77 I 2814.93 II 2844.76 III 2847.68 II 2856.94 I 2893.60 I 2916.27 II 2925.41 I 2935.94 II 2947.08 II 2967.28 I 3021.50 I 3023.47 I 3025.61 I 3027.49 I 3090.05 III 3125.67 I 3131.55 I 3131.84 I 3208.20 II 3264.06 II 3283.02 III 3312.28 III 3341.48 I 3385.25 II 3389.01 III 3450.77 III 3451.69 II 3500.35 III 3538.88 III 3549.42 II 3557.24 III 3650.15 I 3654.84 I 3662.88 I 3663.28 I 3701.44 I 3704.17 I 3801.66 I 3803.51 III 3806.38 II 3901.87 I 3906.37 I 3918.92 II 3983.96 II 4046.56 I 4077.83 I 4108.05 I 4122.07 III 4140.34 III 4216.74 III

5/4/05 8:05:10 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 250 400 4000 100 15 12 90 50 80 10 5 5 80 5 80 5 20 40 100 20 30 20 5 60 30 1100 30 160 6 240 100 280 140 60 60 20 20 1000 25 30 35 40 80 10 6 30 160 250 250 200 40 100 12 20 7 100 25 50 5 2000 240

Section 10.indb 47

Wavelength/Å 4339.22 I 4347.49 I 4358.33 I 4398.62 II 4470.58 III 4552.84 III 4660.28 II 4797.01 III 4855.72 II 4869.85 III 4883.00 I 4889.91 I 4916.07 I 4970.37 I 4973.57 III 4980.64 I 5102.70 I 5120.64 I 5128.45 II 5137.94 I 5210.82 III 5290.74 I 5316.78 I 5354.05 I 5384.63 I 5460.74 I 5549.63 I 5675.86 I 5695.71 III 5769.60 I 5789.66 I 5790.66 I 5803.78 I 5859.25 I 5871.73 II 5871.98 I 6072.72 I 6149.50 II 6220.35 III 6234.40 I 6418.98 III 6501.38 III 6521.13 II 6584.26 III 6610.12 III 6709.29 III 6716.43 I 6907.52 I 7081.90 I 7091.86 I 7346.37 II 7485.87 II 7517.46 III 7728.82 I 7808.10 III 7944.66 II 7946.75 III 7984.51 III 8151.64 III 10139.75 I 11287.40 I

10-47 Intensity 120 140 60 80 500 450 200 500 100 400 300 500 400 20 20 20 70 30 50 40 250

Wavelength/Å 13209.95 I 13426.57 I 13468.38 I 13505.58 I 13570.21 I 13673.51 I 13950.55 I 15295.82 I 16881.48 I 16920.16 I 16942.00 I 17072.79 I 17109.93 I 17116.75 I 17198.67 I 17213.20 I 17329.41 I 17436.18 I 18130.38 I 19700.17 I 22493.28 I 23253.07 I 32148.06 I 36303.03 I

Molybdenum Mo Z = 42 50 867.92 100 884.19 60 886.05 50 891.74 100 1169.33 100 1254.93 100 1258.52 100 1262.21 100 1263.74 100 1274.37 100 1276.40 200 1277.40 200 1277.58 200 1278.40 150 1281.90 150 1283.60 100 1854.73 80 1926.26 100 1929.24 80 1971.06 70 2010.92 19000 2015.11 40000 2020.30 21000 2038.44 17000 2045.98 50 2060.38 4800 2081.68 2400 2089.52 2200 2092.50 4000 2093.11 2700 2100.84 1500 2104.29 1400 2108.02 100 2184.37 100 2211.02 400 2269.69

IV IV IV IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV IV IV IV II II II II IV II II II II II II II III III II

Intensity 150 200 160 160 150 110 190 100 110 140 120 85 200 440 330 80 85 250 250 400 440 330 720 410 600 370 640 480 560 h 640 720 250 1000 95 640 880 560 480 190 290 85 140 80 330 160 80 h 290 110 220 240 160 190 1700 65 880 400 100 400 1700 220 80

Wavelength/Å 2269.71 III 2294.97 III 2304.25 II 2306.97 II 2330.93 III 2332.12 II 2341.59 II 2359.76 III 2389.20 II 2403.61 II 2413.01 II 2498.28 II 2506.19 III 2538.46 II 2542.67 II 2558.88 II 2564.34 II 2593.70 II 2602.80 II 2616.78 I 2629.85 I 2636.67 II 2638.76 II 2640.99 I 2644.35 II 2646.49 II 2649.46 I 2653.35 II 2655.03 I 2660.58 II 2672.84 II 2673.27 II 2679.85 I 2681.36 II 2683.23 II 2684.14 II 2687.99 II 2701.42 II 2713.51 II 2717.35 II 2726.97 II 2729.68 II 2730.20 II 2732.88 II 2736.96 II 2737.88 II 2746.30 II 2756.07 II 2763.62 II 2769.76 II 2773.78 II 2774.39 II 2775.40 II 2777.86 II 2780.04 II 2784.99 II 2807.74 III 2807.76 II 2816.15 II 2817.44 II 2827.74 II

Intensity 80 80 160 1700 370 370 220 1700 85 220 65 1300 95 190 950 140 70 290 80 600 1100 120 1300 140 1100 800 95 110 150 140 95 125 95 240 70 95 250 210 70 250 80 95 95 100 800 250 800 85 800 270 190 560 560 1400 290 14000 110 220 55 6000 8700

Wavelength/Å 2834.39 II 2835.33 II 2842.15 II 2848.23 II 2853.23 II 2863.81 II 2866.69 II 2871.51 II 2872.88 II 2879.05 II 2888.15 II 2890.99 II 2891.28 II 2892.81 II 2894.45 II 2897.63 II 2900.80 II 2903.07 II 2907.12 II 2909.12 II 2911.92 II 2918.83 II 2923.39 II 2924.32 II 2930.50 II 2934.30 II 2940.10 II 2941.22 II 2944.82 II 2946.69 II 2947.28 II 2947.32 III 2955.84 II 2956.06 II 2956.90 II 2960.24 II 2963.79 II 2965.27 II 2971.91 II 2972.61 II 2975.40 II 2992.84 II 3027.77 II 3060.78 II 3064.28 I 3065.04 II 3074.37 I 3077.66 II 3085.62 I 3087.62 II 3092.07 II 3094.66 I 3101.34 I 3112.12 I 3122.00 II 3132.59 I 3138.72 II 3152.82 II 3155.64 II 3158.16 I 3170.35 I

5/4/05 8:05:12 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-48 Intensity 95 160 120 d 7600 880 3000 560 880 600 1100 950 65 950 480 800 200 1100 950 190 100 190 640 1300 95 1600 950 950 1900 130 640 1300 640 130 3200 640 950 640 800 560 480 640 520 400 1400 1400 1000 400 540 590 1300 65 180 1400 500 80 29000 520 940 1700 29000 580

Section 10.indb 48

Wavelength/Å 3172.03 II 3172.74 II 3187.59 II 3193.97 I 3205.88 I 3208.83 I 3215.07 I 3228.22 I 3229.79 I 3233.14 I 3237.08 I 3240.71 II 3256.21 I 3264.40 I 3270.90 I 3271.69 III 3289.02 I 3290.82 I 3292.31 II 3313.62 II 3320.90 II 3323.95 I 3344.75 I 3346.40 II 3358.12 I 3363.78 I 3379.97 I 3384.62 I 3395.36 II 3404.34 I 3405.94 I 3437.22 I 3446.08 II 3447.12 I 3449.07 I 3456.39 I 3460.78 I 3504.41 I 3508.12 I 3521.41 I 3537.28 I 3558.10 I 3563.14 I 3581.89 I 3624.46 I 3635.43 I 3657.35 I 3664.81 I 3672.82 I 3680.60 I 3688.31 II 3692.64 II 3694.94 I 3727.69 I 3744.37 II 3798.25 I 3826.70 I 3828.87 I 3833.75 I 3864.11 I 3869.08 I

Intensity 580 19000 65 1400 2300 1300 940 730 630 2900 480 2500 1500 890 1200 1400 680 890 840 1900 2500 990 480 630 400 460 640 700 770 410 410 180 80 65 100 50 200 100 100 130 130 80 150 110 80 100 160 d 230 h 160 h 110 50 50 80 65 100 460 h 230 h 110 h 100 150 65

Wavelength/Å 3886.82 I 3902.96 I 3941.48 II 4062.08 I 4069.88 I 4081.44 I 4084.38 I 4107.47 I 4120.10 I 4143.55 I 4185.82 I 4188.32 I 4232.59 I 4276.91 I 4277.24 I 4288.64 I 4292.13 I 4293.21 I 4326.14 I 4381.64 I 4411.57 I 4434.95 I 4457.36 I 4474.56 I 4536.80 I 4626.47 I 4707.26 I 4731.44 I 4760.19 I 4819.25 I 4830.51 I 5014.60 I 5029.00 I 5030.78 I 5047.71 I 5055.00 I 5059.88 I 5080.02 I 5096.65 I 5097.52 I 5109.71 I 5114.97 I 5145.38 I 5147.39 I 5163.19 I 5167.76 I 5171.08 I 5172.94 I 5174.18 I 5200.17 I 5200.74 I 5211.86 I 5219.40 I 5231.06 I 5234.26 I 5238.20 I 5240.88 I 5242.81 I 5245.51 I 5259.04 I 5261.14 I

Intensity 65 210 55 55 55 80 65 560 hl 110 hl 65 50 55 65 50 7800 5200 50 55 2500 100 330 50 230 55 460 80 210 620 520 55 h 50 h 520 50 820 50 h 160 h 35 1300 40 40 35 100 230 50 110 50 35 40 35 110 150 40 40 140 27 40 h 45 h 45 h

Wavelength/Å 5279.65 I 5280.86 I 5292.08 I 5295.47 I 5313.89 I 5354.88 I 5356.48 I 5360.56 I 5364.28 I 5394.52 I 5400.47 I 5435.68 I 5437.75 I 5501.54 I 5506.49 I 5533.05 I 5543.12 I 5556.28 I 5570.45 I 5610.93 I 5632.47 I 5634.86 I 5650.13 I 5674.47 I 5689.14 I 5705.72 I 5722.74 I 5751.40 I 5791.85 I 5849.73 I 5851.52 I 5858.27 I 5869.33 I 5888.33 I 5893.38 I 5928.88 I 6025.49 I 6030.66 I 6101.87 I 6357.22 I 6401.07 I 6424.37 I 6619.13 I 6650.38 I 6733.98 I 6746.27 I 6753.97 I 6838.88 I 6914.01 I 7109.87 I 7242.50 I 7245.85 I 7391.36 I 7485.74 I 7720.77 I 8328.44 I 8389.32 I 8483.39 I

Neodymium Nd Z = 60 75 2764.98 80 2993.20

I II

Intensity 95 95 95 140 130 160 240 260 290 220 170 170 150 220 220 320 290 410 320 410 470 370 410 470 540 540 580 1200 440 410 410 470 640 d 470 410 410 780 410 710 470 1000 d 440 1000 580 510 930 930 510 1400 710 580 510 2400 370 1200 2500 470 540 440 580 710

Wavelength/Å 3007.97 II 3014.19 II 3018.35 II 3056.71 II 3069.73 II 3075.38 II 3092.92 II 3115.18 II 3133.60 II 3134.90 II 3141.46 II 3142.44 II 3203.47 II 3259.24 II 3265.12 II 3275.22 II 3285.10 II 3328.28 II 3353.59 II 3560.75 II 3587.51 II 3615.82 II 3653.15 II 3662.26 II 3665.18 II 3672.36 II 3673.54 II 3685.80 II 3687.30 II 3689.69 II 3697.56 II 3713.70 II 3714.73 II 3715.68 II 3718.54 II 3721.35 II 3723.50 II 3724.87 II 3728.13 II 3730.58 II 3735.54 II 3737.10 II 3738.06 II 3752.49 II 3757.82 II 3758.95 II 3763.47 II 3769.65 II 3775.50 II 3779.47 II 3780.40 II 3781.32 II 3784.25 II 3801.12 II 3803.47 II 3805.36 II 3807.23 II 3808.77 II 3809.06 II 3810.49 II 3814.73 II

5/4/05 8:05:15 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 410 1200 540 440 510 740 1700 410 d 1700 d 1500 470 2400 d 3700 d 850 470 1100 1000 780 1200 540 1300 1300 1300 580 470 810 440 2000 1300 1700 510 2000 850 440 610 1100 510 610 410 510 2000 2000 810 590 510 1400 1100 740 740 740 470 1400 1000 1100 410 540 410 3700 540 1000 1000

Section 10.indb 49

Wavelength/Å 3822.47 II 3826.42 II 3828.85 II 3829.16 II 3830.47 II 3836.54 II 3838.98 II 3841.82 II 3848.24 II 3848.52 II 3850.22 II 3851.66 II 3863.33 II 3869.07 II 3875.87 II 3878.58 II 3879.55 II 3880.38 II 3880.78 II 3887.87 II 3889.93 II 3890.58 II 3890.94 II 3891.51 II 3892.06 II 3894.63 II 3897.63 II 3900.21 II 3901.84 II 3905.89 II 3907.84 II 3911.16 II 3912.23 II 3915.13 II 3915.95 II 3920.96 II 3927.10 II 3934.82 II 3936.11 II 3938.86 II 3941.51 II 3951.16 II 3952.20 II 3958.00 II 3962.21 II 3963.12 II 3973.30 II 3973.69 II 3976.85 II 3979.49 II 3986.25 II 3990.10 II 3991.74 II 3994.68 II 4000.50 II 4004.02 II 4007.43 II 4012.25 II 4012.70 II 4020.87 II 4021.34 II

10-49 Intensity 1000 1200 410 1200 3000 410 410 850 850 4700 1100 710 470 470 1400 2500 510 410 470 510 3000 510 410 810 2400 640 470 470 440 1300 2000 850 410 470 710 5400 470 1100 510 540 680 850 470 d 710 540 510 580 1400 740 410 250 340 340 340 300 510 340 250 300 310 470

Wavelength/Å 4021.78 II 4023.00 II 4030.47 II 4031.82 II 4040.80 II 4043.59 II 4048.81 II 4051.15 II 4059.96 II 4061.09 II 4069.28 II 4075.12 II 4075.28 II 4080.23 II 4109.08 II 4109.46 II 4110.48 II 4123.88 II 4133.36 II 4135.33 II 4156.08 II 4156.26 II 4168.00 II 4175.61 II 4177.32 II 4179.59 II 4205.60 II 4211.29 II 4227.73 II 4232.38 II 4247.38 II 4252.44 II 4261.84 II 4282.44 II 4284.52 II 4303.58 II 4314.52 II 4325.76 II 4327.93 II 4338.70 II 4351.29 II 4358.17 II 4374.93 II 4385.66 II 4400.83 II 4411.06 II 4446.39 II 4451.57 II 4462.99 II 4501.82 II 4516.36 II 4541.27 II 4542.61 II 4563.22 II 4621.94 I 4634.24 I 4641.10 I 4645.77 II 4649.67 I 4683.45 I 4706.54 II

Intensity 240 240 350 280 350 220 240 280 210 330 470 260 290 290 250 360 360 360 340 680 500 630 330 310 450 250 720 360 590 680 220 500 290 160 240 220 140 d 220 130 160 100 160 80 70 80 55 45 45 55 45 45 55 65 45 45 40 40 35 40 29 24

Wavelength/Å 4719.02 I 4811.34 II 4825.48 II 4859.02 II 4883.81 I 4890.70 II 4891.07 I 4896.93 I 4901.84 I 4920.68 II 4924.53 I 4944.83 I 4954.78 I 4959.13 II 4989.94 II 5076.59 II 5092.80 II 5107.59 II 5123.79 II 5130.60 II 5191.45 II 5192.62 II 5200.12 II 5212.37 II 5234.20 II 5239.79 II 5249.59 II 5255.51 II 5273.43 II 5293.17 II 5311.46 II 5319.82 II 5361.47 II 5431.53 II 5594.43 II 5620.54 I 5675.97 I 5688.53 II 5702.24 II 5708.28 II 5729.29 I 5804.02 II 5811.57 II 5825.87 II 5842.39 II 5858.91 I 6007.67 I 6034.24 II 6066.03 I 6178.59 I 6223.39 I 6310.49 I 6385.20 II 6630.14 I 6650.57 II 6740.11 II 6900.43 II 7037.30 II 7066.89 II 7129.35 II 7189.42 II

Intensity 20 15 12 10 10 12 17 12 10 12 10 10 12 12 12 12 15 12 12 10 12 12 12 10 10 12 17

Wavelength/Å 7192.01 II 7236.54 II 7316.81 II 7406.62 II 7418.18 II 7511.16 II 7513.73 II 7528.99 II 7538.26 II 7696.56 II 7750.95 II 7808.47 II 7863.04 II 7917.01 II 7958.95 I 7965.73 II 7982.09 II 7982.68 II 8000.76 II 8120.93 II 8122.07 II 8141.75 II 8143.27 II 8231.52 II 8307.72 II 8346.36 II 8839.10 II

Neon Ne Z = 10 66 119.01 200 122.52 66 125.12 45 131.99 50 132.04 150 140.76 150 140.79 100 142.44 100 142.50 150 142.72 100 143.27 150 143.34 150 147.13 66 151.23 120 151.42 15 151.82 15 152.23 45 154.50 15 158.65 15 158.82 100 164.02 100 164.14 80 172.62 500 173.93 80 177.16 150 186.58 100 194.28 100 208.48 100 208.73 80 208.90 150 212.56 140 223.24 120 223.60

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V IV IV V IV IV V V IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV

5/4/05 8:05:17 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-50 Intensity 140 120 20 20 20 40 40 20 40 160 110 40 220 220 220 40 90 60 50 400 500 200 500 90 60 1000 220 125 100 150 120 800 150 200 300 250 180 150 200 10 120 90 1000 500 140 200 180 140 250 150 250 500 285 220 450 70 220 360 120 140 80

Section 10.indb 50

Wavelength/Å 234.32 IV 234.70 IV 251.14 III 251.56 III 251.73 III 267.06 III 267.52 III 267.71 III 283.18 III 283.21 III 283.69 III 283.89 III 301.12 III 313.05 III 313.68 III 313.95 III 352.956 I 354.962 I 357.83 IV 357.96 V 358.47 V 358.72 IV 359.38 V 361.433 II 362.455 II 365.59 V 379.31 III 387.14 IV 388.22 IV 405.854 II 407.138 II 416.20 V 421.61 IV 445.040 II 446.256 II 446.590 II 447.815 II 454.654 II 455.274 II 456.275 II 456.348 II 456.896 II 460.728 II 462.391 II 469.77 IV 469.82 IV 469.87 IV 469.92 IV 480.41 V 481.28 V 481.36 V 482.99 V 488.10 III 488.87 III 489.50 III 489.64 III 490.31 III 491.05 III 521.74 IV 521.82 IV 541.13 IV

Intensity 100 150 400 250 500 250 800 35 35 35 70 100 75 35 70 170 170 170 120 200 200 1000 400 60 70 90 100 90 20 110 160 90 90 90 120 180 100 100 200 500 300 200 100 c 80 65 110 80 150 200 300 240 400 180 120 200 300 200 30 200 200 240

Wavelength/Å 542.07 IV 543.89 IV 568.42 V 569.76 V 569.83 V 572.11 V 572.34 V 587.213 I 589.179 I 589.911 I 591.830 I 595.920 I 598.706 I 598.891 I 600.036 I 602.726 I 615.628 I 618.672 I 619.102 I 626.823 I 629.739 I 735.896 I 743.720 I 993.88 I 1068.65 I 1131.72 I 1131.85 II 1229.83 I 1255.03 III 1255.68 III 1257.19 III 1418.38 I 1428.58 I 1436.09 I 1681.68 II 1688.36 II 1888.11 II 1889.71 II 1907.49 II 1916.08 II 1930.03 II 1938.83 II 1945.46 II 2007.01 II 2018.44 IV 2022.19 IV 2025.56 II 2085.47 II 2086.96 III 2089.43 III 2092.44 III 2095.54 III 2096.11 II 2096.25 II 2161.22 III 2163.77 III 2180.89 III 2203.88 IV 2209.35 III 2211.85 III 2213.76 III

Intensity 300 10 75 110 65 250 65 175 240 65 110 200 250 550 30 250 250 450 700 250 250 110 350 65 350 300 240 200 200 80 p 90 w 800 600 400 300 240 200 80 80 90 w 80 200 200 80 600 500 80 90 80 100 80 80 90 90 80 80 80 80 w 80 90 150

Wavelength/Å 2216.07 III 2220.81 IV 2227.42 V 2232.41 V 2245.48 V 2258.02 IV 2259.57 V 2262.08 IV 2263.21 III 2263.39 V 2264.54 IV 2264.91 III 2265.71 V 2285.79 IV 2293.14 IV 2293.49 IV 2350.84 IV 2352.52 IV 2357.96 IV 2362.68 IV 2363.28 IV 2365.49 IV 2372.16 IV 2384.20 IV 2384.95 IV 2412.73 III 2412.94 III 2413.78 III 2473.40 III 2562.12 II 2567.12 II 2590.04 III 2593.60 III 2595.68 III 2610.03 III 2613.41 III 2615.87 III 2623.11 II 2629.89 II 2636.07 II 2638.29 II 2638.70 III 2641.07 III 2644.10 II 2677.90 III 2678.64 III 2762.92 II 2792.02 II 2794.22 II 2809.48 II 2906.59 II 2906.82 II 2910.06 II 2910.41 II 2911.14 II 2915.12 II 2925.62 II 2932.10 II 2940.65 II 2946.04 II 2955.72 II

Intensity 150 150 100 15 100 12 150 120 p 300 300 100 120 100 100 100 100 100 120 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 120 100 120 100 100 100 100 120 10 300 100 100 p 100 100 100 120 500 60 120 120 150 150 120 120 200 120 120 150 100 100 100 100 150 150 300

Wavelength/Å 2963.24 II 2967.18 II 2973.10 II 2974.72 I 2979.46 II 2982.67 I 3001.67 II 3017.31 II 3027.02 II 3028.86 II 3030.79 II 3034.46 II 3035.92 II 3037.72 II 3039.59 II 3044.09 II 3045.56 II 3047.56 II 3054.34 II 3054.68 II 3059.11 II 3062.49 II 3063.30 II 3070.89 II 3071.53 II 3075.73 II 3088.17 II 3092.09 II 3092.90 II 3094.01 II 3095.10 II 3097.13 II 3117.98 II 3118.16 II 3126.199 I 3141.33 II 3143.72 II 3148.68 II 3164.43 II 3165.65 II 3188.74 II 3194.58 II 3198.59 II 3208.96 II 3209.36 II 3213.74 II 3214.33 II 3218.19 II 3224.82 II 3229.57 II 3230.07 II 3230.42 II 3232.02 II 3232.37 II 3243.40 II 3244.10 II 3248.34 II 3250.36 II 3297.73 II 3309.74 II 3319.72 II

5/4/05 8:05:19 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 1000 150 100 200 150 300 150 200 120 200 120 100 120 12 40 100 500 150 120 300 100 120 100 120 120 50 15 120 60 50 100 100 25 30 30 60 150 200 200 25 30 25 150 120 120 100 250 100 200 50 30 15 20 150 200 20 12 200 10 150 250

Section 10.indb 51

Wavelength/Å 3323.74 II 3327.15 II 3329.16 II 3334.84 II 3344.40 II 3345.45 II 3345.83 II 3355.02 II 3357.82 II 3360.60 II 3362.16 II 3362.71 II 3367.22 II 3369.808 I 3369.908 I 3371.80 II 3378.22 II 3388.42 II 3388.94 II 3392.80 II 3404.82 II 3406.95 II 3413.15 II 3416.91 II 3417.69 II 3417.904 I 3418.006 I 3428.69 II 3447.703 I 3454.195 I 3456.61 II 3459.32 II 3460.524 I 3464.339 I 3466.579 I 3472.571 I 3479.52 II 3480.72 II 3481.93 II 3498.064 I 3501.216 I 3515.191 I 3520.472 I 3542.85 II 3557.80 II 3561.20 II 3568.50 II 3574.18 II 3574.61 II 3593.526 I 3593.640 I 3600.169 I 3633.665 I 3643.93 II 3664.07 II 3682.243 I 3685.736 I 3694.21 II 3701.225 I 3709.62 II 3713.08 II

10-51 Intensity 250 800 1000 100 120 150 100 120 120 70 150 100 200 150 150 100 100 100 p 100 p 150 p 150 p 120 100 10 10 100 15 12 10 10 15 10 12 10 10 10 4 10 10 25 20 8 60 5 10 5 12 80 12 40 500 100 100 60 60 100 100 100 120 80 100

Wavelength/Å 3727.11 II 3766.26 II 3777.13 II 3818.43 II 3829.75 II 4219.74 II 4233.85 II 4250.65 II 4369.86 II 4379.40 II 4379.55 II 4385.06 II 4391.99 II 4397.99 II 4409.30 II 4413.22 II 4421.39 II 4428.52 II 4428.63 II 4430.90 II 4430.94 II 4457.05 II 4522.72 II 4537.754 I 4540.380 I 4569.06 II 4704.395 I 4708.862 I 4710.067 I 4712.066 I 4715.347 I 4752.732 I 4788.927 I 4790.22 I 4827.344 I 4884.917 I 5005.159 I 5037.751 I 5144.938 I 5330.778 I 5341.094 I 5343.283 I 5400.562 I 5562.766 I 5656.659 I 5719.225 I 5748.298 I 5764.419 I 5804.450 I 5820.156 I 5852.488 I 5872.828 I 5881.895 I 5902.462 I 5906.429 I 5944.834 I 5965.471 I 5974.627 I 5975.534 I 5987.907 I 6029.997 I

Intensity 100 80 60 100 120 250 150 150 60 100 120 200 150 60 150 70 90 20 100 90 100 50 80 100 150 150 100 150 40 90 100 150 80 60 100 120 300 120 400 700 2000 2000 100 1000 600 3000 2500 100 2500 800 6000 100 1500 100 8000 1000 4000 1500 800 5000 600

Wavelength/Å 6074.338 I 6096.163 I 6128.450 I 6143.063 I 6163.594 I 6182.146 I 6217.281 I 6266.495 I 6304.789 I 6334.428 I 6382.992 I 6402.246 I 6506.528 I 6532.882 I 6598.953 I 6652.093 I 6678.276 I 6717.043 I 6929.467 I 7024.050 I 7032.413 I 7051.292 I 7059.107 I 7173.938 I 7213.20 II 7235.19 II 7245.167 I 7343.94 II 7472.439 I 7488.871 I 7492.10 II 7522.82 II 7535.774 I 7544.044 I 7724.628 I 7740.74 II 7839.055 I 7926.20 II 7927.118 I 7936.996 I 7943.181 I 8082.458 I 8084.34 II 8118.549 I 8128.911 I 8136.406 I 8259.379 I 8264.81 II 8266.077 I 8267.117 I 8300.326 I 8315.00 II 8365.749 I 8372.11 II 8377.606 I 8417.159 I 8418.427 I 8463.358 I 8484.444 I 8495.360 I 8544.696 I

Intensity 1000 4000 6000 3000 15000 4000 100 5000 5000 2000 4000 12000 10000 500 7000 1000 1000 3000 2000 100 6000 6000 4000 2000 2000 1000 200 6000 1500 3000 6000 2000 5000 3000 5000 5000 3000 120 1000 100 800 2000 1500 2000 3000 3500 1600 1100 3000 1500 950 500 1200 300 2000 1500 500 1000 3000 800 1000

Wavelength/Å 8571.352 I 8591.259 I 8634.647 I 8647.041 I 8654.383 I 8655.522 I 8668.26 II 8679.492 I 8681.921 I 8704.112 I 8771.656 I 8780.621 I 8783.753 I 8830.907 I 8853.867 I 8865.306 I 8865.755 I 8919.501 I 8988.57 I 9079.46 II 9148.67 I 9201.76 I 9220.06 I 9221.58 I 9226.69 I 9275.52 I 9287.56 II 9300.85 I 9310.58 I 9313.97 I 9326.51 I 9373.31 I 9425.38 I 9459.21 I 9486.68 I 9534.16 I 9547.40 I 9577.01 II 9665.42 I 9808.86 II 10295.42 I 10562.41 I 10798.07 I 10844.48 I 11143.020 I 11177.528 I 11390.434 I 11409.134 I 11522.746 I 11525.020 I 11536.344 I 11601.537 I 11614.081 I 11688.002 I 11766.792 I 11789.044 I 11789.889 I 11984.912 I 12066.334 I 12459.389 I 12689.201 I

5/4/05 8:05:22 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-52 Intensity 1100 700 800 400 400 1000 350 250 2500 2000 1200 250 1200 2000 1000 1200 300 400 900 1600 350 550 1200 750 300 350 2250 400 600 1000 1050 850 3500 300 1100 1800 600 1000 200 500 600 1500 800 400 700 300 550 250 650 125 150 250 450 1300 2200 600 100 120

Wavelength/Å 12912.014 I 13219.241 I 15230.714 I 17161.930 I 18035.80 I 18083.21 I 18221.11 I 18227.02 I 18276.68 I 18282.62 I 18303.97 I 18359.12 I 18384.85 I 18389.95 I 18402.84 I 18422.39 I 18458.65 I 18475.79 I 18591.55 I 18597.70 I 18618.96 I 18625.16 I 21041.295 I 21708.145 I 22247.35 I 22428.13 I 22530.40 I 22661.81 I 23100.51 I 23260.30 I 23373.00 I 23565.36 I 23636.52 I 23701.64 I 23709.2 I 23951.42 I 23956.46 I 23978.12 I 24098.54 I 24161.42 I 24249.64 I 24365.05 I 24371.60 I 24447.85 I 24459.4 I 24776.46 I 24928.88 I 25161.69 I 25524.37 I 28386.21 I 30200. I 33173.09 I 33352.35 I 33901. I 33912.10 I 34131.31 I 34471.44 I 35834.78 I

Neptunium Np Z = 93 300 3481.93 300 h 3501.50

Section 10.indb 52

I I

Intensity 300 l 300 s 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 s 300 300 s 300 s 300 l 300 300 l 300 s 300 s 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 s 300 s 300 l 300 l 300 s 300 l 300 s 300 h 1000 s 300 l 3000 s 300 300 l 300 s 300 s 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 s 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 s 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 300 s 300 s 1000 l 300 l 1000 l 300 s 300 1000 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 h 300 s

Wavelength/Å 3986.89 I 5044.66 I 5601.70 I 5652.75 I 5784.39 I 5878.04 I 6011.22 I 6056.09 I 6073.90 I 6080.05 I 6120.49 I 6188.59 I 6200.00 I 6215.90 I 6317.84 I 6341.38 I 6566.11 I 6720.68 I 6751.32 I 6795.21 I 6802.62 I 6805.81 I 6816.44 I 6865.45 I 6907.13 I 6912.91 I 6930.31 I 6963.63 I 6972.09 I 7014.02 I 7018.91 I 7039.14 I 7080.01 I 7174.83 I 7184.93 I 7284.28 I 7292.29 I 7332.52 I 7370.60 I 7381.03 I 7381.65 I 7402.70 I 7512.22 I 7515.15 I 7546.05 I 7624.83 I 7626.85 I 7681.01 I 7685.25 I 7735.14 I 7761.61 I 7765.75 I 7776.07 I 7787.46 I 7791.38 I 7851.44 I 7887.88 I 7901.71 I 7975.98 I 8080.32 I 8124.59 I

Intensity 300 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 l 300 s 300 l 300 s 1000 l 300 300 l 3000 3000 1000 s 1000 s 1000 1000 s 1000 l 10000 l 3000 l 3000 s 3000 l 3000 s 3000 l 10000 l 10000 s 10000 l 10000 l 10000 s 10000 s 10000 l 10000 l

Wavelength/Å 8155.11 I 8167.42 I 8183.06 I 8188.61 I 8247.82 I 8287.11 I 8287.75 I 8306.22 I 8313.66 I 8339.12 I 8356.79 I 8367.11 I 8372.88 I 8529.96 I 8696.23 I 8906.02 I 8942.70 I 9004.75 I 9006.31 I 9016.18 I 9141.30 I 9379.33 I 9468.66 I 9679.13 I 9930.55 I 10091.99 I 10817.45 I 11695.15 I 11776.64 I 12148.18 I 12377.42 I 12407.99 I 13834.33 I

Nickel Ni Z = 28 55 315.24 56 315.71 72 354.18 76 354.42 68 354.49 500 630.71 500 676.94 300 713.33 300 713.38 500 718.48 300 722.09 500 729.82 400 731.70 300 732.16 300 747.99 300 750.05 300 757.80 400 770.22 500 778.81 300 788.04 500 811.57 500 826.14 500 842.14 400 845.24 300 847.43 300 860.64 300 862.88

V V V V V III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III

Intensity 300 300 300 400 500 76 74 70 73 76 73 72 75 74 74 76 73 75 74 300 300 400 1000 800 650 500 400 500 300 1000 300 550 300 400 800 500 2000 400 300 300 800 400 650 800 300 1000 2000 2000 1500 2500 3000 5000 4000 6000 1000 2000 1600 630 1000 2000 1700

Wavelength/Å 863.22 III 867.51 III 973.79 III 979.59 III 1317.22 II 1398.19 IV 1411.45 IV 1438.82 IV 1449.01 IV 1452.22 IV 1482.25 IV 1489.83 IV 1525.31 IV 1527.68 IV 1527.80 IV 1534.71 IV 1537.25 IV 1543.41 IV 1546.23 IV 1604.54 III 1652.87 III 1687.90 III 1692.51 III 1709.90 III 1715.30 III 1719.46 III 1722.28 III 1738.25 III 1739.78 III 1741.55 II 1741.96 III 1747.01 III 1752.43 III 1753.01 III 1764.69 III 1767.94 III 1769.64 III 1776.07 III 1807.24 III 1819.28 III 1823.06 III 1830.01 III 1847.28 III 1854.15 III 1858.75 III 2165.55 II 2169.10 II 2174.67 II 2175.15 II 2185.50 II 2192.09 II 2205.55 II 2206.72 II 2216.48 II 2264.46 II 2270.21 II 2289.98 I 2300.78 I 2303.00 II 2310.96 I 2312.34 I

5/4/05 8:05:24 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 1400 1400 1000 1400 2600 1900 1400 940 1200 400 1000 240 1000 2000 240 160 150 250 500 570 500 1000 4000 2200 3700 1700 3500 1500 1900 500 2600 1300 2900 1100 600 660 2000 2900 3300 1300 3300 8200 1600 2600 990 4800 1300 5000 5000 1600 550 5500 660 2600 6600 660 8200 5000 990 1300 1300

Section 10.indb 53

Wavelength/Å 2313.66 I 2313.98 I 2316.04 II 2317.16 I 2320.03 I 2321.38 I 2325.79 I 2329.96 I 2345.54 I 2347.52 I 2375.42 II 2386.58 I 2394.52 II 2416.13 II 2419.31 I 2472.06 I 2798.65 I 2821.29 I 2943.91 I 2981.65 I 2992.60 I 2994.46 I 3002.49 I 3003.63 I 3012.00 I 3037.94 I 3050.82 I 3054.32 I 3057.64 I 3064.62 I 3101.55 I 3101.88 I 3134.11 I 3232.96 I 3243.06 I 3315.66 I 3331.88 II 3369.57 I 3380.57 I 3391.05 I 3392.99 I 3414.76 I 3423.71 I 3433.56 I 3437.28 I 3446.26 I 3452.89 I 3458.47 I 3461.65 I 3472.54 I 3483.77 I 3492.96 I 3500.85 I 3510.34 I 3515.05 I 3519.77 I 3524.54 I 3566.37 I 3571.87 I 3597.70 I 3610.46 I

10-53 Intensity 530 6600 200 130 180 260 160 80 120 150 60 600 700 700 110 1200 110 110 85 55 65 75 110 45 45 40 45 45 50 100 100 65 40 h 40 h 180 23 16 10 10 10 10 10 13 16 22 10 26 16 16 23 13 19 23 16 19 19 10 13 1000 700 9

Wavelength/Å 3612.74 I 3619.39 I 3664.10 I 3669.24 I 3670.43 I 3674.15 I 3688.42 I 3693.93 I 3722.48 I 3736.81 I 3739.23 I 3775.57 I 3783.53 I 3807.14 I 3831.69 I 3858.30 I 3973.56 I 4401.55 I 4459.04 I 4470.48 I 4605.00 I 4648.66 I 4714.42 I 4786.54 I 4855.41 I 4904.41 I 4980.16 I 4984.13 I 5017.59 I 5035.37 I 5080.52 I 5081.11 I 5146.48 I 5155.76 I 5476.91 I 5709.56 I 5754.68 I 5857.76 I 5892.88 I 6108.12 I 6176.81 I 6191.18 I 6256.36 I 6643.64 I 6767.77 I 6914.56 I 7122.20 I 7393.60 I 7409.35 I 7422.28 I 7522.76 I 7555.60 I 7617.00 I 7714.32 I 7727.61 I 7748.89 I 7788.94 I 7797.59 I 8096.75 II 8121.48 II 8862.55 I

Intensity 500 w

Wavelength/Å 9900.92 II

Niobium Nb 80 80 80 80 60 400 500 500 100 150 100 60 80 80 80 100 80 100 80 80 100 60 80 60 100 100 80 80 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 100 60 3300 65 3000 2000 1700 1100 80 h 1500 80 100 80 100 80 100 370 280 100 100 80 90 80

Z = 41 464.55 468.32 763.77 774.02 993.54 1005.72 1007.05 1010.19 1116.08 1120.02 1258.87 1314.56 1445.43 1445.98 1447.09 1456.68 1484.73 1495.94 1498.02 1499.45 1501.99 1502.30 1513.81 1524.36 1524.91 1590.21 1598.86 1604.72 1639.51 1682.77 1705.44 1707.14 1758.33 1877.34 1892.92 1922.41 1938.84 1978.22 2029.32 2032.53 2032.99 2109.42 2125.21 2126.54 2130.24 2131.18 2273.92 2275.23 2279.36 2281.51 2284.40 2290.36 2295.68 2302.08 2313.30 2338.09 2344.12 2349.21 2355.54

V V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV V III III III III III III III III III III IV III IV III III III III III III III III V V III IV III IV II IV II II II II III II III III III III III III II II III III III III III

Intensity 100 80 80 100 170 110 100 140 80 45 160 80 55 55 140 100 160 140 100 75 40 45 40 28 65 65 100 55 65 80 80 110 65 65 35 100 110 110 390 100 110 130 80 130 110 390 390 80 80 200 320 330 330 310 80 110 110 110 400 200 200

Wavelength/Å 2362.06 III 2362.50 III 2365.70 III 2372.73 III 2376.40 II 2387.09 II 2387.41 III 2387.52 II 2388.23 III 2388.27 II 2398.48 II 2404.89 III 2405.34 II 2405.85 II 2412.46 II 2413.94 III 2416.99 II 2418.69 II 2421.91 III 2433.80 II 2435.95 II 2437.42 II 2442.14 II 2442.68 II 2451.87 II 2453.95 II 2456.99 III 2458.09 II 2462.89 I 2468.72 III 2475.87 III 2477.38 II 2478.29 II 2479.94 II 2483.88 II 2499.73 III 2511.00 II 2521.40 II 2544.80 II 2545.64 III 2551.38 II 2556.94 II 2557.94 III 2562.41 II 2571.33 II 2583.99 II 2590.94 II 2598.86 III 2633.17 III 2642.24 II 2646.26 II 2647.50 I 2654.45 I 2656.08 II 2657.99 III 2665.25 II 2666.59 II 2667.30 II 2671.93 II 2673.57 II 2675.94 II

5/4/05 8:05:27 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-54 Intensity 160 1000 320 320 150 470 470 310 110 240 310 270 110 190 250 280 160 240 100 500 800 270 530 100 570 280 470 400 470 670 470 1100 110 870 110 h 110 110 1100 400 320 210 200 330 470 80 140 350 300 100 100 220 110 100 110 100 400 110 1800 140 270 1500

Section 10.indb 54

Wavelength/Å 2691.77 II 2697.06 II 2698.86 II 2702.20 II 2702.52 II 2716.62 II 2721.98 II 2733.26 II 2737.09 II 2768.13 II 2773.20 I 2780.24 II 2793.05 II 2827.08 II 2841.15 II 2842.65 II 2846.28 II 2861.09 II 2865.61 II 2868.52 II 2875.39 II 2876.95 II 2877.03 II 2880.72 II 2883.18 II 2888.83 II 2897.81 II 2899.24 II 2908.24 II 2910.59 II 2911.74 II 2927.81 II 2931.47 II 2941.54 II 2945.88 II 2946.12 II 2946.90 II 2950.88 II 2972.57 II 2974.10 II 2977.68 II 2982.11 II 2990.26 II 2994.73 II 3001.84 III 3024.74 II 3028.44 II 3032.77 II 3044.76 II 3055.52 II 3064.53 II 3069.68 II 3070.90 II 3071.56 II 3073.24 II 3076.87 II 3080.35 II 3094.18 II 3099.19 II 3127.53 II 3130.79 II

Intensity 80 390 1200 150 390 300 150 1000 120 300 390 800 140 400 200 120 320 230 160 200 160 320 400 120 130 1300 1300 1700 420 340 1700 130 340 130 350 170 350 230 180 230 230 230 180 180 200 100 500 460 200 200 200 2000 1300 250 500 300 1000 630 630 1500 5000

Wavelength/Å 3142.26 III 3145.40 II 3163.40 II 3175.78 II 3180.29 II 3191.10 II 3191.43 II 3194.98 II 3203.35 II 3206.34 II 3215.60 II 3225.48 II 3229.56 II 3236.40 II 3247.47 II 3248.94 II 3254.07 II 3260.56 II 3263.37 II 3283.46 II 3292.02 II 3296.01 I 3312.60 I 3319.58 II 3341.60 II 3341.97 I 3343.71 I 3349.06 I 3349.52 I 3354.74 I 3358.42 I 3365.58 II 3366.96 I 3369.16 II 3374.92 I 3386.24 II 3392.34 I 3408.68 II 3409.19 II 3412.94 II 3425.42 II 3426.57 II 3432.70 II 3440.59 II 3479.56 II 3484.05 II 3498.63 I 3507.96 I 3510.26 II 3515.42 II 3517.67 II 3535.30 I 3537.48 I 3540.96 II 3544.02 I 3550.45 I 3554.66 I 3563.50 I 3563.62 I 3575.85 I 3580.27 I

Intensity 500 750 500 500 500 300 420 400 200 630 900 1500 330 3300 480 2700 2700 670 1700 530 350 530 870 1700 1300 3500 2700 2700 670 530 670 530 530 210 670 350 350 530 870 670 1100 670 580 670 530 670 520 910 d 1100 16000 c 350 12000 440 6700 310 5300 670 770 2300 440 2700

Wavelength/Å 3584.97 I 3589.11 I 3589.36 I 3593.97 I 3602.56 I 3619.51 II 3649.85 I 3651.19 II 3659.61 II 3660.37 I 3664.70 I 3697.85 I 3711.34 I 3713.01 I 3716.99 I 3726.24 I 3739.80 I 3740.73 II 3742.39 I 3763.49 I 3765.08 I 3771.85 I 3781.01 I 3787.06 I 3790.15 I 3791.21 I 3798.12 I 3802.92 I 3803.88 I 3804.74 I 3810.49 I 3811.03 I 3815.51 I 3818.86 II 3824.88 I 3835.18 I 3863.38 I 3877.56 I 3878.82 I 3883.14 I 3885.44 I 3885.68 I 3891.30 I 3914.70 I 3920.20 I 3937.44 I 3943.67 I 3966.09 I 4032.52 I 4058.94 I 4060.79 I 4079.73 I 4100.40 I 4100.92 I 4116.90 I 4123.81 I 4129.43 I 4129.93 I 4137.10 I 4139.44 I 4139.71 I

Intensity 350 870 4400 870 4400 4000 3500 310 1200 870 870 1300 310 350 870 350 420 420 770 420 400 580 580 390 350 390 330 150 530 480 370 720 480 1200 170 450 450 450 340 240 580 530 320 130 c 260 150 220 c 130 c 190 230 150 210 170 130 750 420 170 170 210 250 250

Wavelength/Å 4143.21 I 4150.12 I 4152.58 I 4163.47 I 4163.66 I 4164.66 I 4168.13 I 4184.44 I 4190.88 I 4192.07 I 4195.09 I 4195.66 I 4198.51 I 4201.52 I 4205.31 I 4214.73 I 4217.94 I 4229.15 I 4262.05 I 4266.02 I 4286.99 I 4299.60 I 4300.99 I 4311.27 I 4326.33 I 4331.37 I 4410.21 I 4503.04 I 4523.41 I 4546.82 I 4564.53 I 4573.08 I 4581.62 I 4606.77 I 4616.17 I 4630.11 I 4648.95 I 4663.83 I 4666.24 I 4667.22 I 4672.09 I 4675.37 I 4685.14 I 4706.14 I 4708.29 I 4713.50 I 4749.70 I 4967.78 I 4988.97 I 5017.75 I 5026.36 I 5039.04 I 5058.01 I 5065.25 I 5078.96 I 5095.30 I 5100.16 I 5120.30 I 5134.75 I 5160.33 I 5164.38 I

5/4/05 8:05:30 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity 230 190 170 150 150 150 d 270 130 c 250 460 340 110 85 170 130 170 130 110 110 130 d 190 cw 150 75 85 c 65 210 cw 150 cw 130 c 85 85 190 c 130 190 cw 65 170 c 75 c 35 40 29 cw 29 35

Wavelength/Å 5180.31 I 5189.20 I 5193.08 I 5195.84 I 5232.81 I 5251.62 I 5271.53 I 5276.20 I 5318.60 I 5344.17 I 5350.74 I 5437.27 I 5551.35 I 5642.11 I 5664.71 I 5665.63 I 5729.19 I 5760.34 I 5819.43 I 5838.64 I 5900.62 I 5983.22 I 6221.96 I 6430.46 I 6544.61 I 6660.84 I 6677.33 I 6723.62 I 6828.11 I 6990.32 I 7046.81 I 7159.43 I 7372.50 I 7515.93 I 7574.58 I 7726.68 I 7885.31 I 8135.20 I 8320.93 I 8346.08 I 8905.78 I

Nitrogen N 400 52 62 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 500 90 500 500 d 500 d 800 w 800 600 w 600 w

Z=7 181.75 186.069 186.153 191.7 192.9 196.87 197.23 202.60 205.94 205.97 206.03 209.303 217.20 217.90 223.4 225.12 225.21 234.12 234.20

Section 10.indb 55

IV V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV

10-55 Intensity 600 w 550 500 500 w 600 500 w 900 90 120 500 w 500 w 500 w 500 650 700 800 600 800 500 500 500 150 200 500 650 250 300 350 600 600 w 700 650 90 500 150 200 90 150 120 150 200 120 600 300 500 500 500 w 500 700 120 150 150 90 300 350 500 500 250 300 650 285

Wavelength/Å 234.25 IV 236.07 IV 237.99 IV 238.7 IV 238.80 IV 239.62 IV 247.20 IV 247.561 V 247.706 V 248.43 IV 248.46 IV 248.48 IV 257.95 III 258.50 III 259.19 III 260.09 III 260.45 IV 261.28 III 262.91 III 265.23 III 265.27 III 266.196 V 266.379 V 268.70 III 270.99 IV 283.42 IV 283.48 IV 283.58 IV 285.56 IV 297.7 IV 297.82 IV 300.32 IV 303.123 IV 303.28 IV 314.715 III 314.850 III 314.877 III 315.053 IV 322.503 IV 322.570 IV 322.724 IV 323.175 IV 323.26 III 335.050 IV 338.35 III 340.20 III 351.93 IV 351.98 III 353.06 IV 362.833 III 362.881 III 362.946 III 362.985 III 374.204 III 374.441 III 387.48 III 420.77 IV 451.869 III 452.226 III 463.74 IV 644.634 II

Intensity 360 450 140 360 170 285 150 160 170 500 570 650 500 350 90 150 285 150 200 500 570 570 250 300 350 200 150 650 90 90 80 40 450 450 550 650 520 500 480 520 90 100 130 1000 130 115 70 650 700 900 700 1000 150 w 90 60 90 450 600 430 650 175

Wavelength/Å 644.837 II 645.178 II 647.50 I 660.286 II 671.016 II 671.386 II 671.630 II 671.773 II 672.001 II 684.996 III 685.513 III 685.816 III 686.335 III 692.70 I 713.518 V 713.860 V 746.984 II 748.195 V 748.291 V 763.336 III 764.359 III 765.148 IV 771.544 III 771.901 III 772.385 III 772.891 III 772.975 III 775.965 II 885.67 I 909.697 I 910.278 I 910.645 I 915.612 II 915.962 II 916.012 II 916.701 II 921.992 IV 922.519 IV 923.057 IV 924.283 IV 953.415 I 953.655 I 953.970 I 955.335 IV 963.990 I 964.626 I 965.041 I 979.842 III 979.919 III 989.790 III 991.514 III 991.579 III 1036.16 IV 1067.614 I 1068.612 I 1078.71 IV 1083.990 II 1084.580 II 1085.546 II 1085.701 II 1097.237 I

Intensity 115 115 105 40 90 360 385 410 105 130 60 105 270 105 60 195 230 105 195 500 570 90 410 385 360 175 160 130 160 1000 900 360 315 290 250 230 315 115 115 150 360 700 490 640 90 200 l 350 l 1000 250 775 700 570 350 650 150 200 150 90 w 350 400 200

Wavelength/Å 1098.095 I 1098.260 I 1100.360 I 1100.465 I 1101.291 I 1134.165 I 1134.415 I 1134.980 I 1143.65 I 1163.884 I 1164.206 I 1164.325 I 1167.448 I 1168.334 I 1168.417 I 1168.536 I 1176.510 I 1176.630 I 1177.695 I 1183.031 III 1184.550 III 1188.01 IV 1199.550 I 1200.223 I 1200.710 I 1225.026 I 1225.37 I 1228.41 I 1228.79 I 1238.821 V 1242.804 V 1243.179 I 1243.306 I 1310.540 I 1310.95 I 1319.00 I 1319.68 I 1326.57 I 1327.92 I 1387.371 III 1411.94 I 1492.625 I 1492.820 I 1494.675 I 1549.336 V 1616.33 V 1619.69 V 1718.55 IV 1729.945 III 1742.729 I 1745.252 I 1747.848 III 1751.218 III 1751.657 III 1804.486 III 1805.669 III 1846.42 III 1860.37 V 1885.06 III 1885.22 III 1907.99 III

5/4/05 8:05:32 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-56 Intensity 150 150 300 150 200 200 250 120 90 90 160 70 110 90 90 110 160 90 200 150 160 160 110 220 160 285 90 w 160 150 110 70 110 160 220 110 250 300 350 250 w 90 160 110 110 60 l 160 90 l 150 w 250 w 60 w 220 90 120 360 90 570 500 400 90 90 120 285

Section 10.indb 56

Wavelength/Å 1919.55 III 1919.77 III 1920.65 III 1920.84 III 1921.30 III 2064.01 III 2064.42 III 2068.68 III 2071.09 III 2080.34 IV 2095.53 II 2096.20 II 2096.86 II 2117.59 III 2121.50 III 2130.18 II 2142.78 II 2147.31 III 2188.20 III 2188.38 III 2206.09 II 2286.69 II 2288.44 II 2316.49 II 2316.69 II 2317.05 II 2318.09 IV 2461.27 II 2477.69 IV 2496.83 II 2496.97 II 2520.22 II 2520.79 II 2522.23 II 2590.94 II 2645.65 IV 2646.18 IV 2646.96 IV 2682.18 III 2689.20 III 2709.84 II 2799.22 II 2823.64 II 2859.16 V 2885.27 II 2974.52 V 2980.78 V 2981.31 V 2998.43 V 3006.83 II 3078.25 IV 3367.34 III 3437.15 II 3463.37 IV 3478.71 IV 3482.99 IV 3484.96 IV 3747.54 IV 3754.67 III 3771.05 III 3838.37 II

Intensity 360 90 450 1000 150 200 360 550 360 150 250 140 200 185 285 120 150 285 285 220 450 90 120 300 285 650 90 120 360 550 350 90 450 360 250 450 870 90 120 550 285 450 180

Wavelength/Å 3919.00 II 3938.52 III 3955.85 II 3995.00 II 3998.63 III 4003.58 III 4035.08 II 4041.31 II 4043.53 II 4057.76 IV 4097.33 III 4099.94 I 4103.43 III 4109.95 I 4176.16 II 4195.76 III 4200.10 III 4227.74 II 4236.91 II 4237.05 II 4241.78 II 4332.91 III 4345.68 III 4379.11 III 4432.74 II 4447.03 II 4510.91 III 4514.86 III 4530.41 II 4601.48 II 4603.73 V 4606.33 IV 4607.16 II 4613.87 II 4619.98 V 4621.39 II 4630.54 II 4634.14 III 4640.64 III 4643.08 II 4788.13 II 4803.29 II 4847.38 I

90 150 285 160 210 200 w 160 350 285 450 650 360 870 550 450 360 360 550

4858.82 4867.15 4895.11 4914.94 4935.12 4944.56 4950.23 4963.98 4987.37 4994.36 5001.48 5002.70 5005.15 5007.32 5010.62 5016.39 5025.66 5045.10

III III II I I V I I II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity 185 140 90 200 150 450 285 650 550 870 450 450 285 700 240 265 235 360 550 285 650 285 160 210 285 360 150 185 210 210 210 185 235 90 185 120 300 265 750 360 300 325 160 210 185 750 185 185 235 185 235 210 185 210 160 265 685 785 900 185 60 w

Wavelength/Å 5281.20 I 5292.68 I 5314.35 III 5320.82 III 5327.18 III 5495.67 II 5535.36 II 5666.63 II 5676.02 II 5679.56 II 5686.21 II 5710.77 II 5747.30 II 5752.50 I 5764.75 I 5829.54 I 5854.04 I 5927.81 II 5931.78 II 5940.24 II 5941.65 II 5952.39 II 5999.43 I 6008.47 I 6167.76 II 6379.62 II 6380.77 IV 6411.65 I 6420.64 I 6423.02 I 6428.32 I 6437.68 I 6440.94 I 6454.11 III 6457.90 I 6467.02 III 6468.44 I 6481.71 I 6482.05 II 6482.70 I 6483.75 I 6484.80 I 6491.22 I 6499.54 I 6506.31 I 6610.56 II 6622.54 I 6636.94 I 6644.96 I 6646.50 I 6653.46 I 6656.51 I 6722.62 I 7398.64 I 7406.12 I 7406.24 I 7423.64 I 7442.29 I 7468.31 I 7608.80 I 7618.46 V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

450 400 400 250 300 570 400 400 550 500 570 650 500 220 700 650 500 110 110 h 500 160 h 570 500 250 200 500 570 250 200 160 h 110 h 160 h 220 h 160 h 220 h 285 h 220 h 220 h 160 h 250 300 350 400 110 h 250 200 380 225 290 310 180 510 920 500 840 180 180 290 250 100 160

7762.24 8184.87 8188.02 8200.36 8210.72 8216.34 8223.14 8242.39 8438.74 8567.74 8594.00 8629.24 8655.89 8676.08 8680.28 8683.40 8686.15 8687.43 8699.00 8703.25 8710.54 8711.70 8718.83 8728.89 8747.36 9386.80 9392.79 9460.68 9863.33 9865.41 9868.21 9887.39 9891.09 9961.86 9969.34 10023.27 10035.45 10065.15 10070.12 10105.13 10108.89 10112.48 10114.64 10126.27 10539.57 12074.51 12186.82 12288.97 12328.76 12381.65 12438.40 12461.25 12469.62 13429.61 13581.33 13587.73 13602.27 13624.18 14757.07 14868.87 14966.60

II I I I I I I I II I I I I II I I I II II I II I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II II I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:05:35 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

180 120 s 100 l 100

15582.27 17516.58 17584.86 17878.26

I I I I

Osmium Os 9600 13000 17000 29000 14000 14000 18000 26000 8600 13000 7800 4200 7200 14000 2900 2900 2900 6000 5300 2100 4800 5300 2600 1300 1200 3100 1100 2100 1100 1300 2000 1400 1400 500 2600 1700 1100 200 1400 110 1800 110 530 4500 2600 2400 780 1000 1000 1800 3800 1900 1900 2100 3000 1300

Z = 76 2001.45 2003.73 2010.15 2018.14 2022.76 2028.23 2034.44 2045.36 2058.69 2061.69 2067.21 2070.67 2076.95 2079.97 2082.54 2089.03 2089.21 2097.60 2100.63 2117.66 2117.96 2137.11 2154.59 2157.84 2158.53 2166.90 2167.75 2171.65 2234.61 2252.15 2255.85 2264.60 2282.26 2367.35 2377.03 2387.29 2395.88 2423.07 2424.97 2454.91 2461.42 2468.90 2486.24 2488.55 2498.41 2513.25 2538.00 2542.51 2590.76 2613.06 2637.13 2644.11 2658.60 2689.82 2714.64 2720.04

I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II II I I I II I II I II II I I I II I I I I I I I I I

Section 10.indb 57

10-57 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

960 2800 5100 2300 1500 1500 9600 2100 2100 1100 h 1400 4400 1100 2900 120 8600 1100 3100 180 150 1900 3100 3100 1200 7600 960 960 620 620 620 1200 1200 620 95 480 3700 2100 730 1000 730 960 1200 2500 1200 1200 4900 560 560 4900 540 670 55 45 35 35 35 90 55 140 40 270

2770.71 2806.91 2838.63 2844.40 2850.76 2860.96 2909.06 2912.33 2919.79 2948.23 2949.53 3018.04 3030.70 3040.90 3042.74 3058.66 3077.72 3156.25 3173.93 3213.31 3232.06 3262.29 3267.94 3290.26 3301.56 3336.15 3370.59 3387.84 3401.86 3504.66 3528.60 3560.86 3598.11 3604.48 3670.89 3752.52 3782.20 3876.77 3963.63 3977.23 4066.69 4112.02 4135.78 4173.23 4211.86 4260.85 4293.95 4311.40 4420.47 4550.41 4793.99 5031.83 5039.12 5072.88 5074.77 5079.09 5103.50 5110.81 5149.74 5193.52 5202.63

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

35 45 55 40 110 120 45 28 55 22 22 28 22 270 22 80 35 22 28 28 170 22 170 40 110 28 65 35 22 22 27 22 26 7

5203.23 5255.82 5265.15 5298.78 5376.79 5416.34 5416.69 5417.51 5443.31 5446.93 5457.30 5470.00 5509.33 5523.53 5546.82 5584.44 5620.08 5642.56 5645.25 5680.88 5721.93 5765.05 5780.82 5800.60 5857.76 5860.64 5996.00 6227.70 6269.41 6403.15 6729.56 7145.54 7602.95 8041.29

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Oxygen O Z = 8 80 124.616 110 135.523 80 138.109 110 139.029 80 151.447 110 151.477 150 151.546 80 164.574 110 164.657 80 164.709 80 166.235 150 167.99 110 170.219 450 172.169 250 185.745 375 192.751 450 192.799 520 192.906 80 193.003 200 194.593 150 195.86 200 196.01 80 202.161 80 202.224 80 202.283 80 202.334

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V IV IV V V V V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

150 110 150 100 200 100 110 150 300 150 200 250 250 520 80 80 150 80 80 80 150 140 150 110 200 110 90 180 110 110 110 150 300 250 80 d 110 110 150 150 150 300 375 110 150 110 80 110 120 150 150 140 160 160 250 200 250 190 300 190 200 150

202.393 203.78 203.82 203.85 203.89 203.94 207.18 207.24 207.794 215.040 215.103 215.245 216.018 220.352 227.372 227.469 227.511 227.549 227.634 227.689 231.823 233.46 233.50 233.52 233.56 233.60 238.36 238.57 248.459 252.56 252.95 253.08 260.39 260.56 264.34 264.48 266.97 266.98 267.03 277.38 279.63 279.94 285.71 285.84 286.448 295.62 295.66 295.72 303.41 303.46 303.52 303.62 303.69 303.80 305.60 305.66 305.70 305.77 305.84 306.62 306.88

V V V V V V IV IV V V V V V V V V V V V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV III III III III III III IV IV IV IV V III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV IV

5/4/05 8:05:37 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-58 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

450 300 250 300 110 90 80 200 190 150 210 200 300 190 200 210 450 300 800 900 1000 1000 250 300 220 200 150 700 775 850 700 700 1000 580 110 640 160 200 100 270 150 200 520 580 640 1000 150 200 150 230 70 800 800 900 1000 900 600 70 700 640 580

320.979 328.45 328.74 345.31 355.14 355.33 355.47 359.02 359.22 359.38 373.80 374.00 374.08 374.16 374.33 374.44 395.558 434.98 507.391 507.683 508.182 525.795 537.83 538.26 539.09 539.55 539.85 553.330 554.075 554.514 555.261 597.818 599.598 608.398 609.70 609.829 610.04 610.75 610.85 616.952 617.005 617.036 624.617 625.130 625.852 629.730 644.148 672.95 673.77 681.272 685.544 702.332 702.822 702.899 703.850 718.484 718.562 744.794 758.678 759.441 760.228

Section 10.indb 58

III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II II II II II IV IV IV IV III III IV III IV III III III IV IV IV IV IV IV V II II II V I III III III III II II I V V V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

775 640 700 70 90 520 70 200 315 360 200 640 520 700 70 300 200 160 90 70 70 80 240 600 450 780 600 600 800 40 130 160 80 200 130 90 40 90 40 160 40 250 90 160 60 40 900 600 300 200 130 230 640 160 160 w 285 160 315 w 160 220 110

760.445 761.128 762.003 770.793 771.056 774.518 775.321 779.734 779.821 779.912 779.997 787.711 790.109 790.199 791.973 796.66 802.200 802.255 804.267 804.848 805.295 805.810 832.762 832.927 833.332 833.742 834.467 835.096 835.292 877.879 921.296 921.366 922.008 923.367 923.433 935.193 948.686 971.738 976.448 988.773 990.204 1025.762 1027.431 1039.230 1040.942 1152.152 1302.168 1304.858 1306.029 1338.612 1342.992 1343.512 1371.292 1476.89 1506.72 1590.01 1591.33 1643.68 1707.996 1760.12 1760.42

V V V I I V I IV IV IV IV IV IV IV I II IV IV I I I I II III II III II III III I IV IV I IV IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV IV IV V III V III III V V III III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

220 220 750 550 360 110 110 220 160 160 220 110 110 285 285 285 160 110 110 220 110 110 360 160 220 160 30 d 30 d 110 200 30 d 30 d 30 d 50 d 30 d 30 d 200 d 80 110 80 80 250 80 d 80 d 80 300 200 200 200 200 200 200 230 200 200 80 110 300 110 1000 920

1763.22 1764.48 1767.78 1768.24 1771.67 1773.00 1773.85 1779.16 1781.03 1784.85 1789.66 1848.26 1856.62 1872.78 1872.87 1874.94 1920.04 1920.75 1921.52 1923.49 1923.82 1926.94 2013.27 2026.96 2045.67 2052.74 2283.42 2284.89 2293.32 2300.35 2313.05 2316.12 2316.79 2319.68 2322.15 2339.31 2390.44 2394.33 2411.60 2422.84 2425.55 2433.56 2436.06 2438.83 2444.26 2445.55 2449.372 2450.040 2454.99 2493.44 2493.77 2507.73 2509.19 2517.2 2558.06 2687.53 2695.49 2733.34 2747.46 2781.01 2786.99

III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II II II II II II II II II II III III II III II II II III II II IV IV III IV IV IV IV IV III III III II II V V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

775 160 160 200 210 80 265 250 80 80 80 200 110 460 410 80 160 220 110 450 285 160 160 80 200 300 80 220 220 220 360 160 160 80 110 230 270 160 200 220 130 360 360 285 270 360 220 230 160 410 230 80 80 285 200 160 230 270 80 80 80

2789.85 2836.26 2921.45 2941.33 2941.65 2959.68 2972.29 2983.78 3017.63 3023.45 3043.02 3047.13 3059.30 3063.42 3071.61 3121.71 3122.62 3129.44 3132.86 3134.82 3138.44 3144.66 3209.66 3238.57 3260.98 3265.46 3267.31 3270.98 3273.52 3277.69 3287.59 3305.15 3306.60 3312.30 3340.74 3348.08 3349.11 3354.27 3375.40 3377.20 3378.06 3381.20 3385.52 3390.25 3396.79 3403.52 3407.38 3409.66 3409.84 3411.69 3413.64 3444.10 3455.12 3470.81 3489.83 3492.24 3560.39 3563.33 3698.70 3702.75 3703.37

V IV IV V V III I III III III III III III IV IV III II II III II II V IV III III III III II II II II II II III III IV IV IV IV II IV IV IV II IV IV II IV II IV IV III III II IV IV IV IV III III III

5/4/05 8:05:40 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 220 110 315 w 285 360 410 160 110 230 360 150 80 250 110 160 120 450 160 185 160 140 220 100 200 450 220 160 285 450 80 d 50 d 150 d 110 220 285 100 160 50 220 285 450 80 50 d 50 d 50 d 50 d 285 160 220 285 220 100 220 450 285 160 160 50 50 d 50

3707.24 3712.75 3715.08 3725.93 3727.33 3729.03 3736.85 3739.92 3744.00 3744.89 3749.49 3754.67 3757.21 3759.87 3791.26 3803.14 3823.41 3911.96 3919.29 3947.29 3947.48 3947.59 3954.37 3954.61 3961.59 3973.26 3982.20 4069.90 4072.16 4075.87 4083.91 4087.14 4089.27 4097.24 4105.00 4119.22 4123.99 4132.81 4146.06 4153.30 4185.46 4189.79 4233.27 4253.74 4253.98 4275.47 4303.78 4317.14 4336.86 4345.56 4349.43 4366.90 4368.25 4395.95 4414.91 4416.98 4448.21 4452.38 4465.45 4466.28 4467.83

Section 10.indb 59

III II III IV II IV IV II III IV II III III III III II I II II I I I II I III II II II II II II II II II II II V II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II

10-59 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

50 360 285 80 d 160 360 450 160 360 285 220 285 160 230 w 220 135 160 190 90 110 135 120 110 130 160 190 80 160 190 110 100 400 450 490 80 100 100 100 320 360 400 130 80 100 360 450 210 400 450 320 210 100 120 120 100 870 810 750 80 100 100

4469.41 4590.97 4596.17 4609.39 4638.85 4641.81 4649.14 4650.84 4661.64 4676.23 4699.21 4705.36 4924.60 4930.27 4943.06 5329.10 5329.68 5330.74 5435.18 5435.78 5436.86 5577.34 5592.37 5597.91 5958.39 5958.58 5995.28 6046.23 6046.44 6046.49 6106.27 6155.98 6156.77 6158.18 6256.83 6261.55 6366.34 6374.32 6453.60 6454.44 6455.98 6500.24 6604.91 6653.83 7001.92 7002.23 7156.70 7254.15 7254.45 7254.53 7476.44 7477.24 7479.08 7480.67 7706.75 7771.94 7774.17 7775.39 7886.27 7943.15 7947.17

II II II II II II II II II II II II II V II I I I I I I I III V I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

235 210 185 110 135 190 135 250 400 265 265 325 120 120 810 1000 935 325 160 d 120 80 80 80 235 450 490 450 400 540 590 490 640 185 120 120 d 235 140 265 160 235 210 120 120 100 100 120 160 80 65 235 235 120 140 120 160 120 d 590 640 490 490 490

7947.55 7950.80 7952.16 7981.94 7982.40 7986.98 7987.33 7995.07 8221.82 8227.65 8230.02 8233.00 8235.35 8426.16 8446.25 8446.36 8446.76 8820.43 9057.01 9118.29 9134.71 9150.14 9151.48 9156.01 9260.81 9260.84 9260.94 9262.58 9262.67 9262.77 9265.94 9266.01 9399.19 9481.16 9482.88 9487.43 9492.71 9497.97 9499.30 9505.59 9521.96 9523.36 9523.96 9528.28 9622.13 9625.29 9677.38 9694.66 9694.91 9741.50 9760.65 9909.05 9936.98 9940.41 9995.31 10421.18 11286.34 11286.91 11287.02 11287.32 11295.10

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

540 590 265 490 450 120 160 700 750 640 160 120 590 120 120 120 140 540 140

11297.68 11302.38 11358.69 12464.02 12570.04 12990.77 13076.91 13163.89 13164.85 13165.11 16212.06 17966.70 18021.21 18041.48 18042.19 18046.23 18229.23 18243.63 26173.56

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Palladium Pd Z = 46 200 705.49 200 727.72 500 763.06 500 766.42 2000 781.02 500 794.08 500 797.52 500 800.03 500 800.10 500 803.67 500 825.35 500 840.58 500 856.47 500 864.04 500 880.59 500 888.84 1000 889.29 300 1596.89 500 1741.62 4000 1782.55 400 1843.49 1500 1851.59 2000 1852.27 1000 1859.21 1500 1874.63 2000 1885.83 1000 1887.40 1500 1891.34 4000 1914.62 1000 1930.33 2000 1941.64 800 2002.16 1000 2004.47 500 2055.11 500 2149.82 500 2177.55 500 2177.63 100 r 2231.59 200 r 2296.53 100 2426.87 100 2430.94

III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II II II II

5/4/05 8:05:43 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-60 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 100 150 1100 100 150 100 1700 250 300 200 150 150 150 100 150 1900 150 h 100 h 200 100 h 100 h 520 650 1500 1100 2600 11000 2700 3500 3600 5000 24000 13000 5000 6400 7700 10000 2000 12000 12000 4500 20000 20000 5500 1400 1500 1500 2200 1500 290 2500 180 160 120 55 75 55 h 65 75 120

2433.11 2435.32 2446.17 2447.91 2457.29 2469.29 2471.18 2476.42 2486.52 2488.92 2498.81 2505.73 2551.84 2565.51 2569.56 2658.75 2763.09 2776.85 2787.92 2854.59 2871.37 2878.01 2922.49 3002.65 3027.91 3065.31 3114.04 3242.70 3251.64 3258.78 3302.13 3373.00 3404.58 3421.24 3433.45 3441.40 3460.77 3481.15 3489.77 3516.94 3553.08 3571.16 3609.55 3634.70 3690.34 3718.91 3799.19 3832.29 3894.20 3958.64 4087.34 4212.95 4473.59 5163.84 5295.63 5542.80 5670.07 5695.09 6784.52 7368.12 7764.03

Section 10.indb 60

II II II I II II II I II II II II II II II II I II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

45 55 45 65

7915.80 8132.82 8300.83 8761.35

Phosphorus P Z = 15 250 328.78 150 359.899 500 388.318 250 389.50 300 390.70 300 445.158 375 475.60 120 498.180 520 542.57 600 544.92 200 569.853 200 581.831 350 629.008 400 629.914 500 631.779 450 673.90 10 810.24 650 823.179 700 824.730 800 827.932 300 847.669 350 855.624 500 859.652 10 865.44 450 865.45 600 871.39 700 877.476 300 913.971 300 917.120 350 918.665 1000 950.655 250 1003.598 570 1025.563 500 1028.096 570 1030.517 500 1033.111 500 1035.517 900 1117.98 570 1118.551 700 1128.01 20 1249.82 20 1301.87 20 1304.47 15 1304.68 35 1305.48 60 1310.70 500 1334.808 650 1344.327 300 1344.845 500 1366.695 15 1372.033 400 1372.674 15 1373.500 10 1374.732 15 1377.080 15 1377.937

I I I I V IV IV V V IV V III V V III III IV IV IV V II IV IV IV III III III II V V IV III III III IV III IV IV IV IV IV V IV V II II II II II II III III III IV I IV I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

25 25 15 500 400 350 80 120 450 150 200 140 100 180 140 140 600 600 140 100 100 100 100 600 500 400 140 140 100 140 100 500 400 140 650 180 140 280 280 180 400 400 400 400 400 280 500 180 450 250 750 950 750 500 250 300 400 400 500 250 450

1379.429 1381.469 1381.637 1484.507 1487.788 1502.228 1532.51 1535.90 1610.50 1618.632 1618.907 1671.070 1671.510 1671.680 1672.035 1672.474 1674.591 1679.695 1685.976 1694.028 1694.486 1706.376 1707.553 1774.951 1782.838 1787.656 1834.801 1847.165 1849.820 1851.194 1852.069 1858.886 1859.393 1864.348 1888.523 1905.481 1906.403 1907.665 2023.489 2024.516 2032.432 2033.477 2135.465 2136.182 2149.145 2152.940 2154.080 2235.732 2440.93 2478.256 2533.976 2535.603 2553.262 2554.915 2605.506 2632.713 2644.295 2728.770 2739.309 2739.872 2978.55

I I I IV IV III II II V III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I V IV I I I I IV III IV IV IV IV V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

700 520 300 400 650 570 400 300 350 400 300 500 350 400 250 250 250 500 500 600 300 300 500 300 300 100 100 100 140 140 180 300 140 400 250 300 180 100 250 300 400 100 400 140 180 140 140 100 100 250 500 400 500 250 150 350 180 350 500 180 140

3175.09 3204.04 3219.307 3233.602 3347.736 3364.467 3371.122 3957.641 3978.307 4059.312 4080.084 4222.195 4246.720 4420.71 4479.776 4540.288 4541.112 4588.04 4589.86 4602.08 4626.70 4658.31 4943.53 4954.39 4969.71 5079.381 5098.221 5100.974 5109.628 5154.844 5162.290 5253.52 5293.539 5296.13 5316.07 5344.75 5345.851 5364.631 5378.20 5386.88 5425.91 5428.094 5450.74 5458.305 5477.672 5477.860 5478.267 5514.774 5516.997 5588.34 6024.18 6034.04 6043.12 6055.50 6083.409 6087.82 6097.690 6165.59 6199.024 6210.499 6375.681

V V III III IV IV IV III III III III III III II III IV IV II II II II II II II II I I I I I I II I II II II I I II II II I II I I I I I I II II II II II III II I II I I I

5/4/05 8:05:45 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 250 600 600 600 100 150 100 100 180 180 180 200 250 100 150 140 100 140 140 180 400 100 180 950 600 1250 500 950 950 600 1250 1700 1500 280 1700 280 750 400 500 180 1500 280 1500 600 1700 280 400 280 229 458 962 1235 415 435 265 764 402 479 256 714

6388.579 6435.32 6459.99 6503.46 6507.97 6717.411 6992.690 7102.200 7158.367 7165.465 7175.102 7176.660 7443.657 7845.63 8046.801 8113.528 8278.058 8367.856 8531.475 8613.835 8637.578 8741.529 8872.174 9175.819 9193.85 9278.88 9304.94 9323.50 9435.069 9441.86 9452.83 9493.56 9525.73 9545.18 9556.81 9563.439 9593.50 9609.04 9638.939 9676.24 9706.533 9734.750 9736.680 9750.77 9790.21 9796.85 9834.80 9903.68 9976.67 10084.27 10511.58 10529.52 10581.57 10596.90 10681.40 10813.13 11183.23 11186.75 14241.64 14307.83 15711.52

Section 10.indb 61

I II II II II I III I I I I I IV II I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-61 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

228 296 203 1627 588 225 221 419 471 289 299 287 311

15962.53 16254.77 16292.97 16482.92 16590.07 16613.05 16738.68 16803.39 17112.48 17286.91 17423.67 23844.97 29097.16

I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Platinum Pt 30 30 30 50 r 30 30 40 50 50 30 30 30 30 30 40 3200 4400 100 40 5500 1500 3000 1000 30 950 30 1900 100 600 1500 30 400 50 h 320 50 h 30 h 100 150 30 30 h 190 30 h 280 50 h 30 150 150

Z = 78 1621.66 1723.13 1751.70 1777.09 1781.86 1879.09 1883.05 1889.52 1911.70 1929.25 1929.68 1939.80 1949.90 1983.74 2014.93 2030.63 2032.41 2036.46 2041.57 2049.37 2067.50 2084.59 2103.33 2115.57 2128.61 2130.69 2144.23 2144.24 2165.17 2174.67 2190.32 2202.22 2202.58 2222.61 2233.11 2240.99 2245.52 2249.30 2251.52 2251.92 2268.84 2271.72 2274.38 2287.50 2288.20 2289.27 2292.40

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II I I I I II I II I II I I II I II I II II II I II II I II I II II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

240 50 90 220 100 170 280 180 50 130 40 120 35 70 200 100 50 80 50 25 180 650 60 440 35 1000 25 200 160 240 50 120 50 60 240 140 40 50 160 18 50 50 70 30 50 30 1100 130 1000 500 20 2800 40 440 200 2000 1600 60 1300 130 1800

2308.04 2310.96 2315.50 2318.29 2326.10 2340.18 2357.10 2368.28 2377.28 2383.64 2386.81 2389.53 2396.17 2401.87 2403.09 2418.06 2424.87 2428.04 2428.20 2429.10 2436.69 2440.06 2450.97 2467.44 2471.01 2487.17 2488.74 2490.12 2495.82 2498.50 2505.93 2508.50 2514.07 2515.03 2515.58 2524.30 2529.41 2536.49 2539.20 2549.46 2552.25 2596.00 2603.14 2616.76 2619.57 2625.34 2628.03 2639.35 2646.89 2650.86 2658.17 2659.45 2674.57 2677.15 2698.43 2702.40 2705.89 2713.13 2719.04 2729.92 2733.96

I II I I I I I I II I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

70 70 80 200 30 500 40 20 50 50 100 40 h 140 10 50 30 h 1400 70 16 80 h 40 h 40 h 100 h 25 25 600 300 60 120 120 70 30 1700 30 30 25 60 1800 35 220 30 30 h 130 800 3200 30 130 320 140 120 320 30 20 20 40 160 25 25 120 500 60

2738.48 2747.61 2753.86 2754.92 2769.84 2771.67 2773.24 2774.00 2774.77 2793.27 2794.21 2799.98 2803.24 2808.51 2818.25 2822.27 2830.30 2834.71 2853.11 2860.68 2865.05 2875.85 2877.52 2888.20 2893.22 2893.86 2897.87 2905.90 2912.26 2913.54 2919.34 2921.38 2929.79 2942.76 2944.75 2959.10 2960.75 2997.97 3001.17 3002.27 3017.88 3031.22 3036.45 3042.64 3064.71 3071.94 3100.04 3139.39 3156.56 3200.71 3204.04 3230.29 3233.42 3250.36 3251.98 3255.92 3268.42 3281.97 3290.22 3301.86 3315.05

I I I I I I I I II I II II I I I II I I I II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:05:48 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-62 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

35 340 35 60 160 120 70 70 50 80 80 35 18 80 40 110 35 100 20 110 80 40 18 18 80 14 25 12 35 12 14 30 35 40 12 12 14 14 6 20 8 6 7 8 9 10 20 60 20 10

3323.80 3408.13 3427.93 3483.43 3485.27 3628.11 3638.79 3643.17 3663.10 3671.99 3674.04 3699.91 3706.53 3818.69 3900.73 3922.96 3948.40 3966.36 3996.57 4118.69 4164.56 4192.43 4327.06 4391.83 4442.55 4445.55 4498.76 4520.90 4552.42 4879.53 5044.04 5059.48 5227.66 5301.02 5368.99 5390.79 5475.77 5478.50 5763.57 5840.12 5844.84 6026.04 6318.37 6326.58 6523.45 6710.42 6760.02 6842.60 7113.73 8224.74

Plutonium Pu Z = 94 10000 2806.11 10000 2950.06 10000 3000.31 10000 3200.23 10000 3418.88 10000 3805.93 10000 4097.12 10000 4170.95 10000 4367.41 10000 5590.54

Section 10.indb 62

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10000 10000 3000 3000 3000

7068.90 8691.94 9533.07 12144.46 16897.38

I I I I I

Polonium Po Z = 84 1500 w 2450.08 1500 w 2558.01 2500 w 3003.21 1200 4170.52 800 4493.21 500 8618.26

I I I I I I

Potassium K Z = 19 100 214.35 150 271.82 100 273.06 150 282.35 150 293.33 300 294.84 200 296.17 200 297.06 200 300.25 200 300.50 200 311.24 250 312.77 200 315.18 250 327.38 25 330.68 300 340.46 150 340.74 30 341.92 15 348.00 200 349.50 300 354.93 150 356.26 300 359.73 200 359.91 250 362.08 150 362.15 150 363.02 500 372.15 200 372.46 200 372.77 300 375.96 300 375.96 250 377.76 30 379.12 300 379.12 300 379.88 25 380.48 250 380.48 200 381.70 30 382.23 300 382.23 150 382.49 200 382.65 300 382.91 250 384.10 200 386.61 300 387.80

V IV IV V V V V V V V V V V V III IV IV III III V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V V V IV V V III V IV III IV IV III IV IV IV IV IV IV V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

250 250 250 250 250 300 200 200 500 250 200 15 200 200 400 20 300 250 150 30 250 40 50 30 250 200 30 150 30 30 400 300 500 75 50 250 25 200 300 75 200 250 75 750 200 200 250 400 400 75 100 75 45 10 40 10 10 200 200 30 75

388.92 389.07 389.07 390.11 390.42 390.57 391.46 392.47 393.14 395.40 398.36 398.63 398.88 399.75 400.21 402.10 402.91 403.97 404.41 406.48 408.08 408.96 413.79 414.87 415.05 415.79 416.00 417.28 417.54 418.62 422.18 425.16 425.59 434.72 435.68 438.02 441.81 442.30 443.57 444.34 445.61 446.83 448.60 448.60 449.71 452.90 455.67 456.33 456.33 466.79 470.09 471.57 474.92 476.03 479.18 482.11 482.41 482.71 483.75 495.14 497.10

IV IV V V IV IV IV IV IV V V III V V IV III IV IV IV III IV III III III V V III IV III III V V V III III V II IV IV III IV IV III IV V V V IV V III III III III II III III III V V II III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10 50 250 25 200 150 40 15 15 750 250 500 30 250 400 25 30 250 750 300 20 300 400 600 500 500 500 400 300 150 400 20 30 150 150 35 20 10 15 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 4 3 7 6 11 10 3 4 18 17 10 11

514.94 520.61 523.00 523.79 526.45 527.62 529.80 539.71 546.12 580.32 585.51 586.32 600.77 602.27 603.43 607.93 612.62 638.67 646.19 687.50 708.84 720.43 724.42 731.86 737.14 741.95 745.26 746.35 749.99 754.19 754.67 765.31 765.64 770.29 771.46 778.53 872.31 873.86 874.04 2550.02 2635.11 2689.90 2938.45 2986.20 2992.42 3052.07 3056.84 3062.18 3101.79 3102.04 3217.16 3217.62 3446.37 3447.38 3648.84 3648.98 4044.14 4047.21 4641.88 4642.37

III III IV III IV IV III III III V V V II V V II II V IV V III V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III III V V III III III III III III III III III III III III II I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:05:51 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

4 6 5 7 5 7 6 8 7 8 8 9 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 12 14 16 17 15 17 8 7 19 12 20 7 12 25 24 5 4 7 6 9 8 3 11 10 4 3 13 12 5 4 7 3 6 15 14 6 5 9 5

4740.91 4744.35 4753.93 4757.39 4786.49 4791.05 4799.75 4804.35 4849.86 4856.09 4863.48 4869.76 4942.02 4950.82 4956.15 4965.03 5084.23 5097.17 5099.20 5112.25 5323.28 5339.69 5342.97 5359.57 5782.38 5801.75 5812.15 5831.89 6120.27 6307.29 6911.08 6936.28 6938.77 6964.18 6964.67 7664.90 7698.96 7955.37 7956.83 8078.11 8079.62 8250.18 8251.74 8390.22 8503.45 8505.11 8763.96 8767.05 8902.19 8904.02 8923.31 8925.44 9347.24 9349.25 9351.59 9595.70 9597.83 9949.67 9954.14 10479.63 10482.15

Section 10.indb 63

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-63 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

8 17 16 17 16 17

10487.11 11019.87 11022.67 11690.21 11769.62 11772.83 12522.11 13377.86 13397.09 15163.08 15168.40 40158.37

Praseodymium Pr Z = 59 7000 865.90 5000 869.17 2000 1228.59 5000 1293.22 5000 1295.28 5000 1321.36 5000 1333.57 5000 1354.66 2000 1360.64 2000 1365.77 5000 1374.41 5000 1435.56 2000 1520.98 5000 1574.55 5000 1575.10 3000 1578.38 2000 1622.30 10000 1884.87 2000 2083.23 3300 2246.20 2000 c 2378.98 40 h 2598.04 100 h 2707.37 60 2760.35 270 3168.24 200 d 3195.99 190 3219.48 200 3584.21 250 3645.66 250 3646.30 370 3668.83 290 3714.05 410 3739.18 680 3761.87 680 3800.30 390 3811.84 1300 h 3816.02 680 3818.28 310 3821.80 960 3830.72 480 3840.99 580 3846.59 1200 3850.79 720 c 3851.55 960 3852.80 480 c 3865.45 480 3876.19 1700 c 3877.18

I I I I I I I I I I I I V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

680 440 c 440 c 770 c 630 310 1300 c 420 960 480 370 370 730 c 900 c 900 c 380 470 560 1600 c 560 c 500 320 620 c 320 1300 c 340 1600 560 c 320 620 c 730 1900 620 730 620 470 360 360 c 730 c 960 730 470 1300 340 450 2200 2200 450 3400 500 c 500 c 790 500 560 380 2900 c 1700 c 340 1500 c 2700 1700 c

3880.47 3885.19 3889.34 3908.05 3912.90 3913.55 3918.85 3919.63 3925.47 3927.46 3929.29 3935.82 3947.63 3949.43 3953.51 3956.75 3962.45 3964.26 3964.81 3966.57 3971.16 3971.67 3972.14 3974.85 3989.68 3992.16 3994.79 3997.04 3999.12 4000.17 4004.70 4008.69 4010.60 4015.39 4020.96 4022.71 4025.54 4029.72 4031.75 4033.83 4038.45 4039.34 4044.81 4047.08 4051.13 4054.88 4056.54 4058.80 4062.81 4079.77 4080.98 4081.85 4083.34 4096.82 4098.40 4100.72 4118.46 4130.77 4141.22 4143.11 4164.16

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

620 730 5200 2500 560 c 2500 c 500 320 320 3800 3800 320 320 c 960 340 840 c 500 320 790 c 470 c 790 c 450 c 1500 1300 360 620 cw 470 c 340 450 410 c 1200 320 430 1700 410 1200 c 730 960 1100 790 340 c 340 270 c 270 c 290 250 200 320 380 270 320 360 560 410 620 360 360 560 680 340 c 340

4171.82 4172.25 4179.39 4189.48 4191.60 4206.72 4208.32 4211.86 4217.81 4222.93 4225.35 4233.11 4236.15 4241.01 4243.51 4247.63 4254.40 4269.09 4272.27 4280.07 4282.42 4298.98 4305.76 4333.97 4338.70 4344.30 4347.49 4350.40 4354.91 4359.79 4368.33 4371.62 4405.83 4408.82 4413.77 4429.13 4449.83 4468.66 4496.46 4510.15 4534.15 4535.92 4628.74 4672.09 4695.77 4736.69 4924.60 4939.74 4951.37 5034.41 5045.52 5110.38 5110.76 5129.52 5173.90 5206.55 5219.05 5220.11 5259.73 5292.02 5292.62

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I II I II II II II II II II II II II

5/4/05 8:05:53 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-64 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

430 65 150 110 90 90 90 160 d 90 90 160 7000 w 90 110 90 150 150 140 65 9000 w 65 65 5000 190 270 45 110 55 c 55 45 45 45 45 55 75 55 75 35 c 55 cw 35 cw 7000 40 5000 4500 20 24 16 20 c 14 20 16 14 14 10 cw 11 5000 w 10

5322.76 5509.15 5535.17 5623.05 5624.45 5756.17 5779.28 5815.17 5823.72 5859.68 5939.90 5956.05 5956.60 5967.82 6006.33 6017.80 6025.72 6055.13 6087.52 6090.02 6114.38 6148.23 6160.24 6161.18 6165.94 6244.35 6281.28 6359.03 6411.23 6429.63 6431.84 6486.55 6566.77 6616.67 6656.83 6673.41 6673.78 6747.09 6798.60 6827.60 6910.14 7021.51 7030.39 7076.62 7114.55 7227.70 7407.56 7451.74 7541.02 7645.66 7721.84 7871.67 8067.44 8122.78 8141.10 8602.74 8714.59

Promethium Pm Z = 61 1000 3892.15 1000 3910.26 1000 3919.10

Section 10.indb 64

II II II II II II I II II II II III II II II II II I II III II I III II II II II I I II II I II I II II II I I II III II III III I II II II II II I I I II I III II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 1000 r 1000 900 r 900 1000 d

3957.74 3998.96 4417.96 4728.36 6100.21 6520.45

Protactinium Pa Z = 91 3000 2599.16 3000 2699.22 3000 2822.79 3000 h 2871.42 3000 h 2891.14 3000 l 3011.10 3000 s 3033.59 3000 l 3071.24 3000 l 3093.23 3000 l 3126.23 3000 l 3146.28 3000 l 3170.89 3000 l 3171.54 3000 l 3240.58 3000 3274.46 3000 l 3332.69 3000 s 3346.66 3000 l 3452.82 3000 3504.97 3000 s 3530.65 3000 3570.56 3000 3571.82 3000 3618.07 10000 3636.52 3000 3702.74 3000 3752.67 3000 3873.35 3000 3931.83 3000 s 3952.62 10000 l 3957.85 3000 s 3970.07 3000 3981.82 10000 3982.23 3000 l 4012.96 3000 s 4018.21 3000 4030.16 3000 s 4046.93 10000 s 4056.20 10000 s 4070.40 3000 l 4176.18 10000 l 4217.23 10000 s 4248.08 3000 s 4291.34 3000 s 4601.43 3000 l 6035.78 3000 6162.56 3000 l 6358.61 3000 6379.25 3000 l 6438.97 3000 h 6792.75 10000 6945.72 3000 6960.09 3000 h 6961.78 3000 s 6992.73

II II II I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II I I I I I I I I II II II I I II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

3000 3000 h 10000 s 3000 h 3000 3000 10000 l 3000 h 10000 h 3000 h 10000 h 10000 10000 s 10000 3000 10000 h 3000 3000 l 10000 10000 h 10000 10000 3000 s 3000 s 3000 h 10000 h 10000 s 3000 h 3000 h 10000 3000 10000 10000 3000

7076.27 7100.94 7114.89 7171.55 7227.13 7318.79 7368.25 7471.89 7493.15 7558.26 7608.20 7626.79 7635.18 7669.34 7679.20 7749.19 7872.95 7945.56 8039.34 8099.84 8199.04 8271.87 8358.98 8369.60 8441.04 8532.66 8572.96 8639.91 8653.51 8735.27 10923.32 11791.73 14344.76 18478.61

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Radium Ra 100 200 100 100 100 50 50 50

Z = 88 3649.55 3814.42 4340.64 4682.28 4825.91 5660.81 7141.21 8019.70

II II II II I I I II

Radon Rn Z = 86 100 4349.60 200 7055.42 100 7268.11 300 7450.00 100 7809.82 100 8099.51 100 8270.96 100 8600.07

I I I I I I I I

Rhenium Re 25000 16000 27000 10000 9800 3400 3700

Z = 75 2003.53 2017.87 2049.08 2085.59 2097.12 2139.04 2156.67

I I I I I II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

4900 3400 4200 c 5200 c 2900 2700 390 610 680 800 300 860 230 680 250 1200 570 520 220 320 370 340 230 320 320 210 d 210 1500 740 320 270 1200 300 300 2500 490 420 340 c 230 250 610 610 390 800 c 1200 390 980 370 370 570 230 270 1800 c 570 540 370 570 740 d 370 300 370

2167.94 2176.21 2214.26 2275.25 2287.51 2294.49 2298.09 2302.99 2306.54 2322.49 2328.66 2344.78 2349.39 2352.07 2356.50 2365.90 2367.68 2369.27 2370.76 2375.07 2379.77 2388.57 2393.65 2394.37 2396.79 2400.72 2401.68 2405.06 2405.60 2406.70 2410.37 2419.81 2421.73 2421.88 2428.58 2431.54 2432.18 2441.47 2442.51 2444.94 2446.98 2449.71 2461.20 2461.84 2483.92 2485.81 2487.33 2496.04 2501.72 2502.35 2504.60 2505.94 2508.99 2520.01 2521.50 2534.80 2540.51 2544.74 2545.48 2552.02 2554.63

I I II II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I II

5/4/05 8:05:56 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 250 340 540 370 380 290 290 660 610 d 310 550 270 270 660 400 220 940 220 1300 220 610 220 210 310 220 220 350 550 220 220 880 310 220 270 240 2900 490 830 c 210 550 830 c 270 440 270 720 1500 310 210 220 220 220 1800 5500 350 220 500 300 380 240 1600

2556.51 2559.08 2564.19 2568.64 2571.81 2586.79 2599.86 2603.89 2608.50 2611.54 2635.83 2636.64 2642.75 2649.05 2651.90 2654.12 2663.63 2674.34 2688.53 2715.47 2732.21 2733.04 2758.00 2763.79 2767.74 2768.85 2769.32 2770.42 2783.57 2791.29 2814.68 2819.95 2834.08 2843.00 2850.98 2867.19 2887.68 2896.01 2902.48 2905.58 2909.82 2927.42 2930.61 2943.14 2962.27 2965.11 2965.76 2976.29 2978.15 2980.82 2982.19 2988.47 2992.36 2999.60 3001.14 3004.14 3016.02 3016.49 3030.45 3047.25 3067.40

Section 10.indb 65

I I I II II I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-65 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

320 260 550 340 700 700 340 340 c 340 420 260 250 440 330 360 c 220 700 220 440 260 600 1100 1100 260 260 220 1100 c 380 600 600 300 280 280 280 240 320 280 240 600 2000 1600 810 320 240 d 240 320 320 240 4000 650 650 240 320 320 810 8000 400 300 320 400 16000 c

3069.94 3071.16 3082.43 3088.76 3100.67 3108.81 3110.86 3118.19 3121.36 3128.94 3134.02 3141.38 3151.64 3153.79 3158.31 3164.52 3168.37 3174.61 3177.71 3178.61 3182.87 3184.76 3185.57 3190.78 3192.36 3198.58 3204.25 3235.94 3258.85 3259.55 3268.89 3296.70 3296.99 3301.60 3302.23 3303.21 3303.75 3313.95 3322.48 3338.18 3342.24 3344.32 3346.20 3356.33 3377.74 3379.06 3379.70 3389.43 3399.30 3404.72 3405.89 3408.67 3409.83 3417.77 3419.41 3424.62 3426.19 3427.61 3437.71 3449.37 3451.88

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

240 55000 c 40000 c 400 240 400 320 240 560 320 320 320 240 240 360 810 c 650 810 320 810 440 320 860 c 1500 c 520 240 360 c 4000 240 c 810 910 300 cw 700 240 240 240 380 c 550 280 350 c 220 240 240 c 240 cw 1800 700 220 220 650 3600 c 260 c 380 360 cw 2600 260 500 2200 cw 220 1300 1600 cw 100

3453.50 3460.46 3464.73 3467.96 3476.44 3480.38 3480.85 3482.23 3503.06 3516.65 3517.33 3537.46 3549.89 3570.26 3579.12 3580.15 3580.97 3583.02 3617.08 3637.84 3651.97 3670.53 3689.50 3691.48 3703.24 3709.93 3717.28 3725.76 3735.01 3735.31 3740.10 3745.44 3787.52 3869.94 3875.26 3876.86 3917.27 3929.85 3961.04 3962.48 4033.31 4081.43 4110.89 4133.42 4136.45 4144.36 4182.90 4183.06 4221.08 4227.46 4257.60 4358.69 4394.38 4513.31 4516.64 4522.73 4889.14 4923.90 5270.95 5275.56 5667.88

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 c 110 cw 550 200 200 100 cw 180 c 260 50 cw 65 cw

5752.93 5776.83 5834.31 6307.70 6321.90 6605.19 6813.41 6829.90 7640.94 7912.94

I I I I I I I I I I

Rhodium Rh Z = 45 50 813.44 80 882.51 100 925.75 150 937.28 500 991.62 400 992.48 500 d 1009.60 200 1012.22 200 1015.17 200 1073.87 150 1784.24 200 1784.94 150 1796.50 200 1816.03 1000 1832.05 500 1859.85 800 1880.66 500 1884.91 500 1887.36 700 1888.62 800 1901.32 500 1910.16 600 1919.37 500 1927.07 700 1931.79 500 1954.25 500 1994.26 800 2013.71 500 2017.47 500 2028.53 800 2036.72 600 2037.61 1000 2040.18 3000 2048.67 2000 2064.11 800 2076.84 1000 2118.53 1000 2118.63 1000 2139.44 1000 2152.23 3000 2158.17 3000 2163.19 3000 2167.33 150 2276.21 140 2288.57 110 2309.82 350 2322.58 140 2326.47 190 2334.77 300 2361.92

III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III II I I I I II I

5/4/05 8:05:58 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-66 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 270 230 270 80 130 230 110 330 90 130 150 100 130 300 150 350 300 200 130 110 350 550 150 230 100 110 400 100 400 100 180 160 100 130 150 180 280 110 140 160 65 180 130 130 230 160 450 110 50 130 50 180 140 240 130 140 470 190 520 520

2368.34 2382.89 2383.40 2386.14 2415.84 2427.68 2429.52 2437.90 2440.34 2461.04 2473.09 2487.47 2490.77 2502.46 2504.29 2505.67 2509.70 2511.03 2515.75 2520.53 2537.04 2545.70 2555.36 2622.58 2625.88 2630.42 2647.28 2652.66 2680.63 2703.73 2715.31 2718.54 2728.94 2771.51 2783.03 2826.43 2826.68 2862.94 2878.66 2882.37 2907.21 2910.17 2924.02 2929.11 2931.94 2968.66 2977.68 2986.20 3004.46 3006.43 3023.91 3052.44 3083.96 3121.76 3123.70 3155.78 3189.05 3191.19 3197.13 3263.14 3271.61

Section 10.indb 66

I I I II II I I I I II I I II I II I I II I II II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I III I III I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2300 2300 280 210 260 50 4200 330 280 420 1100 110 110 5600 820 160 820 330 120 d 8200 1400 120 120 400 180 220 5900 180 4700 120 4700 2100 110 1200 5900 2800 8800 880 d 280 1200 1800 1200 4700 4700 5900 3100 1800 8200 1300 560 1900 9400 940 280 380 7600 940 650 420 420 1200

3280.55 3283.57 3289.14 3294.28 3300.46 3310.69 3323.09 3338.54 3360.80 3368.38 3372.25 3377.14 3385.78 3396.82 3399.70 3406.55 3412.27 3421.22 3424.38 3434.89 3440.53 3447.74 3450.29 3455.22 3457.07 3457.93 3462.04 3469.62 3470.66 3472.25 3474.78 3478.91 3494.44 3498.73 3502.52 3507.32 3528.02 3538.14 3541.91 3543.95 3549.54 3570.18 3583.10 3596.19 3597.15 3612.47 3626.59 3657.99 3666.22 3681.04 3690.70 3692.36 3695.52 3698.26 3698.60 3700.91 3713.02 3735.28 3737.27 3744.17 3748.22

I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

240 380 490 1000 2300 490 380 1000 1300 3800 4900 760 1300 470 760 1300 3800 2300 2000 5900 490 380 120 240 2000 590 3800 45 380 240 240 380 120 560 140 120 1100 1500 2100 240 330 3300 820 4200 130 150 70 70 60 60 95 130 95 160 40 29 40 35 130 35 14

3754.12 3754.27 3755.58 3760.40 3765.08 3769.97 3778.13 3788.47 3792.18 3793.22 3799.31 3805.92 3806.76 3815.01 3816.47 3818.19 3822.26 3828.48 3833.89 3856.52 3870.01 3877.34 3913.51 3922.19 3934.23 3942.72 3958.86 3964.54 3975.31 3984.40 3995.61 3996.15 4023.14 4082.78 4097.52 4119.68 4121.68 4128.87 4135.27 4154.37 4196.50 4211.14 4288.71 4374.80 4569.00 4675.03 4745.11 5090.63 5155.54 5175.97 5193.14 5354.40 5390.44 5599.42 5686.38 5792.66 5806.91 5831.58 5983.60 6102.72 6199.99

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

16 29 40 13 11 20 65 16 16 18 15 18 35 18 h 12 12 11 29 55 21 29 15 8

6253.72 6319.53 6752.35 6827.33 6857.68 6879.94 6965.67 6979.15 7001.58 7101.64 7104.45 7268.18 7270.82 7442.39 7475.74 7495.24 7557.67 7791.61 7824.91 8029.91 8045.36 8136.20 8425.59

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Rubidium Rb Z = 37 30 465.85 40 481.118 500 482.83 500 489.66 600 493.48 90 497.430 20 508.434 150 513.266 300 530.173 75 533.801 1200 535.86 40 542.887 200 555.036 1200 556.19 1500 566.71 1000 572.82 1500 576.65 2500 579.63 1500 581.26 2500 589.419 1000 594.94 1300 595.88 1200 598.49 1500 643.878 25 663.76 3000 697.049 6000 711.187 25 716.24 50 740.85 10000 741.456 5000 769.04 25 776.89 2500 815.28 15 850.18 1000 1604.12 5000 1760.50 2000 2068.92

III II III III III II II II II II III II II III III III III III III II III III III II IV II II IV IV II III IV III IV II II II

5/4/05 8:06:01 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10000 30000 10000 5000 50000 1000 2000 500 500 5000 c 25 50 500 60 75 100 40 5000 10000 25000 1000 500 90000 15000 20000 10000 30000 2 2 10 10000 1 2 15 2 20 1 3 40 4 75 3 6 40 20 60 3 75 30 c 75 c 120 c 5 10000 5000 100 l 150 200 l 300 60 90000 c 45000 c

2075.95 2143.83 2217.08 2291.71 2472.20 2631.75 2956.07 3086.84 3111.36 3148.90 3157.54 3227.98 3286.41 3348.72 3350.82 3587.05 3591.57 3600.60 3600.64 3940.51 4201.80 4215.53 4244.40 4273.14 4571.77 4648.57 4775.95 5087.987 5132.471 5150.134 5152.08 5165.023 5165.142 5195.278 5233.968 5260.034 5260.228 5322.380 5362.601 5390.568 5431.532 5431.830 5578.788 5647.774 5653.750 5724.121 5724.614 6070.755 6159.626 6206.309 6298.325 6299.224 6458.33 6560.81 7279.997 7408.173 7618.933 7757.651 7759.436 7800.27 7947.60

Section 10.indb 67

II II II II II III III III III II I I III I I I I II II II I I II II II II II I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I I I

10-67 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

40 l 30 40 l 30 30 l 20 l 2000 c 35 l 30 l 100 20 30 75 1000 800 150 20 4

8271.41 8271.71 8868.512 8868.852 9522.65 9540.18 9689.05 10075.282 10075.708 13235.17 13442.81 13443.57 13665.01 14752.41 15288.43 15289.48 22529.65 27314.31

Ruthenium Ru Z = 44 250 850.09 200 850.30 250 919.74 500 940.09 500 966.54 750 974.14 900 979.43 500 981.35 900 986.84 900 994.56 300 1001.65 500 1009.13 900 1009.87 500 1014.68 800 1190.51 500 1200.07 500 1207.17 500 1209.77 300 1211.31 500 1941.35 500 2009.28 2400 2076.43 2600 2083.77 2400 2090.89 690 2255.52 780 2272.09 780 2279.57 480 2317.80 120 2334.96 190 h 2342.85 310 2351.33 170 2357.91 780 2402.72 150 2407.92 180 2455.53 150 2456.44 370 2456.57 280 2478.93 140 2498.42 140 2498.57 260 2507.01 110 2513.32

I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III I I I I I I I II II I II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 150 550 370 830 460 330 400 330 690 330 200 690 140 310 1800 100 110 350 1700 350 400 640 420 550 1800 740 370 1100 180 370 550 170 140 550 1400 460 440 330 310 390 330 830 740 490 370 930 3100 4900 6400 8300 640 790 690 6400 6900 6400 1300 3100 6200 830

2517.32 2535.59 2549.58 2609.06 2612.07 2642.96 2651.84 2659.62 2661.61 2678.76 2692.06 2712.41 2719.52 2725.47 2734.35 2735.72 2778.38 2787.83 2810.03 2810.55 2818.36 2829.16 2854.07 2861.41 2866.64 2874.98 2886.54 2908.88 2916.26 2945.67 2949.50 2965.16 2965.55 2976.59 2976.92 2988.95 2994.96 3006.59 3017.24 3020.88 3064.84 3096.57 3099.28 3100.84 3294.11 3301.59 3339.55 3417.35 3428.31 3436.74 3498.94 3514.49 3539.37 3570.59 3589.22 3593.02 3596.18 3599.76 3634.93 3661.35 3663.37

II II I I I I I I II II II II I II II I II II I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

650 550 8700 11000 7100 3500 870 2800 760 870 1200 600 600 1500 600 3900 6000 760 7600 7600 600 760 760 650 550 760 930 760 1300 650 1300 650 760 1500 3300 600 760 600 600 870 1500 600 1400 710 760 980 6000 930 1900 2000 650 870 550 550 7600 1500 5400 760 930 550 760

3669.49 3726.10 3726.93 3728.03 3730.43 3742.28 3742.78 3745.59 3753.54 3755.93 3759.84 3761.51 3767.35 3777.59 3782.74 3786.06 3790.51 3798.05 3798.90 3799.35 3812.72 3817.27 3819.03 3822.09 3824.93 3831.80 3839.70 3850.43 3857.55 3862.69 3867.84 3892.21 3909.08 3923.47 3925.92 3931.76 3945.57 3978.44 3979.42 3984.86 4022.16 4023.83 4051.40 4054.05 4068.37 4076.73 4080.60 4097.79 4112.74 4144.16 4145.74 4167.51 4197.58 4198.88 4199.90 4206.02 4212.06 4214.44 4217.27 4230.31 4241.05

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:03 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-68 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

760 760 550 3700 930 550 550 710 870 2400 870 1300 1700 1600 1100 5400 1700 720 1400 500 550 160 450 120 200 530 170 250 110 500 920 180 130 260 110 130 110 h 80 130 90 290 180 65 55 80 21 h 16 35 18 26 26 18 16 26 h 21 55 21 30 21 26 110

4243.06 4284.33 4295.93 4297.71 4307.60 4319.87 4342.07 4354.13 4361.21 4372.21 4385.39 4385.65 4390.44 4410.03 4460.04 4554.51 4584.44 4647.61 4709.48 4757.84 4869.15 5011.23 5057.33 5076.32 5093.83 5136.55 5142.76 5147.24 5151.07 5155.14 5171.03 5195.02 5284.08 5309.27 5335.93 5361.77 5401.04 5484.32 5510.71 5559.75 5636.24 5699.05 5814.98 5919.34 5921.45 5973.38 5988.67 5993.65 6116.77 6199.42 6225.20 6295.22 6390.23 6444.84 6663.14 6690.00 6766.95 6775.02 6824.17 6911.48 6923.23

Section 10.indb 68

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

26 26 35 16 18 26 70 26 18 18 22 30 80 18 22

6982.01 7027.98 7238.92 7393.93 7468.91 7485.79 7499.75 7559.61 7621.50 7722.87 7791.86 7847.80 7881.49 8264.96 8710.84

Samarium Sm Z = 62 150 2789.38 410 3152.52 720 3183.92 600 3211.73 530 3216.85 600 3218.61 720 3230.56 720 3236.64 720 3239.66 720 3250.37 850 3254.38 1700 3306.39 1200 3321.18 1200 3365.86 1200 3382.40 4200 3568.27 4200 3592.60 1700 3604.28 3400 3609.49 1700 3621.23 3400 3634.29 2200 3661.36 2200 3670.84 1100 3693.99 1600 3728.47 2100 3731.26 1600 3735.98 2900 3739.12 1200 3743.87 930 3745.46 800 3756.41 1200 3757.53 1900 3760.69 1100 3764.37 370 d 3773.33 1100 3778.14 1500 3788.12 1600 3793.97 1600 3797.73 1600 3826.20 1100 3831.50 560 3834.48 1600 3843.50 530 3853.30 2700 3854.21

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II II I II II II II II II I II I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

480 400 3700 1600 1300 2500 1900 1300 470 1500 1500 620 1000 1500 1400 1000 1900 1200 1000 1100 1000 1200 2100 1300 1200 2200 710 470 1600 1900 470 1800 440 1300 880 1100 440 530 1600 410 470 1500 2900 470 1600 1800 530 440 710 1300 1200 1000 2200 810 370 440 380 470 d 1100 370 530

3854.56 3858.74 3885.29 3896.98 3903.42 3922.40 3928.28 3941.87 3951.89 3963.00 3971.40 3974.66 3976.43 3990.00 4064.58 4092.27 4118.55 4152.21 4188.13 4203.05 4225.33 4236.74 4256.39 4262.68 4279.68 4280.79 4282.21 4282.83 4296.74 4318.94 4319.53 4329.02 4330.02 4334.15 4336.14 4347.80 4362.91 4380.42 4390.86 4401.17 4419.33 4420.53 4424.34 4429.66 4433.88 4434.32 4441.81 4442.28 4445.15 4452.73 4454.63 4458.52 4467.34 4470.89 4499.11 4581.73 4649.49 4670.75 4674.60 4688.73 4704.40

I I II II II II II II I II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I II I II I II I II I I II I I II II I II II I I I II II II II I I I I I II I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

730 770 470 730 580 350 970 730 630 350 430 400 540 510 350 360 470 250 260 400 250 220 230 230 140 140 120 85 70 60 70 d 60 60 65 65 50 50 65 50 50 45 45 h 45 100 140 110 50 120 d 95 120 120 90 90 90 90 90 26 30 30 26 85 d

4716.10 4728.42 4745.68 4760.27 4783.10 4785.86 4841.70 4883.97 4910.40 4913.25 4918.99 5044.28 5071.20 5117.16 5122.14 5155.03 5175.42 5200.59 5251.92 5271.40 5282.91 5453.00 5493.72 5516.09 5550.40 5659.86 5696.73 5706.20 5773.77 5778.33 5786.98 5788.38 5800.52 5802.84 5867.79 5874.21 5898.96 5965.71 6045.00 6070.06 6084.12 6159.56 6256.54 6267.28 6569.31 6589.72 6671.51 6731.84 6794.20 6860.93 6955.29 7020.44 7039.22 7042.24 7051.52 7082.37 7088.30 7095.50 7104.54 7115.96 7149.60

I I II I I I I I I II I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II I I I I I II II II I II II I II II II II II II I I I I II

5/4/05 8:06:06 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

23 60 26 30 26 13 45 12 40 w 16 90 40 16 45 40 w 19 45 w 45 w 95

7213.82 7240.90 7347.30 7444.56 7445.41 7470.76 7645.09 7645.82 7835.08 7895.96 7928.14 8048.70 8065.16 8068.46 8305.79 8383.71 8485.99 8708.43 8913.66

I II I I I I II I II I II II I II II I II II II

Scandium Sc Z = 21 350 180.14 500 243.87 500 252.85 500 253.73 900 283.91 800 284.45 600 288.29 900 289.59 15 289.85 1000 d 291.93 800 293.25 15 296.31 15 299.04 700 300.00 1000 573.36 600 587.94 10 785.12 25 1168.61 15 1550.80 180 1603.06 150 1610.19 160 2010.42 12 2118.97 11 2185.43 11 2205.46 14 2222.22 11 2271.33 110 2438.62 560 2545.22 2900 2552.37 560 2555.82 2300 2560.25 1100 2563.21 11 2586.93 120 2692.78 350 2699.07 360 2706.77 210 2707.95 580 2711.35 230 2734.05 340 2965.86

V V V V V V V V IV V V IV IV V V V IV III IV III III III IV IV IV IV IV I II II II II II IV I III I I I III I

Section 10.indb 69

10-69 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1200 1400 340 2200 2700 360 120 h 130 990 1500 4400 5500 110 d 270 9900 2000 1700 1700 4000 6600 130 200 200 270 530 270 180 130 d 110 200 2700 6600 6100 13000 9900 7700 4000 4000 28000 110 20000 13000 6600 110 5300 110 290 75 h 270 610 20000 23000 4400 5500 530 20000 20000 220 140 220 200

2974.01 2980.75 2988.95 3015.36 3019.34 3030.76 3056.31 3065.11 3251.32 3255.69 3269.91 3273.63 3343.28 3352.05 3353.73 3359.68 3361.27 3361.94 3368.95 3372.15 3418.51 3429.21 3429.48 3431.36 3435.56 3457.45 3462.19 3469.65 3471.13 3498.91 3535.73 3558.55 3567.70 3572.53 3576.35 3580.94 3589.64 3590.48 3613.84 3617.43 3630.75 3642.79 3645.31 3646.90 3651.80 3664.25 3666.54 3717.10 3833.07 3843.03 3907.49 3911.81 3933.38 3996.61 4014.49 4020.40 4023.69 4030.67 4031.39 4043.80 4046.48

I I I I I I I II II I I I II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II II II I II II II I II II II I II II I I I I II I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2700 120 5500 220 100 160 h 160 6100 200 400 440 h 530 h 720 1100 h 110 h 110 h 180 200 400 15000 290 350 4200 3300 2400 180 110 2000 130 1100 880 120 h 160 h 350 120 120 200 490 590 690 790 1200 200 220 170 90 90 90 170 120 150 140 530 250 530 250 2100 1200 1100 750 390

4047.79 4049.95 4054.55 4056.59 4068.66 4074.97 4078.57 4082.40 4086.67 4087.16 4133.00 4140.30 4152.36 4165.19 4218.26 4219.73 4231.93 4233.61 4238.05 4246.83 4294.77 4305.71 4314.09 4320.74 4325.01 4354.61 4358.64 4374.46 4384.81 4400.37 4415.56 4557.24 4573.99 4670.40 4706.97 4709.34 4728.77 4729.23 4734.10 4737.65 4741.02 4743.81 4753.16 4779.35 4839.44 4909.76 4922.84 4934.25 4954.06 4973.66 4980.37 4991.92 5031.02 5064.32 5070.23 5075.81 5081.56 5083.72 5085.55 5086.95 5087.14

I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II II II II I II II II II I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

270 390 620 370 180 150 320 390 280 350 280 210 120 350 120 210 530 270 370 270 120 750 530 570 660 660 70 110 80 250 1500 1200 1100 10 190 880 230 180 14 620 320 120 110 80 250 750 60 90 60 65 50 50 90 55 h 30 19 h 50 30 h 400

5089.89 5096.73 5099.23 5101.12 5109.06 5112.86 5116.69 5210.52 5219.67 5239.82 5258.33 5285.76 5341.05 5349.30 5349.71 5355.75 5356.10 5375.35 5392.08 5446.20 5451.34 5481.99 5484.62 5514.22 5520.50 5526.82 5564.86 5591.33 5640.98 5657.88 5671.81 5686.84 5700.21 5706.82 5708.61 5711.75 5717.28 5724.08 5771.63 6210.68 6239.78 6245.63 6249.96 6256.01 6258.96 6305.67 6378.82 6413.35 6604.60 6737.87 6819.52 6835.03 7449.16 7741.17 7800.44 8761.40 8829.78 8834.35 22051.86

I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II II I I I IV I I I I IV I I II I III I I I I II I I I III I I I III I I

150

22065.05

I

5/4/05 8:06:09 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-70 Intensity Selenium Se 360 360 450 360 450 450 360 360 360 450 360 360 360 360 360 450 360 360 450 450 360 360 360 450 360 450 450 285 285 285 120 120 150 150 250 150 200 150 150 150 150 200 150 150 250 200 150 150 250 250 250 250 300 300 250 400 350 300 500 500

Section 10.indb 70

Wavelength/Å Z = 34 613.0 652.7 670.1 724.3 746.4 759.1 808.7 830.3 832.7 839.5 843.0 845.8 912.9 959.6 974.8 996.7 1013.4 1014.0 1033.6 1049.6 1057.4 1094.7 1099.1 1119.2 1141.9 1192.3 1227.6 1291.0 1308.9 1314.4 1435.3 1435.8 1449.2 1500.9 1530.4 1531.3 1531.8 1575.3 1577.6 1577.9 1579.5 1580.0 1587.5 1593.2 1606.5 1617.4 1621.2 1643.4 1671.2 1675.3 1690.7 1793.3 1795.3 1855.2 1858.8 1898.6 1913.8 1919.2 1960.9 2039.8

V IV IV III IV V V V II V III V II IV III IV II II II II II V III III II II V II II IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

285 500 285 500 600 300 360 285 285 220 160 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 360 450 285 285 220 285 500 400 300 285 360 450 360 100 120 110 285 285 285 450 285 200 360 285 285 150 120 100 200 150 300 200 250 150 300 200 150 150 180 150 200 180 150

2057.5 2074.8 2136.6 2164.2 2413.5 2548.0 2665.5 2724.3 2767.2 2773.8 2951.6 3387.2 3413.9 3457.8 3637.6 3738.7 3800.9 4169.1 4175.3 4180.9 4382.9 4446.0 4449.2 4467.6 4730.8 4739.0 4742.2 4840.6 4845.0 5227.5 5305.4 5365.5 5369.9 5374.1 5522.4 5566.9 5866.3 6056.0 6303.8 6325.6 6444.2 6490.5 6535.0 6831.3 6990.690 6991.792 7010.809 7013.875 7062.065 7575.1 7583.4 7592.2 8001.0 8036.4 8093.2 8094.7 8149.3 8152.0 8157.7 8163.1 8182.9

III I IV I I I IV IV III III IV III III III III III III III II II II II II II I I I II II II II I I I II II II II III I II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

150 150 150 300 200 200 100 200 377 900 640 275 170 205 315 410 500 320 265 395 360 505 205 235 680 415 270 240 150 265 375 255 510

8440.47 8450.38 8742.33 8918.86 9001.97 9038.61 9432.50 10217.25 10307.45 10327.26 10386.36 11946.87 11952.64 11972.93 14817.93 14917.47 15151.44 15471.00 15520.97 15618.40 16659.44 16813.78 16866.54 21374.24 21442.56 21473.48 21716.36 21730.60 23388.85 24148.18 24385.99 25017.51 25127.43

Silicon Si Z = 14 10 85.18 15 96.44 10 97.14 20 117.86 20 118.97 4 457.82 8 566.61 8 653.33 7 815.05 8 818.13 9 823.41 40 h 845.77 100 889.72 200 892.00 9 967.95 100 989.87 200 992.68 10 993.52 13 994.79 16 997.39 50 1023.69 8 1066.63 14 1108.37 16 1109.97 18 1113.23 8 1122.49 10 1128.34

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V V V V V IV III III IV IV III II II II III II II III III III II IV III III III IV IV

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 200 250 100 30 30 9 10 50 100 150 200 100 150 100 150 200 40 50 1000 2000 200 17 14 15 18 14 16 100 50 h 200 13 100 100 150 100 100 15 12 13 90 h 100 h 12 10 9 100 h 50 h 60 p 500 1000 150 100 300 200 100 100 100 200 200 200 100 h

1190.42 1193.28 1194.50 1197.39 1206.51 1206.53 1207.52 1210.46 1226.81 1227.60 1228.75 1229.39 1246.74 1248.43 1250.09 1250.43 1251.16 1256.49 1258.80 1260.42 1264.73 1265.02 1294.54 1296.73 1298.89 1298.96 1301.15 1303.32 1304.37 1305.59 1309.27 1312.59 1346.87 1348.54 1350.06 1352.64 1353.72 1393.76 1402.77 1417.24 1485.02 1485.51 1500.24 1501.19 1501.87 1509.10 1512.07 1516.91 1526.72 1533.45 1594.55 1622.87 1629.43 1629.92 1667.62 1668.52 1672.59 1675.20 1696.20 1697.94 1770.92

II II II II III III III III II II II II II II II II II I I II II II III III III III III III II II II III II II II II II IV IV III II II III III III II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:12 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 h 100 h 150 500 h 200 200 200 9 200 300 400 200 500 200 500 h 200 200 200 h 1000 h 100 h 50 h 50 100 100 50 50 200 200 100 50 h 110 115 110 120 120 10 10 100 h 30 h 50 h 300 11 425 375 500 7 350 425 450 110 25 10 14 30 85 45 190 11 14 9 1000

1776.83 1799.12 1808.00 1814.07 1816.92 1836.51 1841.44 1842.55 1843.77 1845.51 1847.47 1848.14 1850.67 1852.46 1874.84 1881.85 1887.70 1893.25 1901.33 1902.46 1910.62 1941.67 1949.56 1954.97 2058.65 2059.01 2072.02 2072.70 2124.12 2136.56 2207.98 2210.89 2211.74 2216.67 2218.06 2296.87 2308.19 2356.30 2357.18 2357.97 2435.15 2449.48 2506.90 2514.32 2516.113 2517.51 2519.202 2524.108 2528.509 2532.381 2541.82 2546.09 2559.21 2563.679 2568.641 2577.151 2631.282 2640.79 2655.51 2817.11 2881.579

Section 10.indb 71

I I II I II I I III I I I I I I I I I I I II II II II I II II II II I II I I I I I III III II II II I III I I I IV I I I I III III III I I I I III III III I

10-71 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

300 500 55 150 50 75 100 h 9 100 h 50 h 150 h 25 20 16 9 16 13 150 150 100 14 200 100 h 200 h 15 75 12 14 15 12 10 300 500 15 9 20 8 20 c 25 30 100 h 500 h 200 h 300 20 10 70 9 300 h 500 h 100 h 50 9 30 25 20 100 150 9h 10 h 9

2904.28 2905.69 2970.355 2987.645 3006.739 3020.004 3030.00 3040.93 3043.69 3048.30 3053.18 3086.24 3093.42 3096.83 3165.71 3185.13 3186.02 3188.97 3193.09 3195.41 3196.50 3199.51 3203.87 3210.03 3210.55 3214.66 3230.50 3233.95 3241.62 3258.66 3276.26 3333.14 3339.82 3486.91 3525.94 3590.47 3762.44 3791.41 3796.11 3806.54 3853.66 3856.02 3862.60 3905.523 3924.47 4088.85 4102.936 4116.10 4128.07 4130.89 4190.72 4198.13 4338.50 4552.62 4567.82 4574.76 4621.42 4621.72 4631.24 4654.32 4683.02

II II I I I I II III II II II III III III IV III III II II II III II II II III II III III III III III II II III III III IV III III III II II II I III IV I IV II II II II III III III III II II IV IV III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

16 50 35 80 15 16 18 30 40 1000 1000 10 h 100 100 h 200 h 500 h 100 h 100 h 100 h 500 h 500 h 100 h 200 h 35 100 h 150 h 30 100 h 200 h 90 150 h 80 1000 h 120 300 h 100 90 200 h 100 h 160 20 45 45 45 45 70 70 90 100 150 h 200 50 300 h 40 10 h 150 200 500 500 90 85

4716.65 4782.991 4792.212 4792.324 4813.33 4819.72 4828.97 4947.607 5006.061 5041.03 5055.98 5091.42 5181.90 5185.25 5192.86 5202.41 5405.34 5438.62 5456.45 5466.43 5466.87 5469.21 5496.45 5517.535 5540.74 5576.66 5622.221 5632.97 5639.48 5645.611 5660.66 5665.554 5669.56 5684.484 5688.81 5690.425 5701.105 5701.37 5706.37 5708.397 5739.73 5747.667 5753.625 5754.220 5762.977 5772.145 5780.384 5793.071 5797.859 5800.47 5806.74 5846.13 5868.40 5873.764 5898.79 5915.22 5948.545 5957.56 5978.93 6125.021 6131.574

III I I I III III III I I II II III II II II II II II II II II II II I II II I II II I II I II I II I I II II I III I I I I I I I I II II II II I III II I II II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

90 100 100 160 160 40 125 125 180 45 1000 1000 45 45 45 50 h 100 7 50 h 100 50 30 80 180 180 90 250 6h 200 100 100 180 160 400 375 200 275 425 9h 12 h 100 6h 30 400 500 30 90 120 140 35 35 70 9h 11 h 35 9h 40 40 60 40 120

6131.850 6142.487 6145.015 6155.134 6237.320 6238.287 6243.813 6244.468 6254.188 6331.954 6347.10 6371.36 6526.609 6527.199 6555.462 6660.52 6671.88 6701.21 6717.04 6721.853 6829.82 6848.568 6976.523 7003.567 7005.883 7017.646 7034.903 7047.94 7165.545 7226.206 7235.326 7250.625 7275.294 7289.173 7405.774 7409.082 7415.946 7423.497 7466.32 7612.36 7680.267 7723.82 7800.008 7848.80 7849.72 7849.967 7918.386 7932.349 7944.001 7970.306 8035.619 8093.241 8102.86 8103.45 8230.642 8262.57 8443.982 8501.547 8502.221 8536.165 8556.780

I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I II II IV II I II I I I I I I IV I I I I I I I I I I III III I IV I II II I I I I I I I III III I III I I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:14 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-72 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

50 40 75 100 35 100 100 30 120 120 120 30 30 60 30 80 140 60 130 30 30 80 30 80 370 220 440 190 95 110

8648.462 8728.011 8742.451 8752.009 8790.389 9412.72 9413.506 10371.269 10585.141 10603.431 10660.975 10694.251 10727.408 10749.384 10784.550 10786.856 10827.091 10843.854 10869.541 10882.802 10885.336 10979.308 10982.061 11017.965 11984.19 11991.57 12031.51 15888.39 16060.03 19722.50

Silver Ag Z = 47 25 730.83 30 752.80 400 799.41 15 1005.32 10 1065.49 12 1072.23 250 1074.22 150 1107.03 150 1112.46 60 1195.83 50 1223.33 50 1240.80 50 1246.87 55 1256.81 55 1257.55 50 1266.63 70 1273.67 65 1297.51 85 1311.20 55 1313.81 50 1314.61 60 1323.84 60 1342.09 50 1342.57 70 1346.62 50 1353.54 150 1364.50 100 1396.00 100 1410.93 90 1419.72

Section 10.indb 72

I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

95 100 50 50 r 100 r 50 r 100 100 60 50 700 120 500 10 50 125 750 10 h 75 600 700 100 600 500 600 150 150 200 100 80 r 60 600 50 60 100 r 500 75 r 75 30 h 700 70 r 80 r 70 r 80 r 70 50 h 75 90 r 100 r 80 80 60 50 h 60 60 75 100 h 30 h 90 100 55000 r

1432.60 1464.72 1466.23 1507.37 1515.63 1548.58 1555.16 1644.50 1651.52 1652.10 1656.18 1682.82 1693.51 1708.11 1709.27 1736.44 1751.03 1766.14 1790.37 1917.08 1957.62 1967.38 1975.92 1977.03 2000.24 2015.96 2033.98 2061.17 2069.85 2113.82 2145.60 2161.89 2186.76 2229.53 2246.43 2246.51 2248.74 2280.03 2309.56 2310.04 2317.05 2320.29 2324.68 2331.40 2357.92 2375.02 2411.41 2413.23 2437.81 2447.93 2473.84 2506.63 2575.63 2660.49 2721.77 2767.54 2824.39 3130.02 3180.70 3267.35 3280.68

II II II I I I II II I I III II III I I II III I II III III II III III III II II I I II II III II II II III II II I III II II II II II I II II II II II II I II I II I I II II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

28000 r 30 70 80 50 50 h 75 30 80 50 h 200 50 100 h 50 h 50 50 h 70 60 100 h 70 100 h 80 100 90 h 100 50 50 h 30 h 80 50 60 h 30 h 100 30 h 100 80 1000 1000 100 100 10 h 320 25 500 25 30 h 10 h 12 15 10 60 20 15 15

3382.89 3469.16 3475.82 3495.28 3542.61 3624.68 3682.46 3682.50 3683.34 3709.20 3810.94 3811.78 3840.74 3907.41 3909.31 3914.40 3920.10 3949.43 3981.58 3985.19 4055.48 4085.91 4185.48 4210.96 4212.82 4311.07 4476.04 4615.69 4620.04 4620.46 4668.48 4677.60 4788.40 4847.82 4874.10 5027.35 5209.08 5465.50 5471.55 5667.34 6268.50 7687.78 8005.4 8273.52 8403.8 8645.70 8704.85 8747.6 9000.9 12551.0 16819.5 17416.7 18307.9 18382.3

I I II II I I II I II I I I I I II I II II I II I II II I I I I I II II I I II I I II I I I I I I II I II I I II II I I I I I

Sodium Na 7 8 9 8 8 8

Z = 11 142.232 146.064 150.298 150.687 155.510 156.537

IV IV IV IV IV IV

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

12 10 12 10 5 10 10 8 8 8p 8 8 15 50 c 30 25 70 50 50 20 p 20 10 300 350 100 70 12 10 15 10 13 11 11 d 12 12 d 11 12 11 15 c 20 d 12 11 12 d 30 16 20 h 300 18 17 300 300 25 18 20 1000 25 17 20 10 70 35

162.448 163.190 168.411 168.546 183.95 190.445 199.772 202.49 202.76 203.06 203.28 203.33 229.87 250.52 251.37 266.90 267.65 267.87 268.63 272.08 272.45 319.644 372.08 376.38 378.14 380.10 408.684 409.614 410.372 411.334 412.242 1582.18 1583.98 1584.14 1587.05 1615.92 1618.57 1655.47 1701.97 1887.47 1960.76 1965.08 2106.33 2230.33 2232.19 2246.70 2315.65 2386.99 2394.03 2420.99 2424.73 2459.31 2468.85 2474.73 2493.15 2497.03 2510.26 2543.84 2543.87 2593.87 2593.92

IV IV IV IV III IV IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV II II III III IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV III IV IV IV III III III II III III II II III III III II III III I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:17 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

850 850 1000 200 100 1000 400 200 2 1100 1100 1100 1200 1300 1000 1200 1100 1000 1100 1100 1300 1700 2500 1700 2000 2000 1000 1700 1600 1500 1700 1700 1200 600 1500 1000 50 1500 1200 6 10 1 2 15 20 2 3 30 40 3 5 40 60 5 8 60 100 10 15 120 200

2611.81 2661.00 2671.83 2680.34 2680.43 2841.72 2852.81 2853.01 2893.62 2904.92 2917.52 2919.05 2919.85 2920.95 2923.49 2951.24 2952.40 2977.13 2979.66 2980.63 2984.19 3124.42 3135.48 3137.86 3149.28 3163.74 3179.06 3189.79 3212.19 3257.96 3285.60 3301.35 3302.37 3302.98 3304.96 3318.04 3426.86 3533.05 3631.27 4238.99 4242.08 4249.41 4252.52 4273.64 4276.79 4287.84 4291.01 4321.40 4324.62 4341.49 4344.74 4390.03 4393.34 4419.88 4423.25 4494.18 4497.66 4541.63 4545.19 4664.811 4668.560

Section 10.indb 73

II II II I I II I I I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-73 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

20 30 200 400 40 80 280 70 560 80000 40000 120 240 130 130 130 20 10 50 25 4400 800 8800 100 60 25 40 60 80 20 60 200 80 120 35 50 400 1000 400 60 100 60 100 400 50 25 60 100

4747.941 4751.822 4978.541 4982.813 5148.838 5153.402 5682.633 5688.193 5688.205 5889.950 5895.924 6154.225 6160.747 6530.70 6544.04 6545.75 7373.23 7373.49 7809.78 7810.24 8183.256 8194.790 8194.824 8649.92 8650.89 8942.96 9153.88 9465.94 9961.28 10566.00 10572.28 10746.44 10749.29 10834.87 11190.19 11197.21 11381.45 11403.78 12679.17 14767.48 14779.73 16373.85 16388.85 18465.25 22056.44 22083.67 23348.41 23379.13

Strontium Sr Z = 38 15 298.12 15 300.12 125 330.67 500 351.62 75 358.80 250 363.49 150 371.21 20 378.53 75 392.44 50 393.00 50 396.22 1000 437.24

I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV IV III III III III III IV IV IV IV III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1875 1250 3750 10 2500 25 30 25 50 25 200 35 100 12 50 35 50 1400 1400 100 100 50 160 100 40 40 100 200 10 100 50 50 100 400 650 50 950 600 1300 46000 32000 9 340 65000 9 3200 2200 1400 4800 3600 3000 2000 1000 8000 1300 800 h 1400 2000 2000 2800 4800

491.79 507.04 514.38 517.28 562.75 578.01 624.93 642.23 649.21 660.94 664.43 686.23 710.35 747.82 1025.23 1125.49 1236.23 2152.84 2165.96 2273.71 2340.13 2346.97 2428.10 2486.52 2555.60 2571.04 3002.61 3012.32 3019.29 3021.73 3061.43 3182.61 3235.39 3351.25 3380.71 3430.76 3464.46 3969.26 4030.38 4077.71 4215.52 4298.57 4305.45 4607.33 4685.08 4722.28 4741.92 4784.32 4811.88 4832.08 4872.49 4876.32 4891.98 4962.26 4967.94 5156.07 5222.20 5225.11 5229.27 5238.55 5256.90

III III III V III V V V V V IV V IV V III III III II II III III IV I III IV IV III III IV III III III III I II III II I I II II IV II I IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

40 40 1500 7000 3500 2600 2000 2000 1000 900 h 600 h 9000 5500 1000 1700 3000 1800 4800 1200 5500 2500 500 400 h 200 h 120 200 100 400 h 600 300 100 100 h 300 1000 200 700 100 60 40 75 100 50 230 120 30

5257.71 5443.48 5450.84 5480.84 5504.17 5521.83 5534.81 5540.05 6380.75 6386.50 6388.24 6408.47 6504.00 6546.79 6550.26 6617.26 6791.05 6878.38 6892.59 7070.10 7309.41 7621.50 7673.06 8422.80 8505.69 8688.91 9294.10 9448.95 9596.00 9624.70 9638.10 9647.70 10036.66 10327.31 10914.88 11241.25 12014.76 12445.90 12495.00 12974.70 13123.80 17447.40 20261.40 20700.70 26023.60

Sulfur S Z = 16 5 437.4 5 438.2 5 439.6 20 519.3 20 520.1 40 520.8 20 522.0 20 522.5 20 551.2 40 652.5 40 653.0 70 653.6 40 654.0 70 655.6 20 655.9

III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II I I I I I II II II II I II II I II II I I I I V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV

5/4/05 8:06:20 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-74 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 40 70 40 160 110 40 40 70 20 40 110 40 20 70 110 70 70 110 110 110 110 285 70 70 70 70 70 110 70 70 160 110 220 110 110 40 40 40 40 40 160 160 70 285 40 70 70 40 40 110 110 275 250 280 275 235 235 245 260 265

657.3 658.3 659.8 660.9 661.4 663.2 663.7 664.8 666.1 678.1 680.3 680.9 681.6 693.5 729.5 732.42 735.2 738.5 744.9 748.4 750.2 753.8 786.5 789.0 796.7 800.5 804.0 809.7 816.0 824.9 836.3 849.2 852.2 854.8 857.9 860.5 906.9 910.5 912.7 937.4 937.7 1062.7 1073.0 1073.5 1077.1 1102.3 1194.0 1201.0 1234.1 1250.5 1253.8 1259.5 1270.782 1277.216 1295.653 1302.337 1302.863 1303.110 1303.430 1305.883 1310.194

Section 10.indb 74

IV V V IV IV V IV IV IV V V V V V III III III III IV IV IV IV V III III IV IV IV IV III III V V V V V II II II II II IV IV IV III II III III II II II II I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

355 290 375 355 775 710 960 640 775 1000 300 510 425 300 300 425 550 300 355 485 300 330 390 20 20 680 640 710 680 640 710 550 20 40 110 110 160 160 220 70 220 110 110 220 110 220 220 110 285 110 160 110 160 160 110 110 160 110 160 160 285

1316.542 1316.618 1323.515 1326.643 1381.552 1385.510 1388.435 1389.154 1392.588 1396.112 1409.337 1425.030 1433.280 1436.968 1448.229 1472.972 1473.995 1474.380 1481.665 1483.039 1483.233 1485.622 1487.150 1624.0 1629.2 1666.688 1687.530 1807.311 1820.343 1826.245 1900.286 1914.698 2387.0 2398.9 2460.5 2489.6 2496.2 2499.1 2508.2 2636.9 2665.4 2691.8 2702.8 2718.9 2721.4 2726.8 2731.1 2741.0 2756.9 2775.2 2785.5 2863.5 2904.3 2986.0 3097.5 3497.3 3632.0 3709.4 3717.8 3838.3 3867.6

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV IV I I I I I I I IV IV III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III III IV III III III III III I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

285 160 360 450 280 360 450 450 360 450 285 160 280 450 360 450 285 360 650 1000 1000 1000 280 1000 450 450 280 650 450 160 450 450 280 450 450 450 280 280 280 360 160 285 450 450 450 285 450 1000 160 285 450 450 450 450 450 450 285 450 360 110 220

3902.0 3928.6 3933.3 4120.8 4142.3 4145.1 4153.1 4162.7 4253.6 4694.1 4695.4 4696.2 4716.2 4815.5 4924.1 4925.3 4993.5 5428.6 5432.8 5453.8 5473.6 5509.7 5564.9 5606.1 5640.0 5640.3 5647.0 5659.9 5664.7 5706.1 5819.2 6052.7 6286.4 6287.1 6305.5 6312.7 6384.9 6397.3 6398.0 6413.7 6743.6 6748.8 6757.2 7579.0 7629.8 7686.1 7696.7 7924.0 7928.8 7930.3 7931.7 7967.4 7967.4 8314.7 8314.7 8585.6 8680.5 8694.7 8874.5 8882.5 8884.2

I III II I II II II II III I I I II II II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II I II I II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

160 450 450 450 285 285 285 650 450 450 450 285 285 285 285 285 285 285

9035.9 9212.9 9228.1 9237.5 9413.5 9421.9 9437.1 9649.9 9672.3 9680.8 9693.7 9697.3 9739.7 9932.3 9949.8 9958.9 10455.5 10459.5

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Tantalum Ta Z = 73 60 493.07 1000 890.87 500 947.30 67 999.34 79 1116.10 78 1136.17 85 1175.51 80 1189.28 80 1192.67 85 1213.09 500 1213.42 85 1215.53 90 1223.73 88 1238.12 95 1240.06 87 1258.34 94 1264.91 98 1272.42 94 1275.48 86 1275.94 92 1308.51 87 1315.58 92 1332.38 86 1343.30 92 1365.88 5000 1392.56 91 1398.78 93 1413.40 91 1454.32 92 1464.41 93 1469.82 90 1495.25 95 1514.19 85 1607.70 7000 1709.10 85 1712.16 85 1716.13 85 2055.75 1100 2140.13 1500 2146.87 1200 2182.71 1100 2193.88

V V V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV V IV IV IV II II II II

5/4/05 8:06:23 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1500 90 1500 90 1400 d 1400 1200 840 990 990 790 600 990 440 440 440 420 690 550 250 260 600 320 1400 2400 320 360 360 480 380 600 500 600 500 600 600 1200 d 600 1200 460 600 600 1400 1200 860 2400 2600 1900 1500 770 1500 470 1000 1200 2600 470 1200 860 410 1000 430

2196.03 2199.58 2199.67 2207.64 2210.03 2239.48 2250.76 2261.42 2262.30 2272.59 2285.25 2286.59 2289.16 2302.24 2302.93 2312.60 2315.46 2331.98 2332.19 2357.30 2361.09 2364.24 2371.58 2387.06 2400.63 2416.89 2427.64 2429.71 2432.70 2470.90 2474.62 2484.95 2488.70 2490.46 2504.45 2507.45 2526.35 2532.12 2559.43 2562.10 2577.37 2603.49 2608.63 2635.58 2636.90 2647.47 2653.27 2656.61 2661.34 2675.90 2685.17 2694.52 2698.30 2710.13 2714.67 2727.44 2748.78 2749.83 2752.49 2758.31 2761.68

Section 10.indb 75

II IV II IV II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II I II II II I II II II I I II I I I I II I I II II I II I I I I I II II II I I I II I I II I II

10-75 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

770 680 680 510 640 560 1500 1900 360 470 380 770 560 310 410 310 1700 470 1200 510 340 1500 770 770 340 430 1800 290 d 530 530 360 560 380 380 270 320 270 600 300 1100 680 330 d 640 360 450 490 380 490 750 980 500 210 210 210 410 310 300 360 c 340 260 450

2775.88 2796.34 2797.76 2806.58 2844.25 2848.52 2850.49 2850.98 2861.98 2871.42 2880.02 2891.84 2902.05 2915.49 2925.19 2932.70 2933.55 2940.06 2940.22 2951.92 2953.56 2963.32 2965.13 2965.54 2969.47 2975.56 3012.54 3027.48 3049.56 3069.24 3077.24 3103.25 3124.97 3130.58 3132.64 3170.29 3173.59 3180.95 3223.83 3311.16 3318.84 3330.99 3371.54 3385.05 3406.94 3480.52 3497.85 3511.04 3607.41 3626.62 3642.06 3918.51 3970.10 3996.17 4061.40 4067.91 4205.88 4510.98 4574.31 4619.51 4681.88

I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 100 110 100 100 330 110 110 d 140 200 130 90 150 130 130 90 130 240 130 90 90 130 240 190 c 100 250 100 100 65 130 150 150 150 75 65 75 65 90 65 250 200 380 65 100 100 100 110 75 100 180 75 c 75 160 c 210 180 150 140 140 65 180 110 d

5037.37 5067.87 5115.84 5141.62 5143.69 5156.56 5212.74 5218.45 5341.05 5402.51 5419.19 5518.91 5645.91 5664.90 5776.77 5780.71 5811.10 5877.36 5882.30 5901.91 5918.95 5939.76 5944.02 5997.23 6020.72 6045.39 6047.25 6101.58 6144.56 6154.50 6256.68 6268.70 6309.58 6325.08 6341.17 6356.16 6360.84 6389.45 6428.60 6430.79 6450.36 6485.37 6505.52 6514.39 6516.10 6574.84 6611.95 6621.30 6673.73 6675.53 6740.73 6771.74 6813.25 6866.23 6875.27 6902.10 6927.38 6928.54 6951.26 6966.13 6995.22

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

75 150 110 140 160 140 c 100 90 cw 160 100 75 75

7006.96 7148.63 7172.90 7301.74 7346.41 7352.86 7356.96 7369.09 7407.89 7882.37 8026.50 8281.62

I I I I I I I I I I I I

Technetium Tc Z = 43 10000 c 3636.07 20000 c 4031.63 15000 4095.67 20000 4262.27 30000 4297.06 20000 4853.59

I I I I I I

Tellurium Te Z = 52 8 802.28 8 1059.51 8 1077.66 10 1161.42 10 1174.34 12 1175.79 9 1208.54 9 1220.98 9 1253.62 9 1270.52 10 1324.92 9 1363.24 8 1366.73 10 1374.80 10 1608.41 10 1613.15 5 1655.4 5 1688.5 6 1700.0 5 1708.0 10 1822.4 26000 2002.02 6500 2081.16 18000 2142.81 3200 2147.25 500 2259.02 1200 2383.26 1500 2385.78 50 2438.69 120 2530.72 100 2649.66 80 2661.10 110 2677.13 100 2858.29 150 2895.41 70 2967.29 70 3047.00 100 3175.14 60 3256.80 60 3329.22

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II II I II II II II I II II

5/4/05 8:06:25 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-76 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

150 50 50 50 100 50 50 70 100 80 100 60 80 150 75 170 80 100 70 100 180 200 100 100 100 100 100 150 150 130 200 8 50 50 150 150 100 200 150 100 50 10 h 20 h 20 h 15 h 20 h 12 15 15 15 10 30 h 10 20 15 15 10 205 81 5660 532

3406.79 3442.25 3521.11 3552.19 3611.78 3617.57 4006.52 4127.32 4169.77 4225.73 4261.11 4273.43 4285.85 4364.00 4385.10 4478.63 4537.07 4557.78 4630.62 4641.12 4654.37 4686.91 4696.38 4706.53 4766.05 4784.87 4827.14 4831.28 4842.90 4865.12 4866.24 5083.0 5449.84 5487.95 5576.35 5649.26 5666.20 5708.12 5755.85 5974.68 6367.13 6790.0 6837.6 6854.7 7191.1 7263.5 7460.98 7468.75 7921.69 7943.14 7950.34 8061.4 8122.44 8186.44 8273.53 8672.95 8733.81 8758.18 9004.37 9722.74 9868.92

Section 10.indb 76

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II II II II II II II II I I I I I II II II II II I II II II II II I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

689 325 5950 4097 381 397 745 1880 10200 508 6620 1580 1050 1480 2430 3760 1960 2780 1020 464 74 38

9956.30 9977.13 10051.41 10091.01 10118.08 10300.56 10493.57 10918.34 11089.56 11163.74 11487.23 13247.75 14513.51 15452.45 15546.23 16403.90 17303.54 18291.59 21043.73 21602.50 22555.29 26539.17

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Terbium Tb 1000 1000 1000 5000 2000 2000 1000 1000 110 110 130 140 190 270 320 250 230 230 460 460 670 480 480 480 440 480 480 1100 1200 480 760 760 1000 1500 3800 760 760 810

Z = 65 1259.40 1327.67 1373.86 1595.39 1633.19 2027.79 2089.98 2332.54 2584.61 2608.57 2628.69 2669.29 2704.07 2769.53 2897.44 2956.21 3010.59 3016.18 3053.55 3070.05 3078.86 3082.36 3089.58 3102.96 3139.64 3187.26 3199.56 3218.93 3219.98 3252.32 3280.31 3281.40 3285.04 3293.07 3324.40 3349.42 3364.93 3454.06

IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

810 d 810 5700 1300 1100 810 3200 810 4200 1600 1100 710 810 1600 810 2300 810 2000 3800 810 450 450 4700 2400 1000 d 650 870 870 1100 650 1700 2100 600 410 760 d 1500 540 920 d 3700 3500 w 480 490 2400 1600 480 650 760 810 d 2200 d 1800 970 1900 760 870 2100 430 410 1300 650 1100 350

3472.79 3500.84 3509.17 3523.66 3540.24 3543.89 3561.74 3567.35 3568.52 3568.98 3579.20 3585.03 3596.38 3600.44 3625.54 3650.40 3654.88 3658.88 3676.35 3682.26 3693.58 3700.12 3702.86 3703.92 3711.76 3745.04 3747.17 3747.34 3755.24 3759.35 3765.14 3776.49 3783.53 3789.92 3806.85 3830.26 3833.42 3842.50 3848.73 3874.17 3888.22 3894.64 3899.20 3901.33 3908.06 3915.43 3925.45 3939.52 3976.84 3981.87 4002.59 4005.47 4012.75 4032.28 4033.03 4054.12 4060.37 4061.58 4105.37 4144.41 4158.53

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I II II II I II II II I I II I I II I I II II II I I II I I I II II II II II II II I II I I I I II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

390 650 600 480 480 650 760 cw 450 2200 600 600 3000 600 870 600 1700 700 870 330 300 260 350 240 240 430 75 110 110 110 110 210 65 65 75 d 95 65 65 h 85 210 260 cw 80 80 80 70 c 80 80 200 110 80 70 410 cw 180 100 80 80 95 65 85 110 75 85

4196.74 4203.74 4206.49 4215.09 4232.82 4266.34 4278.52 4310.42 4318.83 4322.23 4325.83 4326.43 4332.12 4336.43 4337.64 4338.41 4340.62 4356.81 4382.45 4388.23 4390.91 4423.10 4436.12 4448.04 4493.07 4514.31 4549.07 4550.45 4556.46 4563.69 4578.69 4584.84 4591.56 4626.32 4626.94 4632.07 4636.59 4641.00 4641.98 4645.31 4647.23 4662.79 4676.90 4681.87 4688.63 4693.11 4702.41 4707.94 4739.93 4747.80 4752.53 4786.78 4813.77 4875.57 4881.15 4915.90 4931.79 4993.82 5078.25 5089.12 5186.13

I I I I I I II I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I II II II II II II I I II II II I I I I II II II II I I II I I II II I I II I II I

5/4/05 8:06:28 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

120 75 75 w 75 65 110 65 w 160 75 75 50 55 55 50 65 85 c 75 75 65 65 65 65 c 75 35 35 cw 35 90 40 cw 130 55 45 h 40 65 40 45 45 27 h 45 65 30 30 30 27 30 30 65 95 40 30 h 45 30 65

5228.12 5248.71 5262.11 5281.05 5304.72 5319.23 5337.90 5354.88 5369.72 5375.98 5424.10 5459.81 5509.61 5514.54 5524.12 5747.58 5795.64 5803.13 5815.36 5851.07 5870.62 5920.78 5967.34 6331.68 6518.68 6581.82 6677.94 6702.61 6794.58 6896.37 6899.95 6901.98 7204.28 7257.73 7348.88 7496.12 7582.03 7590.24 7596.44 7627.81 7737.63 7855.79 7927.90 8025.42 8085.06 8194.82 8212.57 8450.06 8511.80 8583.45 8603.40 8765.74

I I II I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II I I I I II II I I II I II II I I I I II I II I I I I II II II II II I II I II I II

Thallium Tl 10 5r 15 r 5r 10 r 5r 8r 30

Z = 81 570.49 670.87 696.30 709.23 817.18 836.34 1018.85 1028.69

IV II II II II II II IV

Section 10.indb 77

10-77 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

20 20 10 r 8r 5r 30 10 r 15 r 10 r 10 r 12 r 5r 10 15 r 8r 25 r 8r 10 r 10 8r 10 r 10 r 15 r 10 r 7r 5h 5 10 r 12 r 25 r 100 r 100 r 30 140 900 h 20 700 420 4400 d 10 2800 20 15 15 15 1200 15 15 9 20000 5000 8 9 12000 w 10 10 7 6 20 40 20

1034.73 1036.61 1049.73 1050.30 1074.97 1079.68 1130.17 1162.55 1167.43 1183.41 1194.84 1246.00 1266.33 1307.50 1310.20 1321.71 1330.40 1373.52 1477.14 1489.65 1499.30 1507.82 1561.58 1568.57 1593.26 1616. 1685.40 1792.76 1814.85 1908.64 2007.56 2210.71 2298.04 2315.98 2379.69 2530.86 2580.14 2709.23 2767.87 2849.80 2918.32 3091.56 3185.51 3186.56 3187.74 3229.75 3291.01 3369.15 3456.34 3519.24 3529.43 3540.08 3560.68 3775.72 3832.30 3887.15 4109.85 4269.81 4274.98 4306.80 4737.05

IV IV II II II IV II II II II II II III II II II II II III I II II II II II I I II II II I I II I I II I I I II I II II II II I II II III I I II II I II II III III II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

15 25 25 18000 15 d 10 25 10 10 16 h 10 10 20 10 10 20 20 40 20 30 40 1000 150 700

4981.35 5078.54 5152.14 5350.46 5384.85 5410.97 5949.48 6179.98 6378.32 6549.84 6966.5 7815.80 8373.6 8474.27 8664.1 9130. 9130.5 9509.4 9930.4 10011.9 10488.80 11512.82 12736.4 13013.2

II II II I II II II II II I II I I I II II I I I I I I I I

Thorium Th 150 200 200 200 200 200 200 500 480 520 410 800 1200 100 550 100 100 420 450 670 480 510 100 510 510 480 100 420 420 420 1100 770 560 560 480 590

Z = 90 1707.37 1959.02 2002.34 2413.50 2427.94 2431.68 2441.24 2565.593 2692.415 2747.156 2752.166 2832.315 2837.295 2848.084 2870.406 2936.086 2943.729 3049.092 3067.729 3078.828 3080.217 3108.296 3116.263 3119.526 3122.963 3125.507 3136.216 3139.306 3142.835 3175.726 3180.193 3188.233 3221.292 3229.009 3235.84 3238.116

IV IV IV III III III III II II II II II II I II I I II II II II II I II II II I II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

910 180 910 620 910 620 240 480 510 840 250 620 620 310 980 620 250 1300 200 250 200 250 390 270 980 770 1300 170 200 670 180 170 200 530 200 270 270 980 200 480 270 210 170 220 280 700 150 170 180 340 590 770 1300 310 650 180 590 450 840 450 210

3256.274 3257.366 3262.668 3287.789 3291.739 3292.520 3301.650 3304.238 3321.450 3325.120 3330.476 3334.604 3337.870 3348.768 3351.228 3358.602 3374.974 3392.035 3396.727 3398.544 3405.558 3413.012 3421.210 3423.989 3433.998 3435.976 3469.920 3471.218 3486.552 3539.587 3544.018 3549.595 3555.013 3559.451 3576.557 3592.780 3598.120 3609.445 3612.427 3615.133 3635.943 3642.248 3649.735 3663.202 3669.968 3675.567 3682.486 3692.566 3698.105 3706.767 3719.435 3721.825 3741.183 3747.539 3752.569 3770.056 3803.075 3828.384 3839.746 3863.405 3875.374

II I II II II II I I II II I II II I II II I II I I I I I I II II II I I II I I I II I I I II I II I I I I I II I I I I I II II I II I I I II II I

5/4/05 8:06:30 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-78 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

340 590 200 390 200 150 530 220 220 280 4200 250 250 250 700 700 150 840 240 280 1100 200 200 450 620 620 110 110 480 700 130 1300 1100 110 280 90 50 280 260 110 120 95 110 95 60 60 95 70 85 60 50 50 50 50 60 50 50 h 55 30 30 30

3895.419 3929.669 3932.911 3967.392 3972.155 3980.089 3994.549 4008.210 4009.056 4012.495 4019.129 4030.842 4036.047 4063.407 4086.520 4094.747 4100.341 4108.421 4112.754 4115.758 4116.713 4127.411 4134.067 4149.986 4178.060 4208.890 4253.538 4260.333 4277.313 4282.042 4337.277 4381.860 4391.110 4498.940 4510.527 4723.438 4840.843 4863.163 5017.255 5067.974 5148.211 5216.596 5231.160 5247.654 5343.581 5587.026 5707.103 5760.551 5989.044 6169.822 6182.622 6274.116 6274.117 6355.911 6457.283 6462.614 6531.342 6989.656 7045.795 7084.171 7168.896

Section 10.indb 78

I II I I I I II I I I II I I I II II I II I I II I I II II II I I II II I II II I II I I II II I II II I II I I II I II I I II II II I I I I II I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

40 35 50 30 30 40 20 20 20 30 20 20 15 10

7191.132 7208.006 7525.508 7647.380 8330.451 8967.641 9833.42 10726.93 10942.24 11230.259 11984.67 17208.22 18811.88 22264.35

II I II I I I I I II I II II I II

Thulium Tm 5000 360 20000 5000 20000 5000 5000 6000 6000 3000 3000 4000 450 450 770 30000 2000 1300 3000 130 10000 360 540 430 170 h 810 730 5000 2000 3000 540 3000 4000 680 730 2000 580 200 1600 1000 490 1000 1500 360 7400 2300

Z = 69 2185.94 2284.79 2296.21 2305.03 2311.16 2312.72 2326.19 2328.50 2329.29 2331.80 2357.05 2406.63 2409.02 2426.17 2480.13 2489.44 2504.71 2509.08 2519.78 2527.02 2552.46 2552.76 2561.65 2588.27 2596.49 2607.06 2624.33 2682.32 2707.03 2719.47 2721.19 2724.44 2727.56 2794.60 2797.27 2806.77 2827.92 2854.17 2869.23 2947.72 2973.22 2998.28 3015.30 3081.12 3131.26 3133.89

III II III III III III III III III III III III II II II III III II III I III I II II I II II III III III II III III II II III II I II III I III II I II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1900 1500 450 2300 1200 1600 2300 320 1900 1600 1200 1100 1200 1200 2300 2000 1200 230 4000 1700 850 340 340 6400 340 4900 4900 8500 210 340 340 420 340 250 1700 420 210 340 420 1300 420 280 2100 1000 380 1100 4800 3800 7700 2400 5000 1700 6000 4800 7100 770 600 290 1300 290 8900

3151.04 3157.34 3172.65 3172.83 3236.81 3240.23 3241.54 3246.96 3258.05 3266.64 3267.40 3276.81 3283.40 3285.61 3291.00 3302.46 3309.80 3349.99 3362.61 3397.50 3410.05 3412.59 3416.59 3425.08 3429.33 3441.50 3453.66 3462.20 3467.51 3476.69 3480.98 3487.38 3499.95 3517.60 3535.52 3537.91 3555.82 3560.92 3563.88 3566.47 3567.36 3586.07 3608.77 3629.09 3638.41 3668.09 3700.26 3701.36 3717.91 3734.12 3744.06 3751.81 3761.33 3761.91 3795.75 3798.54 3807.72 3826.39 3838.20 3840.87 3848.02

II II I II II II II I II II II II II II II II II I II II I I I II I II II II I I I I I I II I I I I II I I II III I II II II I II I I II II II I I I II I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

6800 1800 5400 440 3500 1500 1500 1800 220 380 10000 9500 1100 8800 6000 380 3000 270 150 2700 1400 200 140 120 540 150 260 110 270 300 80 95 110 120 160 120 110 680 70 80 140 160 160 150 95 80 650 80 270 520 40 35 190 35 240 140 200 95 110 120 80

3883.13 3883.44 3887.35 3896.62 3916.48 3949.27 3958.10 3996.52 4024.23 4044.47 4094.19 4105.84 4138.33 4187.62 4203.73 4222.67 4242.15 4271.71 4298.36 4359.93 4386.43 4394.42 4396.50 4454.03 4481.26 4519.60 4522.57 4548.60 4599.02 4615.94 4626.33 4626.56 4634.26 4655.09 4681.92 4691.11 4724.26 4733.34 4759.90 4831.20 4957.18 5009.77 5034.22 5060.90 5113.97 5213.38 5307.12 5346.49 5631.41 5675.84 5684.76 5709.97 5764.29 5838.76 5895.63 5971.26 6460.26 6604.96 6779.77 6844.26 6845.76

I II I I I I II II I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I II I II I I II II II II I I I I I I II I II II I I I I II I I II II I II I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:33 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

10 10 12 10 17 14 14 75 75 140 80 40 55 110 95 27

6937.37 7017.90 7034.34 7106.14 7272.62 7310.51 7432.18 7481.08 7490.20 7558.33 7731.53 7856.08 7927.51 7930.84 8017.90 8472.01

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II

Tin Sn Z = 50 7 169.47 150 361.01 100 753.01 200 910.92 500 956.25 7 985.13 500 1019.72 1000 1044.49 1000 1073.41 200 1089.35 8 1108.19 1000 1119.34 1000 1139.29 1000 1158.33 200 1160.74 10 1161.43 1000 1184.25 2000 1210.52 9 1219.07 13 1223.70 11 1243.00 2000 1251.38 1000 1259.92 20 1290.86 200 1294.36 1000 1305.97 1000 1314.55 20 1316.59 1000 1327.34 1000 1347.65 1000 1386.74 25 1400.52 1000 1437.52 20 1475.15 9 1489.22 1000 1570.36 10 r 1737.21 15 r 1751.46 20 r 1764.98 30 r 1790.75 80 r 1804.60 15 1811.34 500 1811.71 40 r 1815.74

II V III III IV II IV IV IV V II IV III III V II III III II II II V III II V III IV II III III III II IV II II III I I I I I II III I

Section 10.indb 79

10-79 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

120 r 9 50 r 200 r 80 100 12 50 80 500 150 50 h 80 50 50 70 80 100 100 200 100 100 r 50 40 r 20 r 30 80 150 r 300 r 400 r 80 r 400 r 60 400 r 200 r 600 r 300 r 1000 r 22 100 800 r 1000 r 15 300 13 10 200 400 500 r 200 200 r 700 r 150 1400 r 1000 r 700 r 850 r 12 550 r 550 r 50

1823.00 1831.89 1848.75 1860.32 1886.05 1891.40 1899.91 1909.30 1925.31 1941.86 1952.15 1977.6 1984.20 2040.66 2054.03 2058.31 2068.58 2072.89 2073.08 2096.39 2100.93 2113.93 2121.26 2148.73 2151.43 2151.54 2171.32 2194.49 2199.34 2209.65 2231.72 2246.05 2251.17 2268.91 2286.68 2317.23 2334.80 2354.84 2368.33 2408.15 2421.70 2429.49 2448.98 2483.39 2483.48 2486.99 2495.70 2546.55 2571.58 2594.42 2661.24 2706.51 2779.81 2839.99 2863.32 3009.14 3034.12 3047.50 3175.05 3262.34 3283.21

I II I I I I II I I III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I II I II II I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

110 60 10 11 280 r 10 20 25 500 15 50 100 150 250 100 400 200 150 100 70 25 20 10 13 100 100 h 200 80 300 400 50 h 50 h 80 h 150 50 100 h 300 h 500 54 70 56 200 200 258 96 106 254 48 111 42 42 89 187 187 68 378 144 40 4

3330.62 3351.97 3472.46 3575.45 3801.02 5332.36 5561.95 5588.92 5631.71 5799.18 5925.44 5970.30 6037.70 6069.00 6073.46 6149.71 6154.60 6171.50 6310.78 6453.50 6844.05 7191.40 7387.79 7741.80 7754.97 8030.5 8114.09 8357.04 8422.72 8552.60 8681.7 9410.86 9415.37 9616.40 9741.1 9742.8 9805.38 9850.52 10894.00 11191.85 11277.66 11454.59 11616.26 11739.78 11825.18 11835.82 11932.99 12009.50 12313.24 12530.87 12536.5 12888.5 12981.7 13018.5 13081.5 13460.2 13608.2 20861.7 24738.2

Titanium Ti Z = 22 17 252.96

I II II II I II II II I II I I I I I I I I I II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

15 14 13 18 20 20 23 20 11 10 20 18 180 190 190 22 25 360 24 210 190 190 130 23 24 23 22 270 340 510 300 640 800 950 250 250 190 180 280 450 340 1100 1300 1600 22 1300 d 1100 1600 2300 3600 720 500 780 1000 1600 2400 1000 3100 3800 780 1100

498.26 502.08 526.57 779.07 1298.66 1298.97 1455.19 1467.34 1717.40 1841.49 2067.56 2103.16 2273.28 2279.96 2305.67 2413.99 2516.05 2525.60 2527.84 2529.85 2531.25 2534.62 2535.87 2540.06 2563.44 2565.42 2567.56 2599.92 2605.15 2611.28 2619.94 2641.10 2644.26 2646.64 2742.32 2802.50 2841.94 2877.44 2884.11 2912.08 2928.34 2942.00 2948.26 2956.13 2984.75 3066.22 3072.97 3075.22 3078.64 3088.02 3119.72 3161.20 3161.77 3162.57 3168.52 3186.45 3190.87 3191.99 3199.92 3202.54 3217.06

V V V IV III III III IV V V IV IV I I I III III II III I II II II III III III III I I I I I I I I I II II II I I I I I III II II II II II I II II II II I II I I II II

5/4/05 8:06:36 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-80 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1300 6600 5200 4100 2600 1200 1200 1200 1200 840 2900 2100 1800 1100 5700 4300 12000 4100 7200 1100 4300 5700 2900 d 1400 5700 1400 1400 1100 890 600 600 480 890 600 17 600 4800 6600 7200 600 3100 600 2900 3300 330 5200 3300 2900 840 500 530 2600 500 500 15 1100 890 1100 4500 4500 5200

3222.84 3234.52 3236.57 3239.04 3241.99 3248.60 3252.91 3254.25 3261.60 3314.42 3322.94 3329.46 3335.20 3340.34 3341.88 3349.04 3349.41 3354.64 3361.21 3370.44 3371.45 3372.80 3377.48 3380.28 3383.76 3385.95 3387.84 3394.58 3444.31 3461.50 3477.18 3491.05 3504.89 3510.84 3576.44 3610.16 3635.46 3642.68 3653.50 3671.67 3685.20 3689.91 3729.82 3741.06 3741.64 3752.86 3759.30 3761.32 3786.04 3882.89 3900.54 3904.78 3913.46 3914.34 3915.47 3924.53 3929.88 3947.78 3948.67 3956.34 3958.21

Section 10.indb 80

II II II II II II II II II I II II II II I II II I II I I II I II II I II II II II II II II II IV I I I I I II I I I II I II II I I II I II I III I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

950 950 4800 570 5700 7800 950 1200 840 890 840 950 840 840 2000 200 2900 4100 6000 1200 330 890 230 840 550 840 950 1100 240 530 780 1000 1000 780 6000 240 3600 2400 1200 1200 720 950 240 15 950 720 240 15 d 950 480 720 840 950 470 400 380 5800 4600 4000 3600 3200 d

3962.85 3964.27 3981.76 3982.48 3989.76 3998.64 4008.93 4024.57 4078.47 4286.01 4287.40 4289.07 4290.94 4295.76 4298.66 4300.05 4300.56 4301.09 4305.92 4314.80 4395.04 4427.10 4443.80 4449.15 4450.90 4453.32 4455.33 4457.43 4468.50 4481.26 4512.74 4518.03 4522.80 4527.31 4533.24 4533.97 4534.78 4535.58 4535.92 4536.05 4544.69 4548.77 4549.63 4549.84 4552.46 4555.49 4571.98 4572.20 4617.27 4623.09 4656.47 4667.59 4681.92 4840.87 4885.08 4899.91 4981.73 4991.07 4999.51 5007.21 5014.19

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I II I II I I I I I II I I I I I I II I I I I I I II III I I II III I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

840 840 1200 840 740 1200 1400 1100 1300 1400 17 20 340 270 320 250 130 95 95 85 400 230 120 150 120 300 200 270 340 110 120 120 120 17 380 380 300 55 65 75 18 18 80 20 18 260 130 130 120 90 60 60 55 75 100 100 75 120 170 490 240

5020.03 5022.87 5035.91 5036.47 5038.40 5039.95 5064.66 5173.75 5192.98 5210.39 5278.12 5398.93 5512.53 5514.35 5514.54 5644.14 5675.44 5689.47 5715.13 5739.51 5866.46 5899.32 5918.55 5922.12 5941.76 5953.17 5965.84 5978.56 5999.04 6064.63 6085.23 6091.17 6126.22 6246.65 6258.10 6258.70 6261.10 6546.28 6554.23 6556.07 6621.58 6667.99 6743.12 7072.64 7084.57 7209.44 7244.86 7251.72 7344.72 7357.74 7364.11 7978.88 8024.84 8364.24 8377.85 8382.54 8396.87 8412.36 8426.52 8434.94 8435.70

I I I I I I I I I I III IV I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I IV I I I I I I III III I III III I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

20 90

8466.87 8675.39

III I

Tungsten W 5800 13000 5100 4100 4100 7300 15000 5300 9700 6100 2100 2400 1500 1300 460 510 530 d 340 440 460 390 d 320 580 850 510 670 730 560 560 1700 d 610 870 1800 580 780 870 630 780 780 1100 1400 480 1200 870 1500 480 d 580 390 390 630 680 75 310 780 270 780 430 780

Z = 74 2001.71 2008.07 2009.98 2010.23 2014.23 2026.08 2029.98 2049.63 2079.11 2094.75 2118.87 2121.59 2166.32 2204.48 2249.80 2277.58 2294.49 2309.02 2313.17 2321.63 2326.56 2354.61 2360.44 2363.07 2374.47 2384.82 2397.09 2397.73 2397.98 2405.58 2415.68 2424.21 2435.96 2444.06 2451.48 2452.00 2454.98 2455.51 2456.53 2459.30 2466.85 2472.51 2474.15 2480.13 2481.44 2482.10 2484.74 2487.50 2489.23 2495.26 2504.70 2510.47 2520.46 2521.32 2522.04 2523.41 2527.76 2533.64

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I II I I I

5/4/05 8:06:39 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1200 780 2700 730 870 390 390 370 680 370 970 480 400 400 400 400 400 810 400 d 650 400 1600 810 810 650 2100 650 650 400 400 400 400 d 400 2100 2600 400 650 400 400 400 810 810 810 810 400 810 1600 810 810 1500 690 2400 2400 730 d 360 520 770 210 310 d 440 d 270

2547.14 2550.38 2551.35 2561.97 2580.49 2584.39 2589.17 2601.96 2606.39 2608.32 2613.08 2613.82 2620.25 2622.21 2625.22 2632.48 2632.70 2633.13 2638.62 2646.18 2646.73 2656.54 2662.84 2671.47 2677.28 2681.42 2695.67 2699.59 2700.01 2706.58 2708.59 2708.80 2715.50 2718.91 2724.35 2725.03 2748.84 2762.34 2764.27 2769.74 2770.88 2774.00 2774.48 2792.70 2799.93 2818.06 2831.38 2833.63 2848.02 2896.44 2935.00 2944.40 2946.99 2979.71 3013.79 3016.47 3017.44 3024.93 3026.67 3041.73 3043.80

Section 10.indb 81

I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

10-81 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

440 810 180 180 d 370 240 240 230 260 290 320 190 390 390 520 1000 190 210 210 210 d 730 440 440 440 390 230 240 400 650 240 1900 650 400 570 810 510 680 1000 340 1000 290 190 260 1400 1100 730 1800 730 8600 540 910 730 5000 1000 540 450 220 250 540 1400 4100

3046.44 3049.69 3073.28 3084.83 3093.50 3107.23 3108.02 3117.57 3120.18 3163.42 3176.60 3181.82 3191.57 3198.84 3207.25 3215.56 3232.49 3254.36 3259.66 3266.62 3300.82 3311.38 3326.20 3331.69 3373.75 3429.59 3443.00 3495.24 3545.22 3570.65 3617.52 3682.08 3683.30 3688.06 3707.92 3757.92 3760.13 3768.45 3773.71 3780.77 3809.22 3810.38 3810.79 3817.48 3835.06 3846.22 3867.99 3881.41 4008.75 4015.22 4045.59 4069.95 4074.36 4102.70 4137.46 4171.17 4207.05 4219.37 4244.36 4269.38 4294.61

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2200 200 180 200 640 170 640 640 790 380 220 820 770 220 65 55 45 40 55 55 55 40 45 35 40 17 13 15 13 15 9 11 10 15 15 10 17 17 13 11 22 22 13 10 27 10 13

4302.11 4378.48 4384.85 4408.28 4484.19 4588.73 4659.87 4680.51 4843.81 4886.90 4982.59 5053.28 5224.66 5514.68 5648.37 5735.09 5804.85 5902.64 5947.57 5965.86 6012.78 6021.52 6292.02 6404.21 6445.12 6611.62 6678.42 6693.08 6984.27 7140.52 7162.64 7200.16 7278.24 7285.81 7296.55 7509.00 7569.92 7614.15 7688.97 7784.15 8017.19 8055.64 8123.82 8338.08 8585.11 8594.42 8865.53

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Uranium U 440 610 830 870 630 630 870 680 920 970 1200 780 780

Z = 92 2565.41 2635.53 2793.94 2802.56 2807.05 2817.96 2821.12 2828.90 2832.06 2865.68 2889.62 2906.80 2908.28

II II II II II II II II II II II II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

580 530 p 1300 830 580 580 580 530 630 630 580 630 630 580 580 580 970 530 680 530 680 530 730 680 730 1100 730 580 580 630 680 1600 530 630 780 1600 630 530 1200 680 1200 2300 530 630 3200 840 2800 1100 600 680 950 600 1900 570 1900 750 2000 1200 2400 4900 1900

2931.41 2940.37 2941.92 2943.90 2956.06 2967.94 2971.06 2984.61 3022.21 3031.99 3050.20 3057.91 3062.54 3072.78 3093.01 3102.39 3111.62 3119.35 3124.95 3139.61 3149.24 3153.11 3229.50 3232.16 3291.33 3305.89 3390.38 3424.56 3435.49 3466.30 3482.49 3489.37 3496.41 3500.08 3507.34 3514.61 3533.57 3540.47 3550.82 3555.32 3561.80 3566.59 3569.08 3578.72 3584.88 3638.20 3670.07 3701.52 3738.04 3746.42 3748.68 3751.17 3782.84 3793.10 3811.99 3826.51 3831.46 3839.63 3854.64 3859.57 3865.92

II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II I I II I II I I I II II II I I I I II I I II II II II II I II II I II II I II II II

5/4/05 8:06:41 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-82 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1500 1000 2200 2000 1200 1200 1000 1600 880 2200 810 880 1400 1000 600 620 170 150 110 170 80 70 80 70 70 160 70 70 230 100 90 55 90 110 90 45 50 35 75 30 100 75 100 100 100 100 100 75 100 75 75

3871.03 3881.45 3890.36 3932.02 3943.82 3985.79 4042.75 4050.04 4062.54 4090.13 4116.10 4153.97 4171.59 4241.67 4472.33 4543.63 4689.07 4756.81 5008.21 5027.38 5160.32 5280.38 5475.70 5480.26 5481.20 5492.95 5780.59 5798.53 5915.39 5976.32 6077.29 6372.46 6395.42 6449.16 6826.92 7533.93 7881.94 8445.39 8607.95 8757.76 10554.93 11167.84 11384.13 11859.42 11908.83 12250.46 13185.16 13306.23 13961.58 18634.43 21910.22

Vanadium V Z = 23 20 225.46 20 251.66 20 286.84 35 483.01 50 633.94 200 677.34 500 684.37 400 737.85 100 864.27

Section 10.indb 82

I II II II I II I II II II II I II II II II II I II I II I II II II II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V V V V III IV IV IV III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 500 100 1000 1000 100 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 300 500 400 500 2100 500 1000 2500 2500 1000 240 410 210 80 h 230 250 250 80 h 180 1100 680 530 640 180 240 900 900 1400 900 2400 710 2400 1700 900 1100 410 600 1200 1400 2400 3800 3000 2600 2000 1500 3200 5300 3800 410 530

1006.46 1149.94 1426.65 1643.03 1650.14 1680.20 1694.78 1760.07 1788.26 1794.60 1812.19 1861.56 1939.06 1951.43 1997.72 2092.44 2268.30 2292.86 2330.42 2371.06 2382.46 2507.78 2526.22 2527.90 2570.72 2574.02 2593.05 2595.10 2645.54 2661.42 2687.96 2700.94 2706.17 2715.69 2731.35 2864.36 2891.64 2892.66 2893.32 2906.46 2908.82 2923.62 2924.02 2924.64 2941.37 2944.57 2962.77 2968.38 3056.33 3060.46 3066.38 3093.11 3102.30 3110.71 3118.38 3125.28 3183.41 3183.98 3185.40 3187.71 3188.51

III III IV III III V III III III III III IV IV IV IV I IV III III III III I I II IV I III III IV I II II II II I I II II II II II I II II II II I II I I I II II II II II I I I II II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

750 1100 900 750 80 h 560 560 560 560 560 490 560 100 1300 1000 1500 1000 3800 1800 320 250 280 520 1100 570 570 1000 1300 1700 2600 1200 3000 1300 1500 700 2400 700 540 430 170 1100 1800 890 2800 590 2800 2300 8900 4300 1800 2000 3100 3100 2300 20 360 560 460 460 430 460

3190.68 3267.70 3271.12 3276.12 3514.25 3517.30 3533.68 3545.20 3556.80 3589.76 3592.02 3592.53 3679.86 3688.07 3690.28 3692.22 3695.86 3703.58 3704.70 3715.47 3727.34 3732.76 3790.32 3794.96 3799.91 3803.47 3813.49 3818.24 3828.56 3840.75 3855.37 3855.84 3864.86 3875.08 3890.18 3902.25 3909.89 3990.57 3998.73 4005.71 4090.58 4092.69 4095.49 4099.80 4102.16 4105.17 4109.79 4111.78 4115.18 4116.47 4123.57 4128.07 4132.02 4134.49 4200.32 4232.46 4268.64 4271.55 4276.96 4284.06 4330.02

II II II II IV II I II II II II I III I I I I I I II II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I V I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

510 760 1000 12000 7000 4800 3600 1400 2300 2800 3600 4600 640 640 640 830 640 610 1000 2000 610 510 640 830 1300 230 100 130 160 130 110 130 130 130 150 120 320 480 620 740 110 110 110 110 110 110 100 140 140 100 200 400 110 110 310 1200 920 570 850 230 230

4332.82 4341.01 4352.87 4379.24 4384.72 4389.97 4395.23 4400.58 4406.64 4407.64 4408.20 4408.51 4416.47 4421.57 4437.84 4441.68 4444.21 4452.01 4459.76 4460.29 4462.36 4577.17 4580.40 4586.36 4594.11 4619.77 4635.18 4646.40 4670.49 4776.36 4786.51 4796.92 4807.53 4827.45 4831.64 4832.43 4851.48 4864.74 4875.48 4881.56 5128.53 5138.42 5192.99 5194.83 5234.07 5240.87 5401.93 5415.26 5584.50 5592.42 5624.60 5627.64 5657.44 5668.36 5670.85 5698.52 5703.56 5706.98 5727.03 5731.25 5737.06

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:44 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

450 480 1300 600 450 450 430 710 280 130 170 200 200 170 110 65 c 50 c 40 40 35 29 c 120 w 70 c 60 c

6039.73 6081.44 6090.22 6119.52 6199.19 6216.37 6230.74 6243.10 6251.82 6268.82 6274.65 6285.16 6292.83 6296.49 6531.43 6753.00 6766.49 6784.98 7338.92 7356.54 8027.39 8116.80 8161.07 8919.85

Xenon Xe Z = 54 8 657.8 8 660.1 9 673.8 9 674.0 9 676.6 10 694.0 20 698.5 12 705.1 10 721.2 15 731.0 10 733.3 350 740.41 15 742.6 10 756.0 10 761.5 10 769.1 25 779.1 15 792.9 12 796.1 15 802.0 350 803.07 25 823.2 30 824.9 25 853.0 600 880.80 350 885.54 15 889.3 20 894.0 20 896.0 600 925.87 250 935.40 10 965.5 800 972.77 700 976.68 35 1003.4 35 1017.7

Section 10.indb 83

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I III III III III III III III III III III III II III III III III III III III III II III III III II II III III III II II III II II III III

10-83 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 700 1100 10 1000 1200 12 2000 600 1200 30 600 250 800 p 250 25 600 250 1000 600 80 100 30 40 30 40 30 200 80 w 60 w 30 150 h 30 50 40 80 w 40 60 40 40 80 w 400 40 30 100 h 100 40 50 30 300 100 w 80 c 40 100 80 30 80 w 40 30 200 h 80

1032.44 1037.68 1041.31 1047.8 1048.27 1051.92 1066.4 1074.48 1083.86 1100.43 1130.3 1158.47 1169.63 1183.05 1192.04 1232.1 1244.76 1250.20 1295.59 1469.61 2668.98 2717.33 2814.45 2815.91 2827.45 2847.65 2862.40 2864.73 2871.10 2871.24 2871.7 2895.22 2896.62 2906.6 2911.89 2912.36 2940.2 2945.2 2947.5 2948.1 2970.47 2979.32 2992.87 3004.25 3017.43 3023.81 3083.5 3091.1 3106.46 3128.87 3138.3 3150.82 3185.2 3242.86 3268.98 3287.82 3301.55 3331.6 3358.0 3366.72 3384.12

II II II III II II III II II II III II II II I III II I I I III III III III III III III II III III III II III III III III III III III III III II III III II III III III III II III III III III III III III III III II III

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2 2 2 3 60 70 100 w 100 h 40 4 4 5 80 50 10 50 10 40 100 80 100 w 100 40 15 8 100 w 40 600 6 10 50 40 40 40 300 100 200 60 100 l 500 300 100 200 200 l 60 100 h 100 100 200 l 1000 h 500 h 300 h 100 h 300 h 100 300 h 400 h 500 h 100 l 30 500 h

3400.07 3418.37 3420.00 3442.66 3444.2 3454.2 3458.7 3461.26 3468.22 3469.81 3472.36 3506.74 3522.83 3542.3 3549.86 3552.1 3554.04 3561.4 3579.7 3583.6 3595.4 3606.06 3607.0 3610.32 3613.06 3615.9 3623.1 3624.08 3633.06 3669.91 3676.67 3685.90 3693.49 3776.3 3781.02 3841.5 3877.8 3880.5 3907.91 3922.55 3950.59 4037.59 4050.07 4057.46 4060.4 4098.89 4109.1 4145.7 4158.04 4180.10 4193.15 4208.48 4209.47 4213.72 4215.60 4223.00 4238.25 4245.38 4251.57 4285.9 4296.40

I I I I III III III II III I I I III III I III I III III III III III III I I III III III I I III I I III III III III III II III III II III II III II III III II II II II II II II II II II II III II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 h 1000 l 200 h 100 l 500 h 500 l 200 l 150 l 50 500 h 100 w 1000 h 500 l 100 l 100 w 100 w 100 w 30 60 30 600 100 w 150 500 400 300 40 500 500 200 l 400 300 100 l 200 200 1000 300 100 100 300 400 100 60 500 500 2000 300 1000 2000 200 30 200 500 100 50 3000 800 300 200 400 1000

4310.51 4330.52 4369.20 4373.78 4393.20 4395.77 4406.88 4416.07 4434.2 4448.13 4462.1 4462.19 4480.86 4521.86 4569.1 4570.1 4641.4 4673.7 4683.57 4723.60 4734.152 4757.3 4792.619 4807.02 4829.71 4843.29 4869.5 4916.51 4923.152 4971.71 4972.71 4988.77 4991.17 5028.280 5044.92 5080.62 5122.42 5125.70 5178.82 5188.04 5191.37 5192.10 5239.0 5260.44 5261.95 5292.22 5309.27 5313.87 5339.33 5363.20 5367.1 5368.07 5372.39 5392.80 5401.0 5419.15 5438.96 5445.45 5450.45 5460.39 5472.61

II II II II II II II II III II III II II II III III III III III III I III I I I I III I I II II II II I II II II II II II II II III II II II II II II II III II II I III II II II II II II

5/4/05 8:06:47 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-84 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 l 40 200 600 100 300 300 600 150 100 200 200 500 500 300 300 100 300 150 100 300 100 200 100 500 300 2000 200 1000 2000 600 1500 400 100 100 150 120 300 500 100 60 100 25 60 60 500 400 100 100 250 500 400 600 200 100 300 150 120 100 200 h 300

5494.86 5524.4 5525.53 5531.07 5566.62 5616.67 5659.38 5667.56 5670.91 5695.75 5699.61 5716.10 5726.91 5751.03 5758.65 5776.39 5815.96 5823.89 5824.80 5875.02 5893.29 5894.99 5905.13 5934.17 5945.53 5971.13 5976.46 6008.92 6036.20 6051.15 6093.50 6097.59 6101.43 6115.08 6146.45 6178.30 6179.66 6182.42 6194.07 6198.26 6205.97 6220.02 6221.7 6238.2 6259.05 6270.82 6277.54 6284.41 6286.01 6300.86 6318.06 6343.96 6356.35 6375.28 6397.99 6469.70 6472.84 6487.76 6498.72 6504.18 6512.83

Section 10.indb 84

II III II II I II II II II I II II II II II II II I I I II I II I II II II II II II II II II II II I I I II I III II III III III II II II I II I II II II II I I I I I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

200 100 1000 100 400 100 150 300 200 150 100 1000 200 100 300 80 100 800 h 100 2000 150 500 50 s 200 500 100 200 200 100 150 300 200 80 500 100 200 60 100 100 300 500 100 200 150 100 150 h 100 700 10000 500 7000 2000 100 2000 50 h 200 50 h 250 100 200 50 h

6528.65 6533.16 6595.01 6595.56 6597.25 6598.84 6668.92 6694.32 6728.01 6788.71 6790.37 6805.74 6827.32 6872.11 6882.16 6910.22 6925.53 6942.11 6976.18 6990.88 7082.15 7119.60 7147.50 7149.03 7164.83 7284.34 7301.80 7339.30 7386.00 7393.79 7548.45 7584.68 7618.57 7642.02 7643.91 7670.66 7787.04 7802.65 7881.32 7887.40 7967.34 8029.67 8057.26 8061.34 8101.98 8151.80 8171.02 8206.34 8231.635 8266.52 8280.116 8346.82 8347.24 8409.19 8515.19 8576.01 8604.23 8648.54 8692.20 8696.86 8716.19

II I II I II II I II I II II II I I I II I II I II II I II II II II II II I I II I II I I II II I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I II I II I II I I I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

300 100 5000 300 200 200 1000 100 200 400 500 100 100 200 50 h 150 50 l 100 2000 3000 100 90 375 100 300 2500 250 2000 1250 800 375 140 3000 100 2500 150 250 100 1000 125 1500 1500 350 150 3000 250 1250 110 1800 175 2000 2500 250 750 300 150 100 100 600 1500 100

8739.39 8758.20 8819.41 8862.32 8908.73 8930.83 8952.25 8981.05 8987.57 9045.45 9162.65 9167.52 9374.76 9513.38 9591.35 9685.32 9698.68 9718.16 9799.70 9923.19 10838.37 11742.01 12235.24 12257.76 12590.20 12623.391 13544.15 13657.055 14142.444 14240.96 14364.99 14660.81 14732.806 15099.72 15418.394 15557.13 15979.54 16039.90 16053.28 16554.49 16728.15 17325.77 18788.13 20187.19 20262.242 21470.09 23193.33 23279.54 24824.71 25145.84 26269.08 26510.86 28381.54 28582.25 29384.41 29448.06 29649.58 29813.62 30253.14 30475.46 30504.12

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 6000 125 550 100 1800 3500 150 450 170 5000 110 250 150 450 850 140 175 270 120

30794.18 31069.23 31336.01 31607.91 32293.08 32739.26 33666.69 34014.67 34335.27 34744.00 35070.25 35246.92 36209.21 36231.74 36508.36 36788.83 38685.98 38737.82 38939.60 39955.14

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Ytterbium Yb Z = 70 1000 1050.24 1000 1054.46 5000 1134.43 900 1316.04 800 1326.36 900 1350.26 80 1561.42 80 h 1765.21 800 1791.06 100 1863.32 800 1873.91 500 1898.25 500 1998.82 900 2116.65 2500 2116.67 800 2123.32 3000 2126.74 800 2139.99 20000 2144.77 15000 2154.18 370 2161.60 850 2185.71 640 2224.46 300 2240.11 300 2305.32 140 2320.81 170 2390.74 460 2464.50 140 2512.06 270 2538.67 2000 2567.61 1000 2579.57 800 2599.14 600 2621.11 1000 2642.56 1000 2651.74 700 2652.25 990 2653.75 200 2665.04 2000 2666.13

IV IV IV IV IV IV III III IV III III III III IV II IV II IV IV IV II II II III III II II I II II III III III III III III III II II III

5/4/05 8:06:49 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

2000 390 390 170 230 1300 170 600 1000 600 1000 140 190 230 h 360 430 140 200 45 200 3600 600 1000 170 140 280 35 140 2000 200 170 800 310 160 160 2000 920 3000 28 170 190 4000 1000 230 28 800 390 240 2000 35 18000 130 140 80 2000 240 280 d 240 2000 140 50

2666.99 2671.96 2672.66 2718.35 2748.66 2750.48 2776.28 2795.60 2803.43 2816.92 2818.72 2821.15 2830.99 2847.18 2851.13 2859.80 2861.21 2867.06 2873.49 2888.04 2891.38 2898.30 2906.31 2914.21 2915.28 2919.35 2934.36 2945.91 2970.56 2983.99 2994.80 2998.00 3005.77 3017.56 3026.67 3029.49 3031.11 3092.50 3100.74 3107.90 3117.81 3126.01 3138.58 3140.94 3162.29 3191.35 3192.88 3201.16 3228.58 3239.58 3289.37 3305.25 3305.73 3319.41 3325.51 3337.17 3342.93 3375.48 3384.01 3387.50 3412.45

Section 10.indb 85

III I II II II II II III III III III II II II II II II II I II II III III II II II I II II II II III II II II III II III I II II III III II I III II II III I II I II I III II II II III I I

10-85 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

140 360 240 85 500 190 d 360 2400 500 500 50 230 35 200 170 360 200 240 70 90 240 140 32000 70 400 180 550 80 60 h 170 340 340 140 500 32000 930 50 2000 70 440 470 120 340 300 150 d 120 70 120 60 h 60 h 440 85 h 100 85 h 640 200 70 140 40 190 170 h

3418.39 3426.04 3431.11 3452.40 3454.08 3458.29 3460.27 3464.37 3476.30 3478.84 3517.00 3520.29 3559.03 3560.33 3560.70 3585.47 3619.80 3637.76 3648.15 3655.73 3669.69 3675.08 3694.19 3700.58 3711.91 3734.69 3770.10 3774.32 3791.74 3839.91 3872.85 3900.85 3911.27 3931.23 3987.99 3990.88 4007.36 4028.14 4052.28 4089.68 4149.07 4174.56 4180.81 4213.64 4218.56 4231.97 4277.74 4305.97 4393.69 4430.21 4439.19 4482.42 4517.58 4563.95 4576.21 4582.36 4589.21 4590.83 4684.27 4726.08 4781.87

I I I I II II I I II II I II I II II II II II I I II II II I III I I I I I I I I III I I I III I I I I II III II I I I I I I I III I I I I I I II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

170 35 40 40 h 27 710 140 30 70 220 50 60 85 100 150 h 170 30 h 150 30 40 60 40 17 85 h 2400 60 220 27 35 35 27 17 40 60 60 200 35 h 35 h 340 180 25 690 9h 8h 10 h 16 h 25 30 h 750 100 70 h 200 100

4786.61 4816.43 4837.46 4894.60 4912.36 4935.50 4966.90 5067.80 5069.14 5074.34 5076.74 5196.08 5211.60 5244.11 5277.04 5335.15 5351.29 5352.95 5363.66 5449.27 5481.92 5505.49 5524.54 5539.05 5556.47 5651.98 5719.99 5771.66 5833.99 5837.14 5854.51 5989.33 5991.51 6152.57 6274.78 6328.52 6400.35 6417.91 6489.06 6667.82 6727.61 6799.60 7244.41 7305.22 7313.05 7350.04 7448.28 7527.46 7699.48 7971.46 8922.56 10110.60 10830.36

Yttrium Y Z = 39 150 264.64 150 273.03 900 333.09 500 333.80 400 335.14 500 336.62 500 339.02

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I II I I I I I II I II II II I I II II II III I I I I II I I I I I I I I III II III III IV IV V V V V V

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

500 900 300 300 400 500 300 300 600 300 4000 2000 5000 7000 15000 25000 5000 4000 4000 10000 16000 350 10000 10000 50 50000 40000 560 60 95 70 140 90000 45 70 95 160 99000 390 350 480 750 140 130 190 95 110 220 70 2300 2200 2200 3900 6200 4700 85 85 170 1700 3900 130

344.59 355.86 370.42 372.05 379.96 386.82 403.45 420.74 425.03 473.10 584.98 630.97 805.20 809.92 989.21 996.37 1314.51 1334.04 2068.98 2127.98 2191.16 2243.06 2284.34 2327.31 2354.20 2367.23 2414.64 2422.20 2694.21 2723.00 2742.53 2760.10 2817.04 2822.56 2854.43 2886.48 2919.05 2946.01 2948.40 2964.96 2974.59 2984.26 2996.94 3021.73 3045.37 3095.88 3173.06 3179.41 3191.31 3195.62 3200.27 3203.32 3216.69 3242.28 3327.89 3388.59 3412.47 3485.73 3496.09 3549.01 3551.80

V IV IV V V IV V V IV IV V V III III III III III III III III III II III III I III III II I I I I III I II I I III I I I I I I I II II II I II II II II II II I I I II II I

5/4/05 8:06:52 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-86 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

540 170 190 260 3300 300 100 2800 10000 6200 7800 4300 1900 7800 3000 170 13000 1200 10000 1400 7400 1300 4000 80 480 4400 3600 940 2400 9400 2000 9900 8900 7500 100 h 2400 2000 8000 160 280 h 600 2200 300 360 h 2800 110 440 h 120 800 120 12000 150 h 100 1800 890 100 130 170 180 160 110

3552.69 3558.76 3571.43 3576.05 3584.52 3587.75 3589.69 3592.92 3600.73 3601.92 3611.05 3620.94 3628.71 3633.12 3664.61 3692.53 3710.30 3747.55 3774.33 3776.56 3788.70 3818.35 3832.88 3876.82 3878.28 3950.36 3982.60 4039.83 4047.64 4077.38 4083.71 4102.38 4128.31 4142.85 4157.63 4167.52 4174.14 4177.54 4217.80 4220.63 4235.73 4235.94 4251.20 4302.30 4309.63 4330.78 4348.79 4357.73 4358.73 4366.03 4374.94 4375.61 4387.74 4398.02 4422.59 4443.66 4446.63 4475.72 4476.96 4477.45 4487.28

Section 10.indb 86

I I I I II I I I II II II I II II II I II II II II II II II I II II II I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I II I I I II I II I I II II I I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

300 500 890 440 100 100 130 95 2000 200 h 2000 180 170 160 410 120 170 180 140 120 770 550 410 120 890 330 1900 95 1100 100 150 120 100 75 75 1100 180 960 1500 10000 180 75 220 90 190 710 100 240 300 250 120 740 120 180 620 120 560 120 120 740 90

4487.47 4505.95 4527.25 4527.80 4544.32 4559.37 4596.55 4604.80 4643.70 4658.32 4674.84 4696.81 4728.53 4752.79 4760.98 4781.04 4786.89 4799.30 4819.64 4822.13 4839.87 4845.68 4852.69 4854.25 4854.87 4859.84 4883.69 4893.44 4900.12 4906.11 4921.87 4974.30 5006.97 5070.21 5072.19 5087.42 5135.20 5200.41 5205.72 5238.10 5240.81 5380.62 5402.78 5424.37 5438.24 5466.46 5468.47 5497.41 5503.45 5509.90 5521.63 5527.54 5544.50 5577.42 5581.87 5606.33 5630.13 5644.69 5648.47 5662.94 5675.27

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I II I I I I I I II I II II III I I II I I I I II I II I I I I I I I I I II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

160 90 75 100 120 120 120 150 1200 300 1000 90 70 95 40 150 70 190 21 45 29 24 h 24 29 35 35 50 29 9000 35 29 110 10000 24 10000 95 19 h

5706.73 5743.85 5765.64 5781.69 6009.19 6023.41 6135.04 6138.43 6191.73 6222.59 6435.00 6538.60 6557.39 6613.75 6650.61 6687.58 6700.71 6793.71 6815.16 6845.24 6887.22 6950.31 6979.88 7052.94 7191.66 7264.17 7346.46 7450.30 7558.71 7563.13 7855.52 7881.90 7991.43 8344.43 8796.21 8800.62 8835.85

I I I II I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I II I II III I I II III I III I II

Zinc Zn Z = 30 200 425.90 200 428.54 200 430.59 1000 677.63 750 677.96 200 713.90 60 1193.23 50 1239.12 50 1249.69 500 1265.74 500 1306.66 200 1456.72 200 1459.98 300 1499.42 300 1500.42 300 1505.92 300 1515.85 300 1552.30 90 1572.99 200 1629.19 200 1639.33 200 1673.05 80 d 1735.61

IV IV IV III III III II IV IV IV IV III IV III III III III III II III III III II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

100 100 100 d 100 d 100 100 100 100 d 100 d 100 100 100 500 500 200 120 300 200 800 r 1000 150 1000 300 200 300 200 300 300 200 300 300 400 100 200 200 300 500 r 800 700 r 800 500 50 300 400 400 800 500 200 500 500 500 500 1000 h 300 300 100 100 100 100 20 20

1767.69 1797.64 1811.05 1833.57 1864.12 1866.08 1872.13 1918.96 1929.67 1969.40 1982.11 1986.99 2025.48 2062.00 2064.23 2079.08 2099.94 2102.18 2138.56 2501.99 2515.81 2557.95 2582.49 2608.56 2608.64 2670.53 2684.16 2712.49 2756.45 2770.86 2770.98 2800.87 2801.06 3035.78 3072.06 3196.31 3282.33 3302.58 3302.94 3345.02 3345.57 3883.34 4680.14 4722.15 4810.53 4911.62 4924.03 5181.98 5894.33 6021.18 6102.49 6214.61 6362.34 7588.5 7732.5 11054.25 13053.63 13150.59 14038.70 16483.45 16491.98

III II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I II II I II I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I II II I II II II II I II II I I I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:54 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements Intensity

Wavelength/Å

20 10

16505.23 24375.02

I I

Zirconium Zr Z = 40 500 304.01 60 480.66 60 497.23 60 500.22 600 628.66 500 633.56 50 690.39 2000 740.61 10000 800.00 10000 806.89 10000 812.05 3000 841.40 300 863.65 500 864.59 9000 1183.97 9000 1201.77 10000 1219.86 500 1303.93 500 p 1323.81 1000 1469.47 10000 1546.17 10000 1598.95 5000 1607.95 100 1612.38 700 1725.02 200 1790.19 150 1793.56 125 1798.13 600 1860.86 200 1940.25 600 2028.54 125 2070.43 200 2086.78 10000 2091.49 10000 2092.36 600 2132.42 10000 2163.68 100 2175.80 100 2191.15 10000 2286.67 100 2301.60 90 2539.65 570 2567.64 1600 2568.87 2100 2571.39 250 2620.56 200 2643.79 150 2664.26 1800 2678.63 90 2687.75 750 2700.13 1300 2722.61 800 2726.49 1400 2734.86 1100 2742.56 660 2745.86 660 2752.21 530 2758.81

V IV IV IV IV IV III V V V V V IV IV IV IV IV V V IV IV IV IV III V III III III V III V III III IV IV V IV III III IV III I II II II III III III II I II II II II II II II II

Section 10.indb 87

10-87 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

620 390 530 710 660 350 350 340 490 300 270 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 820 320 820 350 500 880 350 d 690 690 350 500 500 350 690 540 880 880 540 540 760 630 630 760 1000 1300 880 540 880 380 380 380 760 380 760 540 380 570 760 5700 570 570 760 380

2814.90 2818.74 2825.56 2837.23 2844.58 2848.52 2851.97 2869.81 2875.98 2915.99 2918.24 2926.99 2948.94 2955.78 2960.87 2962.68 2968.96 2978.05 2985.39 3003.74 3011.75 3020.47 3028.04 3029.52 3036.39 3054.84 3106.58 3120.74 3129.18 3129.76 3132.07 3138.68 3164.31 3165.97 3182.86 3191.21 3212.01 3214.19 3231.69 3234.12 3241.05 3273.05 3279.26 3284.71 3305.15 3306.28 3322.99 3326.80 3334.25 3340.56 3344.79 3356.09 3357.26 3374.73 3387.87 3388.30 3391.98 3393.12 3404.83 3410.25 3414.66

I II II I II I II II I II II II II II I II II II I II I II II I II II II I II II I II II II II I I II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II II I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

1000 4700 600 410 820 600 1200 1300 4100 820 1000 2000 440 440 630 1800 630 1800 2100 1100 2100 1100 1300 880 3500 690 1100 1100 1100 1100 390 800 390 960 720 560 880 480 480 340 720 560 560 2200 1300 550 550 550 2900 770 990 1500 2900 2000 610 1200 940 490 990 660 770

3430.53 3438.23 3447.36 3457.56 3463.02 3471.19 3479.39 3481.15 3496.21 3505.67 3509.32 3519.60 3525.81 3533.22 3542.62 3547.68 3550.46 3551.95 3556.60 3566.10 3572.47 3575.79 3576.85 3586.29 3601.19 3611.89 3613.10 3614.77 3623.86 3663.65 3671.27 3674.72 3697.46 3698.17 3709.26 3745.98 3751.60 3764.39 3766.72 3766.82 3780.54 3791.40 3822.41 3835.96 3836.76 3843.02 3847.01 3849.25 3863.87 3864.34 3877.60 3885.42 3890.32 3891.38 3921.79 3929.53 3958.22 3966.66 3968.26 3973.50 3991.13

II II I II II I II II II II I I II I II I I II II I II I II I I II II II I I II II II II II II II I I II I I I I II II I I I I I I I I I I II I I I II

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

770 400 770 990 400 490 400 610 490 400 610 770 600 1500 2000 240 2000 400 1200 400 400 660 400 610 610 610 400 2000 2000 770 770 1200 550 550 550 1000 290 310 350 550 610 490 490 350 700 2300 510 1900 1400 870 700 250 360 470 300 200 100 270 160 160 340

3998.97 4023.98 4024.92 4027.20 4029.68 4030.04 4035.89 4043.58 4044.56 4045.61 4048.67 4055.03 4055.71 4064.16 4072.70 4078.31 4081.22 4121.46 4149.20 4161.21 4166.36 4187.56 4194.76 4199.09 4201.46 4208.98 4213.86 4227.76 4239.31 4240.34 4241.20 4241.69 4282.20 4294.79 4341.13 4347.89 4359.74 4360.81 4366.45 4507.12 4535.75 4542.22 4575.52 4602.57 4633.98 4687.80 4688.45 4710.08 4739.48 4772.31 4815.63 5046.58 5064.91 5078.25 5155.45 5158.00 5191.60 5385.14 5664.51 5797.74 5879.80

II I I I II I I I I II II I I I I I I I II II I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I

5/4/05 8:06:57 AM

Line Spectra of the Elements

10-88 Intensity

Wavelength/Å

170 170 680 340 440

6045.85 6121.91 6127.44 6134.55 6143.20

I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

300 150 150 540 280

6313.02 6953.84 6990.84 7097.70 7102.91

I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

170 590 160 160 150

7103.72 7169.09 7944.61 8005.27 8063.09

I I I I I

Intensity

Wavelength/Å

790 390 280

8070.08 8132.99 8212.53

I I I

Sources of Data for Each Element Numbers following the element name refer to the references on the following pages. Actinium: 193 Aluminum: 6,8,81,89,127,144,146,227,228,282 Americium: 92 Antimony: 164,167,194,386,406 Argon: 190,203,204,219,367,368,372,373,374,375,414,421 Arsenic: 163,168,197,244,280 Astatine: 188 Barium: 1,78,111,252,259,277,279 Berkelium: 53,339 Beryllium: 15,44,73,102,115,134,135,171,175,198,335 Bismuth: 1,357,358,359,360,361 Boron: 66,69,74,94,104,171,221,222 Bromine: 42,122,124,139,142,240,243,246,248,249,250,316 Cadmium: 44,285,296,353,399 Calcium: 16,25,70,150,270 Californium: 52,331 Carbon: 22,66,211 Cerium: 1,136,166,261,305 Cesium: 78,82,154,155,200,201,259,263,325 Chlorine: 11,28,30,31,85,233,238,239 Chromium: 1,379,380,412 Cobalt: 1,100,125,159,236,276,291 Copper: 199,273,290,295,324 Curium: 51,332 Dysprosium: 1 Einsteinium: 333 Erbium: 1,301 Europium: 1,312 Fluorine: 68,169,224,225,226 Francium: 408 Gadolinium: 1,46,137,151,152 Gallium: 2,19,62,132,140,141,143,195,281 Germanium: 5,119,293,340,341,342 Gold: 38,72,234,393,395 Hafnium: 1,369,404,410,425 Helium: 16,94,173,183,317 Holmium: 1 Hydrogen: 214 Indium: 1,132,348,349,350,351,352,353,435,436 Iodine: 20,21,58,84,124,153,161,176,184 Iridium: 1 Iron: 56,63,71,101,105,138,174,278,381,382 Krypton: 61,121,123,147,208,232,366,390,409,417,421 Lanthanum: 1,78,79,220,309 Lead: 54,64,106,256,274,297,283,329,330 Lithium: 3,15,17,18,37,44,112,284,321,335 Lutetium: 1,148,310,401 Magnesium: 4,7,49,83,103,128,129,177,217,269,315,335 Manganese: 1,126,385,405,433 Mercury (198): 43,50,69,145,229,242

Section 10.indb 88

Mercury (Natural): 34,45,90,117,133,189,235,304,327,328,343 Molybdenum: 1,383,420 Neodymium: 1 Neon: 56,58,69,118,150,230,364,365,371,388,389,400,402,413, 430 Neptunium: 93 Nickel: 1,294,415,416,422 Niobium: 1,392,407,431 Nitrogen: 66,107,108,212,213,318 Osmium: 1 Oxygen: 23,24,36,66,69,209,210,215 Palladium: 1,287,424 Phosphorus: 179,180,182,336 Platinum: 1,288 Plutonium: 91 Polonium: 47,48 Potassium: 32,59,60,75,76,86,150,160,172,268,314,322 Praseodymium: 1,149,306,308,337,338 Promethium: 196,260 Protactinium: 96 Radium: 253,254 Radon: 251 Rhenium: 1 Rhodium: 1,396 Rubidium: 12,109,130,241,257,258,262,264 Ruthenium: 1,423 Samarium: 1 Scandium: 1,88,150,298,323 Selenium: 9,80,181,216,245,247,275 Silicon: 87,170,237,292,319,320 Silver: 13,99,255,286,289,363,387,398 Sodium: 178,205,206,207,268,299,334 Strontium: 1,109,110,218,231,265,279,313 Sulfur: 29,144,202,209,210,266 Tantalum: 1,411,426 Technetium: 35 Tellurium: 1,344,345,346,347 Terbium: 1,302 Thallium: 1,195,348,354,355,356 Thorium: 1,97,98,156,157,165,434 Thulium: 1,307 Tin: 187,191,399,423 Titanium: 1,378,427,428 Tungsten: 1 Uranium: 1,303 Vanadium: 1,394,397,432 Xenon: 33,116,118,120,232,384,391,429 Ytterbium: 1,40,192,311 Yttrium: 1,77,265,419 Zinc: 39,55,113,131,185,186,370,376,377 Zirconium: 1,362,403,418

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Line Spectra of the Elements

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Line Spectra of the Elements 175. Lofstrand, B., Phys. Scr., 8, 57, 1973. 176. Luc-Koenig, E., Morillon, C., and Verges, J., Phys. Scr., 12, 199, 1975. 177. Lundstrom, T., Phys. Scr., 7, 62, 1973. 178. Lundstrom, T. and Minnhagen, L., Phys. Scr., 5, 243, 1972. 179. Magnusson, C. E. and Zetterberg, P. O., Phys. Scr., 10, 177, 1974. 180. Magnusson, C. E., and Zetterberg, P. O., Phys. Scr., 15, 237, 1977. 181. Martin, D. C., Phys. Rev., 48. 938, 1935. 182. Svendenius, N., Phys. Scr., 22, 240, 1980. 183. Martin, W. C., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 64, 19, 1960. 184. Martin, W. C. and Corliss, C. H., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 64, 443, 1960. 185. Martin, W. C. and Kaufman, V., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 74, 11, 1970. 186. Martin, W. C. and Kaufman, V., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 60, 1096, 1970. 187. McCormick, W. W. and Sawyer, R. A., Phys. Rev., 54, 71, 1938. 188. McLaughlin, R., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 54, 965, 1964. 189. McLennan, J. C., McLay, A. B., and Crawford, M. F., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 134, 41, 1931. 190. Meissner, K. W., Z. Phys., 39, 172, 1926. 191. Meggers, W. F., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 24, 153, 1940. 192. Meggers, W. F. and Corliss, C. H., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 70, 63, 1966. 193. Meggers, W. F., Fred, M., and Tomkins, F. S., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 58, 297, 1957. 194. Meggers, W. F. and Humphreys, C. J., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 28, 463, 1942. 195. Meggers, W. F. and Murphy, R. J., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 48, 334, 1952. 196. Meggers, W. F., Scribner, B. F., and Bozman, W. R., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 46, 85, 1951. 197. Meggers, W. F., Shenstone, A. G., and Moore, C. E., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 45, 346, 1950. 198. Mehlman, G. and Esteva, J. M., Astrophys. J., 188, 191, 1974. 199. Meinders, E., Physica, 84(C), 117, 1976. 200. Sansonetti, C. J., Dissertation, Purdue University, 1981. 201. Sansonetti, C. J., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), unpublished. 202. Millikan, R. A. and Bowen, I. S., Phys. Rev., 25, 600, 1925. 203. Minnhagen, L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 61, 1257, 1925. 204. Minnhagen, L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 63, 1185, 1973. 205. Minnhagen, L., Phys. Scr., 11, 38, 1975. 206. Minnhagen, L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 66, 659, 1976. 207. Minnhagen, L. and Nietsche, H., Phys. Scr., 5, 237, 1972. 208. Minnhagen. L., Strihed, H., and Petersson, B., Ark. Fys., 39, 471, 1969. 209. Moore, C. E., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Circ., 488, 1950. 210. Moore, C. E., Revised Multiplet Table, Princeton University Observatory No. 20, 1945. 211. Moore, C. E., National Standard Reference Data Series - National Bureau of Standards 3, Sect. 3, 1970. 212. Moore, C. E., National Standard Reference Data Series - National Bureau of Standards 3, Sect. 4, 1971. 213. Moore, C. E., National Standard Reference Data Series - National Bureau of Standards 3, Sect. 5, 1975. 214. Moore, C. E., National Standard Reference Data Series - National Bureau of Standards 3, Sect. 6, 1972. 215. Moore, C. E., National Standard Reference Data Series - National Bureau of Standards 3, Sect. 7, 1975. 216. Morillon, C. and Verges, J., Phys. Scr., 10, 227, 1974. 217. Newsom, G. H., Astrophys. J., 166, 243, 1971. 218. Newsom, G. H., O’Connor, S., and Learner, R. C. M., J. Phys. B, 6, 2162, 1973. 219. Norlen, G., Phys. Scr., 8, 249, 1973. 220. Odabasi, H., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 57, 1459, 1967. 221. Olme, A., Ark. Fys., 40, 35, 1969. 222. Olme, A., Phys. Scr., 1, 256, 1970. 223. Johansson, S., and Litzen, U., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 61, 1427, 1971. 224. Palenius, H. P., Ark. Fys., 39, 15, 1969. 225. Palenius, H. P., Phys. Scr., 1, 113, 1970. 226. Palenius, H. P., Univ. of Lund, Sweden, unpublished. 227. Paschen, F., Ann. Phys., Series 5, 12, 509, 1932. 228. Paschen, F. and Ritschl, R., Ann. Phys., Series 5, 18, 867, 1933.

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Line Spectra of the Elements 229. Peck, E. R., Khanna, B. N., and Anderholm, N. C., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 52, 53, 1962. 230. Persson, W., Phys. Scr., 3, 133, 1971. 231. Persson, W. and Valind, S., Phys. Scr., 5, 187, 1972. 232. Petersson, B., Ark. Fys., 27, 317, 1964. 233. Phillips, L. W. and Parker, W. L., Phys. Rev., 60, 301, 1941. 234. Platt, J. R. and Sawyer, R. A., Phys. Rev., 60, 866, 1941. 235. Plyer, E. K., Blaine, L. R., and Tidwell, E., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 55, 279, 1955. 236. Poppe, R., van Kleef, T. A. M., and Raassen, A. J. J., Physica, 77, 165, 1974. 237. Radziemski, L. J., Jr. and Andrew, K. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 55, 474, 1965. 238. Radziemski, L. J., Jr. and Kaufman, V., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 59, 424, 1969. 239. Radziemski, L. J., Jr. and Kaufman, V., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 64, 366, 1974. 240. Ramanadham, R. and Rao, K. R., Indian J. Phys., 18, 317, 1944. 241. Ramb, R., Ann. Phys., 10, 311, 1931. 242. Rank, D. H., Bennett, J. M., and Bennett, H. E., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 40, 477, 1950. 243. Rao, A. S. and Krishnamurty, S. G., Proc. Phys. Soc. London, 46, 531, 1943. 244. Rao, K. R., Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 134, 604, 1932. 245. Rao, K. R. and Badami, J. S., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 131, 154, 1931. 246. Rao, K. R. and Krishnamurty, S. G., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 161, 38, 1937. 247. Rao, K. R. and Murti, S. G. K., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 145, 681, 1934. 248. Rao, Y. B., Indian J. Phys., 32, 497, 1958. 249. Rao, Y. B., Indian J. Phys., 33, 546, 1959. 250. Rao, Y. B., Indian J. Phys., 35, 386, 1961. 251. Rasmussen, E., Z. Phys., 80, 726, 1933. 252. Rasmussen, E., Z. Phys., 83, 404, 1933. 253. Rasmussen, E., Z. Phys., 86, 24, 1934. 254. Rasmussen, E., Z. Phys., 87, 607, 1934. 255. Rasmussen, E., Phys. Rev., 57, 840, 1940. 256. Rau, A. S. and Narayan, A. L., Z. Phys., 59, 687, 1930. 257. Reader, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 65, 286, 1975. 258. Reader, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 65, 988, 1975. 259. Reader, J., J. Opt Soc. Am., 73, 349, 1983. 260. Reader, J. and Davis, S., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 71, 587, 1967, and unpublished. 261. Reader, J. and Ekberg, J. O., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 464, 1972. 262. Reader, J. and Epstein, G. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 1467, 1972. 263. Reader, J. and Epstein, G. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 65, 638, 1975. 264. Reader, J. and Epstein, G. L., Natl. Bur. Stand., unpublished. 265. Reader, J., Epstein, G. L., and Ekberg, J. O., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 273, 1972. 266. Kaufman, V., Phys. Scr., 26, 439, 1982. 267. Ricard, R., Givord, M., and George, F., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 205, 1229, 1937. 268. Risberg, P., Ark. Fys., 10, 583, 1956. 269. Risberg, G., Ark. Fys., 28, 381, 1965. 270. Risberg, G., Ark. Fys., 37, 231, 1968. 271. Robinson, H. A., Phys. Rev., 49, 297, 1936. 272. Robinson, H. A., Phys. Rev., 50, 99, 1936. 273. Ross, C. B., Jr., Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, 1969. 274. Ross, C. B., Wood, D. R., and Scholl, P. S., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 66, 36, 1976. 275. Ruedy, J. E. and Gibbs, R. C., Phys. Rev., 46, 880, 1934. 276. Russell, H. N., King, R. B., and Moore, C. E., Phys. Rev., 58, 407, 1940. 277. Russell, H. N. and Moore, C. E., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 55, 299, 1955. 278. Russell, H. N., Moore, C. E., and Weeks, D. W., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 34(2), 111, 1944. 279. Saunders, F., Schneider, E., and Buckingham, E., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 20, 291, 1934. 280. Sawyer, R. A. and Humphreys, C. J., Phys. Rev., 32, 583, 1928. 281. Sawyer, R. A. and Lang, R. J., Phys. Rev., 34, 712, 1929. 282. Sawyer, R. A. and Paschen, F., Ann. Phys., 84(4),1, 1927. 283. Scholl, P. S., M.S. thesis, Wright State Univ., 1975.

Section 10.indb 91

10-91 284. Schurmann, D., Z. Phys., 17, 4, 1975. 285. Seguier, J., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 256, 1703, 1963. 286. Shenstone, A. G., Phys. Rev., 31, 317, 1928. 287. Shenstone, A. G., Phys. Rev., 32, 30, 1928. 288. Shenstone, A. G., Trans. R. Soc. London, 237(A), 57, 1938. 289. Shenstone, A. G., Phys. Rev., 57, 894, 1940. 290. Shenstone, A. G. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 241, 297, 1948. 291. Shenstone, A. G., Can. J. Phys., 38, 677, 1960. 292. Shenstone, A. G., Proc. R. Soc. London, 261(A), 153, 1961. 293. Shenstone, A. G., Proc. R. Soc. London, 276(A), 293, 1963. 294. Shenstone, A. G., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 74, 801, 1970. 295. Shenstone, A. G., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 79, 497, 1975. 296. Shenstone, A. G. and Pittenger, J. T., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 39, 219, 1949. 297. Smith, S., Phys. Rev., 36, 1, 1930. 298. Smitt, R., Phys. Scr., 8, 292, 1973. 299. Soderqvist, J., Ark. Mat. Astronom. Fys., 32(A), 1, 1946. 300. Sommer, L. A., Ann. Phys., 75, 163, 1924. 301. Spector, N., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 63, 358, 1973. 302. Spector, N. and Sugar, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 66, 436, 1976. 303. Steinhaus, D. W., Radziemski, L. J., Jr., and Blaise, J., Los Alamos Sci. Lab., unpublished, 1975. 304. Subbaraya, T. S., Z. Phys., 78, 541, 1932. 305. Sugar, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 55, 33, 1965. 306. Sugar, J., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 73, 333, 1969. 307. Sugar, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 60, 454, 1970. 308. Sugar, J., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 78, 555, 1974. 309. Sugar, J. and Kaufman, V., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 55, 1283, 1965. 310. Sugar, J. and Kaufman, V., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 562, 1972. 311. Sugar, J., Kaufman, V., and Spector, N., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., Sect. A, 83, 233, 1978. 312. Sugar, J. and Spector, N., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 64, 1484, 1974. 313. Sullivan, F. J. Univ. Pittsburgh Bull., 35, 1, 1938. 314. Svensson, L. A. and Ekberg, J. O., Ark. Fys., 37, 65, 1968. 315. Swensson, J. W. and Risberg, G., Ark. Fys., 31, 237, 1966. 316. Tech, J. L., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. Sect. A, 67, 505, 1963. 317. Tech, J. L. and Ward, J. F., Phys. Rev. Lett., 27, 367, 1971. 318. Tilford, S. G., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 53, 1051, 1963. 319. Toresson, Y. G., Ark. Fys., 17, 179, 1960. 320. Toresson, Y. G., Ark. Fys., 18, 389, 1960. 321. Toresson, Y. G. and Edlen, B., Ark. Fys., 23, 117, 1963. 322. Tsien, W. Z., Chin. J. Phys., Peiping, 3, 117, 1939. 323. van Deurzen, C. H. H., Conway, J., and Davis, S. P., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 63, 158, 1973. 324. van Kleef, T. A. M., Raassen, A. J. J., and Joshi, Y. N., Physica, 84(C), 401, 1976. 325. Sansonetti, C. J., Andrew, K. L., and Verges, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 71, 423, 1981. 326. Wheatley, M. A. and Sawyer, R. A., Phys. Rev., 61, 591, 1942. 327. Wilkinson, P. G., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 45, 862, 1955. 328. Wilkinson, P. G. and Andrew, K. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 53, 710, 1963. 329. Wood, D. and Andrew, K. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 58, 818, 1968. 330. Wood, D. R., Ron, C. B., Scholl, P. S., and Hoke, M., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 64, 1159, 1974. 331. Worden, E. F. and Conway, J. G., Lawrence Livermore Lab., unpublished, 1977. 332. Worden, E. F., Hulet, E. K., Gutmacher, R. G., Conway, J. G., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 18, 459, 1976. 333. Worden, E. F., Lougheed, R. W., Gutmacher, R. G., and Conway, J. G., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 64, 77, 1974. 334. Wu, C. M., Ph.D. thesis, University of British Columbia, 1971. 335. Zaidel, A. N., Prokofev, V. K., Raiskii, S. M., Slavnyi, V. A., and Schreider, E. Y., Tables of Spectral Lines, 3rd ed., Plenum, New York, 1970. 336. Zetterberg, P. O. and Magnusson, C. E., Phys. Scr., 15, 189, 1977. 337. Sugar, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 55, 1058, 1965. 338. Sugar, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 61, 727, 1971. 339. Worden, E. F., and Conway, J. G., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 22, 329, 1978. 340. Kaufman, V. and Edlen, B., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 3, 825, 1974. 341. Lang, R. J., Phys. Rev., 34, 697, 1929. 342. Ryabtsev, A. N., Opt. Spectros., 39, 455, 1975.

5/4/05 8:07:01 AM

10-92 343. Foster, E. W., Proc. R. Soc. London, 200(A), 429, 1950. 344. Morillon, C. and Verges, J., Phys. Scr., 12, 129, 1975. 345. Ruedy, J. E., Phys. Rev., 41, 588, 1932. 346. McLennan, J. C., McLay, A. B., and McLeod, J. H., Philos. Mag., 4 ,486, 1927. 347. Handrup, M. B. and Mack, J. E., Physica, 30, 1245, 1964. 348. Clearman, H. E., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 42, 373, 1952. 349. Paschen, F., Ann. Physik, 424, 148, 1938. 350. Paschen, F. and Campbell, J. S., Ann. Phys., 31(5), 29, 1938. 351. Nodwell, R., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, unpublished, 1955. 352. Gibbs, R. C. and White, H. E., Phys. Rev., 31, 776, 1928. 353. Green, M., Phys. Rev., 60, 117, 1941. 354. Ellis, C. B. and Sawyer, R. A., Phys. Rev., 49, 145, 1936. 355. McLennan, J. C., McLay, A. B., and Crawford, M. F., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 125, 50, 1929. 356. Mack, J. E. and Fromer, M., Phys. Rev., 48, 346, 1935. 357. Humphreys, C. J. and Paul, E., U.S. Nav. Ord. Lab., Navord Rep. 4589, 25, 1956. 358. Walters, F. M., Sci. Pap. Bur. Stand., 17, 161, 1921. 359. Crawford, M. F. and McLay, A. B., Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 143, 540, 1934. 360. McLay, A. D. and Crawford, M. F., Phys. Rev., 44, 986, 1933. 361. Schoepfle, G. K., Phys. Rev., 47, 232, 1935. 362. Acquista, N., and Reader, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 70, 789, 1980. 363. Benschop, H., Joshi, Y. N., and van Kleef, T. A. M., Can. J. Phys., 53, 498, 1975. 364. Bockasten, K., Hallin, R., and Hughes, T. P., Proc. Phys. Soc., 81, 522, 1963. 365. Boyce, J. C., Phys. Rev., 46, 378, 1934. 366. Boyce, J. C., Phys. Rev., 47, 718, 1935. 367. Boyce, J. C., Phys. Rev., 48, 396, 1935. 368. Boyce, J. C., Phys. Rev., 49, 351, 1936. 369. Corliss, C. H. and Meggers, W. F., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 61, 269, 1958. 370. Crooker, A. M. and Dick, K. A., Can. J. Phys., 42, 766, 1964. 371. De Bruin, T. L., Z. Physik, 77, 505, 1932. 372. De Bruin, T. L., Proc. Roy. Acad. Amsterdam, 36, 727, 1933. 373. De Bruin, T. L., Zeeman Verhandelingen, (The Hague), 1935, p. 415. 374. De Bruin, T. L., Physica, 3, 809, 1936. 375. De Bruin, T. L., Proc. Roy. Acad. Amsterdam, 40, 339, 1937. 376. Dick, K. A., Can. J. Phys., 46, 1291, 1968. 377. Dick, K. A., unpublished, 1978. 378. Edlen, B. and Swensson, J. W., Phys. Scr., 12, 21, 1975. 379. Ekberg, J. O., Phys. Scr., 7, 55, 1973. 380. Ekberg, J. O., Phys. Scr., 7, 59, 1973. 381. Ekberg, J. O., Phys. Scr., 12, 42, 1975. 382. Ekberg, J. O. and Edlen, B., Phys. Scr., 18, 107, 1978. 383. Eliason, A. Y., Phys. Rev., 43, 745, 1933. 384. Gallardo, M., Massone, C. A., Tagliaferri, A. A., Garavaglia, M., and Persson, W., Phys. Scr., 19, 538, 1979. 385. Garcia-Riquelme, O., Optica Pura Y Aplicada, 1, 53, 1968. 386. Gibbs, R. C., Vieweg, A. M., and Gartlein, C. W., Phys. Rev., 34, 406, 1929. 387. Gilbert, W. P., Phys. Rev., 48, 338, 1935. 388. Goldsmith, S. and Kaufman, A. S., Proc. Phys. Soc., 81, 544, 1963.

Section 10.indb 92

Line Spectra of the Elements 389. Hermansdorfer, H., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 1149, 1972. 390. Humphreys, C. J., Phys. Rev., 47, 712, 1935. 391. Humphreys, C. J., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 16, 639, 1936. 392. Iglesias, L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 45, 856, 1955. 393. Iglesias, L., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 64A, 481, 1960. 394. Iglesias, L., Anales Fisica Y Quimica, 58A, 191, 1962. 395. Iglesias, L., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 70A, 465, 1966. 396. Iglesias, L., Can. J. Phys., 44, 895, 1966. 397. Iglesias, L., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 72A, 295, 1968. 398. Joshi, Y. N., Can. Spectrosc., 15, 96, 1970. 399. Joshi, Y. N. and van Kleef, T. A. M., Can. J. Phys., 55, 714, 1977. 400. Kaufman, A. S., Hughes, T. P., and Williams, R. V., Proc. Phys. Soc., 76, 17, 1960. 401. Kaufman, V. and Sugar, J., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 68, 1529, 1978. 402. Keussler, V., Z. Physik, 85, 1, 1933. 403. Kiess, C. C., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 56, 167, 1956. 404. Klinkenberg, P. F. A., van Kleef, T. A. M., and Noorman, P. E., Physica, 27, 1177, 1961. 405. Kovalev, V. I., Romanos, A. A., and Ryabtsev, A. N., Opt. Spectrosc., 43, 10, 1977. 406. Lang, R. J., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 13, 341, 1927. 407. Lang, R. J., Zeeman Verhandelingen, (The Hague), 44, 1935. 408. Liberman, S., et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 286, 253, 1978. 409. Livingston, A. E., J. Phys., B9, L215, 1976. 410. Meijer, F. G., Physica, 72, 431, 1974. 411. Meijer, F. G. and Metsch, B. C., Physica, 94C, 259, 1978. 412. Moore, F. L., thesis, Princeton, 1949. 413. Paul, F. W. and Polster, H. D., Phys. Rev., 59, 424, 1941. 414. Phillips, L. W. and Parker, W. L., Phys. Rev., 60, 301, 1941. 415. Poppe, R., Physica, 81C, 351, 1976. 416. Raassen, A. J. J., van Kleef, T. A. M., and Metsch, B. C., Physica, 84C, 133, 1976. 417. Rao, A. B. and Krishnamurty, S. G., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London), 51, 772, 1939. 418. Reader, J. and Acquista, N., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 69, 239, 1979. 419. Reader, J. and Epstein, G. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 62, 619, 1972. 420. Rico, F. R., Anales, Real Soc. Esp. Fis. Quim., 61, 103, 1965. 421. Schonheit, E., Optik, 23, 409, 1966. 422. Shenstone, A. G., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 44, 749, 1954. 423. Shenstone, A. G., unpublished, 1958. 424. Shenstone, A. G., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 67A, 87, 1963. 425. Sugar, J. and Kaufman, V., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 64, 1656, 1974. 426. Sugar, J. and Kaufman, V., Phys. Rev., C12, 1336, 1975. 427. Svensson, L. A., Phys. Scr., 13, 235, 1976. 428. Swensson, J. W. and Edlen, B., Phys. Scr., 9, 335, 1974. 429. Tagliaferri, A. A., Gallego Lluesma, E., Garavaglia, M., Gallardo, M., and Massone, C. A., Optica Pura Y Aplica, 7, 89. 430. Tilford, S. G. and Giddings, L. E., Astrophys. J., 141, 1222, 1965. 431. Trawick, M. W., Phys. Rev., 46, 63, 1934. 432. Van Deurzen, C. H. H., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 67, 476, 1977. 433. Yarosewick, S. L. and Moore, F. L., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 57, 1381, 1967. 434. Zalubas, R., unpublished, 1979. 435. Bhatia, K. S., Jones, W. E., and Crooker, A. M., Can. J. Phys., 50, 2421, 1972. 436. van Kleef, T. A. M. and Joshi, Y. N., Phys. Scr., 24, 557, 1981.

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NIST ATOMIC TRANSITION PROBABILITIES J. R. Fuhr and W. L. Wiese For the 2005 edition of this Handbook, we include new, more accurate data for Fe I and Fe II,1 and Ba I and Ba II.2 The new tables contain critically evaluated atomic transition probabilities for over 10500 selected lines of all elements for which reliable data are available on an absolute scale. The material is largely for neutral and singly ionized spectra, but also includes a number of prominent lines of more highly charged ions of important elements. Many of the data are obtained from comprehensive compilations of the Data Center on Atomic Transition Probabilities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Specifically, data have been taken from three recent comprehensive critical compilations on C, N and O,3 on Sc through Mn4 and Fe through Ni,5 and special compilations on neutral and singly ionized iron and barium. Material from earlier compilations for the elements H through Ne6 and Na through Ca7 was supplemented by more recent material taken directly from the original literature. For the highly charged ions, some of the data were derived from studies of the systematic behavior of transition probabilities.8-10 Most of the original literature is cited in the above tables and in recent bibliographies;11,12 for lack of space, individual literature references are not cited here. The wavelength range for the neutral species is normally the visible spectrum or shorter wavelengths; only the very prominent near infrared lines are included. For the higher ions, most of the strong lines are located in the far UV. The tabulation is limited to electric dipole — including intercombination — lines and comprises essentially the fairly strong transitions with estimated uncertainties in the 10% to 50% range. With the exception of hydrogen, helium, and the alkali metals, most transitions are between states with low principal quantum numbers. The transition probability, A, is given in units of 108 s-1 and is listed to as many digits as is consistent with the indicated accuracy. The power of 10 is indicated by the E notation (i.e., E-02 means 10-2). Generally, the estimated uncertainties of the A-values are ±25 to 50% for two-digit numbers, ±10 to 25% for three-digit numbers and ±1% or better for four- and five-digit numbers. Each transition is identified by the wavelength λ in ångströms (1 Å = 10-10 m); and the statistical weights, gi and gk, of the lower (i) and upper (k) states [the product gkA (or gi f) is needed for many applications]. Whenever the wavelengths of individual lines within a multiplet are extremely close, only an average wavelength for the multiplet as well as the multiplet A-value are given, and this is indicated by an asterisk (*) to the left of the wavelength. This also has been done when the transition probability for an entire multiplet has been taken from the literature and values for individual lines cannot be determined because of insufficient knowledge of the coupling of electrons. The wavelength data have been taken either from recent compilations or from the original literature cited in bibliographies published by the Atomic Energy Levels Data Center13,14 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Wavelength values are consistent with those given in the table “Line Spectra of the Elements,” which appears elsewhere in this Handbook. In addition to the transition probability A, the atomic oscillator strength f and the line strength S are often used in the literature. The conversion factors between these quantities are (for electricdipole transitions):

gi f = 1.499∙10-8 λ2gkA = 303.8 λ-1 S where λ is in ångströms, A is in 108 s-1, and S is in atomic units, which are a02e2 = 7.188∙10-59 m2 C2. The table for hydrogen is presented first, followed by the tables for other elements in alphabetical sequence by element name (not symbol). Within each element, the tables are ordered by increasing ionization stage (e.g., Al I, Al II, etc.). The transition probabilities for hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions are known precisely. Because of the hydrogen degeneracy, a “transition” is actually the sum of all fine-structure transitions between the principal quantum numbers; therefore, the hydrogen table gives weighted average A-values. For hydrogen-like ions of nuclear charge Z, the following scaling laws hold: AZ = Z 4AHydrogen fZ = fHydrogen SZ = Z -2SHydrogen λZ = Z -2λHydrogen For very highly charged hydrogen-like ions, starting at about Z>25, relativistic corrections15 must be applied.

References 1. J. R. Fuhr and W. L. Wiese, A Critical Compilation of Atomic Transition Probabilities for Neutral and Singly-Ionized Iron, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, to be published, 2005. 2. J. Z. Klose, J. R. Fuhr, and W. L. Wiese, Critically Evaluated Atomic Transition Probabilities for Ba I and Ba II, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 31, 217 (2002). 3. W. L. Wiese, J. R. Fuhr and T. M. Deters, Atomic Transition Probabilities for Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 7, 1996. 4. G. A. Martin, J. R. Fuhr, and W. L. Wiese, Atomic Transition Probabilities — Scandium through Manganese, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, Suppl. 3, 1988. 5. J. R. Fuhr, G. A. Martin, and W. L. Wiese, Atomic Transition Probabilities — Iron through Nickel, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, Suppl. 4, 1988. 6. W. L. Wiese, M. W. Smith, and B. M. Glennon, Atomic Transition Probabilities (H through Ne — A Critical Data Compilation), National Standard Reference Data Series, National Bureau of Standards 4, Vol. I, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1966. 7. W. L. Wiese, M. W. Smith, and B. M. Miles, Atomic Transition Probabilities (Na through Ca — A Critical Data Compilation), National Standard Reference Data Series, National Bureau of Standards 22, Vol. II, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1969. 8. W. L. Wiese and A. W. Weiss, Phys. Rev., 175, 50, 1968. 9. M. W. Smith and W. L Wiese, Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 23, No. 196, 103, 1971. 10. G. A. Martin and W. L. Wiese, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 5, 537, 1976. 11. J. R. Fuhr, H. R. Felrice, K. Olsen, J. Hwang, and S. Kotochigova, Atomic Transition Probability Bibliographic Database, <http://physics.nist. gov/fvalbib>. 12. W. L. Wiese, Reports on Astronomy, Trans. Int. Astron. Union, 18A, 116-123, 1982; 19A, 122-138, 1985; 20A, 117-123, 1988; 21A, 111-

10-93

Section 10.indb 93

5/4/05 8:07:04 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-94 116, 1991; 22A, 109-114, 1994; 23A, 13-17, 1997; 24A, 2-9, 1999; 25A, 383-391, 2003, D. Reidel, Kluwer, Dordrecht, Holland. 13. C. E. Moore, Bibliography on the Analyses of Optical Atomic Spectra, National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 306 — Section 1, 1968; Sections 2-4, 1969. 14. L. Hagan and W. C. Martin, Bibliography on Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra (July 1968 through June 1971), National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 363, 1972; L. Hagan, Bibliography on Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra (July 1971 through June 1975),

λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

λ –1

Hydrogen HI 912.768 912.839 912.918 913.006 913.104 913.215 913.339 913.480 913.641 913.826 914.039 914.286 914.576 914.919 915.329 915.824 916.429 917.181 918.129 919.351 920.963 923.150 926.226 930.748 937.803 949.743 972.537 1025.72 1215.67 3662.26 3663.40 3664.68 3666.10 3667.68 3669.46 3671.48 3673.76 3676.36 3679.35 3682.81 3686.83 3691.55 3697.15 3703.85 3711.97

Section 10.indb 94

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

1800 1682 1568 1458 1352 1250 1152 1058 968 882 800 722 648 578 512 450 392 338 288 242 200 162 128 98 72 50 32 18 8 1800 1682 1568 1458 1352 1250 1152 1058 968 882 800 722 648 578 512 450

5.167E-06 6.122E-06 7.297E-06 8.753E-06 1.057E-05 1.286E-05 1.578E-05 1.952E-05 2.438E-05 3.077E-05 3.928E-05 5.077E-05 6.654E-05 8.858E-05 1.200E-04 1.657E-04 2.341E-04 3.393E-04 5.066E-04 7.834E-04 1.263E-03 2.143E-03 3.869E-03 7.568E-03 1.644E-02 4.125E-02 1.278E-01 5.575E-01 4.699E+00 2.847E-06 3.374E-06 4.022E-06 4.826E-06 5.830E-06 7.096E-06 8.707E-06 1.078E-05 1.347E-05 1.700E-05 2.172E-05 2.809E-05 3.685E-05 4.910E-05 6.658E-05 9.210E-05

Å 3721.94 3734.37 3750.15 3770.63 3797.90 3835.38 3889.05 3970.07 4101.73 4340.46 4861.32 6562.80 8392.40 8413.32 8437.96 8467.26 8502.49 8545.39 8598.40 8665.02 8750.48 8862.79 9014.91 9229.02 9545.97 10049.4 10938.1 12818.1 16407.2 16806.5 17362.1 18174.1 18751.0 19445.6 21655.3 26251.5 27575 28722 30384 32961 37395 40511.5 43753 46525 46712 51273 59066 74578

gi

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 32 32 32 32 18 32 32 32 50 50 50 50 50 32 72 50 72 72 72 50

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 363, Supplement 1, 1977; R. Zalubas and A. Albright, Bibliography on Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra (July 1975 through June 1979), National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 363, Supplement 2, 1980; A. Musgrove and R. Zalubas, Bibliography on Atomic Energy Levels and Spectra (July 1979 through December 1983), National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 363, Supplement 3, 1985. 15. S. M. Younger and A. Weiss, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 79A, 629, 1975.

Weights

A

gk

10 s

392 338 288 242 200 162 128 98 72 50 32 18 800 722 648 578 512 450 392 338 288 242 200 162 128 98 72 50 288 242 200 162 32 128 98 72 288 242 200 162 128 50 288 98 242 200 162 72

8

Weights

λ –1

1.303E-04 1.893E-04 2.834E-04 4.397E-04 7.122E-04 1.216E-03 2.215E-03 4.389E-03 9.732E-03 2.530E-02 8.419E-02 4.410E-01 1.517E-05 1.964E-05 2.580E-05 3.444E-05 4.680E-05 6.490E-05 9.211E-05 1.343E-04 2.021E-04 3.156E-04 5.156E-04 8.905E-04 1.651E-03 3.358E-03 7.783E-03 2.201E-02 1.620E-04 2.556E-04 4.235E-04 7.459E-04 8.986E-02 1.424E-03 3.041E-03 7.711E-03 1.402E-04 2.246E-04 3.800E-04 6.908E-04 1.388E-03 2.699E-02 1.288E-04 3.253E-03 2.110E-04 3.688E-04 7.065E-04 1.025E-02

Å 75004 123680

gi

gk

A 108 s–1

72 72

128 98

1.561E-03 4.561E-03

Al I 2263.5 2269.1 2269.2 2367.1 2373.1 2373.4 2568.0 2575.1 2575.4 2652.5 2660.4 3082.2 3092.7 3092.8 3944.0 3961.5 6696.0 6698.7 7835.3 7836.1

2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 6

4 6 4 4 6 4 4 6 4 2 2 4 6 4 2 2 4 2 6 8

6.6E-01 7.9E-01 1.3E-01 7.2E-01 8.6E-01 1.4E-01 2.3E-01 2.8E-01 4.4E-02 1.33E-01 2.64E-01 6.3E-01 7.4E-01 1.2E-01 4.93E-01 9.8E-01 1.69E-02 1.69E-02 5.7E-02 6.2E-02

Al II 1047.9 1048.6 1539.8 1670.8 1719.4 1764.0 1772.8 1777.0 *1819.0 1855.9 1858.0 1862.3 1931.0 1990.5 2816.2 4663.1 6226.2 6231.8 6243.4 6335.7 6823.4 6837.1

1 3 3 1 1 5 1 5 15 1 3 5 3 3 3 5 1 3 5 5 3 5

3 5 5 3 3 5 3 7 15 3 3 3 1 5 1 3 3 5 7 3 3 3

3.6E-01 4.8E-01 8.8E+00 1.46E+01 6.79E+00 9.8E+00 9.5E+00 1.7E+01 5.6E+00 8.32E-01 2.48E+00 4.12E+00 1.08E+01 1.47E+01 3.83E+00 5.3E-01 6.2E-01 8.4E-01 1.1E+00 1.4E-01 3.4E-01 5.7E-01

Aluminum

5/4/05 8:07:07 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

A

gk

10 s

1 5 3 7

8

λ –1

6920.3 7042.1 7056.7 7471.4 Al III *560.36 695.83 696.22 *1352.8 1379.7 1384.1 1605.8 1611.8 1611.9 1854.7 1862.8 *1935.9 3601.6 3601.9 3612.4

2 2 2 10 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 10 6 4 4

6 4 2 14 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 14 4 4 2

4.0E-01 7.4E-01 7.2E-01 4.40E+00 4.59E+00 9.1E+00 1.22E+01 2.42E+00 1.45E+01 5.40E+00 5.33E+00 1.22E+01 1.34E+00 1.49E-01 1.5E+00

A1 X 39.925 51.979 55.227 55.272 55.376 59.107 332.78 394.83 395.36 397.76 400.43 401.12 403.55 406.31 670.06 2535

1 1 1 3 5 3 1 3 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 1

3 3 3 5 7 5 3 1 5 3 3 5 1 3 5 3

2.22E+03 4.8E+03 5.2E+03 7.2E+03 9.5E+03 4.6E+03 5.6E+01 8.3E+01 1.2E+01 1.7E+01 1.3E+01 3.6E+01 4.9E+01 1.9E+01 9.8E+00 3.8E-01

Al XI *36.675 39.091 39.180 39.530 39.623 48.298 48.338 52.299 52.446 52.458 54.217 54.388 *99.083 103.6 103.8 *141.6 150.31 150.61 157.0 157.4 *205.0

2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 2

6 4 6 2 2 4 2 4 6 4 2 2 6 4 6 6 4 6 2 2 6

1.5E+03 2.6E+03 3.1E+03 1.8E+02 3.7E+02 3.09E+03 3.08E+03 8.1E+03 9.6E+03 1.6E+03 4.8E+02 9.6E+02 2.2E+02 4.2E+02 5.0E+02 4.07E+02 8.5E+02 9.9E+02 1.3E+02 2.6E+02 6.3E+01

Section 10.indb 95

3 3 3 5

gi

Weights

10-95

9.6E-01 5.9E-01 5.8E-01 9.4E-01

Å *308.6 *341.3 550.05 568.12 1997 2069 *4761 5172 5551 5687

2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

6 2 4 2 4 2 6 4 6 4

8

9.9E+01 1.3E+02 8.55E+00 7.73E+00 1.07E+00 9.7E-01 2.55E-01 3.95E-02 3.85E-02 6.0E-03

Argon Ar I 1048.22 1066.66 3406.18 3461.08 3554.30 3563.29 3567.66 3572.30 3606.52 3632.68 3634.46 3643.12 3649.83 3659.53 3670.67 3675.23 3770.37 3834.68 3894.66 3947.50 3948.98 4044.42 4045.96 4054.53 4158.59 4164.18 4181.88 4190.71 4191.03 4198.32 4200.67 4251.18 4259.36 4266.29 4272.17 4300.10 4333.56 4335.34 4345.17 4363.79 4424.00 4510.73 4522.32 4544.75 4554.32 4584.96 4586.61

1 1 3 3 5 1 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 1 5 1 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 3 3

3 3 1 5 5 3 7 1 1 5 3 5 1 3 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 1 7 3 1 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 3

Weights

λ –1

5.36E+00 1.29E+00 3.9E-03 6.7E-04 2.7E-03 1.2E-03 1.1E-03 5.1E-03 7.6E-03 6.6E-04 1.3E-03 2.4E-04 8.0E-03 4.4E-04 3.1E-04 4.9E-04 7.0E-04 7.5E-03 5.7E-04 5.6E-04 4.55E-03 3.33E-03 4.1E-04 2.7E-04 1.40E-02 2.88E-03 5.61E-03 2.80E-03 5.39E-03 2.57E-02 9.67E-03 1.11E-03 3.98E-02 3.12E-03 7.97E-03 3.77E-03 5.68E-03 3.87E-03 2.97E-03 1.2E-04 7.3E-05 1.18E-02 8.98E-04 8.3E-04 3.8E-04 1.6E-03 2.3E-03

Å 4587.21 4589.29 4596.10 4628.44 4642.15 4647.49 4702.32 4746.82 4752.94 4768.68 4798.74 4835.97 4836.70 4876.26 4886.29 4887.95 4894.69 4921.04 4937.72 4956.75 4989.95 5032.03 5048.81 5054.18 5056.53 5060.08 5070.99 5073.08 5078.03 5087.09 5104.74 5118.21 5127.80 5151.39 5152.30 5162.29 5177.54 5192.72 5194.02 5210.49 5214.77 5216.28 5221.27 5241.09 5246.24 5249.20 5252.79 5254.47 5286.07 5290.00 5309.52 5317.73 5373.50 5393.27 5410.48 5421.35 5439.99 5442.24 5451.65 5457.42

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 7 3 3 7 3 3 5 7 7 5 7 3 3 3 7 5 3 7 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 7 7 3 7 5 5 7 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 7 3 7 3 5

gi

1 5 3 5 5 3 3 1 3 5 9 9 5 5 9 3 1 7 5 9 7 5 5 3 1 9 3 5 7 7 5 7 5 1 5 3 5 7 1 7 3 3 9 5 7 5 7 5 7 3 5 7 5 5 7 5 3 7 5 3

gk

A 108 s–1 4.9E-03 6.2E-05 9.47E-04 3.83E-04 9.6E-04 1.2E-03 1.09E-03 3.6E-03 4.5E-03 8.6E-03 8.8E-04 9.3E-04 1.02E-03 7.8E-03 1.2E-03 1.3E-02 1.8E-02 5.9E-04 3.6E-04 1.8E-03 1.1E-03 8.2E-04 4.6E-03 4.5E-03 5.7E-03 3.7E-03 2.6E-03 5.9E-04 4.7E-04 1.6E-03 8.7E-04 2.7E-03 3.3E-04 2.39E-02 1.1E-03 1.90E-02 2.4E-03 1.2E-04 7.8E-03 1.1E-03 2.1E-03 1.3E-03 8.8E-03 1.3E-03 1.2E-03 7.9E-04 5.4E-03 3.6E-03 9.6E-04 9.0E-04 1.2E-03 2.6E-03 2.7E-03 9.6E-04 2.0E-03 6.0E-03 1.9E-03 9.3E-04 4.7E-03 3.6E-03

5/4/05 8:07:09 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-96 λ Å 5459.65 5467.16 5473.46 5490.12 5492.09 5495.87 5506.11 5524.96 5528.97 5534.49 5540.87 5552.77 5558.70 5559.66 5572.54 5574.22 5581.87 5588.72 5597.48 5606.73 5618.01 5620.92 5623.78 5635.58 5637.33 5639.12 5641.39 5648.69 5650.70 5659.13 5681.90 5683.73 5700.87 5712.51 5739.52 5772.11 5773.99 5783.54 5789.48 5790.40 5802.08 5843.77 5882.62 5888.58 5916.58 5927.11 5928.81 5940.86 5942.67 5943.89 5949.26 5964.48 5968.32 5971.60 5981.90 5987.30 5988.13 5994.66 5999.00 6005.73

Section 10.indb 96

7 5 5 5 3 7 5 7 1 5 7 3 3 3 5 3 7 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 1 1 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 1 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 3 7 5 7 5 1 5 7 3 1 3 3 5 7 3 3 5 5

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 5 3 5 1 9 7 7 3 3 5 3 5 5 7 5 5 5 7 3 3 1 5 5 3 3 5 3 1 5 7 5 7 3 5 7 5 5 5 3 3 5 1 5 3 7 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 1 7 7 5 5 5 3

8

λ –1

3.8E-04 7.6E-04 2.0E-03 8.5E-04 5.6E-03 1.69E-02 3.6E-03 1.7E-03 1.2E-03 2.7E-03 4.1E-04 7.9E-04 1.42E-02 2.2E-03 6.6E-03 4.6E-04 5.6E-04 1.5E-03 4.2E-03 2.20E-02 2.1E-03 3.6E-03 1.4E-03 9.6E-04 9.1E-04 2.1E-03 8.7E-04 1.2E-03 3.20E-02 2.6E-03 2.0E-03 2.0E-03 5.9E-03 8.7E-04 8.7E-03 2.0E-03 1.1E-03 8.1E-04 4.6E-04 3.4E-04 4.2E-03 3.3E-04 1.23E-02 1.29E-02 5.9E-04 3.7E-04 1.1E-02 1.2E-03 1.8E-03 3.6E-04 1.5E-03 7.7E-04 1.8E-03 1.1E-02 1.2E-04 1.2E-03 6.1E-04 2.6E-04 1.4E-03 1.4E-03

Å 6013.68 6025.15 6043.22 6052.73 6064.76 6081.25 6085.86 6090.79 6098.81 6101.16 6104.58 6105.64 6113.46 6119.66 6121.86 6127.42 6128.73 6145.44 6155.24 6165.12 6170.17 6173.10 6179.41 6212.50 6215.94 6230.93 6243.40 6244.73 6248.41 6278.65 6296.87 6307.66 6309.14 6364.89 6369.58 6384.72 6416.31 6431.56 6466.55 6481.14 6513.85 6538.11 6596.12 6598.68 6604.02 6604.85 6632.09 6656.88 6660.68 6664.05 6677.28 6684.73 6698.47 6698.88 6719.22 6722.88 6752.84 6754.37 6756.10 6766.61

7 5 5 3 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 5 1 1 3 7 7 5 7 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 1 5 3 3 5 5

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 3 7 5 7 3 3 3 3 3 1 5 5 3 5 3 5 7 3 5 5 5 3 7 5 5 1 5 5 7 5 5 3 1 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 7 5 5 5 7 3 3 1 5 1 5 3 3 3 7 5 3 5 3

8

Weights

λ –1

1.4E-03 9.0E-03 1.47E-02 1.9E-03 5.8E-04 7.5E-04 9.0E-05 3.0E-03 5.2E-03 3.3E-03 3.4E-03 1.21E-02 4.7E-04 5.1E-04 1.3E-04 1.1E-03 8.6E-04 7.6E-03 5.1E-03 9.89E-04 5.0E-03 6.7E-03 6.6E-04 3.9E-03 5.7E-03 1.2E-04 1.3E-03 2.0E-04 6.8E-04 2.0E-04 9.0E-03 6.0E-03 7.6E-04 5.6E-03 4.2E-03 4.21E-03 1.16E-02 5.1E-04 1.5E-03 9.4E-04 5.4E-04 1.1E-03 2.3E-04 3.6E-04 2.8E-03 1.3E-04 5.3E-04 3.1E-04 7.8E-03 1.5E-03 2.36E-03 3.9E-04 2.5E-04 1.6E-03 2.4E-03 3.2E-04 1.93E-02 2.1E-03 3.6E-03 4.0E-03

Å 6779.93 6818.29 6827.25 6851.88 6871.29 6879.59 6887.10 6888.17 6925.01 6937.67 6951.46 6960.23 6965.43 6992.17 7030.25 7067.22 7068.73 7086.70 7107.48 7125.83 7147.04 7158.83 7162.57 7206.98 7229.93 7265.17 7270.66 7272.93 7285.44 7311.72 7316.01 7350.78 7353.32 7372.12 7383.98 7392.97 7412.33 7422.26 7425.29 7435.33 7436.25 7471.17 7484.24 7503.84 7510.42 7514.65 7618.33 7628.86 7635.11 7670.04 7704.81 7723.76 7724.21 7798.55 7868.20 7891.08 7916.45 7948.18 8006.16 8014.79

1 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 7 5 5 1 5 3 5 3 1 5 5 3 7 3 5 3 3 3 5 7 3 5 3 3 5 5 7 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 1 3 1 5 3 1 3 5

gi

3 1 3 5 3 5 7 5 3 1 5 5 3 1 5 5 3 3 5 3 3 1 3 3 5 3 7 3 3 3 3 1 7 9 5 3 5 5 7 5 5 3 5 1 5 1 5 5 5 3 7 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5

gk

A 108 s–1 1.21E-03 2.0E-03 2.4E-03 6.7E-04 2.78E-02 1.8E-03 1.3E-03 2.5E-03 1.2E-03 3.08E-02 2.2E-03 2.4E-03 6.39E-02 7.5E-03 2.67E-02 3.80E-02 2.0E-02 1.5E-03 4.5E-03 6.0E-03 6.25E-03 2.1E-02 5.8E-04 2.48E-02 6.6E-04 1.7E-03 1.1E-03 1.83E-02 1.2E-03 1.7E-02 9.6E-03 1.2E-02 9.6E-03 1.9E-02 8.47E-02 7.2E-03 3.9E-03 6.6E-04 3.1E-03 9.0E-03 2.7E-03 2.2E-04 3.4E-03 4.45E-01 4.5E-03 4.02E-01 2.9E-03 2.9E-03 2.45E-01 2.8E-03 6.3E-04 5.18E-02 1.17E-01 8.7E-04 3.50E-03 9.5E-03 1.2E-03 1.86E-01 4.90E-02 9.28E-02

5/4/05 8:07:11 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 8037.23 8046.13 8053.31 8066.60 8103.69 8115.31 8264.52 8384.73 8408.21 8424.65 8490.30 8521.44 8605.78 8620.46 8667.94 8761.69 8784.61 8799.08 8962.19 9075.42 9122.97 9194.64 9224.50 9291.53 9354.22 9657.78 9784.50 10470.05 10478.0 10950.7 11078.9 11393.7 11441.8 11467.5 11488.11 11668.7 11719.5 12026.6 12112.2 12139.8 12343.7 12402.9 12439.2 12456.1 12487.6 12554.4 12702.4 12733.6 12746.3 12802.7 12933.3 12956.6 13008.5 13214.7 13273.1 13313.4 13504.0 13599.2 13622.4 13678.5

Section 10.indb 97

1 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 5 1 1 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 1 7 3 5 3 3 5 7 7 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 5 3 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 1 3 5 3 7 3 7 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 5 1 3 3 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 1 3 5 3 5 3 3 7 3 7 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 1 3 3 1 7 5 7 5 5 5

8

10-97 λ

–1

3.59E-03 1.12E-02 8.6E-03 1.4E-03 2.5E-01 3.31E-01 1.53E-01 2.4E-03 2.23E-01 2.15E-01 9.6E-04 1.39E-01 1.04E-02 9.2E-03 2.43E-02 9.5E-03 2.4E-03 4.6E-03 1.6E-03 1.2E-02 1.89E-01 1.76E-02 5.03E-02 3.26E-02 1.06E-02 5.43E-02 1.47E-02 9.8E-03 2.44E-02 3.96E-03 8.3E-03 2.22E-02 1.39E-02 3.69E-03 1.9E-03 3.76E-02 9.52E-03 4.2E-03 3.1E-02 4.5E-02 2.0E-02 1.1E-01 4.9E-02 8.9E-02 1.1E-01 1.2E-03 7.1E-02 1.1E-02 2.0E-02 5.7E-02 1.0E-01 7.4E-02 8.9E-02 8.1E-02 1.5E-01 1.3E-01 1.1E-01 2.2E-02 7.3E-02 6.2E-02

Å 14093.6 14739.1 15046.4 15172.3 15329.6 15555.5 15734.9 15816.8 15989.3 16122.7 16180.0 16264.1 16520.1 16739.8 16940.4 20317.0 20616.5 20812.0 21332.2 21534.9 22039.2 22077.4 23133.4 23844.8 23967.5

1 5 1 1 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 3 3 3 5 1 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 9 3

Ar II 2317.7 2891.6 2942.9 2979.1 3033.5 3139.0 3169.7 3181.0 3212.5 3221.6 3226.0 3243.7 3249.8 3263.6 3281.7 3430.4 3454.1 3466.3 3476.7 3491.2 3491.5 3509.8 3514.4 3520.0 3521.3 3535.3 3548.5 3550.0 3556.9 3559.5 3565.0 3576.6 3581.6

6 4 4 2 2 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 2 2 2 6 6 8 6 4 6 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 2 6 2 6 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 7 3 3 5 7 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 7 3 5 1 3 3 7 1 4 2 4 2 4 6 6 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 8 4 6 6 4 8 2 6 6 8 4 4 6 2 8 4 8 4

8

Weights

λ –1

4.3E-02 8.8E-04 5.2E-02 1.3E-02 1.2E-03 9.8E-05 2.9E-04 8.7E-04 1.9E-02 3.9E-04 1.2E-03 3.0E-04 2.6E-03 3.1E-03 2.5E-02 1.6E-03 3.9E-03 7.6E-04 3.2E-04 1.1E-03 1.2E-03 1.4E-03 1.7E-03 1.1E-02 3.6E-03 1.4E-01 1.82E-01 5.3E-01 4.16E-01 9.9E-02 5.2E-01 4.9E-01 3.7E-01 5.2E-02 1.8E-02 2.1E-02 1.06E+00 6.3E-01 1.55E-01 4.2E-01 6.2E-02 3.14E-01 3.0E-02 1.25E+00 1.79E+00 2.31E+00 2.55E+00 1.36E+00 5.2E-01 2.27E-01 5.7E-01 8.7E-01 2.6E-02 5.0E-02 2.88E+00 5.5E-01 2.75E+00 1.76E+00

Å 3582.4 3588.4 3605.9 3656.0 3682.5 3709.9 3717.2 3729.3 3746.9 3763.5 3766.1 3777.5 3780.8 3786.4 3799.4 3808.6 3826.8 3841.5 3844.7 3845.4 3850.6 3868.5 3872.1 3875.3 3880.3 3891.4 3892.0 3900.6 3911.6 3914.8 3928.6 3931.2 3932.5 3944.3 3952.7 3958.4 3968.4 3979.4 3988.2 3992.1 4013.9 4031.4 4035.5 4038.8 4042.9 4045.7 4052.9 4065.1 4072.0 4079.6 4082.4 4112.8 4128.6 4131.7 4178.4 4202.0 4228.2 4237.2 4266.5 4277.5

4 8 4 6 4 4 6 6 4 8 4 2 8 8 6 6 6 4 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 6 4 2 4 2 2 4 8 4 6 6 4 6 4 8 4 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 6 6 4 8 4 6 2 4 4 6 6

gi

6 10 6 6 2 4 8 4 6 6 4 2 8 6 4 6 6 2 8 4 4 6 4 2 2 2 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 6 2 6 6 8 2 6 8 4 4 4 4 6 4 6 4 6 2 4 4 6 4 6 4

gk

A 108 s–1 2.53E+00 3.03E+00 4.4E-02 7.6E-02 1.7E-02 4.7E-02 5.2E-02 4.80E-01 2.1E-02 1.78E-01 7.4E-02 1.1E-02 7.7E-01 1.5E-02 1.7E-01 1.0E-02 2.81E-01 2.69E-01 4.8E-02 1.6E-02 3.87E-01 1.4E+00 1.5E-01 8.2E-02 2.32E-01 4.3E-02 6.3E-02 7.2E-02 7.7E-02 3.7E-02 2.44E-01 2.0E-02 9.3E-01 4.1E-02 2.08E-01 3.8E-02 4.8E-02 9.8E-01 4.1E-02 1.6E-02 1.05E-01 7.5E-02 4.4E-02 1.2E-02 4.06E-01 1.6E-02 6.7E-01 1.1E-02 5.8E-01 1.19E-01 2.9E-02 1.1E-02 1.4E-02 8.5E-01 1.2E-02 2.1E-02 1.31E-01 1.12E-01 1.64E-01 8.0E-01

5/4/05 8:07:13 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-98 λ Å 4282.9 4300.6 4331.2 4332.0 4348.1 4352.2 4362.1 4370.8 4371.3 4376.0 4379.7 4383.8 4400.1 4401.0 4412.9 4420.9 4426.0 4430.2 4431.0 4460.6 4474.8 4481.8 4491.0 4530.5 4545.1 4579.4 4589.9 4598.8 4609.6 4637.2 4657.9 4726.9 4732.1 4735.9 4764.9 4806.0 4847.8 4879.9 4889.0 4904.8 4933.2 4965.1 4972.2 5009.3 5017.2 5017.6 5062.0 5141.8 5145.3 5176.2 6103.5 6114.9 6138.7 6172.3 6243.1 6483.1 6638.2 6639.7 6643.7 6666.4

Section 10.indb 98

gi

4 6 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 8 6 2 4 2 6 4 4 6 6 6 4 2 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 6 2 6 4 4 2 6 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 6 4 6 2 10 6 8 8 4 6 4 10 2

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 6 4 2 8 2 6 4 4 2 2 4 4 6 8 4 6 4 6 6 2 6 4 4 4 2 6 4 8 6 2 4 4 4 4 6 2 6 2 8 4 4 2 6 6 4 4 8 6 6 2 8 4 6 6 2 4 2 8 2

8

λ –1

1.32E-01 5.7E-02 5.74E-01 1.92E-01 1.17E+00 2.12E-01 5.5E-02 6.6E-01 2.21E-01 2.05E-01 1.00E+00 1.1E-02 1.60E-01 3.04E-01 6.1E-02 3.1E-02 8.17E-01 5.69E-01 1.09E-01 1.5E-02 2.90E-01 4.55E-01 4.6E-02 2.1E-02 4.71E-01 8.0E-01 6.64E-01 6.7E-02 7.89E-01 7.1E-02 8.92E-01 5.88E-01 6.7E-02 5.80E-01 6.4E-01 7.80E-01 8.49E-01 8.23E-01 1.9E-01 3.7E-02 1.44E-01 3.94E-01 9.7E-02 1.51E-01 2.07E-01 1.1E-02 2.23E-01 8.1E-02 1.06E-01 1.7E-02 1.7E-02 2.00E-01 1.2E-02 2.00E-01 3.0E-02 1.06E-01 1.37E-01 1.69E-01 1.47E-01 8.8E-02

Å 6684.3 6756.6 6863.5 7233.5 7380.4 7589.3

8 4 6 2 4 6

Ar III 769.15 871.10 875.53 878.73 879.62 883.18 887.40 3024.1 3027.2 3054.8 3064.8 3078.2 3285.9 3301.9 3311.3 3336.1 3344.7 3352.1 3358.5 3361.3 3472.6 3480.6 3499.7 3500.6 3502.7 3503.6 3511.7

5 5 3 5 3 1 3 5 5 3 3 1 5 5 5 7 5 7 3 5 5 7 3 3 5 5 7

Ar IV 840.03 843.77 850.60 Ar VI 292.15 294.05

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

6 4 6 4 4 4 3 3 1 5 3 3 5 7 5 5 3 3 7 5 3 9 7 7 5 5 7 7 3 5 3 5 5

8

Weights

λ –1

1.07E-01 2.0E-02 2.5E-02 3.7E-02 5.6E-02 1.07E-01 6.0E+00 1.59E+00 3.74E+00 2.79E+00 9.2E-01 1.22E+00 9.0E-01 2.6E+00 6.4E-01 1.9E+00 1.0E+00 1.4E+00 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 1.8E+00 2.2E-01 1.6E+00 3.0E-01 2.0E-01 1.6E+00 1.3E+00 2.6E-01 4.3E-01 1.2E+00 2.6E-01

4 4 4

2 4 6

2.73E+00 2.70E+00 2.63E+00

2 4

2 2

6.9E+01 1.36E+02

Ar VII *250.41 *477.54 585.75 *637.30

9 9 1 9

3 15 3 9

2.78E+02 9.92E+01 7.83E+01 6.7E+01

Ar VIII 158.92 159.18 229.44 230.88 337.09 337.26 338.22 519.43 526.46 526.87 700.24

2 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 2

4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 4

1.1E+02 1.11E+02 1.12E+02 2.21E+02 1.2E+01 1.0E+02 1.1E+02 6.3E+01 7.2E+01 1.2E+01 2.55E+01

Å 713.81 Ar IX 48.739

2

gi

2

gk

A 108 s–1 2.4E+01

1

3

1.69E+03

Ar XIII 162.96 *163.08 184.90 186.38 *207.89 *245.10

5 9 5 1 9 9

3 3 5 3 9 15

3.4E+02 5.3E+02 1.66E+02 8.8E+01 9.5E+01 3.7E+01

Ar XIV 180.29 183.41 187.95 191.35 194.39 203.35

2 2 4 4 2 4

4 2 4 2 2 2

4.5E+01 1.69E+02 1.97E+02 7.5E+01 4.6E+01 7.8E+01

Ar XV 25.05 221.10 *265.3

1 1 9

3 3 9

1.7E+04 9.55E+01 8.1E+01

Ar XVI *23.52 *24.96 353.88 389.11 1268 1401 2975 3514

2 6 2 2 2 2 2 4

6 10 4 2 4 2 4 6

1.43E+04 4.4E+04 1.5E+01 1.1E+01 1.9E+00 1.4E+00 9.0E-02 6.5E-02

4 4 4 6 2 4 4 4 6 4 2 4 2 4

6 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 2

2.0E+00 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 2.8E+00 3.5E-01 3.1E+00 6.0E-01 4.2E-01 7.2E-02 1.2E-01 2.6E-01 7.8E-01 5.5E-01 9.9E-02

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2.62E-04 2.44E-04 2.55E-04 2.57E-04 2.50E-04 2.91E-04 3.15E-04 3.41E-04

Arsenic As I 1890.4 1937.6 1972.6 2288.1 2344.0 2349.8 2369.7 2370.8 2456.5 2492.9 2745.0 2780.2 2860.4 2898.7 Barium Ba I 2380.66 2380.75 2380.86 2380.97 2381.08 2381.21 2381.34 2381.48

5/4/05 8:07:16 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 2381.63 2381.79 2381.97 2382.15 2382.36 2382.57 2382.80 2383.06 2383.34 2383.63 2383.96 2384.32 2384.71 2385.15 2385.62 2386.15 2386.74 2387.40 2388.13 2388.96 2399.39 2402.07 2405.30 2409.23 2414.08 2420.11 2427.41 2438.81 2452.33 2472.74 3071.58 3501.11 3889.33 4132.43 4175.69 4175.91 4176.12 4176.36 4176.60 4176.86 4177.15 4177.44 4177.74 4178.07 4178.43 4178.80 4179.20 4179.64 4180.09 4180.57 4181.09 4181.66 4182.27 4182.94 4183.64 4184.40 4185.25 4186.16 4187.15 4188.25

Section 10.indb 99

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

8

10-99 λ

–1

3.22E-04 3.44E-04 3.39E-04 3.63E-04 3.64E-04 3.14E-04 3.69E-04 3.57E-04 3.37E-04 3.70E-04 3.20E-04 2.97E-04 3.00E-04 2.50E-04 2.30E-04 2.03E-04 1.87E-04 1.37E-04 9.66E-05 8.37E-05 1.10E-04 4.60E-04 4.90E-04 8.60E-04 1.50E-03 2.30E-03 5.60E-03 1.40E-03 8.10E-04 4.60E-03 4.20E-01 3.50E-01 1.10E-02 1.50E-02 1.97E-04 1.98E-04 2.08E-04 2.19E-04 2.26E-04 2.48E-04 2.77E-04 3.03E-04 3.14E-04 3.07E-04 3.64E-04 4.01E-04 4.31E-04 4.46E-04 4.53E-04 4.55E-04 4.99E-04 5.42E-04 6.11E-04 6.65E-04 6.70E-04 7.93E-04 8.43E-04 9.24E-04 9.90E-04 1.03E-03

Å 4189.44 4190.76 4192.20 4193.81 4195.59 4323.00 4402.54 4488.98 4493.64 4573.85 4579.64 4599.72 4619.92 4700.42 4726.43 4801.30 4902.85 5169.53 5519.04 5535.48 5777.62 5784.04 5800.23 5826.27 5971.70 5997.09 6019.47 6063.11 6083.39 6129.23 6309.36 6341.68 6450.85 6498.76 6527.31 6527.40 6595.33 6675.27 6693.84 6986.80 7059.94 7120.33 7195.23 7213.60 7280.30 7392.41 7417.54 7488.08 7528.18 7610.48 7644.90 7672.09 7780.48 7877.80 7905.75 8147.70 8560.00 8654.08 9370.12 9645.60

gi

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 5 3 1 3 5 9 5 5 3 1 5 3 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 7 5 15 3 5 7 5 7 3 1 5 5 3 7 7 5 5 9 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 7

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 7 5 5 3 5 3 1 3 1 1 3 7 5 7 5 15 3 3 5 3 9 5 3 5 7 3 5 7 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 7 5 5

8

Weights

λ –1

1.13E-03 1.28E-03 1.36E-03 1.58E-03 1.78E-03 8.80E-02 2.70E-01 2.80E-01 1.95E-01 1.21E+00 7.00E-01 4.07E-01 2.70E-02 6.10E-02 3.30E-01 1.39E-01 5.40E-02 9.00E-04 5.70E-01 1.19E+00 8.00E-01 2.10E-01 2.39E-01 4.50E-01 1.62E-01 2.80E-01 8.10E-01 5.60E-01 1.10E-01 6.00E-02 2.00E-04 1.16E-01 1.10E-01 5.40E-01 3.30E-01 6.15E-01 3.80E-01 1.89E-01 1.46E-01 5.20E-03 5.00E-01 1.10E-01 5.60E-02 6.50E-04 3.20E-01 1.81E-01 7.70E-03 7.30E-02 2.70E-02 1.10E-02 5.03E-01 1.52E-01 7.60E-02 1.60E-02 2.65E-01 6.30E-02 2.00E-01 3.10E-03 7.60E-02 1.10E-01

Å 9704.31 9821.48 10370.30 10540.10 10649.10 11075.70 11303.00 11373.70 12342.30 14723.10 14999.90 17186.90 18202.80 21567.70 30685.30

3 3 3 5 5 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 5

Ba II 1622.43 1630.36 1761.74 1771.10 1786.95 1892.49 1954.28 1955.05 1985.75 1999.55 2009.28 2024.06 2052.75 2054.09 2079.98 2153.93 2200.89 2214.76 2232.79 2235.38 2245.69 2254.78 2285.99 2528.41 2634.78 2641.37 2647.26 2771.35 3390.18 3412.44 3413.95 3552.45 3576.28 3578.57 3891.78 4130.65 4166.00 4216.07 4267.92 4309.26 4325.75 4329.56 4524.93

2 2 4 4 6 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 6 6 4 6 6 2 4 4 2 6 8 4 4 2

gi

1 1 5 3 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 4 2 4 2 4 4 6 4 4 4 2 2 6 4 2 4 2 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 6 4 2 2 6 8 6 6 8 6 4 6 4 4 8 10 6 4 2

gk

A 108 s–1 1.60E-01 5.50E-02 1.30E-02 1.80E-02 2.70E-02 3.10E-05 1.10E-03 1.30E-01 9.00E-04 8.60E-03 2.50E-03 2.70E-02 1.20E-02 2.60E-03 6.50E-03 2.46E-02 2.42E-02 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 9.00E-02 1.30E-01 1.40E-01 2.40E-02 2.00E-01 7.12E-02 6.51E-02 6.86E-02 2.20E-01 3.70E-02 1.17E-01 3.43E-01 1.13E-01 1.60E-02 3.69E-01 6.13E-02 1.60E-01 1.40E-01 2.03E-01 6.91E-01 7.33E-01 1.21E-01 2.26E-01 3.95E-01 4.54E-03 4.77E-03 3.18E-04 3.87E-03 4.07E-03 2.71E-04 2.17E+00 2.18E+00 3.54E-01 5.09E-02 3.10E-01 3.10E-01 5.65E-02 9.39E-03 6.63E-01

5/4/05 8:07:18 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-100 λ Å 4554.03 4708.90 4843.48 4847.19 4850.92 4899.93 4934.08 4957.09 4997.79 5012.95 5185.06 5267.01 5361.35 5391.59 5413.57 5421.06 5428.84 5480.25 5784.15 5853.67 5981.26 5999.91 6135.60 6141.71 6378.92 6496.90 6769.48 6874.08 6995.14 7115.03 8496.80 8591.43 8661.90 8703.69 8710.77 8719.12 8737.75 8760.61 8897.46 9603.12 10115.00 10212.80 10709.80 10768.00 10769.70 10993.40 11088.50 11127.50 11519.50 11577.10 11931.90 12475.00 13057.80 14211.50 17738.90 18530.70 18729.70 19642.60 19845.10 22994.70

Section 10.indb 100

2 2 4 2 4 4 2 6 4 8 2 2 4 6 6 6 6 8 2 4 4 4 2 6 4 4 6 8 6 8 2 6 6 4 6 4 4 8 6 2 4 4 6 2 6 8 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 6 8 2 4 4 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 4 6 2 4 2 2 8 2 10 4 2 6 8 6 6 4 6 4 4 6 4 2 4 2 2 8 10 8 10 4 6 4 6 8 4 6 6 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 6 6 4 2 2 2 2 4 2 8 10 4 6 4 2

8

λ –1

1.11E+00 8.47E-02 9.34E-02 3.49E-02 1.55E-02 1.04E+00 9.53E-01 5.13E-01 6.37E-02 5.15E-01 1.10E-02 1.00E-02 4.01E-02 4.22E-02 9.21E-05 2.77E-03 1.92E-03 1.78E-03 1.59E-01 6.00E-02 1.73E-01 2.86E-02 6.64E-02 4.12E-01 1.18E-01 3.10E-01 9.35E-01 9.26E-01 8.90E-03 8.80E-03 3.31E-02 6.19E-04 1.27E-02 3.69E-02 7.88E-01 6.12E-03 7.29E-01 1.17E-02 4.93E-02 4.16E-01 4.27E-01 6.92E-02 9.90E-05 5.56E-02 2.04E-03 1.83E-03 6.11E-02 1.01E-02 2.47E-02 1.75E-01 4.44E-02 2.80E-01 2.14E-01 1.66E-01 2.16E-01 1.96E-01 1.23E-01 1.28E-01 2.07E-02 6.18E-02

Å 24612.50 24699.00 25923.20 27687.20 29058.90 30196.00 42934.70 43294.30 47520.80

4 4 6 2 4 2 6 4 6

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 2 4 4 2 2 8 6 6

8

4.75E-03 9.98E-02 3.66E-02 6.10E-02 2.89E-02 4.70E-02 4.82E-03 4.39E-03 2.37E-04

Beryllium Be I 1491.8 1661.5 2348.6 *2494.7 *2650.6 4572.7 Be II 1197.1 1197.2 1512.3 1512.4 1776.1 1776.3 *2453.8 3046.5 3046.7 3130.4 3131.1 3241.6 3241.8 3274.6 3274.7 4360.7 4361.0 *5255.9 5270.3 5270.8 6279.4 6279.7 6756.7 6757.1 7401.2 7401.4

1 1 1 9 9 3

3 3 3 15 9 5

1.3E-02 2.0E-01 5.55E+00 1.6E+00 4.24E+00 7.9E-01

2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2

2 2 4 6 2 2 6 4 6 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 6 6 2 2 4 6 2 2 4 2

4.7E-01 9.4E-01 9.2E+00 1.1E+01 1.4E+00 2.9E+00 1.42E-01 4.8E-01 5.9E-01 1.14E+00 1.15E+00 1.41E-01 2.8E-01 1.9E-01 1.9E-01 9.2E-01 1.1E+00 2.56E-02 3.30E-01 6.6E-01 1.2E-01 1.43E-01 5.1E-02 1.02E-01 3.0E-02 3.0E-02

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

6 4 6 2 2 4 6 4 6 4 6 2

1.2E+00 6.0E-02 9.9E-01 9.1E-01 2.6E-02 8.9E-01 2.6E+00 2.5E-01 4.3E-02 4.7E-01 6.4E-02 3.09E-01

Bismuth Bi I 1954.5 2021.2 2061.7 2110.3 2177.3 2228.3 2230.6 2276.6 2515.7 2627.9 2696.8 2780.5

Weights

λ –1

Å 2798.7 2898.0 2938.3 2989.0 2993.3 3024.6 3067.7 3076.7 3397.2 3402.9 3510.9 3596.1 3888.2 4121.5 4308.5 4493.0 4722.5 6134.8

6 4 6 4 4 6 4 4 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 4 4

gi

6 2 4 4 6 6 2 4 4 6 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4

gk

A 108 s–1 3.6E-02 1.53E+00 1.23E+00 5.5E-01 1.6E-01 8.8E-01 2.07E+00 3.5E-02 1.81E-01 1.6E-02 6.8E-02 1.98E-01 6.9E-02 1.64E-01 1.6E-02 1.5E-02 1.17E-01 1.8E-02

Boron BI 1378.6 1378.9 1378.9 1379.2 1465.5 1465.7 1465.8 1825.9 1826.4 2088.9 2089.6 2496.8 2497.7

2 2 4 4 2 4 6 2 4 2 4 2 4

4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 6 4 6 2 2

3.50E+00 1.40E+01 1.75E+01 7.0E+00 3.34E+00 6.7E+00 1.00E+01 1.76E+00 2.11E+00 2.8E-01 3.3E-01 8.64E-01 1.73E+00

4 4 2 4 2 2 4 6 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 4 6 2 6 2 2

4 4 4 6 4 4 2 4 4 8 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 6 4 4 6 4 2

1.2E+00 1.4E+00 2.0E-01 2.1E-02 8.1E-02 7.5E-03 4.2E-03 7.5E-03 9.3E-03 1.3E-02 2.8E-03 7.2E-03 1.6E-02 5.4E-03 2.6E-03 3.1E-03 7.6E-03 1.2E-01 1.2E-01 5.3E-02 1.9E-01 3.8E-02 2.2E-01

Bromine Br I 1488.5 1540.7 1574.8 1576.4 1633.4 4365.1 4425.1 4441.7 4472.6 4477.7 4513.4 4525.6 4575.7 4614.6 4979.8 5245.1 5345.4 7348.5 7513.0 7803.0 7938.7 8131.5 8343.7

5/4/05 8:07:20 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 8446.6 8638.7 Br II 4704.9 4785.5 4816.7

4 6

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 4

8

λ –1

1.2E-01 9.7E-02

5 5 5

7 5 3

1.1E+00 9.4E-01 1.1E+00

Cd I 2288.0 2836.9 2880.8 2881.2 2980.6 2981.4 3261.1 3403.7 3466.2 3467.7 3610.5 3612.9 4140.5 4662.4 4678.1 4799.9 5085.8 6438.5

1 1 3 3 5 5 1 1 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 3 5 3

3 3 5 3 7 5 3 3 5 3 7 5 5 5 3 3 3 5

5.3E+00 2.8E-01 4.2E-01 2.4E-01 5.9E-01 1.5E-01 4.06E-03 7.7E-01 1.2E+00 6.7E-01 1.3E+00 3.5E-01 4.7E-02 5.5E-02 1.3E-01 4.1E-01 5.6E-01 5.9E-01

Cd II 2144.4 2265.0 2572.9 2748.5 4415.6

2 2 2 4 4

4 2 2 2 6

2.8E+00 3.0E+00 1.7E+00 2.8E+00 1.4E-02

Cadmium

Calcium Ca I 2275.5 2995.0 2997.3 2999.6 3000.9 3006.9 3009.2 3344.5 3350.2 3361.9 3624.1 3630.8 3631.0 3644.4 3644.8 3870.5 3957.1 3973.7 4092.6 4094.9 4098.5 4108.5 4226.7 4283.0

Section 10.indb 101

1 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 5 1 3 3 5 5 3 3 5 3 5 7 5 1 3

3 3 5 3 1 5 3 3 5 7 3 5 3 7 5 5 3 3 5 7 9 7 3 5

10-101

3.01E-01 3.67E-01 2.41E-01 2.79E-01 1.58E+00 7.5E-01 4.30E-01 1.51E-01 1.78E-01 2.23E-01 2.12E-01 2.97E-01 1.53E-01 3.55E-01 9.4E-02 7.2E-02 9.8E-02 1.75E-01 1.1E-01 1.2E-01 1.3E-01 9.0E-01 2.18E+00 4.34E-01

Å 4289.4 4299.0 4302.5 4307.7 4318.7 4355.1 4425.4 4435.0 4435.7 4454.8 4455.9 4526.9 4578.6 4581.4 4585.9 4685.3 4878.1 5041.6 5188.9 5261.7 5262.2 5264.2 5265.6 5270.3 5582.0 5588.8 5590.1 5594.5 5598.5 5601.3 5602.9 5857.5 6102.7 6122.2 6161.3 6162.2 6163.8 6166.4 6169.1 6169.6 6439.1 6449.8 6462.6 6471.7 6493.8 6499.7

1 3 5 3 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 3 5 7 3 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 7 5 7 3 5 3 7 5 3 1 3 5 5 3 3 5 7 7 3 5 7 3 5

Ca II 1341.9 1342.5 1649.9 1652.0 1673.9 1680.1 1680.1 1807.3 1814.5 1814.7 1843.1 1850.7

2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 5 1 3 7 3 5 3 7 5 3 5 7 9 5 7 3 5 3 1 5 3 5 7 7 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 1 3 5 9 5 7 7 5 5 4 2 4 2 4 6 4 4 6 4 2 2

8

Weights

λ –1

6.0E-01 4.66E-01 1.36E+00 1.99E+00 7.4E-01 1.9E-01 4.98E-01 6.7E-01 3.42E-01 8.7E-01 2.0E-01 4.1E-01 1.76E-01 2.09E-01 2.29E-01 8.0E-02 1.88E-01 3.3E-01 4.0E-01 1.5E-01 6.0E-01 9.1E-02 4.4E-01 5.0E-01 6.0E-02 4.9E-01 8.3E-02 3.8E-01 4.3E-01 8.6E-02 1.4E-01 6.6E-01 9.6E-02 2.87E-01 3.3E-02 3.54E-01 5.6E-02 2.2E-01 1.7E-01 1.9E-01 5.3E-01 9.0E-02 4.7E-01 5.9E-02 4.4E-01 8.1E-02 1.5E-02 1.5E-02 3.2E-03 3.1E-03 2.24E-01 2.65E-01 4.41E-02 3.54E-01 4.2E-01 7.0E-02 1.6E-01 3.08E-01

Å

gi

4 6 4 2 2 4 6 4 2 2 4 2

gk

A 108 s–1

2103.2 2112.8 2113.2 2197.8 2208.6 3158.9 3179.3 3181.3 3706.0 3736.9 3933.7 3968.5

2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 2

8.2E-01 9.7E-01 1.6E-01 3.1E-01 6.2E-01 3.1E+00 3.6E+00 5.8E-01 8.8E-01 1.7E+00 1.47E+00 1.4E+00

Ca III 357.97 439.69 490.55

1 1 1

3 3 3

8.8E+02 1.9E-01 1.6E-02

Ca V 558.60 637.93 643.12 646.57 647.88 651.55 656.76

5 5 3 5 3 1 3

3 3 1 5 3 3 5

2.2E+01 3.9E+00 9.1E+00 6.9E+00 2.3E+00 2.9E+00 2.1E+00

Ca VII 550.20 624.39 630.54 630.79 639.15 640.41

5 1 3 3 5 5

5 3 5 3 7 5

1.8E+01 3.3E+00 4.5E+00 2.2E+00 5.7E+00 1.3E+00

Ca VIII 182.71 184.16

2 4

2 2

1.6E+02 3.2E+02

Ca IX 163.23 371.89 373.81 378.08 395.03 466.24 498.01 506.18 515.57

5 1 3 5 3 1 3 5 5

3 3 5 7 5 3 5 5 3

3.76E+02 8.8E+01 1.16E+02 1.5E+02 2.2E+02 1.12E+02 2.49E+01 7.2E+01 3.75E+01

Ca X 110.96 111.20 151.84 153.02 206.57 206.75 207.39 411.70 419.75 420.47 557.76 574.01

2 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 2

4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 2

2.9E+02 2.92E+02 2.3E+02 4.5E+02 2.9E+01 2.6E+02 2.8E+02 8.3E+01 9.5E+01 1.6E+01 3.50E+01 3.2E+01

5/4/05 8:07:22 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-102 λ Å Ca XI 30.448 30.867 35.212 Ca XII 140.05 147.27

Weights

A

gk

10 s

gi

8

λ –1

1 1 1

3 3 3

6.2E+03 4.9E+04 2.0E+03

4 2

2 2

3.7E+02 1.6E+02

Ca XV 141.69 *142.23 161.00

5 9 5

3 3 5

4.08E+02 6.3E+02 1.9E+02

Ca XVII 19.558 21.198 192.82 218.82 223.02 228.72 232.83 244.06

1 3 1 3 1 3 5 5

3 5 3 5 3 3 5 3

3.8E+04 4.9E+04 1.21E+02 2.76E+01 3.44E+01 2.37E+01 6.5E+01 3.28E+01

Ca XVIII *18.71 *19.74 302.19 344.76

2 6 2 2

6 10 4 2

2.31E+04 7.0E+04 2.0E+01 1.3E+01

1 3 5 5 1 3 3 3 5 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 1 5 3 3 5 1 3 5 5 5 5

3 3 3 7 3 1 3 5 3 5 7 3 5 3 7 5 3 7 5 3 5 3 1 3 3 1 5 3 7 5

3.79E+00 1.14E+01 1.89E+01 1.22E+00 5.32E-01 1.70E+00 4.42E-01 3.71E-01 7.06E-01 1.27E+00 1.03E-02 1.27E+00 1.73E+00 9.12E-01 2.31E+00 6.35E-01 5.56E-02 1.10E-01 3.08E-01 3.11E-01 5.77E-01 1.73E-01 8.22E-01 3.33E-01 7.95E-01 2.41E+00 1.79E+00 1.00E+00 1.04E+00 1.57E-01

Carbon CI 945.191 945.338 945.579 1193.24 1260.74 1260.93 1261.00 1261.12 1261.43 1261.55 1274.11 1277.25 1277.28 1277.51 1277.55 1277.72 1277.95 1279.23 1279.89 1280.14 1280.33 1280.40 1280.60 1280.85 1328.83 1329.09 1329.58 1329.60 1355.84 1364.16

Section 10.indb 102

Å 1431.60 1432.10 1432.53 1459.03 1463.34 1467.40 1468.41 1470.09 1472.23 1481.76 1560.31 1561.34 1561.44 1656.27 1656.93 1657.01 1657.38 1657.91 1658.12 1751.83 1763.91 1765.37 1930.90 2478.56 2902.23 2903.27 2905.00 4371.37 4762.31 4762.53 4766.67 4770.03 4771.74 4775.90 4812.92 4817.37 4826.80 4932.05 5023.84 5039.06 5041.48 5041.79 5052.17 5380.34 5545.05 5668.94 5793.12 5794.47 5800.23 5800.60 5805.20 6001.12 6006.02 6007.18 6010.68 6013.17 6013.21 6014.83 6016.45 6587.61

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 3 1 5 3 3 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 5 3 7 7 3 5 3 3 3 3 7 5 3 5 3 5 7 3 3 7 7 5 5 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 5 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 5 3 5 7 5 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 5 3 3 3 3 1 9 9 5 7 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 5 5 3 1 5 9 3 7 3

8

Weights

λ –1

2.11E+00 2.01E+00 2.11E+00 4.76E-01 1.88E+00 5.49E-01 3.90E-02 1.37E-02 8.01E-03 3.92E-01 6.57E-01 2.94E-01 1.18E+00 8.58E-01 1.13E+00 2.52E+00 8.64E-01 3.43E+00 1.44E+00 9.07E-01 3.59E-02 1.04E-02 3.51E+00 3.40E-01 4.32E-03 1.29E-02 2.15E-02 1.27E-02 3.37E-03 2.72E-03 2.36E-03 1.07E-02 7.97E-03 4.84E-03 4.03E-04 8.76E-04 6.28E-04 6.02E-02 1.81E-03 4.73E-03 5.25E-03 3.28E-03 2.60E-02 1.86E-02 3.04E-03 2.35E-02 3.44E-03 6.44E-04 1.04E-03 3.04E-03 4.12E-03 3.22E-03 1.79E-02 5.34E-03 2.13E-02 1.79E-02 4.35E-03 1.60E-02 3.86E-03 5.09E-02

Å 6655.52 6828.12 7111.47 7113.18 7115.17 7115.18 7116.99 7119.66 7860.88 8058.62 8335.15 9061.44 9062.49 9078.29 9088.51 9094.83 9111.81 9405.73 9603.03 9620.78 9658.43

3 3 3 7 5 3 7 5 5 5 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 3 1 3 5

C II 687.345 858.092 858.559 903.623 903.962 904.142 904.480 1009.86 1010.08 1010.37 1036.34 1037.02 1323.91 1323.95 1334.53 1335.71 2091.14 2091.19 2091.65 2093.16 2173.85 2174.17 2509.13 2511.74 2512.06 2727.31 2728.72 2729.21 2730.63 5132.95 5133.28 5137.26 5139.17 5143.49 5145.16 5151.08 5640.55

4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 4 2 4 6 6 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 6 6 2

gi

3 5 5 9 7 1 5 3 5 5 1 5 3 3 1 5 3 5 3 3 3 6 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 6 4 6 4 6 8 6 4 2 4 4 6 4 4 2 2 4 6 2 4 2 6 4 4

gk

A 108 s–1 5.03E-03 9.89E-03 2.17E-02 2.47E-02 2.19E-02 4.43E-02 3.26E-02 3.12E-02 1.53E-02 1.09E-02 3.51E-01 7.31E-02 9.48E-02 7.07E-02 3.00E-01 2.28E-01 1.35E-01 2.91E-01 3.06E-02 8.62E-02 1.25E-01 2.84E+01 1.18E+00 2.35E+00 6.85E+00 2.74E+01 3.42E+01 1.37E+01 5.71E+00 1.14E+01 1.71E+01 7.61E+00 1.52E+01 4.33E+00 4.49E+00 2.37E+00 2.84E+00 1.00E-01 1.69E-01 2.41E-01 7.20E-02 2.31E-01 2.31E-01 4.53E-01 9.04E-02 5.42E-01 6.63E-02 3.31E-01 2.65E-01 1.32E-01 3.89E-01 2.80E-01 1.55E-01 1.24E-01 7.73E-01 6.49E-01 4.16E-01 9.89E-02

5/4/05 8:07:24 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 5648.07 5662.46 5818.31 5822.98 5823.18 5827.85 5836.37 5843.62 5856.06 6095.29 6098.51 6102.56 6578.05 6582.88 6724.56 6727.07 6727.26 6731.07 6733.58 6734.00 6738.61 6742.43 6750.54 6755.16 6779.94 6780.59 6783.91 6787.21 6791.47 6798.10 6800.69 6812.28 7046.25 7053.09 7063.68 7112.48 7113.04 7115.63 7119.76 7119.91 7125.72 7132.47 7134.10 7231.33 7236.42 7237.17 8028.85 8037.73 8039.40 8048.31 8062.10 8062.80 8076.64 9238.30 9251.01 9863.06 9870.78 9882.68

4 6 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 4 2 6 2 4 4 6 6 4 4 4 2 4 6 4 8 6 6 8 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 4 2 2 4 6

C III 310.170

1

Section 10.indb 103

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 4 2 4 2 4 4 6 6 4 6 4 4 2 4 2 6 4 2 8 6 4 8 6 6 4 8 2 4 2 6 4 2 4 6 4 6 8 4 10 6 4 8 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 6 4 6 6 4 4 6 8 3

8

10-103 λ

–1

1.97E-01 2.93E-01 3.38E-02 3.38E-03 3.38E-02 2.16E-02 4.22E-02 1.20E-02 5.31E-02 4.20E-01 5.03E-01 8.37E-02 3.63E-01 3.62E-01 3.17E-02 6.34E-02 2.96E-02 5.06E-02 6.32E-02 1.80E-02 7.23E-02 4.41E-02 1.08E-01 2.38E-02 2.56E-01 1.52E-01 3.65E-01 3.04E-01 1.94E-01 6.04E-02 1.09E-01 1.80E-02 3.20E-01 3.19E-01 3.17E-01 2.94E-01 3.15E-01 3.60E-01 1.17E-01 4.19E-01 1.02E-01 8.33E-03 5.93E-02 3.52E-01 4.22E-01 7.03E-02 1.71E-02 4.26E-02 8.51E-02 1.36E-02 3.04E-02 4.56E-02 7.05E-02 3.34E-02 2.77E-02 5.56E-02 9.31E-02 1.33E-01 6.56E+00

Å 386.203 459.466 459.514 459.627 574.281 977.020 1174.93 1175.26 1175.59 1175.71 1175.99 1176.37 1247.38 2296.87 2849.05 3703.70 4325.56 4647.42 4650.25 4651.02 4651.47 4652.05 4659.06 4663.64 4665.86 4673.95 5244.66 5253.58 5272.52 5695.92 5858.34 5863.25 5871.68 5880.56 5894.07 6727.48 6731.04 6742.15 6744.39 6762.17 6773.39 6851.18 6853.68 6857.24 6862.69 6868.78 6872.04 6881.10 7353.88 7707.43 7771.76 7780.41 7796.00 8500.32 9593.32 9651.47 9696.48 9696.54 9699.57 9701.10

1 1 3 5 3 1 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 1 3 5 3 3 3 5 5 7 1 3 3 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 7 7 5 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 5 3 7 1

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 5 7 5 3 5 3 3 5 1 3 1 5 1 3 5 5 3 5 1 3 3 1 5 3 3 3 3 5 1 3 3 5 5 3 5 3 7 5 3 5 7 3 5 3 7 5 3 5 1 3 5 3 3 5 7 5 9 3

8

Weights

λ –1

3.46E+01 5.91E+01 7.97E+01 1.06E+02 6.24E+01 1.767E+01 3.293E+00 4.385E+00 3.287E+00 9.856E+00 1.313E+01 5.468E+00 2.082E+01 1.376E+00 1.95E-01 5.90E-01 1.24E-01 7.26E-01 7.25E-01 2.28E-01 7.24E-01 3.04E-01 2.27E-01 9.05E-01 6.78E-01 3.75E-01 5.30E-02 1.58E-01 2.61E-01 4.27E-01 1.34E-01 3.35E-02 1.00E-01 1.99E-02 1.11E-01 1.12E-01 1.50E-01 8.32E-02 1.99E-01 4.95E-02 5.47E-03 7.60E-03 5.64E-03 3.79E-02 3.51E-02 1.26E-02 4.46E-02 7.80E-03 3.09E-02 1.30E-01 1.77E-01 1.76E-01 1.75E-01 1.01E-01 5.32E-03 1.57E-02 7.53E-03 7.12E-03 8.47E-03 4.40E-02

Å

gi

5 3 7 5 3

gk

A 108 s–1

9705.41 9706.44 9715.09 9717.75 9718.79

3 3 5 5 5

5.93E-02 3.29E-02 7.88E-02 1.97E-02 2.19E-03

C IV *312.43 *384.13 1548.19 1550.77 5801.31 5811.97

2 6 2 2 2 2

6 10 4 2 4 2

4.63E+01 1.76E+02 2.65E+00 2.64E+00 3.17E-01 3.16E-01

CV 34.9728 40.2678 *227.19 247.315 *248.71 *260.19 267.267 *2273.9 3526.66 8420.72 *8433.2 8448.12 8449.19

1 1 3 1 9 9 3 3 1 3 3 3 3

3 3 9 3 15 3 5 9 3 5 9 1 3

2.554E+03 8.873E+03 1.363E+02 1.278E+02 4.247E+02 6.680E+01 3.947E+02 5.646E-01 1.663E-01 6.898E-02 6.868E-02 6.832E-02 6.829E-02

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2

7.6E-06 7.9E-06 8.5E-06 9.4E-06 1.19E-05 1.49E-05 1.7E-05 1.07E-07 2.0E-05 1.43E-07 2.5E-05 1.97E-07 2.8E-05 2.63E-07 3.45E-05 3.7E-07 4.25E-05 7.0E-07 5.6E-05 9.8E-07 1.0E-04 2.7E-06 1.6E-04 5.2E-06 2.2E-04 1.1E-05 4.0E-04 2.4E-05 6.6E-04 6.6E-05

Cesium Cs I 3203.5 3205.3 3207.5 3210.0 3212.8 3216.2 3220.1 3220.2 3224.8 3225.0 3230.5 3230.7 3237.4 3237.6 3245.9 3246.2 3256.7 3257.1 3270.5 3271.0 3288.6 3289.3 3313.1 3314.0 3347.5 3348.8 3397.9 3400.0 3476.8 3480.0

5/4/05 8:07:26 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-104 λ Å 3611.4 3617.3 3876.1 3888.6 4555.3 4593.2 8521.1 8943.5

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2

8

λ –1

1.5E-03 2.5E-04 3.8E-03 9.7E-04 1.88E-02 8.0E-03 3.276E-01 2.87E-01

Chlorine Cl I 1188.8 1188.8 1201.4 1335.7 1347.2 1351.7 1363.4 4323.3 4363.3 4379.9 4389.8 4526.2 4601.0 4661.2 7256.6 7414.1 7547.1 7717.6 7745.0 7769.2 7821.4 7830.8 7878.2 7899.3 7924.6 7935.0 7997.9

4 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 6 4 2 2 6 6 4 4 2 6 6 4 6 4 2 6 4

6 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 6 4 8 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 8 4 6 6 4 8 4

2.33E+00 2.71E-01 2.39E+00 1.74E+00 4.19E+00 3.23E+00 7.5E-01 1.1E-02 6.8E-03 1.4E-02 1.4E-02 5.1E-02 4.2E-02 1.2E-02 1.5E-01 4.7E-02 1.2E-01 3.0E-02 6.3E-02 6.0E-02 9.8E-02 9.7E-02 1.8E-02 5.1E-02 2.1E-02 3.9E-02 2.1E-02

Cl II 3329.1 3522.1 3798.8 3805.2 3809.5 3851.0 3851.4 3854.7 3861.9 3868.6 3913.9 3990.2 4132.5 4276.5 4768.7 4781.3 4794.6 4810.1 4819.5 4904.8

5 7 5 7 3 5 5 3 5 7 9 5 5 9 3 5 5 5 5 5

7 7 7 9 5 7 5 5 7 9 9 7 5 7 5 7 7 5 3 7

1.5E+00 1.4E+00 1.6E+00 1.8E+00 1.5E+00 1.8E+00 1.6E+00 2.2E+00 2.4E+00 2.7E+00 8.2E-01 8.4E-01 1.6E+00 7.6E-01 7.7E-01 1.0E+00 1.04E+00 9.9E-01 1.00E+00 8.1E-01

Section 10.indb 104

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 7 9 7

8

4917.7 5078.3 5219.1 5392.1

3 7 3 5

Cl III 2298.5 2340.6 2370.4 2531.8 2532.5 2577.1 2580.7 2601.2 2603.6 2609.5 2617.0 2661.6 2665.5 2691.5 2710.4 3340.4 3392.9 3393.5 3530.0 3560.7 3602.1 3612.9 3720.5

4 6 8 2 4 4 6 2 4 6 8 4 6 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 4 4

4 6 6 4 6 6 8 4 6 8 10 6 8 4 6 6 4 6 8 6 8 6 6

4.2E+00 4.2E+00 2.8E+00 4.4E+00 5.3E+00 4.3E+00 4.7E+00 4.6E+00 5.0E+00 5.7E+00 6.6E+00 3.4E+00 4.8E+00 3.5E+00 3.5E+00 1.5E+00 1.9E+00 1.9E+00 1.8E+00 1.7E+00 1.7E+00 1.2E+00 1.7E+00

7.5E-01 7.7E-01 8.6E-01 1.0E+00

9 9 3 9 7 3 3 5 7 7 5 5 9 3 5 7 7 9 5 3 9 5 5 5 3 5 5 7

9 11 5 7 5 5 3 7 9 9 5 3 9 3 5 5 7 7 3 3 11 7 5 3 3 5 3 7

1.4E+00 4.1E-01 2.3E-01 6.7E-01 2.9E-01 4.5E-01 2.7E-01 5.6E-01 2.2E-01 4.5E-01 2.1E-01 3.8E-01 5.3E-01 4.8E-01 4.3E-01 6.4E-01 2.6E-01 6.5E-01 1.9E-01 1.8E-01 2.1E-01 7.5E-01 7.8E-01 7.5E-01 8.7E-01 6.8E-01 6.8E-01 3.7E-01

Chromium Cr I 1999.95 2383.30 2389.21 2408.60 2408.72 2492.57 2495.08 2496.30 2502.55 2504.31 2508.11 2508.97 2527.11 2549.55 2560.70 2571.74 2577.66 2591.84 2620.48 2673.64 2701.99 2726.50 2731.90 2736.46 2752.85 2757.09 2761.74 2764.36

Weights

λ –1

Å 2769.90 2780.70 2879.27 2887.00 2889.22 2893.25 2894.17 2896.76 2905.48 2909.05 2910.89 2911.15 2967.64 2971.10 2975.48 2980.78 2988.64 2991.88 2994.06 2995.09 2996.57 2998.78 3000.88 3005.06 3013.72 3015.20 3020.67 3021.58 3024.36 3029.17 3030.25 3031.35 3034.19 3037.05 3040.84 3053.87 3148.44 3155.16 3163.76 3237.73 3238.09 3578.68 3593.48 3605.32 3639.80 3743.89 3757.66 3768.24 3804.80 3963.69 3969.75 3983.90 3991.12 4001.44 4039.10 4048.78 4058.78 4065.71 4165.52 4204.48

gi

7 9 5 3 9 7 1 5 3 5 7 9 7 5 3 1 5 3 5 5 5 5 7 9 3 1 3 9 5 5 7 5 7 9 7 9 9 11 13 9 11 7 7 7 13 13 7 5 9 13 11 7 5 9 15 13 11 9 11 13

5 7 7 5 9 7 3 5 1 3 5 7 9 7 5 3 7 1 5 5 3 3 5 7 5 3 3 11 5 3 7 3 7 9 5 7 11 13 15 9 11 9 7 5 11 13 7 5 9 15 13 9 7 11 15 13 11 11 13 11

gk

A 108 s–1 1.1E+00 1.4E+00 2.1E-01 2.7E-01 6.6E-01 5.2E-01 3.3E-01 3.0E-01 1.3E+00 6.8E-01 3.4E-01 2.6E-01 3.9E-01 7.1E-01 8.9E-01 5.10E-01 5.2E-01 3.0E+00 2.5E-01 4.3E-01 2.0E+00 4.07E-01 1.6E+00 9.2E-01 8.3E-01 1.63E+00 1.5E+00 2.91E+00 1.27E+00 3.8E-01 1.1E+00 3.1E-01 3.5E-01 5.4E-01 7.4E-01 7.97E-01 5.6E-01 5.7E-01 6.0E-01 1.3E+00 2.0E-01 1.48E+00 1.50E+00 1.62E+00 1.8E+00 7.61E-01 4.13E-01 5.10E-01 6.9E-01 1.3E+00 1.2E+00 1.05E+00 1.07E+00 6.8E-01 6.7E-01 6.4E-01 6.7E-01 3.5E-01 7.5E-01 3.1E-01

5/4/05 8:07:28 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 4254.33 4263.15 4274.81 4275.98 4280.42 4289.73 4291.97 4297.75 4298.05 4300.52 4301.19 4302.78 4319.66 4337.25 4373.65 4376.80 4413.86 4422.70 4424.29 4429.93 4432.16 4432.77 4443.72 4482.88 4490.55 4492.31 4495.28 4500.29 4506.84 4540.72 4564.17 4595.60 4622.47 4663.33 4665.90 4689.38 4698.46 4708.02 4718.43 4730.69 4737.33 4741.09 4752.07 4756.09 4792.49 4801.02 4816.13 4870.79 4887.01 4922.28 4966.80 5204.51 5206.02 5208.42 5243.38 5297.37 5297.99 5328.36 5329.17 5783.11

Section 10.indb 105

gi

7 15 7 11 13 7 7 11 9 9 11 11 5 5 9 13 7 5 9 3 1 15 3 3 9 5 9 7 13 11 11 13 7 3 3 7 9 11 13 7 9 3 13 11 7 9 9 7 9 11 3 5 5 5 5 7 7 9 9 3

Weights

A

gk

10 s

9 17 7 11 15 5 5 13 9 7 9 11 3 7 9 13 5 5 7 3 3 15 1 3 7 3 7 7 11 11 13 13 7 3 3 5 7 9 11 5 7 5 13 9 5 7 9 9 11 13 1 3 5 7 3 9 7 11 9 3

8

10-105 λ

–1

3.15E-01 6.4E-01 3.07E-01 2.2E-01 4.7E-01 3.16E-01 2.4E-01 4.9E-01 2.6E-01 1.9E-01 2.6E-01 2.5E-01 1.8E-01 2.0E-01 2.8E-01 3.2E-01 2.7E-01 2.7E-01 2.1E-01 2.4E-01 1.8E-01 4.9E-01 4.5E-01 3.0E-01 3.9E-01 4.47E-01 2.0E-01 2.1E-01 2.7E-01 3.14E-01 5.1E-01 4.7E-01 4.1E-01 2.0E-01 3.0E-01 2.3E-01 2.2E-01 4.31E-01 3.4E-01 3.83E-01 3.38E-01 2.2E-01 6.2E-01 4.0E-01 2.6E-01 3.06E-01 1.8E-01 3.5E-01 3.2E-01 4.0E-01 3.0E-01 5.09E-01 5.14E-01 5.06E-01 2.19E-01 3.88E-01 3.0E-01 6.2E-01 2.25E-01 2.1E-01

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 7

8

Weights

λ –1

5783.89 5787.97

5 5

2.02E-01 2.35E-01

Cr II 2653.57 2658.59 2666.02 2668.71 2671.80 2672.83 2744.97 2787.61 2822.38 2835.63 2840.01 2843.24 2849.83 2851.35 2856.77 2857.40 2860.92 2862.57 2866.72 2867.09 2867.65 2870.43 2873.81 2880.86 2898.53 2921.81 2930.83 2935.12 2953.34 2966.03 2971.90 2979.73 2985.32 2989.18 3118.64 3120.36 3122.59 3128.69 3136.68 4588.22

4 2 6 4 6 8 4 6 14 10 10 8 6 8 4 6 2 8 4 4 2 6 4 6 10 8 2 6 2 10 14 12 10 8 2 4 12 4 6 8

6 4 8 2 4 6 6 6 16 12 12 10 8 10 6 8 4 8 4 4 2 6 2 4 12 10 4 8 2 8 14 12 10 8 4 6 12 4 6 6

3.5E-01 5.8E-01 5.9E-01 1.4E+00 1.0E+00 5.5E-01 8.5E-01 1.5E+00 2.3E+00 2.0E+00 2.7E+00 6.4E-01 9.2E-01 2.2E+00 4.3E-01 2.8E-01 6.9E-01 6.3E-01 1.2E+00 1.1E+00 1.1E+00 1.3E+00 8.8E-01 7.9E-01 1.2E+00 9.0E-01 1.1E+00 1.8E+00 1.8E+00 5.4E-01 2.0E+00 1.8E+00 2.2E+00 2.2E+00 1.7E+00 1.5E+00 4.4E-01 8.1E-01 6.4E-01 1.2E-01

Cr V 434.306 436.351 436.601 437.420 437.655 441.056 456.357 456.637 456.743 457.028 457.504 464.015 469.634 1106.25 1121.07

9 9 7 7 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 9 5 7 7

9 7 5 7 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 7 5 9 9

1.5E+01 2.4E+01 2.1E+01 1.4E+01 1.3E+01 2.3E+01 9.5E+00 3.3E+01 9.1E+00 2.7E+01 1.2E+01 3.6E+01 2.3E+01 1.2E+01 2.1E+01

Å

gi

11 3 1 7 9

gk

A 108 s–1

1127.63 1465.86 1481.65 1519.03 1579.70

9 5 3 5 7

3.5E+01 1.1E+01 1.0E+01 9.5E+00 8.6E+00

Cr VI 161.687 168.088 201.007 201.224 201.388 201.606 202.442 202.739 226.241 227.202

6 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 6 4

6 6 4 6 4 6 4 2 8 6

1.7E+02 2.0E+02 2.5E+03 1.8E+02 2.7E+02 2.6E+03 1.0E+03 1.2E+03 7.2E+02 6.6E+02

Cr X 216.72 223.86 224.74 226.24 227.42 227.50 228.63 228.71 231.21 232.96 242.20 244.19 395.984 398.150

6 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 2 4 2 4 4 6

8 2 4 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 6 4 6

9.0E+02 7.7E+02 7.6E+02 7.3E+02 5.2E+02 1.8E+01 8.1E+01 4.5E+02 1.2E+02 4.4E+02 5.0E+01 5.8E+01 2.4E+01 2.1E+01

Cr XI 214.31 226.45 232 235.53 240.76 250.28 366.491 366.942 374.927 422.083

5 5 3 5 1 5 3 3 5 3

7 7 1 7 3 7 3 1 5 5

1.4E+01 6.0E+02 4.1E+02 5.5E+02 4.8E+02 1.0E+01 1.2E+01 3.0E+01 2.3E+01 1.0E+01

Cr XII 216 218 239 244.70 247 247 248 250 250 251.52 252 256 259 269 300.32

4 6 2 2 4 2 6 6 6 4 4 2 2 2 2

6 8 2 4 2 2 8 8 6 6 6 2 4 2 2

2.4E+02 2.4E+02 1.6E+02 3.0E+02 2.4E+02 3.3E+02 1.4E+02 3.5E+02 2.2E+02 3.4E+02 2.0E+02 1.5E+02 3.2E+02 2.1E+02 1.4E+02

5/4/05 8:07:30 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-106 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

305.81 309 309 311.55 324 327 332.06

4 4 6 4 4 6 6

Cr XIII 49.59 67.01 228 267.73 270 276.4 277 279.32 286 328.29 345

1 1 5 5 3 5 1 3 3 1 7

3 3 7 7 1 7 3 5 1 3 9

9.9E+02 1.67E+03 1.8E+02 1.9E+02 1.7E+02 2.2E+02 2.1E+02 3.5E+02 4.6E+02 1.86E+02 1.74E+02

Cr XIV *38.036 39.796 40.018 40.782 40.800 41.556 41.788 44.597 44.869 46.125 46.468 46.527 48.300 48.338 50.821 51.172 51.180 52.321 52.363 53.760 54.164 60.699 60.756 63.324 63.539 68.594 69.213 69.247 86.060 86.169 86.185 101.05 101.42 104.4 104.5 109.8 110.4 118.3 125.2

2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 6 2 4 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 6 2 4 4 4

6 4 6 4 2 4 6 4 6 2 4 2 6 8 4 6 4 6 8 2 2 6 8 4 2 4 6 4 6 8 6 4 2 6 8 4 6 2 6

2.47E+02 3.05E+02 3.6E+02 3.9E+02 3.9E+02 4.5E+02 5.3E+02 7.1E+02 8.3E+02 3.1E+02 6.6E+02 6.7E+02 5.9E+02 6.3E+02 1.2E+03 1.4E+03 2.3E+02 1.0E+03 1.1E+03 3.0E+02 5.9E+02 2.05E+03 2.19E+03 1.07E+03 1.13E+03 1.98E+03 2.31E+03 3.8E+02 5.3E+03 5.9E+03 3.9E+02 4.4E+02 4.83E+02 3.0E+02 3.1E+02 2.3E+02 2.8E+02 2.1E+02 5.0E+02

Section 10.indb 106

4 2 6 2 6 8 4

8

2.76E+02 2.7E+02 1.6E+02 1.6E+02 2.2E+02 2.2E+02 1.4E+02

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 4 2 4 6 6 8 2 2 2 6 8

8

Weights

λ –1

125.3 148.5 149.1 157.1 158.4 187.02 187.30 189.1 191.0 222.9 346.3 346.5

6 2 2 2 4 4 6 2 4 4 4 6

5.4E+02 2.18E+02 2.1E+02 3.3E+02 3.7E+02 9.3E+02 9.6E+02 2.13E+02 4.11E+02 2.2E+02 2.4E+02 2.5E+02

Cr XV 18.497 18.782 19.015 20.863 21.153 102 102.18 103 105 111.27

1 1 1 1 1 3 5 3 7 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 5 3

1.62E+05 2.8E+04 6.3E+02 6.0E+03 5.6E+03 1.6E+02 7.0E+02 3.8E+02 5.3E+02 1.7E+02

Cr XVI 17.073 17.242 17.299 17.372 17.438 17.514 17.587 17.656 19.442 19.714

4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 2

6 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2

1.2E+04 8.6E+04 2.5E+04 1.4E+05 1.1E+05 1.1E+05 2.0E+04 2.0E+04 9.9E+03 1.1E+04

Cr XVII 16.31 16.32 16.37 16.44 16.59 16.65 16.66 16.68 16.80 16.97 16.97 17.968 18.336 18.336 18.389

5 5 3 5 3 5 1 5 5 1 3 5 5 5 1

3 7 1 7 1 5 3 7 7 3 3 3 3 5 3

9.6E+03 3.2E+04 9.7E+04 1.3E+05 5.7E+04 1.1E+04 1.8E+05 6.8E+04 4.4E+04 2.63E+04 1.5E+04 8.6E+03 1.7E+04 1.6E+04 9.2E+03

Cr XVIII 95.77 102.32 104.98 106.84 110.41 112.27 119.62

4 4 6 4 4 4 2

2 4 4 2 2 2 2

3.08E+02 1.54E+02 8.7E+02 3.4E+02 7.9E+02 4.24E+02 3.2E+02

Å

gi

4 4 6 2 4 2 2 4

gk

A 108 s–1

123.87 125.51 128.10 136.52 139.87 140.82 155.46 157.40

6 4 6 4 4 4 2 4

3.9E+02 3.4E+02 2.8E+02 1.66E+02 1.49E+02 2.66E+02 2.84E+02 2.83E+02

Cr XIX 14.73 14.80 14.81 14.84 109.64 110.37 113.97 118.31 118.67 118.83 126.30 126.33 130.99 134.89 138.15 138.45 140.92 143.57 163.94 179.18

3 1 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 3 1 5 7 3 3 5 5 3 5 3

3 3 3 7 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 1 5 3 1 5 1

7.1E+04 1.3E+05 3.4E+04 1.3E+05 2.46E+02 6.0E+02 5.5E+02 3.29E+02 2.1E+02 1.35E+02 1.56E+02 4.35E+02 2.9E+02 1.98E+02 1.75E+02 1.71E+02 1.38E+02 7.2E+02 3.1E+02 1.45E+02

Cr XX 14.13 14.26 128.42 131.31 133.82 135.26 140.75 148.99 156.00 167.97 180.85

2 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 6 4

4 6 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 6 4

1.1E+05 1.3E+05 3.8E+02 1.27E+02 8.3E+01 2.41E+02 1.35E+02 1.75E+02 8.4E+01 1.12E+02 1.6E+02

Cr XXI 12.97 12.98 13.02 13.02 13.08 13.22 13.34 13.49 13.53 13.55 13.65 13.66 13.67 13.68 13.75 13.75

3 5 3 5 1 3 3 1 3 3 5 3 5 3 5 5

1 5 5 7 3 1 5 3 3 5 7 1 5 3 3 5

4.8E+04 3.9E+04 3.8E+04 3.9E+04 5.2E+04 4.6E+04 5.2E+04 9.0E+04 6.6E+04 1.2E+05 1.5E+05 1.2E+05 3.9E+04 8.2E+04 4.5E+04 9.5E+04

5/4/05 8:07:33 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 7 7 5 5 7 5 5 3

8

λ –1

13.76 13.78 13.84 13.87 13.92 13.93 13.95 14.04 14.24

1 5 5 3 3 5 5 3 1

Cr XXII 2.190 2.191 2.198 2.199 2.202 2.203 13.149 13.292

4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4

2 2 4 4 6 2 4 6

1.7E+06 2.5E+06 4.5E+06 2.3E+06 1.6E+06 1.3E+06 1.29E+05 1.54E+05

Cr XXIII 1.7632 1.8557 2.095 2.101 2.101 2.102 2.103 2.104 2.105 2.106 2.107 2.107 2.109 2.113 2.119 2.129 2.1818 2.1923

1 1 3 1 5 3 3 1 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 1 1

3 3 1 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 5 1 1 3 3

3.68E+05 8.97E+05 3.5E+06 2.0E+06 7.9E+05 2.1E+06 1.2E+06 1.4E+06 9.6E+05 2.0E+06 2.3E+06 3.3E+06 1.7E+06 5.9E+05 2.7E+05 5.1E+05 3.37E+06 2.34E+05

1.51E+05 1.7E+05 2.59E+05 8.5E+04 8.5E+04 4.2E+04 3.8E+04 1.2E+05 1.41E+05

8 10 10 8 6 6 4 8 6 4 10 6 10 6 8 10 4 6 4

8 8 10 8 8 6 4 10 8 6 10 8 8 6 6 12 6 8 6

8.6E-01 2.2E-01 5.6E-01 5.0E-01 1.1E-01 5.1E-01 7.7E-01 1.5E-01 1.3E-01 1.4E-01 1.3E-01 7.3E-02 2.4E-01 4.0E-01 5.1E-01 3.6E+00 6.5E-01 3.4E+00 3.6E+00

Cobalt Co I 2287.80 2295.22 2309.03 2323.13 2325.53 2335.98 2338.66 2353.36 2355.48 2358.18 2365.06 2371.85 2384.86 2392.03 2402.06 2407.25 2412.76 2414.46 2415.29

Section 10.indb 107

10-107

Å 2424.93 2432.21 2436.66 2439.04 2460.80 2467.69 2470.27 2476.64 2504.52 2511.02 2521.36 2528.97 2530.13 2535.96 2536.50 2544.25 2562.12 2567.34 2574.35 2685.34 3017.55 3044.00 3048.89 3061.82 3072.34 3086.78 3354.37 3367.11 3385.22 3388.16 3395.37 3405.12 3409.17 3412.34 3412.63 3414.74 3417.15 3431.58 3433.05 3442.92 3443.64 3449.17 3449.44 3453.51 3455.24 3462.80 3465.79 3474.02 3483.41 3489.40 3491.32 3495.68 3502.28 3502.63 3506.32 3509.84 3512.64 3513.48 3518.34 3521.58

gi

10 8 6 4 4 6 10 10 10 10 10 8 6 6 8 4 4 6 8 6 8 10 6 8 6 4 8 10 8 6 6 10 8 8 10 4 6 8 4 6 8 6 10 10 4 4 10 6 8 8 4 4 10 6 8 6 6 8 6 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

10 8 6 4 6 8 12 8 8 10 8 6 6 4 8 2 4 6 8 8 6 10 4 8 6 4 6 8 6 4 8 10 8 10 8 4 6 6 4 4 8 6 10 12 2 6 12 8 10 6 4 6 8 6 6 8 4 10 4 8

8

Weights

λ –1

3.2E+00 2.6E+00 2.6E+00 2.7E+00 1.2E-01 7.0E-02 1.5E-01 2.2E-01 1.8E-01 9.2E-01 3.0E+00 2.8E+00 7.1E-02 1.9E+00 3.0E-01 3.0E+00 3.9E-01 3.0E-01 1.7E-01 5.5E-02 6.9E-02 1.9E-01 7.5E-02 1.6E-01 1.5E-01 1.9E-01 1.1E-01 6.0E-02 1.1E-01 2.4E-01 2.9E-01 1.0E+00 4.2E-01 6.1E-01 1.2E-01 8.8E-02 3.2E-01 1.1E-01 1.0E+00 1.2E-01 6.9E-01 7.6E-01 1.8E-01 1.1E+00 1.9E-01 7.9E-01 9.2E-02 5.6E-01 5.5E-02 1.3E+00 5.0E-02 4.9E-01 8.0E-01 5.2E-02 8.2E-01 3.2E-01 1.0E+00 7.8E-02 1.6E+00 1.8E-01

Å

gi

3523.42 3526.85 3529.03 3529.82 3533.36 3560.89 3564.95 3569.37 3574.97 3575.36 3585.15 3587.19 3594.87 3602.08 3704.06 3745.49 3842.05 3845.47 3861.16 3873.12 3873.95 3881.87 3894.07 3894.98 3935.96 3995.31 3997.90 4092.39 4110.53 4118.77 4121.32 5146.75 5212.70 5265.79 5280.63 5352.05 5477.09 5483.96 6082.43 6455.00 7838.12 8093.93 8372.79

4 10 6 8 4 4 6 8 6 8 8 6 6 4 6 8 8 8 6 10 8 6 6 4 8 8 6 8 6 6 8 8 10 6 10 12 6 8 10 8 8 12 10

2 10 8 10 6 4 8 8 6 8 8 6 6 4 8 8 6 10 4 8 6 4 8 2 10 10 8 8 6 8 10 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 10

Co II 2286.15 2307.85 2311.61 2314.05 2314.97 2330.36 2344.28 2353.41 2363.80 2378.62 2383.45 2388.92 2389.54 2404.17 2417.66

11 9 7 5 3 5 3 7 9 11 9 11 5 3 9

13 11 9 7 5 3 3 7 9 9 7 11 3 3 9

gk

A 108 s–1 9.8E-01 1.3E-01 8.8E-02 4.6E-01 9.1E-02 2.3E-01 7.0E-02 1.6E+00 1.5E-01 9.6E-02 7.1E-02 1.4E+00 9.2E-02 1.0E-01 1.2E-01 7.5E-02 1.3E-01 4.6E-01 1.4E-01 1.2E-01 1.0E-01 8.2E-02 6.9E-01 8.8E-02 6.2E-02 2.5E-01 7.0E-02 5.7E-02 5.5E-02 1.6E-01 1.9E-01 1.5E-01 1.9E-01 5.0E-02 2.8E-01 2.7E-01 6.8E-02 7.3E-02 5.4E-02 9.0E-02 5.4E-02 2.0E-01 8.7E-02 3.3E+00 2.6E+00 2.8E+00 2.8E+00 2.7E+00 1.32E+00 1.5E+00 1.9E+00 2.1E+00 1.9E+00 1.8E+00 2.8E+00 1.5E+00 1.5E+00 8.5E-01

5/4/05 8:07:35 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-108 λ Å

Weights

A

gk

10 s

gi

8

λ –1

Copper Cu I *2024.3 2165.1 2178.9 2181.7 2225.7 2244.3 2441.6 2492.2 2618.4 2766.4 2824.4 2961.2 3063.4 3194.1 3247.5 3274.0 3337.8 4022.6 4062.6 4249.0 4275.1 4480.4 4509.4 4530.8 4539.7 4587.0 4651.1 4704.6 5105.5 5153.2 5218.2 5220.1 5292.5 5700.2 5782.1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 4 6 6 4 4 2 2 6 2 4 2 6 2 4 4 6 8 10 8 6 2 4 4 8 4 4

6 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 4 6 8 4 4 4 2 8 4 6 2 8 2 2 2 4 6 8 8 4 4 6 4 8 4 2

9.8E-02 5.1E-01 9.13E-01 1.0E+00 4.6E-01 1.19E-02 2.0E-02 3.11E-02 3.07E-01 9.6E-02 7.8E-02 3.76E-02 1.55E-02 1.55E-02 1.39E+00 1.37E+00 3.8E-03 1.90E-01 2.10E-01 1.95E-01 3.45E-01 3.0E-02 2.75E-01 8.4E-02 2.12E-01 3.20E-01 3.80E-01 5.5E-02 2.0E-02 6.0E-01 7.5E-01 1.50E-01 1.09E-01 2.4E-03 1.65E-02

Cu II 2489.7 2544.8 2689.3 2701.0 2703.2 2713.5

5 9 7 5 3 5

5 7 7 5 3 5

1.5E-02 1.1E+00 4.1E-01 6.7E-01 1.2E+00 6.8E-01

17 17 15 15 15 15 17 17 17 17 13 17

15 17 17 13 13 13 19 17 19 15 11 17

6.5E-02 6.5E-02 1.1E-01 1.4E-01 3.1E-01 2.0E-01 3.0E+00 3.1E+00 8.7E-01 1.5E+00 1.7E+00 1.32E+00

Dysprosium Dy I 2862.7 2964.6 3147.7 3263.2 3511.0 3571.4 3757.1 3868.8 3967.5 4046.0 4103.9 4186.8

Section 10.indb 108

Å 4194.8 4211.7 4218.1 4221.1 4225.2 4268.3 4276.7 4292.0 4577.8 4589.4 4612.3 5077.7 5301.6 5547.3 5639.5 5974.5 5988.6 6010.8 6088.3 6168.4 6259.1 6579.4

gi

17 17 15 15 13 15 13 15 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 15 15 15 17 17

Weights

A

gk

10 s

17 19 15 17 15 15 13 15 19 15 15 17 15 17 19 17 15 15 13 17 19 15

8

7.2E-01 2.08E+00 1.85E+00 1.52E+00 4.5E+00 3.6E-02 7.3E-01 5.8E-02 2.2E-02 1.3E-01 8.2E-02 5.7E-03 1.1E-02 2.7E-03 4.7E-03 4.0E-03 5.3E-03 2.6E-02 3.5E-02 2.5E-02 8.5E-03 7.5E-03

Erbium Er I 3862.9 4008.0 4151.1

Å 3212.8 3213.8 3235.1 3241.4 3246.0 3247.6 3322.3 3334.3 3350.4 3353.7 3457.1 3467.9 3589.3 4594.0 4627.2 4661.9 5645.8 5765.2 6018.2 6291.3 6864.5 7106.5

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

gi

8 6 10 8 6 8 6 6 10 8 8 8 6 10 8 6 6 8 10 6 10 8

gk

A 108 s–1 2.9E-01 1.8E-01 1.0E-02 2.3E-02 1.4E-02 2.3E-02 3.5E-02 3.4E-01 1.5E-02 5.8E-03 8.4E-03 1.0E-02 6.9E-03 1.4E+00 1.3E+00 1.3E+00 5.4E-03 1.1E-02 8.5E-03 1.8E-03 5.8E-03 2.6E-03

Fluorine 13 13 13

13 15 11

2.5E+00 2.6E+00 1.8E+00

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

6 8 10 10 8 10 6 10 8 8 6 10 10 6 6 8 6 10 8 6 10 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 8

1.9E-01 2.0E-01 2.0E-01 7.0E-03 6.6E-03 1.2E-02 1.2E-02 1.4E-01 1.2E-01 3.1E-02 3.7E-02 4.7E-02 1.3E-02 1.1E-01 5.0E-02 5.2E-02 1.0E-02 2.8E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E-01 6.9E-02 1.6E-02 3.8E-02 9.1E-03 5.5E-02 3.0E-01 6.9E-02 5.8E-03 1.1E-01

Europium Eu I 2372.9 2375.3 2379.7 2619.3 2643.8 2659.4 2682.6 2710.0 2724.0 2731.4 2732.6 2735.3 2738.6 2743.3 2745.6 2747.8 2772.9 2878.9 2892.5 2893.0 2909.0 2958.9 3059.0 3067.0 3106.2 3111.4 3168.3 3185.5 3210.6

Weights

λ –1

FI 806.96 809.60 951.87 954.83 955.55 958.52 6239.7 6348.5 6413.7 6708.3 6774.0 6795.5 6834.3 6856.0 6870.2 6902.5 6909.8 6966.4 7037.5 7127.9 7309.0 7311.0 7314.3 7332.0 7398.7 7425.7 7482.7 7489.2 7514.9 7552.2 7573.4 7607.2 7754.7 7800.2

4 2 4 4 2 2 6 4 2 6 6 4 4 6 2 4 2 4 4 2 6 4 4 6 6 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 2

6 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 6 2 4 8 2 6 4 2 4 2 8 2 6 4 6 2 4 2 2 6 4 4 6 4

3.3E+00 2.8E+00 2.6E+00 5.77E+00 5.1E+00 1.3E+00 2.5E-01 1.8E-01 1.1E-01 1.4E-02 1.0E-01 5.2E-02 2.1E-01 4.94E-01 3.8E-01 3.2E-01 2.2E-01 1.1E-01 3.0E-01 3.8E-01 4.7E-01 3.9E-01 4.8E-01 3.1E-01 2.85E-01 3.4E-01 5.6E-02 1.1E-01 5.2E-02 7.8E-02 1.0E-01 7.0E-02 3.82E-01 2.1E-01

5/4/05 8:07:37 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

Weights

A

gk

10 s

gi

8

λ –1

Gallium Ga I 2195.4 2199.7 2214.4 2235.9 2255.0 2259.2 2294.2 2297.9 2338.2 2371.3 2418.7 2450.1 2500.2 2659.9 2719.7 2874.2 2943.6 2944.2 4033.0 4172.0

2 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4

2 2 6 2 2 6 4 2 6 2 2 4 6 2 2 4 6 4 2 2

1.9E-02 3.3E-02 1.2E-02 4.3E-02 3.1E-02 3.1E-02 7.0E-02 5.8E-02 9.8E-02 5.7E-02 1.0E-01 2.8E-01 3.4E-01 1.2E-01 2.3E-01 1.2E+00 1.4E+00 2.7E-01 4.9E-01 9.2E-01

Ga II 829.60 1414.4

1 1

3 3

2.2E-01 1.88E+01

Germanium Ge I 1944.7 1955.1 1988.3 1998.9 2041.7 2065.2 2068.7 2086.0 2094.3 2105.8 2256.0 2417.4 2498.0 2533.2 2589.2 2592.5 2651.2 2651.6 2691.3 2709.6 2754.6 3039.1 3124.8 3269.5 4226.6 4685.8

3 3 5 5 1 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 1 3 5 3 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 1 1

1 3 3 5 3 3 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 3 3 5 3 3 3

7.0E-01 2.8E-01 2.5E-01 5.5E-01 1.1E+00 8.5E-01 1.2E+00 4.0E-01 9.7E-01 1.7E-01 3.2E-02 9.6E-01 1.3E-01 1.0E-01 5.1E-02 7.1E-01 2.0E+00 8.5E-01 6.1E-01 2.8E+00 1.1E+00 2.8E+00 3.1E-02 2.9E-01 2.1E-01 9.5E-02

Ge II 999.10 1016.6 1017.1 1055.0

2 4 4 2

4 6 4 2

1.9E+00 2.1E+00 3.5E-01 6.9E-01

Section 10.indb 109

10-109

Å 1075.1 1237.1 1261.9 1264.7 1602.5 1649.2 4741.8 4814.6 4824.1 5131.8 5178.5 5178.6 5893.4 6021.0 6336.4 6484.2

4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 6 6 2 2 2 4

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 4 6 4 2 2 4 6 4 6 6 8 4 2 2 2

8

1.3E+00 1.9E+01 2.2E+01 3.5E+00 3.4E+00 6.5E+00 4.6E-01 5.1E-01 8.6E-02 1.9E+00 1.3E-01 2.0E+00 9.2E-01 8.4E-01 4.4E-01 8.5E-01

Gold Au I 2427.95 2675.95 3122.78 6278.30

2 2 6 4

4 2 4 2

1.99E+00 1.64E+00 1.90E-01 3.4E-02

1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 3 9 3 3 3 3 1 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 15 3 15 3 15 3 15 15 5 3 5 9 5 1 3 5

4.622E-01 7.317E-01 1.258E+00 2.436E+00 5.663E+00 1.799E+01 4.417E-03 6.023E-03 8.500E-03 1.251E-02 1.939E-02 3.201E-02 5.636E-02 5.102E-03 6.963E-03 9.843E-03 1.454E-02 2.269E-02 7.597E-03 4.836E-03 1.811E-02 3.802E-02 2.606E-02 9.744E-03 3.953E-02 6.435E-02 9.647E-03 2.447E-02 1.339E-02 9.475E-02 1.937E-02 7.448E-03 6.951E-02 2.961E-02

Helium He I 510.00 512.10 515.62 522.21 537.03 584.33 *2677.1 *2696.1 *2723.2 *2763.8 *2829.1 *2945.1 *3187.7 3231.3 3258.3 3296.8 3354.6 3447.6 *3554.4 *3563.0 *3587.3 3613.6 *3634.2 *3652.0 *3705.0 *3819.6 3833.6 *3867.5 3871.8 *3888.7 3926.5 3935.9 3964.7 4009.3

Weights

λ –1

Å 4024.0 *4026.2 *4120.8 4143.8 4169.0 4387.9 4437.6 *4471.5 *4713.2 4921.9 5015.7 5047.7 *5875.7 6678.2 *7065.2 7281.4 *8361.7 *9463.6 9603.4 *9702.6 *10311 *10668 *10830 *10913 10917 *10997 11013 11045 11226 *11969 *12528 12756 *12785 12791 *12846 12968 *12985

gi

gk

A 108 s–1

3 9 9 3 3 3 3 9 9 3 1 3 9 3 9 3 3 3 1 9 9 9 3 15 5 15 1 3 3 9 3 5 15 5 9 3 15

1 15 3 5 1 5 1 15 3 5 3 1 15 5 3 1 9 9 3 3 15 3 9 21 7 9 3 5 1 15 9 3 21 7 3 5 9

1.128E-02 1.160E-01 4.453E-02 4.881E-02 1.830E-02 8.989E-02 3.269E-02 2.458E-01 9.521E-02 1.986E-01 1.337E-01 6.771E-02 7.070E-01 6.371E-01 2.785E-01 1.830E-01 3.813E-03 5.687E-03 5.829E-03 8.651E-03 1.995E-02 1.447E-02 1.022E-01 1.980E-02 1.608E-02 1.425E-03 9.250E-03 1.846E-02 1.117E-02 3.478E-02 7.093E-03 1.275E-03 4.134E-02 3.248E-02 2.732E-02 3.362E-02 2.729E-03

In I 2560.2 2710.3 3039.4 3256.1 4101.8 4511.3

2 4 2 4 2 4

4 6 4 6 2 2

4.0E-01 4.0E-01 1.3E+00 1.3E+00 5.6E-01 1.02E+00

In II 2941.1

3

1

1.4E+00

4 4

4 6

2.71E+00 1.6E-01

10 10 10 10

10 12 10 10

2.1E-01 3.2E-01 4.7E-01 2.5E-01

Indium

Iodine II 1782.8 1830.4 Iridium Ir I 2475.12 2502.98 2639.71 2661.98

5/4/05 8:07:39 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-110 λ Å 2664.79 2694.23 2849.72 2853.31 2882.64 2924.79 2934.64 2951.22 3003.63 3168.88 3220.78 3558.99 3573.72 3617.21 3628.67 3661.71 3734.77 4033.76 4069.92 4913.35 4939.24

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

10 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 8 10 6 8 6 8 8 8 8 6 12 10

8 12 10 10 8 12 10 8 10 10 8 8 10 8 8 10 8 10 8 12 12

9 9 7 9 7 5 3 9 5 3 1 5 3 1 3 9 7 9 7 5 7 3 7 9 5 5 1 3 3 5 7 7 5 11 13 11

7 7 5 9 7 5 5 7 7 5 3 5 3 3 5 11 9 7 5 3 9 1 7 9 5 7 3 5 5 7 9 7 7 9 13 11

8

λ –1

4.0E-01 4.8E-01 2.2E-01 2.0E-03 7.2E-02 1.42E-01 2.0E-01 2.8E-02 5.9E-02 5.47E-02 2.4E-01 1.5E-02 5.4E-02 2.0E-02 2.8E-02 4.0E-02 2.7E-02 2.7E-02 3.6E-02 3.3E-02 2.5E-03

Iron Fe I 1934.54 1937.27 1940.66 2132.02 2145.19 2153.01 2161.58 2166.77 2171.30 2173.21 2176.84 2191.84 2196.04 2200.39 2200.72 2259.51 2272.07 2276.03 2284.09 2287.25 2292.52 2294.41 2297.79 2298.17 2299.22 2300.14 2301.68 2303.58 2309.00 2313.10 2320.36 2373.62 2389.97 2438.18 2439.74 2442.57

Section 10.indb 110

2.5E-01 2.2E-01 2.6E-01 7.6E-02 5.7E-02 6.9E-02 5.0E-02 2.7E+00 5.1E-02 8.3E-02 1.0E-01 1.2E+00 1.2E+00 8.9E-01 2.8E-01 5.66E-02 2.92E-02 1.25E-01 1.29E-01 2.23E-01 2.96E-02 3.61E-01 1.44E-01 3.09E-01 7.03E-02 4.99E-02 8.68E-02 4.83E-02 1.02E-01 1.18E-01 1.41E-01 6.53E-02 4.47E-02 7.09E-02 3.46E+00 3.12E+00

Å 2443.87 2453.48 2453.57 2457.60 2462.18 2462.65 2463.73 2465.15 2468.88 2470.97 2472.34 2472.87 2472.89 2473.16 2474.81 2476.66 2479.48 2479.78 2483.27 2483.53 2484.19 2485.99 2486.69 2487.07 2488.14 2489.75 2489.91 2490.64 2491.16 2491.99 2494.00 2496.53 2501.13 2501.69 2505.01 2506.57 2507.90 2510.83 2517.66 2518.10 2519.63 2522.85 2524.29 2527.27 2527.44 2529.14 2529.31 2529.84 2533.14 2535.61 2537.17 2537.46 2540.97 2542.10 2543.92 2545.98 2549.61 2576.69 2584.54 2599.57

gi

11 9 11 11 7 9 7 9 11 9 11 5 7 9 7 5 5 5 9 5 3 9 7 3 7 1 3 5 3 9 3 9 9 11 9 7 7 7 5 5 3 9 3 13 7 5 5 3 11 1 13 9 3 11 9 5 7 11 11 9

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 7 13 11 5 9 5 9 11 11 13 3 7 9 7 3 5 5 11 5 3 9 9 3 9 3 5 7 5 9 5 11 7 9 11 9 9 5 7 3 5 9 1 13 7 5 7 3 11 3 15 11 5 13 11 7 9 11 13 9

8

Weights

λ –1

5.89E-02 1.89E-01 1.23E-01 4.81E-01 1.10E-01 5.85E-01 1.64E-01 4.35E-01 2.40E-01 2.36E-02 7.21E-02 2.10E-01 1.30E+00 2.75E-02 6.13E-01 3.05E-01 2.10E-01 1.74E+00 4.80E+00 2.09E-01 2.26E+00 2.94E-02 1.47E-01 6.40E-01 4.20E+00 2.31E+00 8.72E-02 3.44E+00 2.91E+00 3.25E-01 8.89E-02 2.15E-01 6.75E-01 3.69E-02 2.56E-01 2.04E-01 1.93E-01 1.29E+00 1.58E-01 1.93E+00 1.34E-01 2.13E+00 3.23E+00 3.46E-01 1.93E+00 9.91E-01 4.86E+00 3.83E-01 2.07E-01 9.59E-01 3.70E+00 3.19E-02 9.59E-01 4.47E+00 4.70E+00 7.16E-01 2.31E-01 1.13E-01 3.15E-01 1.47E-01

Å 2606.83 2609.22 2618.02 2623.53 2632.24 2635.72 2635.81 2641.03 2641.64 2644.00 2656.15 2662.06 2666.81 2666.97 2669.49 2679.02 2679.06 2689.21 2689.83 2697.02 2699.11 2701.91 2702.45 2706.01 2706.58 2708.57 2710.54 2711.66 2716.26 2716.42 2718.44 2719.03 2719.06 2719.42 2720.90 2723.58 2724.95 2726.06 2728.02 2728.82 2731.28 2733.58 2735.48 2737.31 2737.64 2742.25 2742.41 2743.57 2744.07 2744.53 2750.14 2753.69 2754.03 2755.18 2756.33 2757.32 2761.78 2762.03 2767.52 2769.30

gi

9 7 7 7 5 11 5 9 9 3 13 7 11 9 11 9 11 9 7 7 9 9 13 13 7 9 5 9 9 11 5 9 7 11 7 5 7 3 9 9 5 11 9 3 13 7 5 7 1 5 7 3 5 11 3 3 5 7 9 13

11 7 7 9 5 9 7 7 7 5 15 5 9 11 13 11 11 7 9 9 9 7 11 13 5 9 7 11 9 9 3 7 7 11 5 3 9 1 9 9 7 9 7 3 11 5 5 7 3 3 7 1 5 9 5 3 5 7 9 13

gk

A 108 s–1 2.43E-01 4.60E-01 1.50E-01 2.13E-01 1.21E-01 4.29E-02 2.11E-01 7.71E-02 6.47E-02 2.34E-01 1.63E-01 4.64E-02 8.91E-02 5.16E-02 1.34E-01 1.10E-01 1.50E-01 1.68E-01 3.04E-02 3.51E-02 5.59E-02 1.05E-01 4.23E-02 2.28E-01 2.69E-01 6.49E-01 5.99E-02 4.99E-02 3.70E-02 4.96E-02 3.79E-01 1.42E+00 7.40E-01 3.20E-01 1.04E+00 5.69E-01 4.76E-02 5.52E-01 3.45E-02 2.98E-01 6.84E-02 7.10E-01 5.03E-01 7.25E-01 1.14E-01 3.41E-01 4.70E-01 4.84E-02 3.09E-01 2.53E-01 2.74E-01 4.00E-01 7.29E-02 5.13E-02 1.41E-01 2.85E-01 1.94E-01 1.76E-01 1.48E-01 1.80E-01

5/4/05 8:07:41 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 2772.07 2772.11 2778.22 2780.70 2784.34 2787.93 2788.10 2789.80 2797.78 2803.61 2804.52 2804.86 2806.98 2812.04 2813.29 2823.28 2825.56 2832.44 2834.75 2838.12 2843.63 2843.98 2845.59 2851.80 2853.77 2863.43 2868.45 2877.30 2883.75 2887.81 2892.48 2894.50 2895.03 2899.41 2901.91 2907.52 2908.86 2918.02 2919.84 2920.69 2923.29 2923.85 2925.36 2929.01 2929.12 2936.90 2947.36 2947.88 2948.43 2953.49 2953.94 2954.65 2957.36 2957.48 2959.99 2960.66 2965.25 2966.90 2968.48 2970.10

Section 10.indb 111

gi

11 5 11 9 11 9 11 11 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 7 7 9 5 9 5 7 3 7 9 5 9 11 11 9 5 7 5 11 9 7 13 9 5 11 11 7 7 9 9 5 7 9 7 5 5 3 5 11 11 1 9 3 3

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 7 11 9 11 11 13 9 9 9 9 7 11 9 11 7 9 9 11 5 7 7 5 5 9 9 3 9 11 13 9 5 7 3 11 11 9 13 11 5 11 11 9 5 9 9 5 7 9 7 5 7 3 3 13 9 3 11 3 5

8

10-111 λ

–1

2.34E-02 4.12E-02 9.08E-02 9.01E-02 2.30E-02 2.27E-02 5.92E-01 2.36E-01 4.52E-02 1.04E-01 1.05E-01 2.40E-01 1.15E-01 5.00E-02 3.42E-01 1.51E-01 1.32E-01 2.38E-01 5.41E-02 1.28E-01 6.96E-02 3.17E-01 7.86E-02 3.37E-01 5.91E-02 4.13E-02 1.45E-01 4.61E-02 2.91E-02 7.98E-02 8.78E-02 4.83E-01 4.24E-02 4.68E-01 1.78E-01 1.61E-01 8.98E-02 1.18E+00 7.44E-02 6.38E-02 1.39E+00 2.97E-01 1.69E-01 5.10E-02 1.53E+00 1.40E-01 9.30E-02 1.83E-01 3.32E-01 3.64E-01 1.89E-01 1.06E-01 1.77E-01 1.31E-01 5.02E-01 8.48E-02 1.16E-01 2.72E-01 8.26E-02 1.08E-01

Å 2973.13 2973.24 2976.13 2980.53 2981.45 2981.85 2982.23 2983.57 2987.29 2990.39 2994.43 2996.39 2999.51 3000.45 3000.95 3003.03 3004.11 3005.30 3007.15 3008.14 3009.09 3009.57 3011.48 3015.92 3016.18 3018.98 3019.29 3020.49 3020.64 3021.07 3024.03 3025.64 3025.84 3026.46 3030.15 3031.64 3037.39 3040.43 3041.64 3041.74 3042.02 3042.66 3047.60 3053.07 3055.26 3057.45 3059.09 3060.54 3066.48 3067.00 3067.12 3067.24 3068.17 3073.98 3075.72 3078.43 3079.99 3083.74 3091.58 3098.19

gi

5 7 5 7 7 7 9 9 9 9 7 3 11 9 5 7 11 13 9 3 13 9 7 11 5 7 9 5 9 7 3 13 1 5 11 3 3 9 7 7 3 5 5 3 7 11 7 9 9 11 5 9 5 11 7 1 9 5 3 11

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 9 7 7 5 9 7 7 7 11 5 5 11 11 3 5 11 15 7 1 11 9 9 9 3 7 11 5 9 7 5 13 3 5 11 3 5 11 9 9 5 7 7 5 5 9 9 7 7 13 7 7 3 9 5 3 11 3 1 11

8

Weights

λ –1

1.35E-01 1.83E-01 9.70E-02 1.66E-01 6.53E-02 1.86E-01 3.47E-02 2.79E-01 5.25E-02 3.5E-01 4.39E-01 1.70E-01 1.70E-01 5.41E-02 6.42E-01 7.50E-02 2.79E-02 2.94E-02 7.34E-02 1.07E+00 7.77E-02 1.43E-01 3.79E-01 6.3E-02 8.85E-02 1.03E-01 2.33E-02 1.94E-01 7.59E-01 4.55E-01 4.87E-02 5.86E-01 3.48E-01 1.10E-01 5.04E-01 1.38E-01 2.91E-01 2.45E-02 4.24E-02 5.20E-02 4.70E-02 5.20E-02 2.84E-01 1.53E-01 9.48E-02 3.13E-01 1.63E-01 6.75E-02 9.11E-02 1.71E-01 3.89E-02 3.12E-01 1.11E-01 3.83E-02 3.14E-01 1.52E-01 8.35E-02 3.08E-01 5.53E-01 7.52E-02

Å 3099.89 3099.97 3100.30 3100.67 3100.84 3101.00 3112.08 3119.49 3120.44 3125.68 3132.52 3142.45 3142.89 3143.99 3145.06 3147.79 3153.20 3154.50 3156.27 3157.04 3157.89 3160.66 3161.95 3165.86 3166.44 3171.35 3175.44 3178.01 3180.22 3181.52 3182.06 3182.97 3188.57 3188.82 3190.65 3190.82 3192.80 3193.30 3194.42 3196.12 3196.93 3199.53 3202.56 3205.40 3210.23 3210.83 3211.61 3211.99 3214.01 3214.06 3215.94 3217.38 3219.58 3219.80 3221.92 3222.07 3225.79 3227.80 3228.25 3229.99

gi

3 9 5 7 13 9 11 11 9 13 9 7 5 9 9 7 7 5 7 9 5 9 11 7 9 9 11 11 7 7 9 5 11 3 9 9 3 5 5 11 9 9 9 3 9 5 9 11 7 7 5 11 7 9 3 11 11 9 5 9

3 9 5 7 11 9 11 9 7 11 7 7 5 9 9 7 9 7 7 11 7 9 13 9 7 7 11 9 9 5 9 7 11 5 11 9 5 7 3 9 11 9 7 3 11 3 9 9 7 5 5 9 9 7 3 11 13 7 3 11

gk

A 108 s–1 1.93E-01 8.23E-02 1.87E-01 1.35E-01 2.73E-02 5.53E-02 5.24E-02 8.28E-02 7.26E-02 8.46E-02 3.39E-01 3.93E-02 5.65E-02 6.10E-01 4.65E-02 7.59E-02 7.91E-02 4.64E-02 6.36E-01 1.26E-01 1.61E-01 1.93E-01 4.65E-02 5.35E-02 1.14E-01 1.85E-01 1.44E-01 1.28E-01 4.42E-01 1.84E-01 3.23E-02 1.42E-01 5.00E-02 2.53E-01 5.75E-02 5.55E-02 5.01E-01 3.07E-01 1.08E-01 1.40E-01 5.97E-01 2.23E-01 6.18E-02 9.77E-01 1.15E-01 9.24E-01 3.07E-02 4.64E-01 8.38E-01 1.18E+00 6.19E-01 1.50E-01 4.64E-01 3.61E-01 1.22E-01 8.65E-01 1.18E+00 4.96E-01 3.72E-01 1.06E-01

5/4/05 8:07:43 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-112 λ Å 3230.21 3230.96 3233.05 3233.97 3239.43 3244.19 3246.96 3248.20 3250.76 3252.91 3253.60 3254.36 3257.23 3257.59 3259.99 3264.51 3265.62 3271.00 3271.48 3280.26 3282.89 3284.59 3286.75 3290.99 3292.02 3292.59 3298.13 3305.97 3306.34 3306.35 3307.23 3310.34 3310.49 3314.74 3319.25 3322.47 3323.74 3328.87 3335.77 3336.26 3337.67 3340.56 3341.91 3342.29 3347.93 3354.06 3355.23 3369.55 3370.78 3380.11 3383.69 3383.98 3392.30 3392.65 3394.58 3399.33 3402.26 3403.29 3404.35 3406.44

Section 10.indb 112

gi

5 7 13 9 9 9 5 7 11 9 7 11 9 7 7 5 7 5 7 9 3 5 7 3 7 3 3 5 9 3 13 11 7 5 9 9 5 11 3 9 11 5 11 3 5 1 9 9 11 7 5 7 5 7 5 5 13 5 5 3

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 5 15 9 9 11 3 7 11 11 9 13 9 5 9 3 5 3 7 11 5 5 7 5 9 3 5 7 9 5 13 11 9 7 9 11 5 11 5 9 9 5 11 3 5 3 9 9 11 7 3 7 5 7 3 5 13 7 7 5

8

λ –1

2.06E-01 3.7E-01 4.19E-01 2.08E-01 2.95E-01 3.06E-01 1.09E-01 1.92E-01 2.85E-02 2.20E-02 1.62E-01 4.24E-01 4.76E-02 8.94E-02 2.99E-02 1.01E-01 3.06E-01 6.4E-01 8.47E-02 4.21E-01 3.42E-01 5.64E-02 5.99E-01 7.58E-02 5.77E-01 3.0E-01 9.01E-02 4.05E-01 5.74E-01 4.84E-01 1.97E-01 3.78E-02 6.17E-02 7.25E-01 3.73E-02 8.21E-02 2.8E-01 2.21E-01 7.48E-02 4.91E-02 6.06E-02 4.95E-02 3.02E-02 9.42E-02 4.91E-02 1.34E-01 2.59E-01 2.15E-01 2.89E-01 1.66E-01 8.33E-02 6.52E-02 9.93E-02 1.88E-01 8.70E-02 2.76E-01 2.19E-01 3.98E-02 1.09E-01 2.7E-01

Å 3406.80 3407.46 3410.17 3411.35 3413.13 3415.53 3417.84 3418.51 3422.66 3424.28 3425.01 3426.63 3426.67 3427.12 3428.19 3431.81 3440.61 3440.99 3443.88 3445.15 3447.28 3450.33 3451.91 3458.30 3459.91 3465.86 3468.84 3469.01 3475.45 3475.65 3476.34 3476.85 3485.34 3489.67 3490.57 3495.29 3497.10 3500.56 3505.06 3506.50 3508.47 3513.82 3516.41 3516.56 3521.26 3522.27 3522.90 3523.31 3524.07 3524.24 3526.17 3526.24 3526.38 3526.47 3526.67 3527.79 3529.82 3530.39 3533.01 3533.20

gi

3 7 3 9 5 3 3 3 3 7 9 5 11 7 5 5 9 7 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 9 9 5 7 7 7 5 11 7 9 7 7 5 5 9 11 7 7 9 11 5 5 7 5 7 7 7 5 5 9 3 13 1 3

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 9 5 9 7 5 3 1 5 7 7 3 11 9 5 7 7 5 3 7 5 3 5 1 3 3 11 9 5 5 7 9 3 13 7 7 7 5 3 5 11 11 9 5 9 11 7 3 5 7 7 9 7 5 5 9 3 13 3 5

8

Weights

λ –1

2.08E-01 6.09E-01 5.07E-01 6.0E-02 3.23E-01 4.64E-02 4.01E-01 9.88E-01 1.38E-01 1.61E-01 2.57E-01 1.94E-01 1.07E-01 5.04E-01 1.71E-01 5.53E-02 1.71E-01 1.24E-01 7.92E-02 2.34E-01 1.07E-01 2.34E-01 1.13E-01 2.92E-01 2.17E-01 1.19E-01 2.61E-02 8.58E-02 9.75E-02 8.61E-02 2.70E-01 3.21E-02 1.30E-01 7.47E-02 6.14E-02 9.46E-02 9.02E-02 5.28E-02 1.77E-01 7.35E-02 6.46E-02 3.40E-02 3.6E-02 6.82E-02 6.14E-02 5.03E-02 3.51E-02 1.06E-01 9.9E-02 5.04E-02 4.14E-02 1.70E-01 4.13E-01 1.29E-01 5.26E-01 2.17E-01 7.75E-01 4.65E-02 8.52E-01 8.25E-01

Å 3534.53 3536.56 3537.73 3537.89 3540.12 3541.08 3542.08 3543.67 3545.64 3547.19 3552.11 3552.83 3553.74 3554.50 3554.92 3556.88 3558.52 3559.50 3560.70 3565.38 3567.03 3568.82 3568.97 3570.10 3572.00 3572.59 3573.39 3573.83 3573.89 3575.11 3575.25 3575.37 3576.76 3578.38 3581.19 3581.65 3581.81 3582.20 3584.66 3584.79 3584.96 3585.19 3585.32 3585.71 3586.11 3586.74 3586.98 3587.24 3588.53 3588.61 3588.92 3589.45 3594.63 3595.30 3597.02 3599.63 3602.46 3602.53 3603.20 3603.82

gi

11 5 5 11 7 9 7 3 9 9 3 5 11 3 11 9 5 3 7 7 5 7 11 9 11 9 5 13 9 3 11 5 11 1 11 11 3 13 11 7 11 11 7 9 13 13 5 7 9 11 5 9 9 5 5 11 7 7 11 3

11 7 3 11 9 11 9 5 9 9 5 5 9 5 13 11 7 3 9 9 7 9 9 11 11 9 7 13 7 3 9 5 9 3 13 9 5 11 11 5 9 9 7 9 11 13 5 9 7 11 3 7 9 5 3 9 7 5 11 3

gk

A 108 s–1 2.20E-02 9.95E-01 1.33E-01 8.0E-02 9.48E-02 8.65E-01 9.51E-01 1.6E-01 2.05E-01 7.13E-02 4.8E-02 1.74E-01 1.09E+00 9.87E-02 1.40E+00 4.1E-01 1.77E-01 2.2E-01 7.4E-02 4.29E-01 8.34E-02 6.72E-02 4.64E-02 6.76E-01 2.89E-01 3.31E-02 1.05E-01 2.41E-02 5.73E-01 1.60E-01 7.43E-02 3.06E-01 8.8E-02 7.82E-02 1.02E+00 3.21E-02 8.68E-02 2.35E-01 3.29E-01 1.56E-01 6.74E-01 3.19E-02 1.17E-01 3.75E-02 7.02E-01 3.62E-02 1.66E-01 7.73E-02 7.21E-02 1.19E-01 2.15E-01 1.05E-01 3.14E-01 8.21E-02 1.8E-01 2.33E-01 1.02E-01 2.12E-01 2.59E-01 1.70E-01

5/4/05 8:07:45 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3605.45 3605.50 3606.68 3608.14 3608.86 3610.16 3610.69 3612.07 3613.44 3617.79 3618.30 3618.39 3618.77 3621.46 3621.72 3622.00 3623.19 3625.14 3630.35 3631.10 3631.46 3632.04 3632.56 3633.07 3634.33 3636.22 3637.87 3638.30 3640.39 3644.80 3645.07 3645.82 3647.42 3647.84 3649.51 3650.03 3650.28 3651.47 3655.46 3659.52 3664.54 3666.24 3667.25 3668.21 3669.15 3669.52 3670.02 3670.09 3674.76 3676.31 3677.31 3677.63 3682.17 3682.24 3684.11 3684.14 3686.00 3687.46 3687.66 3688.46

Section 10.indb 113

gi

9 13 11 9 3 13 5 11 7 5 11 9 5 9 11 7 13 11 9 11 7 3 11 9 9 5 9 7 9 7 9 1 3 9 11 7 11 7 5 9 7 11 9 7 9 9 3 11 5 9 5 7 7 5 9 9 9 11 9 7

Weights

A

gk

10 s

9 11 13 11 5 13 3 13 7 7 9 9 7 11 9 7 13 9 7 11 9 5 9 11 7 7 9 9 11 5 9 3 3 11 9 7 11 9 5 9 9 9 7 9 7 7 5 13 3 11 7 5 5 5 7 7 11 9 9 9

8

10-113 λ

–1

4.66E-01 2.12E-01 8.29E-01 6.22E-02 8.13E-01 5.90E-01 1.05E-01 1.11E-01 7.0E-02 7.09E-01 4.89E-02 8.88E-02 7.22E-01 4.45E-01 1.07E-01 5.14E-01 6.68E-02 8.15E-02 1.04E-01 2.15E-01 5.17E-01 6.74E-01 5.69E-02 3.54E-02 1.05E-01 2.20E-01 5.9E-02 2.36E-01 3.57E-01 8.3E-02 2.91E-02 4.87E-01 3.38E-01 2.91E-01 3.94E-01 2.26E-01 6.15E-02 5.83E-01 1.18E-01 6.31E-02 4.68E-02 3.87E-02 1.3E-01 3.2E-02 8.03E-02 2.34E-01 8.60E-02 7.20E-02 7.91E-02 4.63E-02 2.28E-01 6.08E-01 1.04E-01 1.5E+00 2.97E-01 9.29E-02 3.34E-01 8.00E-02 7.38E-02 7.3E-02

Å 3689.46 3690.45 3690.73 3694.01 3695.05 3697.43 3698.60 3699.14 3701.09 3702.03 3703.55 3703.69 3703.82 3704.46 3707.92 3709.25 3711.22 3711.41 3716.44 3718.41 3719.93 3721.50 3722.56 3724.38 3726.93 3727.09 3727.62 3727.81 3730.39 3730.46 3730.95 3732.40 3734.86 3735.32 3737.13 3738.31 3740.24 3742.62 3743.36 3743.47 3744.10 3745.56 3746.93 3748.26 3748.96 3749.49 3753.61 3756.94 3757.45 3758.23 3759.15 3760.05 3760.53 3762.20 3763.79 3765.54 3765.70 3767.19 3778.51 3779.45

gi

9 1 11 5 7 7 5 5 7 3 7 9 1 11 7 9 7 3 9 7 9 5 5 5 5 9 7 7 9 7 5 5 11 9 7 11 7 9 5 11 5 5 7 3 9 9 7 11 5 7 13 13 3 9 5 13 11 3 7 3

Weights

A

gk

10 s

9 3 11 7 9 7 7 7 9 1 7 11 3 9 5 7 9 5 7 7 11 5 5 7 5 7 5 5 11 9 7 5 11 9 9 13 9 9 3 11 3 7 7 5 11 9 5 11 3 7 11 15 5 11 5 15 11 3 5 3

8

Weights

λ –1

3.70E-01 1.22E-01 2.99E-01 8.35E-01 2.01E-01 1.94E-01 3.6E-02 4.9E-02 6.35E-01 3.7E-01 3.84E-02 6.31E-02 1.02E-01 1.42E-01 3.32E-01 1.56E-01 3.62E-02 1.28E-01 3.49E-01 5.17E-02 1.62E-01 1.94E-01 4.97E-02 1.04E-01 4.57E-01 1.71E-01 2.24E-01 1.91E-01 9.73E-02 3.09E-02 3.50E-02 2.69E-01 9.01E-01 2.70E-01 1.41E-01 3.44E-01 1.3E-01 6.75E-02 2.60E-01 6.05E-01 3.17E-01 1.15E-01 2.33E-01 9.15E-02 1.48E-01 7.63E-01 1.22E-01 2.2E-01 8.26E-02 6.34E-01 4.55E-02 4.47E-02 5.50E-02 2.4E-02 5.44E-01 9.51E-01 2.36E-02 6.39E-01 1.17E-01 1.05E-01

Å 3781.94 3785.95 3786.19 3787.16 3787.88 3789.18 3789.82 3793.48 3794.34 3795.00 3797.51 3798.51 3799.55 3801.68 3801.98 3802.28 3804.01 3805.34 3806.22 3806.70 3807.54 3808.73 3810.76 3812.96 3813.06 3813.88 3815.84 3816.34 3817.64 3819.49 3820.43 3821.18 3821.83 3825.88 3827.82 3829.45 3833.31 3834.22 3836.33 3839.26 3840.44 3841.05 3843.26 3845.70 3845.99 3846.41 3846.80 3849.97 3852.57 3854.37 3856.37 3859.21 3859.91 3865.52 3867.22 3871.75 3872.50 3873.76 3878.02 3878.67

gi

5 11 5 5 3 9 9 7 9 5 13 9 7 5 11 5 11 9 3 11 3 9 5 7 7 13 9 5 11 7 11 11 5 9 7 3 9 7 5 9 5 5 9 5 9 11 7 3 7 9 7 13 9 3 5 11 5 11 7 9

7 13 5 5 5 11 7 7 11 7 13 11 9 7 13 5 9 11 3 11 5 9 3 5 7 11 7 7 11 5 9 13 5 7 5 3 9 5 5 9 3 3 7 7 7 9 7 1 9 7 5 11 9 3 5 11 5 9 7 7

gk

A 108 s–1 3.8E-02 4.14E-02 1.3E-01 9.9E-02 1.29E-01 2.16E-02 4.1E-02 7.92E-02 4.15E-02 1.15E-01 4.57E-01 3.23E-02 7.31E-02 6.26E-02 3.7E-02 5.63E-02 4.6E-02 8.60E-01 2.5E-01 4.35E-01 9.37E-02 3.54E-02 1.94E-01 7.91E-02 5.52E-02 6.62E-02 1.12E+00 4.16E-02 7.7E-02 4.9E-02 6.67E-01 5.54E-01 7.30E-02 5.97E-01 1.05E+00 1.32E-01 4.68E-02 4.52E-01 3.29E-01 2.35E-01 4.70E-01 1.36E+00 3.70E-01 5.89E-02 4.5E-02 1.68E-01 6.20E-01 6.05E-01 3.26E-02 5.07E-02 4.64E-02 7.25E-02 9.69E-02 1.55E-01 3.16E-01 5.83E-02 1.05E-01 6.57E-02 7.72E-02 7.02E-02

5/4/05 8:07:47 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-114 λ Å 3878.73 3883.28 3884.36 3885.51 3886.28 3887.05 3888.51 3888.82 3891.93 3893.39 3894.01 3897.89 3900.52 3902.95 3903.90 3906.75 3907.93 3909.66 3911.00 3916.73 3918.42 3918.64 3919.07 3925.64 3925.94 3926.01 3928.08 3931.12 3932.63 3933.60 3935.81 3941.28 3942.44 3946.99 3947.53 3948.10 3948.77 3949.95 3951.16 3952.60 3953.15 3955.34 3956.46 3956.68 3957.02 3960.28 3963.10 3967.42 3967.96 3969.26 3970.39 3971.32 3973.65 3976.61 3977.74 3981.77 3983.96 3985.39 3989.86 3996.96

Section 10.indb 114

gi

3 7 11 3 7 9 5 5 3 11 5 11 7 7 9 5 7 3 9 13 3 7 9 5 1 7 9 5 9 3 5 5 3 9 5 7 11 7 3 11 7 3 13 11 5 5 3 9 7 9 3 11 5 3 5 9 9 5 5 9

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 7 9 5 7 9 5 3 3 11 5 13 7 7 9 7 5 5 9 11 1 7 9 5 3 7 9 7 11 5 5 5 5 11 5 9 9 5 5 11 9 3 11 13 7 7 5 7 9 7 1 9 7 5 5 9 7 5 7 9

8

λ –1

5.34E-01 1.28E-01 3.99E-02 7.26E-02 5.29E-02 3.52E-02 2.50E-01 1.95E-01 2.71E-01 1.00E-01 1.03E-01 6.20E-02 7.9E-02 2.14E-01 7.61E-02 7.05E-02 6.67E-02 5.7E-02 2.68E-02 9.83E-02 4.22E-01 1.17E-01 3.72E-02 8.04E-02 1.67E-01 7.26E-02 5.64E-02 4.8E-02 2.70E-02 5.92E-02 1.14E-01 9.1E-02 9.62E-02 3.91E-02 5.12E-02 1.31E-01 2.08E-01 4.79E-02 4.29E-01 2.97E-02 2.97E-02 1.5E-01 1.76E-01 1.22E-01 1.67E-01 4.10E-02 1.5E-01 1.52E-01 6.09E-02 2.26E-01 3.9E-01 4.97E-02 5.81E-02 1.20E-01 6.41E-02 3.57E-02 5.72E-02 8.53E-02 5.3E-02 7.95E-02

Å 3997.39 3998.05 4005.24 4006.31 4009.71 4014.53 4017.15 4018.27 4021.87 4024.73 4030.49 4030.89 4031.96 4040.64 4043.90 4044.61 4045.59 4045.81 4054.87 4058.22 4062.44 4063.59 4067.98 4070.77 4071.74 4073.76 4074.79 4076.63 4076.80 4079.17 4080.21 4084.49 4085.00 4085.30 4085.98 4098.18 4107.49 4109.80 4112.96 4118.55 4125.62 4126.18 4127.61 4132.06 4132.90 4134.68 4137.00 4142.59 4143.41 4143.87 4149.37 4153.90 4154.50 4154.81 4156.80 4157.78 4158.79 4170.90 4172.12 4172.64

gi

9 11 7 11 3 9 9 5 7 7 9 9 3 5 7 5 9 9 5 9 3 7 9 7 5 5 9 9 5 5 3 11 3 7 7 7 5 3 11 11 9 11 1 5 3 5 3 3 9 7 11 7 5 9 5 5 3 5 7 11

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 9 5 9 5 7 11 7 9 9 11 7 5 7 7 3 7 9 3 7 3 7 9 5 5 3 9 9 7 5 1 9 5 7 5 7 3 3 13 13 11 11 3 7 5 7 5 5 9 9 13 9 3 11 5 7 5 5 5 11

8

Weights

λ –1

1.26E-01 5.70E-02 2.04E-01 5.1E-02 4.64E-02 1.53E-01 3.25E-02 3.44E-02 8.55E-02 8.09E-02 1.04E-01 5.02E-02 7.6E-02 4.8E-02 8.69E-02 8.17E-02 7.39E-02 8.62E-01 9.61E-02 4.47E-02 1.85E-01 6.65E-01 1.51E-01 1.1E-01 7.64E-01 1.68E-01 3.43E-02 1.32E-01 3.81E-02 5.4E-02 2.3E-01 8.66E-02 4.7E-02 8.92E-02 5.1E-02 7.49E-02 1.74E-01 1.51E-01 1.1E-01 4.96E-01 9.9E-02 4.2E-02 1.43E-01 1.18E-01 7.70E-02 1.25E-01 2.75E-01 7.5E-02 2.70E-01 1.33E-01 4.23E-02 2.05E-01 2.64E-01 1.40E-01 1.20E-01 2.18E-01 1.6E-01 6.29E-02 9.80E-02 2.24E-02

Å 4175.64 4181.75 4182.38 4184.89 4187.04 4187.80 4191.43 4195.33 4196.21 4198.25 4198.30 4198.63 4199.10 4200.92 4202.03 4203.94 4203.98 4210.34 4217.55 4219.36 4222.21 4224.17 4224.51 4225.45 4227.43 4233.60 4235.94 4238.81 4245.26 4246.09 4247.43 4250.12 4250.79 4260.47 4267.83 4271.15 4271.76 4276.68 4282.40 4294.12 4299.23 4307.90 4309.03 4315.08 4325.76 4327.10 4369.77 4383.55 4388.41 4401.29 4404.75 4415.12 4422.57 4433.22 4443.19 4455.03 4466.55 4469.38 4476.02 4484.22

gi

3 5 5 5 7 9 5 11 7 9 11 5 9 7 9 13 3 3 3 11 7 9 3 5 11 3 9 7 1 7 9 5 7 11 1 7 9 9 7 9 9 7 13 5 5 5 9 9 7 7 7 5 3 5 1 9 5 5 3 7

5 7 5 5 5 7 3 11 7 9 9 5 11 9 9 13 5 3 5 13 7 11 5 7 13 5 9 9 3 5 11 7 7 11 3 9 11 9 5 9 11 9 13 5 7 5 9 11 7 7 9 7 3 3 3 7 7 7 5 9

gk

A 108 s–1 1.14E-01 2.32E-01 5.04E-02 1.03E-01 2.15E-01 1.52E-01 2.73E-01 1.11E-01 1.09E-01 1.47E-01 8.03E-02 1.25E-01 4.92E-01 6.25E-02 8.22E-02 2.97E-02 7.37E-02 1.48E-01 2.46E-01 2.88E-01 5.76E-02 1.06E-01 6.81E-02 1.65E-01 5.29E-01 1.85E-01 1.88E-01 2.41E-01 9.0E-02 5.85E-02 1.94E-01 2.07E-01 1.02E-01 3.99E-01 8.17E-02 1.82E-01 2.28E-01 2.6E-02 1.21E-01 3.12E-02 1.29E-01 3.38E-01 1.96E-02 7.76E-02 5.16E-01 1.12E-01 6.09E-02 5.00E-01 1.03E-01 6.4E-02 2.75E-01 1.19E-01 8.72E-02 2.1E-01 1.02E-01 4.1E-02 1.20E-01 1.59E-01 1.01E-01 5.04E-02

5/4/05 8:07:49 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 4485.68 4494.56 4528.61 4547.85 4556.13 4619.29 4638.01 4654.61 4667.45 4673.16 4678.85 4736.77 4789.65 4800.65 4859.74 4871.32 4872.14 4878.21 4890.76 4891.49 4903.31 4918.99 4920.50 4957.30 4957.60 4966.09 4973.10 4978.60 4985.25 4988.95 5001.86 5006.12 5014.94 5021.59 5022.24 5048.44 5068.77 5074.75 5090.77 5121.64 5137.38 5139.25 5139.46 5184.27 5191.46 5192.34 5208.59 5215.18 5226.86 5232.94 5235.39 5242.49 5263.31 5266.56 5273.16 5281.79 5283.62 5302.30 5324.18 5339.93

Section 10.indb 115

gi

3 5 7 5 7 7 7 7 7 5 7 9 5 7 5 7 3 1 5 9 3 7 11 9 13 11 3 5 5 7 9 11 7 7 5 3 9 9 7 5 11 7 9 5 5 7 7 5 5 9 9 13 5 7 1 5 7 3 9 5

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 7 9 7 5 5 7 7 9 7 9 11 7 9 3 5 3 3 5 7 5 7 9 9 11 11 3 3 5 7 7 11 5 9 3 5 7 11 5 5 9 5 9 7 3 7 5 3 5 11 7 11 5 9 3 7 7 5 9 7

8

10-115 λ

–1

1.1E-01 3.45E-02 5.44E-02 4.48E-02 1.05E-01 5.2E-02 3.37E-02 3.68E-02 6.03E-02 3.81E-02 4.97E-02 4.78E-02 4.57E-02 3.01E-02 1.62E-01 2.44E-01 2.54E-01 1.21E-01 2.25E-01 3.08E-01 6.58E-02 1.79E-01 3.58E-01 1.18E-01 4.22E-01 3.31E-02 1.1E-01 1.19E-01 1.48E-01 5.2E-02 3.7E-01 5.87E-02 2.64E-01 6.18E-02 2.4E-01 4.88E-02 3.37E-02 1.4E-01 1.9E-01 7.9E-02 1.0E-01 9.16E-02 8.69E-02 3.8E-02 2.32E-01 1.34E-01 6.23E-02 1.10E-01 1.36E-01 1.94E-01 3.75E-02 2.38E-02 6.36E-02 1.10E-01 8.12E-02 5.00E-02 1.02E-01 9.04E-02 2.06E-01 6.36E-02

Å 5364.87 5367.47 5369.96 5373.71 5383.37 5393.17 5398.28 5404.15 5410.91 5415.20 5463.28 5473.90 5476.29 5476.56 5563.60 5569.62 5572.84 5576.09 5586.76 5594.66 5602.95 5615.64 5624.54 5633.95 5638.26 5649.99 5655.18 5658.82 5662.52 5679.02 5686.53 5705.99 5753.12 5762.99 5816.37 5905.67 6301.50 6400.00 6411.65 6419.95 6469.19 6496.47 6569.22 6633.75 6841.34 6855.16 7187.32 7511.02 8220.38 8699.45 9012.07 9401.11 9414.04 9443.80 9569.91 9626.50 9738.57 9763.38 9861.74 9889.04

gi

5 7 9 7 11 7 5 9 7 11 9 7 7 9 5 5 7 3 9 9 3 11 5 11 9 3 7 7 11 5 9 7 3 5 9 5 5 7 5 7 3 5 7 7 5 7 9 11 13 7 11 9 7 5 11 9 11 3 7 9

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 9 11 9 13 9 5 11 9 13 9 7 9 9 7 3 5 1 7 9 3 9 5 13 7 5 9 7 9 7 11 9 5 7 11 3 5 9 7 7 3 5 9 7 7 9 11 11 11 9 9 11 9 7 11 9 13 5 9 11

8

Weights

λ –1

5.59E-01 7.13E-01 7.22E-01 3.7E-02 7.81E-01 4.91E-02 9.0E-02 6.92E-01 6.33E-01 7.67E-01 2.9E-01 5.2E-02 2.87E-02 8.70E-02 3.4E-02 2.34E-01 2.28E-01 2.5E-01 2.19E-01 5.20E-02 1.00E-01 2.64E-01 7.41E-02 7.7E-02 4.4E-02 5.1E-02 4.7E-02 4.34E-02 6.18E-02 3.7E-02 6.71E-02 6.1E-02 8.26E-02 9.6E-02 4.49E-02 1.1E-01 6.43E-02 9.27E-02 4.43E-02 1.2E-01 8.3E-02 7.8E-02 6.0E-02 3.44E-02 3.4E-02 2.86E-02 8.36E-02 1.35E-01 1.69E-01 4.08E-02 4.46E-02 2.64E-02 3.98E-02 6.39E-02 2.50E-02 4.51E-02 7.64E-02 5.42E-02 5.49E-02 2.22E-02

Å

gi

22473.28 23566.67 24547.95 24729.10

11 9 11 13

11 11 9 11

Fe II 1055.26 1063.97 1068.35 1071.58 1096.88 1112.05 1121.97 1122.84 1125.45 1127.10 1128.05 1130.44 1133.40 1133.67 1138.63 1142.37 1143.23 1144.94 1147.41 1148.28 1151.15 1267.42 1272.61 1272.65 1371.02 1563.79 1580.63 1588.69 1608.45 1608.54 1610.92 1611.20 1618.47 1621.25 1621.69 1623.09 1625.52 1625.91 1629.16 1631.13 1633.91 1634.35 1635.40 1636.33 1637.40 1639.40 1641.76 1647.16 1661.32 1663.70 1670.75 1676.86 1688.40 1702.04

10 10 8 6 10 10 10 8 10 10 2 6 8 10 8 10 10 10 8 8 6 8 6 6 14 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 8 4 10 2 6 6 10 6 10 8 6 10

8 8 8 8 8 12 8 6 8 10 4 8 10 8 8 8 10 12 8 10 8 6 4 4 12 8 10 8 8 8 10 8 8 8 6 8 10 8 6 4 8 6 6 4 8 4 4 6 8 8 8 8 8 12

gk

A 108 s–1 3.32E-02 2.21E-02 3.72E-02 5.08E-02 4.6E-01 3.5E-01 1.59E+00 1.14E+00 2.26E+00 2.0E-01 1.92E+00 1.81E+00 1.03E+00 5.9E-02 1.40E+00 3.1E-01 2.6E-01 3.1E-01 5.5E-01 2.6E-01 9.8E-01 3.52E+00 1.24E+00 3.35E+00 2.23E+00 9.3E-01 3.3E-01 2.2E-01 1.74E+00 1.33E+00 5.8E-01 4.9E-03 1.91E+00 2.1E-02 1.94E-01 4.40E-02 5.53E-01 1.3E-02 1.32E+00 1.99E-01 4.04E-01 1.02E-01 8.66E-01 6.93E-01 3.85E-01 3.21E-01 2.28E+00 9.63E-01 3.57E-01 6.85E-01 1.76E+00 4.98E-01 1.2E-02 9.9E-03 1.06E+00 6.75E-02 2.53E-02 1.02E+00

5/4/05 8:07:51 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-116 λ Å 1761.37 1785.27 1786.75 1788.08 1796.98 1818.52 1833.08 1863.11 2020.75 2057.33 2074.19 2078.16 2097.02 2122.45 2146.37 2162.02 2182.36 2187.68 2189.03 2191.98 2201.59 2208.41 2209.03 2213.66 2218.26 2220.38 2228.73 2249.18 2250.18 2250.94 2251.56 2253.13 2254.41 2255.77 2260.08 2260.24 2260.86 2262.69 2266.00 2267.59 2268.56 2268.82 2279.92 2292.42 2296.88 2312.22 2327.40 2327.88 2331.31 2332.80 2338.01 2338.54 2343.50 2343.96 2344.28 2345.34 2348.12 2348.30 2351.20 2351.67

Section 10.indb 116

gi

8 6 6 6 6 8 6 6 6 6 10 10 8 10 8 10 10 8 10 8 6 10 10 14 8 12 6 10 4 6 8 8 4 6 10 2 4 4 6 6 2 8 8 12 6 10 6 10 10 8 4 10 10 8 2 14 10 6 12 6

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 8 6 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 8 8 8 10 8 8 10 8 8 10 8 14 10 12 8 8 4 6 6 8 2 4 10 2 6 4 6 8 4 8 10 10 8 8 4 12 8 6 4 12 8 6 4 12 8 6 10 6

8

λ –1

1.42E+00 1.2E+01 1.2E+01 4.6E+00 3.0E-03 5.70E-02 2.2E-02 2.4E-03 1.83E-01 2.80E-02 2.30E-02 2.84E-02 1.07E-02 4.8E-03 7.1E-03 2.54E-01 8.6E-02 2.87E-02 1.97E-02 7.54E-01 7.77E-01 1.59E+00 1.27E+00 3.26E-01 1.57E+00 4.19E-01 1.59E+00 3.00E-02 1.67E-02 3.19E-02 9.8E-03 4.41E-02 5.5E-03 4.75E-01 3.18E-02 3.4E-02 2.16E-02 1.98E-02 1.0E-02 3.69E-02 6.0E-03 3.97E-03 4.49E-02 8.42E-03 1.82E-02 9.3E-03 6.55E-01 1.08E+00 3.17E-01 1.31E+00 1.13E+00 5.6E-02 1.73E+00 3.13E-01 9.27E-01 7.3E-01 6.50E-01 1.15E+00 7.19E-01 1.80E+00

Å 2352.31 2353.47 2353.68 2354.48 2354.89 2356.21 2359.11 2359.60 2360.00 2360.29 2360.53 2361.73 2362.02 2363.86 2364.83 2365.76 2366.59 2366.88 2368.60 2369.95 2370.50 2372.36 2373.74 2375.19 2376.43 2378.55 2378.70 2379.28 2379.42 2380.76 2382.04 2382.36 2382.90 2383.06 2383.24 2384.39 2385.01 2388.39 2388.63 2390.10 2390.76 2391.48 2394.00 2395.42 2395.63 2396.72 2399.24 2400.05 2401.29 2402.45 2402.60 2402.63 2404.43 2404.89 2406.09 2406.66 2410.27 2410.52 2411.07 2411.81

gi

2 12 8 10 6 6 4 10 10 8 6 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 6 10 4 10 10 4 12 8 8 8 10 6 10 4 12 8 6 4 6 10 8 14 6 8 12 6 8 10 6 12 6 10 6 8 4 6 6 4 8 4 2 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 14 8 8 4 8 6 10 10 6 8 8 8 10 8 6 6 10 4 12 4 8 10 2 14 8 8 8 10 8 12 6 14 6 6 4 8 12 8 16 6 10 10 4 10 12 6 14 8 10 8 8 2 8 8 4 8 6 2 12

8

Weights

λ –1

4.38E+00 4.98E+00 1.30E+00 8.13E-01 2.67E-01 7.1E-03 5.0E-01 2.25E-01 3.59E-01 6.23E-01 2.22E-01 2.40E-01 1.41E-01 5.3E+00 5.90E-01 2.16E+00 1.01E-01 3.51E-02 6.06E-01 5.9E+00 1.73E-01 6.6E-03 4.25E-01 9.81E-01 6.4E+00 1.70E-01 1.49E-01 2.73E-01 3.68E-01 3.10E-01 3.13E+00 3.19E-02 1.62E-01 1.0E-01 3.59E-01 3.22E-01 3.60E-02 2.02E-01 1.05E+00 5.5E+00 1.17E+00 3.77E-02 9.4E-02 2.67E-01 2.59E+00 2.15E-01 1.39E+00 4.57E+00 1.89E+00 5.8E-01 2.17E-02 8.19E-01 6.44E-01 1.96E+00 2.05E-02 1.61E+00 7.65E-01 1.55E+00 2.37E+00 4.33E+00

Å 2412.01 2413.31 2414.10 2414.51 2416.45 2417.87 2418.17 2418.44 2419.89 2422.69 2422.93 2423.21 2424.15 2424.39 2424.50 2424.59 2424.65 2428.08 2428.36 2428.80 2429.04 2429.39 2429.86 2430.08 2432.26 2432.87 2433.50 2434.06 2434.24 2434.73 2434.95 2435.00 2436.62 2439.30 2440.42 2441.13 2442.38 2443.71 2444.52 2445.11 2445.57 2445.80 2446.11 2446.47 2447.21 2447.33 2447.76 2449.96 2450.21 2453.98 2454.58 2455.71 2455.90 2457.10 2458.78 2458.97 2460.44 2461.28 2461.86 2463.28

gi

6 2 14 10 8 12 6 6 10 6 10 4 10 6 8 6 8 12 8 4 2 4 8 8 6 14 10 8 8 12 4 8 6 12 6 10 10 8 6 12 4 4 8 12 6 4 12 4 2 8 14 8 4 6 10 6 10 6 8 12

8 4 12 8 10 12 8 8 10 8 8 6 12 8 8 6 8 10 10 4 4 4 8 10 8 14 12 6 10 12 6 8 8 14 8 10 12 10 8 12 6 6 8 14 6 2 10 4 4 10 12 8 6 4 12 4 12 8 10 10

gk

A 108 s–1 1.66E-01 1.02E+00 1.05E-02 4.2E-03 2.38E+00 9.5E-01 2.0E-02 2.28E+00 2.2E-02 1.46E+00 2.94E-02 1.40E+00 2.21E+00 1.61E-01 2.9E-03 1.24E+00 6.55E-02 7.0E-03 2.68E+00 1.38E+00 1.23E+00 6.9E-01 1.51E+00 1.91E+00 1.57E+00 2.86E+00 1.30E-01 7.2E-01 2.01E+00 2.79E+00 1.39E+00 2.02E+00 2.70E+00 2.25E+00 1.18E+00 8.95E-01 2.75E+00 1.44E+00 2.78E+00 2.03E+00 2.07E+00 1.23E+00 1.06E+00 2.99E-01 1.15E+00 2.56E+00 1.97E+00 1.24E+00 1.26E+00 1.31E+00 1.16E+00 1.01E+00 1.73E+00 4.71E-01 2.31E+00 2.51E+00 5.39E+00 2.34E+00 2.43E+00 7.1E-01

5/4/05 8:07:54 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 2464.01 2464.91 2465.91 2466.50 2466.67 2466.82 2468.30 2469.37 2469.52 2470.41 2470.67 2470.85 2471.28 2472.61 2473.32 2475.12 2475.54 2476.27 2477.35 2478.57 2480.16 2481.05 2482.12 2482.33 2482.66 2482.87 2483.72 2484.24 2484.44 2489.11 2489.48 2489.83 2490.71 2490.86 2491.40 2492.34 2493.26 2493.88 2494.12 2497.68 2497.82 2500.92 2501.35 2502.39 2503.33 2503.54 2503.57 2503.88 2506.09 2506.80 2508.34 2510.57 2511.76 2513.15 2514.38 2517.14 2519.05 2521.09 2521.82 2525.39

Section 10.indb 117

gi

10 6 8 2 4 6 10 10 8 6 8 8 10 8 2 4 6 8 8 6 10 12 14 4 12 6 8 4 8 4 12 12 10 8 10 10 14 6 12 10 6 6 2 8 12 8 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 10 8 2 8 6 8 14

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 4 6 4 2 4 10 8 6 6 6 8 8 10 2 6 8 10 8 6 8 12 14 4 10 4 10 6 8 4 12 12 12 8 8 12 16 6 10 12 6 8 2 8 12 8 10 10 10 10 10 8 10 8 8 4 6 4 8 14

8

10-117 λ

–1

1.32E+00 2.22E+00 1.62E+00 2.40E+00 2.64E+00 1.77E+00 9.8E-02 2.23E-02 2.58E+00 6.0E-01 1.54E+00 5.4E-03 4.15E-01 3.22E+00 2.74E+00 3.72E+00 3.18E+00 9.7E-02 1.70E-01 9.1E-01 1.55E+00 1.46E-01 6.5E-01 2.23E+00 1.25E+00 1.69E+00 5.4E-01 8.3E-02 2.16E+00 2.6E-02 5.1E-01 1.94E+00 1.44E+00 8.8E-01 1.01E+00 2.30E-01 3.04E+00 1.74E+00 2.97E-02 8.4E-03 1.68E+00 2.41E+00 1.48E+00 1.43E+00 7.3E-01 3.32E-01 2.53E-01 2.23E+00 9.9E-01 1.98E+00 3.79E-01 1.54E-01 2.30E+00 2.49E-01 2.11E+00 9.2E-01 2.10E+00 2.05E+00 2.36E+00 1.91E+00

Å 2525.92 2526.08 2526.29 2527.10 2527.71 2528.68 2529.08 2529.23 2529.55 2530.10 2533.63 2534.42 2535.36 2535.49 2536.67 2536.81 2536.84 2537.14 2538.21 2538.40 2538.50 2538.68 2538.91 2538.99 2539.81 2540.52 2540.66 2541.10 2541.84 2542.32 2542.74 2543.38 2543.43 2544.97 2545.22 2545.44 2545.53 2546.67 2547.34 2548.16 2548.32 2548.59 2548.74 2548.92 2549.08 2549.40 2549.46 2549.77 2550.03 2550.15 2550.57 2550.68 2551.20 2554.94 2555.07 2555.45 2557.08 2557.51 2559.24 2559.77

gi

8 10 6 12 10 10 4 12 10 4 12 8 6 10 12 10 12 10 14 6 8 6 10 14 8 2 6 8 8 4 2 10 6 4 8 8 8 8 8 6 4 10 4 12 10 4 6 8 10 8 12 12 10 8 6 4 8 10 8 6

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 8 6 10 8 8 6 10 10 6 12 8 4 8 12 10 14 10 12 8 6 8 8 12 8 2 8 6 6 2 2 12 4 6 10 10 10 8 8 8 6 10 2 10 8 4 6 6 10 10 12 12 8 8 8 6 10 8 8 8

8

Weights

λ –1

7.4E-01 3.52E-01 2.47E+00 3.67E-01 9.1E-01 2.3E-02 1.80E+00 3.27E-01 2.20E+00 6.6E-01 1.92E+00 1.83E+00 2.46E+00 7.47E-01 5.7E-01 1.69E+00 6.8E-01 1.44E+00 1.26E+00 3.7E-02 5.9E-01 7.4E-01 1.28E+00 1.93E+00 5.6E-02 1.26E+00 1.70E+00 9.6E-01 8.2E-01 3.9E-03 1.61E+00 6.7E-01 8.3E-01 3.93E-01 5.3E-01 1.52E-01 1.2E-02 7.98E-01 2.28E-01 8.0E-03 2.69E-01 2.67E-01 2.43E+00 6.0E-01 1.89E+00 1.65E+00 1.12E+00 2.35E-01 1.74E+00 3.91E-01 1.6E-02 1.07E+00 2.48E-01 2.6E-02 1.96E-01 2.49E-01 2.8E-02 1.53E-01 6.4E-02 2.42E-01

Å 2559.93 2560.28 2561.59 2562.09 2562.54 2563.48 2566.22 2566.40 2566.62 2566.91 2568.41 2568.89 2569.78 2570.55 2570.85 2571.55 2572.97 2573.21 2573.76 2574.37 2576.86 2577.43 2577.92 2580.72 2581.11 2582.41 2582.58 2583.05 2583.35 2585.62 2585.88 2586.06 2587.95 2588.19 2588.80 2590.55 2591.54 2592.79 2593.73 2594.96 2595.28 2595.30 2598.37 2599.40 2604.05 2604.67 2605.04 2605.31 2605.43 2605.90 2606.52 2607.09 2608.85 2609.13 2609.44 2609.87 2611.07 2611.34 2611.87 2613.57

gi

6 4 10 4 8 6 8 8 10 4 2 8 2 6 8 10 6 8 8 6 10 6 2 8 6 6 4 8 8 10 10 6 8 2 8 4 6 14 2 8 12 10 8 10 8 8 6 4 6 4 6 6 10 8 6 8 4 8 8 10

8 4 10 2 6 4 10 6 12 2 4 8 4 8 6 10 8 10 8 4 12 8 2 6 6 8 4 10 10 10 8 4 10 2 8 6 6 16 4 8 10 8 6 10 8 10 8 4 6 2 6 4 8 10 8 8 6 6 8 12

gk

A 108 s–1 2.47E-01 1.77E+00 1.1E-02 1.62E+00 1.79E+00 1.51E+00 2.61E+00 2.29E+00 7.1E-02 1.15E+00 4.77E-01 2.8E-02 1.11E+00 1.1E-03 1.84E+00 2.89E-02 7.89E-02 1.42E-01 2.3E-02 2.43E+00 1.32E+00 7.8E-03 1.24E+00 2.2E-02 7.61E-02 2.22E-01 8.80E-01 2.16E-02 9.0E-03 3.09E-01 8.94E-01 5.8E-02 1.69E+00 1.5E-01 8.4E-02 7.9E-02 5.72E-01 2.74E+00 1.63E-01 1.0E-01 1.67E-03 1.2E-02 1.43E+00 2.35E+00 1.49E-01 1.2E-02 2.34E+00 1.99E+00 3.40E-01 1.27E+00 2.31E+00 1.73E+00 5.0E-02 2.77E-01 6.0E-02 1.34E-01 7.28E-02 1.4E-02 1.20E+00 2.0E-02

5/4/05 8:07:56 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-118 λ Å 2613.82 2614.19 2614.59 2614.87 2617.62 2619.08 2620.17 2620.41 2620.70 2621.67 2623.13 2623.72 2625.49 2625.67 2626.50 2626.70 2628.29 2628.58 2629.59 2630.07 2631.05 2631.32 2631.61 2633.20 2636.70 2637.50 2637.64 2639.57 2641.12 2642.01 2646.21 2649.47 2650.48 2651.30 2652.57 2654.63 2657.92 2658.25 2659.06 2662.56 2664.66 2666.64 2667.22 2669.93 2670.38 2671.39 2680.23 2682.51 2683.00 2684.75 2684.96 2686.11 2686.39 2691.74 2692.60 2692.83 2693.86 2697.33 2697.46 2697.73

Section 10.indb 118

gi

4 8 10 8 6 10 6 4 8 2 14 6 12 8 4 8 2 6 6 4 4 6 10 6 4 6 2 2 4 6 12 6 6 12 10 4 10 8 10 2 8 6 4 2 6 2 6 8 4 8 12 6 6 10 10 8 8 4 4 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 10 8 6 6 10 6 4 8 2 14 6 14 10 6 8 4 6 8 6 6 8 12 4 4 6 4 2 4 6 10 8 8 12 8 4 10 8 10 2 10 8 6 4 8 4 8 10 6 10 12 6 4 8 12 6 6 4 2 8

8

λ –1

2.12E+00 3.3E-02 3.37E-02 3.5E-02 4.88E-01 2.48E-01 1.1E-01 4.30E-02 3.43E-01 5.60E-01 8.8E-02 1.92E-01 2.55E+00 3.52E-01 3.48E-01 1.94E-02 8.74E-01 3.4E-02 7.2E-01 5.1E-01 8.16E-01 6.29E-01 6.6E-01 1.21E+00 8.8E-02 6.2E-01 6.6E-01 8.0E-01 3.7E-02 2.29E-01 1.44E-02 1.98E+00 1.60E+00 4.0E-03 4.45E-02 8.1E-01 3.2E-02 2.12E-01 2.5E-03 1.33E+00 1.91E+00 1.87E+00 1.02E+00 5.2E-01 6.0E-02 6.5E-01 1.10E-01 9.2E-01 7.3E-01 1.57E+00 6.4E-03 9.4E-03 1.6E-02 5.04E-02 1.40E+00 1.64E-02 4.2E-02 2.48E-01 1.65E+00 2.6E-02

Å 2699.20 2703.99 2704.58 2707.13 2709.06 2709.38 2709.99 2711.84 2712.39 2714.41 2716.22 2716.44 2716.57 2716.70 2717.88 2718.64 2719.30 2721.81 2722.06 2722.74 2724.88 2726.52 2727.38 2727.54 2728.91 2730.73 2732.01 2732.45 2732.94 2736.49 2736.97 2739.55 2741.39 2743.20 2744.90 2746.48 2746.98 2749.18 2749.32 2749.49 2750.01 2751.13 2752.15 2753.29 2754.89 2755.74 2756.51 2757.03 2759.33 2761.81 2762.33 2762.45 2763.66 2763.91 2764.79 2765.13 2767.50 2768.93 2769.15 2769.35

gi

4 8 8 4 4 6 6 12 10 8 6 6 14 8 16 10 6 12 8 6 6 6 12 6 8 4 10 10 8 2 4 8 6 2 6 4 6 4 6 2 10 4 4 10 8 8 6 10 8 2 6 6 14 8 12 10 12 4 8 12

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 8 8 6 6 4 8 14 12 6 6 6 12 8 14 8 8 10 8 8 6 8 10 4 10 4 8 10 6 4 2 8 6 4 8 6 6 4 8 2 10 4 4 12 6 10 8 8 8 4 6 4 12 6 12 8 14 6 10 14

8

Weights

λ –1

6.2E-01 1.38E+00 1.66E-02 8.3E-01 3.88E-01 2.78E-03 8.7E-03 4.36E-01 1.29E-01 5.70E-01 1.15E+00 2.8E-02 1.35E+00 1.02E-03 1.51E+00 1.18E+00 4.44E-01 5.1E-02 1.42E-01 8.2E-01 9.58E-02 5.0E-02 3.12E-01 9.38E-01 1.25E-01 2.79E-01 7.05E-02 9.8E-04 9.5E-01 1.5E-02 1.22E+00 2.21E+00 2.03E-01 1.97E+00 3.62E-02 2.05E+00 1.69E+00 1.21E+00 2.16E+00 1.16E+00 1.8E-02 2.92E-01 7.7E-01 1.89E+00 1.21E+00 2.15E+00 7.3E-02 8.07E-02 2.7E-04 1.38E-01 6.0E-01 3.3E-02 1.34E+00 2.9E-02 1.1E-02 1.47E+00 1.58E+00 4.75E-02 6.6E-02 2.07E-01

Å 2770.50 2771.19 2771.56 2772.73 2774.69 2775.34 2776.18 2776.91 2779.30 2779.91 2780.05 2783.69 2784.28 2785.19 2787.24 2790.56 2793.89 2796.63 2797.92 2799.29 2799.72 2804.02 2805.32 2805.79 2809.78 2811.27 2812.49 2813.61 2817.09 2819.34 2826.03 2827.43 2828.63 2831.56 2833.09 2835.71 2836.19 2836.51 2837.30 2838.22 2839.51 2839.80 2840.34 2840.65 2840.76 2841.36 2842.08 2843.32 2843.48 2844.96 2845.60 2847.21 2847.77 2848.11 2848.32 2848.91 2849.61 2852.87 2853.21 2855.67

gi

12 10 6 6 2 6 6 8 10 2 2 12 2 12 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 6 4 8 8 12 4 8 6 12 8 12 12 4 6 4 4 2 10 4 10 8 12 2 10 10 8 10 4 2 8 8 4 6 6 12 10 2 6 8

10 12 4 8 4 6 8 8 8 4 2 10 4 10 6 10 12 10 10 8 10 6 6 8 8 10 4 10 4 12 6 14 10 6 6 6 4 4 12 2 8 10 12 4 12 10 8 10 6 2 6 6 4 6 4 10 12 4 6 10

gk

A 108 s–1 4.08E-02 4.3E-02 1.9E-02 1.1E-03 2.73E-01 1.5E-04 2.66E-02 4.08E-01 1.00E+00 2.56E-01 3.3E-01 1.06E+00 3.4E-02 1.53E+00 1.83E-01 2.1E-02 1.26E-01 2.0E-01 3.2E-02 1.55E-01 5.0E-03 1.6E-02 2.5E-02 3.22E-02 3.10E-01 1.2E-02 2.9E-02 3.40E-02 3.37E-01 9.7E-03 4.5E-02 2.4E-02 6.9E-02 7.6E-01 4.55E-01 5.1E-01 5.4E-02 9.8E-02 1.9E-02 8.6E-01 1.47E+00 5.8E-01 7.7E-02 7.6E-01 1.49E-01 4.3E-03 1.5E-02 1.40E-02 9.6E-02 5.5E-01 1.57E+00 1.7E-04 5.1E-01 9.9E-01 1.59E+00 5.3E-02 4.6E-02 1.65E-02 2.3E-02 9.2E-02

5/4/05 8:07:58 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 2856.15 2856.38 2856.91 2857.17 2857.42 2858.34 2861.17 2864.97 2868.87 2869.16 2869.31 2869.70 2870.61 2871.06 2871.13 2872.38 2873.40 2875.35 2876.80 2879.25 2880.76 2883.71 2884.76 2885.93 2886.24 2887.31 2888.10 2892.83 2894.78 2895.22 2897.27 2902.32 2902.46 2906.12 2907.86 2910.76 2916.15 2917.08 2917.47 2922.02 2926.59 2934.49 2939.51 2944.40 2945.26 2947.65 2949.18 2953.77 2954.05 2959.60 2959.84 2961.28 2964.13 2964.62 2965.03 2965.41 2968.74 2969.94 2970.52 2970.69

Section 10.indb 119

gi

10 6 8 6 6 10 4 8 6 8 4 8 8 10 12 10 8 8 8 10 8 12 6 14 12 6 4 4 10 8 6 6 10 2 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 6 4 6 6 10 6 8 8 8 4 8 2 4 6 8 8 4 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

10 8 8 8 6 12 4 8 6 10 6 6 10 12 10 8 10 10 8 8 8 14 8 12 10 4 6 6 12 10 4 8 10 4 6 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 4 2 6 4 8 8 8 6 6 2 6 2 4 4 10 6 6 8

8

10-119 λ

–1

5.0E-02 4.42E-01 1.32E+00 1.22E-01 2.0E-02 4.85E-01 1.7E-03 4.3E-02 7.3E-03 1.4E-02 4.04E-01 1.1E-02 7.5E-03 2.2E-02 3.0E-02 1.70E-01 4.56E-01 1.35E-01 9.56E-02 3.6E-02 2.21E-02 1.48E-01 2.46E-01 3.8E-02 6.9E-03 1.9E-02 6.1E-02 1.8E-03 5.7E-02 1.09E-01 1.8E-01 8.81E-03 3.2E-02 4.4E-02 1.3E-03 1.5E-02 4.8E-04 2.7E-02 1.4E-03 3.8E-02 5.1E-02 5.6E-03 4.0E-03 3.5E-01 5.6E-04 2.01E-01 2.45E-01 5.2E-02 1.2E-02 9.7E-02 1.36E-01 8.9E-03 4.6E-02 6.5E-02 9.43E-02 1.1E-02 2.4E-03 2.28E-01 2.70E-02 4.15E-02

Å 2975.94 2978.85 2979.35 2980.96 2982.06 2984.82 2985.54 2997.30 2998.85 3000.06 3002.32 3002.65 3004.26 3020.01 3021.42 3036.96 3044.84 3048.99 3056.80 3062.24 3065.32 3070.69 3071.12 3076.44 3077.17 3078.68 3089.38 3096.29 3101.89 3105.17 3105.55 3106.57 3114.30 3114.69 3116.58 3129.01 3131.72 3133.05 3135.36 3144.75 3146.75 3154.20 3155.95 3162.80 3163.09 3166.67 3167.86 3170.34 3177.53 3179.50 3180.15 3183.11 3185.32 3186.74 3187.30 3192.07 3192.91 3193.80 3193.86 3196.07

gi

2 10 2 6 4 6 2 6 6 8 6 4 8 12 8 6 8 4 14 12 6 10 2 4 14 6 6 8 6 4 2 8 4 2 6 8 12 4 6 8 10 10 10 8 6 6 8 4 8 6 4 4 2 4 10 8 6 2 8 6

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 10 4 8 6 6 4 8 8 6 8 6 8 10 6 6 10 4 12 10 6 8 4 6 12 8 8 8 8 2 2 8 4 4 4 10 10 6 6 6 10 10 8 8 6 4 8 2 8 8 6 6 4 4 10 10 6 2 8 8

8

Weights

λ –1

9.1E-03 7.2E-03 1.61E-02 1.1E-02 2.41E-01 4.29E-01 2.39E-01 8.6E-02 4.2E-03 3.0E-02 2.0E-02 1.79E-01 8.6E-03 6.4E-04 3.8E-03 2.22E-01 1.2E-02 3.84E-01 1.7E-02 1.36E-01 2.9E-02 1.28E-02 2.59E-01 3.75E-01 1.35E-01 5.5E-01 2.2E-02 1.9E-02 9.1E-03 7.5E-02 7.0E-02 1.88E-02 6.4E-02 2.5E-02 5.5E-02 2.3E-03 6.6E-03 1.5E-02 8.8E-02 2.7E-02 4.9E-06 2.06E-01 4.17E-03 5.5E-02 1.92E-03 1.4E-03 1.59E-01 8.2E-03 1.74E-01 1.11E-01 7.7E-02 9.80E-03 3.00E-03 3.85E-02 5.0E-02 5.2E-03 1.27E-02 5.4E-02 3.86E-02 1.61E-02

Å 3210.44 3211.08 3213.31 3227.74 3231.71 3232.78 3237.40 3237.82 3241.69 3243.72 3247.17 3247.39 3255.89 3257.36 3258.77 3259.05 3266.94 3267.04 3268.51 3269.77 3273.49 3276.60 3277.35 3279.64 3281.29 3285.41 3289.35 3295.23 3295.82 3297.88 3302.86 3303.46 3304.43 3313.99 3323.06 3325.01 3360.11 3366.97 3381.01 3388.14 3395.33 3398.36 3416.02 3425.57 3436.11 3442.22 3453.62 3456.92 3463.96 3464.50 3468.68 3475.74 3487.99 3493.47 3494.67 3495.62 3499.88 3503.47 3507.40 3508.20

gi

2 6 4 6 6 8 4 2 8 10 4 8 8 8 6 8 10 8 8 10 8 6 8 10 6 4 8 6 4 6 6 2 6 2 8 8 12 8 6 8 8 14 4 6 8 8 8 8 6 10 8 6 4 10 4 10 8 2 2 2

4 8 6 8 8 6 4 4 8 8 6 8 8 6 8 10 10 10 6 8 8 8 10 10 6 2 8 8 4 4 8 2 8 4 10 8 12 6 4 10 8 14 2 8 6 6 10 6 6 8 8 8 6 10 6 8 8 2 4 4

gk

A 108 s–1 3.63E-02 2.1E-03 6.12E-02 8.9E-02 1.4E-02 5.0E-02 1.8E-02 6.8E-02 1.9E-03 5.1E-02 7.1E-02 6.0E-03 2.78E-03 1.5E-03 9.39E-02 6.7E-02 4.5E-03 2.0E-04 6.8E-03 5.2E-03 8.5E-03 1.0E-02 3.31E-03 5.8E-03 2.31E-03 4.5E-04 2.1E-02 3.6E-03 2.04E-03 1.0E-02 2.78E-04 6.5E-04 2.0E-03 1.4E-04 1.4E-02 3.35E-03 2.1E-03 2.2E-02 3.0E-02 3.8E-04 3.66E-03 2.5E-03 2.6E-03 2.1E-04 5.7E-03 3.2E-03 8.5E-03 7.1E-03 7.6E-05 2.2E-03 2.0E-02 1.7E-04 1.7E-04 3.2E-02 7.1E-04 2.62E-03 4.29E-03 2.6E-04 4.1E-04 1.2E-04

5/4/05 8:08:00 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-120 λ Å 3614.88 3621.27 3624.89 3632.29 3711.98 3748.48 3759.46 3814.12 3824.93 3827.08 3906.04 3914.50 3935.96 3938.29 3938.97 3945.21 3974.17 4024.55 4075.95 4087.28 4122.67 4124.79 4128.75 4173.46 4178.86 4180.98 4233.17 4258.15 4273.33 4296.57 4303.18 4351.77 4369.41 4384.32 4385.39 4413.60 4416.83 4472.93 4489.18 4491.41 4508.29 4515.34 4520.22 4522.63 4534.17 4541.52 4549.19 4549.47 4555.89 4576.34 4582.84 4583.84 4620.52 4629.34 4635.32 4656.98 4666.76 4670.18 4720.15 4731.45

Section 10.indb 120

gi

8 2 2 10 4 6 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 6 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 2 12 2 10 2 6 8 4 4 6 10 6 4 4 4 8 8 6 6 10 8 10 6 6 8 6 4 6

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 4 2 10 6 4 2 6 6 8 8 4 10 6 6 4 6 6 4 4 6 8 4 6 8 4 8 4 2 6 4 6 4 10 2 10 4 4 6 4 2 6 8 4 6 4 6 6 8 6 8 8 8 10 8 6 10 8 6 8

8

λ –1

4.2E-03 2.2E-02 2.4E-02 1.2E-03 1.5E-03 3.4E-02 3.2E-02 4.9E-03 3.2E-05 2.5E-03 1.1E-02 4.6E-05 8.3E-03 6.1E-05 8.4E-03 3.9E-05 6.3E-05 2.5E-03 1.6E-05 3.0E-05 3.3E-04 3.4E-05 2.6E-04 4.43E-03 1.72E-03 2.2E-04 7.22E-03 3.1E-04 9.1E-04 7.0E-04 2.20E-03 4.86E-03 2.3E-04 7.2E-05 4.5E-03 2.2E-05 2.1E-03 2.5E-04 5.9E-04 1.89E-03 7.3E-03 2.37E-03 9.8E-04 8.4E-03 2.3E-04 8.6E-04 9.2E-03 1.00E-02 2.26E-03 6.4E-04 3.44E-04 7.22E-03 2.53E-04 1.72E-03 1.0E-02 1.37E-04 1.3E-04 3.2E-05 7.5E-06 2.8E-04

Å 4833.20 4840.00 4893.82 4923.93 4990.51 4993.36 5000.74 5001.96 5018.44 5030.63 5035.71 5100.66 5132.67 5136.80 5144.35 5149.47 5169.03 5197.58 5227.48 5234.62 5247.95 5251.23 5262.48 5264.18 5264.81 5272.40 5276.00 5284.11 5306.18 5316.22 5316.62 5316.78 5325.55 5387.06 5395.86 5402.06 5414.07 5425.26 5427.83 5429.99 5465.93 5482.31 5493.83 5506.19 5510.78 5525.12 5529.05 5534.85 5544.76 5607.14 5627.50 5725.96 5783.63 5813.68 5823.15 5824.41 5885.01 5902.83 5955.70 5961.71

gi

12 10 8 6 6 10 2 12 6 10 10 10 10 6 4 8 6 6 12 8 4 6 4 8 6 6 10 6 6 14 12 8 8 12 6 10 8 10 12 8 6 10 8 12 10 10 6 12 12 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 4 8 6 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

10 8 6 4 8 8 4 14 6 10 12 8 10 4 6 10 8 4 14 6 6 8 6 10 4 6 8 8 8 14 10 6 8 14 8 12 8 10 10 10 8 12 10 14 12 8 6 10 12 8 6 6 10 4 10 6 6 10 8 12

8

Weights

λ –1

4.6E-06 4.0E-06 2.5E-05 4.28E-02 5.2E-01 6.9E-05 1.8E-05 1.57E+00 2.0E-02 7.1E-01 9.4E-01 2.0E-05 2.0E-05 2.8E-05 8.5E-01 9.0E-01 4.22E-02 5.4E-03 1.22E+00 2.5E-03 1.43E+00 8.0E-01 8.0E-07 4.76E-01 3.52E-04 3.9E-03 3.76E-03 1.9E-04 3.28E-01 3.69E-01 3.89E-03 6.5E-04 8.0E-04 5.2E-01 5.5E-01 5.6E-01 9.4E-05 9.2E-05 5.9E-03 6.0E-01 6.2E-01 4.78E-01 4.01E-01 1.14E+00 2.28E-01 3.17E-05 2.01E-01 3.0E-04 2.49E-01 4.63E-05 2.93E-05 5.1E-06 4.62E-01 8.8E-04 2.0E-04 8.3E-07 6.4E-01 4.98E-01 4.19E-01 7.4E-01

Å

gi

gk

A 108 s–1

5965.62 5991.38 6084.11 6113.32 6129.70 6147.74 6149.26 6175.15 6179.38 6238.39 6239.95 6247.56 6305.30 6331.95 6369.46 6383.72 6416.92 6432.68 6446.41 6456.38 6516.08 7222.39 7224.49 7301.56 7320.65 7449.33 7462.41 7479.69 7515.83 7711.72

10 12 10 8 10 4 2 8 8 4 2 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 6 4 2 6 6 4 6 6 8 8

10 10 8 6 10 2 2 8 6 4 4 4 10 8 4 6 6 6 10 6 8 2 2 6 4 6 6 8 6 8

2.19E-01 4.2E-05 3.0E-05 1.7E-05 3.2E-06 1.3E-03 1.3E-03 1.8E-03 4.6E-04 7.5E-04 1.1E-04 1.6E-03 1.4E-03 1.8E-03 1.40E-04 1.1E-03 3.6E-04 8.5E-05 1.3E-03 1.7E-03 8.3E-05 2.5E-04 2.8E-04 2.1E-05 1.4E-04 1.68E-04 2.7E-04 3.5E-05 8.1E-05 4.94E-04

Fe III 1843.4 1844.3 1846.9 1854.38 1865.20 1893.98 1896.80 1904.3 1907.58 1915.08 1922.79 1930.39 1931.51 1937.35 1943.48 1950.33 1951.01 1952.65 1953.32 1987.50

9 7 5 3 7 11 13 5 15 13 11 9 9 7 5 13 11 9 7 13

7 5 3 1 7 9 11 5 13 15 13 11 11 9 7 15 11 9 7 13

4.8E+00 4.9E+00 5.5E+00 5.7E+00 6.1E+00 5.5E+00 5.0E+00 5.7E+00 5.3E+00 6.0E+00 5.5E+00 5.1E+00 5.3E+00 5.1E+00 5.0E+00 5.5E+00 5.3E+00 4.9E+00 5.1E+00 4.9E+00

Fe VII 150.807 150.852 151.023 151.046 151.145 151.432 151.512

5 7 9 7 9 5 5

7 9 11 7 9 7 5

1.3E+03 1.3E+03 1.6E+03 2.2E+02 2.1E+02 2.2E+02 5.3E+02

5/4/05 8:08:02 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

151.675 151.782 154.307 154.335 154.363 154.565 154.650 154.848 154.921 154.941 154.949 155.994 158.481 165.087 165.919 166.365 173.441 176.744 176.928 177.172 235.221 240.053 243.379

7 9 3 5 3 5 5 1 3 3 5 9 9 1 7 9 9 9 7 5 5 3 9

Fe VIII 112.472 112.486 116.196 117.197 167.486 168.172 168.545 168.929 185.213 186.601

4 6 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 4

4 6 6 8 4 6 4 2 8 6

3.6E+02 4.3E+02 4.5E+02 3.8E+02 3.0E+03 3.1E+03 2.0E+03 2.1E+03 1.0E+03 9.4E+02

Fe X 76.822 77.865 100.026 101.733 101.846 102.095 102.192 102.829 103.319 103.724 104.638 174.534 175.266

2 4 8 6 4 10 10 4 6 6 8 4 2

2 6 10 8 6 12 12 6 8 8 10 6 4

1.8E+03 1.6E+03 2.6E+03 1.8E+03 1.7E+03 2.9E+03 2.9E+03 2.1E+03 2.6E+03 1.7E+03 2.1E+03 1.8E+03 1.72E+03

Fe XI 72.166 72.310 72.635 91.394 91.472 91.63 91.63 91.63 91.733

5 5 5 5 7 3 7 5 9

7 5 7 7 9 5 9 7 11

2.9E+03 1.5E+03 1.6E+03 2.6E+03 2.5E+03 2.3E+03 3.4E+03 2.8E+03 4.1E+03

Section 10.indb 121

7 9 1 7 3 3 5 3 5 3 7 11 9 3 5 7 9 9 7 5 3 1 7

8

10-121

3.9E+02 2.4E+02 8.9E+02 1.2E+03 4.2E+02 3.5E+02 8.8E+02 7.7E+02 9.7E+02 2.4E+02 1.0E+03 1.8E+03 2.3E+02 6.9E+02 2.8E+03 2.9E+03 3.6E+03 2.7E+03 2.4E+03 1.5E+03 1.7E+02 1.3E+02 2.1E+02

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

Weights

λ –1

92.81 92.87 93.433 179.762

9 11 9 5

11 13 11 7

3.7E+03 3.9E+03 3.2E+03 1.67E+03

Fe XII 65.905 66.526 66.960 67.164 67.821 68.382 80.541 81.943 82.226 84.48 84.48 84.52 84.52 84.85 85.14 85.477 186.880 192.394 193.509 195.119

4 6 4 4 4 2 6 6 4 4 8 10 6 6 8 10 6 4 4 4

4 8 6 2 6 4 6 4 2 6 10 12 8 8 10 12 8 2 4 6

2.0E+03 1.7E+03 1.6E+03 1.1E+03 1.4E+03 1.7E+03 8.7E+02 1.4E+03 1.9E+03 4.5E+03 4.9E+03 5.2E+03 4.0E+03 2.3E+03 3.4E+03 4.6E+03 1.0E+03 9.0E+02 9.1E+02 8.6E+02

Fe XIII 62.353 62.46 62.699 63.188 64.139 74.845 75.892 76.117 78.452 84.270 107.384

1 5 3 5 1 5 5 5 9 7 7

3 7 5 7 3 5 3 3 11 9 5

2.0E+03 1.2E+03 2.3E+03 3.9E+03 2.1E+03 1.0E+03 7.7E+02 2.1E+03 6.3E+03 5.5E+03 1.8E+03

Fe XIV 58.963 59.579 69.176 69.386 69.66 69.66 70.251 70.613 72.80 76.022 76.152 91.009 91.273 188 190 207 211.316 213 214 216

2 4 4 2 2 6 6 4 10 4 6 6 4 4 6 2 2 4 2 6

4 6 6 4 2 6 4 2 12 6 8 4 2 6 8 2 4 2 2 8

2.7E+03 3.1E+03 5.6E+02 7.6E+02 8.9E+02 1.3E+03 8.1E+02 1.7E+03 7.9E+03 6.6E+03 7.0E+03 5.1E+02 5.6E+02 2.7E+02 2.8E+02 2.1E+02 3.6E+02 2.8E+02 4.0E+02 1.7E+02

Å

gi

8 6 4 6 6 4 6 4 2 4 4 4 6 2 2 2 6 8 4

gk

A 108 s–1

217 217 219 219 219.123 220 221 226 234 264.787 265 266 268 268 270.524 274.203 280 283 288.45

6 6 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 6 6 4 4 2 4 6 6

4.0E+02 2.6E+02 4.8E+02 2.4E+02 3.9E+02 3.2E+02 5.9E+02 3.9E+02 2.8E+02 3.38E+02 1.5E+02 1.7E+02 2.1E+02 3.3E+02 2.1E+02 1.8E+02 2.8E+02 2.7E+02 1.6E+02

Fe XV 38.95 52.911 59.404 63.959 65.370 65.612 66.238 68.860 69.7 69.942 69.989 70.052 70.224 70.53 70.59 73.199 73.473 233.857 235 243 243 243.790 248 284.160

1 1 3 5 1 3 5 9 3 3 5 7 1 7 7 7 5 5 1 1 5 3 3 1

3 3 5 7 3 3 3 11 1 5 7 9 3 5 7 9 7 7 3 3 7 5 1 3

1.69E+03 2.94E+03 3.4E+03 1.6E+03 3.2E+02 9.8E+02 1.6E+03 9.2E+03 1.9E+03 7.4E+03 7.9E+03 8.8E+03 4.13E+03 2.6E+02 1.7E+03 8.8E+03 6.2E+03 2.2E+02 2.5E+02 2.4E+02 2.3E+02 4.2E+02 5.4E+02 2.28E+02

Fe XVI 31.041 31.242 32.166 32.192 32.433 32.652 34.857 35.106 35.333 35.368 36.01 36.749 36.803 37.096

2 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 4 6 4 2 2 4

4 6 4 2 4 6 4 6 6 8 2 4 2 6

5.2E+02 6.1E+02 6.8E+02 6.7E+02 7.7E+02 9.1E+02 1.23E+03 1.44E+03 6.4E+02 6.8E+02 5.0E+02 1.1E+03 1.2E+03 1.0E+03

5/4/05 8:08:04 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-122 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

37.138 39.827 40.153 40.161 40.199 40.245 41.91 42.30 46.661 46.718 50.350 50.555 54.142 54.728 54.769 62.879 63.719 66.263 66.368 66.392 76.502 76.796 80.192 80.270 85.587 86.133 96.256 96.348 117.2 117.7 123.4 124.5 144.06 144.25 148 266.7 267.0

6 2 4 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 4 6

Fe XVII 11.023 12.123 12.264 12.526 12.681 13.823 13.891 15.015 15.262 16.777 17.054 41.37 49.427 50.26 58.76

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 3 7 9

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 11 3 9 11

2.1E+04 8.0E+04 5.9E+04 3.0E+03 3.5E+03 3.3E+04 3.4E+03 2.28E+05 6.0E+04 8.29E+03 9.33E+03 4.8E+03 4.0E+03 6.0E+03 1.2E+04

Fe XIX 13.413 13.426 13.47 13.520 13.56

5 5 3 5 3

3 7 1 7 5

1.3E+04 4.8E+04 1.5E+05 2.0E+05 1.0E+04

Section 10.indb 122

8 4 6 4 6 8 2 2 6 8 4 2 4 6 4 2 2 6 8 6 4 2 6 8 4 6 6 8 4 2 4 6 6 8 2 6 8

8

1.07E+03 2.1E+03 2.5E+03 4.1E+02 1.7E+03 1.8E+03 4.72E+02 9.2E+02 3.46E+03 3.7E+03 1.86E+03 1.98E+03 3.41E+03 4.16E+03 6.97E+02 1.05E+03 2.18E+03 9.39E+03 1.00E+04 6.69E+02 6.7E+02 7.72E+02 5.2E+02 5.4E+02 4.0E+02 4.8E+02 8.7E+02 9.3E+02 3.93E+02 3.9E+02 5.9E+02 7.0E+02 1.6E+03 1.6E+03 6.5E+02 3.9E+02 4.3E+02

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

1 7 3 5 7 7 5 3 3 7 3 3 3 5 3 1

8

Weights

λ –1

13.68 13.69 13.700 13.71 13.738 13.796 13.83 13.934 13.961 14.668 14.671 14.929 14.966 14.995 15.015 16.668

3 5 1 5 5 5 5 1 3 5 5 3 5 5 1 3

8.0E+04 2.3E+04 2.7E+05 2.2E+04 1.0E+04 7.0E+04 1.4E+04 4.51E+04 2.0E+04 1.1E+04 1.1E+04 1.2E+04 2.5E+04 2.2E+04 1.4E+04 1.1E+04

Fe XX 12.67 12.69 12.73 12.77 12.78 12.78 12.79 12.82 12.88 12.89 12.90 12.90 12.92 12.93 12.93 12.98 12.99 13.00 13.01 13.03 13.07 13.13 13.24 13.28 13.70 13.71 13.78 13.79 13.83 13.90 13.98 13.99 14.05 14.23

6 4 4 4 4 2 6 4 6 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 6 6 2 4 6 2 4 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 6 4 4 2

6 6 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 6 4 6 2 2 6 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 6 2 4 6 2 2 4 2 4 2

1.0E+04 1.2E+04 4.0E+04 2.1E+05 6.9E+04 1.4E+05 1.7E+04 1.1E+05 2.7E+04 4.4E+04 6.2E+03 1.4E+05 1.7E+04 1.6E+05 1.2E+04 6.7E+04 5.1E+04 1.1E+04 3.0E+04 8.6E+04 8.2E+03 8.9E+04 1.2E+04 6.1E+03 1.1E+04 9.9E+03 1.0E+04 1.2E+04 9.8E+03 1.2E+04 1.6E+04 2.2E+04 1.7E+04 6.3E+03

Fe XXI 8.53 8.53 8.53 8.56 8.56 8.56 8.64

3 3 3 5 1 5 5

1 5 3 7 3 3 7

1.8E+04 6.1E+03 1.5E+04 2.0E+04 2.1E+04 6.5E+03 1.5E+04

Å 8.65 8.66 8.74 9.42 9.42 9.44 9.45 9.46 9.47 9.47 9.52 9.58 9.59 9.67 9.68 9.74 12.02 12.13 12.18 12.19 12.21 12.21 12.25 12.28 12.30 12.36 12.37 12.38 12.47 12.47 12.49 12.53 12.57 12.73 12.95 13.00 13.03 13.14 13.41

5 5 1 3 3 3 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 1 5 5 1 3 5 5 3 3 1 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 3 1 5 3 1

Fe XXII 9.002 9.006 9.006 9.163 9.183 9.241 11.748 11.748 11.748 11.763 11.789 11.789 11.797 11.823 11.837 11.837 11.886 11.898 11.922

4 6 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 6 2 6 6 6 4 2 4

gi

7 5 3 1 3 5 3 3 7 5 3 5 5 3 7 3 3 3 7 3 1 3 3 3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7 5 3 5 5 3 5 1 3 6 8 6 6 8 6 4 6 2 4 2 8 4 4 8 6 6 4 6

gk

A 108 s–1 3.9E+04 4.4E+03 2.5E+04 4.3E+04 3.3E+04 1.7E+04 5.2E+04 1.5E+04 4.9E+04 6.1E+03 8.1E+03 5.2E+03 1.0E+04 5.7E+04 4.0E+03 5.3E+03 1.3E+04 1.8E+04 2.2E+04 6.4E+03 1.5E+05 1.2E+05 2.1E+05 5.2E+04 2.1E+05 3.6E+04 3.1E+05 6.9E+03 5.8E+04 1.3E+04 1.3E+04 1.5E+04 7.2E+04 8.2E+03 6.2E+03 7.2E+03 1.3E+04 2.0E+04 7.3E+03 5.5E+04 5.7E+04 5.3E+04 6.9E+04 8.3E+04 5.1E+04 1.2E+05 1.6E+05 1.8E+05 1.6E+05 2.6E+05 1.2E+05 1.7E+05 7.9E+04 2.3E+05 1.7E+05 1.3E+05 8.2E+04 1.8E+05

5/4/05 8:08:07 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

11.976 12.027 12.045 12.045 12.053 12.077 12.077 12.095 12.193 12.193 12.325

6 2 6 4 4 2 4 6 2 4 2

Fe XXIII 7.733 7.849 8.307 8.529 8.550 8.552 8.614 8.664 8.669 8.672 8.752 8.764 8.814 10.902 10.910 10.927 10.934 10.979 11.018 11.086 11.165 11.255 11.298 11.325 11.338 11.429 11.433 11.441 11.445 11.485 11.491 11.519 11.520 11.524 11.593 11.613 11.615 11.691 11.698 11.737 11.898

5 5 1 1 3 3 5 3 5 1 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 1 1 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 5 5 1 5 5 3 3 5 5 3 1

7 7 3 3 5 3 7 3 7 3 7 7 5 5 1 7 5 3 3 1 5 3 3 5 3 1 3 7 5 5 3 5 3 7 7 5 3 7 5 5 3

3.0E+04 4.9E+04 4.8E+04 4.3E+04 6.0E+04 3.2E+04 7.7E+04 4.4E+04 6.1E+04 6.8E+04 1.2E+05 4.6E+04 6.2E+04 5.3E+04 6.7E+04 6.0E+04 5.4E+04 7.9E+04 4.9E+04 6.5E+04 6.7E+04 3.7E+04 1.3E+05 1.7E+05 9.3E+04 1.7E+05 1.2E+05 2.2E+05 5.6E+04 1.40E+05 5.9E+04 1.16E+05 2.16E+05 2.3E+05 3.58E+05 1.0E+05 4.4E+04 7.7E+04 7.3E+04 1.8E+05 2.03E+05

Fe XXIV 1.8523 1.8552 1.8563 1.8572 1.858

2 2 4 2 2

2 4 2 2 4

1.0E+05 4.82E+06 2.43E+06 3.06E+06 1.2E+05

Section 10.indb 123

8 4 8 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 2

8

10-123

5.9E+04 6.9E+04 2.4E+05 9.7E+04 6.1E+04 1.0E+05 2.4E+05 7.8E+04 7.2E+04 9.9E+04 1.5E+05

Å 1.8614 1.8626 1.8627 1.8637 1.8655 1.8672 1.8678 1.8721 1.8721 1.8730 1.8739 1.891 1.897 8.231 8.316 10.619 10.663 11.030 11.171

4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4

Fe XXV 1.4607 1.4945 1.5730 1.5749 1.778 1.782 1.787 1.787 1.788 1.788 1.789 1.790 1.791 1.791 1.792 1.792 1.793 1.794 1.797 1.798 1.800 1.802 1.810 1.8502 1.8593 10.038

1 1 1 1 3 3 1 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 4 2 2 6 2 4 6 2 4 4 2 2 4 6 4 2 4 6 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 1 5 1 3 5 3 3 1 1 3 3 3

8

6.24E+06 3.16E+06 5.47E+06 1.91E+06 2.14E+06 1.63E+06 3.5E+05 3.2E+05 2.0E+05 1.5E+05 8.3E+04 9.7E+04 9.8E+04 6.10E+04 7.07E+04 7.28E+04 7.51E+04 1.84E+05 2.18E+05 2.54E+05 5.05E+05 1.24E+06 1.5E+05 8.7E+04 4.69E+06 2.57E+06 1.19E+06 2.68E+06 1.63E+06 1.78E+06 1.23E+06 4.10E+06 2.59E+06 4.92E+06 2.81E+06 2.67E+06 2.22E+06 8.8E+05 1.0E+05 8.6E+04 4.1E+05 5.9E+05 4.57E+06 4.42E+05 8.08E+04

Krypton Kr I 1164.9 1235.8 4274.0 4351.4 4362.6 4376.1 4400.0 4410.4 4425.2 4453.9

1 1 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 5 1 3 1 5 3 3 5

Weights

λ –1

3.16E+00 3.12E+00 2.6E-02 3.2E-02 8.4E-03 5.6E-02 2.0E-02 4.4E-03 9.7E-03 7.8E-03

Å

gi

3 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 1 5 1 3 3 3 5 7 5 5 3 3 3 5 3

gk

A 108 s–1

4463.7 4502.4 5562.2 5570.3 5649.6 5870.9 6904.7 7224.1 7587.4 7601.5 7685.2 7694.5 7854.8 8059.5 8104.4 8112.9 8190.1 8263.2 8281.1 8298.1 8508.9 8776.7 8928.7

3 3 5 5 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 1 1 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 5

2.3E-02 9.2E-03 2.8E-03 2.1E-02 3.7E-03 1.8E-02 1.3E-02 1.4E-02 5.1E-01 3.1E-01 4.9E-01 5.6E-02 2.3E-01 1.9E-01 1.3E-01 3.6E-01 1.1E-01 3.5E-01 1.9E-01 3.2E-01 2.4E-01 2.7E-01 3.7E-01

Kr II 4250.6 4292.9 4355.5 4431.7 4436.8 4577.2 4583.0 4615.3 4619.2 4633.9 4658.9 4739.0 4762.4 4765.7 4811.8 4825.2 4832.1 5208.3 5308.7 7407.0

4 4 6 2 2 6 6 4 4 4 6 6 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 6

4 4 8 2 4 8 4 4 6 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 6

1.2E-01 9.6E-01 1.0E+00 1.8E+00 6.6E-01 9.6E-01 7.6E-01 5.4E-01 8.1E-01 7.1E-01 6.5E-01 7.6E-01 4.2E-01 6.7E-01 1.7E-01 1.9E-01 7.3E-01 1.4E-01 2.4E-02 7.0E-02

1 1 1 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 5

3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 5 5

5.2E-02 1.2E-01 1.5E+00 1.9E-01 2.5E-01 2.8E-01 5.0E-01 2.7E-01 1.9E+00 3.1E-02 9.8E-04 7.1E-01

Lead Pb I 2022.0 2053.3 2170.0 2401.9 2446.2 2476.4 2577.3 2613.7 2614.2 2628.3 2657.1 2663.2

5/4/05 8:08:09 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-124 λ Å 2802.0 2823.2 2833.1 2873.3 3572.7 3639.6 3671.5 3683.5 3739.9 4019.6 4057.8 4062.1 4168.0 5005.4 5201.4 7229.0

5 5 1 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 5

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 5 3 5 3 3 3 1 5 7 3 3 5 3 3 3

8

λ –1

10 s

14 4 4 2 14 4 2

Mg IV 320.99 323.31 1219.0 1375.5 1459.6 1495.5 1510.7 1683.0 1698.8 1893.9

4 2 6 4 6 4 4 6 4 6

2 2 6 4 4 6 4 8 6 6

1.2E+02 5.9E+01 5.9E+00 4.5E+00 4.6E+00 6.4E+00 6.7E+00 5.8E+00 3.9E+00 2.8E+00

Mg VI *269.92 *292.53 *314.64 *349.15 *387.94 399.29 400.68 403.32

10 6 6 10 6 4 4 4

6 6 2 10 10 2 4 6

3.1E+02 9.0E+01 1.8E+02 6.1E+01 1.3E+01 2.8E+01 2.8E+01 2.7E+01

Mg VII 277.01 278.41 280.74 319.02 *366.42 *433.04 1334.3 1410.0 1487.0 1487.9

3 5 5 5 9 9 5 5 3 5

3 3 3 5 9 15 5 5 5 7

9.5E+01 1.5E+02 2.0E+02 8.9E+01 4.4E+01 1.6E+01 5.3E+00 2.57E+00 3.02E+00 3.66E+00

Mg VIII *74.976 315.02 *342.29 353.86 356.00 *428.52 *434.62 *489.33 *686.92

6 4 10 4 6 10 6 6 6

10 4 6 4 4 10 10 6 10

4.3E+03 1.2E+02 6.3E+01 3.89E+01 5.7E+01 3.24E+01 1.6E+01 3.9E+01 9.4E+00

Mg IX 62.751 *67.189 *71.965 72.312 77.737 368.07 438.69 *443.74 749.55

1 9 9 3 3 1 3 9 3

3 15 3 5 1 3 1 9 5

2.87E+03 6.20E+03 1.22E+03 4.43E+03 3.92E+02 5.27E+01 7.9E+01 4.19E+01 8.2E+00

1.3E-02 1.17E-02 2.23E-01 6.860E-01 3.691E-01

4 4 6 6 4

4 6 4 6 4

2.23E+00 5.9E-01 1.1E-02 2.5E-01 2.1E-01

Mg I 2025.8 *2779.8 *2850.0 2852.1 *3094.9 3329.9 3332.2 3336.7 *3835.3 4703.0 5167.3 5172.7 5183.6 5528.4

1 9 9 1 9 1 3 5 9 3 1 3 5 3

3 9 15 3 15 3 3 3 15 5 3 3 3 5

8.4E-01 5.2E+00 2.3E-01 4.95E+00 5.2E-01 3.3E-02 9.7E-02 1.6E-01 1.68E+00 2.55E-01 1.16E-01 3.46E-01 5.75E-01 1.99E-01

Mg II 1239.9 1240.4 *2660.8 2790.8 2795.5 2797.9 2798.1 2802.7 2928.8 2936.5

2 2 10 2 2 4 4 2 2 4

4 2 14 4 4 4 6 2 2 2

1.4E-02 1.4E-02 3.8E-01 4.0E+00 2.6E+00 7.9E-01 4.8E+00 2.6E+00 1.2E+00 2.3E+00

Lutetium

Magnesium

Weights

λ –1

10 6 4 4 10 2 2

6 6 10 10 6

Section 10.indb 124

gk

8

*3104.8 3848.2 3848.3 3850.4 *4481.2 9218.3 9244.3

2 2 6 6 2

Lu I 3376.5 3567.8 3620.3 3841.2 4518.6

gi

A

1.6E+00 2.6E-01 5.8E-01 3.7E-01 9.9E-01 3.4E-01 4.4E-01 1.5E+00 7.3E-01 3.5E-02 8.9E-01 9.2E-01 1.2E-02 2.7E-01 1.9E-01 8.9E-03

Lithium Li I *2741.2 *3232.7 *4602.9 *6103.6 *6707.8

Å

Weights

8.1E-01 2.8E-02 3.0E-03 3.0E-02 2.23E+00 3.6E-01 3.6E-01

Å

gi

5 3

gk

A 108 s–1

1639.8 2814.2

3 1

2.1E+00 3.35E-01

Mg X 57.876 57.920 63.152 63.295 609.79 624.94 2212.5 2278.7 5918.7 6229.6

2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 4

4 2 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 6

2.09E+03 2.09E+03 5.6E+03 6.7E+03 7.53E+00 7.01E+00 9.64E-01 8.82E-01 3.20E-02 3.30E-02

Mg XI 7.310 7.473 7.850 9.169

1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3

1.15E+04 2.27E+04 5.50E+04 1.97E+05

6 6 6 6 8 10 8 10 10 8 12 8 6 4 14 6 12 4 10 8 10 8 8 4 10 10 8 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 14 6 12 10

8 6 4 8 10 12 8 8 10 10 12 6 6 4 14 8 10 6 10 6 10 8 10 6 12 12 8 4 6 2 4 6 2 4 14 8 12 10

3.7E+00 3.6E+00 3.7E+00 1.8E-01 3.1E-01 2.9E-01 5.9E-01 5.7E-01 6.7E-01 1.7E-01 6.1E-01 4.6E-01 1.9E-01 3.7E-01 2.9E-01 2.7E-01 2.6E-01 1.7E-01 1.9E-01 2.3E-01 2.1E-01 2.7E-01 1.8E-01 2.2E-01 6.4E-01 1.9E-01 3.5E-01 2.2E-01 5.3E-01 2.3E-01 1.8E-01 5.0E-01 9.7E-01 3.8E-01 3.5E-01 3.3E-01 2.6E-01 2.7E-01

Manganese Mn I 2794.82 2798.27 2801.08 3007.65 3011.38 3016.45 3043.36 3044.57 3045.59 3045.80 3047.03 3054.36 3070.27 3073.18 3082.71 3110.68 3113.80 3118.10 3122.88 3126.85 3132.28 3132.79 3175.58 3201.11 3228.09 3230.23 3230.72 3240.88 3243.78 3251.13 3252.95 3256.14 3258.41 3260.24 3267.79 3268.72 3270.35 3273.02

5/4/05 8:08:11 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3298.23 3303.28 3463.66 3470.01 3511.83 3535.30 3559.81 3577.87 3595.11 3601.27 3607.53 3608.49 3610.30 3635.70 3660.40 3675.67 3676.96 3680.15 3682.09 3684.87 3706.08 3718.92 3731.94 3771.44 3773.86 3800.55 3806.72 3823.51 3823.89 3833.87 3834.37 3839.78 3841.07 3843.99 3889.46 3898.37 3899.34 3924.08 3926.48 3951.98 3952.84 3975.88 3982.16 3982.58 3982.90 3991.60 4011.91 4018.11 4030.76 4033.07 4034.49 4041.36 4048.75 4052.48 4055.55 4058.94 4061.74 4063.53 4065.08 4066.24

Section 10.indb 125

gi

6 4 8 6 12 10 6 10 6 12 8 6 4 10 12 6 10 12 8 6 12 10 8 14 12 6 10 8 6 4 6 2 4 2 12 6 4 2 6 2 6 2 4 6 6 2 8 10 6 6 6 10 6 6 8 4 8 6 12 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 4 8 8 12 10 6 8 4 10 8 6 4 8 14 8 12 10 10 8 14 12 10 14 12 8 12 10 6 4 8 2 6 4 14 8 6 4 8 2 6 4 2 4 4 2 8 8 8 6 4 10 4 8 8 2 6 6 14 8

8

10-125 λ

–1

2.8E-01 1.9E-01 3.2E-01 2.4E-01 2.7E-01 1.7E-01 2.1E-01 9.4E-01 1.8E-01 2.3E-01 2.3E-01 3.6E-01 4.2E-01 2.1E-01 9.1E-01 2.2E-01 7.3E-01 1.9E-01 7.6E-01 2.6E-01 1.4E+00 9.6E-01 1.0E+00 1.9E-01 2.5E-01 2.7E-01 5.9E-01 5.21E-01 2.31E-01 3.14E-01 4.29E-01 4.64E-01 3.3E-01 2.11E-01 3.1E-01 1.7E-01 2.4E-01 9.4E-01 5.4E-01 3.1E-01 4.1E-01 1.8E-01 3.5E-01 2.3E-01 5.5E-01 2.1E-01 2.3E-01 2.54E-01 1.7E-01 1.65E-01 1.58E-01 7.87E-01 7.5E-01 3.8E-01 4.31E-01 7.25E-01 1.9E-01 1.69E-01 2.5E-01 2.2E-01

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4070.28 4079.42 4082.95 4083.63 4089.94 4105.37 4135.03 4141.06 4148.80 4176.61 4189.99 4201.78 4235.30 4239.74 4257.67 4265.93 4281.10 4411.87 4414.89 4419.77 4436.36 4451.58 4453.01 4455.82 4457.04 4457.55 4458.26 4461.09 4462.03 4464.68 4470.14 4472.79 4479.40 4490.08 4498.90 4502.22 4605.37 4626.54 4709.71 4727.46 4739.11 4754.05 4761.53 4762.38 4765.86 4766.43 4783.43 4823.53 6013.48 6021.79

2 2 4 6 8 10 12 10 8 14 12 10 8 4 2 4 6 12 8 10 6 8 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 6 4 2 8 2 4 6 10 12 8 6 4 6 2 8 4 6 8 10 4 8

2 4 6 8 10 8 12 10 8 12 10 8 6 2 2 4 6 10 6 8 4 8 2 6 4 6 8 8 10 6 4 2 10 4 6 8 12 14 8 6 4 8 4 10 6 8 8 8 6 6

Mn II 2593.72 2605.68 2933.05 2939.31 2949.20 3441.99 3460.32 3474.13

7 7 5 5 5 9 7 5

7 5 3 5 7 7 5 3

8

Weights

λ –1

2.3E-01 3.8E-01 2.95E-01 2.8E-01 1.7E-01 1.7E-01 3.0E-01 2.6E-01 2.3E-01 2.4E-01 2.0E-01 2.3E-01 9.17E-01 3.9E-01 3.7E-01 4.92E-01 2.3E-01 2.6E-01 2.93E-01 2.1E-01 4.37E-01 7.98E-01 5.44E-01 1.7E-01 2.34E-01 4.27E-01 4.62E-01 1.7E-01 7.00E-01 4.39E-01 3.00E-01 4.35E-01 3.4E-01 2.49E-01 2.49E-01 1.86E-01 3.6E-01 3.6E-01 1.72E-01 1.7E-01 2.40E-01 3.03E-01 5.35E-01 7.83E-01 4.1E-01 4.6E-01 4.01E-01 4.99E-01 1.72E-01 3.32E-01 2.6E+00 2.7E+00 2.0E+00 1.9E+00 1.9E+00 4.3E-01 3.2E-01 1.5E-01

Å

gi

5 3

gk

A 108 s–1

3482.90 3488.68

5 3

2.0E-01 2.5E-01

Mn VI 307.999 309.440 309.579 310.058 310.182 311.748 320.598 320.681 320.874 320.979 321.176 321.541 325.146 328.431 328.558 329.043 1236.23 1255.77 1285.10 1333.87

9 9 7 7 5 5 3 1 3 3 5 5 9 5 3 1 5 3 5 7

9 7 5 7 5 3 5 3 1 3 5 3 7 5 5 3 3 1 7 9

3.7E+01 5.7E+01 4.4E+01 3.4E+01 2.8E+01 5.7E+01 1.5E+01 2.2E+01 7.8E+01 2.2E+01 6.0E+01 2.7E+01 1.3E+02 4.4E+01 1.2E+01 1.1E+01 1.3E+01 1.2E+01 1.1E+01 1.0E+01

1 3 3 1 3 3 5 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 1 3 1 3

3 5 5 3 1 3 3 3 7 5 5 5 3 7 5 3 1 1 5 5 3 1 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 1

8.00E-02 3.88E-01 1.1E-01 6.10E-02 1.1E-02 1.6E-01 7.7E-02 4.5E-01 5.09E-01 9.4E-02 2.0E-02 6.56E-01 1.68E-01 1.3E+00 1.8E-01 2.1E-01 4.0E-02 3.0E-02 2.88E-02 8.4E-02 5.57E-01 5.8E-02 2.7E-04 4.87E-01 2.36E-01 5.3E-03 4.3E-03 2.8E-02 9.7E-03 2.71E-01

5

7.34E-01

Mercury Hg I 2536.52 2652.04 2655.13 2752.78 2856.94 2893.60 2925.4 2967.3 3021.50 3023.48 3027.49 3125.66 3341.48 3650.15 3654.83 4046.56 4077.81 4108.1 4339.22 4347.50 4358.34 4916.07 5025.64 5460.75 5769.59 6234.4 6716.4 6907.5 7728.8 10139.79

Molybdenum Mo I 2616.79

3

5/4/05 8:08:13 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-126 λ Å 2621.06 2628.96 2629.85 2631.50 2638.30 2640.98 2644.36 2649.46 2655.02 2658.11 2665.09 2679.85 2684.16 2706.11 2710.74 2725.15 2728.71 2733.39 2743.71 2745.38 2751.47 2756.26 2761.53 2763.02 2766.25 2787.83 2792.96 2798.02 2801.47 2825.68 2826.75 2876.54 2886.60 2906.06 2913.52 2915.38 2918.84 2930.39 2936.50 2945.43 2945.66 2946.01 2951.45 2959.48 2972.96 2977.27 2978.28 2983.04 2987.92 2988.23 2988.68 2989.80 3000.24 3000.44 3000.85 3001.43 3007.71 3013.39 3016.78 3025.00

Section 10.indb 126

gi

7 3 5 1 5 7 5 7 9 7 7 9 9 3 3 3 3 5 1 13 7 5 9 3 3 9 5 7 5 5 7 9 11 3 5 5 5 1 11 7 3 5 9 9 5 9 7 1 3 5 7 9 9 5 5 5 7 7 9 5

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 3 7 3 5 5 7 9 7 7 9 11 9 5 3 5 3 7 3 11 9 3 11 1 5 7 3 5 7 7 7 9 11 3 3 3 3 3 11 7 3 5 9 11 3 7 5 3 5 7 9 7 9 5 7 5 5 5 9 5

8

λ –1

1.16E-01 2.81E-01 7.75E-01 2.54E-01 7.57E-01 1.20E+00 1.96E-01 9.84E-01 4.08E-01 6.43E-01 1.32E-01 1.31E+00 4.18E-01 2.03E-01 1.57E-01 2.79E-01 1.26E-01 2.95E-01 2.47E-01 1.29E-01 2.54E-01 1.18E-01 2.06E-01 4.44E-01 1.17E-01 2.85E-01 1.53E-01 1.22E-01 1.24E-01 2.53E-01 4.23E-01 2.84E-01 4.74E-01 8.04E-01 1.38E-01 7.31E-01 3.79E-01 1.91E-01 2.33E-01 3.66E-01 4.08E-01 1.68E-01 1.43E-01 1.75E-01 2.69E-01 3.28E-01 1.50E-01 2.82E-01 8.43E-01 4.28E-01 1.61E-01 9.27E-01 1.40E-01 1.25E-01 2.58E-01 2.31E-01 1.90E-01 6.06E-01 2.75E-01 8.49E-01

Å 3036.31 3041.70 3046.80 3047.31 3055.32 3057.56 3061.59 3064.27 3065.04 3069.51 3069.96 3070.89 3074.37 3079.88 3080.40 3081.16 3085.62 3089.13 3089.71 3094.66 3099.92 3100.88 3101.34 3106.34 3117.54 3123.03 3125.03 3132.59 3135.90 3136.75 3142.75 3147.35 3155.19 3158.17 3170.34 3171.38 3175.59 3179.78 3183.03 3184.58 3185.10 3185.71 3188.10 3188.41 3192.79 3193.98 3194.88 3195.96 3197.18 3198.85 3200.89 3205.22 3205.43 3205.89 3208.84 3210.97 3214.44 3215.07 3216.78 3221.73

gi

3 13 13 11 9 7 7 13 13 5 11 9 11 9 7 3 9 11 5 7 9 7 5 7 13 3 5 7 9 9 3 13 7 7 7 5 13 11 11 7 7 5 7 5 9 7 9 9 1 15 3 1 9 9 7 7 9 3 15 3

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 11 11 9 7 5 5 13 13 5 11 11 11 11 9 5 9 9 7 7 7 9 5 5 13 3 3 9 11 11 5 11 7 7 7 7 11 13 9 5 7 3 9 7 11 5 11 7 3 13 5 3 11 9 5 5 7 5 13 1

8

Weights

λ –1

5.81E-01 5.94E-01 1.63E-01 5.01E-01 4.29E-01 2.64E-01 4.41E-01 8.46E-01 3.08E-01 1.52E-01 2.72E-01 1.87E-01 1.42E+00 9.55E-01 3.61E-01 2.35E-01 1.63E+00 1.53E-01 2.34E-01 1.63E+00 1.45E-01 1.20E+00 1.92E+00 2.21E-01 1.89E-01 2.81E-01 1.98E-01 1.79E+00 3.68E-01 1.57E-01 4.10E-01 2.41E-01 2.75E-01 4.63E-01 1.37E+00 2.03E-01 8.40E-01 2.33E-01 3.98E-01 2.77E-01 2.54E-01 6.10E-01 3.45E-01 4.40E-01 1.88E-01 1.53E+00 1.75E-01 4.10E-01 1.47E-01 7.22E-01 1.82E-01 4.27E-01 2.55E-01 5.35E-01 2.77E-01 6.94E-01 2.01E-01 4.20E-01 2.10E-01 1.41E+00

Å 3228.21 3229.79 3233.14 3237.06 3244.47 3247.61 3249.93 3251.65 3256.21 3256.72 3259.16 3262.63 3264.40 3265.14 3266.16 3270.90 3276.07 3285.03 3285.35 3287.38 3289.01 3290.82 3305.56 3305.91 3307.13 3312.33 3323.95 3325.13 3325.67 3327.30 3336.56 3340.16 3344.73 3346.83 3347.00 3358.12 3361.37 3363.78 3363.87 3373.81 3375.22 3375.65 3378.19 3378.46 3379.96 3382.48 3384.61 3385.87 3389.79 3392.17 3393.65 3404.33 3413.37 3415.27 3415.61 3416.14 3418.52 3419.69 3420.04 3422.31

gi

5 9 13 7 5 5 5 3 5 3 11 7 11 5 9 7 11 1 9 5 9 7 5 7 7 7 9 5 5 1 9 5 3 11 3 5 9 5 5 3 7 7 3 13 5 3 7 9 5 9 11 7 11 9 7 9 5 7 5 9

7 11 13 9 3 5 3 5 3 3 13 9 9 7 11 7 9 3 7 5 9 5 3 9 9 5 7 3 5 3 9 3 5 11 3 7 9 7 7 3 7 9 1 13 5 3 9 11 7 9 11 7 11 9 9 11 3 7 5 9

gk

A 108 s–1 3.85E-01 1.44E-01 6.33E-01 2.95E-01 2.80E-01 1.71E-01 1.87E-01 3.05E-01 6.89E-01 1.31E-01 1.62E-01 3.62E-01 5.42E-01 2.60E-01 1.95E-01 3.59E-01 1.18E-01 1.41E-01 4.49E-01 1.38E-01 5.08E-01 5.44E-01 1.74E-01 3.06E-01 1.25E-01 1.62E-01 2.82E-01 2.26E-01 1.72E-01 2.88E-01 1.64E-01 1.20E-01 6.04E-01 1.13E-01 2.72E-01 7.59E-01 1.38E-01 2.74E-01 1.39E-01 2.03E-01 1.38E-01 1.56E-01 1.88E-01 3.75E-01 4.11E-01 2.66E-01 7.32E-01 3.30E-01 1.85E-01 1.97E-01 2.08E-01 2.10E-01 1.25E-01 1.83E-01 1.29E-01 2.45E-01 1.41E-01 1.15E-01 3.28E-01 2.52E-01

5/4/05 8:08:16 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3425.13 3427.90 3434.79 3435.45 3437.21 3438.87 3441.87 3442.66 3445.03 3445.26 3445.80 3447.12 3447.29 3449.07 3449.85 3452.60 3456.15 3456.52 3460.22 3460.78 3465.84 3466.19 3466.96 3467.85 3469.22 3469.63 3470.92 3475.03 3479.42 3483.67 3483.83 3489.43 3504.41 3505.31 3508.11 3510.77 3517.55 3518.21 3521.38 3521.41 3524.65 3524.98 3538.92 3540.57 3542.17 3552.71 3555.64 3558.09 3563.75 3566.05 3566.74 3570.64 3573.88 3580.54 3581.88 3584.25 3585.57 3588.95 3590.74 3595.55

Section 10.indb 127

gi

11 11 7 15 11 1 5 3 7 7 9 9 5 7 5 7 5 3 5 9 3 9 7 5 5 13 3 3 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 13 11 3 9 9 5 7 11 5 7 9 3 5 1 9 7 15 3 13 11 3 7 7 7 5

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 13 7 15 9 3 3 3 9 5 9 11 3 9 7 7 5 3 3 7 1 7 7 7 3 15 5 3 5 7 5 7 9 9 9 13 11 3 9 11 3 9 11 3 5 7 3 7 3 9 7 15 5 11 13 3 5 7 9 5

8

10-127 λ

–1

2.29E-01 4.09E-01 1.75E-01 1.50E+00 8.06E-01 2.34E-01 1.34E-01 2.94E-01 1.53E-01 2.96E-01 1.14E-01 8.75E-01 1.79E-01 1.52E-01 1.65E-01 2.48E-01 3.60E-01 2.96E-01 2.77E-01 6.03E-01 9.99E-01 2.11E-01 1.52E-01 2.63E-01 6.96E-01 1.51E-01 2.91E-01 4.68E-01 2.26E-01 1.13E-01 1.41E-01 3.27E-01 8.06E-01 2.25E-01 1.59E-01 4.75E-01 5.41E-01 3.64E-01 1.39E-01 6.06E-01 3.10E-01 2.25E-01 2.24E-01 4.46E-01 4.93E-01 3.64E-01 3.46E-01 5.43E-01 1.53E-01 2.67E-01 1.43E-01 7.18E-01 3.58E-01 5.49E-01 3.81E-01 1.73E-01 3.95E-01 1.18E-01 2.23E-01 2.32E-01

Å 3598.88 3600.73 3601.88 3602.94 3604.07 3610.61 3611.99 3615.16 3623.22 3624.46 3624.62 3638.20 3638.21 3640.62 3647.84 3648.70 3654.58 3657.36 3658.13 3659.36 3660.92 3662.15 3662.99 3663.27 3664.81 3664.88 3669.34 3672.81 3672.82 3676.23 3680.68 3681.72 3683.01 3687.96 3688.97 3690.59 3694.94 3696.04 3698.07 3708.55 3715.75 3718.48 3720.25 3725.55 3727.68 3728.30 3728.50 3733.02 3733.41 3735.62 3742.28 3747.19 3748.48 3755.10 3755.16 3758.52 3759.60 3760.88 3768.73 3769.99

gi

13 9 7 5 9 5 7 7 11 9 5 5 5 7 7 7 3 5 9 7 3 7 11 7 11 1 9 9 9 3 11 9 3 5 11 11 5 11 7 7 9 5 7 7 9 7 7 7 13 11 7 5 9 3 9 9 9 9 9 7

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 9 9 7 7 3 7 9 9 11 7 3 3 5 7 5 3 7 9 9 5 9 11 5 13 3 7 11 9 1 11 7 5 7 9 9 7 11 5 9 7 7 9 7 11 5 9 7 13 11 7 7 11 5 9 9 7 9 9 9

8

Weights

λ –1

5.67E-01 2.07E-01 1.15E-01 2.96E-01 3.25E-01 1.78E-01 1.16E-01 1.96E-01 5.58E-01 5.27E-01 1.37E-01 3.51E-01 3.33E-01 1.94E-01 2.11E-01 1.15E-01 1.80E-01 2.03E-01 1.86E-01 6.70E-01 1.34E-01 1.45E-01 3.48E-01 2.30E-01 9.54E-01 1.92E-01 2.16E-01 1.95E-01 1.13E-01 5.22E-01 2.96E-01 1.68E-01 1.20E-01 2.12E-01 3.26E-01 2.07E-01 6.36E-01 3.59E-01 1.48E-01 1.28E-01 2.38E-01 1.34E-01 2.86E-01 1.60E-01 1.51E-01 1.55E-01 2.20E-01 1.45E-01 2.80E-01 1.66E-01 1.56E-01 3.07E-01 3.95E-01 1.41E-01 2.48E-01 1.22E-01 1.82E-01 2.16E-01 2.88E-01 2.46E-01

Å 3777.72 3788.25 3794.43 3797.47 3798.25 3801.84 3805.99 3819.78 3824.78 3827.15 3828.88 3830.81 3831.07 3832.11 3833.75 3834.64 3846.18 3847.25 3848.30 3851.99 3864.10 3866.69 3867.67 3869.08 3874.15 3902.95 3909.54 3911.94 3915.43 3916.43 3919.55 3955.48 3973.76 3977.90 3980.20 3991.85 4010.13 4021.01 4051.18 4062.08 4069.88 4076.19 4084.37 4102.15 4107.46 4120.09 4131.92 4148.98 4157.40 4157.90 4185.82 4188.32 4194.56 4232.59 4240.83 4246.02 4251.88 4254.95 4269.28 4276.91

gi

13 7 9 7 7 9 5 9 5 7 7 5 7 9 9 3 7 3 9 11 7 3 5 5 7 7 9 5 5 5 11 13 11 9 5 11 5 9 13 11 13 9 9 5 7 13 9 9 13 9 11 11 11 9 5 11 13 7 11 7

11 9 9 5 9 7 5 11 7 7 7 5 9 9 9 5 7 1 9 9 7 5 3 3 5 5 7 5 5 3 13 11 13 7 3 9 3 11 11 9 11 9 7 3 5 15 11 11 11 11 13 13 11 11 5 13 11 9 11 9

gk

A 108 s–1 1.66E-01 2.87E-01 1.22E-01 1.48E-01 6.90E-01 3.16E-01 2.44E-01 1.47E-01 1.40E-01 1.94E-01 1.35E-01 1.83E-01 1.20E-01 3.05E-01 1.70E-01 1.20E-01 1.26E-01 2.41E-01 1.26E-01 1.78E-01 6.24E-01 1.74E-01 2.22E-01 1.35E-01 1.67E-01 6.17E-01 1.13E-01 1.15E-01 1.40E-01 1.78E-01 2.24E-01 1.71E-01 4.39E-01 1.35E-01 2.70E-01 1.29E-01 4.38E-01 2.65E-01 1.36E-01 1.96E-01 3.25E-01 1.16E-01 1.94E-01 1.22E-01 2.02E-01 6.05E-01 1.56E-01 1.56E-01 2.17E-01 1.60E-01 3.82E-01 3.32E-01 2.70E-01 3.17E-01 1.68E-01 2.00E-01 1.76E-01 2.01E-01 1.36E-01 2.85E-01

5/4/05 8:08:18 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-128 λ Å 4277.24 4317.92 4325.80 4326.14 4340.74 4381.63 4382.41 4409.94 4411.69 4434.95 4446.42 4457.35 4474.57 4491.65 4536.80 4598.23 4624.23 4633.08 4649.06 4652.24 4686.08 4688.21 4707.25 4718.86 4723.05 4731.44 4758.50 4760.18 4764.11 4811.05 4819.25 4830.51 4858.39 4868.02 5037.18 5044.36 5047.70 5163.18 5171.06 5172.94 5174.18 5191.45 5238.21 5240.87 5242.80 5261.53 5280.85 5355.52 5356.46 5360.51 5364.28 5460.50 5493.76 5506.49 5533.03 5570.44 5849.71 5851.50 5893.36 5895.93

Section 10.indb 128

gi

9 15 3 5 5 13 11 13 11 9 11 7 5 11 13 1 9 3 3 5 3 13 7 5 9 9 11 11 9 13 11 9 13 7 9 7 3 9 5 5 5 7 7 7 7 5 5 9 11 9 9 5 7 5 5 5 3 3 5 5

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 15 3 7 7 13 13 13 11 9 11 7 5 11 15 3 9 5 1 7 3 15 9 5 9 11 9 13 7 11 9 7 11 5 7 5 1 11 7 5 3 9 9 7 5 7 5 9 11 11 9 3 5 7 5 3 3 5 5 7

8

λ –1

1.35E-01 1.28E-01 1.84E-01 2.56E-01 1.23E-01 2.93E-01 3.83E-01 1.38E-01 2.63E-01 2.51E-01 1.90E-01 1.28E-01 2.10E-01 2.09E-01 5.03E-01 1.47E-01 1.32E-01 2.35E-01 1.25E-01 1.55E-01 1.72E-01 1.54E-01 3.63E-01 2.17E-01 1.23E-01 4.49E-01 3.01E-01 4.67E-01 2.16E-01 4.36E-01 2.71E-01 4.07E-01 1.24E-01 3.11E-01 1.14E-01 1.31E-01 2.61E-01 2.03E-01 1.84E-01 4.11E-01 5.83E-01 1.62E-01 3.74E-01 3.89E-01 2.01E-01 1.13E-01 1.28E-01 1.21E-01 2.11E-01 6.19E-01 2.26E-01 3.46E-01 2.13E-01 3.61E-01 3.72E-01 3.30E-01 3.02E-01 1.55E-01 2.60E-01 3.12E-01

Å 5926.37 5928.88 7154.11

7 7 9

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 9 9

8

1.63E-01 5.32E-01 3.45E-01

Neodymium Nd II 3780.4 3805.4 3807.2 3863.3 3941.5 3951.2 3973.3 3979.5 3990.1 4012.3 4061.1 4106.6 4109.5 4133.4 4156.1 4205.6 4284.5 4303.6 4325.8 4358.2 4382.7 4400.8 4451.6 4456.4 4463.0 4958.1 5130.6 5192.6 5249.6 5276.9 5293.2 5302.3 5311.5 5319.8 5357.0 5371.9 5485.7 5594.4 5620.6 5688.5 5718.1 5726.8 5740.9 5804.0 5865.1 6051.9

16 14 10 8 10 12 18 10 16 18 16 14 14 14 12 18 18 8 16 14 12 10 12 16 14 12 22 20 18 12 16 20 14 12 18 20 18 16 18 14 16 10 12 10 16 12

18 16 12 10 10 12 18 12 16 20 18 16 16 12 14 16 18 10 16 14 10 10 14 18 16 10 20 18 16 10 14 18 12 10 16 20 18 16 18 14 16 10 12 10 18 10

1.4E-01 6.9E-01 4.9E-02 1.5E-01 6.1E-01 6.0E-01 6.3E-01 2.7E-01 5.2E-01 5.5E-01 4.4E-01 6.8E-02 3.7E-01 1.5E-01 3.4E-01 1.8E-01 8.5E-02 4.7E-01 1.6E-01 1.5E-01 4.0E-02 6.8E-02 2.5E-01 6.4E-02 1.8E-01 1.2E-02 1.6E-01 1.7E-01 1.8E-01 1.2E-01 1.2E-01 1.1E-01 1.1E-01 1.6E-01 1.8E-01 5.1E-02 5.7E-02 7.0E-02 1.3E-01 5.9E-02 8.7E-02 5.6E-02 7.2E-02 4.6E-02 1.3E-02 1.1E-02

1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3 3

3.8E-01 9.3E-01 3.3E-01 7.4E-01 4.8E-01

Neon Ne I 615.63 618.67 619.10 626.82 629.74

Weights

λ –1

Å 735.90 743.72 3369.8 3369.9 3375.6 3417.9 3418.0 3423.9 3447.7 3450.8 3454.2 3460.5 3464.3 3466.6 3472.6 3498.1 3501.2 3510.7 3515.2 3520.5 3593.5 3593.6 3600.2 3633.7 3682.2 3685.7 3701.2 4536.3 4702.5 4708.9 4955.4 5113.7 5120.5 5154.4 5191.3 5326.4 5333.3 5341.1 5400.6 5418.6 5433.7 5652.6 5662.5 5852.5 5868.4 5881.9 5913.6 5939.3 5944.8 5961.6 5975.5 6030.0 6046.1 6074.3 6096.2 6118.0 6128.5 6143.1 6150.3 6163.6

1 1 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 1 5 1 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 1

gi

3 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 1 3 5 3 7 5 3 3 5 1 5 3 3 1 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 1 5 3 3 5 3 3

gk

A 108 s–1 6.11E+00 4.86E-01 1.0E-03 7.6E-03 2.2E-03 9.2E-03 2.2E-03 1.0E-03 2.1E-02 4.9E-03 3.7E-02 7.0E-03 6.7E-03 1.3E-02 1.7E-02 5.1E-03 1.2E-02 2.2E-03 6.9E-03 9.3E-02 9.9E-03 6.6E-03 4.3E-03 1.1E-02 1.6E-03 3.9E-03 2.2E-03 5.0E-03 2.1E-03 4.2E-02 3.3E-03 1.0E-02 5.6E-03 1.9E-02 1.3E-02 6.8E-03 5.3E-03 1.1E-01 9.0E-03 5.2E-03 2.83E-03 8.9E-03 6.9E-03 6.82E-01 1.4E-02 1.15E-01 4.8E-02 2.00E-03 1.13E-01 3.3E-02 3.51E-02 5.61E-02 2.26E-03 6.03E-01 1.81E-01 6.09E-03 6.7E-03 2.82E-01 1.5E-02 1.46E-01

5/4/05 8:08:20 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 6217.3 6266.5 6273.0 6293.7 6304.8 6328.2 6330.9 6334.4 6351.9 6383.0 6401.1 6402.2 6506.5 6532.9 6599.0 6602.9 6652.1 6678.3 6717.0 6721.1 6929.5 7024.1 7032.4 7051.3 7059.1 7173.9 7245.2 7304.8 7438.9 7472.4 7535.8 7937.0 8082.5 8118.5 8128.9 8259.4 8571.4 8582.9 8647.0 8681.9 8767.5 8771.7 8783.8 8865.3 9201.8 9433.0 9486.7 9534.2 10621 11409 11525 11767 12459

5 1 3 3 3 5 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Ne II *357.03 *361.77 *406.28 *446.37 460.73

6 6 6 6 4

Section 10.indb 129

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 7 5 3 3 3 1 5 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 10 2 10 6 2

8

10-129 λ

–1

6.37E-02 2.49E-01 9.7E-03 6.39E-03 4.16E-02 3.39E-02 2.3E-02 1.61E-01 3.45E-03 3.21E-01 1.39E-02 5.14E-01 3.00E-01 1.08E-01 2.32E-01 5.9E-03 2.9E-03 2.33E-01 2.17E-01 4.9E-04 1.74E-01 1.89E-02 2.53E-01 3.0E-02 6.8E-02 2.87E-02 9.35E-02 2.55E-03 2.31E-02 4.0E-02 4.3E-01 7.8E-03 1.2E-03 4.9E-02 7.2E-03 2.03E-02 5.5E-02 1.00E-02 3.91E-02 2.1E-01 1.1E-03 1.6E-01 3.13E-01 9.4E-03 9.1E-02 1.1E-03 2.5E-02 6.3E-02 2.4E-03 4.2E-02 8.4E-02 6.9E-02 1.5E-02 3.8E+01 1.6E+01 1.8E+01 4.07E+01 4.7E+01

Å 462.39 1907.5 1916.1 1930.0 1938.8 2858.0 2870.0 2873.0 2876.3 2876.5 2878.1 2888.4 2891.5 2897.0 2906.8 2910.1 2910.4 2916.2 2925.6 2933.7 2955.7 3001.7 3017.3 3027.0 3028.7 3028.9 3034.5 3037.7 3045.6 3047.6 3054.7 3092.9 3097.1 3118.0 3134.1 3140.4 3151.1 3154.8 3164.4 3165.7 3173.6 3176.1 3187.6 3188.7 3190.9 3194.6 3198.6 3198.9 3209.0 3209.4 3213.7 3214.3 3218.2 3224.8 3229.5 3229.6 3230.1 3230.4 3232.0 3232.4

2 4 4 2 2 6 6 6 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 4 2 6 2 6 6 4 6 6 4 2 6 4 2 4 2 6 8 8 6 8 6 8 8 6 6 4 4 6 4 4 6 4 8 2 2 4 8 6 8 8 6 4 6 4

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 2 4 2 4 6 6 4 6 4 2 6 4 8 4 2 4 4 2 6 4 4 4 6 2 4 8 4 2 6 4 6 8 6 4 6 6 6 8 6 4 6 6 6 6 4 8 4 8 4 4 6 10 8 8 10 6 6 4 4

8

Weights

λ –1

2.3E+01 2.8E-01 6.9E-01 5.7E-01 1.3E-01 7.9E-01 1.7E-01 3.8E-01 7.8E-01 3.3E-01 6.9E-02 7.0E-02 6.1E-02 5.2E-02 5.5E-01 1.7E+00 5.9E-01 9.6E-02 5.6E-01 6.9E-02 1.2E+00 8.7E-01 3.5E-01 1.4E+00 8.5E-01 4.7E-01 3.1E+00 2.1E+00 2.5E+00 1.8E+00 9.4E-01 1.3E+00 1.3E+00 4.2E-02 2.6E-01 2.4E-01 4.8E-02 1.8E-02 1.6E-01 1.2E-01 4.5E-02 6.0E-02 1.4E-02 3.9E-01 1.5E-01 5.2E-01 1.7E+00 2.3E-01 1.6E-01 6.0E-01 1.7E+00 2.2E+00 3.6E+00 3.5E+00 1.3E-01 3.6E+00 1.8E+00 1.4E-01 2.7E-01 1.6E+00

Å 3243.4 3244.1 3248.1 3255.4 3263.4 3269.9 3270.8 3297.7 3309.7 3310.5 3311.3 3314.7 3319.7 3320.2 3323.7 3327.2 3329.2 3330.7 3334.8 3336.1 3344.4 3345.5 3345.8 3353.6 3355.0 3356.3 3357.8 3360.3 3360.6 3362.9 3371.8 3374.1 3378.2 3379.3 3386.2 3388.4 3390.6 3392.8 3404.8 3407.0 3411.4 3413.2 3414.9 3416.9 3417.7 3438.9 3440.7 3453.1 3454.8 3456.6 3457.1 3459.3 3475.2 3477.6 3481.9 3503.6 3522.7 3538.0 3539.9 3542.2

6 6 4 6 2 4 6 6 4 4 4 6 4 8 4 4 8 6 6 4 2 6 4 4 4 6 6 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 6 4 4 4 6 6 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 6

gi

6 8 4 4 4 6 4 6 2 4 2 6 2 6 4 4 8 6 8 6 2 4 4 2 6 6 6 4 4 2 6 4 2 2 6 6 4 4 6 8 2 4 6 6 8 2 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 4 4

gk

A 108 s–1 2.3E-01 1.5E+00 2.4E-01 3.8E-02 3.9E-01 5.1E-01 5.7E-02 4.3E-01 3.1E-01 6.9E-02 2.6E-01 4.4E-02 1.6E+00 2.1E-01 1.6E+00 9.1E-01 8.8E-01 3.9E-02 1.8E+00 1.1E+00 1.5E+00 1.4E+00 2.2E-01 1.2E-01 1.3E+00 2.0E-01 5.0E-01 8.6E-01 8.2E-01 3.5E-01 2.2E-01 3.0E-01 1.7E+00 3.0E-01 5.5E-02 2.2E+00 7.7E-02 4.4E-01 1.9E+00 2.3E+00 6.1E-01 1.8E+00 1.8E-02 6.4E-01 1.6E+00 1.4E+00 3.5E-01 4.6E-01 1.6E+00 9.6E-01 9.9E-02 1.6E+00 1.2E-02 4.3E-01 1.4E+00 2.0E+00 2.3E-02 7.6E-01 3.6E-02 6.0E-01

5/4/05 8:08:22 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-130 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

3542.9 3546.2 3551.6 3557.8 3561.2 3565.8 3568.5 3571.2 3574.2 3574.6 3590.4 3594.2 3612.3 3628.0 3632.7 3643.9 3644.9 3659.9 3664.1 3679.8 3694.2 3697.1 3701.8 3709.6 3713.1 3721.8 3726.9 3727.1 3734.9 3744.6 3751.2 3753.8 3766.3 3777.1 3800.0 3818.4 3829.8 3942.3

4 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 6 4 6 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4

Ne V *142.61 *143.32 147.13 151.23 154.50 *167.69 *358.93 365.59 *482.15 *571.04 2259.6 2265.7

9 9 5 5 1 9 9 5 9 9 3 5

9 15 7 5 3 9 3 3 9 15 5 7

6.7E+02 1.2E+03 1.5E+03 3.38E+02 7.0E+02 1.5E+02 2.1E+02 1.35E+02 3.01E+01 1.0E+01 1.9E+00 2.4E+00

Ne VII 97.502 *115.46 116.69 127.66 465.22 558.61 559.95

1 9 3 3 1 3 1

3 3 5 1 3 5 3

1.07E+03 4.8E+02 1.6E+03 1.9E+02 4.09E+01 8.11E+00 1.07E+01

Section 10.indb 130

6 4 4 2 6 4 8 4 6 6 6 2 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 2 6 2 6 2 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 6 6 4 4 4 6 6

8

1.2E+00 6.3E-02 3.7E-02 1.9E-01 2.1E-01 6.2E-01 1.4E+00 6.3E-01 1.0E-01 1.3E+00 3.6E-02 1.3E+00 2.6E-01 6.0E-01 1.3E-01 3.2E-01 9.9E-01 6.7E-02 7.0E-01 3.2E-01 1.0E+00 2.8E-01 2.7E-01 1.1E+00 1.3E+00 2.0E-01 1.2E-01 9.8E-01 1.9E-01 2.6E-01 1.8E-01 4.5E-01 2.9E-01 4.2E-01 3.7E-01 6.1E-01 8.4E-01 1.0E-02

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 5 1 3

8

561.38 561.73 562.99 564.53

3 5 3 5

Ne VIII *88.09 *98.208 770.41 780.32 2820.7 2860.1

2 6 2 2 2 2

6 10 4 2 4 2

8.4E+02 2.77E+03 5.90E+00 5.69E+00 7.20E-01 6.88E-01

7.99E+00 2.39E+01 3.17E+01 1.31E+01

7 7 5 5 5 7 3 7 9 7 9 5 7 5 3 5 5 7 5 5 7 5 5 5 7 5 5 3 7 5 5 3 5 5 5 7 9 7 5 9 3 9 5 7 3

7 9 5 7 5 7 5 5 7 5 9 3 5 3 1 5 5 5 7 5 5 3 3 3 5 5 3 1 5 5 5 3 3 3 5 7 9 5 3 7 5 7 5 7 3

1.1E-01 1.1E+00 1.3E-01 8.3E-01 1.7E-01 9.0E-02 9.3E-01 2.3E-01 2.4E-01 1.8E-01 9.7E-02 3.3E-01 2.1E-01 2.3E-01 4.0E-01 1.1E-01 2.6E+00 9.7E-02 1.1E-01 9.7E-02 2.8E-01 3.8E-01 4.7E-01 4.1E-01 6.9E-01 1.3E-01 1.5E-01 8.9E-01 1.3E-01 1.2E-01 3.0E-01 7.8E-01 7.3E-01 2.2E-01 3.8E-01 1.9E-01 9.6E-02 1.7E-01 2.0E-01 9.1E-02 1.8E-01 2.1E+00 3.8E-01 7.5E-01 4.5E-01

Nickel Ni I 1963.85 1976.87 1981.61 1990.25 2007.01 2007.69 2014.25 2025.40 2026.62 2047.35 2052.04 2055.50 2059.92 2060.20 2064.39 2069.52 2085.57 2089.09 2095.13 2114.43 2121.40 2124.80 2147.80 2157.83 2158.31 2161.04 2173.54 2174.48 2182.38 2183.91 2190.22 2197.35 2201.59 2221.94 2244.46 2253.57 2254.81 2258.15 2259.56 2261.42 2287.32 2289.98 2293.11 2300.77 2302.97

Weights

λ –1

Å 2307.35 2312.34 2313.98 2317.16 2320.03 2321.38 2324.65 2325.79 2329.96 2345.54 2346.63 2347.51 2348.73 2419.31 2943.91 2981.65 3002.48 3003.62 3012.00 3037.93 3050.82 3054.31 3057.64 3064.62 3101.56 3101.88 3134.11 3225.02 3369.56 3380.57 3392.98 3414.76 3423.71 3433.56 3446.26 3452.88 3458.46 3461.66 3472.55 3483.77 3492.96 3510.33 3515.05 3524.54 3566.37 3597.70 3619.39 4027.67 4295.88 4401.54 4462.46 4470.48 4600.37 4604.99 4606.23 4648.66 4686.22 4701.54 4714.42 4715.78

gi

5 7 5 7 9 5 7 7 5 9 7 9 7 7 7 5 7 5 5 7 7 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 9 5 7 7 3 7 5 5 3 7 5 5 5 3 5 7 5 3 5 5 9 9 3 5 5 9 5 11 5 9 13 7

7 7 5 5 11 7 9 9 3 7 5 9 7 5 5 3 7 5 5 7 9 5 3 7 7 7 5 3 7 3 7 9 3 7 5 7 5 9 7 3 3 1 7 5 5 3 7 7 7 11 5 7 3 7 3 9 5 9 11 7

gk

A 108 s–1 1.6E-01 5.5E+00 5.0E+00 3.8E+00 6.9E+00 5.6E+00 1.8E-01 3.5E+00 5.3E+00 2.2E+00 5.5E-01 2.2E-01 2.2E-01 2.0E-01 1.1E-01 2.8E-01 8.0E-01 6.9E-01 1.3E+00 2.8E-01 6.0E-01 4.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.1E-01 6.3E-01 4.9E-01 7.3E-01 9.3E-02 1.8E-01 1.3E+00 2.4E-01 5.5E-01 3.3E-01 1.7E-01 4.4E-01 9.8E-02 6.1E-01 2.7E-01 1.2E-01 1.4E-01 9.8E-01 1.2E+00 4.2E-01 1.0E+00 5.6E-01 1.4E-01 6.6E-01 1.3E-01 1.7E-01 3.8E-01 1.7E-01 1.9E-01 2.6E-01 2.3E-01 1.0E-01 2.4E-01 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 4.6E-01 2.0E-01

5/4/05 8:08:25 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4732.47 4752.43 4756.52 4786.54 4812.00 4829.03 4831.18 4838.64 4855.41 4904.41 4912.03 4913.97 4918.36 4935.83 4937.34 4953.20 4980.17 5000.34 5012.46 5017.58 5035.37 5042.20 5048.85 5080.53 5081.11 5082.35 5084.08 5099.95 5115.40 5129.37 5155.14 5155.76 5176.57 5371.33 5476.91 5637.12 5664.02 5695.00 6086.29 6175.42 7122.24 7381.94 7422.30 7727.66

7 3 9 11 3 5 9 9 5 5 3 1 9 7 9 5 9 7 7 11 7 3 7 9 7 3 7 7 11 7 5 5 5 7 1 3 5 3 3 3 5 9 7 7

9 3 9 11 1 7 7 7 5 3 3 3 7 5 9 5 11 7 7 11 9 5 7 11 9 3 9 7 9 5 5 7 5 7 3 3 7 3 5 3 7 11 5 7

Ni II 2165.55 2169.10 2174.67 2175.15 2184.61 2201.41 2206.72 2216.48 2220.40 2222.96 2224.86 2226.33 2253.85 2264.46

10 8 8 6 4 4 6 10 6 10 8 6 4 6

10 8 10 6 4 6 8 12 8 10 8 6 6 8

Section 10.indb 131

8

10-131 λ

–1

9.3E-02 2.0E-01 1.5E-01 1.8E-01 9.5E-02 1.9E-01 1.6E-01 2.2E-01 5.7E-01 6.2E-01 1.5E-01 2.2E-01 2.3E-01 2.4E-01 1.2E-01 1.2E-01 1.9E-01 1.4E-01 1.1E-01 2.0E-01 5.7E-01 1.4E-01 1.6E-01 3.2E-01 5.7E-01 2.5E-01 3.1E-01 2.9E-01 2.2E-01 1.2E-01 1.1E-01 2.9E-01 1.8E-01 1.6E-01 9.5E-02 1.1E-01 1.1E-01 1.7E-01 1.1E-01 1.7E-01 2.1E-01 9.7E-02 1.8E-01 1.1E-01 2.4E+00 1.58E+00 1.43E+00 1.77E+00 2.90E+00 1.3E+00 1.66E+00 3.4E+00 2.3E+00 9.8E-01 1.55E+00 1.3E+00 1.98E+00 1.43E+00

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

Weights

λ –1

2270.21 2278.77 2287.09 2296.55 2297.14 2297.49 2298.27 2303.00 2316.04 2334.58 2375.42 2394.52 2416.13 2437.89 2510.87

8 8 6 8 6 4 6 8 10 8 6 8 6 8 8

10 6 4 8 4 2 6 6 8 8 8 10 8 10 10

1.56E+00 2.8E+00 2.8E+00 1.98E+00 2.70E+00 3.0E+00 2.8E+00 2.9E+00 2.88E+00 8.0E-01 6.6E-01 1.70E+00 2.1E+00 5.4E-01 5.8E-01

Ni III 1692.51 1709.90 1719.46 1722.28 1724.52 1741.96 1752.43 1760.56 1769.64 1823.06

11 9 5 3 3 9 7 5 11 9

13 11 7 5 1 7 5 3 11 9

7.9E+00 6.3E+00 6.0E+00 5.9E+00 6.7E+00 5.7E+00 5.5E+00 6.5E+00 6.2E+00 5.6E+00

Ni XIV 164.13 168 168.12 169.69 170.50 171.37 172.16 172.80 177.28 178 181 182.14 196 288.894 292.399

6 2 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 2 4 4 4 4 6

8 4 2 4 4 6 6 4 4 4 6 2 2 4 6

1.2E+03 2.4E+02 8.5E+02 9.8E+02 7.1E+02 9.4E+02 4.7E+02 1.4E+02 5.6E+02 8.9E+01 7.4E+01 1.5E+02 3.8E+01 4.6E+01 3.6E+01

Ni XV 50.249 60.890 64.635 163.64 173.73 175 179.28 181 269 278.386

5 9 7 5 5 3 5 1 3 5

7 11 9 7 7 1 7 3 1 5

6.8E+03 1.0E+04 9.6E+03 5.6E+01 7.6E+02 5.7E+02 7.5E+02 6.8E+02 5.3E+01 4.3E+01

Ni XVI 166 168 182 185.23

4 6 2 2

6 8 2 4

3.1E+02 3.2E+02 2.5E+02 4.2E+02

Å

gi

6 2 2 8 8 6 6 4 2 4 6 4 6 6 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 6 4 2 4 2 4 6 8 4 2 4

gk

A 108 s–1

187 187 188 190 192 192 194 194 194 194 194.04 195.27 196 197 197 199 206 217 218.391 223.119 231 232.475 233 235 235 236 237.875 238 239.550 245 245 249 249 250 254

4 4 2 6 6 6 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 6 4 6

1.2E+02 3.3E+02 4.7E+02 2.0E+02 4.54E+02 3.1E+02 2.8E+02 5.5E+02 1.1E+02 3.5E+02 4.6E+02 9.5E+01 6.7E+02 1.5E+02 1.2E+02 4.9E+02 3.7E+02 1.1E+02 9.5E+01 1.3E+02 1.6E+02 4.07E+02 2.4E+02 3.8E+02 2.5E+02 1.2E+02 2.6E+02 1.3E+02 2.6E+02 1.4E+02 3.2E+02 3.3E+02 1.2E+02 1.6E+02 1.8E+02

Ni XVII 30.919 42.855 54.451 55.361 57.348 197.39 199.87 204 205 206 207.50 215.89 216 217 227 249.180 281.50 282 284 292

1 1 9 1 7 1 3 3 3 1 5 3 1 5 5 1 3 3 5 5

3 3 11 3 9 3 5 3 1 3 7 5 3 7 5 3 1 1 3 7

2.77E+03 4.75E+03 1.5E+04 6.7E+03 1.4E+04 1.6E+02 2.1E+02 1.8E+02 2.4E+02 3.0E+02 2.5E+02 4.8E+02 2.7E+02 2.4E+02 1.6E+02 2.75E+02 2.1E+02 2.4E+02 1.5E+02 2.2E+02

Ni XVIII 24.881 25.070

2 4

4 6

8.6E+02 9.9E+02

5/4/05 8:08:27 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-132 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

26.02 26.020 26.046 26.218 27.98 27.982 28.018 28.220 29.383 29.422 29.779 29.829 31.845 31.890 32.034 32.340 36.990 37.049 41.015 41.218 43.814 44.365 44.405 52.615 52.720 52.745 59.950 60.212 63.512 63.589 69.075 76.254 76.359 99.275 100.4 114.46 114.74

2 2 2 4 4 2 6 4 4 6 2 2 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 4 6 2 4 4 6

Ni XIX 9.140 9.153 9.977 10.110 10.283 10.433 11.539 11.599 12.435 12.656 13.779 14.043 40.7 40.7 41.132

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 7

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 9

3.1E+04 5.2E+03 1.1E+05 9.4E+04 4.7E+03 5.1E+03 4.8E+04 6.3E+03 3.66E+05 1.0E+05 1.23E+04 1.31E+04 6.4E+03 8.4E+03 9.4E+03

Ni XXI 11.13 11.23 11.239 11.28 11.318

3 5 5 3 5

3 3 7 1 7

1.7E+04 1.7E+04 5.7E+04 2.2E+05 2.8E+05

Section 10.indb 132

4 4 2 6 6 4 8 6 6 8 4 2 6 8 4 6 6 8 4 2 4 6 4 6 8 6 4 2 6 8 6 6 8 4 6 6 8

8

1.26E+03 1.1E+03 1.1E+03 1.5E+03 1.0E+03 2.0E+03 1.1E+03 2.33E+03 1.58E+03 1.69E+03 1.9E+03 1.9E+03 2.7E+03 3.0E+03 3.4E+03 4.0E+03 5.5E+03 5.9E+03 2.97E+03 3.2E+03 5.5E+03 6.8E+03 1.14E+03 1.5E+04 1.6E+04 1.06E+03 9.6E+02 1.1E+03 7.9E+02 8.5E+02 8.0E+02 1.38E+03 1.47E+03 1.0E+03 1.2E+03 2.5E+03 2.7E+03

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

1 3 7 7 3 3 3 3 5

8

Weights

λ –1

11.48 11.48 11.517 11.539 11.67 11.72 12.454 12.472 12.502

3 1 5 5 1 3 5 3 5

1.1E+05 4.0E+05 1.4E+05 1.2E+05 8.0E+04 2.3E+04 3.3E+04 1.8E+04 2.8E+04

Ni XXII 72.52 84.06 84.24 85.86 88.00 95.95 98.16 98.58 100.60 101.31 103.31 106.04 106.16 124.31 126.32

4 6 4 4 4 2 4 4 6 6 4 4 4 2 4

2 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 4 2 2 4

2.84E+02 1.2E+03 5.6E+02 4.9E+02 1.2E+03 4.4E+02 5.2E+02 2.45E+02 3.9E+02 4.83E+02 2.66E+02 2.36E+02 5.1E+02 3.7E+02 3.3E+02

Ni XXIII 87.66 88.11 90.49 90.96 91.83 92.32 100.42 102.08 103.23 103.67 104.70 106.02 108.27 111.23 111.78 111.86 112.55 128.87 133.54 137.55

3 5 3 5 5 3 1 5 3 5 3 5 7 3 5 1 3 5 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 3 5 1 5 5 1 3 3 1 5 3 1

2.8E+02 8.3E+02 1.77E+02 2.5E+02 7.5E+02 4.39E+02 2.1E+02 5.3E+02 2.4E+02 1.78E+02 2.94E+02 2.87E+02 3.32E+02 2.26E+02 2.19E+02 1.7E+02 1.0E+03 4.02E+02 1.86E+02 2.53E+02

Ni XXIV 101.13 102.11 103.43 103.53 104.64 106.68 113.14 118.52 122.72 134.73 135.47

6 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 6 6 4

4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 4

1.63E+02 5.4E+02 1.3E+02 4.17E+02 4.7E+02 3.67E+02 1.65E+02 1.5E+02 2.17E+02 1.44E+02 8.0E+01

Å

gi

4 6 2 4

gk

A 108 s–1

137.01 138.80 153.47 159.69

4 4 2 2

2.6E+02 7.2E+01 1.27E+02 8.9E+01

Ni XXV 9.30 9.31 9.32 9.34 9.42 9.49 9.60 9.63 9.64 9.71 9.71 9.74 9.75 9.76 9.76 9.78 9.86 9.87 9.92 9.94 9.97 10.08

3 5 3 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 1

1 7 5 3 1 5 3 5 3 1 3 7 5 3 3 7 7 5 5 7 5 3

9.3E+04 8.2E+04 7.8E+04 1.1E+05 9.0E+04 8.9E+04 1.8E+05 2.4E+05 1.3E+05 2.3E+05 1.8E+05 3.0E+05 1.3E+05 3.03E+05 7.5E+04 2.9E+05 4.8E+05 2.03E+05 1.3E+05 1.29E+05 2.5E+05 2.80E+05

Ni XXVI 1.5930 1.5935 1.5973 1.5977 1.5982 1.5996 1.6005 1.6036 9.390 9.535

4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4

2 2 4 4 2 2 6 2 4 6

3.4E+06 4.0E+06 8.1E+06 4.4E+06 7.3E+06 2.7E+06 2.7E+06 2.1E+06 2.59E+05 2.96E+05

Ni XXVII 1.2534 1.2824 1.3500 1.3516 1.531 1.534 1.537 1.537 1.538 1.539 1.539 1.540 1.541 1.542 1.542 1.544 1.546 1.547 1.549

1 1 1 1 3 3 5 1 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 1

3 3 3 3 3 1 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3

3.35E+05 6.38E+05 1.63E+06 2.4E+05 2.0E+05 6.9E+06 2.3E+06 3.7E+06 3.9E+06 2.6E+06 2.6E+06 1.7E+06 5.5E+06 3.6E+06 3.5E+06 3.2E+06 1.6E+06 2.1E+05 2.0E+05

5/4/05 8:12:37 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 1.551 1.558 1.5883 1.5963

3 3 1 1

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

1 1 3 3

8

λ –1

8.2E+05 6.5E+05 6.02E+06 7.70E+05

Nitrogen NI 1163.88 1164.00 1164.21 1164.32 1167.45 1168.42 1168.54 1176.51 1176.63 1177.69 1199.55 1200.22 1200.71 1310.54 1316.29 1492.63 1492.82 1494.68 3822.03 3830.43 3834.22 4099.94 4109.95 4113.97 4137.64 4143.43 4151.48 4249.87 4264.00 4356.29 4385.54 4392.41 4435.43 4442.45 4669.89 4914.94 4935.12 5199.84 5201.61 5281.20 5344.05 5356.62 5367.01 5372.61 5378.27 6606.18 6622.54 6626.99 6636.94 6644.96 6646.50 6653.46 6656.51

Section 10.indb 133

6 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 6 6 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 6 6 4 4 2 2 4 6 2 4 8 2 6 4

6 6 4 4 8 6 6 4 4 2 6 4 2 6 6 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 6 4 4 4 4 2 4 8 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 6 6 6 4 4 2 6 6 4 4 6 2 4 2

10-133

7.52E-01 1.27E-02 5.17E-02 6.94E-01 1.29E+00 4.24E-02 1.24E+00 9.22E-01 1.02E-01 1.02E+00 4.01E+00 3.99E+00 3.98E+00 8.42E-01 1.42E-02 3.13E+00 3.51E-01 3.72E+00 3.70E-02 4.67E-02 1.89E-02 3.48E-02 3.90E-02 6.62E-03 2.80E-03 6.09E-03 1.01E-02 2.59E-02 2.26E-02 5.10E-02 8.84E-03 1.76E-02 7.51E-03 3.81E-02 7.49E-03 8.08E-03 1.76E-02 1.87E-02 1.87E-02 2.45E-03 6.10E-04 1.41E-03 1.07E-03 8.34E-04 1.66E-03 8.87E-04 7.93E-03 2.20E-03 1.40E-02 3.49E-02 2.18E-02 2.74E-02 2.17E-02

Å 6926.67 6945.18 6951.60 6960.50 6973.07 6979.18 6982.03 7423.64 7442.30 7468.31 7898.98 7899.28 7915.42 8184.86 8188.01 8200.36 8210.72 8216.34 8223.13 8242.39 8567.74 8594.00 8629.24 8655.88 8680.28 8683.40 8686.15 8703.25 8711.70 8718.84 8728.90 8747.37 9028.92 9045.88 9049.49 9049.89 9060.48 9187.45 9187.86 9207.59 9208.00 9386.81 9392.79 9460.68 9776.90 9786.78 9788.29 9798.56 9810.01 9814.02 9822.75 9834.61 9863.33 9872.15 9883.38 9905.52 9909.22 9931.47 9947.07 9965.75

4 6 2 4 2 6 4 2 4 6 6 4 4 4 2 2 4 6 4 6 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 2 4 6 4 6 2 6 6 4 2 6 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 2 4 2 4 6 4

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

6 6 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 6 4 2 4 6 2 4 4 2 4 2 8 6 4 2 4 6 2 4 2 8 6 6 4 6 6 4 4 4 6 4 4 6 2 4 2 8 6 4 8 6 2 2 4 4 8 6

8

Weights

λ –1

7.75E-03 1.83E-02 1.03E-02 4.67E-03 3.83E-03 9.83E-03 2.04E-02 5.95E-02 1.24E-01 1.93E-01 2.82E-01 3.28E-02 3.13E-01 8.58E-02 1.27E-01 4.95E-02 4.84E-02 2.23E-01 2.64E-01 1.36E-01 4.92E-02 2.09E-01 2.66E-01 1.05E-01 2.46E-01 1.80E-01 1.09E-01 2.10E-01 1.28E-01 6.75E-02 3.76E-02 1.04E-02 3.02E-01 2.80E-01 1.88E-02 2.60E-01 2.95E-01 2.44E-01 1.76E-02 2.70E-02 2.33E-01 2.24E-01 2.63E-01 3.98E-02 1.18E-02 1.13E-02 2.99E-02 2.75E-02 5.30E-02 6.56E-03 4.95E-02 4.50E-02 9.62E-02 2.97E-02 2.93E-02 3.11E-03 7.58E-03 3.64E-02 1.08E-02 7.60E-03

Å 9968.51 9980.42 9997.73

6 4 8

N II 474.891 475.647 475.698 475.757 475.803 475.884 508.697 510.758 513.849 529.355 529.413 529.491 529.637 529.722 529.867 533.511 533.581 533.650 533.729 533.815 547.818 559.762 574.650 582.156 635.197 644.634 644.837 645.178 660.286 671.016 671.386 671.411 671.630 671.773 672.001 745.841 746.984 748.369 775.965 915.612 915.962 1083.99 1085.55 1085.70 3408.13 3437.14 3593.60 3609.10 3615.86 3829.80 3838.37 3842.19 3847.40 3855.10 3856.06

5 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 1 5 5 1 1 3 5 5 3 5 1 3 3 5 1 5 5 5 1 3 1 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 1 3 3 5

gi

4 6 8 5 3 5 3 7 5 5 7 5 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 7 5 3 3 7 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 3 5 7 1 1 5 3 1 5 5 3 3 1 3

gk

A 108 s–1 4.50E-03 8.10E-03 9.20E-03 9.66E+00 1.17E+01 1.58E+01 8.75E+00 2.10E+01 5.25E+00 1.91E+00 1.87E+01 1.24E+01 7.23E+00 2.43E+01 6.75E+00 4.92E+00 1.03E+01 1.94E+01 2.39E+01 3.20E+01 1.66E+01 4.13E+01 9.19E+00 2.16E+00 1.14E+01 3.60E+01 2.85E+01 2.33E+01 1.21E+01 3.64E+01 6.07E+01 3.69E+01 2.47E+00 7.40E+00 3.04E+00 2.27E+00 9.85E+00 3.87E+00 1.25E+01 3.85E+01 3.83E+00 3.08E+01 4.38E+00 1.32E+01 2.18E+00 9.47E-01 3.87E+00 2.19E-01 2.07E+00 1.21E-01 1.41E-01 1.53E-01 2.42E-01 6.98E-01 3.06E-01 2.22E-01 8.82E-01 3.71E-01

5/4/05 8:12:51 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-134 λ Å 3919.00 3955.85 3995.00 4114.33 4124.08 4133.67 4145.77 4374.99 4447.03 4459.94 4465.53 4477.68 4488.09 4507.56 4564.76 4601.48 4607.15 4613.87 4621.39 4630.54 4643.09 4654.53 4667.21 4674.91 4694.27 4695.90 4697.64 4698.55 4700.03 4702.50 4704.25 4706.40 4709.58 4712.07 4718.38 4721.58 4774.24 4779.72 4781.19 4788.14 4793.65 4803.29 4810.30 4860.17 4987.38 4991.24 4994.36 4994.37 4997.22 5001.13 5001.47 5002.70 5005.15 5005.30 5007.33 5010.62 5011.31 5012.04 5016.38 5023.05

Section 10.indb 134

3 3 3 3 3 5 7 3 3 3 3 5 5 7 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 5 5 5 7 7 7 9 9 3 3 5 5 5 7 7 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 5 1 7 5 3 3 5 7 5 7

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 1 5 3 5 3 1 3 5 3 1 7 5 3 9 7 5 9 7 5 3 7 5 3 7 5 5 1 5 7 3 3 5 7 3 9 5 5 3 3 7 5 5

8

λ –1

6.76E-01 1.31E-01 1.35E+00 1.42E-03 3.20E-01 5.30E-01 7.36E-01 5.55E-03 1.14E+00 1.12E-01 2.36E-02 8.85E-02 1.30E-02 1.00E-01 1.41E-02 2.35E-01 3.26E-01 2.26E-01 9.55E-01 7.72E-01 4.51E-01 2.43E-02 2.99E-02 1.05E-01 1.23E-01 1.29E-01 3.06E-02 3.67E-01 1.05E-01 9.15E-02 2.13E-01 6.09E-02 1.82E-01 1.46E-01 3.02E-01 7.75E-02 3.24E-02 2.52E-01 2.05E-02 2.52E-01 7.77E-02 3.18E-01 4.75E-02 1.61E-02 7.48E-01 3.54E-01 2.62E-01 7.60E-01 1.96E-01 9.76E-01 1.05E+00 8.45E-02 1.16E+00 6.51E-02 7.89E-01 2.19E-01 5.84E-01 5.19E-01 1.62E-01 3.61E-01

Å 5025.66 5040.71 5045.10 5073.59 5168.05 5170.16 5171.27 5171.47 5172.34 5172.97 5173.39 5174.46 5175.89 5176.57 5177.06 5179.34 5179.52 5180.36 5183.20 5184.96 5185.09 5186.21 5190.38 5191.96 5199.50 5313.42 5320.20 5320.96 5327.76 5338.73 5340.21 5351.23 5383.72 5452.07 5454.22 5462.58 5478.09 5480.05 5495.65 5526.23 5530.24 5535.35 5535.38 5540.06 5543.47 5551.92 5552.68 5565.26 5666.63 5676.02 5679.56 5686.21 5710.77 5730.66 5747.30 5767.45 5893.15 5897.25 5899.83 5927.81

7 7 5 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 5 5 7 5 3 7 9 5 7 7 5 7 9 7 9 3 5 3 5 5 7 7 3 1 3 3 3 5 5 3 5 7 3 3 5 7 5 7 3 1 5 3 5 5 3 3 5 3 1 1

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 5 3 3 5 3 1 7 5 3 7 5 9 3 3 9 11 5 7 7 3 5 9 5 7 3 3 5 5 7 5 7 5 3 1 3 5 3 5 5 7 9 3 1 5 7 3 5 5 3 7 3 5 3 5 3 7 5 3 3

8

Weights

λ –1

1.07E-01 3.78E-03 3.42E-01 2.59E-02 3.06E-01 6.54E-01 8.71E-01 5.81E-01 6.01E-01 5.01E-01 7.36E-01 5.07E-01 8.93E-01 2.17E-01 5.00E-01 8.67E-01 1.07E+00 4.28E-01 2.88E-01 3.20E-01 7.11E-02 5.76E-02 1.77E-01 4.25E-02 1.51E-02 1.41E-01 4.20E-01 2.52E-01 4.65E-02 1.85E-01 2.59E-01 3.67E-01 3.31E-03 8.89E-02 3.34E-01 1.00E-01 4.75E-02 1.30E-01 2.40E-01 2.13E-01 4.04E-01 6.04E-01 4.53E-01 6.03E-01 3.51E-01 2.00E-01 1.50E-01 3.97E-02 3.74E-01 2.96E-01 5.25E-01 1.94E-01 1.24E-01 1.34E-02 3.40E-02 2.44E-02 2.88E-01 2.16E-01 1.60E-01 3.22E-01

Å 5931.78 5940.24 5941.65 5952.39 5960.91 6065.00 6284.32 6379.62 6482.05 6610.56 6857.03 6869.58 6887.83 7762.24 8438.74 8831.75 8855.30 8893.29

3 3 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 3 5

N III 374.198 451.871 452.227 684.998 685.515 685.817 686.336 763.334 764.351 771.545 771.901 772.384 772.889 772.955 979.832 979.905 989.799 991.511 991.577 1747.85 1751.22 1751.66 2972.55 2977.33 2978.84 2983.64 3342.76 3353.98 3354.32 3355.46 3358.78 3360.98 3365.80 3367.36 3374.07 3745.95 3752.63 3754.69 3762.60 3771.03

2 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 6 6 4 4 6 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 6 6 2 2 4 4 6

gi

5 3 7 5 3 5 3 3 3 7 3 5 7 5 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 6 4 4 6 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 2 2 4 2 6 4 4 2 4 4 4

gk

A 108 s–1 4.27E-01 2.26E-01 5.54E-01 1.27E-01 1.34E-02 2.21E-03 7.74E-02 6.11E-02 3.01E-01 6.34E-01 2.53E-01 2.51E-01 2.49E-01 8.74E-02 2.24E-01 8.42E-03 2.51E-02 4.12E-02 9.89E+01 1.03E+01 2.05E+01 9.63E+00 3.83E+01 4.54E+01 1.95E+01 9.58E+00 1.85E+01 8.19E+00 1.64E+01 2.45E+01 2.09E+01 2.34E+01 8.84E+00 9.21E+00 4.18E+00 8.17E-01 4.97E+00 1.28E+00 2.48E-01 1.51E+00 6.67E-01 3.32E-01 1.66E-01 8.24E-01 3.80E-01 7.66E-01 5.51E-01 7.51E-01 3.05E-01 2.44E-01 1.52E+00 1.27E+00 8.13E-01 1.90E-01 6.67E-02 3.78E-01 4.24E-02 5.59E-01

5/4/05 8:12:59 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3771.36 3792.97 3934.50 3938.51 3942.88 4097.36 4103.39 4195.74 4200.07 4215.77 4318.78 4321.22 4321.39 4325.43 4327.69 4327.88 4332.95 4337.01 4345.81 4351.11 4510.88 4510.96 4514.85 4518.14 4523.56 4530.86 4534.58 4547.30 4634.13 4640.64 4641.85 4858.70 4858.98 4861.27 4867.12 4867.17 4873.60 4881.78 4884.14 4896.58 5260.86 5270.57 5272.68 5282.43 5297.75 5298.95 5314.36 5320.87 5327.19 5352.46 6365.84 6394.75 6445.34 6450.79 6454.08 6463.09 6467.02 6468.57 6478.76 6487.84

Section 10.indb 135

6 8 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 6 8 8 2 4 6 2 4 4 6 6 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 8 6 6 8 8 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 6

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 6 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 2 6 4 8 2 6 4 8 6 4 6 8 2 4 2 6 4 4 6 4 4 6 8 4 10 6 4 8 6 2 4 2 4 6 4 6 8 6 6 2 4 4 2 6 4 8 2 6 4

8

10-135 λ

–1

8.28E-02 1.03E-01 7.49E-01 8.96E-01 1.49E-01 8.70E-01 8.67E-01 9.37E-01 1.12E+00 1.85E-01 5.40E-02 1.08E-01 5.03E-02 8.60E-02 3.06E-02 1.07E-01 1.23E-01 7.47E-02 1.82E-01 4.01E-02 2.84E-01 4.77E-01 6.80E-01 5.65E-01 3.61E-01 1.12E-01 2.01E-01 3.33E-02 6.36E-01 7.60E-01 1.26E-01 4.35E-01 4.66E-01 5.32E-01 1.73E-01 6.18E-01 1.50E-01 1.22E-02 8.71E-02 5.86E-03 2.80E-02 6.95E-02 1.39E-01 2.21E-02 4.93E-02 7.38E-02 1.14E-01 5.68E-01 5.29E-01 3.72E-02 2.18E-01 2.15E-01 8.89E-02 1.77E-01 1.49E-01 1.13E-01 2.11E-01 3.52E-02 6.31E-02 1.05E-02

Å 7371.51 7404.54 8307.51 8344.95 8386.39 8424.56

4 6 2 2 4 4

N IV 247.205 *283.52 *322.64 335.047 387.356 765.147 *923.16 955.334 1718.55 2649.88 3052.20 3059.60 3075.19 3443.61 3445.22 3454.65 3461.36 3463.36 3474.53 3478.72 *3480.8 3483.00 3484.93 3689.94 3694.14 3707.39 3714.43 3735.43 3747.54 4057.76 4740.26 4747.96 4752.49 4762.09 4769.86 4786.92 4796.66 5200.41 5204.28 5205.15 5226.70 5245.60 5272.35 5288.25 5736.93 5776.31 5784.76 5795.09 5812.31 5826.43 5843.84 6380.75

1 9 9 3 3 1 9 3 3 3 1 3 5 3 1 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 7 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 7 7 3 5 1 3 5 5 5 3 1 3 3 3 5 5 1

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 6 4 2 4 2 3 15 3 5 1 3 9 1 5 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 1 5 3 5 9 3 1 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 7 5 3 7 5 5 7 3 3 5 3 3 5 3 1 3 5 3 5 3

8

Weights

λ –1

3.53E-02 3.61E-02 1.65E-02 6.52E-02 8.03E-02 3.17E-02 1.19E+02 3.05E+02 8.99E+01 1.845E+02 2.55E+01 2.320E+01 1.759E+01 2.919E+01 2.321E+00 1.07E+00 1.33E-01 3.95E-01 6.48E-01 3.46E-01 4.60E-01 3.42E-01 1.36E+00 1.02E+00 5.61E-01 1.06E+00 1.06E+00 1.06E+00 1.06E+00 9.10E-02 2.27E-02 6.73E-02 1.34E-02 7.37E-02 9.92E-01 6.62E-01 1.53E-02 7.60E-02 1.13E-02 6.99E-02 2.50E-02 8.79E-02 1.53E-02 2.67E-01 3.55E-01 1.97E-01 1.46E-01 8.66E-02 9.48E-03 3.22E-02 1.84E-01 1.85E-02 5.51E-02 1.37E-02 1.36E-02 2.25E-02 4.01E-02 1.42E-01

Å

gi

3 5 3 15 7 5 3 5 7 9 5 7

gk

A 108 s–1

7103.24 7109.35 7111.28 *7116.8 7122.98 7127.25 7127.25 9165.07 9182.16 9222.99 9247.04 9311.55

1 3 3 9 5 5 5 3 5 7 5 7

6.28E-02 8.46E-02 4.70E-02 1.12E-01 1.12E-01 2.80E-02 3.11E-03 4.23E-02 4.45E-02 4.95E-02 7.66E-03 5.36E-03

NV *209.29 *247.66 1238.82 1242.80 4603.74 4619.97

2 6 2 2 2 2

6 10 4 2 4 2

1.21E+02 4.26E+02 3.40E+00 3.37E+00 4.14E-01 4.10E-01

N VI 24.8980 28.7870 *161.220 173.275 *173.93 185.192 *1901 2896.4 *6991.1 9622.0

1 1 3 1 9 3 3 1 3 1

3 3 9 3 15 5 9 3 9 3

5.158E+03 1.809E+04 2.859E+02 2.697E+02 8.756E+02 8.205E+02 6.780E-01 2.079E-01 8.384E-02 3.276E-02

5 1 3 5 5 5 5 1 5 1 5 3 1 7 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 1 3

5 3 5 3 5 7 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 7 3 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 1 3 3 5

4.94E+00 2.19E+00 1.64E+00 2.85E+00 5.12E+00 1.23E+00 1.33E+00 4.22E-01 5.28E+00 2.06E+00 3.41E+00 2.03E+00 6.76E-01 6.63E-03 1.87E-03 5.19E-03 5.59E-03 8.31E-04 1.63E-02 4.91E-03 4.88E-03 4.87E-03 3.10E-03 1.29E-03 1.03E-03 7.73E-04

Oxygen OI 791.973 792.938 792.967 877.798 877.879 922.008 935.193 1028.16 1152.15 1217.65 1302.17 1304.86 1306.03 3823.41 3823.87 3824.35 3825.02 3825.19 3855.01 3947.29 3947.48 3947.59 3951.93 3952.98 3953.00 3954.52

5/4/05 8:13:04 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-136 λ Å 3954.61 3997.95 4217.09 4222.77 4222.82 4233.27 4368.19 4368.24 4967.38 4967.88 4968.79 5019.29 5020.22 5329.11 5329.69 5330.74 5435.18 5435.77 5436.86 5512.60 5512.77 5554.83 5555.00 5958.39 5958.58 6046.23 6046.44 6046.49 6155.99 6156.78 6158.19 6324.84 6453.60 6454.44 6455.98 6726.28 6726.54 7001.92 7002.23 7254.15 7254.45 7254.53 7771.94 7774.17 7775.39 7981.94 7982.40 7986.98 7987.33 7995.07 8221.82 8227.65 8230.00 8233.00 8235.35 8446.25 8446.36 8446.76 8820.42 9260.81

Section 10.indb 136

5 5 3 5 1 5 3 3 3 5 7 5 7 3 5 7 3 5 7 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 7 7 3 5 7 5 5 3 5 3 5 1 5 5 5 3 1 3 5 5 7 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 3 1 3 3 5 1 5 5 7 9 5 5 5 7 9 5 5 5 5 7 3 3 5 7 3 3 3 5 7 9 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 7 3 3 3 7 5 3 3 3 5 5 7 7 3 5 3 5 1 5 3 7 1

8

λ –1

2.32E-03 2.41E-02 5.44E-03 2.26E-03 1.81E-03 4.04E-03 7.56E-03 7.59E-03 4.43E-03 8.44E-03 1.27E-02 7.13E-03 9.98E-03 9.48E-03 1.81E-02 2.71E-02 7.74E-03 1.29E-02 1.80E-02 2.69E-03 3.58E-03 5.83E-03 9.71E-03 6.80E-03 9.06E-03 1.05E-02 1.75E-02 3.50E-03 2.67E-02 5.08E-02 7.62E-02 3.76E-05 1.65E-02 2.75E-02 3.85E-02 1.18E-05 6.44E-06 2.65E-02 3.53E-02 2.24E-02 3.73E-02 7.45E-03 3.69E-01 3.69E-01 3.69E-01 2.33E-04 3.09E-04 4.19E-04 1.41E-04 5.63E-04 2.89E-01 8.13E-02 2.26E-01 2.43E-01 4.86E-02 3.22E-01 3.22E-01 3.22E-01 2.93E-01 4.46E-01

Å 9260.85 9260.94 9262.58 9262.67 9262.78 9265.83 9265.93 9266.01 9482.89 9622.11 9622.16 9625.26 9625.30 9694.66 9694.91 9695.06

3 3 5 5 5 7 7 7 5 5 3 7 7 5 5 5

O II 429.918 430.041 430.176 483.760 483.980 484.027 485.087 485.470 485.518 2290.85 2293.30 2300.33 2302.81 2365.14 2375.72 2406.38 2407.48 2411.60 2411.64 2415.13 2418.46 2425.57 2433.54 2436.06 2444.25 2445.53 2517.96 2523.21 2526.87 2530.28 2571.46 2575.28 3134.73 3273.43 3377.15 3390.21 3407.28 3712.74 3727.32 3749.48 3833.07 3842.81

4 4 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 4 4 2 4 6 6 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 6 2 4 8 8 2 2 6 2 4 6 6 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 5 3 5 7 5 7 9 3 3 3 5 7 7 5 3 2 4 6 2 4 4 8 6 6 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 6 6 4 4 4 6 6 2 4 8 4 6 6 6 2 4 6 4 4 4 8 4

8

Weights

λ –1

3.34E-01 1.56E-01 1.11E-01 2.60E-01 2.97E-01 2.97E-02 1.48E-01 4.45E-01 2.34E-01 5.22E-04 1.57E-03 3.25E-04 1.85E-03 4.54E-04 4.54E-04 4.54E-04 4.25E+01 4.13E+01 4.36E+01 2.05E+01 1.80E+01 3.22E+00 2.60E+01 1.20E+00 1.93E+01 7.41E-02 3.25E-01 4.17E-01 1.67E-01 1.52E-01 1.35E-01 1.85E-01 2.25E-01 2.05E-01 1.10E-01 2.20E-01 2.30E-01 1.77E-01 4.21E-01 1.69E-01 7.56E-02 4.98E-01 7.72E-02 9.63E-02 1.20E-01 8.16E-02 1.15E-01 1.37E-01 1.23E+00 9.99E-01 1.27E+00 1.22E+00 1.02E+00 2.84E-01 5.81E-01 9.31E-01 1.02E-02 7.45E-02

Å 3843.58 3847.89 3850.80 3851.03 3851.47 3856.13 3857.16 3863.50 3864.13 3864.43 3864.67 3874.09 3875.80 3882.19 3882.45 3883.14 3893.52 3907.45 3911.96 3912.12 3919.27 3945.04 3954.36 3973.26 3982.71 4069.62 4069.88 4072.15 4075.86 4078.84 4084.65 4085.11 4092.93 4094.14 4096.53 4097.22 4103.00 4104.72 4104.99 4106.02 4109.84 4110.19 4110.79 4112.02 4113.83 4119.22 4120.28 4120.55 4121.46 4129.32 4132.80 4140.70 4153.30 4156.53 4169.22 4185.44 4189.58 4189.79 4192.51 4196.27

4 2 4 4 8 4 6 6 2 6 6 2 8 8 4 8 4 6 6 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 8 4 6 6 8 6 4 2 2 4 4 8 6 6 4 6 8 6 6 6 2 4 2 4 4 6 6 6 8 8 6 4

gi

6 2 6 4 8 2 6 8 2 6 4 4 6 8 4 6 6 6 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 6 8 10 4 8 6 8 4 6 4 2 6 4 6 6 4 2 6 6 8 6 4 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 8 8 10 4 4

gk

A 108 s–1 3.55E-02 1.95E-01 6.00E-03 1.59E-01 2.72E-02 2.28E-01 6.59E-02 6.49E-02 9.12E-02 2.15E-01 1.80E-01 3.26E-02 3.38E-02 5.50E-01 8.94E-02 1.13E-01 1.89E-02 8.64E-02 1.09E+00 1.41E-01 1.22E+00 2.05E-01 8.57E-01 1.04E+00 4.27E-01 1.52E+00 1.53E+00 1.98E+00 2.11E+00 5.52E-01 7.28E-02 4.55E-01 2.65E-01 4.70E-02 1.73E-01 3.62E-01 5.09E-01 3.14E-01 9.14E-01 1.70E-02 1.21E-02 2.54E-01 7.70E-01 1.81E-01 2.41E-01 1.33E+00 2.15E-01 2.60E-01 5.60E-01 1.79E-01 9.13E-01 4.09E-02 7.91E-01 2.11E-01 2.71E-01 1.91E+00 7.06E-02 1.98E+00 3.21E-01 3.56E-02

5/4/05 8:13:09 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 4196.70 4317.14 4319.63 4319.87 4325.76 4327.46 4327.85 4328.59 4331.47 4331.86 4336.86 4345.56 4347.22 4347.41 4349.43 4351.26 4351.46 4359.40 4366.89 4369.27 4395.93 4405.98 4414.90 4416.97 4443.01 4443.52 4447.68 4448.19 4452.38 4466.24 4467.46 4563.18 4590.97 4595.96 4596.18 4638.86 4641.81 4649.13 4650.84 4661.63 4673.73 4676.23 4690.89 4691.42 4696.35 4698.44 4699.01 4699.22 4701.18 4701.71 4703.16 4705.35 4710.01 4741.70 4751.28 4752.69 4844.92 4856.39 4856.76 4860.97

Section 10.indb 137

4 2 4 2 2 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 2 6 6 8 8 4 2 2 4 6 6 4 2 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 6 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 4 6 2 2 6 4 2 6 4 4 2 4 4 6 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 4 6 8 6 8 4 4 2 4 8 6 6 4 6 8 2 4 2 6 4 2 4 6 8 6 4 2 6 8 6 6 8 6 6 6 4 4

8

10-137 λ

–1

3.56E-01 3.70E-01 2.55E-01 5.62E-01 1.47E-01 6.76E-01 7.24E-02 1.12E+00 4.82E-02 6.50E-01 1.57E-01 8.31E-01 1.19E-01 9.32E-01 6.91E-01 9.89E-01 5.82E-02 1.44E-02 3.98E-01 3.57E-01 3.91E-01 4.30E-02 8.34E-01 7.13E-01 5.05E-01 1.89E-02 2.52E-02 5.10E-01 1.37E-01 9.00E-01 9.00E-01 7.18E-03 8.85E-01 4.87E-02 8.34E-01 3.71E-01 5.96E-01 7.81E-01 6.86E-01 4.10E-01 1.35E-01 2.05E-01 1.86E-01 7.43E-01 3.25E-02 6.59E-02 9.88E-01 9.36E-01 9.23E-01 3.69E-01 9.20E-01 1.10E+00 2.98E-01 4.71E-02 6.39E-02 1.45E-02 1.02E-02 5.58E-02 1.00E-01 4.70E-01

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4864.88 4871.52 4872.02 4890.86 4906.83 4924.53 4941.07 4943.01 4955.71 5159.94 5175.90 5190.50 5206.65 5583.22 5611.07 6627.37 6641.03 6666.66 6677.87 6717.75 6721.39 6810.48 6844.10 6846.80 6869.48 6884.88 6895.10 6906.44 6907.87 6910.56

4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 6 4 8 6 4 10 8 4 6

2 6 4 2 4 6 4 6 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 8 6 8 6 4 8 6 2 4

O III 263.694 263.727 263.773 263.817 263.861 277.386 279.788 295.942 303.413 303.461 303.517 303.622 303.695 303.800 305.596 305.656 305.702 305.767 305.836 320.978 328.448 345.312 374.073 395.557 507.388 507.680 508.178 525.794

1 3 3 5 5 5 5 1 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 1 3 5 5

3 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 7 5 7 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3

8

Weights

λ –1

8.07E-02 5.60E-01 9.34E-02 4.80E-01 4.54E-01 5.43E-01 5.87E-01 7.78E-01 1.82E-01 3.29E-01 1.49E-01 1.26E-01 3.58E-01 2.17E-02 2.14E-02 1.73E-01 9.88E-02 6.78E-02 3.37E-02 1.33E-01 1.81E-01 1.64E-03 2.97E-03 3.17E-02 5.35E-02 6.12E-02 2.72E-01 2.48E-01 3.03E-01 2.43E-01 3.32E+01 4.48E+01 2.49E+01 5.97E+01 1.49E+01 9.43E+01 4.25E+01 5.56E+01 4.29E+01 1.29E+02 3.21E+01 3.21E+01 5.34E+01 9.61E+01 1.20E+02 1.62E+02 9.01E+01 2.16E+02 5.40E+01 2.17E+02 1.04E+02 1.35E+02 2.85E+01 2.80E+01 1.61E+01 4.82E+01 8.04E+01 9.60E+01

Å 597.814 599.590 702.337 702.838 832.929 835.092 835.289 1679.03 1686.73 1760.41 1764.46 1766.63 1772.28 1772.97 2390.43 2454.97 2665.68 2674.58 2683.66 2686.15 2687.55 2695.48 2794.14 2798.93 2809.66 2818.70 2836.31 2959.69 2983.78 2992.08 2996.48 2997.69 3004.34 3008.78 3017.62 3023.43 3024.36 3024.54 3035.41 3042.07 3047.10 3059.28 3064.98 3068.13 3068.26 3068.67 3074.14 3074.72 3075.13 3075.95 3083.65 3084.64 3088.04 3095.79 3115.67 3121.63 3132.79 3198.18 3201.14 3202.51

1 5 1 3 1 5 5 3 3 3 5 1 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 7 3 3 3 3 5 5 7 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 7 3 7 1 3 3 5 5 1 3 3 3 5 5 5 7 7 7 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 5

gi

3 5 3 1 3 5 7 5 3 5 5 3 1 3 3 1 5 5 1 5 3 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 7 5 3 7 5 5 3 3 1 5 3 3 1 3 5 7 3 5 9 7 5 9 7 1 3 5 5 3 7

gk

A 108 s–1 1.49E+01 5.41E+01 6.06E+00 1.83E+01 3.41E+00 1.44E+00 5.99E+00 6.57E-01 6.48E-01 8.38E-01 2.50E+00 1.11E+00 3.29E+00 1.37E+00 1.62E+00 3.43E+00 6.75E-01 1.11E+00 1.85E+00 1.54E+00 1.84E+00 1.82E+00 1.82E-01 4.52E-02 1.34E-01 2.66E-02 1.46E-01 1.83E+00 2.15E+00 9.32E-02 4.64E-01 6.88E-02 4.27E-01 1.53E-01 5.38E-01 4.79E-01 9.39E-02 6.16E-01 4.59E-01 1.94E+00 1.49E+00 8.72E-01 2.17E-01 6.49E-01 5.41E-02 2.27E-01 1.84E-01 3.76E-01 1.61E-01 1.07E-01 3.20E-01 2.55E-01 5.30E-01 1.35E-01 1.39E+00 1.38E+00 1.37E+00 9.57E-02 4.77E-01 7.08E-02

5/4/05 8:13:14 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-138 λ Å 3207.61 3210.58 3216.07 3221.21 3260.86 3265.33 3267.20 3281.83 3284.45 3299.39 3312.33 3326.06 3330.30 3330.32 3332.41 3332.93 3336.67 3336.69 3340.76 3344.20 3344.51 3347.98 3350.62 3350.92 3355.86 3362.31 3376.61 3376.76 3377.26 3382.61 3383.31 3383.81 3384.90 3394.22 3395.43 3406.88 3408.13 3415.26 3428.63 3430.57 3444.05 3446.68 3447.15 3447.97 3450.91 3451.30 3454.84 3454.99 3459.48 3459.94 3466.13 3466.85 3475.24 3520.94 3531.22 3533.38 3534.90 3555.24 3556.78 3695.38

Section 10.indb 138

5 5 7 7 5 7 3 5 7 1 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 7 5 7 7 7 3 3 3 5 5 5 7 7 7 1 3 3 3 5 5 3 1 5 7 3 5 9 5 7 9 7 9 1 3 3 3 5 5 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 3 7 5 7 9 5 5 7 3 3 3 5 5 3 7 3 5 3 5 7 5 3 7 7 5 1 3 5 7 3 5 9 7 5 3 1 3 5 3 5 5 3 7 9 3 5 11 3 7 9 5 7 3 1 3 5 3 5 5

8

λ –1

4.40E-01 1.58E-01 5.58E-01 9.75E-02 1.68E+00 1.88E+00 1.58E+00 2.89E-01 2.06E-01 1.64E-01 4.60E-01 2.65E-01 6.81E-01 4.76E-01 7.92E-01 5.04E-01 3.76E-01 8.77E-02 6.57E-01 1.25E-01 3.48E-01 4.86E-01 1.12E+00 9.91E-01 6.89E-01 6.87E-01 1.49E+00 1.12E+00 5.20E-01 9.86E-01 3.70E-01 8.62E-01 1.48E+00 4.88E-01 9.75E-02 1.93E-01 5.79E-01 1.44E-01 1.42E-01 2.37E-01 4.21E-01 9.71E-01 8.09E-01 1.19E+00 1.44E+00 8.06E-01 6.89E-01 1.72E+00 1.14E-01 5.14E-01 2.84E-01 6.82E-02 2.42E-02 1.50E-01 4.45E-01 1.11E-01 1.11E-01 1.82E-01 3.26E-01 4.01E-01

Å 3698.72 3703.36 3704.75 3707.27 3709.54 3712.49 3714.03 3715.09 3720.89 3721.95 3725.31 3728.51 3728.84 3729.80 3732.13 3734.83 3742.63 3746.90 3754.70 3757.23 3759.88 3774.03 3791.28 3810.98 3816.75 3961.57 4072.64 4073.98 4081.02 4089.30 4103.07 4118.60 4440.09 4447.69 4461.61 4524.22 4532.78 4535.29 4555.39 4557.91 5268.30 5508.24 5592.25

5 7 3 3 3 5 3 5 7 5 5 5 7 3 5 7 5 7 3 1 5 3 5 5 5 5 1 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 1 5 3

O IV 238.360 238.570 238.579 279.631 279.933 553.329 554.076 554.513 555.263 608.397 609.829 616.952 617.005 617.036 624.619

2 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 6 4 4 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

7 9 3 5 1 5 3 7 7 3 5 7 9 5 3 5 5 7 5 3 7 3 5 3 3 7 3 5 7 3 5 3 3 5 7 1 3 3 5 5 3 5 3 4 6 4 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 4

8

Weights

λ –1

7.62E-01 1.14E+00 8.53E-01 7.34E-01 1.13E+00 6.59E-01 4.06E-01 9.73E-01 3.74E-01 2.80E-01 2.41E-01 1.29E+00 1.45E+00 1.22E+00 2.67E-02 7.40E-02 2.24E-01 1.59E-01 7.53E-01 5.56E-01 9.79E-01 3.91E-01 2.24E-01 2.37E-02 9.63E-02 1.25E+00 3.37E-01 4.54E-01 6.02E-01 2.49E-01 1.48E-01 1.63E-02 4.42E-01 4.40E-01 4.36E-01 3.38E-01 1.40E-01 8.40E-02 2.49E-01 8.27E-02 3.50E-01 1.06E-01 3.27E-01 2.96E+02 3.54E+02 5.90E+01 2.68E+01 5.34E+01 1.22E+01 4.86E+01 6.06E+01 2.41E+01 1.21E+01 2.40E+01 2.60E+01 2.89E+00 2.89E+01 1.07E+01

Å 625.127 625.853 779.736 779.820 779.912 779.997 787.710 790.112 790.199 921.296 921.365 923.367 923.436 1338.61 1342.99 1343.51 2120.58 2132.64 2493.39 2493.75 2493.99 2499.27 2501.81 2507.73 2509.22 2510.58 2517.37 2781.22 2803.57 2805.87 2812.50 2816.53 2829.17 2836.27 2916.31 2921.46 2926.18 3063.43 3071.60 3177.89 3180.77 3180.99 3185.74 3188.22 3188.64 3194.78 3199.58 3209.65 3216.31 3348.06 3349.11 3354.27 3362.55 3375.40 3378.02 3381.21 3381.30 3385.52 3390.19 3396.80

4 6 6 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 2 6 2 6 4 8 6 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 6 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 6 2 4

gi

4 4 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 4 2 6 2 4 2 4 4 6 4 6 4 4 6 4 4 2 4 2 6 4 8 2 6 4 8 6 4 6 2 4 6 4 6 4 8 2 4

gk

A 108 s–1 2.13E+01 3.19E+01 1.46E+00 1.31E+01 1.36E+01 9.70E-01 5.95E+00 1.18E+00 7.08E+00 2.21E+00 8.83E+00 1.10E+01 4.39E+00 2.17E+00 4.29E-01 2.57E+00 1.05E+00 1.29E+00 1.18E+00 8.48E-01 6.09E-01 4.68E-01 3.73E-01 2.32E+00 1.94E+00 1.19E+00 1.24E+00 1.03E-01 1.26E-01 2.90E-01 3.58E-02 5.74E-01 1.56E-01 8.43E-01 1.06E+00 1.27E+00 2.11E-01 1.30E+00 1.29E+00 7.59E-02 1.51E-01 7.06E-02 1.21E-01 4.28E-02 1.50E-01 1.71E-01 1.04E-01 2.53E-01 5.56E-02 8.51E-01 1.02E+00 7.71E-01 7.65E-01 7.56E-01 1.66E-01 7.19E-01 4.28E-01 1.02E+00 8.49E-01 5.40E-01

5/4/05 8:13:20 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3405.77 3409.70 3411.30 3411.69 3425.55 3489.89 3492.21 3493.43 3560.39 3563.33 3593.08 3725.89 3725.94 3729.03 3736.68 3736.85 3744.89 3758.39 3930.68 3942.06 3945.31 3956.77 3974.58 3977.09 3995.08 4687.03 4772.60 4779.10 4783.42 4794.18 4798.27 4813.15 5305.51 5362.51 6876.49 6931.60 7004.11 7061.30

4 6 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 6 6 2 4 6 4 8 6 8 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 2 2 2 4 4 6 6 4 6 2 2 4 4

OV 172.169 *192.85 *215.17 220.353 248.460 629.732 758.677 759.442 760.227 760.446 761.128 762.004 774.518 1371.30 2729.31 2731.45 2743.61 2752.23 2755.13 2769.69

1 9 9 3 3 1 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 5

Section 10.indb 139

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 6 4 6 4 6 4 4 6 8 6 4 6 8 4 10 6 8 2 4 2 4 6 4 6 4 4 2 6 4 8 6 4 6 4 2 4 2 3 15 3 5 1 3 5 3 3 5 1 3 1 5 5 3 3 1 5 3

8

10-139 λ

–1

1.67E-01 3.00E-01 1.69E-01 1.02E+00 4.94E-02 7.29E-01 6.06E-01 1.21E-01 1.03E+00 1.10E+00 7.15E-02 5.61E-01 6.01E-01 6.86E-01 2.23E-01 7.95E-01 1.92E-01 1.11E-01 3.80E-02 9.42E-02 1.88E-01 2.98E-02 6.62E-02 9.91E-02 1.52E-01 2.79E-01 1.23E-01 2.45E-01 2.06E-01 1.56E-01 2.91E-01 8.65E-02 6.10E-02 6.12E-02 1.88E-02 7.35E-02 8.90E-02 3.48E-02 2.94E+02 6.90E+02 1.83E+02 4.292E+02 5.59E+01 2.872E+01 5.547E+00 7.373E+00 5.514E+00 1.652E+01 2.197E+01 9.125E+00 3.804E+01 3.336E+00 4.52E-01 5.90E-01 4.38E-01 1.82E+00 1.37E+00 7.88E-01

Å 2781.01 *2784.0 2786.99 2789.85 3058.68 3144.66 3219.24 3222.29 3227.54 3239.21 3248.28 3263.54 3275.64 3297.62 3690.17 3698.36 3702.72 3717.31 3725.63 3746.64 3761.58 4119.37 4120.49 4123.96 4125.49 4134.11 4153.27 4158.86 4178.46 4213.35 4522.66 4554.53 5114.06 5339.94 5349.74 5372.71 5414.59 5428.38 5471.12 5571.81 5580.12 5583.23 *5589.9 5597.89 5604.27 5607.41 6330.05 6460.12 6466.14 6500.24 6543.77 6601.28 6764.72 6789.62 6817.40 6828.95 6878.76

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 5 7 3 3 5 5 5 7 7 3 3 5 1 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 1 1 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 3 9 5 5 5 5 3 5 7 5 7 1 3 3 5 5

O VI *150.10

2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 9 3 1 5 5 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 3 7 5 3 7 5 5 1 7 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 5 3 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 15 7 5 3 7 5 7 9 5 7 3 5 3 7 5 6

8

Weights

λ –1

1.40E+00 1.40E+00 1.39E+00 1.38E+00 1.39E+00 8.86E-01 1.54E-01 1.16E-01 3.38E-02 3.28E-01 1.18E-01 1.86E-02 4.76E-01 1.30E-01 1.97E-02 1.03E-01 1.41E-02 9.63E-02 2.91E-02 1.18E-01 1.61E-02 3.66E-01 3.33E-01 4.81E-01 2.70E-01 3.34E-01 1.92E-01 3.39E-01 1.12E-01 1.19E-02 1.02E-02 2.41E-01 1.80E-01 1.85E-02 7.04E-02 1.42E-02 9.29E-03 2.68E-02 4.86E-02 8.33E-02 1.11E-01 6.20E-02 1.49E-01 1.48E-01 3.68E-02 4.08E-03 1.21E-01 9.37E-02 1.01E-01 1.11E-01 1.64E-02 1.14E-02 4.37E-02 5.79E-02 3.00E-02 7.35E-02 1.65E-02 2.62E+02

Å

gi

10 4 2 4 2

gk

A 108 s–1

*173.03 1031.91 1037.61 3811.35 3834.24

6 2 2 2 2

8.78E+02 4.16E+00 4.09E+00 5.14E-01 5.05E-01

O VII 18.6270 21.6020 *120.33 128.411 *128.46 135.820 *1630.3 2448.98 *5933.1 8241.76

1 1 3 1 9 3 3 1 3 1

3 3 9 3 15 5 9 3 9 3

9.365E+03 3.309E+04 5.334E+02 8.982E+02 1.615E+03 1.523E+03 7.935E-01 2.514E-01 1.002E-01 3.864E-02

PI 1671.7 1674.6 1679.7 1775.0 1782.9 1787.7 2135.5 2136.2 2149.1 2152.9 2154.1 2154.1 2534.0 2535.6 2553.3 2554.9

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4

2 4 6 6 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 6 4 4 2 2

3.9E-01 4.0E-01 3.9E-01 2.17E+00 2.14E+00 2.13E+00 2.11E-01 2.83E+00 3.18E+00 4.85E-01 1.73E-01 5.8E-01 2.00E-01 9.5E-01 7.1E-01 3.00E-01

P II 1301.9 1304.5 1304.7 1305.5 1309.9 1310.7 4475.3 4499.2 4530.8 4554.8 4588.0 4589.9 4602.1 4943.5 5253.5 5425.9 6024.2 6043.1

1 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 3 7 7 3 5 3 5

3 1 3 5 3 5 7 7 5 5 7 5 9 5 5 5 5 7

5.0E-01 1.5E+00 3.7E-01 3.8E-01 6.2E-01 1.1E+00 1.3E+00 1.4E+00 1.0E+00 9.6E-01 1.7E+00 1.6E+00 1.9E+00 6.3E-01 1.0E+00 6.9E-01 5.1E-01 6.8E-01

P III 1334.8 1344.3 1344.8

2 4 4

4 6 4

5.5E-01 6.4E-01 1.1E-01

Phosphorus

5/4/05 8:13:23 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-140 λ Å 4057.4 4059.3 4080.1

4 6 4

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 4 2

8

λ –1

1.0E-01 9.0E-01 9.9E-01

Potassium KI 4044.1 4047.2 5084.2 5099.2 5323.3 5339.7 5343.0 5359.6 5782.4 5801.8 5812.2 5831.9 6911.1 6938.8 7664.9 7699.0

2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2

4 2 2 2 2 2 4 6 2 2 4 6 2 2 4 2

1.24E-02 1.24E-02 3.50E-03 7.0E-03 6.3E-03 1.26E-02 4.0E-03 4.6E-03 1.23E-02 2.46E-02 2.8E-03 3.2E-03 2.72E-02 5.4E-02 3.87E-01 3.82E-01

K II 607.93

1

3

1.3E-02

K III 2550.0 2635.1 2992.4 3052.1 3202.0 3289.1 3322.4 3421.8

6 4 6 4 4 4 6 2

4 4 8 6 4 6 6 4

2.0E+00 1.2E+00 2.5E+00 1.7E+00 1.8E+00 2.0E+00 1.3E+00 1.5E+00

K XVI 206.27

1

3

9.4E+01

K XVII 22.020 22.163 22.18 22.60 22.76

2 4 4 2 4

4 6 4 2 2

4.7E+04 5.6E+04 9.3E+03 2.5E+03 4.7E+03

15 15 19 17 15 13 15 15 17 15 13 13 15 17

1.87E-01 1.00E+00 8.4E-01 5.8E-01 5.2E-01 3.91E-01 2.30E-01 1.1E-01 9.0E-02 2.28E-01 1.24E-01 1.54E-01 1.16E-01 4.9E-02

Praseodymium Pr II 3997.0 4062.8 4100.7 4143.1 4179.4 4222.9 4241.0 4359.8 4405.8 4429.3 4449.8 4468.7 4510.2 4534.2

Section 10.indb 140

15 13 17 15 13 11 17 15 17 15 13 11 13 15

Å 4734.2 4879.1 4886.0 4912.6 5034.4 5110.8 5135.1 5173.9 5219.1 5220.1 5251.7 5259.7 5292.6 5810.6 5879.3 6200.8 6278.7 6398.0

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

15 15 15 17 19 21 17 19 15 17 15 15 13 17 15 15 13 11

13 15 15 15 19 19 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 19 15 17 15 13

8 6 6 10 4 6 6 6 6 8 6 4 8 4 8 4 6 10 6 6 4 6 6 4 10 6 8 4 6 4 8 6 6 4 6 8 8 6 6

6 4 6 8 6 6 4 6 4 8 8 4 10 2 6 4 4 10 8 6 4 6 8 6 10 8 8 4 6 6 10 4 8 2 4 8 6 8 4

8

2.5E-02 1.8E-02 1.3E-02 5.7E-02 1.1E-01 2.78E-01 1.25E-01 3.18E-01 9.5E-02 2.35E-01 1.1E-02 2.24E-01 9.3E-02 2.3E-02 7.6E-02 1.8E-02 2.6E-02 1.9E-02

Rhodium Rh I 3083.96 3114.91 3121.76 3123.70 3137.71 3189.05 3197.13 3263.14 3271.61 3280.55 3283.57 3289.14 3323.09 3331.09 3338.54 3360.80 3368.38 3396.82 3399.70 3462.04 3470.66 3478.91 3484.04 3498.73 3502.52 3507.32 3528.02 3543.95 3549.54 3570.18 3583.10 3596.19 3597.15 3612.47 3620.46 3654.87 3657.99 3666.22 3690.70

Weights

λ –1

4.8E-02 4.45E-02 1.1E-01 4.6E-02 3.3E-02 3.03E-01 4.35E-02 1.3E-01 2.0E-01 2.36E-01 4.4E-01 1.0E-01 6.3E-01 5.40E-02 3.5E-02 1.2E-01 1.1E-01 6.5E-01 1.2E-01 6.2E-01 8.5E-01 3.32E-01 9.3E-03 2.12E-01 4.3E-01 3.4E-01 8.5E-01 4.65E-01 2.22E-01 1.82E-01 2.6E-01 5.5E-01 5.9E-01 8.90E-01 8.5E-02 6.0E-02 8.8E-01 8.4E-02 3.23E-01

Å 3692.36 3700.91 3713.02 3788.47 3793.22 3799.31 3806.76 3818.19 3822.26 3828.48 3833.89 3856.52 3872.39 3877.34 3913.51 3922.19 3934.23 3942.72 3958.86 3984.40 3995.61 4053.44 4056.34 4082.78 4097.52 4121.68 4128.87 4135.27 4196.50 4211.14 4244.44 4278.60 4288.71 4373.04 4374.80 4379.92 4492.47 4528.72 4548.73 4551.64 4565.19 4569.00 4608.12 4675.03 4721.00 4745.11 4755.58 4842.43 4963.71 4977.75 4979.18 5090.63 5120.69 5130.76 5155.54 5184.19 5212.73 5292.14 5390.44 5424.72

gi

10 8 4 4 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 8 4 8 8 4 8 4 6 4 4 2 6 6 2 6 6 8 6 8 4 4 6 2 8 6 6 6 4 4 4 6 2 8 6 6 4 6 2 4 4 6 6 4 2 6 4 10 4 4

8 10 4 6 6 8 6 4 6 6 4 10 6 6 8 2 8 2 8 4 6 2 4 4 4 6 8 8 8 10 4 6 8 4 10 6 6 8 6 4 4 8 2 8 4 6 4 8 2 4 6 6 8 4 4 8 2 10 6 4

gk

A 108 s–1 9.1E-01 3.9E-01 8.3E-02 1.4E-01 4.2E-01 5.5E-01 6.2E-02 5.8E-01 8.5E-01 6.2E-01 5.8E-01 5.9E-01 6.7E-03 3.7E-02 2.5E-03 6.25E-02 1.58E-01 7.15E-01 5.5E-01 1.1E-01 4.7E-02 2.8E-02 9.5E-03 1.4E-01 7.0E-02 9.8E-02 1.73E-01 1.0E-01 3.9E-02 1.62E-01 6.5E-03 9.2E-03 6.1E-02 1.8E-02 1.64E-01 2.48E-02 4.5E-03 1.35E-02 5.5E-03 4.00E-02 1.1E-02 1.0E-02 2.1E-02 6.4E-03 3.43E-03 5.2E-03 6.0E-03 1.6E-03 3.0E-02 9.8E-03 1.0E-02 5.0E-03 3.1E-03 4.35E-03 9.8E-03 1.6E-03 5.95E-03 3.7E-03 9.5E-03 5.0E-03

5/4/05 8:13:28 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 5599.42 5983.60

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

λ –1

6 10

8 10

1.3E-02 2.1E-02

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2

4.13E-05 4.93E-05 8.2E-05 1.05E-04 1.49E-04 2.5E-04 1.3E-04 3.38E-04 2.0E-04 6.4E-04 3.8E-04 1.37E-03 8.9E-04 3.97E-03 2.9E-03 1.8E-02 1.5E-02 3.70E-01 3.40E-01

4 6 4 4 6 4 6 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 4 6 4

4 6 4 2 4 6 6 6 4 6 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 2 6 4 4 6 6 4 6 4 6 8 6 4 2 4 6

2.0E-01 2.0E-01 5.8E-02 4.8E-01 4.6E-01 2.8E-01 4.1E-02 4.1E-02 2.5E-01 2.4E-01 4.1E-02 4.6E-02 1.7E-01 1.3E-01 2.8E-01 2.1E-01 4.9E-02 1.61E-01 2.4E-02 3.1E-01 1.49E-01 3.2E-01 7.5E-02 5.5E-01 5.4E-01 6.9E-02 7.8E-01 8.7E-01 1.00E-01 3.2E-01 3.13E+00 2.81E+00 1.66E+00

Rubidium Rb I 3022.5 3032.0 3044.2 3060.2 3082.0 3112.6 3113.1 3157.5 3158.3 3228.0 3229.2 3348.7 3350.8 3587.1 3591.6 4201.8 4215.5 7800.3 7947.6 Scandium Sc I 2116.7 2120.4 2262.3 2266.6 2270.9 2280.8 2289.6 2311.29 2315.69 2320.32 2324.75 2328.19 2334.67 2346.03 2429.19 2438.63 2468.40 2692.78 2699.02 2706.74 2707.93 2711.34 2965.88 2974.01 2980.76 2988.97 3015.37 3019.35 3030.76 3255.68 3269.90 3273.63 3907.48

Section 10.indb 141

10-141

Å 3911.81 3933.38 3996.60 4020.39 4023.22 4023.68 4031.38 4036.86 4043.80 4047.80 4051.83 4054.54 4067.00 4067.63 4074.96 4078.56 4080.57 4082.39 4086.66 4087.47 4093.12 4094.86 4098.36 4132.98 4140.27 4147.38 4161.85 4171.53 4186.42 4187.61 4193.53 4204.52 4205.20 4212.32 4212.48 4216.08 4218.23 4225.54 4225.69 4231.64 4233.59 4238.05 4239.55 4246.14 4542.55 4544.67 4706.94 4709.31 4711.72 4714.30 4719.31 4728.77 4729.20 4729.24 4734.11 4737.65 4741.02 4743.82 4973.67 4980.36

gi

6 6 4 4 4 6 6 6 8 6 8 4 6 10 4 2 4 6 6 4 4 6 8 4 6 6 8 6 6 8 4 6 10 4 6 2 4 6 4 4 6 8 6 8 6 8 4 6 2 4 6 8 4 6 4 6 8 10 4 6

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 6 6 4 4 6 6 4 8 4 6 2 8 8 6 4 4 4 8 6 4 6 8 6 8 6 8 4 8 6 6 8 8 6 6 4 4 8 6 4 6 8 4 6 4 6 6 8 4 4 6 8 4 6 2 4 6 8 2 4

8

Weights

λ –1

1.79E+00 1.62E-01 1.65E-01 1.63E+00 3.0E-01 1.65E+00 2.9E-01 7.9E-02 3.11E-01 1.54E-01 7.7E-02 1.67E-01 1.91E-01 4.1E-02 3.7E-01 4.3E-01 6.6E-02 2.73E-01 3.7E-01 1.12E-01 1.23E-01 1.44E-01 8.7E-02 1.19E+00 1.17E+00 1.74E-01 1.77E-01 1.36E-01 8.4E-02 1.28E-01 6.1E-02 3.5E-02 1.12E-01 1.58E-01 8.6E-02 2.36E-01 2.26E-01 9.5E-02 7.6E-02 1.31E-01 4.0E-01 7.1E-01 2.27E-01 1.15E-01 1.28E-01 1.33E-01 2.81E-01 4.0E-01 1.81E-01 2.14E-01 1.04E-01 1.16E-01 2.20E-01 1.93E-01 1.10E+00 8.8E-01 9.1E-01 9.8E-01 8.4E-01 5.6E-01

Å 4983.43 4991.91 4995.00 5018.41 5021.52 5064.31 5066.38 5070.17 5072.71 5075.82 5080.22 5081.56 5083.72 5085.55 5086.94 5096.72 5099.27 5101.12 5331.79 5339.43 5341.07 5349.34 5350.28 5355.79 5356.10 5375.37 5392.06 5416.16 5416.41 5425.55 5429.42 5432.98 5433.25 5438.28 5439.04 5442.62 5446.20 5451.37 5455.24 5464.95 5468.40 5472.19 5482.01 5484.63 5514.23 5520.52 5526.10 5541.07 5631.04 5671.83 5686.86 5700.19 5708.64 5711.79 5717.31 5724.13 5988.43 6026.16 6146.20 6198.43

gi

4 6 4 6 4 8 6 6 2 4 4 10 8 6 4 6 4 10 4 6 4 6 8 6 8 8 10 4 6 6 2 4 6 4 2 4 8 6 4 4 6 8 8 6 6 8 4 6 2 10 8 6 10 4 8 6 6 4 6 4

4 6 6 4 4 10 6 8 4 6 4 10 8 6 4 4 6 8 4 6 2 4 8 4 6 6 8 6 6 8 4 4 4 6 2 2 8 6 4 2 4 6 8 6 8 10 4 6 4 12 10 8 10 6 8 6 6 4 8 6

gk

A 108 s–1 2.58E-01 3.8E-01 5.9E-02 2.09E-01 2.30E-01 7.3E-02 3.6E-02 1.16E-01 2.0E-02 1.15E-01 4.1E-02 7.6E-01 6.2E-01 5.7E-01 6.6E-01 1.69E-01 1.50E-01 8.8E-02 1.11E-01 1.06E-01 3.8E-01 5.9E-01 6.8E-02 3.0E-01 5.7E-01 3.4E-01 4.2E-01 4.4E-02 2.0E-02 4.5E-02 9.0E-02 5.4E-02 9.7E-02 3.4E-02 1.74E-01 2.15E-01 2.8E-01 1.50E-01 6.6E-02 3.2E-02 9.7E-02 9.7E-02 5.2E-01 5.2E-01 4.1E-01 4.3E-01 7.1E-02 5.5E-02 3.0E-02 5.4E-01 4.9E-01 4.6E-01 4.7E-02 4.5E-01 7.5E-02 7.4E-02 6.6E-02 7.2E-02 4.2E-02 3.5E-02

5/4/05 8:13:30 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-142 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

6249.96 6262.22 6280.16 6284.16 6284.73 6293.02 7741.16 7800.42

6 4 2 6 4 2 10 8

8 6 4 6 4 2 10 8

Sc II 1880.6 2064.3 2068.0 2273.1 2545.20 2552.35 2555.79 2560.23 2563.19 2611.19 2667.70 2746.36 2782.31 2789.15 2801.31 2819.49 2822.12 2826.64 2870.85 2912.98 2979.68 2988.92 3039.92 3045.73 3052.92 3060.54 3065.12 3075.36 3128.27 3133.07 3139.72 3190.98 3199.33 3312.72 3320.40 3343.23 3353.72 3359.67 3361.26 3361.93 3368.94 3372.15 3379.16 3535.71 3558.53 3567.70 3572.53 3576.34 3580.93 3589.63

5 7 5 1 5 7 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 7 9 3 5 7 5 5 3 5 7 5 7 7 9 9 3 5 7 3 5 5 5 9 5 5 3 3 5 7 3 5 5 3 7 5 3 5

3 5 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 5 5 1 5 7 9 5 7 9 3 3 5 7 9 7 9 7 11 9 3 5 7 3 3 7 3 7 7 5 3 1 3 5 3 3 7 5 7 5 3 3

Section 10.indb 142

8

λ –1

3.2E-02 8.4E-02 4.0E-02 3.9E-02 7.1E-02 1.04E-01 3.8E-02 5.1E-02 5.0E+00 2.2E+00 2.0E+00 7.7E+00 4.0E-01 2.21E+00 6.9E-01 2.01E+00 2.70E+00 2.2E+00 1.5E+00 3.9E+00 1.3E+00 1.3E+00 1.3E+00 2.3E+00 2.5E+00 2.8E+00 1.1E+00 1.1E+00 1.2E+00 2.9E+00 3.5E+00 3.68E+00 3.92E+00 3.0E-01 4.00E+00 2.5E-01 1.9E+00 1.8E+00 2.1E+00 1.1E+00 1.9E+00 1.2E+00 1.2E+00 1.1E+00 1.51E+00 2.16E-01 3.4E-01 1.17E+00 8.3E-01 9.9E-01 2.5E+00 6.1E-01 3.0E-01 3.5E-01 1.38E+00 1.06E+00 1.23E+00 4.6E-01

Å 3590.47 3613.83 3630.74 3642.78 3645.31 3651.80 3859.59 4246.82 4314.08 4320.75 4325.00 4374.46 4400.39 4415.54 4670.41 5031.01 5239.81 5526.79 5657.91 5669.06

7 7 5 3 7 5 7 5 9 7 5 9 7 5 5 5 1 9 5 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 9 7 5 7 5 5 5 7 5 3 9 7 5 7 3 3 7 5 1

8

2.9E-01 1.48E+00 1.20E+00 1.13E+00 2.74E-01 3.0E-01 1.1E+00 1.29E+00 4.1E-01 4.0E-01 4.3E-01 1.48E-01 1.43E-01 1.47E-01 1.16E-01 3.5E-01 1.39E-01 3.3E-01 1.04E-01 1.31E-01

Silicon Si I 1977.6 1979.2 1980.6 1983.2 1986.4 1989.0 2208.0 2210.9 2211.7 2216.7 2218.1 2506.9 2514.3 2516.1 2519.2 2524.1 2528.5 2532.4 2631.3 2881.6 3905.5 4738.8 4783.0 4792.3 4818.1 4821.2 4947.6 5006.1 5622.2 5690.4 5708.4 5754.2 5772.1 5948.5 7226.2 7405.8 7409.1

1 3 3 3 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 3 1 5 3 3 5 1 1 5 1 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 3 5

3 1 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 7 5 5 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 7 5 1 5 3 3 5 3 1 5 5 5 7

Weights

λ –1

1.8E-01 5.1E-01 1.3E-01 1.4E-01 2.1E-01 4.1E-01 3.11E-01 4.16E-01 2.32E-01 5.5E-01 1.38E-01 4.66E-01 6.1E-01 1.21E+00 4.56E-01 1.81E+00 7.7E-01 2.6E-01 9.7E-01 1.89E+00 1.18E-01 1.0E-02 1.7E-02 1.7E-02 1.1E-02 8.0E-03 4.2E-02 2.8E-02 1.6E-02 1.2E-02 1.4E-02 1.5E-02 3.6E-02 2.2E-02 7.9E-03 3.7E-02 2.3E-02

Å

gi

5 5 7 9 5

gk

A 108 s–1

7680.3 7918.4 7932.3 7944.0 7970.3

3 3 5 7 5

4.6E-02 5.2E-02 5.1E-02 5.8E-02 7.1E-03

Si II 989.87 992.68 1020.7 1190.4 1193.3 1194.5 1197.4 1248.4 1251.2 1260.4 1264.7 1304.4 1309.3 1526.7 1533.5 1808.0 2904.3 2905.7 3210.0 4128.1 4130.9 5041.0 5056.0 5957.6 5978.9 6347.1 6371.4 7848.8 7849.7

2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 6 4 4 6 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 6

4 6 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 6 2 2 2 2 4 6 8 6 6 8 4 6 2 2 4 2 6 8

6.7E+00 8.0E+00 1.3E+00 6.9E+00 2.8E+01 3.6E+01 1.4E+01 1.3E+01 1.9E+01 2.0E+01 2.3E+01 3.6E+00 7.0E+00 3.73E+00 7.4E+00 3.7E-02 6.7E-01 7.1E-01 4.6E-01 1.32E+00 1.42E+00 9.8E-01 1.2E+00 4.2E-01 8.1E-01 7.0E-01 6.9E-01 3.9E-01 4.2E-01

Si III 883.40 994.79 997.39 1141.6 1144.3 1161.6 1206.5 1206.5 1207.5 1294.5 1296.7 1298.9 1299.0 1301.2 1303.3 1328.8 1417.2 1435.8 1589.0 1778.7 1783.1 3241.6 *3486.9

5 3 5 3 5 5 1 3 5 3 1 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 5 7 5 5 15

7 3 3 5 7 5 3 5 5 5 3 3 5 1 3 3 1 7 3 9 7 3 21

6.3E+01 7.89E+00 1.31E+01 3.0E+01 3.9E+01 1.6E+01 2.59E+01 4.89E+01 1.9E+01 5.42E+00 7.19E+00 5.36E+00 1.61E+01 2.13E+01 8.85E+00 2.7E+01 2.60E+01 2.1E+01 1.1E+01 4.4E+00 3.8E+00 2.3E+00 1.8E+00

5/4/05 8:13:35 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

3590.5 4552.6 4554.0 4567.8 4683.0 4716.7 5451.5 5473.1 5716.3 5739.7 7462.6 7466.3 7612.4

3 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 9 1 5 7 3

Si IV 457.82 458.16 515.12 516.35 *560.50 *749.94 815.05 818.13 *860.74 *1066.6 1122.5 1128.3 1128.3 1393.8 1402.8 *1724.1

2 2 2 4 6 10 2 4 10 10 2 4 4 2 2 10

4 2 2 2 10 14 2 2 6 14 4 4 6 4 2 6

3.6E+00 3.6E+00 4.1E+00 8.2E+00 1.0E+00 1.45E+01 1.23E+01 2.44E+01 1.8E+00 3.91E+01 2.05E+01 4.03E+00 2.42E+01 7.73E+00 7.58E+00 5.5E+00

Si V 96.439 97.143 117.86

1 1 1

3 3 3

4.8E+02 2.0E+03 3.0E+02

Si VI 246.00 249.12

4 2

2 2

1.7E+02 8.5E+01

Si VII 217.83 272.64 274.18 275.35 275.67 276.84 278.45

5 5 3 5 3 1 3

3 3 1 5 3 3 5

4.3E+02 5.1E+01 1.2E+02 8.9E+01 3.0E+01 3.9E+01 2.9E+01

Si VIII 214.76 216.92 232.86 235.56 250.45 250.79 314.31 316.20 319.83

4 6 2 4 2 4 4 4 4

2 4 2 4 2 2 2 4 6

4.1E+02 3.6E+02 8.0E+01 9.7E+01 7.7E+01 1.6E+02 5.2E+01 5.0E+01 4.9E+01

Si IX 223.73

1

3

4.2E+01

Section 10.indb 143

5 5 3 3 5 7 5 7 7 3 3 5 5

8

10-143

3.9E+00 1.26E+00 7.6E-01 1.25E+00 9.5E-01 2.8E+00 6.0E-01 7.9E-01 1.9E-01 4.7E-01 4.9E-01 5.4E-01 1.1E+00

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 3 5 9 15

8

225.03 227.01 227.30 258.10 *294.37 *347.36

3 5 5 5 9 9

Si X 253.77 256.57 258.35 261.05 272.00 277.26 287.08 289.19 292.22 *347.73 *353.09

2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 6 10 6

4 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 10 10

2.9E+01 1.1E+02 1.4E+02 5.4E+01 3.0E+01 5.7E+01 2.6E+01 5.0E+01 7.3E+01 4.3E+01 2.1E+01

Si XI 43.763 *49.116 49.222 52.296 303.30 358.29 358.63 361.41 364.50 365.42 368.28 371.48 604.14 2300.8

1 9 3 3 1 3 3 1 3 5 3 5 3 1

3 3 5 1 3 1 5 3 3 5 1 3 5 3

6.11E+03 2.45E+03 8.9E+03 7.6E+02 6.42E+01 1.03E+02 1.38E+01 1.80E+01 1.32E+01 3.90E+01 5.1E+01 2.07E+01 1.12E+01 4.34E-01

Si XII *40.924 *44.118 499.43 520.72 1862 1949 4620 4942

2 6 2 2 2 2 2 4

6 10 4 2 4 2 4 6

4.42E+03 1.4E+04 9.56E+00 8.47E+00 1.15E+00 1.0E+00 4.6E-02 4.5E-02

1.2E+02 2.0E+02 2.3E+02 1.04E+02 5.9E+01 2.2E+01

2 2 2 2 2 4 4

4 2 4 2 4 6 4

3.1E-02 1.5E-02 1.4E+00 1.3E+00 7.5E-01 8.6E-01 1.4E-01

2 2 2

4 2 4

2.81E-02 2.81E-02 7.7E-03

Silver Ag I 2061.2 2069.9 3280.7 3382.9 5209.1 5465.5 5471.6 Sodium Na I 3302.4 3303.0 4390.0

Weights

λ –1

Å

gi

4 6 4 6 4 4 4 6 2 2 4 4 6 2 2 4 6 4 4 2 2 2 4 6 4 2 2

gk

A 108 s–1

4393.3 4393.3 4494.2 4497.7 4497.7 4664.8 4668.6 4668.6 4747.9 4751.8 4978.5 4982.8 4982.8 5148.8 5153.4 5682.6 5688.2 5688.2 5890.0 5895.9 6154.2 6160.8 8183.3 8194.8 8194.8 11381 11404

4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 4 2 4

1.6E-03 9.2E-03 1.2E-02 1.4E-02 2.4E-03 2.33E-02 4.1E-03 2.5E-02 6.3E-03 1.27E-02 4.1E-02 8.2E-03 4.89E-02 1.17E-02 2.33E-02 1.03E-01 1.2E-01 2.1E-02 6.11E-01 6.10E-01 2.6E-02 5.2E-02 4.53E-01 5.4E-01 9.0E-02 8.9E-02 1.76E-01

Na II 300.15 301.44 372.08

1 1 1

3 3 3

3.0E+01 4.9E+01 3.4E+01

Na III 378.14 380.10 1991.0 2004.2 2011.9 2151.5 2174.5 2230.3 2232.2 2246.7 2459.3 2468.9 2497.0

4 2 4 2 6 2 4 6 4 4 4 2 6

2 2 6 4 8 4 6 8 4 6 6 4 6

7.7E+01 3.7E+01 8.3E+00 4.6E+00 8.4E+00 4.4E+00 5.3E+00 3.7E+00 3.3E+00 2.4E+00 3.0E+00 2.4E+00 1.7E+00

Na V *307.89 *333.46 *369.01 *400.72 *445.14 459.90 461.05 463.26 510.10 511.19

10 6 10 10 6 4 4 4 2 4

6 6 6 10 10 2 4 6 2 4

2.0E+02 5.6E+01 1.2E+02 5.0E+01 7.1E+00 2.3E+01 2.3E+01 2.2E+01 5.6E+01 6.8E+01

Na VI 313.75

5

3

1.3E+02

5/4/05 8:13:38 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-144 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 9 15 5 3 1 5 5 7

8

λ –1

361.25 *416.53 *492.80 1550.6 1567.8 1608.5 1649.4 1741.5 1747.5

5 9 9 5 5 3 5 3 5

7.7E+01 3.7E+01 1.3E+01 4.35E+00 2.68E+00 2.6E+00 2.05E+00 2.59E+00 3.1E+00

Na VII *94.409 *105.27 353.29 381.30 397.49 399.18 *483.28 486.74 491.95 555.80 777.83

6 6 4 4 4 6 10 2 4 4 4

10 2 4 2 4 4 10 4 6 4 6

2.7E+03 4.5E+02 1.0E+02 4.0E+01 3.5E+01 5.2E+01 2.9E+01 1.1E+01 1.3E+01 2.3E+01 6.8E+00

Na VIII *83.34 *89.88 90.536 411.15 1239.4 1802.7 1867.7 2059.1 2558.2 2772.0 3021.0 3108.9 3182.3

9 9 3 1 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 1 1

15 3 5 3 3 1 5 5 3 5 7 3 3

3.94E+03 8.09E+02 2.86E+03 4.42E+01 3.02E+00 2.70E+00 2.01E+00 1.80E+00 2.26E-02 4.19E-01 4.90E-01 2.58E-01 2.92E-01

Na IX 70.615 70.653 77.764 77.911 681.72 694.17 2487.7 2535.8 6841.8 7103.4

2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 4

4 2 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 6

1.35E+03 1.35E+03 3.6E+03 4.3E+03 6.63E+00 6.30E+00 8.32E-01 7.89E-01 2.59E-02 2.78E-02

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

6.6E-03 8.5E-03 1.2E-02 1.6E-02 2.3E-02 3.7E-02 6.7E-02 1.2E-01 1.8E-01

Strontium Sr I 2206.2 2211.3 2217.8 2226.3 2237.7 2253.3 2275.3 2307.3 2354.3

Section 10.indb 144

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 3 3

8

2428.1 2569.5 2931.8 4607.3

1 1 1 1

Sr II 2018.7 2051.9 2282.0 2322.4 2324.5 2423.5 2471.6 3464.5 3474.9 4077.7 4161.8 4215.5 4305.5 4414.8 4417.5 4585.9 5303.1 5379.1 5385.5 5723.7 5819.0 8688.9 8719.6

2 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4

2 2 4 6 4 2 2 6 4 4 2 2 2 6 4 2 4 6 4 2 2 6 4

1.2E-01 2.4E-01 8.3E-01 9.1E-01 1.5E-01 2.4E-01 4.8E-01 3.1E+00 5.1E-01 1.42E+00 6.5E-01 1.27E+00 1.4E+00 1.1E-01 1.8E-02 7.0E-02 1.9E-01 2.2E-01 3.7E-02 7.1E-02 1.4E-01 5.5E-01 9.7E-02

1.7E-01 5.3E-02 1.9E-02 2.01E+00

5 5 3 3 3 5 1 5 3 1 5 5 3 3 1 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 1 5 1 1 5

5 3 5 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 7 5 5 3 3 3 7 7 5 3 5 5 3 3 5 3 3 3

4.9E+00 2.7E+00 1.8E+00 1.6E+00 6.6E+00 1.9E+00 2.4E+00 9.1E-01 5.0E-01 1.6E-01 4.5E+00 1.2E+00 3.3E+00 1.9E+00 2.4E+00 7.3E+00 4.2E-01 1.6E+00 5.0E-01 6.2E-02 1.7E-01 1.2E+00 7.5E-01 8.7E-01 6.3E+00 9.4E-01 1.9E+00 3.8E+00

Sulfur SI 1295.7 1296.2 1302.3 1302.9 1303.1 1303.4 1305.9 1401.5 1409.3 1412.9 1425.0 1425.2 1433.3 1433.3 1437.0 1448.2 1473.0 1474.0 1474.4 1474.6 1481.7 1483.0 1483.2 1487.2 1666.7 1687.5 1782.3 1807.3

Weights

λ –1

Å

gi

1820.3 1826.2 4694.1 4695.4 4696.2 6403.6 6408.1 6415.5 *6751.2 7679.6 7686.1 7696.7

3 1 5 5 5 3 5 7 15 3 5 7

3 3 7 5 3 5 5 5 25 5 5 5

S II 1124.4 1125.0 1131.0 1131.6 1250.5 1253.8 1259.5 4463.6 4483.4 4486.7 4524.7 4525.0 4552.4 4656.7 4716.2 4815.5 4885.6 4917.2 4924.1 4925.3 4942.5 4991.9 5009.5 5014.0 5027.2 5032.4 5047.3 5103.3 5142.3 5201.0 5201.3 5212.6 5212.6 5320.7 5345.7 5345.7 5428.6 5432.8 5453.8 5473.6 5509.7 5526.2 5536.8 5556.0 5564.9 5578.8

2 4 2 4 4 4 4 8 6 4 4 6 4 2 4 6 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 6 4 6 2 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 2 4 6 2 4 8 4 4 6 6

4 4 2 2 2 4 6 6 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 6 4 2 4 2 4 2 6 2 4 2 4 4 6 6 8 6 6 4 6 8 2 4 8 6 2 6 6

gk

A 108 s–1 2.2E+00 7.2E-01 6.7E-03 6.7E-03 6.5E-03 5.7E-03 9.5E-03 1.3E-02 7.9E-02 1.2E-02 2.0E-02 2.8E-02 1.0E+00 4.6E+00 3.5E+00 1.4E+00 4.6E-01 4.2E-01 3.4E-01 5.3E-01 3.1E-01 6.6E-01 9.3E-02 1.2E+00 1.2E+00 9.0E-02 2.9E-01 8.8E-01 1.7E-01 6.6E-01 2.2E-01 2.4E-01 1.5E-01 1.5E-01 7.0E-01 8.4E-01 2.6E-01 8.1E-01 3.6E-01 5.0E-01 1.9E-01 7.5E-01 6.5E-02 9.8E-02 8.5E-01 9.2E-01 8.8E-01 1.1E-01 4.2E-01 6.8E-01 8.5E-01 7.3E-01 4.0E-01 8.1E-02 6.6E-02 1.1E-01 1.7E-01 1.1E-01

5/4/05 8:13:45 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

λ –1

5606.1 5616.6 5640.0 5645.6 5647.0 5659.9 5664.7 5819.2 6305.5 6312.7

10 4 4 6 2 6 4 4 8 6

8 4 6 4 4 4 2 4 6 4

S III 2496.2 2508.2 2636.9 2665.4 2680.5 2691.8 2702.8 2718.9 2721.4 2726.8 2731.1 2756.9 2785.5 2856.0 2863.5 2872.0 2950.2 2964.8 3662.0 3717.8 3778.9 3831.8 3837.8 3838.3 3860.6 3899.1 4253.6 4285.0

7 5 3 5 1 3 3 3 5 3 5 7 3 5 7 3 3 5 3 5 3 1 3 5 3 5 5 3

5 3 5 5 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 7 3 7 9 5 5 7 3 3 5 3 3 5 1 3 7 5

2.5E+00 2.3E+00 4.5E-01 1.4E+00 6.2E-01 4.6E-01 1.9E+00 1.2E+00 7.7E-01 6.0E-01 1.1E+00 1.4E+00 6.1E-01 5.1E+00 5.7E+00 4.7E+00 3.0E+00 4.0E+00 6.4E-01 1.0E+00 4.4E-01 5.6E-01 4.2E-01 1.3E+00 1.6E+00 6.7E-01 1.2E+00 9.0E-01

S IV 551.17 554.07 3097.5 3117.7

2 4 2 2

2 2 4 2

2.06E+01 4.08E+01 2.6E+00 2.5E+00

SV 437.37 438.19 439.65 *661.52 *679.01 *690.75 786.48 *854.85

1 3 5 9 9 9 1 9

3 3 3 15 15 9 3 9

1.12E+01 3.33E+01 5.5E+01 6.44E+01 8.6E+01 5.0E+01 5.25E+01 4.18E+01

S VI 248.99 249.27 388.94 390.86

2 2 2 4

4 2 2 2

3.1E+01 3.1E+01 4.5E+01 8.8E+01

Section 10.indb 145

10-145

5.4E-01 1.2E-01 6.6E-01 1.8E-02 5.7E-01 4.6E-01 5.8E-01 8.5E-02 1.8E-01 3.0E-01

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 6 4 4 2

8

706.48 712.68 712.84 933.38 944.52

2 4 4 2 2

S VII 60.161 60.804 72.029

1 1 1

3 3 3

9.46E+03 5.1E+02 8.61E+02

S VIII 198.55 202.61

4 2

2 2

2.5E+02 1.2E+02

S XI *189.90 190.37 215.95 217.63 239.81 242.57 242.82 246.90 247.12 *288.49

9 5 5 1 1 3 3 5 5 9

3 3 5 3 3 5 3 5 3 15

4.3E+02 2.8E+02 1.4E+02 7.2E+01 2.6E+01 1.9E+01 1.9E+01 5.4E+01 3.0E+01 2.9E+01

S XII 212.14 215.18 218.20 221.44 227.50 234.48

2 2 4 4 2 4

4 2 4 2 2 2

3.7E+01 1.4E+02 1.7E+02 6.4E+01 3.7E+01 6.8E+01

S XIII 32.236 37.600 256.66 299.89 303.37 307.36 308.91 312.68 316.84 500.42

1 3 1 3 1 3 5 3 5 3

3 1 3 5 3 3 5 1 3 5

1.09E+04 1.3E+03 8.7E+01 1.78E+01 2.28E+01 1.64E+01 4.82E+01 6.3E+01 2.50E+01 1.43E+01

S XIV *30.434 *32.517 417.67 445.71 1550 1663 3967 4153

2 6 2 2 2 2 2 4

6 10 4 2 4 2 4 6

8.28E+03 2.6E+04 1.2E+01 1.0E+01 1.4E+00 1.2E+00 5.4E-02 5.7E-02

4.17E+01 4.85E+01 8.1E+00 1.7E+01 1.6E+01

4 4 8 6

6 4 10 8

5.7E-03 6.0E-03 8.5E-02 5.6E-03

Tantalum Ta I 3127.9 3168.3 3170.3 3205.5

Weights

λ –1

Å 3260.2 3337.8 3383.9 3406.9 3419.7 3463.8 3484.6 3488.8 3497.9 3505.0 3553.4 3607.4 3625.2 3626.6 3642.1 3657.5 3731.0 3754.5 3784.3 3792.1 3826.9 3836.6 3848.1 3858.6 3918.5 3922.8 3996.2 3999.3 4003.7 4006.8 4026.9 4029.9 4030.7 4040.9 4061.4 4064.6 4067.2 4067.9 4097.2 4105.0 4136.2 4147.9 4175.2 4205.9 4303.0 4378.8 4386.1 4402.5 4415.7 4441.0 4441.7 4473.5 4511.0 4511.5 4514.2 4521.1 4530.9 4547.2 4553.7 4565.9

gi

4 6 6 4 8 4 4 6 6 8 4 6 10 8 10 6 4 8 4 4 6 8 10 10 4 4 2 4 10 6 4 10 8 10 2 4 6 6 10 6 8 10 6 8 6 8 4 6 2 4 10 6 10 10 10 10 4 4 6 8

4 6 4 6 8 6 4 4 8 6 6 8 8 10 12 6 6 8 6 4 6 10 8 10 2 4 4 4 8 8 4 10 10 12 4 4 4 8 10 4 6 8 8 10 6 6 6 6 4 6 8 8 12 8 10 10 6 6 8 8

gk

A 108 s–1 5.8E-03 1.3E-02 5.3E-03 6.8E-02 1.91E-02 2.62E-02 8.5E-03 7.3E-03 4.9E-02 2.72E-02 3.3E-03 4.6E-02 1.0E-02 7.1E-02 5.5E-02 4.3E-03 5.3E-03 6.5E-03 4.3E-02 9.0E-03 5.2E-03 4.0E-03 1.30E-02 2.5E-03 2.5E-02 3.98E-02 3.35E-02 1.8E-02 3.1E-03 7.6E-03 3.60E-02 2.8E-02 2.3E-03 7.3E-03 6.5E-02 3.83E-02 6.8E-03 8.4E-03 2.1E-03 1.1E-02 1.82E-02 1.79E-02 2.8E-02 8.9E-03 2.08E-02 4.8E-03 1.0E-02 2.28E-02 2.53E-02 7.5E-03 9.0E-03 1.36E-02 1.56E-02 3.6E-03 3.1E-03 2.3E-03 2.42E-02 5.3E-03 9.5E-03 2.5E-02

5/4/05 8:13:47 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-146 λ Å 4574.3 4580.7 4619.5 4633.1 4669.1 4681.9 4684.9 4685.3 4691.9 4706.1 4740.2 4758.0 4769.0 4780.9 4812.8 4825.4 4832.2 4852.2 4884.0 4904.6 4920.9 4921.3 4926.0 4936.4 4969.7 5012.5 5037.4 5043.3 5067.9 5069.9 5082.3 5087.4 5090.7 5095.3 5136.5 5141.6 5143.7 5147.6 5161.8 5218.7 5235.4 5295.0 5336.1 5349.6 5354.7 5396.0 5402.5 5435.3 5499.4 5518.9 5620.7 5640.2 5645.9 5699.2 5767.9 5780.7 5811.1 5849.7 5877.4 5939.8

Section 10.indb 146

gi

4 8 6 4 6 6 10 6 2 6 4 4 8 10 4 6 4 4 6 12 8 2 4 8 4 4 10 6 8 10 10 6 8 6 2 4 6 6 4 8 6 6 6 6 4 6 4 4 10 8 8 6 6 6 6 4 8 10 10 2

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 10 4 4 4 6 8 8 4 6 4 6 8 8 4 6 4 4 8 10 10 4 4 6 4 4 8 4 6 12 12 4 6 6 2 2 4 4 6 6 6 6 8 4 4 8 2 6 10 10 10 8 8 6 8 6 6 8 12 4

8

λ –1

1.2E-02 2.1E-03 5.3E-02 1.2E-02 2.85E-02 1.5E-02 2.8E-03 3.4E-03 4.08E-02 1.4E-02 5.0E-02 7.5E-03 2.8E-02 2.16E-02 1.2E-02 2.63E-02 1.7E-02 1.7E-02 1.1E-02 1.95E-02 2.1E-03 1.2E-02 1.5E-02 4.5E-02 1.0E-02 1.9E-02 4.4E-02 2.73E-02 2.92E-02 1.7E-03 1.9E-03 1.5E-02 9.5E-03 5.0E-03 4.5E-02 1.2E-02 1.7E-02 9.0E-03 6.3E-03 8.2E-03 4.7E-03 7.5E-03 5.5E-03 2.2E-02 6.5E-03 2.5E-03 1.4E-02 1.1E-02 6.1E-03 3.8E-02 6.0E-03 4.9E-03 1.43E-02 4.2E-03 2.6E-03 3.3E-03 5.7E-03 2.8E-03 2.3E-02 1.6E-02

Å 5944.0 5997.2 6020.7 6045.4 6047.3 6249.8 6258.7 6309.6 6360.8 6428.6 6430.8 6450.4 6485.4 6514.4 6516.1 6612.0 6673.7 6771.7 6866.2 6927.4 6928.5 6951.3 6953.9 6966.1 6969.5 7407.9

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

4 10 2 6 8 6 6 4 6 6 8 8 10 6 6 6 2 4 8 10 10 10 6 8 10 6

6 10 4 8 10 6 8 6 8 6 8 10 10 4 8 4 4 4 6 12 8 10 8 8 10 4

2.13E-02 2.4E-02 1.0E-02 2.6E-02 9.0E-03 3.5E-03 3.3E-03 1.83E-02 4.6E-03 6.0E-03 2.9E-02 2.2E-02 5.8E-02 2.2E-02 1.25E-02 1.9E-02 9.0E-03 5.8E-03 2.58E-02 1.01E-02 1.69E-02 3.7E-03 8.3E-03 1.2E-02 2.9E-03 2.0E-02

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4

4 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 6 4 2 6 4 4 2 6 4 2 6 4 2 2

4.0E-02 2.0E-02 5.8E-02 3.1E-02 9.8E-02 1.9E-01 7.8E-02 4.4E-01 1.1E-02 1.6E-02 1.8E-01 1.0E-01 1.9E-02 5.7E-02 1.7E-01 3.7E-02 1.26E+00 8.0E-02 4.2E-01 7.6E-02 1.73E-01 1.24E+00 2.20E-01 6.25E-01 7.05E-01

8 8 8

10 8 10

6.9E-02 1.7E-01 1.6E-01

Thallium Tl I 2104.6 2118.9 2129.3 2151.9 2168.6 2237.8 2316.0 2379.7 2507.9 2538.2 2580.1 2609.0 2609.8 2665.6 2709.2 2710.7 2767.9 2826.2 2918.3 2921.5 3229.8 3519.2 3529.4 3775.7 5350.5 Thulium Tm I 2513.8 2527.0 2596.5

Weights

λ Å

–1

2601.1 2622.5 2841.1 2854.2 2914.8 2933.0 2973.2 3046.9 3081.1 3122.5 3142.4 3172.7 3233.7 3247.0 3251.8 3380.7 3406.0 3410.1 3416.6 3418.6 3563.9 3567.4 3744.1 3751.8 3798.5 3807.7 3883.1 3887.4 3916.5 3949.3 4022.6 4044.5 4094.2 4105.8 4138.3 4158.6 4187.6 4203.7 4222.7 4271.7 4359.9 4386.4 4394.4 4643.1 4681.9 4691.1 5307.1 5658.3 5675.8 5760.2

8 8 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 6 6 6 8 8 6 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 6 6 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 6 6 6 8 6 8 6

gi

6 10 6 6 8 6 8 8 8 6 6 8 10 8 4 8 8 10 8 6 6 10 8 10 4 6 6 8 8 6 8 4 6 10 4 8 8 10 8 6 6 8 4 6 8 6 10 8 10 6

gk

A 108 s–1 1.7E-01 6.1E-02 2.0E-01 2.7E-01 7.7E-02 1.0E-01 2.3E-01 1.8E-01 1.9E-01 5.2E-01 8.8E-02 1.8E-01 5.1E-02 3.0E-01 5.2E-01 2.0E-01 1.5E-01 1.0E-01 5.7E-02 1.1E-01 9.8E-02 4.2E-02 9.5E-01 1.9E-01 1.2E+00 3.9E-01 1.0E+00 3.8E-01 1.5E+00 1.0E+00 4.0E-02 2.9E-01 9.0E-01 6.0E-01 7.0E-01 5.5E-02 6.1E-01 2.5E-01 1.5E-01 1.1E-01 1.3E-01 4.2E-02 1.1E-01 3.4E-02 3.9E-02 3.9E-02 2.3E-02 1.0E-02 1.3E-02 1.3E-02

Tin Sn I 2073.1 2199.3 2209.7 2246.1 2268.9 2286.7 2317.2

1 3 5 1 5 5 5

3 5 5 3 7 5 7

3.6E-02 2.9E-01 5.6E-01 1.6E+00 1.2E+00 3.1E-01 2.0E+00

5/4/05 8:13:50 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 2334.8 2354.8 2380.7 2408.2 2421.7 2429.5 2433.5 2455.2 2476.4 2483.4 2491.8 2495.7 2523.9 2546.6 2558.0 2571.6 2594.4 2636.9 2661.2 2706.5 2761.8 2779.8 2785.0 2788.0 2812.6 2813.6 2840.0 2850.6 2863.3 2913.5 3009.1 3032.8 3034.1 3141.8 3175.1 3218.7 3223.6 3262.3 3330.6 3655.8 3801.0 4524.7 5631.7 5970.3 6037.7 6069.0 6073.5 6171.5

3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 1 3 3 5 5 5 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 3 1 3 1 5 1 5 5 5 1 5 1 1 5 5 1 3 3

Sn II 2368.3 2449.0 2487.0 3283.2 3352.0 3472.5 3575.5 5332.4 5562.0 5588.9

4 4 6 4 6 2 4 2 4 4

Section 10.indb 147

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 5 5 3 7 7 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 7 5 3 3 5 5 7 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 1 3 2 6 8 6 8 4 6 4 6 6

8

10-147 λ

–1

6.6E-01 1.7E+00 3.1E-02 1.8E-01 2.5E+00 1.5E+00 8.0E-03 1.1E-02 1.1E-02 2.1E-01 1.7E-01 6.2E-01 7.4E-02 2.1E-01 3.4E-01 4.5E-01 3.0E-01 1.1E-01 1.1E-01 6.6E-01 3.7E-03 1.8E-01 1.4E-01 1.4E-01 2.3E-01 1.2E-01 1.7E+00 3.3E-01 5.4E-01 8.3E-01 3.8E-01 6.2E-01 2.0E+00 1.9E-01 1.0E+00 4.7E-02 1.2E-03 2.7E+00 2.0E-01 4.1E-02 2.8E-01 2.6E-01 2.4E-02 9.6E-02 5.0E-02 4.6E-02 6.3E-02 4.9E-02 4.4E-03 3.7E-01 5.5E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+00 1.6E-01 1.3E-01 8.6E-01 1.2E+00 8.5E-01

Å 5596.2 5797.2 5799.2 6453.5 6761.5 6844.1

4 6 6 2 2 2

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

4 6 8 4 2 2

8

1.5E-01 2.8E-01 8.1E-01 1.2E+00 3.2E-01 6.6E-01

Titanium Ti I 2276.75 2280.00 2299.86 2302.75 2305.69 2424.26 2520.54 2529.87 2541.92 2599.91 2605.16 2611.29 2611.47 2619.94 2631.55 2632.42 2641.12 2644.28 2646.65 2733.27 2735.30 2912.07 2942.00 2948.26 2956.13 2956.80 3186.45 3191.99 3199.92 3341.88 3354.63 3370.44 3371.45 3377.58 3385.94 3635.46 3642.68 3653.50 3724.57 3725.16 3729.81 3741.06 3752.86 3786.04 3948.67 3956.34 3958.21 3981.76 3989.76 3998.64 4013.24

7 9 5 7 9 9 5 7 9 5 7 9 7 9 7 5 5 7 9 5 3 5 5 7 9 7 5 7 9 5 7 5 9 7 9 5 7 9 9 5 5 7 9 5 5 7 9 5 7 9 7

5 7 5 7 9 9 3 5 7 5 7 9 5 7 7 5 3 5 7 5 1 7 5 7 9 5 7 9 11 7 9 3 11 5 7 7 9 11 9 3 5 7 9 3 3 5 7 5 7 9 5

Weights

λ –1

1.3E+00 9.4E-01 6.9E-01 5.7E-01 5.2E-01 1.7E-01 3.8E-01 3.8E-01 4.3E-01 6.7E-01 6.4E-01 6.4E-01 3.3E-01 2.1E-01 1.7E-01 2.7E-01 1.8E+00 1.4E+00 1.5E+00 1.9E+00 4.1E+00 1.3E+00 1.0E+00 9.3E-01 9.7E-01 1.8E-01 8.0E-01 8.5E-01 9.4E-01 6.5E-01 6.9E-01 7.6E-01 7.2E-01 6.9E-01 5.0E-01 8.04E-01 7.74E-01 7.54E-01 9.1E-01 7.3E-01 4.27E-01 4.17E-01 5.04E-01 1.4E+00 4.85E-01 3.00E-01 4.05E-01 3.76E-01 3.79E-01 4.08E-01 2.0E-01

Å 4055.01 4060.26 4064.20 4065.09 4186.12 4266.23 4284.99 4289.07 4290.93 4295.75 4393.93 4417.27 4449.14 4450.90 4453.31 4453.71 4455.32 4457.43 4465.81 4481.26 4496.15 4518.02 4522.80 4527.31 4533.24 4534.78 4544.69 4548.76 4552.45 4563.43 4617.27 4623.10 4639.94 4640.43 4645.19 4650.02 4742.79 4758.12 4759.27 4778.26 4805.42 4840.87 4856.01 4885.08 4913.62 4928.34 4981.73 4989.14 4991.07 4999.50 5000.99 5007.21 5014.28 5036.47 5038.40 5062.11 5210.39 5222.69 5224.30 5259.98

gi

1 3 3 3 9 5 5 5 3 3 9 11 11 9 5 7 7 9 5 7 7 7 5 3 11 9 5 7 9 9 7 5 3 3 3 5 9 11 13 9 5 5 13 11 7 3 11 7 9 7 9 5 3 7 5 5 9 3 11 5

3 5 3 1 9 5 5 5 3 1 11 9 11 9 5 7 7 9 7 7 5 9 7 5 11 9 3 5 7 11 9 7 3 1 1 3 9 11 13 9 7 5 15 13 9 5 13 5 11 9 7 7 5 9 7 3 9 3 11 7

gk

A 108 s–1 2.8E-01 2.4E-01 2.4E-01 7.0E-01 2.10E-01 3.1E-01 3.2E-01 3.0E-01 4.5E-01 1.3E+00 3.3E-01 3.6E-01 9.7E-01 9.6E-01 5.98E-01 4.7E-01 4.8E-01 5.6E-01 3.28E-01 5.7E-01 4.4E-01 1.72E-01 1.9E-01 2.2E-01 8.83E-01 6.87E-01 3.3E-01 2.85E-01 2.1E-01 2.1E-01 8.51E-01 5.74E-01 6.64E-01 5.0E-01 8.57E-01 2.6E-01 5.3E-01 7.13E-01 7.40E-01 2.0E-01 5.8E-01 1.76E-01 5.2E-01 4.90E-01 4.44E-01 6.2E-01 6.60E-01 3.25E-01 5.84E-01 5.27E-01 3.52E-01 4.92E-01 6.8E-01 3.94E-01 3.87E-01 2.98E-01 3.57E-02 1.95E-01 3.6E-01 2.3E-01

5/4/05 8:13:53 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-148 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5351.07 5503.90 5774.04 5785.98 5804.27 6098.66 6220.46

7 11 9 11 13 9 9

7 9 11 13 15 7 7

Ti II 2440.91 2451.18 2525.59 2531.28 2534.63 2535.89 2555.99 2635.44 2638.56 2642.02 2645.86 2746.54 2751.59 2752.68 2757.62 2758.35 2758.79 2764.28 2804.82 2810.30 2817.83 2819.87 2821.26 2827.12 2828.06 2828.64 2828.83 2834.02 2836.47 2839.64 2845.93 2851.11 2856.10 2862.33 2877.47 2884.13 2910.65 2926.64 2931.10 2936.02 2938.57 2941.90 2942.97 2945.30 2952.00 2954.59 2958.80 2979.06 2990.06 3017.17 3022.64

4 6 10 8 6 4 6 4 6 8 10 6 8 8 6 4 2 4 6 8 10 8 6 8 12 6 10 10 8 12 10 2 12 4 8 10 8 10 6 4 6 8 8 10 8 10 8 4 6 12 10

4 6 8 6 4 2 8 4 6 8 10 8 10 10 8 6 4 4 8 10 12 8 8 10 14 6 10 12 8 12 10 4 12 6 8 10 8 8 6 6 8 10 8 12 8 12 10 6 8 12 10

Section 10.indb 148

8

λ –1

3.4E-01 2.6E-01 5.5E-01 6.1E-01 6.8E-01 2.5E-01 1.8E-01 5.1E-01 4.5E-01 5.6E-01 4.9E-01 5.4E-01 6.8E-01 3.2E-01 1.9E+00 1.7E+00 1.9E+00 2.7E+00 2.6E+00 3.7E+00 1.1E+00 7.2E-01 9.9E-01 4.4E-01 7.4E-01 4.6E+00 5.1E+00 3.8E+00 6.5E-01 7.9E-01 1.0E+00 4.4E+00 1.2E+00 9.1E-01 7.9E-01 1.2E+00 8.3E-01 1.2E+00 4.1E-01 1.5E+00 4.0E-01 5.7E-01 5.2E-01 4.6E-01 8.9E-01 3.2E+00 2.7E+00 2.4E+00 1.8E+00 1.1E+00 2.7E+00 3.0E-01 4.0E+00 4.0E+00 1.2E+00 5.6E-01 3.6E-01 1.2E+00

Å 3023.67 3029.76 3056.75 3058.08 3066.34 3071.25 3072.99 3075.23 3078.65 3081.52 3088.04 3089.44 3097.20 3103.81 3105.10 3106.26 3117.67 3119.83 3127.86 3128.50 3161.23 3161.80 3162.59 3168.55 3181.73 3182.54 3189.49 3190.91 3202.56 3224.25 3228.62 3232.29 3234.51 3236.13 3236.58 3239.04 3239.66 3241.99 3251.91 3252.92 3272.07 3278.28 3278.91 3282.32 3287.66 3315.32 3321.70 3322.94 3329.46 3332.11 3340.34 3361.23 3372.80 3383.77 3452.49 3456.40 3465.56 3483.63 3492.37 3504.90

gi

8 10 2 6 4 6 4 6 8 10 10 8 4 10 2 6 4 6 6 8 4 6 8 10 6 4 4 6 4 12 4 8 10 4 8 6 6 4 6 8 2 4 6 2 8 2 4 10 8 6 4 8 6 4 2 4 4 10 8 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 10 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 8 8 6 6 8 4 6 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 8 6 4 8 6 10 2 6 10 4 8 6 4 4 4 6 4 4 4 2 10 4 4 10 8 4 4 10 8 6 2 4 2 8 6 10

8

Weights

λ –1

1.0E+00 3.5E-01 3.2E-01 5.0E-01 3.3E-01 3.6E-01 1.6E+00 1.13E+00 1.09E+00 1.1E+00 1.25E+00 1.3E+00 4.4E-01 1.1E+00 6.3E-01 7.8E-01 1.1E+00 5.9E-01 1.6E+00 1.1E+00 5.9E-01 4.6E-01 3.9E-01 4.1E-01 4.6E-01 4.3E-01 9.2E-01 1.3E+00 1.1E+00 7.0E-01 2.0E+00 6.0E-01 1.38E+00 7.0E-01 1.11E+00 9.87E-01 9.4E-01 1.16E+00 3.38E-01 3.9E-01 3.2E-01 9.6E-01 1.0E+00 1.6E+00 1.4E+00 3.8E-01 7.2E-01 3.96E-01 3.25E-01 1.1E+00 3.6E-01 1.1E+00 1.11E+00 1.09E+00 7.7E-01 8.2E-01 4.1E-01 9.7E-01 9.8E-01 8.2E-01

Å

gi

3510.86 3520.27 3535.41 3641.33 3706.23 3741.64 3757.70 3759.30 3761.33 4911.18

8 2 4 4 4 6 4 8 6 6

Ti III 865.79 1002.37 1004.67 1005.80 1007.16 1008.12 1286.37 1289.30 1291.62 1293.23 1298.97 1327.59 1420.44 1421.63 1422.41 1424.14 1455.19 1498.70 2007.36 2007.60 2010.80 2097.30 2099.86 2104.86 2105.09 2199.22 2237.77 2331.35 2331.66 2339.00 2346.79 2374.99 2413.99 2516.05 2567.56 2984.75 3066.51 3228.89 3278.31 3320.94 3340.20 3346.18 3354.71 3397.24 3404.46 3417.62 3915.47 4119.14

5 5 7 3 5 3 9 7 5 9 7 5 1 3 5 5 9 5 3 1 5 5 3 3 1 3 7 3 3 5 7 5 5 7 3 5 3 3 7 3 7 9 11 3 3 3 9 5

8 4 6 2 4 6 4 8 6 4 3 5 5 3 3 1 9 7 5 7 5 3 3 1 5 3 7 5 3 3 3 7 5 3 3 3 7 1 3 3 5 3 7 9 3 5 3 3 9 5 9 11 13 1 3 5 11 5

gk

A 108 s–1 9.3E-01 4.8E-01 5.5E-01 4.9E-01 3.1E-01 6.2E-01 4.1E-01 9.4E-01 9.9E-01 3.2E-01 6.6E+01 7.6E+00 4.3E+01 1.3E+01 3.8E+01 5.1E+01 2.0E+00 2.2E+00 2.4E+00 1.0E+00 4.9E+00 3.2E+00 1.2E+00 4.0E+00 3.0E+00 1.6E+00 6.4E+00 2.8E+00 3.4E+00 1.2E+00 5.4E+00 3.3E+00 2.5E+00 1.1E+00 1.7E+00 5.7E+00 2.4E+00 4.3E+00 1.2E+00 3.0E+00 3.3E+00 4.0E+00 3.8E+00 3.4E+00 2.3E+00 1.9E+00 2.5E+00 1.5E+00 3.4E+00 2.8E+00 3.7E+00 3.7E+00 4.4E+00 1.8E+00 1.8E+00 1.9E+00 2.1E+00 9.9E-01

5/4/05 8:13:56 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s 8

λ –1

4213.26 4215.53 4247.62 4248.54 4250.09 4259.01 4269.84 4285.61 4288.66 4296.70 4319.56 4343.25 4378.94 4433.91 4440.66 4533.26 4576.53 4628.07 4652.86 4874.00 4914.32 4971.19 5083.80 5278.33 7506.87

9 9 11 5 3 11 9 13 11 11 9 3 3 11 1 3 9 3 7 5 3 9 5 3 11

11 11 13 7 5 13 11 15 13 13 11 1 5 13 3 5 7 1 9 7 3 11 3 3 13

Ti IV 423.49 424.16 433.63 433.76 729.36 1183.64 1195.21 1451.74 1467.34 2067.56 2103.16 2541.79 2546.88 2862.60 3576.44

4 6 4 6 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 6 4 4

6 8 2 4 2 2 2 4 6 4 2 6 8 2 6

4.9E+01 5.3E+01 5.5E+00 5.0E+00 5.7E+00 6.9E+00 1.4E+01 1.8E+01 2.1E+01 5.1E+00 5.0E+00 6.9E+00 7.4E+00 4.1E+00 4.6E+00

Ti VIII 249 258.610 269.533 272.037 272.843 276.701 277.813 289.375 478.971 480.376

6 6 4 4 6 2 4 2 4 6

4 8 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 6

1.0E+01 7.5E+02 6.0E+02 4.3E+02 6.2E+01 9.3E+01 3.8E+02 3.6E+01 1.7E+01 1.5E+01

Ti IX 267.941 278.713 281.446 285.128 433.567

5 5 3 1 1

7 7 1 3 3

5.1E+02 4.7E+02 3.2E+02 4.1E+02 6.9E+00

Section 10.indb 149

10-149

2.2E+00 2.2E+00 1.1E+00 2.3E+00 9.5E-01 9.4E-01 1.7E+00 3.0E+00 1.1E+00 1.6E+00 1.1E+00 1.0E+00 1.6E+00 1.8E+00 1.2E+00 1.5E+00 1.3E+00 1.5E+00 2.6E+00 1.5E+00 1.1E+00 2.1E+00 9.7E-01 9.4E-01 1.1E+00

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 1 5 3 5 7

8

Weights

λ –1

439.513 439.745 447.484 447.701 507.174 516.215

3 3 5 5 3 5

7.5E+00 2.1E+01 1.6E+01 6.5E+00 6.5E+00 6.9E+00

Ti X 253 254 281 289.579 290.294 291 291 292 293.684 293.798 295.584 296 297 298 302 305 317 355.815 360.133 363 363 365.628 382 385 389.99

4 6 2 2 4 4 2 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 6 4 4 6 6

6 8 2 4 6 2 2 8 8 6 6 6 6 6 2 4 2 2 4 2 6 2 6 8 4

2.1E+02 2.3E+02 1.1E+02 2.5E+02 1.1E+02 1.8E+02 2.3E+02 1.1E+02 2.97E+02 1.7E+02 2.9E+02 1.4E+02 9.9E+01 4.3E+02 1.6E+02 2.5E+02 1.5E+02 1.3E+02 2.19E+02 2.1E+02 1.3E+02 1.2E+02 1.8E+02 1.8E+02 1.1E+02

Ti XI 65.403 87.725 266 308.250 313.229 318 322.75 323 327.192 332 386.140 408 425.74 446.69 453

1 1 5 3 5 3 5 1 3 3 1 7 3 3 5

3 3 7 5 7 1 7 3 5 1 3 9 1 1 7

5.1E+02 8.5E+02 1.8E+02 1.3E+02 1.6E+02 1.4E+02 1.99E+02 1.8E+02 2.9E+02 3.25E+02 1.48E+02 1.37E+02 1.2E+02 1.2E+02 1.3E+02

Ti XII 52.896 53.140 53.433 53.457 55.181 55.443 59.133 59.435 60.701

2 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 2

4 6 4 2 4 6 4 6 4

1.61E+02 1.9E+02 2.1E+02 2.1E+02 2.4E+02 2.81E+02 3.72E+02 4.41E+02 3.4E+02

Å

gi

2 2 6 8 6 8 4 6 6 8 2 2 4 6 2 8 4 6 4 6 8 6 4 2 6 8 6 8 4 6 6 8 2

gk

A 108 s–1

60.762 61.286 62.433 62.470 65.540 65.577 67.171 67.555 70.986 71.031 71.545 71.987 82.121 82.307 82.344 82.368 89.844 90.512 90.547 116.497 116.597 116.62 139.884 140.361 141.6 141.7 169.7 169.8 207.2 208.5 252.8 253.1 257.5

2 4 4 6 4 6 2 4 4 6 2 4 2 4 2 6 2 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 2 4 4 6 4

3.5E+02 1.8E+02 2.08E+02 2.22E+02 3.2E+02 3.5E+02 6.2E+02 7.2E+02 5.7E+02 6.1E+02 1.8E+02 3.48E+02 5.9E+02 1.13E+03 5.8E+02 1.2E+03 9.9E+02 1.16E+03 1.9E+02 3.0E+03 3.2E+03 2.1E+02 2.6E+02 2.9E+02 1.7E+02 1.7E+02 2.8E+02 2.9E+02 1.5E+02 1.8E+02 4.8E+02 5.2E+02 2.4E+02

Ti XIII 23.356 23.698 23.991 26.641 26.960 117.1 117.3 120.2 120.2 128.7

1 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 7 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 5 3

1.02E+05 1.2E+04 3.4E+02 4.06E+03 3.06E+03 1.3E+02 2.8E+02 5.4E+02 4.4E+02 1.2E+02

Ti XIV 21.341 21.522 21.657 21.733 21.82 21.883 21.958 22.05 24.592 24.891

4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 2

6 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 2

9.8E+03 4.5E+04 1.3E+04 8.8E+04 6.4E+04 7.0E+04 1.2E+04 1.4E+04 6.1E+03 7.5E+03

Ti XV 20.19 20.234

5 5

7 7

6.9E+03 1.9E+04

5/4/05 8:13:58 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-150 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

λ –1

20.234 20.246 20.250 20.29 20.30 20.30 20.313 20.418 20.538 20.54 20.551 20.689 20.698 20.771 20.897 20.928 21.065 21.079 21.102 22.482 22.936 22.966 23.034

3 1 5 3 1 1 5 5 3 3 1 5 1 5 5 5 3 1 3 5 5 5 1

Ti XVI 110.561 116.198 118.215 121.382 124.805 129.075 134.724 138.800 143.459 145.665 157.812 161.168 163.610 169.740 176.267 178.240

4 4 6 4 4 4 2 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 2 4

2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 6 2 4 2 6 2 4

3.36E+02 1.45E+02 7.4E+02 2.4E+02 6.1E+02 3.81E+02 2.6E+02 3.5E+02 2.8E+02 2.3E+02 1.32E+02 1.2E+02 1.92E+02 1.0E+02 2.45E+02 2.52E+02

Ti XVII 18.05 18.13 18.13 18.176 123.654 124.553 127.782 135.202 136.160 136.393 141.948 142.589 144.405 146.067 154.133 156.54 158.469 159.62

3 5 1 5 3 5 5 3 5 3 5 1 5 7 3 3 5 5

3 3 3 7 3 3 3 1 3 3 5 3 5 5 1 1 5 3

4.5E+04 2.4E+04 8.1E+04 9.2E+04 2.3E+02 5.2E+02 4.6E+02 2.93E+02 1.95E+02 1.14E+02 3.87E+02 1.35E+02 9.4E+01 2.6E+02 1.63E+02 1.44E+02 1.4E+02 1.03E+02

Section 10.indb 150

3 3 3 3 3 1 3 7 3 1 3 7 3 3 7 5 3 3 5 3 5 3 3

8

4.9E+04 4.2E+04 6.5E+03 1.1E+04 3.4E+04 5.8E+04 7.5E+04 8.0E+04 3.8E+04 4.1E+04 1.3E+04 4.3E+04 1.1E+05 1.1E+04 2.85E+04 8.4E+03 1.1E+04 1.58E+04 1.3E+04 6.4E+03 1.1E+04 1.1E+04 6.3E+03

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

1 5 1

8

Weights

λ –1

163.049 186.863 207.73

3 5 3

6.2E+02 2.66E+02 1.07E+02

Ti XVIII 17.22 17.365 17.39 133.852 144.759 150.15 153.15 153.23 159.00 166.225 179.902 189.663 191.23 197.838 208.07

2 4 4 2 4 6 4 2 4 6 2 6 4 4 4

4 6 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 6 4 6 4

7.3E+04 8.6E+04 1.4E+04 5.2E+01 3.2E+02 1.15E+02 1.97E+02 6.7E+01 1.16E+02 1.54E+02 6.3E+01 9.6E+01 6.6E+01 4.56E+01 1.2E+02

Ti XIX 15.67 15.68 15.74 15.75 15.83 15.86 16.02 16.18 16.41 16.43 16.46 16.51 16.55 16.61 16.64 16.69 16.71 16.72 16.72 16.74 16.77 16.80 16.85 17.08 17.36

3 5 5 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 5 5 3 3 1 3 5 5 5 3 5 3 3 1

1 5 7 5 3 3 1 5 3 5 3 7 5 1 3 3 5 3 5 7 3 7 5 5 3

3.3E+04 2.7E+04 2.7E+04 2.4E+04 3.2E+04 2.9E+04 3.1E+04 3.8E+04 6.1E+04 8.2E+04 4.4E+04 1.0E+05 2.7E+04 8.0E+04 5.3E+04 1.02E+05 7.3E+04 3.3E+04 7.3E+04 1.2E+05 2.6E+04 1.81E+05 4.4E+04 8.3E+04 9.5E+04

Ti XX 2.629 2.6295 2.631 2.6319 2.632 2.6355 8.621 9.788 10.046 10.109 *10.278 10.620

2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2

4 4 2 4 2 6 2 6 4 6 6 4

4.9E+04 3.2E+06 6.1E+05 1.5E+06 2.7E+06 1.2E+06 1.1E+06 5.26E+03 7.29E+03 8.6E+03 8.4E+03 1.34E+04

Å

gi

6 6 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 4 6 4 6

gk

A 108 s–1

10.690 *11.452 11.872 11.958 11.958 15.211 15.253 15.907 16.049 16.067 31.586 45.650 45.996

4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 4

1.58E+04 1.7E+04 2.8E+04 3.4E+04 5.6E+03 3.50E+04 3.58E+04 8.84E+04 1.05E+05 1.8E+04 5.49E+03 9.6E+03 1.1E+04

Ti XXI 2.0633 2.1108 2.2211 2.497 2.505 2.505 2.507 2.508 2.510 2.510 2.511 2.512 2.512 2.513 2.513 2.514 2.520 2.527 2.539 2.6102 2.6227

1 1 1 3 5 1 3 3 3 1 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 1 1

3 3 3 1 5 3 5 5 3 3 3 5 1 1 5 3 5 1 1 3 3

1.32E+05 2.60E+05 6.35E+05 2.4E+06 3.5E+05 1.4E+06 1.4E+06 7.9E+05 6.9E+05 9.6E+05 1.4E+06 1.8E+06 1.4E+06 2.7E+06 2.4E+06 1.2E+06 2.6E+05 1.2E+05 4.1E+05 2.40E+06 1.12E+05

1 1 7 3 7 9 7 3 3 7 5 5 7 5 7 9 7 3 7 5 1

3 3 9 5 9 11 9 3 5 5 7 5 9 7 9 9 5 5 7 3 3

2.4E-01 7.7E-02 1.54E-02 1.5E-01 6.4E-02 9.27E-02 1.21E-01 1.4E-01 5.8E-02 1.7E-01 1.1E-02 1.3E-02 4.4E-02 2.33E-02 1.58E-02 4.8E-03 6.0E-03 2.12E-02 2.64E-03 2.3E-02 3.2E-02

Tungsten WI 2879.4 2911.0 2923.5 2935.0 3013.8 3016.5 3017.4 3024.9 3046.4 3049.7 3064.9 3084.9 3093.5 3107.2 3108.0 3145.5 3170.2 3176.6 3183.5 3184.4 3191.6

5/4/05 8:14:02 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3198.8 3207.3 3208.3 3215.6 3221.9 3223.1 3232.5 3235.1 3259.7 3300.8 3311.4 3363.3 3371.0 3371.4 3386.1 3413.0 3459.5 3510.0 3545.2 3570.6 3606.1 3617.5 3631.9 3675.6 3682.1 3707.9 3757.9 3760.1 3768.5 3780.8 3809.2 3817.5 3829.1 3835.1 3846.3 3847.5 3864.3 3868.0 3881.4 3968.5 3975.5 4001.4 4008.8 4019.3 4028.8 4045.6 4055.2 4070.0 4070.6 4074.4 4088.3 4102.7 4115.6 4137.5 4171.2 4203.8 4219.4 4244.4 4269.4 4283.8

Section 10.indb 151

gi

7 7 5 9 5 5 9 7 7 7 7 9 7 3 7 7 9 7 1 5 3 7 3 9 9 7 7 5 3 7 7 7 3 5 3 1 5 7 7 1 9 9 7 5 1 7 7 7 3 7 5 9 11 5 7 9 9 9 7 9

Weights

A

gk

10 s

9 9 5 11 7 3 9 5 7 9 5 7 5 3 7 9 9 9 3 3 5 7 5 11 11 7 9 7 3 5 5 7 3 5 5 3 5 9 7 3 11 9 9 3 3 5 9 5 5 7 3 7 11 7 9 7 7 11 5 7

8

10-151 λ

–1

4.6E-02 3.0E-02 4.4E-02 2.1E-01 1.61E-02 3.53E-03 2.4E-02 2.68E-03 1.3E-02 8.1E-02 5.6E-02 6.6E-03 1.0E-02 6.7E-03 2.64E-03 9.7E-03 2.04E-03 5.2E-03 3.2E-02 6.7E-03 9.6E-03 1.1E-01 1.3E-02 1.20E-02 2.0E-02 2.9E-02 1.38E-02 1.99E-02 3.47E-02 4.2E-02 9.0E-03 3.1E-02 3.83E-03 5.2E-02 2.14E-02 8.3E-03 5.6E-03 4.6E-02 3.6E-02 5.07E-03 4.1E-03 5.6E-03 1.63E-01 6.7E-03 2.0E-02 2.88E-02 1.79E-03 3.60E-02 5.6E-03 1.0E-01 4.13E-03 4.9E-02 4.8E-03 8.4E-03 8.6E-03 4.9E-03 6.1E-03 1.38E-02 3.04E-02 1.69E-03

Å 4294.6 4302.1 4355.2 4361.8 4378.5 4458.1 4466.3 4472.5 4484.2 4492.3 4495.3 4504.8 4552.5 4586.8 4592.6 4609.9 4613.3 4634.8 4659.9 4680.5 4720.4 4729.6 4752.6 4757.5 4757.8 4788.4 4843.8 4886.9 4924.6 4931.6 4948.6 4972.6 4982.6 4986.9 5006.2 5015.3 5040.4 5053.3 5071.5 5117.6 5124.2 5141.2 5224.7 5243.0 5254.5 5268.6 5500.5 5514.7 5537.7 5617.1 5631.9 5660.7 5675.4 5796.5 5891.6 5947.6 5965.9 6021.5 6081.4 6203.5

gi

7 7 9 9 7 3 7 13 3 9 11 9 9 1 7 7 9 9 1 7 3 7 3 7 11 9 5 9 13 7 9 9 1 11 9 7 3 3 13 11 5 7 7 9 7 9 11 5 9 7 9 13 5 9 7 5 7 5 5 7

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 7 9 7 5 5 5 11 5 11 11 7 9 3 9 9 9 9 3 7 5 5 3 5 9 11 5 11 11 5 11 11 3 9 7 9 5 3 11 11 5 9 5 7 5 9 9 3 11 7 7 11 5 7 7 7 5 3 3 7

8

Weights

λ –1

1.2E-01 3.6E-02 5.1E-03 1.64E-03 3.48E-03 4.2E-03 1.5E-02 1.55E-03 5.6E-03 3.6E-03 3.3E-03 7.0E-03 1.42E-03 4.20E-03 3.4E-03 1.42E-02 2.9E-03 8.8E-03 1.0E-02 1.4E-02 3.22E-03 7.8E-03 5.20E-03 2.72E-03 4.1E-03 2.6E-03 1.9E-02 8.1E-03 1.75E-03 1.0E-02 1.36E-03 3.9E-03 4.17E-03 6.3E-03 1.2E-02 5.4E-03 5.2E-03 1.9E-02 3.4E-03 1.61E-03 4.0E-03 1.12E-03 1.2E-02 1.1E-02 3.86E-03 1.4E-03 6.9E-03 7.3E-03 2.2E-03 1.47E-03 1.43E-03 6.8E-03 2.20E-03 2.21E-03 1.47E-03 2.40E-03 1.0E-02 8.7E-03 4.7E-03 3.0E-03

Å 6285.9 6292.0 6303.2 6404.2 6439.7 6445.1 6532.4 6538.1 6563.2 6814.9 7285.8 7569.9 7664.9 8017.2 8358.7 9381.4

gi

7 3 9 5 9 7 3 11 5 9 13 5 5 5 5 9

5 5 9 7 9 5 5 9 5 9 11 3 3 7 7 7

13 9 15 11 15 13 13 13 13 11 9 7 9 15 9 13 13 7 13 13 11 13 17 9 13 11 13 15 11 17 13 13 13 13 17 15 11 13 13 9 11

13 7 13 9 17 15 11 11 13 13 7 9 7 13 9 11 13 7 11 15 11 13 15 9 11 9 15 15 11 15 15 11 15 15 15 13 11 13 11 9 9

gk

A 108 s–1 6.6E-03 2.26E-03 1.84E-03 1.50E-03 1.29E-03 6.4E-03 4.6E-03 2.7E-03 2.04E-03 1.46E-03 1.47E-03 3.73E-03 3.80E-03 1.6E-03 1.89E-03 1.53E-03

Uranium UI 3553.0 3553.0 3553.4 3554.5 3554.9 3555.3 3555.8 3556.9 3557.8 3558.0 3558.6 3559.4 3560.3 3561.4 3561.5 3561.8 3563.7 3563.8 3565.0 3566.0 3566.6 3568.8 3569.1 3569.4 3570.1 3570.2 3570.6 3570.7 3571.2 3571.6 3572.9 3573.9 3574.1 3574.8 3577.1 3577.5 3577.8 3577.9 3578.3 3580.0 3580.2

2.0E-02 1.4E-02 2.2E-02 8.4E-03 7.9E-03 2.7E-02 4.1E-03 7.5E-03 2.9E-02 1.6E-02 3.9E-02 1.5E-02 6.4E-02 5.5E-02 2.5E-02 5.7E-02 2.9E-02 1.1E-02 2.9E-02 1.7E-02 2.4E-01 3.8E-02 1.1E-01 1.5E-02 1.3E-02 5.3E-03 2.7E-02 1.2E-02 6.3E-03 1.3E-01 1.5E-02 4.0E-02 3.5E-02 1.9E-02 4.3E-02 7.8E-03 8.3E-03 2.3E-02 2.0E-02 1.2E-02 2.9E-02

5/4/05 8:14:04 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-152 λ Å 3580.4 3580.9 3582.6 3584.6 3584.9 3585.4 3585.8 3587.8 3588.3 3589.7 3589.8 3590.7 3591.7 3593.0 3593.2 3593.7

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

11 13 13 7 13 11 11 9 7 11 15 9 11 11 13 11

13 13 13 5 15 11 9 11 9 13 13 7 9 11 15 11

6 10 4 6 8 10 6 4 2 6 2 4 4 6 2 4 6 8 4 10 6 8 8 10 10 8 10 8 10 4 6 4 2 4 4 6 6 8 4 6 2

8 8 4 6 8 10 4 6 4 8 2 6 4 6 4 2 8 10 6 12 6 8 10 10 12 6 8 8 10 4 4 6 4 4 2 6 4 8 6 8 4

8

λ –1

7.5E-03 2.1E-02 2.9E-02 2.4E-02 1.8E-01 1.9E-02 2.8E-02 1.3E-02 1.8E-02 2.1E-02 5.9E-02 2.2E-02 5.3E-02 1.4E-02 4.2E-02 7.2E-02

Vanadium VI 3043.12 3050.39 3053.65 3056.33 3060.46 3066.37 3066.53 3075.93 3080.33 3083.54 3087.06 3088.11 3089.13 3093.79 3094.69 3112.92 3183.41 3183.96 3183.98 3185.38 3198.01 3202.39 3205.58 3207.41 3212.43 3218.87 3233.19 3273.03 3284.36 3309.18 3329.85 3356.35 3365.55 3376.05 3377.39 3377.62 3397.58 3400.39 3529.73 3533.68 3533.76

Section 10.indb 152

2.3E-01 5.3E-01 1.3E+00 1.3E+00 1.4E+00 2.1E+00 3.2E-01 2.8E-01 2.7E-01 2.5E-01 9.2E-01 4.9E-01 5.3E-01 4.1E-01 4.3E-01 5.0E-01 2.4E+00 2.5E+00 2.4E+00 2.7E+00 3.9E-01 4.0E-01 1.3E+00 2.6E-01 1.4E+00 3.5E-01 3.2E-01 2.7E-01 2.8E-01 3.2E-01 7.7E-01 3.1E-01 4.8E-01 3.2E-01 9.0E-01 6.0E-01 2.3E-01 2.5E-01 4.1E-01 5.2E-01 3.7E-01

Å 3543.49 3545.33 3553.27 3555.14 3663.60 3667.74 3672.41 3673.41 3676.70 3680.12 3686.26 3687.50 3688.07 3690.28 3692.22 3695.34 3695.86 3703.57 3704.70 3705.04 3706.03 3708.71 3790.46 3794.96 3806.79 3818.24 3828.56 3840.75 3855.36 3855.85 3863.86 3864.86 3871.07 3875.07 3902.26 3921.86 3922.43 3930.02 3934.01 3992.80 3998.73 4050.96 4051.35 4090.57 4092.68 4095.48 4099.78 4102.15 4104.77 4105.16 4109.78 4111.78 4115.18 4116.47 4116.59 4123.50 4128.06 4131.99 4134.49 4232.46

gi

2 4 6 4 4 6 12 8 14 10 10 12 8 2 6 14 4 10 8 6 10 12 10 10 10 4 6 8 4 10 8 6 10 8 10 4 6 10 8 12 14 10 12 8 8 6 6 4 10 4 2 10 8 6 2 4 6 8 10 10

Weights

A

gk

10 s

2 4 6 2 6 8 12 10 14 12 12 14 8 4 6 16 4 8 6 4 10 12 8 10 10 2 4 6 4 8 6 6 8 8 10 2 6 10 8 10 12 10 12 10 10 8 8 6 8 6 4 10 8 6 2 2 4 6 8 10

8

Weights

λ –1

6.7E-01 3.7E-01 2.2E-01 2.6E-01 3.1E+00 2.7E+00 9.2E-01 2.7E+00 1.3E+00 2.2E+00 2.3E-01 2.9E+00 3.5E-01 4.5E-01 5.4E-01 2.8E+00 6.6E-01 9.2E-01 6.6E-01 3.6E-01 5.2E-01 4.4E-01 2.3E-01 2.3E-01 2.5E-01 6.73E-01 5.33E-01 5.48E-01 3.30E-01 5.78E-01 3.1E-01 2.70E-01 2.8E-01 2.36E-01 2.68E-01 2.7E-01 2.6E-01 3.3E-01 6.2E-01 1.2E+00 1.0E+00 1.4E+00 1.3E+00 8.5E-01 2.30E-01 7.2E-01 4.10E-01 7.1E-01 2.1E+00 4.9E-01 5.00E-01 1.01E+00 5.80E-01 3.2E-01 2.90E-01 1.00E+00 7.70E-01 5.5E-01 2.90E-01 9.8E-01

Å

gi

4232.95 4268.64 4271.55 4276.95 4284.05 4291.82 4296.10 4297.67 4298.03 4379.23 4384.71 4389.98 4395.22 4400.57 4406.64 4407.63 4408.20 4416.47 4452.01 4457.75 4460.33 4462.36 4468.00 4469.71 4474.04 4496.06 4514.18 4524.21 4525.17 4529.58 4545.40 4560.72 4571.79 4578.73 4706.16 4757.47 4766.62 4776.36 4786.50 4796.92 4807.52 5193.00 5195.39 5234.08 5240.87 5415.25 5487.91 5507.75 6090.21

8 14 12 10 8 12 10 8 6 10 8 6 4 2 10 8 6 4 14 10 10 12 8 10 10 8 6 12 4 10 10 8 6 4 6 4 6 8 10 12 14 12 8 10 12 12 12 10 8

8 14 12 10 8 14 12 10 8 12 10 8 6 4 10 8 6 2 16 12 8 14 10 12 8 6 4 10 2 8 12 10 8 6 4 2 4 6 8 10 12 12 8 10 12 14 10 8 6

V II 2527.90 2528.47 2528.83 2554.04 2589.10 2640.86 2677.80 2679.33 2683.09

13 9 11 9 9 5 3 7 1

13 9 11 9 9 7 5 7 3

gk

A 108 s–1 7.7E-01 1.2E+00 9.6E-01 9.4E-01 1.2E+00 8.8E-01 7.7E-01 7.0E-01 7.8E-01 1.1E+00 1.1E+00 6.9E-01 5.5E-01 3.4E-01 2.2E-01 4.4E-01 6.0E-01 2.6E-01 9.2E-01 2.7E-01 3.0E-01 7.6E-01 2.3E-01 6.2E-01 4.7E-01 4.0E-01 3.3E-01 3.0E-01 4.1E-01 2.4E-01 7.6E-01 7.0E-01 6.0E-01 6.8E-01 2.4E-01 7.6E-01 5.6E-01 5.1E-01 4.7E-01 4.8E-01 5.8E-01 4.0E-01 2.3E-01 4.9E-01 4.3E-01 3.1E-01 2.9E-01 3.5E-01 2.60E-01 6.1E-01 5.2E-01 5.3E-01 5.4E-01 7.7E-01 1.2E+00 3.4E-01 3.4E-01 3.4E-01

5/4/05 8:14:07 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 2687.96 2689.88 2690.25 2690.79 2700.94 2706.17 2734.22 2753.41 2784.20 2787.91 2825.86 2843.82 2847.57 2854.34 2862.31 2868.11 2869.13 2882.49 2884.78 2889.61 2891.64 2892.43 2892.65 2893.31 2903.07 2906.45 2908.81 2910.01 2910.38 2911.05 2912.46 2915.88 2924.02 2924.63 2930.80 2941.37 2944.57 2948.08 2952.07 2955.58 2968.37 2972.26 2973.98 2985.18 3001.20 3014.82 3016.78 3020.21 3048.21 3063.25 3100.94 3113.56 3122.89 3134.93 3136.50 3139.73 3151.32 3190.69 3250.78 3251.87

Section 10.indb 153

gi

9 3 7 5 9 7 9 13 9 7 9 7 9 11 11 5 13 5 3 3 5 9 7 9 3 7 11 5 3 7 11 9 11 9 7 11 9 9 7 7 7 5 9 7 7 5 7 9 11 9 7 11 11 13 11 9 3 9 11 5

Weights

A

gk

10 s

9 1 5 3 11 9 7 11 9 9 7 5 7 9 11 3 11 5 3 1 3 9 5 7 5 7 9 5 3 9 9 7 11 9 7 9 7 11 5 9 9 7 11 9 7 3 5 7 13 11 7 11 13 13 11 9 5 9 9 7

8

10-153 λ

–1

7.6E-01 9.2E-01 3.4E-01 5.2E-01 3.5E-01 3.4E-01 6.2E-01 4.2E-01 1.3E+00 5.0E-01 1.2E+00 9.9E-01 4.6E-01 5.0E-01 3.6E-01 2.1E+00 4.8E-01 4.2E-01 5.6E-01 1.9E+00 1.4E+00 3.6E-01 1.3E+00 1.2E+00 3.4E-01 7.8E-01 1.6E+00 1.1E+00 1.2E+00 3.7E-01 5.0E-01 4.9E-01 1.7E+00 1.2E+00 5.8E-01 3.5E-01 7.6E-01 4.0E-01 7.2E-01 3.3E-01 7.0E-01 5.2E-01 3.5E-01 4.4E-01 7.5E-01 8.9E-01 5.0E-01 5.0E-01 7.0E-01 1.0E+00 5.8E-01 5.0E-01 7.6E-01 5.9E-01 5.3E-01 5.2E-01 4.4E-01 3.3E-01 5.2E-01 3.5E-01

Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

9 11 11 7 7 7 3 5 7 5 5

8

Weights

λ –1

3271.12 3276.12 3279.84 3287.71 3337.85 3517.30 3530.77 3545.19 3556.80 3592.01 3618.92

7 9 9 5 5 9 5 7 9 7 3

6.9E-01 5.2E-01 5.8E-01 7.5E-01 5.3E-01 3.8E-01 4.5E-01 4.3E-01 5.1E-01 4.4E-01 3.3E-01

V III 2318.06 2323.82 2330.42 2331.75 2334.21 2337.13 2343.10 2358.73 2366.31 2371.06 2373.06 2382.46 2393.58 2404.18 2516.14 2521.55 2548.21 2554.22 2593.05 2595.10

8 6 10 8 6 4 6 6 8 10 4 8 6 4 10 8 6 8 6 8

10 8 10 8 6 4 8 8 10 12 6 10 8 6 10 8 4 6 6 8

4.6E+00 3.8E+00 3.2E+00 2.5E+00 2.2E+00 2.7E+00 3.6E+00 4.2E+00 4.2E+00 5.2E+00 2.9E+00 5.0E+00 4.3E+00 2.5E+00 3.7E+00 3.5E+00 2.0E+00 1.2E+00 2.8E+00 2.8E+00

V IV 677.345 680.632 681.145 682.455 682.923 684.450 691.530 723.537 724.068 724.809 737.854 750.110 884.146 1071.05 1110.72 1112.20 1112.44 1127.84 1131.26 1194.46 1226.52 1243.72 1247.07 1272.97 1304.17 1305.42

9 9 7 7 5 7 5 3 5 5 9 5 1 5 3 7 5 7 9 7 5 3 5 3 3 5

9 7 5 7 5 5 3 1 5 3 7 5 3 5 3 7 5 5 7 5 5 1 3 1 5 7

6.7E+00 1.2E+01 1.1E+01 6.5E+00 6.9E+00 7.7E+00 1.1E+01 1.5E+01 1.1E+01 5.6E+00 2.4E+01 1.0E+01 4.7E+00 6.1E+00 5.0E+00 6.3E+00 5.0E+00 8.9E+00 9.4E+00 1.0E+01 1.5E+01 9.4E+00 4.7E+00 2.7E+01 1.5E+01 7.0E+00

Å 1308.06 1309.50 1312.72 1317.57 1321.92 1326.81 1329.29 1329.97 1330.36 1331.67 1332.46 1334.49 1355.13 1356.53 1395.00 1400.42 1403.62 1412.69 1414.41 1414.84 1418.53 1419.58 1423.72 1426.65 1429.11 1434.84 1451.04 1454.00 1520.14 1522.49 1601.92 1611.88 1806.18 1809.85 1817.68 1825.84 1861.56 1939.07 1951.43 1963.10 1997.72 2084.43 2120.05 2141.20 2146.83 2149.85 2151.09 2155.34 2446.80 2570.72 3284.56 3496.42 3514.25

gi

7 5 7 5 7 3 5 3 1 3 5 9 7 5 5 5 7 3 5 5 7 7 3 9 5 7 3 5 5 3 3 7 5 3 5 7 5 7 5 3 7 5 7 3 7 5 7 11 9 9 7 7 9

9 5 7 7 9 5 5 3 3 1 3 9 9 3 7 7 9 3 7 5 7 9 5 11 5 7 3 3 7 5 3 7 3 1 3 5 7 9 7 5 7 5 9 5 9 7 9 13 11 11 9 9 11

1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3

gk

A 108 s–1 7.9E+00 8.7E+00 8.6E+00 8.7E+00 9.9E+00 4.0E+00 1.5E+01 4.8E+00 6.0E+00 1.7E+01 7.5E+00 8.3E+00 2.5E+01 4.9E+00 1.4E+01 7.5E+00 8.4E+00 1.1E+01 1.2E+01 4.6E+00 5.2E+00 1.3E+01 7.1E+00 2.2E+01 5.0E+00 5.4E+00 7.0E+00 1.1E+01 7.2E+00 5.5E+00 1.2E+01 5.2E+00 7.3E+00 7.2E+00 4.8E+00 5.3E+00 6.6E+00 5.8E+00 5.0E+00 4.8E+00 4.7E+00 4.0E+00 8.1E+00 7.0E+00 6.6E+00 5.1E+00 4.3E+00 1.2E+01 5.3E+00 7.6E+00 5.3E+00 4.4E+00 4.7E+00

Xenon Xe I 1043.8 1047.1 1050.1 1056.1

5.9E-01 1.3E+00 8.5E-02 2.45E+00

5/4/05 8:14:10 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities

10-154 λ Å

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 7 1 9 3 3

8

λ –1

1061.2 1068.2 1085.4 1099.7 1110.7 1129.3 1170.4 1192.0 1250.2 1295.6 1469.6 4501.0 4524.7 4624.3 4671.2 4807.0 7119.6 7967.3 8409.2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 3 7 1 5

1.9E-01 3.99E+00 4.10E-01 4.34E-01 1.5E+00 4.4E-02 1.6E+00 6.2E+00 1.4E-01 2.46E+00 2.81E+00 6.2E-03 2.1E-03 7.2E-03 1.0E-02 2.4E-02 6.6E-02 3.0E-03 1.0E-02

Xe II 4180.1 4330.5 4414.8 4603.0 4844.3 4876.5 5260.4 5262.0 5292.2 5372.4 5419.2 5439.0 5472.6 5531.1 5719.6 5976.5 6036.2 6051.2 6097.6 6270.8 6277.5 6805.7 6990.9

4 6 6 4 6 6 2 4 6 4 4 4 8 8 4 4 6 8 6 4 4 8 10

4 8 6 4 8 8 4 4 6 2 6 2 8 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 6 8

2.2E+00 1.4E+00 1.0E+00 8.2E-01 1.1E+00 6.3E-01 2.2E-01 8.5E-01 8.9E-01 7.1E-01 6.2E-01 7.4E-01 9.9E-02 8.8E-02 6.1E-02 2.8E-01 7.5E-02 1.7E-01 2.6E-01 1.8E-01 3.6E-02 6.1E-02 2.7E-01

Yb I 2464.5 2672.0 3464.4 3988.0 5556.5

1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3 3

9.1E-01 1.18E-01 6.2E-01 1.76E+00 1.14E-02

Yb II 3289.4 3694.2

2 2

4 2

1.8E+00 1.4E+00

4 4

4 6

3.5E-01 3.5E-01

Ytterbium

Yttrium YI 2948.41 2974.59

Section 10.indb 154

Å 2984.25 2995.26 2996.94 3005.26 3022.28 3045.36 3053.95 3155.65 3172.84 3185.96 3209.38 3227.16 3484.05 3549.66 3552.69 4077.36 4083.71 4102.36 4128.30 4142.84 4167.51 4235.93 4352.40 4379.33 4385.47 4394.01 4409.70 4417.43 4437.34 4443.65 4459.01 4476.95 4491.74 4514.01 4527.78 4534.09 4544.31 4559.36 4581.33 4613.00 4643.70 4653.78 4674.85 4725.84 4762.96 4780.16 4781.03 4799.30 4804.31 4804.80 4821.63 4845.67 4852.68 4856.71 4859.84 4893.44 4900.08 4906.11 4950.01 4963.49

gi

6 6 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 6 6 6 4 6 4 4 4 6 6 4 6 6 4 6 4 8 4 10 6 10 4 8 10 4 8 6 6 2 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 2 8 6 6 4 6 8 6 6 4 6 8 10 8 4

Weights

A

gk

10 s

8 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 4 8 6 4 6 6 4 6 4 8 6 4 6 4 4 4 4 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 10 6 6 8 6 4 4 4 6 6 8 4 4 4 10 8 4 4 6 8 6 6 4 4 6 8 6 4

8

Weights

λ –1

4.8E-01 5.1E-02 8.4E-02 4.8E-02 6.6E-02 1.07E-01 1.9E-03 2.7E-03 9.9E-03 1.2E-03 3.0E-03 1.10E-03 1.2E-02 1.0E-03 2.3E-01 1.1E+00 2.5E-01 1.3E+00 1.6E+00 1.6E+00 2.38E-01 3.0E-01 6.7E-03 7.83E-01 6.9E-02 1.9E-02 2.7E-03 3.2E-02 8.64E-02 1.1E-01 1.8E-02 2.8E-01 2.3E-02 3.34E-01 8.33E-01 4.4E-02 4.10E-01 4.0E-01 1.5E-01 1.8E-01 1.8E-01 1.6E-01 1.3E-01 1.5E-01 4.2E-02 8.9E-02 1.0E-01 1.6E-01 2.6E-01 3.84E-01 1.0E-01 6.8E-01 6.2E-01 2.0E-01 7.26E-01 2.2E-01 2.0E-01 1.2E-01 2.0E-02 1.4E-02

Å

gi

4981.97 5004.44 5205.01 5258.47 5271.82 5380.63 5381.24 5388.39 5390.81 5401.88 5424.36 5466.24 5466.47 5469.10 5513.65 5519.88 5526.43 5527.56 5541.63 5551.00 5573.03 5594.12 5606.34 5619.96 5630.14 5641.78 5675.27 5675.64 5693.63 5714.94 5729.25 5732.09 5740.22 5757.59 5788.36 5844.13 5879.93 5902.91 6087.94 6191.72 6222.58 6402.01 6435.02 6437.17 6538.57 6622.48 6815.15 7009.89 7035.15

4 6 4 6 8 6 4 6 8 6 6 4 10 4 6 4 6 8 8 4 6 6 10 6 4 2 6 4 4 8 6 6 8 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 4 6 6 10 10 8 2 2 4

6 4 4 6 6 4 4 8 6 8 4 4 12 6 6 6 4 10 8 4 4 8 10 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 2 8 4 4 6 4 6 8 10 6 4 4 4

Y II 3112.03 3179.42 3195.62 3200.27 3203.32 3216.69 3242.28 3448.81 3467.88

1 3 3 5 3 5 7 5 5

3 5 3 5 1 3 5 5 3

gk

A 108 s–1 4.7E-03 1.2E-02 8.4E-03 2.9E-03 1.1E-02 3.2E-01 9.9E-03 1.1E-02 2.9E-02 6.0E-03 3.47E-01 1.0E-01 6.3E-01 3.6E-03 2.39E-01 1.2E-02 3.9E-03 5.4E-01 5.2E-02 6.9E-02 1.8E-02 5.0E-02 5.84E-02 2.0E-02 4.9E-01 1.9E-02 9.3E-02 4.3E-02 1.1E-01 2.0E-02 2.2E-03 7.5E-02 4.0E-02 7.6E-03 9.4E-03 5.6E-03 8.5E-02 4.0E-02 1.1E-01 4.7E-02 5.9E-03 2.7E-03 4.0E-02 4.8E-02 1.5E-01 4.5E-03 7.18E-02 4.4E-02 6.3E-02 1.3E-02 3.8E-02 8.23E-01 4.8E-01 2.77E+00 2.0E+00 2.0E+00 4.1E-02 2.7E-02

5/4/05 8:14:13 AM

NIST Atomic Transition Probabilities λ Å 3496.08 3549.01 3584.51 3600.74 3601.91 3611.04 3628.70 3664.62 3710.29 3747.55 3774.34 3776.56 3788.70 3818.34 3832.90 3878.29 3930.66 3950.36 3951.59 3982.60 4124.91 4177.54 4199.27 4204.69 4235.73 4309.62 4358.73

Section 10.indb 155

1 5 3 7 3 5 5 7 7 3 5 5 3 5 7 7 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 1 5 7 3

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

3 7 5 7 3 5 3 5 9 3 7 3 5 5 7 5 5 5 3 5 7 5 5 3 5 5 3

8

10-155 λ

–1

3.49E-01 3.97E-01 4.02E-01 1.4E+00 1.13E+00 1.04E+00 3.3E-01 3.7E-01 1.5E+00 1.9E-01 1.1E+00 2.42E-01 8.1E-01 9.70E-02 3.0E-01 2.9E-02 2.1E-02 2.80E-01 1.5E-02 2.7E-01 1.8E-02 5.27E-01 5.36E-03 2.20E-02 2.3E-02 1.29E-01 5.55E-02

Å 4374.95 4398.01 4422.59 4682.33 4786.58 4823.31 4854.87 4881.44 4883.69 4900.11 4982.13 5087.42 5119.11 5200.41 5205.73 5289.82 5320.78 5473.39 5480.73 5497.41 5509.90 5544.61 5546.01 5728.89 6613.74 6832.48 7264.16

5 5 3 5 7 5 5 5 9 7 7 9 5 5 7 7 9 3 1 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5

gi

Weights

A

gk

10 s

5 3 1 5 7 5 3 3 7 5 9 9 7 5 7 5 7 5 3 5 5 1 3 5 7 5 3

8

λ –1

9.97E-01 1.16E-01 1.83E-01 1.9E-02 2.1E-02 4.3E-02 3.9E-01 1.5E-03 4.7E-01 4.51E-01 1.5E-02 2.0E-01 1.6E-02 1.3E-01 1.6E-01 6.7E-03 3.9E-03 4.3E-02 7.62E-02 1.2E-01 4.24E-02 1.8E-01 5.8E-02 3.0E-02 1.7E-02 3.3E-03 1.3E-02

Weights

Å

gk

gi

A 108 s–1

Zinc Zn I 748.29 765.60 792.05 793.85 809.92 1109.1 2138.6 3075.9 3282.3 3302.6 3302.9 3345.0 3345.6 3345.9 6362.3 11054

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 5 5 5 3 3

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 7 5 3 5 1

6.0E-02 7.6E-02 5.7E-02 1.8E-01 2.6E-01 3.05E-01 7.09E+00 3.29E-04 9.0E-01 1.2E+00 6.7E-01 1.7E+00 4.0E-01 4.5E-02 4.74E-01 2.43E-01

Zn II 2025.5 2064.2 2099.9 2102.2 4911.6

2 2 4 4 4

4 4 6 4 6

3.3E+00 4.6E+00 5.6E+00 9.3E-01 1.6E+00

5/4/05 8:14:15 AM

Electron Affinities Thomas M. Miller Electron affinity is defined as the energy difference between the lowest (ground) state of the neutral and the lowest state of the corresponding negative ion. The accuracy of electron affinity measurements has been greatly improved since the advent of laser photodetachment experiments with negative ions. Electron affinities can be determined with optical precision, though a detailed understanding of atomic and molecular states and splittings is required to specify the photodetachment threshold corresponding to the electron affinity. Atomic and molecular electron affinities are discussed in two excellent articles reviewing photodetachment studies which appear in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Vol. 3, Bowers, M. T., Ed., Academic Press, Orlando, 1984: Chapter 21 by Drzaic, P. S., Marks, J., and Brauman, J. I., “Electron Photodetachment from Gas Phase Negative Ions,” p. 167, and Chapter 22 by Mead, R. D., Stevens, A. E., and Lineberger, W. C., “Photodetachment in Negative Ion Beams,” p. 213. Persons interested in photodetachment details should consult these articles and the critical reviews of Andersen, T., Haugen, H. K., and Hotop, H., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 28, 1511, 1999, Hotop, H. and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, 731, 1985, and Andersen, T., Haugen, H. K., and Hotop, H., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 28, 1511, 1999. For simplicity in the tables below, any electron affinity which was discussed in the articles by Drzaic et al. or Hotop and Lineberger is referenced to these sources, where original references are given. The develop-

ment of cluster-ion photodetachment apparatuses has brought an explosion of electron affinity estimates for atomic and molecular clusters. The policy in this tabulation is to list the electron affinities for the atoms, diatoms, and triatoms, if adiabatic electron affinities have been determined, but to refer the reader to original sources for higher-order clusters. Additional data on molecular electron affinities may be found in Lias, S. G., Bartmess, J. E., Liebman, J. F., Holmes, J. L., Levin, R. D., and Mallard, W. G., Gas Phase Ion and Neutral Thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, (Supplement No. 1), 1988 and on the NIST WebBook at the Internet address http://webbook.nist.gov/. For the present tabulation the 2002 CODATA value e/hc = 8065.54445 ± 0.00069 cm-1 eV-1 (http://physics.nist.gov) has been used to convert electron affinities from the units used in spectroscopic work, cm-1, into eV for these tables. The 86 ppb uncertainty in e/hc is insignificant compared to uncertainties in the electron affinity measurements. Abbreviations used in the tables: calc = calculated value; PT = photodetachment threshold using a lamp as a light source; LPT = laser photodetachment threshold; LPES = laser photoelectron spectroscopy; DA = dissociative attachment; attach = electron attachment/detachment equilibrium; e-scat = electron scattering; kinetic = dissociation kinetics; Knud=Knudsen cell; CT = charge transfer; CD = collisional detachment; and ZEKE = zero electron kinetic energy spectroscopy.

TABLE 1. Atomic Electron Affinities Atomic number Atom  1 H

2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

10-156

D D T He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn

Electron affinity in eV 0.754195 0.75420812 0.754593 0.75465624 0.75480540 not stable 0.618049 not stable 0.279723 1.262119 not stable 1.4611096 3.4011895 not stable 0.547926 not stable 0.43283 1.3895220 0.7465 2.077103 3.612724 not stable 0.50147 0.02455 0.188 0.079 0.525 0.666 not stable

Uncertainty in eV 0.000019 — 0.000074 — — — 0.000020 — 0.000025 0.000020 — 0.0000007 0.0000025 — 0.000025 — 0.00005 0.0000024 0.0003 0.000001 0.000027 — 0.00010 0.00010 0.020 0.014 0.012 0.012 —

Method LPT calc LPT calc calc calc LPT calc LPES LPT DA LPT LPT calc LPT e-scat LPES LPES LPT LPT LPT calc LPT LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES calc

Ref. 89 205 89 deuterium 205 deuterium 205 tritium 1 185 1 191 28 1 4 227 1 1 1 208 227 1 1 52 1 1 44 1 1 1 1 1

Electron Affinities

10-157 Atomic number 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 63 69 70 71 72 73 74 75   76   77   78   79   80   81   82   83   84   85   86   87   88   89 118 121

Atom

Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Eu Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac ekaradon ekaactinium

Electron affinity in eV 0.151 0.662 1.156 1.235 not stable 0.43 1.232712 0.814 2.020670 3.363588 not stable 0.48592 0.048 0.307 0.426 0.893 0.748 0.55 1.05 1.137 0.562 1.302 not stable 0.3 1.112067 1.046 1.970876 3.059037 not stable 0.471626 0.14462 0.47 0.955 0.962 0.864 1.029 -0.020 0.34 »0 0.322 0.815 0.15 1.1 1.5638 2.128 2.30863 not stable 0.2 0.364 0.942362 1.9 2.8 not stable 0.46 0.10 0.35 0.056 0.57

Uncertainty in eV 0.003 0.003 0.010 0.005 — 0.03 0.000015 0.008 0.000025 0.000002 — 0.00002 0.006 0.012 0.014 0.025 0.002 0.20 0.15 0.008 0.005 0.007 — 0.2 0.000015 0.005 0.000007 0.000010 — 0.000025 0.00006 0.02 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.022 — 0.01 — 0.012 0.002 0.15 0.2 0.0005 0.002 0.00003 — 0.2 0.008 0.000013 0.3 0.2 — — — — 0.01 —

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES e-scat LPES LPES LPES LPT LPT calc LPT LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES calc calc LPES LPES LPES e-scat PT LPES LPES LPT LPT calc LPT LPT LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES calc LPT calc LPES LPES calc calc LPT LPT LPT e-scat PT LPES LPT calc calc calc calc calc calc calc calc

Ref. 27 27 1 37 1 183 28 200 1 74 1 1 122 1 1 1 127 1 1 1 116 1 1 1 28 108 261 92 1 1 195 184 269 225 268 264 196 223 1 1 37 1 1 141 1 1 1 1 1 262 1 1 1 82 273 207 140 207

Electron Affinities

10-158 TABLE 2. Electron Affinities for Diatomic Molecules Molecule

Ag2 AgO Al2 AlO AlP AlS As2 AsH AsO Au2 AuO AuPd AuS BN BO BeH Bi2 Br2 BrO C2 CH CN CRh CS CaH Cl2 ClO Co2 CoD CoH Cr2 CrD CrH CrO Cs2 CsCl CsO Cu2 CuO F2 FO Fe2 FeD FeH FeO GaAs GaO GaP Ge2 I2 IBr IO InP K2 KBr KCl KCs KI KRb LiCl LiD LiH MgCl MgH MgI MgO MnD

Electron affinity in eV

1.023 1.654 1.10 2.60 2.043 2.60 0.739 1.0 1.286 1.938 2.374 1.88 2.469 3.160 2.508 0.7 1.271 2.55 2.353 3.269 1.238 3.862 1.46 0.205 0.93 2.38 2.275 1.110 0.680 0.671 0.505 0.568 0.563 1.221 0.469 0.455 0.273 0.836 1.777 3.08 2.272 0.902 0.932 0.934 1.493 1.949 2.612 1.988 2.035 2.524 2.55 2.378 1.845 0.497 0.642 0.582 0.471 0.728 0.486 0.593 0.337 0.342 1.589 1.05 1.899 1.630 0.866

Uncertainty in eV

0.007 0.002 0.15 0.02 0.020 0.03 0.008 0.1 0.008 0.007 0.007 — 0.006 0.005 0.008 0.1 0.008 0.10 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.004 0.02 0.021 0.05 0.10 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.005 0.010 0.010 0.006 0.015 0.010 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.10 0.006 0.008 0.015 0.011 0.005 0.020 0.008 0.020 0.001 0.015 0.10 0.006 0.020 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.06 0.018 0.025 0.010

Method

LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPES LPES

Ref.

37 233 68 143 218 129 200 2 198 37 282 220 282 189 6 2 119 2 88 87 2 111 206 2 2 2 88 27 29 29 114 29 29 5 104 30 133 37 118 2 88 27 9 9 45 218 279 218 123 305 2 88 218 104 30 30 104 30 104 30 102 102 31 2 31 178 9

Molecule

MnH MnO MoO NH NO NRh NS Na2 NaBr NaCl NaF NaI NaK NbO Ni2 NiCu NiAg NiD NiH NiO O2 OD OH ORh P2 PH PO Pb2 PbO PbS Pd2 PdCO PdO Pt2 PtN Rb2 RbCl RbCs Re2 S2 SD SF SH SO Sb2 ScO Se2 SeH SeO Si2 SiF SiH SiN Sn2 SnO SnPb Te2 TeH TeO TiO VO YO ZnF ZnH ZnO ZrO

Electron affinity in eV

0.869 1.375 1.290 0.370 0.026 1.51 1.194 0.430 0.788 0.727 0.520 0.865 0.465 1.29 0.926 0.889 0.979 0.477 0.481 1.470 0.450 1.825533 1.8276487 1.58 0.589 1.027 1.092 1.366 0.722 1.049 1.685 0.604 1.570 1.898 1.240 0.498 0.544 0.478 1.571 1.670 2.315 2.285 2.314343 1.125 1.282 1.35 1.94 2.212519 1.456 2.201 0.81 1.277 2.949 1.962 0.598 1.569 1.92 2.102 1.697 1.30 1.229 1.35 1.974 <0.95 2.087 1.3

Uncertainty in eV

0.010 0.010 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.02 0.011 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.030 0.02 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.007 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.000037 0.000011 0.02 0.025 0.006 0.010 0.010 0.006 0.010 0.008 0.010 0.006 0.008 0.010 0.015 0.010 0.020 0.008 0.015 0.002 0.006 0.000004 0.005 0.008 0.02 0.07 0.000025 0.020 0.010 0.02 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.006 0.008 0.07 0.015 0.022 0.03 0.008 0.02 0.008 ­— 0.008 0.3

Method

LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPES

Ref.

9 158 127 32 73 206 2 104 30 30 30 30 104 174 112 128 128 29 29 146 222 142 226 206 42 281 2 117 105 228 112 160 290 112 46 104 30 104 33 53 10 93 47 84 108 171 38 48 41 100 278 2 274 117 168 117 38 39 40 172 170 171 179 2 179 173

Electron Affinities

10-159 TABLE 3. Electron Affinities for Triatomic Molecules

Electron Molecule affinity in eV 2.32 Ag3 AgCN 1.588 1.4 Al3

AlO2 AlP2 Al2N Al2P Al2S As3 AsH2 Au3 AuBr2 AuCl2 AuI2 Au2H Au2Pd BO2 B2N B3 Bi3 C3 CBr2 CCl2 CD2 CDF CF2 CH2 CHBr CHCl CHF CHI CI2 C2Cr C2H C2Nb C2O COS CS2 C2Ti CoD2 CoH2 CrH2 Cr2D Cr2H Cr2O CrO2 CrO2 Cs3 Cu3 CuCN CuCl2 CuBr2 DCO DNO DO2 DS2 Fe3 FeC2 FeCO FeD­2 FeH2 FeO2 Fe2H Fe2O GaAs2 GaP2 Ga2As Ga2N

4.23 1.933 2.571 2.513 0.80 1.45 1.27 3.7 4.46 4.60 4.18 3.55 3.80 4.3 3.098 2.82 1.60 1.981 1.88 1.59 0.645 0.535 0.180 0.652 1.454 1.210 0.542 1.42 2.09 2.30 2.969 1.380 2.289 -0.04 0.58 1.542 1.465 1.450 >2.5 1.464 1.474 0.9 2.413 1.5 0.864 2.11 1.466 4.35 4.35 0.301 0.330 1.077 1.912 1.43 1.9782 1.157 1.038 1.049 2.358 0.564 1.60 1.894 1.666 2.428 2.506

Uncertainty in eV Method 0.05 LPES 0.010 LPES 0.15 LPES 0.02 0.007 0.008 0.020 0.12 0.03 0.03 0.3 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.03 — 0.2 0.005 0.02 0.03 0.020 0.07 0.07 0.006 0.005 0.020 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.17 0.07 1.617 0.006 0.025 0.018 — 0.05 0.020 0.013 0.014 — 0.005 0.005 0.1 0.008 0.06 0.030 0.05 0.010 0.05 0.05 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.015 0.06 0.0006 0.005 0.013 0.014 0.030 0.019 0.02 0.033 0.041 0.020 0.008

LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES 0.015 LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES

Ref. 37 163 68 143 217 297 217 129 200 2 37 294 294 294 276 220 98 193 221 119 11 235 235 12 95 235 12 95 95 95 95 235 271 87 243 180 272 278 147 34 34 34 107 107 306 144 OCrO 241 Cr(O2) 18 37 163 177 177 35 14 15 53 149 254 103 34 34 130 254 152 192 192 192 302

Molecule Ga2P Ge3 GeH2 HCO HCl2 HNO HO2 HS2 I3 InP2 In2P K3 MnD2 MnH2 MnO2 N3 N3 NCN NCO NCS NH2 N2O NO2 (NO)R Na3 NaCS2 Na2CS2 Nb3 Ni3 NiCN NiCO NiD2 NiH2 NiO2 NiO2 O3 O2Ar OClO OIO PH2 P2H PO2 Pd3 PdCN PdCO Pt3 PtCN PtCO Rb3 ReO2 S3 SO2 S2O Sb3 SeO2 SiF2 Si2F SiH2 Si2H Si3 Sn3 SnCN Ta3 TiO2 V3 VO2 WO2

Electron affinity in eV 2.481 2.23 1.097 0.313 4.896 0.338 1.078 1.907 4.226 1.61 2.36 0.956 0.465 0.444 2.06 2.70 2.68 2.484 3.609 3.537 0.771 -0.03 2.273 R=Ar,Kr,Xe 1.019 0.80 0.25 1.032 1.41 1.771 0.804 1.926 1.934 3.05 0.82 2.1028 0.52 2.140 2.577 1.263 1.514 3.42 <1.5 2.543 0.606 1.87 3.191 1.212 0.920 2.5 2.093 1.107 1.877 1.85 1.823 0.10 1.99 1.124 2.31 2.29 2.24 1.922 1.36 1.59 1.107 2.3 1.958

Uncertainty in eV 0.015 0.01 0.015 0.005 0.005 0.015 0.006 0.015 0.013 0.05 0.05 0.050 0.014 0.016 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.10 0.005 — 0.060 0.05 0.05 0.010 0.05 0.010 0.012 0.007 0.008 0.01 0.03 0.0025 0.02 0.008 0.008 0.006 0.010 0.01 0.1 0.007 0.010 0.02 0.003 0.010 0.030 0.1 0.025 0.008 0.008 0.03 0.050 0.10 0.28 0.020 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.006 0.03 0.03 0.010 0.2 0.050

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES calc LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES

Ref. 192 123 28 35 69 14 15 53 162 137 137 18 34 34 158 2 255 154 111 111 58 59 63 90 18 278 278 175 55 287 2 34 34 214 ONiO 214 Ni(O2) 2 75 88 88 281 281 124 55 287 293 55 287 293 18 216 16 16 16 108 38 278 17 2 182 110 289 292 169 172 176 101 233

Electron Affinities

10-160 TABLE 4. Electron Affinities for Larger Polyatomic Molecules Molecule Agn Aln Al5 Al2C2 Al3C Al3C2 Al3Ge2 Al3Si2 Al3O Al5H2O5 Al5O4 AlnOm AlnOm AlnPm AlnSm Ar(H2O)n ArnBr ArnI As4 As5 As5 Aun AuF6 Au3Pd Au4Pd Au6 Au6(CO) Au6(CO)2 Au6(CO)3 Au12Nb Au12Ta Au12V B5 BD3 BH3 B6Li B 3N Bin Bi4 Bi5 Br(CO2) Br(H2O)n Br7Au2 Cn CnCr CnNb (CO2)n (CS)n (CS2)n CAl3Ge CAl3Si CCl4 CCoNO3 CDO2 CF3 CF3Br CF3I CFO2 CHCl3

Electron affinity in eV n=1-60 n=3-32 2.23 0.64 2.56 2.19 2.43 2.36 1.00 3.10 3.50 n=1,2 n=3-7 n=1-4 n=1-5 n=2,6,7 n=2-9 n=2-19 <0.8 ≈1.7 ≈3.5 n=1-233 7.5 2.51 2.69 2.06 2.04 2.03 1.95 3.70 3.77 3.76 2.33 0.027 0.038 2.3 2.098 n=2-9 1.05 2.87 3.582 n=1-4 3.52 n=2-84 n=2-8 n=2-7 n=1,2 n=2 n=1,2 2.70 2.77 ≤1.14 1.73 3.510 1.82 0.91 1.57 4.277 ≤0.78

Uncertainty in eV — — 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.10 0.05 m=1-5 m=2-5 m=1-4 m=1-3 — — — — — — — estimate — — 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.014 0.015 0.1 0.035 — 0.010 0.02 0.017 — 0.02 — — — — — — 0.06 0.06 — 0.03 0.015 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.030 —

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES ZEKE ZEKE LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES CD CD LPES CT

Ref. 37 68 238 239 acetylide 161 244 244 244 68 283 283 143 267 217 129 77 212 212 200 200 253 37 98 220 220 288 288 288 288 275 275 275 245 62 62 298 193 213 119 253 131 250 301 70 271 243 75 75 75 224 224 266 199 Co(CO2)NO 109 187 2 2 131 266

Electron Affinities Molecule CHO2 CH2O4 CH2S CD3NO2 CD3O CD3O2 CD3S CD3S2 CH3 CH3I CH­3NO2 CH3O CH3O2 CH3S CH3S2 CH3Si CH3Si CH4N CH5Si CO3 C2F2 C2DN C2DN C2DO C2HF C2HN C2HN C2HO C2HNPd C2HPd C2HPt C2D2 C2HD C2HFe C2HNi C2H2 C2H2FO C2D2N C2D2N C2H2Fe C2H2N C2H2N C2H2Ni C2H3 C2H3Fe C2H3Ni C2D3O C2H3O C2D5O C2H5N C2H5O C2H5O2 C2H5S C2H5S C2H7O2 C3Fe C3H C3HFe C3H2 C3H2F3O

10-161 Electron affinity in eV 3.498 2.1 0.465 0.24 1.559 1.154 1.856 1.748 0.08 0.11 0.26 1.572 1.161 1.867 1.757 0.852 2.010 0.432 1.19 2.69 2.255 2.009 1.877 2.350 1.718 2.003 1.883 2.338 2.17 1.98 2.650 0.492 0.489 1.4512 1.063 0.490 2.22 1.538 1.070 1.328 1.543 1.059 2.531 0.667 1.587 1.103 1.81897 1.82476 1.699 0.56 1.712 1.186 1.953 0.868 2.26 1.69 1.858 1.58 1.794 2.625

Uncertainty in eV 0.015 0.2 0.023 0.08 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.022 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.022 0.010 0.010 0.015 0.04 0.14 0.006 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.006 0.014 0.013 0.008 0.03 0.03 0.010 0.006 0.006 0.0025 0.019 0.006 0.09 0.012 0.024 0.019 0.014 0.024 0.005 0.024 0.019 0.019 0.00012 0.00012 0.004 0.01 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.051 0.08 0.08 0.023 0.06 0.008 0.010

Method LPES PT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPT LPES PT LPES LPES LPT LPES PT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT

Ref. 109 2 53 211 194 188 2 53 2 277 211 194 188 166 53 97 97 215 65 2 106 219 219 13 106 219 219 190 291 287 287 83 83 254 254 83 2 21 21 254 21 21 287 90 254 254 22 22 194 2 194 188 2 53 50 132 11 132 153 113

CO3(H2O)

d3-methyl peroxyl radical

methyl peroxyl radical

CH3-Si CH2=SiH CH3SiH2 difluorovinylidene DCCN DCNC monofluorovinylidene HCCN HCNC

vinylidene-d2 vinylidene-d1 vinylidene acetyl fluoride enolate cyanomethyl-d2 radical isocyanomethyl-d2 radical cyanomethyl radical isocyanomethyl radical HNiC2H vinyl

acetaldehyde-d3 enolate acetaldehyde enolate ethoxide-d3 ethyl nitrine ethoxide ethyl peroxyl radical ethyl sulfide CH3SCH2 MeOHOMe

1,1,1-trifluoroacetone enolate

Electron Affinities

10-162 Molecule C3H3 C3H2D C3D2H C3H3N C3D5 C3H5 C3H5 C3H4D C3H5O C3H5O C3H5O2 C3H7O C3H7O C3H7S C3H7S C3O C3O2 C3Ti C4F4Cl2 C4F4O3 C4F8 C4Fe C4HFe C4H2Fe C4H2O3 C4H3Fe C4H3Ni C4D4 C4H4 C4H4N C4H4N3O C4H5O C4H6 C4H6O2 C4H6D C4H7 C4H7O C4H5DO C4H4D2O C4H9O C4H9S C4H9S C4O C4O2 C4Ti C5 C5F5N C5F6O3 C5HF4N C5D5 C5H5 C5H5NO2 C5H5N2O C5H7 C5H7NO3 C5H7O C5H9O C5H11O C5H11S C5O2

Electron affinity in eV 0.893 0.88 0.907 1.247 0.464 0.481 0.397 0.373 1.758 1.621 1.80 1.789 1.847 2.00 2.02 1.34 0.85 1.561 0.87 0.5 0.63 <2.2 1.67 1.633 1.44 1.182 0.824 0.909 0.914 2.145 0.75 1.801 0.431 0.69 0.493 0.505 1.67 1.67 1.75 1.909 2.03 2.07 2.05 2.0 1.494 2.853 0.70 1.5 0.40 1.790 1.804 1.39 0.62 0.91 1.87 1.598 1.69 1.93 2.09 1.2

Uncertainty in eV 0.025 0.15 0.023 0.012 0.006 0.008 0.069 0.019 0.019 0.006 0.06 0.033 0.004 0.02 0.02 0.15 0.15 0.015 0.08 0.2 0.05 0.2 0.06 0.019 0.10 0.019 0.019 0.015 0.015 0.010 ­— 0.008 0.006 0.10 0.008 0.006 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.004 0.02 0.02 0.15 0.2 0.020 0.001 0.05 0.2 0.08 0.008 0.007 ­— — 0.03 — 0.007 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.2

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES kinetic LPES LPT LPT PT LPES LPES PT PT LPES LPES LPES attach CD attach LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES CT LPES LPES PT PT PT LPES PT PT LPES LPES LPES LPT attach CD attach LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPT PT LPT PT LPES

Ref. 24 24 24 21 138 138 155 25 113 113 2 23 194 2 2 11 11 147 258 2 256 132 132 254 61 254 254 125 125 265 285 113 135 61 138 138 2 2 2 194 2 2 11 11 147 99 259 2 259 11 11 285 285 2 285 113 2 2 2 11

propargyl radical propargyl-d1 radical propargyl-d2 radical CH3CH-CN allyl-d5 allyl cyclopropyl allyl-d1 acetone enolate propionaldehyde enolate methyl acetate enolate propyl oxide isopropyl oxide propyl sulfide isopropyl sulfide

1,2-dichlorotetrafluoro-cyclobutene tetrafluorosuccinic anhydride octafluorocyclobutane

maleic anhydride

vinylvinylidene-d4 vinylvinylidene pyrrolyl NO (pyrimidine) cyclobutanone enolate trimethylenemethane 2,3-butanedione 2-methylallyl-d7 2-methylallyl butyraldehyde enolate 2-butanone-3-d1 enolate 2-butanone-3,3-d2 enolate t-butoxyl n-butyl sulfide t-butyl sulfide

pentafluoropyridine hexafluoroglutaric anhydride tetrafluoropyridine cyclopentadienyl-d5 cyclopentadienyl O2 (pyridine) NO (pyridine) pentadienyl O2 (pyridine · H2O) cyclopentanone enolate 3-penanone enolate neopentoxyl pentyl sulfide

Electron Affinities Molecule C5Ti C6 C6Br4O2 C6Cl4O2 C6F4O2 C6F5Br C6F5Cl C6F5I C6F5NO2 C6F6 C6F10 C6H2Cl2O2 C6H3F2NO2 C6D4 C6H4 C6H4BrNO2 C6H4BrNO2 C6H4BrNO2 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4ClO C6H4FNO2 C6H4FNO2 C6H4FNO2 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4O2 C6D5 C6D5N C6H2O2 C6H3O2 C6H5 C6H5N C6H5NO2 C6H5O C6H5S C6H5NH C6H6NO C6H6O2 C6H7 C6H8 C6H8Si C6H9 C6H9O C6H10 C6H11O C6H11O C6N4 C7F5N C7F8 C7F14 C7HF5O C7H3N3O4 C7H4F3NO2 C7H4N2O2 C7H4N2O2 C7H4N2O2 C7H6Br

10-163 Electron affinity in eV 1.748 4.180 2.44 2.78 2.70 1.15 0.75 1.41 1.52 0.53 >1.4 2.48 1.17 0.551 0.560 1.16 1.32 1.29 1.14 1.28 1.26 ≤2.58 1.07 1.23 1.12 1.65 1.65 2.00 1.860 1.092 1.44 1.859 <2.18 1.096 1.429 1.00 2.253 <2.47 1.70 0.44 1.06 <1.67 0.855 1.435 0.654 1.526 0.645 1.755 1.82 2.3 1.11 0.86 1.08 1.10 2.16 1.41 1.61 1.56 1.72 1.308

Uncertainty in eV 0.050 0.001 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.05 0.3 0.10 0.10 0.010 0.010 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.005 0.020 0.02 0.005 — 0.006 0.011 0.01 0.006 0.06 0.03 — — 0.04 0.010 0.004 0.010 0.010 0.015 +0.05/-0.005 0.06 0.3 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.008

Method LPES LPT CT CT CT CT attach CT CT attach CT CT CT LPES LPES CT CT CT CT CT CT PT CT CT CT CT CT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPES LPES PT PT LPES LPES PT LPES LPT LPES LPT LPES LPT PT PT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT LPES

Ref. 147 8 2 61 61 67 260 67 67 257 2 61 61 36 36 61 61 61 61 61 61 2 61 61 61 61 61 61 284 26 96 232 232 26 115 164 26 2 2 285 285 2 203 65 203 113 126 113 2 2 67 67 61 67 61 61 61 61 61 167

tetrabromo-BQ tetrachloro-BQ tetrafluoro-BQ pentafluorobromobenzene pentafluorochlorobenzene pentafluoroiodobenzene pentafluoro-NB hexafluorobenzene perfluorocyclohexane 2,6-dichloro-BQ 2,4-difluoro-NB o-benzyne-d4 o-benzyne o-bromo-NB m-bromo-NB p-bromo-NB o-chloro-NB m-chloro-NB p-chloro-NB o-chlorophenoxide o-fluoro-NB m-fluoro-NB p-fluoro-NB o-diNB m-diNB p-diNB 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) phenyl-d5 phenylnitrene-d5 dehydrobenzoquinone benzoquinonide phenyl phenylnitrene nitrobenzene (NB) phenoxyl thiophenoxide anilide NO (benzene) O2 (benzene) methylchylopentadienyl (CH2)2C-C(CH2)2 C6H5SiH3 CH2=C(CH3)-C(CH2)2 cyclohexanone enolate t-butyl vinylidene pinacolone enolate 3,3-dimethylbutananl enolate TCNE pentafluorobenzonitrile octafluorotoluene perfluoromethylcyclohexane pentafluorobenzaldehyde 3,5-(NO2)2-benzonitrile m-trifluoromethyl-NB o-cyano-NB m-cyno-NB p-cyano-NB o-bromobenzyl

Electron Affinities

10-164 Molecule C7H6Br C7H6Br C7H6Cl C7H6Cl C7H6Cl C7H6F C7H6F C7H6F C7H6FO C7H6FO C7H6FeO3 C7H6N2O4 C7H6N2O4 C7H6N2O4 C7H6N2O4 C7H6O2 C7H7 C7H7 C7H7 C7H7 C7H7 C7H7 C7H7 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO3 C7H7NO3 C7H7O C7H7O C7H8FO C7H9 C7H9O C7H9Si C7H11O C7H11O C7H13O C7H13O C8F14N2 C8H3F5O C8H3F6NO2 C8H4F3N C8H4F3N C8H4F3N C8H4O3 C8H6 C8H7 C8H7O C8H7O C8H8 C8H8 C8H9NO2 C8H9NO2 C8H9NO2 C8H13O C8N4NiS4 C8N4PdS4 C8N4PtS4 C8S2

Electron affinity in eV 1.307 1.229 1.257 1.272 1.174 1.091 1.173 0.937 2.218 2.176 0.990 1.77 1.77 1.60 1.55 1.85 0.912 0.868 0.962 1.286 0.39 3.046 >1.140 0.92 0.99 0.95 1.04 0.91 <2.36 2.14 <3.05 1.27 1.61 1.33 1.598 1.49 1.72 1.46 1.89 0.88 1.79 0.70 0.67 0.83 1.21 1.044 1.091 2.057 2.10 0.55 0.919 1.21 2.61 0.86 1.63 4.56 4.55 4.45 0.049

Uncertainty in eV 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.010 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.04 0.006 0.006 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.007 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.008 0.008 0.010 0.08 0.02 0.008 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.005

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPT LPT CT PT PT PT PT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT CT CT CT CT PT PT PT PT PT LPT LPT PT PT PT CT CT CT attach attach attach CT LPES LPES PT LPT CT LPES PT PT CT PT LPES LPES LPES LPES

Ref. 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 167 2 2 120 60 60 60 60 61 26 136 136 136 136 136 136 61 61 61 61 61 2 50 50 2 2 65 113 2 2 2 51 67 61 263 263 263 61 148 134 2 2 134 139 60 60 61 2 307 307 307 230

m-bromobenzyl p-bromobenzyl o-chlorobenzyl m-chlorobenzyl p-chlorobenzyl o-fluorobenzyl m-fluorobenzyl p-fluorobenzyl m-fluoroacetophenone enolate p-fluoroacetophenone enolate η4-1,3-butadiene-Fe(CO)3 3,4-dintrotoluene 2,3-dinitrotoluene 2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,6-dinitrotoluene o-CH3-BQ benzyl 1-quadricyclanide 2-quadricyclanide norbornadienide cycloheptatrienide 1-(1,6-heptadiynide) 3-(1,6-heptadiynide) o-methyl-NB m-methyl-NB p-methyl-NB m-OCH3-NB p-OCH3-NB o-methyl phenoxide benzyloxide PhCH2OHF heptatrienyl 2-norbornanone enolate C6H5(CH3)SiH cycloheptanone enolate 2,5-dimethylcyclopentanone enolate 4-heptanone enolate diisopropyl ketone enolate 1,4-(CN)2C6F4 pentafluoroacetophenone 3,5-(CF3)2-NB o-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile m-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile p-trifluoromethylbenzonitrile phthalic anhydride

acetophenone enolate phenylacetaldehyde enolate cyclooctatetraene m-xylylene 3,5-dimethyl-NB 2,6-dimethyl-NB 2,3-dimethyl-NB cyclooctanone enolate Ni-bis(dithiolene) Pd-bis(dithiolene) Pt-bis(dithiolene) bithiophene

Electron Affinities Molecule C9H8FeO3 C9H9O C9H9SiN C9H11NO2 C9H15O C10H4Cl2O2 C10H6N2O4 C10H6N2O4 C10H6O2 C10H7 C10H7NO2 C10H7NO2 C10H8 C10H8CrO3 C10H8FeO3 C10H8NO C10H8O2 C10H10O3 C10H12O4 C10H17O C11H8FeO3 C12F10 C12H4N4 C12H9 C12H12NO C12H15O C12H21O C13F10O C13H9FO C13H10O C14H9NO2 C14H10 C14H12O (C14H10)n C16H10 C18H12 C18H12 C20H12 C20H12 C20H16NO C22H14 C44Cl28FeN4 C44Cl8F20FeN4 C44Cl9F20FeN4 C44H8F20FeN4 C44H8ClF20FeN4 C44H8Cl21FeN4 C44H12Cl17FeN4 C44H20Cl8FeN4 C44H20Cl9FeN4 C44H28FeN4 C44H28NiN4 C44H28ClFeN4 C44H30N4 C45H29NiN4O C52H39FeN7O C60 C60F2 C64H64FeN8O4 C70F2

10-165 Electron affinity in eV 0.76 2.030 1.43 0.70 1.69 2.19 1.78 1.77 1.81 1.403 1.23 1.18 0.790 0.93 0.98 0.66 1.41 2.09 2.72 1.83 1.29 0.82 2.8 1.07 0.79 2.032 1.90 1.52 0.64 0.62 1.43 0.530 0.770 n=1-16 0.406 1.04 0.32 0.79 0.973 1.06 1.35 2.59 3.21 3.35 2.15 3.14 2.93 3.14 1.86 2.10 1.87 1.51 2.15 1.69 1.74 1.97 2.683 2.74 2.07 2.80

Uncertainty in eV 0.10 0.010 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.015 0.10 0.10 0.008 0.10 0.10 — — — — 0.06 0.10 0.11 0.3 0.10 — 0.010 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.005 0.005 — 0.010 0.10 0.01 0.10 0.005 — 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.23 0.03 0.03 0.19 0.03 0.01 0.15 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.008 0.07 0.03 0.07

Method CT LPT PT CT PT CT CT CT CT LPES CT CT LPES CT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES PT CT CT CD PT LPES LPT PT CT CT CT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES CT LPES LPES CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT LPES Knud CT Knud

Ref. 120 2 2 61 2 61 61 61 61 197 61 61 230 120 120 285 285 285 285 2 120 67 2 2 285 2 2 67 61 61 61 286 286 231 270 66 303 66 236 285 66 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 201 202 186 202

η4-1,3-cyclohexadiene-Fe(CO)3 m-methylacetophenone enolate trimethylsilylnitrene 2,4,6-trimethyl-NB cyclononanone enolate 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone 1,3-dinitronaphthalene 1,5-dinitronaphthalene 1,4-naphthoquinone 1-naphthyl radical 1-nitronaphthalene 2-nitronaphthalene azulene η4-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene Cr(CO)3 η4-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene-Fe(CO)3 NO–(naphthlene) O2 (naphthlene) O2 (naphthlene · H2O) O2 (naphthlene · (H2O)2) cyclodecanone enolate η4-1,3-butadiene-Fe(CO)3 decafluorobiphenyl TCNQ perinaphthenyl NO (benzene)2 t-butylacetophenone enolate cyclododecanone enolate decafluorobenzophenone 4-fluorobenzophenone benzophenone 9-nitroanthracene anthracene anthracene · H2O anthracene clusters pyrene tetracene chrysene benz[a]pyrene perylene NO (naphthalene)2 pentacene FeTPPCl28 FeTPPβCl8 FeTPPF20βCl8Cl FeTPPF20 FeTPPF20Cl FeTPPoCl20Cl FeTPPoCl8βCl8Cl FeTPPoCl8 FeTPPoCl8Cl iron tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) nickel tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) FeTPPCl H2 tetraphenylporphyrin NiTPPCHO FeTPP-val

FeTPP-piv

Electron Affinities

10-166 Molecule (benzene)n (toluene)n CeF4 Cl(CO2) Cl(H2O) Con CoBr3 CoCl3 CoF4 Cr(CO)3 CrO3 CrO4 CrO5 Cr2On CsO4 Cun CuBr2 Cun(CN)m CuCl2 F(H2O)n F(H2O)n Fen Fe(CO)2 Fe(CO)3 Fe(CO)4 FeBr3 FeBr4 FeCl3 FeCl4 FeF3 FeF4 Fe2H2 FenOm Ga2As3 GaxAsy Ga2P3 Gen GexAsy GeH3 H(NH3)n HNO3 (H2O)n I(CO2) I(H2O)n InxPy IrF4 IrF6 Kn KO4 LiO4 MnBr3 MnCl3 MnF4 MnO3 Mo(CO)3 MoF5 MoF6 MoO3 MoO4 MoO5

Electron affinity in eV n=53-124 n=33-139 3.8 3.907 n=1-4 n=1-108 4.6 4.7 6.4 1.349 3.66 4.98 4.4 n=1-7 2.5 n=1-411 4.35 n=1-6 4.35 n=1-4 n=1-4 n=3-34 1.22 1.8 2.4 4.26 5.50 4.22 6.00 3.6 6.0 0.942 n=1-4 2.783 n=2-50 2.991 n=3-15 n=5-30 <1.74 n=1,2 0.57 n=2-19 3.225 n=1-4 n=2-8 4.7 6.5 n=2-7 2.8 3.3 5.03 5.07 5.5 3.335 1.337 3.5 3.8 3.17 5.20 5.10

Uncertainty in eV ­— — 0.4 0.010 — — 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.006 0.02 0.09 0.1 0.2 — 0.05 m=1-6 0.05 — — — 0.02 0.2 0.3 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.1 estimate 0.019 m=1-6 0.024 n=x+y 0.026 — n=x+y 0.04 — 0.15 — 0.001 — n=x+y 0.3 0.4 — 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.06 0.2 0.010 0.006 0.2 0.2 0.02 0.07 0.07

Method LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES CD LPES LPES LPES LPES CT CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CT LPES LPES CT CT LPES LPES LPES

Ref. 248 248 98 131 250 251 249 249 98 94 241 241 241 306 252 37 237 159 237 242 250 149 2 2 2 249 249 249 249 98 98 254 152 192 229 192 71 72 2 76 2 77 131 250 137 98 98 18 252 252 249 249 98 158 94 98 98 280 86 86

Electron Affinities Molecule Mo2O2 Mo2O3 Mo2O4 N2CD N2CH (NH3)n NH2(NH3)n NO(H2O)n NO3 NO3(H2O)n NO(N2O)n (NO)2 (N2O)n Nan (NaF)n Na(NaF)n NaO4 NaO5 NaSO3 Nbn Nb8 Nb3O Nin Nin(benzene)m NiBr3 NiCl3 Ni(CO)2 Ni(CO)3 Ni(CO)H OH(H2O) OH(NH3) OH(N2O) OH(N2O)n OsF4 OsF6 P5 PBr3 PBr2Cl PCl2Br PCl3 PF5 PO3 POCl2 POCl3 P2H2 P2H2 PtF4 PtF6 ReF6 ReO3 RhF4 RuF4 RuF5 RuF6 SF4 SF5 SF6 SO3 (SO2)2

10-167 Electron affinity in eV 2.24 2.33 2.13 2.622 2.622 n=41-1100 n=1,2 n=1,2 3.937 n=0-6 n=1,2 >2.1 n=1,2 n=2-5 n=1-7,12 n=5,7-12 3.1 3.2 2.3 n=6-17 1.513 1.393 n=1-100 n=1-3 4.94 5.20 0.643 1.077 1.126 <2.95 2.35 2.14 n=1-5 3.9 6.0 3.88 1.59 1.63 1.52 0.82 0.75 4.95 3.83 1.41 1.00 1.03 5.5 7.0 4.7 3.6 5.4 4.8 5.2 7.5 1.5 4.23 1.05 1.97 0.6

Uncertainty in eV 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.005 0.005 — — — 0.014 — — — — — — — 0.2 0.2 0.2 — 0.008 0.006 — m=1,2 0.08 0.08 0.014 0.013 0.010 0.15 0.07 0.02 — 0.3 0.3 0.03 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.25 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.3 0.4 estimate 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.2

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES PT LPES LPES LPES CT CT LPES CD CD CD CD CT LPES CD CD LPES LPES CT CT CT LPES CT CT CT CT CT e-scat CT LPES LPES

Ref. 280 280 280 154 154 77 78 75 85 240 79 75 81 18 64 64 252 252 252 181 157 169 247 295 249 249 2 2 293 2 234 209 209 98 98 253 2 2 2 2 121 156 2 2 281 281 98 98 98 216 98 98 98 98 91 204 56 165 80

NCND NCNH

HNiCO

trans-P2H2 cis-P2H2

Electron Affinities

10-168 Molecule Sbn Sb5 ScBr4 ScCl4 SeF6 Si4 Si5 Si7 Sin Si2C3 SiD3 SiF3 SiF4 SiF5 SinF SiH3 Si3H Si4H SinNam Snn SnCH2CN Sn(CN)2 Sn(CN)(CH2CN) Ta3O TeF6 Tin TiO3 UF5 UF6 UO3 Vn VF4 V2On V 3O V4O10 W(CO)3 WF5 WF6 WO2 WO3 (WO3)n WO4 WO5

Electron affinity in eV n=2-9 3.46 6.13 6.89 2.9 2.13 2.59 1.85 n=3-20 1.766 1.386 2.41 ≤0 ≥4.66 n=2-11 1.406 2.53 2.68 n=4-11 n=1-12 1.57 2.622 2.29 1.583 3.34 n=1-130 4.2 3.7 5.1 <2.1 n=3-65 3.5 n=3-7 1.218 4.2 1.859 1.25 3.5 1.998 3.62 n=7-10 5.30 5.1

Uncertainty in eV — 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.2 0.01 0.02 0.02 — 0.012 0.022 0.22 — — — 0.014 0.01 0.01 m=1-3 — 0.02 0.004 0.05 0.010 0.17 — — 0.2 0.2 — — 0.2 — 0.008 0.6 0.006 0.3 0.1 0.010 0.05 — 0.05 0.1

References 1. Hotop, H., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, 731, 1985. 2. Drzaic, P. S., Marks, J., and Brauman, J. I., in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry, Vol. 3, Bowers, M. T., Ed., Academic Press, Orlando, 1984, p. 167. The reference for C6H4ClO should read “Richardson, et al., 1975c”. 3. Schulz, P. A., Mead, R. D., Jones, P. L., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys., 77, 1153, 1982. 4. Neumark, D. M., Lykke, K. R., Anderson, T., and Lineberger, W. C., Phys. Rev. A, 32, 1890, 1985. EA(O) = 11,784.645 ± 0.008 cm-1. 5. Wenthold, P. G., Gunion, R. F., and Lineberger, W. C., Chem. Phys. Lett., 258, 101, 1996. 6. Wenthold, P. G., Kim, J. B., Jonas, K. L., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. A 101, 4472, 1997. 7. Klein, R., McGinnis, R. P., and Leone, S. R., Chem. Phys. Lett., 100, 475, 1983.

Method LPES LPES LPES LPES CD LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES CD LPES LPES CT CT CT LPES CT LPES LPES CT LPES CD CT LPES LPES LPES LPES LPES

Ref. 213 253 249 249 2 110 110 110 71 296 linear Si-C3-Si 43 17 17 17 17 43 182 182 210 289 292 292 292 169 2 151 172 98 98 98 150 98 246 169 101 94 18 19 299 86 300 86 86

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10-169 44. Petrunin, V., Andersen, H., Balling, P., and Andersen, T., Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 744, 1996. 45. Andersen, T., Lykke, K. R., Neumark, D. M., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys., 86, 1858, 1987. 46. Murray, K. K., Lykke, K. R., and Lineberger, W. C., Phys. Rev. A, 36, 699, 1987. 47. Mansour, N. B., and Larson, D. J., Abstracts of the XV Int. Conf. on the Phys. of Electronic and Atomic Collisions, p. 70, 1987. EA(SH) = 18666.44 ± 0.03 cm-1. 48. Stonemann, R. C., and Larson, D. J., Phys. Rev. A, 35, 2928, 1987. EA(SeH) = 17,845.17 ± 0.20 cm-1. 49. Nimlos, M. R., Harding, L. B., and Ellison, G. B., J. Chem. Phys., 87, 5116, 1987. 50. Moylan, C. R., Dodd, J. A., Han, C.-C., and Braumann, J. I., J. Chem. Phys., 86, 5350, 1987. 51. Chowdhury, S., Grimsrud, E. P., Heinis, T., and Kebarle, P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108, 3630, 1986. 52. Berzinsh, U., Gustafsson, M., Hanstorp, D., Klinkmueller, A. E., Ljungblad, U., Maartensson-Pendrill, A.-M., Phys. Rev. A 51, 231, 1995. EA(Cl) = 29138.59 ± 0.22 cm-1. 53. Moran, S., and Ellison, G. B., J. Phys. Chem., 92, 1794, 1988. 54. Murray, K. K., Leopold, D. G., Miller, T. M., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys., 89, 5442, 1988. 55. Ervin, K. M., Ho, J., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys., 89, 4514, 1988. 56. Grimsrud, E. P., Chowdhury, S., and Kebarle, P., J. Chem. Phys., 83, 1059, 1985. 57. Fischer, C. F., Phys. Rev. A, 39, 963, 1989. 58. Wickham-Jones, C. T., Ervin, K. M., Ellision, G. B., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys., 91, 2762, 1989. 59. Kryachko, E. S., Vinckier, C., and Nguyen, M. T., J. Chem. Phys., 114, 7911, 2001. 60. Mock, R. S., and Grimsrud, E. P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 2861, 1989. 61. Chowdhury, S., Heinis, T., Grimsrud, E. P., and Kebarle, P., J. Phys. Chem., 90, 2747, 1986. The uncertainty and other results are quoted in Ref. 60. 62. Wickham-Jones, C. T., Moran, S., and Ellison, G. B., J. Chem. Phys., 90, 795, 1989. 63. Ervin, K. M., Ho, J., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem., 92, 5405, 1988. 64. Miller, T. M., and Lineberger, W. C., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes, 102, 239, 1990. 65. Wetzel, D. M., Salomon, K. E., Berger, S., and Brauman, J. I., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 3835, 1989. 66. Crocker, L., Wang, T., and Kebarle, P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 7818, 1993. 67. Dillow, G. W., and Kebarle, P., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 111, 5592, 1989. 68. Gantefor, G., Gausa, M., Meiwes-Broer, K. H., and Lutz, H. O., Z. Phys. D, 9, 253, 1988; Taylor, K. J., Petteitte, C. L., Craycraft, M. J., Chesnovsky, O., and Smalley, R. E., Chem. Phys. Lett., 152, 347, 1988. 69. Metz, R. B., Kitsopoulos, T., Weaver, A., and Neumark, D. M., J. Chem. Phys., 88, 1463, 1988. 70. Yang, S., Pettiette, C. L., Conceicao, J., Cheshnovsky, O., and Smalley, R. E., Chem. Phys. Lett., 139, 233, 1987; Yang, S., Taylor, K. J., Craycraft, M. J., Conceicao, J., Pettiette, C. L., Cheshnovsky, O., and Smalley, R. E., Chem. Phys. Lett., 144, 431, 1988; Arnold, D. W., Bradforth, S. E., Kitsopoulos, T. N., and Neumark, D. M., J. Chem. Phys., 95, 5479, 1991. 71. Cheshnovsky, O., Yang, S., Pettiette, C. L., Craycraft, M. J., Liu, Y., and Smalley, R. E., Chem. Phys. Lett., 138, 119, 1987. 73. Travers, M. J., Cowles, D. C., and Ellison, G. B., Chem. Phys. Lett., 164, 449, 1989. 74. Blondel, C., Cacciani, P., Delsart, C., and Trainham, R., Phys. Rev. A, 40, 3698, 1989. EA(Br) = 27,129.170 ± 0.015 cm-1 and EA(F) = 27,432.440 ± 0.025 cm-1. 75. Bowen, K. H., and Eaton, J. G., in The Structure of Small Molecules and Ions, Naaman, R., and Vager, Z., Eds., Plenum, New York, 1988, pp. 147-169; Arnold, S. T., Eaton, J. G., Patel-Mistra, D., Sarkas, H. W., and Bowen, K. H., in Ion and Cluster Ion Spectroscopy

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Electron Affinities 244. Li, X., Wang, L.-S., Cannon, N. A., and Boldyrev, A. I., J. Chem. Phys. 116, 1330, 2002. 245. Zhai, H.-J., Wang, L.-S., Alexandrova, A. N., and Boldyrev, A. I., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 7917, 2002. 246. Zhai, H.-J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 7882, 2002. 247. Liu, S.-R., Zhai, H.-J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 9758, 2002. 248. Mitsui, M., Nakajima, A., and Kaya, K., J. Chem. Phys. 117, 9740, 2002. 249. Yang, X., Wang, X.-B., Wang, L.-S., Niu, S., and Ichiye, T., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 8311, 2003. 250. Kim, J., Lee, H. M., Suh, S. B., Majumdar, D., and Kim, K. S., J. Chem. Phys. 113, 5259, 2000. 251. Liu, S. R., Zhai, H. J., and Wang, L.-S., Phys. Rev. B 64, 153402, 2001. 252. Zhai, H. J., Yang, X., Wang, X. B., Wang, L.-S., Elliott, B., and Boldyrev, A. I., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 6742, 2002. 253. Zhai, H. J., Wang, L.-S., Kuznetsov, A. E., and Boldyrev, A. I., J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 5600, 2002. 254. Drechsler, G., and Boesl, U., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 228, 1067, 2003. 255. Illenberger, E, Comita, P. B., Brauman, J. I., Fenzlaff, H. P., Heni, M., Heinrich, N., Koch, and W., Fenking, G., Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 89, 1026, 1985; Jackson, R. L., Pellerite, M. J., and Brauman, J. I., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 1802, 1981. 256. Miller, T. M., Friedman, J. F., and Viggiano, A. A., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 7024, 2004. 257. Miller, T. M., Van Doren, J. M., and Viggiano, A. A., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 233, 67, 2004. 258. Van Doren, J. M., McSweeney, S. A., Hargus, M. D., Kerr, D. M., Miller, T. M., Arnold, S. T., and Viggiano, A. A., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 228, 541, 2003. 259. Van Doren, J. M., Miller, T. M., and Viggiano, A. A., J. Chem. Phys. 123, 114303, 2005. 260. Miller, T. M., and Viggiano, A. A., Phys. Rev. A 71, 012702, 2005. 261. Haeffler, G., Klinkmueller, A. E., Rangell, J., Berzinsh, U., and Hanstorp, D., Z. Phys. D 38, 211, 1996. 262. Bilodeau, R. C., and Haugen, H. K., Phys. Rev. A 64, 024501, 2001. 263. Miller, T. M., Viggiano, A. A., Friedman, J. F., and Van Doren, J. M., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 9993, 2004. 264. Davis, V. T., and Thompson, J. S., Phys. Rev. A 65, 010501, 2001. Theoretical work implies that the measured EA(Tm) was actually for a long-lived excited anion state, and that Tm does not form a stable anion. See O’Malley, S. M., and Beck, D. R., Phys. Rev. A 70, 022502, 2004. 265. Gianola, A. J., Ichino, T., Hoenigman, R. L., Kato, S., Bierbaum, V. M., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 10326, 2004. 266. Staneke, P. O., Groothuis, G., Ingemann, S., and Nibbering, N. M. M., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes 142, 83, 1995. A Gaussian-3 calculation yields EA(CCl4) = 0.994 eV [Ed.]. 267. Meloni, G., Ferguson, M. J., and Neumark, D. M., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 4073, 2003. 268. Davis, V. T., and Thompson, J. S., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 1961, 2004. 269. Davis, V. T., and Thompson, J. S., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073003, 2002. 270. Ando, N., Kokubo, S., Mitsui, M., and Nakajima, A., Chem. Phys. Lett. 389, 279, 2004. 271. Zhai, H.-J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 8996, 2004. 272. Surber, E., and Sanov, A., J. Chem. Phys. 116, 5921, 2002. 273. Dzuba, V. A., and Gribakin, G. F., Phys. Rev. A 55, 2443, 1997. 274. Meloni, G., Sheehan, S. M., Ferguson, M. J., and Neumark, D. M., J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 9750, 2004. 275. Zhai, H.-J., Li, J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8369, 2004. 276. Zhai, H.-J., Kiran, B., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 8231, 2004. 277. Kim, J., Kelley, J. A., Ayotte, P., Nielsen, S. B., Weddle, G. H., and Johnson, M. A., J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 10, 810, 1999. 278. Misaizu, F., Tsunoyama, H., Yasumura, Y., Ohshimo, K., and Ohno, K., Chem. Phys. Lett. 389, 241, 2004. See also Ref. 236 for comments on EA(CS). 279. Meloni, G., Sheehan, S. M., and Neumark, D. M., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074317, 2005 280. Yoder, B. L., Maze, J. T., Raghavachari, K., and Jarrold, C. C., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 094313, 2005.

Electron Affinities 281. Ervin, K. M., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 194303, 2005. 282. Ichino, T., Gianola, A. J., Andrews, D. H., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 11307, 2004. 283. Das, U., Raghavachari, K., and Jarrold, C. C., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 014313, 2005. 284. Schiedt, J., and Weinkauf, R., J. Chem. Phys. 110, 304, 1999. 285. Le Barbu, K., Schiedt, J., Weinkauf, R., Schlag, E. W., Nilles, J. M., Xu, S.-J., Thomas, O. C., and Bowen, J. H., J. Chem. Phys. 116, 9663, 2002. Uncertainties not stated. 286. Schiedt, J., and Weinkauf, R., Chem. Phys. Lett. 266, 201, 1997. The uncertainty for EA(anthracene) quoted as Âą0.008 eV in a later paper (Ref. 230). 287. Chatterjee, B., Akin, F. A., Jarrold, C. C., and Raghavachari, K., J. Phys. Chem. A 109, 6880, 2005. 288. Zhai, H.-J., Kiran, B., Dai, B., Li, J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 127, 12098, 2005. 289. Moravec, V. D., Klopcic, S. A., and Jarrold, C. C., J. Chem. Phys. 110, 5079, 1999. 290. Klopcic, S. A., Moravec, V. D., and Jarrold, C. C., J. Chem. Phys. 110, 10216, 1999. 291. Moravec, V. D., and Jarrold, C. C., J. Chem. Phys., 112, 792, 2000. 292. Moravec, V. D., and Jarrold, C. C., J. Chem. Phys. 113, 1035, 2000. 293. Chatterjee, B., Akin, F. A., Jarrold, C. C., and Raghavachari, K., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 10591, 2003. 294. SchrĂśder, D., Brown, R., Schwerdtfeger, P., Wang, X. B., Yang, X., Wang, L. S., and Schwarz, H., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 311, 2003.

10-173 295. Zheng, W., Nilles, J. M., Thomas, O. C., and Bowen, K. H., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 044306, 2005. 296. Duan, X., Burggraf, L. W., Weeks, D. E., Davico, G. E., Schwartz, R. L., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Chem. Phys. 116, 3601, 2002. 297. Meloni, G., Sheehan, S. M., Parsons, B. F., and Neumark, D. M., J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 3527, 2006. 298. Alexandrova, A. N., Boldyrev, A. I., Zhai, H.-J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 054313, 2005. 299. Davico, G. E., Schwartz, R. L., Raymond, T. M., and Lineberger, W. C., J. Phys. Chem. A, 103, 6167, 1999. EA(WO2) may be lower than 1.998 eV by either 0.040 or 0.080 eV depending on the precise assignment of structures in the photoelectron spectrum. 300. Huang, X., Zhai, H.-J., Li, J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 85, 2006. 301. Zhai, H.-J., Wang, L.-S., Zubarev, Yu, D., and Boldyrev, A. I., J. Phys. Chem. A, 110, 1689, 2006. 302. Sheehan, S. M., Meloni, G., Parsons, B. F., Wehres, N., and Neumark, D. M., J. Chem. Phys., 124, 064303, 2006. 303. Tschurl, M., and Boesl, U., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 249/250, 364, 2006. 304. Nee, M. J., Osterwalder, A., Zhou, J., and Neumark, D. M., J. Chem. Phys., 125, 014306, 2006. 305. Zanni, M. T., Taylor, T. R., Greenblatt, B. J., Soep, B., and Neumark, D. M., J. Chem. Phys., 110, 3748, 1997. 306. Zhai, H.-J., and Wang, L.-S., J. Chem. Phys., 125, 164315, 2006. 307. Waters, T., Woo, H.-K., Wang, X.B., and Wang, L.-S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 4282, 2006.

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities Thomas M. Miller The polarizability of an atom or molecule describes the response of the electron cloud to an external field. The atomic or molecular energy shift ΔW due to an external electric field E is proportional to E2 for external fields which are weak com­pared to the internal electric fields between the nucleus and electron cloud. The electric dipole polarizability α is the con­stant of proportionality defined by ∆W = -αE2/2. The induced electric dipole moment is aE. Hyperpolarizabilities, coefficients of higher powers of E, are less often required. Technically, the polarizability is a tensor quantity but for spherically symmetric charge distributions reduces to a single number. In any case, an average polarizability is usually adequate in calculations. Fre­quency-dependent or dynamic polarizabilities are needed for electric fields which vary in time, except for frequencies which are much lower than electron orbital frequencies, where static polarizabilities suffice. Polarizabilities for atoms and molecules in excited states are found to be larger than for ground states and may be positive or negative. Molecular polarizabilities are very slightly tempera­ture dependent since the size of the molecule depends on its rovibrational state. Only in the case of dihydrogen has this effect been studied enough to warrant consideration in Table 3. Polarizabilities are normally expressed in cgs units of cm3. Ground state polarizabilities are in the range of 10-24 cm3 = 1 Å3 and hence are often given in Å3 units. Theorists tend to use atomic units of ao3 where ao is the Bohr radius. The conversion is a(cm3) = 0.148184 × 10-24 × a(ao3). Polarizabilities are only recently encountered in SI units, C m2/V = J/(V/m)2. The con­version from cgs units to SI units is a(C m2/V) = 4peo × 10-6 a(cm3), where eo is

the permittivity of free space in SI units and the factor 10-6 simply converts cm3 into m3. Thus, a(C m2/V) = 1.11265 × 10-16 × α(cm3). Persons measuring excited state polar­izabilities by optical methods tend to use units of MHz/(V/cm) 2, where the energy shift, DW, is expressed in frequency units with a factor of h understood. The polarizability is -2 ∆W/E2. The conversion into cgs units is a(cm3) = 5.95531 × 10-16 × α[MHz/(V/cm)2]. The polarizability appears in many formulas for low-energy processes involving the valence electrons of atoms or molecules. These formulas are given below in cgs units: the polarizability α is in cm3; masses m or μ are in grams; energies are in ergs; and electric charges are in esu, where e = 4.8032 × 10-10 esu. The symbol α(ν) denotes a frequency (ν) dependent polarizability, where α(ν) reduces to the static polarizability a for ν = 0. For further information, see Bonin, K. D., and Kresin, V. V., Electric Dipole Polarizabilities of Atoms, Molecules, and Clusters, World Scientific, Sinapore, 1997; Bonin, K. D., and Kadar-Kallen, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B, 24, 3313, 1994; and Miller, T. M., and Bederson, B., Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics, 13, 1, 1977, and Gould, H., and Miller, T. M., Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 51, 243, 2005. Details on polarizability-related interactions, especially in regard to hyperpolarizabilities and nonlinear optical phenomena, are given by Bogaard, M. P., and Orr, B. J., in Physical Chemistry, Series Two, Vol.2, Molecular Structure and Properties, Buckingham, A. D., Ed., Butterworths, London, 1975, pp. 149-194. A tabulation of tensor and hyperpolarizabilities is included. The gas number density, n, in Table 1 is usually taken to be that of 1 atm at 0ºC in reporting experimental data.

TABLE 1. Formulas Involving Polarizability Description

487_S10.indb 193

Formula

Remarks

2

For a gas of atoms or nonpolar molecules; the index of refraction is η(ν)

Lorentz-Lorenz relation

α( ν) =

3  η ( ν) − 1    4 πn  η2 ( ν) + 2 

Refraction by polar molecules

α( ν) +

2 3  η ( ν) − 1  d2 =  2  3kT 4 πn  η ( ν) + 2 

Dielectric constant (dimensionless) Index of refraction (dimensionless) Diamagnetic susceptibility

κ( ν) = 1 + 4 πn α( ν)

From the Lorentz-Lorenz relation for the usual case of k(n) ≈ 1

η( ν) = 1 + 2 πn α( ν)

From η3(ν) = κ(ν)

χ m = e 2 (ao Nα )

Long-range electron- or ionmolecule interaction energy Ion mobility in a gas

V (r ) = − e 2 α / 2 r 4

From the approximation that the static polarizability is given by the variational formula α = (4/9ao)Σ(Niri2)2; N is the number of electrons, me is the electron mass; a crude approximation is χm=(Ei/4mec2)α, where Ei is the ionization energy

Langevin capture cross section

σ( ν o ) = (2 πe / ν o )(α / µ )

Langevin reaction rate coefficient Rate coefficient for polar molecules

k = 2 πe(α / µ )

1/ 2

The dipole moment is d, in esu.cm (= 10-18 D)

/ 4me c 2

The target molecule polarizability is α This one formula is not in cgs units. Enter a in Å3 or 10-24 cm3 units and the reduced mass m of the ion-molecule pair in amu. Classical limit; pure polarization potential The relative velocity of approach for an ion-molecule pair is no; the target molecular polarizability is a and the reduced mass of the ion-molecule pair is µ

κ = −13.87 / (αµ ) cm 2 / V ⋅ s 1/ 2

1/ 2

1/ 2

[

k d = 2 πe (α / µ )

1/ 2

Collisional rate coefficient for an ion-molecule reaction

+ cd (2 / µπkT )

1/ 2

]

The dipole moment of the neutral is d in esu cm; the number c is a “locking factor” that depends on α and d, and is between 0 and 1

10-193

4/10/06 11:19:34 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities

10-194 Description Modified effective range cross section for electron-neutral scattering

σ (k ) = 4 πA

Formula

+32π 4 e 2 αAk / 3h 2 +...

van der Waals constant between two systems A, B

C6 =

3  α Aα BE A E B    2  EA + EB 

Dipole-quadrupole constant between two systems A, B

C8 =

A B A B 15  α α q E Eq    A 4  E + Eq B 

+ van der Waals constant between an atom and a surface Relationship between α(ν) and oscillator strengths Dynamic polarizability

Rayleigh scattering cross section

Remarks Here, k is the electron momentum divided by h/2π, where h is Planck’s constant; A is called the “scattering length”; the reduced mass is µ

2

For the interaction potential term V6(r)= -C6r6; EA,B represents average dipole transition energiesand αA,B the respective polarizabilities of A, B For the interaction potential term V8(r) = -C8r8;EqA,B represents average quadrupole transition energies and αqA,B are the respective quadrupole polarizabilities of A, B

A B A B 15  α q α Eq E    A 4  Eq + E B 

C3 =

αgE A E S

(

8 E +E

α( v) =

α( v) =

α( v) =

A

2

S

For an interaction potential V3(r) = -C3r3; EA,S are characteristic energies of the atom and surface; g = 1 for a free-electron metal and g = (ε∞ - 1)/(ε∞ + 1) for an ionic crystal Here, f k is the oscillator strength from the ground state to an excited state k, with excitation energy Ek. This formula is often used to estimate static polarizabilities (ν = 0) Approximate variation of the frequency-dependent polarizability α(ν) from ν = 0 up to the first dipole-allowed electronic transition, of energy Er; the static dipole polarizability is α(0); infrared contributions ignored The photon frequency is ν; the polarizability anisotropy (the difference between polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axis) is γ(ν)

)

2

fk e h Σ 4 π 2 me Ek2 − (hv) 2

αE r 2

E r − (hν) 2

2

8π (2πν) 4 9c 4

[

]

× 3α 2 ( ν) + 2 γ 2 ( ν) / 3 Verdet constant

V ( ν) =

Defined from θ = V(ν)B, where θ is the angle of rotation of linearly polarized light through a medium of number density n, per unit length, for a longitudinal magnetic field strength B (Faraday effect)

νn  dα( ν)    2 me c 2  dν 

TABLE 2. Static Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Ground State Atoms (in Units of 10-24 cm3) Estimated accuracy (%) “exact” “exact” 0.1

Atomic number Atom 1 H 2 He

Polarizability 0.666793 0.2050522 0.2050

3 4 5 6

Li Be B C

24.33 5.60 3.03 1.76

0.7 2 2 2

7

N

1.10

2

8 9 10

O F Ne

0.802 0.557 0.3956

2 2 0.1

11 12

Na Mg

13 14 15 16 17

Al Si P S Cl

24.11 10.6 11.1 10.6 6.8 5.38 3.63 2.90 2.18

0.12 2 5 5 4.4 2 2 2 2

487_S10.indb 194

Method Ref. calc MB77 calc LJS04 index/ NB65/OC67 diel beam MJBTV06 calc MB77 calc MB77 calc MB77 calc/ index MB77 calc/ index MB77 calc MB77 diel OC67 interferom ESCHP94 calc MB77 calc S71 calc BM02 beam MMD90 calc MB77 calc MB77 calc MB77 calc MB77

Atomic number Atom

Polarizability

18 19 20

Ar K Ca

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu

30

Zn

31 32 33 34 35

Ga Ge As Se Br

1.6411 43.4 22.8 29.4 25.0 17.8 14.6 12.4 11.6 9.4 8.4 7.5 6.8 6.2 6.1 5.75 6.1 5.6 8.12 6.07 4.31 3.77 3.05

Estimated accuracy (%) Method Ref. index/ 0.05 diel NB65/OC67 2 beam MB77 2 calc MB77 6 calc BM02 8 beam MB77 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 25 calc D84 6 calc BM02 25 calc D84 2 index GHM96 6 calc BM02 25 calc D84 2 calc MB77 2 calc MB77 2 calc MB77 2 calc MB77 2 calc MB77

4/10/06 11:19:39 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities Atomic number 36 37 38

Atom Kr Rb Sr

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

49

In

50 51 52 53

Sn Sb Te I

54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68

Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er

a

Polarizability 2.4844 47.3 27.6 23.5 22.7 17.9 15.7 12.8 11.4 9.6 8.6 4.8 7.2 7.36 7.4 7.2 10.2 9.1 7.7 6.6 5.5 5.35 4.7 4.044 59.42 39.7 31.1 29.6 28.2 31.4 30.1 28.8 27.7 23.5 25.5 24.5 23.6 22.7

Estimated accuracy (%) 0.05 2 8 6 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 3 6 25 12 25 25 25 25 25 25 0.5 0.13 8 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

10-195

Method Ref. diel OC67 beam MB77 beam MB77 calc BM02 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 index GH95 calc BM02 calc D84 beam GMBSJ84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 index A56 calc D84 diel MB77 beam AG03 beam MB77 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84

Atomic number 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

Atom Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

81

Tl

82 83 84 85 86 87

Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr

88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 119

Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No ekafrancium

Polarizability 21.8 21.0 21.9 16.2 13.1 11.1 9.7 8.5 7.6 6.5 5.8 5.02 5.7 7.6 7.5 6.8 7.4 6.8 6.0 5.3 48.60 47.1 38.3 32.1 32.1 25.4 24.9 24.8 24.5 23.3 23.0 22.7 20.5 19.7 23.8 18.2 17.5 24.26

Estimated accuracy (%) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 1 25 15 25 25 25 25 25 25 2 5 25 25 25 25 6 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 2

Method Ref. calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 index GH96 calc D84 beam NYU84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc LSMS05 calc DJSB99 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 beam KB94 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 calc D84 cal LSMS05

Methods: calc = calculated value; beam = atomic beam deflection technique; interferom = atomic beam interference; index = determination based on the measured index of refraction; diel = determination based on the measured dielectric constant.

References

A56. Atoji, M., J. Chem. Phys. 25, 174, 1956. Semiempirical method based on molecular polarizabilities and atomic radii. AG03. Amini, J. M., and Gould, H., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 153001, 2003. BM02. Bromley, M. W. J., and Mitroy, J., Phys. Rev. A 65, 062505, 2002; 062506, 2002. D84. Doolen, G. D., Los Alamos National Laboratory, unpublished. A relativistic linear response method was used. The method is that described by Zangwill, A., and Soven, P., Phys. Rev. A 21, 1561, 1980. Adjustments of less than 10% across the periodic table have been made to these results to bring them into agreement with accurate experimental values where available, for the purpose of presenting “recommended” polarizabilities in Table 2. DJSB99. Derevianko, A., Johnson, W. R., Safronova, M. S., and Babb, J. F., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3589, 1999. ESCHP94. Ekstrom, C. R., Schmiedmayer, J., Chapman, M. S., Hammond, T. D., and Pritchard, D. E., Phys. Rev. A 51, 3883, 1995. See theoretical work by Thakkar, A. J., and Lupinetti, C., Chem. Phys. Lett. 402, 270, 2005. GH95. Goebel, D., and Holm, U., Phys. Rev. A 52, 3691, 1995.

487_S10.indb 195

GH96. Goebel, D., and Holm, U., J. Chem. Phys. 100, 7710, 1996. GHM96. Goebel, D., Holm, U., and Maroulis, G., Phys. Rev. A 54, 1973, 1996. GMBSJ84. Guella, T. P., Miller, T. M., Bederson, B., Stockdale, J. A. D., and Jaduszliwer, B., Phys. Rev. A 29, 2977, 1984. KB94. Kadar-Kallen, M. A., and Bonin, K. D., Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 828, 1994. LJS04. Łach, G., Jezionski, B., and Szalewicz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 233001, 2004. LS04. Lim, I. S., and Schwerdfeger, P., Phys. Rev. A 70, 062501, 2004. LSMS05. Lim, L. S., Schwerdfeger, P., Metz, B., Stoll, H., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 104103, 2005. MB77. Miller, T. M., and Bederson, B., Adv. At. Mol. Phys. 13, 1, 1977. For simplicity, any value in Table 2 which has not changed since this 1977 review is referenced as MB77. Persons interested in original references and further details should consult MB77. MJBTV05. Miffre, A., Jacquey, M., Büchner, M., Trénec, G., and Vigué, J., Phys. Rev. A 73, 011603 (R), 2006.

4/10/06 11:19:41 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities

10-196 MMD90. Milani, P., Moullet, I., and de Heer, W. A., Phys. Rev. A 42, 5150, 1990. See theoretical comments on this result, in Fuentealba, P., Chem. Phys. Lett. 397, 459, 2004, and in Lupinetti, C., and Thakkar, A. J., J. Chem. Phys. 122, 044301, 2005. NB65. Newell, A. C., and Baird, R. D., J. Appl. Phys. 36, 3751, 1965.

NYU84. Preliminary value from the New York University group. See GMBSJ84. OC67. Orcutt, R. H., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys. 46, 697, 1967; see also the later references from this group, given following the tables. S71. Stwalley, W. C., J. Chem. Phys. 54, 4517, 1971.

TABLE 3. Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Ground State Diatomic Molecules (in Units of 10-24 cm3) Molecule Al2 BH Br2 CO Cl2 Cs2 CsK D2 (v=0,J=0) D2 (293 K) DCl F2 H2 (v=0,J=0) H2 (293 K) H2 (293 K) H2 (322 K) HBr HCl HD (v=0,J=0) HF HI

Polarizability 19 3.32* 7.02 1.95 4.61 104 89 0.7921* 0.7954 2.84 1.38* 0.8023* 0.8045* 0.8042 0.8059 3.61 2.63 2.77 0.7976* 0.80 5.44

Ref. 23 1 2 3 3 22 22 5 6 2 7 5 5 6 8 3 3 2 5 27 3

Molecule HgCl ICl K2 Li2 LiCl LiF LiH N2 NO Na2 NaK NaLi O2 Rb2

Polarizability 5.35 7.4* 12.3 77 72 32.8 34 3.46* 10.8* 3.84* 3.68* 3.88* 1.7403 1.70 40 38 51 40 1.5812 79

Ref. 2 9 2 22 21 29 22 10 11 12 13 14 6,8 2 22 21 22 4 6 22

TABLE 4. Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Ground State Triatomic Molecules (in Units of 10-24 cm3) Molecule BeH2 CO2 CS2 D2O H2O H2S HCN HgBr2 HgCl2

Polarizability 4.34* 2.911 8.74 8.86 1.26 1.45 3.782 3.95 2.59 2.46 14.5 11.6

Ref. 14 8 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2

Molecule HgI2 Li3 LiNa2 Li2Na N2O NO2 Na3 O3 OCS SO2

Polarizability 19.1 34.5 61.2 35.4 3.03 3.02 70 3.21 5.71 5.2 3.72 4.28

Ref. 2 29 30 30 8 2† 21 2 2 15 3 2

TABLE 5. Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Ground State Inorganic Polyatomic Molecules (Larger than Triatomic) (in Units of 10-24 cm3) Molecule AsCl3 AsN3 BCl3 BF3 (BN3)2 (BH2N)3 ClF3 (CsBr)2 (CsCl)2 (CsF)2 (CsI)2 GanAsm GeCl4 GeH3Cl

487_S10.indb 196

Polarizability 14.9 5.75 9.38 3.31 5.73 8.0 6.32 54.5 42.4 28.4 51.8 n+m=4-30 15.1 6.7

Ref. 2 2 20 2 2 2† 2 16 16 16 16 28 2 2†

Molecule (HgCl)2 Kn (KBr)2 (KCl)2 (KF)2 (KI)2 Lin (LiBr)2 (LiCl)2 (LiF)2 (LiI)2 LiNa3 Li2Na2 Li3Na

Polarizability 14.7 n=2,5,7-9,11,20 42.0 32.1 21.0 36.3 n=2-22 18.9 13.1 6.9 23.4 75.6 60.0 54.8

Ref. 9 21 16 16 16 16 29 16 16 16 16 30 30 30

4/10/06 11:19:44 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities Molecule ND3 NF3 NH3

Polarizability 1.70 3.62 2.81 2.10 2.26

(NO2)2 Nan (NaBr)2 (NaCl)2 (NaF)2 (NaI)2 OsO4 PCl3 PF5 PH3 (RbBr)2 (RbCl)2 (RbF)2

2.22* 6.69 n=1-40 26.8 23.4 20.7 26.9 8.17 12.8 6.10 4.84 48.2 43.2 40.7

10-197 Molecule (RbI)2 SF6 (SF5)2 SO3 SO2Cl2 SeF6 SiF4 SiH4 (SiH3)2 SiHCl3 SiH2Cl2 SiH3Cl SnBr4 SnCl4

Ref. 2 2 20 2 3 33 2 21 16 16 16 16 2 2 2 2 16 16 16

SnI4 TeF6 TiCl4 UF6

Polarizability 46.3 6.54 13.2 4.84 10.5 7.33 5.45 5.44 11.1 10.7 8.92 7.02 22.0 18.0 13.8 32.3 9.00 16.4 12.5

Ref. 16 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 2 2 2 2

TABLE 6. Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Ground State Hydrocarbon Molecules (in Units of 10-24 cm3) Molecule CH4 C2H2

Name methane acetylene

C2H4 C2H6

ethylene ethane

C3H4 C3H6

propyne propene cyclopropane propane

C3H8 C4H6 C4H8

C4H10 C5H6 C5H8 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H10

C6H12

487_S10.indb 197

1-butyne 1,3-butadiene 1-butene trans-2-butene 2-methylpropene butane isobutane 1,3-cyclopentadiene 1-pentyne trans-1,3-pentadiene isoprene cyclopentane 1-pentene 2-pentene pentane neopentane benzene

1-hexyne 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene 3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene cyclohexene cyclohexane

Polarizability 2.593 3.33 3.93 4.252 4.47 4.43 6.18 6.26 5.66 6.29 6.37 7.41 8.64 7.97 8.52 8.49 8.29 8.20 8.14 8.64 9.12 10.0 9.99 9.15 9.65 9.84 9.99 10.20 10.0 10.32 10.74 10.9 11.8 11.8 12.1 11.8 10.7 11.0

Ref. 8 3 2 8 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2† 2 2 2 2 2 2 27 2 2 2 2 18 27 27 2 18 25 3 2 2† 2† 2† 2† 2† 2† 18

Molecule

Name

C6H14 C7H8

1-hexene hexane toluene

C7H12 C7H14 C7H16 C8H8 C8H10

1-heptyne methylcyclohexane 1-heptene heptane styrene ethylbenzene o-xylene p-xylene

C8H16 C8H18

C9H10 C9H12

m-xylene ethylcyclohexane n-octane 3-methylheptane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane α- methylstyrene isopropylbenzene 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

C9H18 C9H20 C10H8

isopropylcyclohexane nonane naphthalene

C10H14

durene tert- butylbenzene

C10H20 C10H22 C11H10

tert-butylcyclohexane decane α-methylnaphthalene β-methylnaphthalene

Polarizability 10.87 11.65 11.9 11.8 12.26 12.3 12.8 13.1 13.51 13.61 15.0 14.41 14.2 14.9 14.1 13.7 14.2 14.9 14.2 15.9 15.9 15.44 15.44 16.05 16.0 15.5 16.14 17.2 17.36 16.5 17.48 17.3 17.2 17.8 19.8 19.10 19.35 19.52

Ref. 15 27 2 25 15 2 2† 2 27 2 2 27 2 2 15 25 15 2 15 2 2 27 27 27 2† 25 27 2 27 17 27 25 25 2† 2 27 27 27

4/10/06 11:19:46 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities

10-198 Molecule C11H14 C11H16 C11H24 C12H10 C12H12

Name α,β,β-trimethylstyrene pentamethylbenzene undecane acenaphthene α-ethylnaphthalene β-ethylnaphthalene hexamethylbenzene dodecane fluorene anthracene

C12H18 C12H26 C13H10 C14H10

Polarizability 19.64 19.1 21.03 20.61 21.19 21.36 20.9 22.75 21.68 25.4 25.93

Ref. 27 25 27 27 27 27 25 27 27 17 27

Molecule

Name phenanthrene

C14H22 C16H10 C17H12 C18H12

p-di-tert-butylbenzene pyrene 2,3- benzfluorene naphthacene 1,2- benzanthracene chrysene triphenylene 1,3,5-tri-tert-butylbenzene coronene

C18H30 C24H12

Polarizability 36.8* 24.70 24.5 28.22 30.21 32.27 32.86 33.06 31.07 31.8 42.50

Ref. 17 27 25 27 27 27 27 27 27 25 27

TABLE 7. Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Ground State Organic Halides (in Units of 10-24 cm3)

487_S10.indb 198

Molecule CBr2F2 CClF3

Name dibromodifluoromethane chlorotrifluoromethane

CCl2F2

dichlorodifluoromethane

CCl2O CCl2S CCl3F CCl3NO2 CCl4

phosgene thiophosgene trichlorofluoromethane trichloronitromethane carbon tetrachloride

CF4 CF2O CHBr3 CHBrF2 CHClF2

carbon tetrafluoride carbonylfluoride bromoform bromodifluoromethane chlorodifluoromethane

CHCl2F CHCl3

dichlorofluoromethane chloroform

CHF3

fluoroform

CHFO CHI3 CH2Br2

fluoroformaldehyde iodoform dibromomethane

CH2ClNO2 CH2Cl2

chloronitromethane dichloromethane

CH2I2 CH3Br

diiodomethane bromomethane

CH3Cl

chloromethane

CH3F CH3I C2ClF5 C2Cl2F4 C2Cl3N C2F6 C2HBr C2HCl C2HCl3 C2HCl5 C2H2Cl2

fluoromethane iodomethane chloropentafluoroethane 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane trichloroacetonitrile hexafluoroethane bromoacetylene chloroacetylene trichloroethlyene pentachloroethane 1,1-dichloroethylene

Polarizability 9.0 5.72 5.59 7.93 7.81 7.29 10.2 9.47 10.8 11.2 10.5 3.838 1.88* 11.8 5.7 6.38 5.91 6.82 9.5 8.23 3.52 3.57 1.76* 18.0 9.32 8.68 6.9 6.48 7.93 12.90 5.87 6.03 5.55 5.35 4.72 2.97 7.97 6.3 8.5 10.42 6.82 7.39 6.07 10.03 14.0 7.83

Ref. 2† 20 2 20 2 2 2 2 2† 2 3 8 17 27 2† 20 2 2 8 27 20 8 17 27 2 27 2† 3 2 27 20 2 15 20 8 8 2 2† 2† 18 2 2 2 27 2 27

Molecule

C2H2Cl2F2 C2H2Cl2O C2H2Cl3F C2H2Cl4 C2H2ClN C2H2F2 C2H3Br C2H3Cl C2H3ClF2 C2H3ClO C2H3ClO2 C2H3Cl3 C2H3F3 C2H3I C2H4BrCl C2H4Br2 C2H4ClF C2H4ClNO2 C2H4Cl2 C2H5Br C2H5Cl C2H5ClO C2H5F C2H5I C3H4Cl2 C3H5Cl C3H5ClO C3H5ClO2 C3H6ClNO2 C3H6Cl2 C3H7Br C3H7Cl C3H7ClO

Name Polarizability trans-dichloroethylene 8.15 cis-dichloroethylene 8.03 1,1-dichloro-2,28.4 difluoroethane chloroacetyl chloride 8.92 1,2,2-trichloro-1-fluoroethane 10.2 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 12.1 chloroacetonitrile 6.10 1,1-difluoroethylene 5.01 bromoethylene 7.59 chloroethylene 6.41 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 8.05 acetyl chloride 6.62 methyl chloroformate 7.1 1,1,1-trichloroethane 10.7 1,1,1-trifluoroethane 4.4 iodoethylene 9.3 1-bromo-2-chloroethane 9.5 1,2-dibromoethane 10.7 1-chloro-2-fluoroethane 6.5 1-chloro-1-nitroethane 10.9 1,1-dichloroethane 8.64 1,2-dichloroethane 8.0 bromoethane 8.05 7.28 chloroethane 7.27 8.29 6.4 2-chloroethanol 7.1 6.88 chloromethyl methyl ether 7.1 fluoroethane 4.96 iodoethane 10.0 dichloropropene 10.1 chloropropene 8.3 chloroacetone 8.4 ethyl chloroformate 9.0 1-chloro-1-nitropropane 10.4 dichloropropane 10.9 1-bromopropane 9.4 9.07 2-bromopropane 9.6 chloropropane 10.0 β-chloroethyl methyl ether 8.71 2-chloro-1-propanol 8.89 3-chloro-1-propanol 8.84

Ref. 27 27 2† 2 2† 2† 18 20 2 2 2 2 2† 2 2† 2† 2† 2† 2† 2 2 2† 2 27 20 2 15 2† 27 2† 2 2 2† 2 2† 2† 2† 2† 2† 27 2† 2 27 27 27

4/10/06 11:19:48 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities Molecule C3H7I C4H5Cl C4H7Cl C4H7ClO2 C4H8Cl2 C4H9Br C4H9Cl

C4H9ClO C4H9I C5H9ClO2

C5H11Br C5H11Cl C5H11F C6F6 C6HF5 C6H2Cl2O2 C6H2F4 C6H3F3 C6H4BrF C6H4ClNO2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4FI C6H4FNO2 C6H4F2

Name 1-iodopropane 4-chloro-1,2-butadiene 1-chloro-2-methylpropene 2-chlorobutyric acid 3-chlorobutyric acid 4-chlorobutyric acid 1,4-dichlorobutane bromobutane 1-chlorobutane 1-chloro-2-methylpropane 2-chloro-2-methylpropane 2-chlorobutane β-chloroethyl ethyl ether 2-chloro-1-butanol 3-chloro-1-butanol 1-iodobutane methyl 2-chlorobutanoate methyl 3-chlorobutanoate methyl 4-chlorobutanoate 2-chloropentanoic acid 3-chloropentanoic acid 4-chloropentanoic acid 1-bromopentane 1-chloropentane fluoropentane hexafluorobenzene pentafluorobenzene 2,5-dichloro-1,4benzoquinone 1,2,3,4-tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene p-bromofluorobenzene chloronitrobenzene o-dichlorobenzene m-dichlorobenzene p-dichlorobenzene p-fluoroiodobenzene p-fluoronitrobenzene o-difluorobenzene m-difluorobenzene p-difluorobenzene

10-199 Polarizability 11.5 10.0 10.8 10.87 10.80 10.69 12.0 13.9 10.86 11.3 11.1 12.5 12.4 10.56 10.70 10.38 13.3 12.65 12.33 12.31 12.27 12.69 12.57 12.53 13.1 12.0 9.95 9.58 9.63 18.4 9.69 9.69 9.74 13.4 14.6 14.17 14.23 14.20 15.5 12.8 9.80 10.3 9.80

Ref. 2† 2† 2 27 27 27 2† 2 27 2 2 2† 2 27 27 27 2† 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 2† 2† 27 27 27 2 27 27 27 2† 2† 27 27 27 2† 2† 27 2† 27

Molecule C6H5Br

Name bromobenzene

C6H5Cl

chlorobenzene

C6H5ClO C6H5F C6H5I C6H11ClO2

chlorophenol fluorobenzene iodobenzene ethyl 2-chlorobutanoate ethyl 3-chlorobutanoate ethyl 4-chlorobutanoate bromohexane fluorohexane p-bromotoluene p-chlorotoluene p-fluorotoluene p-iodotoluene 1-bromoheptane

C6H13Br C6H13F C7H7Br C7H7Cl C7H7F C7H7I C7H15Br C7H15F C8H17Br C8H17F C9H19Br C9H19F C10F8 C10H7Br C10H7Cl C10H7I C10H21Br C10H21F C11H23F C12H25Br C12H25F C12H8Br2O C12H9BrO C13H11BrO C14H9Br C14H9Cl C14H9F C14H29F C16H33Br C18H37Br

fluoroheptane bromooctane fluorooctane bromononane fluorononane octafluoronaphthalene α-bromonaphthalene α-chloronaphthalene β-chloronaphthalene α-iodonaphthalene β-iodonaphthalene bromodecane fluorodecane fluoroundecane bromododecane fluorododecane 4,4’-dibromodiphenyl ether 4-bromodiphenyl ether p-bromophenyl-p-tolyl ether 9-bromoanthracene 9-chloroanthracene fluoranthracene fluorotetradecane bromohexadecane bromooctadecane

Polarizability 14.7 13.62 14.1 12.3 13.0 10.3 15.5 14.16 14.13 14.11 14.44 11.80 14.80 13.70 11.70 17.10 16.8 16.23 13.66 18.02 15.46 19.81 17.34 17.64 20.34 19.30 19.58 22.41 22.95 21.60 19.18 21.00 25.18 22.83 27.8 24.2 26.6 28.32 27.35 28.34 26.57 32.34 35.92

Ref. 2 27 2 15 2† 2 2† 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 2† 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 2† 2† 2† 27 27 27 27 27 27

TABLE 8. Static Average Electric Dipole Polarizabilities for Other Ground State Organic Molecules (in Units of 10-24 cm3)

487_S10.indb 199

Molecule CN4O8 CH2O

Name tetranitromethane formaldehyde

CH2O2 CH3NO

formic acid formamide

CH3NO2 CH4O

nitromethane methanol

CH5N

methyl amine

C2N2 C2H2O

cyanogen ketene

Polarizability 15.3 2.8 2.45 3.4 4.2 4.08 7.37 3.29 3.23 3.32 4.7 4.01 4.01* 7.99 4.4

Ref. 2 2† 18 2† 2† 18 2 2 15 18 2 19 33 2 2†

Molecule C2H3N

Name acetonitrile

C2H4O

acetaldehyde

C2H4O2 C2H4O4 C2H5NO C2H5NO2 C2H6O

ethylene oxide acetic acid methyl formate formic acid dimer acetamide N-methyl formamide nitroethane ethyl nitrite ethanol methyl ether

Polarizability 4.40 4.48 4.6 4.59 4.43 5.1 5.05 12.7 5.67 5.91 9.63 7.0 5.41 5.11 5.29

Ref. 2† 18 2† 18 18 2† 27 2 18 18 2 15 2 18 20

4/10/06 11:19:51 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities

10-200 Molecule

Name

C2H6O2

ethylene glycol

C2H6O2S C2H6S C2H7N

dimethyl sulfone ethanethiol ethyl amine dimethyl amine

C2H8N2 C3H2N2 C3H3N C3H4N2 C3H4O C3H5N

ethylene diamine malononitrile acrylonitrile pyrazole propenal propionitrile

C3H6O

acetone

C3H6O2

allyl alcohol propionaldehyde propionic acid ethyl formate methyl acetate

C3H6O3 C3H7NO C3H7NO2 C3H8O

dimethyl carbonate N-methyl acetamide N,N-dimethyl formamide nitropropane 2-propanol

C3H8O2

1-propanol ethyl methyl ether dimethoxymethane

C3H9N

ethylene glycol monomethyl ether propylamine

isopropylamine trimethylamine C4H2N2 C4H4N2 C4H4O2 C4H4S C4H5N C4H6N2 C4H6O C4H6O2 C4H6O3 C4H6S C4H7N C4H8O C4H8O2

487_S10.indb 200

fumaronitrile succinonitrile pyrimidine pyridazine diketene thiophene methacrylonitrile trans-crotononitrile N-methylpyrazole crotonaldehyde methacrylaldehyde biacetyl acetic anhydride divinyl sulfide butyronitrile isobutyronitrile butanal methyl ethyl ketone trans-2,3-epoxy butane ethyl acetate

Polarizability 5.84 5.16 5.7 5.61 7.3 7.41 7.10 6.37 5.90* 7.2 5.79 8.05 7.23 6.38 6.70 6.24 6.27* 6.33 6.4 6.39 7.65 6.50 6.9 8.01 6.88 6.94 6.81 7.7 7.82 7.81 8.5 7.61 6.97 6.74 7.93 7.7

7.44

7.70 9.20 7.77 8.15 7.78* 11.8 8.1 8.53* 9.27* 8.0 9.67 8.0 8.2 8.99 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.9 10.9 8.4 8.05 8.05* 8.2 8.13 8.22* 9.7 8.62

Ref. 2 15 2† 27 2† 2 2 2 33 2† 18 2 27 2† 2 18 32 15 2† 18 2 2 2† 2 27 2 27 2† 18 18 2† 2 18 2 2 2†

27

27 2 27 2 33 2 2† 17 17 2† 2 2† 2† 27 2† 2† 2† 2† 2† 2† 18 32 2† 15 17 2 27

Molecule

C4H9NO2 C4H10O

C4H10S C4H11N C5H5N

Name

1,4-dioxane p-dioxane 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane butyric acid methyl propionate 1-nitrobutane 2-methyl-2-nitropropane ethyl ether 1-butanol 2-methylpropanol methyl propyl ether ethylene glycol monoethyl ether ethyl sulfide butylamine diethylamine pyridine

C5H10O3 C5H12O C5H12O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4O2 C6H5NO2

4-cyano-1,3-butadiene 1,5-dimethylpyrazole acetyl acetone valeronitrile 22-DMPN diethyl ketone methyl propyl ketone ethyl propionate methyl butanoate diethyl carbonate ethyl propyl ether tetramethyl orthocarbonate p-dinitrobenzene p-benzoquinone nitrobenzene

C6H6O

phenol

C6H7N C6H8N2

aniline phenylenediamine phenylhydrazine 1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazole ethyl acetoacetate dimethylketazine cyclohexanol amyl formate paraldehyde propyl ether

C5H8N2 C5H8O2 C5H9N C5H10O C5H10O2

C6H10N2 C6H10O3 C6H12N2 C6H12O C6H12O2 C6H12O3 C6H14O C6H14O2 C6H15N C7H4N2O2 C7H5N C7H7NO3 C7H8O C7H9NO C7H10N2 C7H14O C7H14O2 C8H4N2

1,1-diethoxyethane 1,2-diethoxyethane triethylamine dipropylamine p-cyanonitrobenzene benzonitrile nitroanisole anisole o-anisidine 1,1-methylphenylhydrazine cyclohexyl methyl ether 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone pentyl acetate p-dicyanobenzene

Polarizability

10.0 8.60 9.44 8.58 8.97 10.4 10.3 10.2 8.73 8.88 8.92 8.86 9.28

10.8 13.5 10.2 9.61 9.5 9.18 10.5 10.72 10.5 10.4 9.59 9.93 9.93 10.41 10.41 11.3 10.68 13.0 18.4 14.5 14.7 12.92 11.1 9.94* 12.1 13.8 12.91 12.50 12.9 15.6 11.56 14.2 17.9 12.8 12.5 13.2 11.3 13.1 13.38 13.29 19.0 12.5 15.7 13.1 14.2 14.81 13.4 13.5 14.9 19.2

Ref.

2 18 15 27 27 2† 2† 2 15 2 2 27 27

2 2 2 27 15 27 2† 27 2† 2 18 15 15 27 27 2 27 2† 2 2 2 15 2† 17 2† 2† 27 27 2† 2 18 2 2 2 15 2† 2† 2 27 27 2 2† 2† 2† 2† 27 2† 15 2 2

4/10/06 11:19:54 AM

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities Molecule

C8H6N2 C8H8O C8H8O2

C8H10O C8H11N C8H12N2 C8H12O2 C8H14O4 C8H18O C9H7N C9H10O2 C9H21N C10H9N

Name

quinoxaline acetophenone 2,5-dimethyl-1,4benzoquinone phenetole N-dimethylaniline 1,1-ethylphenylhydrazine ethyl sorbate tetramethylcyclobutane1,3-dione diethyl succinate butyl ether quinoline isoquinoline ethyl benzoate tripropylamine α-naphthylamine β-naphthylamine

10-201

Polarizability

15.13 15.0 18.8

Ref.

Molecule

27 2 2

14.9 16.2 16.62 17.2 18.6

2 2† 27 2† 2

16.8 17.2 15.70 16.43 16.9 18.87 19.50 19.73

2† 2 27 27 2† 27 27 27

C10H10Fe C10H10N2 C10H14BeO4 C11H8O C12H8N2 C12H9NO3 C14H8O2 C14H14O C15H21AlO6 C15H21CrO6 C15H21FeO6 C20H28O8Th C60

Name

2-methylquinoline 1-methylisoquinoline ferrocene 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline beryllium acetylacetonate 1-naphthaldehyde 2-naphthaldehyde phenazine 4-nitrodiphenyl ether anthraquinone di-p-tolyl ether aluminum acetylacetonate chromium acetylacetonate ferric acetylacetonate thorium acetylacetonate buckminsterfullerene

Polarizability

18.65 18.28 17.1 18.70 34.1 19.75 20.06 23.43 24.7 24.46 24.9 51.9 53.7 58.1 79.0 76.5 79

Ref.

27 27 26 27 2 27 27 27 2† 27 2† 2 2 2 2 24 31

Note: All polarizabilities in the tables are experimental values except those values marked by an asterisk (*), which indicates a calculated result. The experimental polarizabilities are mostly determined by measurements of a dielectric constant or refractive index which are quite accurate (0.5% or better). However, one should treat many of the results with several percent of caution because of the age of the data and because some of the results refer to optical frequencies rather than static. Comments given with the references are intended to allow one to judge the degree of caution required. Interested persons should consult these references. In many cases, the reference given is to a theoretical paper in which the experimental results are quoted. These papers, noted in the Ref­erences, contain valuable information on polarizability calculations and experimental data which often includes the tensor components of the polarizability. An emperical additive formula for molecular polarizabilities at 589 nm frequency has been given in Bosque, R., and Sales, J., J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 42, 1154, 2002: α=0.32 +1.51#C +0.17#H +0.57#O +1.05#N +2.99#S +2.48#P +2.16#Cl +3.29#Br +5.45#I, where “#C” denotes the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, etc.

References Kagawa, H., Ichimura, A., Kamka, N. A., and Mori, K., J. Mol. Structure (Theochem) 546, 127, 2001. Parameters were developed for rapid estimation of molecular polarizabilities; this paper contains references for the measured polarizabilities of 371 molecules. 1. McCullough, E. A., Jr., J. Chem. Phys., 63, 5050, 1975. This calcula­tion is for the parallel component, not the average polarizability. 2. Maryott, A. A., and Buckley, F., U. S. National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 537, 1953. A tabulation of dipole moments, dielectric constants, and molar refractions measured between 1910 and 1952, and used here to determine polarizabilities if no more recent result exists. The polarizability is 3/(4πNA) times the molar polarization or molar refraction, where NA is Avogadro’s number. The value 3/(4πNA) = 0.3964308 x 10-24 cm3 was used for this conversion. A dag­ger (†) following the reference number in the tables indicates that the polarizability was derived from the molar refraction and hence may not include some low-frequency contributions to the static polariz­ability; these “static” polarizabilities are therefore low by 1 to 30%. 3. Hirschfelder, J. O., Curtis, C. F., and Bird, R. B., Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids, Wiley, New York, 1954, p. 950. Fundamental information on molecular polarizabilities. 4. Miller, T. M., and Bederson, B., Adv. At. Mol. Phys., 13, 1, 1977. Review emphasizing atomic polarizabilities and measurement tech­niques. The data quoted in Table 3 are accurate to 8 to 12%. 5. Kolos, W., and Wolniewicz, L., J. Chem. Phys., 46, 1426, 1967. Highly accurate molecular hydrogen calculations. See also recent work by Machado, A.M., and Masilli, M., J. Chem. Phys. 120, 7505, 2004. 6. Newell, A. C., and Baird, R. C., J. Appl. Phys., 36, 3751, 1965. Highly accurate refractive index measurements at 47.7 GHz (essen­tially static). 7. Jao, T. C., Beebe, N. H. F., Person, W. B., and Sabin, J. R., Chem. Phys. Lett., 26, 474, 1974. Tensor polarizabilities, derivatives, and other results are reported. 8. Orcutt, R. H., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 46, 697, 1967 (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, H2, N2); Sutter, H., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 52, 132, 1970 (CF3H, CFH3, CClF3, CClH3); Bose, T. K., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 52, 140, 1970 (CO2), and 54, 3829, 1971 (C2H4); Nelson, R. D., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 54, 4033, 1971 (SF6, CClF3); Bose, T. K., Sochanski, J. S., and Cole, R. H., J. Chem. Phys., 57, 3592, 1972

487_S10.indb 201

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18.

19. 20.

(CH4, CF4); Kirouac, S., and Bose, T. K., J. Chem. Phys., 59, 3043, 1973 (N2O), and 64, 1580, 1976 (He). Highly accurate dielectric constant measurements. These modern data give the most accurate polarizabilities available. A criticism of the interpretation of these data in the case of polar molecules is given in Ref. 20, p. 2905. Huestis, D. L., Technical Report #MP 78-25, SRI International (project PYU 6158), Menlo Park, CA 94025. Molar refractions for mercury-chlorine compounds are analyzed. Bounds, D. G., Clarke, J. H. R., and Hinchliffe, A., Chem. Phys. Lett., 45, 367, 1977. Theoretical tensor polarizability for LiCl. Kolker, H. J., and Karplus, M., J. Chem. Phys., 39, 2011, 1963. The­oretical. Cutschick, V. P., and McKoy, V., J. Chem. Phys., 58, 2397, 1973. Theoretical tensor polarizabilities. Gready, J. E., Bacskay, G. B., and Hush, N. S., Chem. Phys., 22, 141, 1977, and 23, 9, 1977. Theoretical. Amos, A. T., and Yoffe, J. A., J. Chem. Phys., 63, 4723, 1975. Theo­retical. Stuart, H. A., Landolt-Börnstein Zahlenwerte and Funktionen, Vol. 1, Part 3, Eucken, A., and Hellwege, K. H., Eds., Springer-Verlag, Ber­lin, 1951, p. 511. Tabulation of molecular polarizabilities. Two mis­ prints in the chemical symbols have been corrected. Guella, T., Miller, T. M., Stockdale, J. A. D., Bederson, B., and Vusk­ovic, L., J. Chem. Phys., 94, 6857, 1991. Beam measurements with accuracies between 12-24%. Marchese, F. T., and Jaff‚ H. H., Theoret. Chim. Acta (Berlin), 45, 241, 1977. Theoretical and experimental tensor polarizabilities are tabulated in this paper. Applequist, J., Carl, J. R., and Fung, K.-K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 94, 2952, 1972. Excellent reference on the calculation of molecular polarizabilities, including extensive tables of tensor polarizabilities, both theoretical and experimental, at 589.3 nm wavelength. Bridge, N. J., and Buckingham, A. D., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A295, 334, 1966. Measured tensor polarizabilities at 633 nm wave­ length. Barnes, A. N. M., Turner, D. J., and Sutton, L. E., Trans. Faraday Soc., 67, 2902, 1971. Dielectric constants yielding polarizabilities accurate from 0.3-8%.

4/10/06 11:19:56 AM

10-202 21. Rayane, D., Allouche, A. R., Benichou, E., Antoine, R., AubertFrecon, M., Dugourd, Ph., Broyer, M., Ristori, C., Chandezon, F., Huber, B. A., and Guet, C., Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 243, 1999. See also Knight, W. D., Clemenger, K., de Heer, W. A., and Saunders, W. A., Phys. Rev. B 31, 2539, 1985. These data probably correspond to a very low internal temperature. 22. Tarnovsky, V., Bunimovicz, M., Vuskovic, L., Stumpf, B., and Beder­son, B., J. Chem. Phys., 98, 3894, 1993. These data correspond to internal temperatures 480-948 K. 23. Milani, P., Moullet, I., and de Heer, W. A., Phys. Rev. A, 42, 5150, 1990. Beam measurements accurate to 11%. 24. Antoine, R., Dugourd, P., Rayane, D., Benichou, E., Broyer, M., Chandezon, F., and Guet, C., J. Chem. Phys., 110, 9771, 1999. 25. Aroney, M. J., and Pratten, S. J., J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1, 80, 1201, 1984. Uncertainties in the range 1-3%. 26. Le Fevre, R. J. W., Murthy, D. S. N., and Saxby, J. D., Aust. J. Chem., 24, 1057, 1971. Kerr effect. 27. No, K. T., Cho, K. H., Jhon, M. S., and Scheraga, H. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 115, 2005, 1993. Theoretical; these results are quoted in numerous valuable papers on calculated polarizabilities, e.g., Miller, K. J., and Savchik, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 101, 7206, 1979.

487_S10.indb 202

Atomic and Molecular Polarizabilities 28. Schlecht, S., Schäfer, R., Woenckhaus, J., Becker, J. A., Chem. Phys. Lett., 246, 315, 1995. 29. Benichou, E., Antoine, R., Rayane, D., Vezin, B., Dalby, F. W., Dug­ourd, P., Ristori, C., Chandezon, F., Huber, B. A., Rocco, J. C., Blun­ dell, S. A., and Guet, C., Phys. Rev. A 59, R1, 1999. See also Rayane, D., Allouche, A. R., Benichou, E., Antoine, R., Aubert-Frecon, M., Dugourd, Ph., Broyer, M., Ristori, C., Chandezon, F., Huber, B. A., and Guet, C., Eur. Phys. J. D 9, 243, 1999. 30. Antoine, R., Rayane, D., Allouche, A. R., Aubert-Frécon, M., Beni­chou, E., Dalby, F. W., Dugourd, P., Broyer, M., and Guet, C., J. Chem. Phys., 110, 5568, 1999. 31. Ballard, A., Bonin, K., and Louderback, J., J. Chem. Phys. 113, 5732, 2000. 32. Ritchie, G.L.D., and Watson, J.N., J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 4515, 2004. These measurements are at 632.8 nm frequency, and are stated accu­ rate to 0.4%. 33. Ritchie, G.L.D., and Blanch, E.W., J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 2093, 2003. These measurements are at 632.8 nm frequncy, and are stated accurate to better than 1%.

4/10/06 11:19:57 AM

IONIZATION ENERGIES OF ATOMS AND ATOMIC IONS The ionization energies (often called ionization potentials) of neutral and partially ionized atoms are listed in this table. Data were obtained from the compilations cited below, supplemented by results from the recent research literature. Values for the first and second ionization energies come from Reference 6. All values are given in electron volts (eV). Following the traditional spectroscopic notation, columns are headed I, II, III, etc. up to XXX, where I indicates the neutral atom, II the singly ionized atom, III the doubly ionized atom, etc. The first section of the table includes spectra I to VIII of all the elements through rutherfordium; subsequent sections cover higher spectra (ionization stages) for those elements for which data are available.

Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

Element H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb

I 13.598443 24.587387 5.391719 9.32270 8.29802 11.26030 14.5341 13.61805 17.4228 21.56454 5.139076 7.646235 5.985768 8.15168 10.48669 10.36001 12.96763 15.759610 4.3406633 6.11316 6.56149 6.82812 6.74619 6.76651 7.43402 7.9024 7.88101 7.6398 7.72638 9.394199 5.999301 7.89943 9.7886 9.75239 11.8138 13.99961 4.177128 5.69485 6.2173 6.63390 6.75885

References 1. Moore, C. E., Ionization Potentials and Ionization Limits Derived from the Analysis of Optical Spectra, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. — Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) No. 34, 1970. 2. Martin, W. C., Zalubas, R., and Hagan, L., Atomic Energy Levels — The Rare Earth Elements, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. — Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), No. 60, 1978. 3. Sugar, J. and Corliss, C., Atomic Energy Levels of the Iron Period Elements: Potassium through Nickel, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol.14, Suppl. 2, 1985. 4. References to papers in J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, in the period 1973— 91 covering other elements may be found in the cumulative index to that journal. 5. Martin, W.C., and Wiese, W.L., in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Handbook, Drake, G.W.F., Ed., AIP Press, New York, 1996. 6. Sansonetti, J. E., Martin, W. C., and Young, S. L., Handbook of Basic Atomic Spectroscopic Data (version 1.1), NIST Physical Data web site <http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Handbook> (October 2004); J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data (to be published).

Neutral Atoms to +7 Ions

II

III

54.417760 75.6400 122.45429 18.21114 153.89661 25.1548 37.93064 24.3833 47.8878 29.6013 47.44924 35.1211 54.9355 34.9708 62.7084 40.96296 63.45 47.2864 71.6200 15.03527 80.1437 18.82855 28.44765 16.34584 33.49302 19.7695 30.2027 23.33788 34.79 23.8136 39.61 27.62966 40.74 31.63 45.806 11.87172 50.9131 12.79977 24.75666 13.5755 27.4917 14.618 29.311 16.4857 30.96 15.6400 33.668 16.1877 30.652 17.084 33.50 18.16884 35.19 20.2924 36.841 17.96439 39.723 20.51514 30.71 15.93461 34.2241 18.5892 28.351 21.19 30.8204 21.591 36 24.35984 36.950 27.2895 40 11.0301 42.89 12.224 20.52 13.1 22.99 14.0 25.04

IV

217.71865 259.37521 64.4939 77.4735 77.41353 87.1398 97.12 98.91 109.2655 119.992 45.14181 51.4439 47.222 53.4652 59.81 60.91 67.27 73.4894 43.2672 46.709 49.16 51.2 54.8 51.3 54.9 57.38 59.4 64 45.7131 50.13 42.9450 47.3 52.5 52.6 57 60.597 34.34 38.3

V

340.22580 392.087 97.8902 113.8990 114.2428 126.21 138.40 141.27 153.825 166.767 65.0251 72.5945 67.8 75.02 82.66 84.50 91.65 99.30 65.2817 69.46 72.4 75.0 79.5 76.06 79.8 82.6 93.5 62.63 68.3 59.7 64.7 71.0 71.6 77.0 80.348 50.55

VI

VII

VIII

489.99334 552.0718 138.1197 157.1651 157.93 172.18 186.76 190.49 205.27 220.421 88.0530 97.03 91.009 99.4 108.78 110.68 119.53 128.13 90.6349 95.6 99.1 102.0 108 103 108

667.046 739.29 185.186 207.2759 208.50 225.02 241.76 246.5 263.57 280.948 114.1958 124.323 117.56 127.2 138.0 140.8 150.6 160.18 119.203 124.98 128.9 133 139 134

871.4101 953.9112 239.0989 264.25 265.96 284.66 303.54 309.60 328.75 348.28 143.460 154.88 147.24 158.1 170.4 173.4 184.7 194.5 151.06 157.8 162 166 174

127.6 81.7 88.6 78.5 84.4 90.8 93.0

155.4 103.0 111.0 99.2 106 116

192.8 125.802 136 122.3 129

102.057

125

10-202

Section 10.indb 202

5/4/05 8:16:08 AM

Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions

Section 10.indb 203

Z 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84

Element Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po

I 7.09243 7.28 7.36050 7.45890 8.3369 7.57623 8.99382 5.78636 7.34392 8.60839 9.0096 10.45126 12.12984 3.893905 5.211664 5.5769 5.5387 5.473 5.5250 5.582 5.6437 5.67038 6.14980 5.8638 5.9389 6.0215 6.1077 6.18431 6.25416 5.42586 6.82507 7.54957 7.86403 7.83352 8.43823 8.96702 8.9588 9.22553 10.4375 6.108194 7.41663 7.2855 8.414

85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104

At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf

10.7485 4.072741 5.278423 5.17 6.3067 5.89 6.1941 6.2657 6.0260 5.9738 5.9914 6.1979 6.2817 6.42 6.50 6.58 6.65 4.9 6.0

10-203

Neutral Atoms to +7 Ions

II 16.16 15.26 16.76 18.08 19.43 21.47746 16.90831 18.8703 14.6322 16.63 18.6 19.1313 20.9750 23.15744 10.00383 11.059 10.85 10.55 10.72 10.90 11.07 11.25 12.09 11.52 11.67 11.80 11.93 12.05 12.176 13.9 15

III 27.13 29.54 28.47 31.06 32.93 34.83 37.48 28.03 30.50260 25.3 27.96 33 32.1230

IV 46.4

V 54.49

54 40.73502 44.2 37.41

72.28 56 58.75

19.1773 20.198 21.624 22.1 22.3 23.4 24.92 20.63 21.91 22.8 22.84 22.74 23.68 25.05 20.9594 23.3

49.95 36.758 38.98 40.4 41.1 41.4 42.7 44.0 39.79 41.47 42.5 42.7 42.7 43.56 45.25 33.33

61.6 65.55 57.53

18.563 20.20 18.7568 20.4283 15.03248 16.703

34.2 29.83 31.9373 25.56

42.32 45.3

68.8 56.0

10.14715 11.75 11.9

20.0

28.8

VI 68.8276

108 70.7

VII 125.664

VIII 143.6

137

77.6

66.8

16.1

88.3

10.6 11.2

11.8 12.0

5/4/05 8:16:10 AM

Ionization Energies of Atoms and Atomic Ions

10-204

Section 10.indb 204

Z 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 36 37 38 39 42

Element F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Kr Rb Sr Y Mo

IX 1103.1176 1195.8286 299.864 328.06 330.13 351.12 372.13 379.55 400.06 422.45 175.8174 188.54 180.03 192.1 205.8 209.3 221.8 233.6 186.13 193 199 203 230.85 150 162 146.2 164.12

Z 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 36 42

Element Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Kr Mo

XVII 3946.2960 4120.8857 1033.4 1087 1094 1131 1168 1185 1224 1266 546.58 571.08 557 579 592 636

Z 25 26 27 28 29 36 42

Element Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Kr Mo

XXV 8571.94 8828 2219.0 2295 2308 1151 1263

+8 Ions to +15 Ions

X

XI

1362.1995 1465.121 367.50 398.75 401.37 424.4 447.5 455.63 478.69 503.8 211.275 225.18 215.92 230.5 244.4 248.3 262.1 275.4 224.6 232 238 268.2 277.1 177 191 186.4 XVIII

9277.69 9544.1 2399.2 2478 1205.3 1323

XIII

XIV

XV

XVI

1648.702 1761.805 442.00 476.36 479.46 504.8 529.28 538.96 564.7 591.9 249.798 265.07 255.7 270.8 286.0 290.2 305 321.0 265.3 274 308

1962.6650 2085.98 523.42 560.8 564.44 591.99 618.26 629.4 657.2 687.36 291.500 308.1 298.0 314.4 330.8 336 352 369 310.8 350

2304.1410 2437.63 611.74 652.2 656.71 686.10 714.6 726.6 756.7 787.84 336.277 354.8 343.6 361.0 379 384 401 419.7 391

2673.182 2816.91 707.01 749.76 755.74 786.6 817.6 830.8 863.1 896.0 384.168 403.0 392.2 411 430 435 454 447

3069.842 3223.78 809.40 854.77 861.1 894.5 927.5 941.9 976 1010.6 435.163 457 444 464 484 490 492

3494.1892 3658.521 918.03 968 974 1009 1044 1060 1097 1134.7 489.256 511.96 499 520 542 541

324.1 206 209.3

374.0 230.28

279.1

302.60

544.0

570

+16 Ions to +23 Ions XIX

4426.2296 4610.8 1157.8 1213 1221 1260 1299 1317 1358 1397.2 607.06 633 619 641 702 XXVI

XII

4934.046 5128.8 1287.97 1346 1355 1396 1437 1456 1504.6 1541 670.588 698 786 767

XX

5469.864 5674.8 1425.4 1486 1496 1539 1582 1603 1648 1697 738 833 833

+24 Ions to +29 Ions XXVII

10012.12 10288.8 2587.5 2928 1387

XXVIII

10775.40 11062.38 3070 1449

XXI

6033.712 6249.0 1569.6 1634 1644 1689 1735 1756 1804 1856 884 902 XXIX

11567.617 3227 1535

XXII

XXIII

XXIV

6625.82 6851.3 1721.4 1788 1799 1846 1894 1916

7246.12 7481.7 1879.9 1950 1962 2011 2060

7894.81 8140.6 2023 2119 2131 2182

937 968

998 1020

1051 1082

XXX

3381 1601

5/4/05 8:16:12 AM

IONIZATION ENERGIES OF GAS-PHASE MOLECULES Sharon G. Lias This table presents values for the first ionization energies (IP) of approximately 1000 molecules and atoms. Substances are listed by molecular formula in the modified Hill order (see Preface). Values enclosed in parentheses are considered not to be well established. Data appearing in the 1988 reference, were updated in 1996 for inclusion in the database of ionization energies available at the Internet site of the Standard Reference Data program of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (http://webbook. nist.gov). The list appearing here includes these updates. The list also includes values for enthalpies of formation of the ions at 298 K, ∆fHion, given according to the ion convention used by Mol. form.

Name

Substances not containing carbon Ac Actinium Ag Silver Silver(I) chloride AgCl AgF Silver(I) fluoride Al Aluminum AlBr Aluminum monobromide Aluminum tribromide AlBr3 AlCl Aluminum monochloride Aluminum trichloride AlCl3 AlF Aluminum monofluoride Aluminum trifluoride AlF3 AlI Aluminum monoiodide Aluminum triiodide AlI3 Am Americium Ar Argon As Arsenic Arsenic(III) chloride AsCl3 Arsenic(III) fluoride AsF3 Arsine AsH3 Au Gold B Boron Boron tribromide BBr3 Boron trichloride BCl3 BF Fluoroborane Difluoroborane Boron trifluoride BF3 BH Boron monohydride Borane BH3 Boron triiodide BI3 Boron dioxide BO2 Diborane B2H6 Boron oxide B2O3 Tetraborane B4H10 Pentaborane(9) B5H9 Hexaborane B6H10 Ba Barium Barium oxide BaO Beryllium Be Beryllium oxide BeO Bi Bismuth Bismuth trichloride BiCl3

mass spectrometrists; to convert these values to the electron convention used by thermodynamicists, add 6 kJ/mol. Details on the calculation of ∆fHion, as well as data for a much larger number of molecules, may be found in the reference and on the Internet site.

Reference Lias, S. G., Bartmess, J. E., Liebman, J. F., Holmes, J. L., Levin, R. D., and Mallard, W.G., Gas-Phase Ion and Neutral Thermochemistry, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 17, Suppl. No. 1, 1988.

IP/eV

∆f Hion kJ/mol

5.17 7.57624 (≤ 10.08) (11.0 ± 0.3) 5.98577 (9.3) (10.4) 9.4 (12.01) 9.73 ± 0.01 ≤ 15.45 9.3 ± 0.3 (9.1) 5.9738 ± 0.0002 15.75962 9.8152 (10.55 ± 0.025) (12.84 ± 0.05) (9.89) 9.22567 8.29803 (10.51) 11.60 ± 0.02 11.12 ± 0.01 (9.4) 15.7 ± 0.3 (9.77) 12.026 ± 0.024 (9.25 ± 0.03) (13.5 ± 0.3) 11.38 ± 0.05 13.5 ± 0.15 10.76 ± 0.04 9.90 ± 0.04 (9.0) 5.21170 6.91 ± 0.06 9.32263 (10.1 ± 0.4) 7.2855 (10.4)

905 1016 ≤ 1065 1071 905 913 593 855 573 673 ≤ 282 965 673 860 1521 1250 754 452 1021 1254 1363 809 718 957 317 365 1385 1261 964 1001 1134 460 1105 1028 965 683 543 1224 1111 908 736

10-205

Section 10.indb 205

5/4/05 8:16:14 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-206 Mol. form. Bk Br BrCl BrF BrF5 BrH BrH3Si BrI BrK BrLi BrNO BrNa BrO BrRb BrTl Br2 Br2Hg Br2Sn Br3Ga Br3P Br4Hf Br4Sn Br4Ti Br4Zr Ca CaCl CaO Cd Ce Cf Cl ClCs ClF ClFO3 ClF2 ClF3 ClF5S ClH ClHO ClH3Si ClI ClIn ClK ClLi ClNO ClNO2 ClNa ClO ClO2 ClRb ClTl Cl2 Cl2CrO2 Cl2Ge Cl2H2Si Cl2Hg Cl2O Cl2OS Cl2O2S Cl2Pb

Section 10.indb 206

Name Berkelium Bromine (atomic) Bromine chloride Bromine fluoride Bromine pentafluoride Hydrogen bromide Bromosilane Iodine bromide Potassium bromide Lithium bromide Nitrosyl bromide Sodium bromide Bromine monoxide Rubidium bromide Thallium(I) bromide Bromine Mercury(II) bromide Tin(II) bromide Gallium(III) bromide Phosphorus(III) bromide Hafnium(IV) bromide Tin(IV) bromide Titanium(IV) bromide Zirconium(IV) bromide Calcium Calcium monochloride Calcium oxide Cadmium Cerium Californium Chlorine (atomic) Cesium chloride Chlorine fluoride Perchloryl fluoride Chlorine difluoride Chlorine trifluoride Sulfur chloride pentafluoride Hydrogen chloride Hypochlorous acid Chlorosilane Iodine chloride Indium(I) chloride Potassium chloride Lithium chloride Nitrosyl chloride Nitryl chloride Sodium chloride Chlorine monoxide Chlorine dioxide Rubidium chloride Thallium(I) chloride Chlorine Chromyl chloride Germanium(II) chloride Dichlorosilane Mercury(II) chloride Chlorine oxide Thionyl chloride Sulfuryl chloride Lead(II) chloride

IP/eV 6.23 11.81381 11.01 11.86 13.172 ± 0.002 11.66 ± 0.03 10.6 9.790 ± 0.004 7.85 ± 0.1 (8.7) 10.17 ± 0.03 8.31 ± 0.1 10.46 ± 0.02 7.94 ± 0.03 9.14 ± 0.02 10.516 ± 0.005 10.560 ± 0.003 9.0 10.40 9.7 (10.9) 10.6 10.3 (10.7) 6.11316 5.86 ± 0.07 6.66 ± 0.18 8.99367 5.5387 6.30 12.96764 (7.84 ± 0.05) 12.66 ± 0.01 (12.945 ± 0.005) (12.77 ± 0.05) (12.65 ± 0.05) (12.335 ± 0.005) 12.749 ± 0.009 (11.12 ± 0.01) 11.4 10.088 ± 0.01 (9.51) (8.0 ± 0.4) 9.57 10.87 ± 0.01 (11.84) 8.92 ± 0.06 10.95 10.33 ± 0.02 (8.50 ± 0.03) 9.70 ± 0.03 11.480 ± 0.005 11.6 (10.20 ± 0.05) 11.4 11.380 ± 0.003 10.94 10.96 12.05 (10.2)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 911 1252 1079 1086 840 1087 943 986 578 685 1065 660 1135 583 844 1046 935 839 711 798 366 709 375 388 768 462 668 980 957 805 1373 510 1171 1224 1128 1057 144 1137 993 899 991 842 557 727 1099 1155 681 1159 1093 590 869 1108 580 813 765 952 1135 844 807 791

5/4/05 8:16:16 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. Cl2S Cl2Si Cl2Sn Cl3Ga Cl3HSi Cl3N Cl3OP Cl3OV Cl3P Cl3PS Cl3Sb Cl4Ge Cl4Hf Cl4Si Cl4Sn Cl4Ti Cl4V Cl4Zr Cl5Mo Cl5Nb Cl5P Cl5Ta Cl6W Cm Co Cr Cs CsF CsNa Cu CuF Dy Er Es Eu F FGa FH FHO FH3Si FI FIn FNO FNO2 FNS FO FO2 FS FTl F2 F2Ge F2HN F2H2Si F2Mg F2N F2N2 F2O F2OS F2O2S F2Pb

Section 10.indb 207

Name Sulfur dichloride Dichlorosilylene Tin(II) chloride Gallium(III) chloride Trichlorosilane Nitrogen trichloride Phosphorus(V) oxychloride Vanadyl trichloride Phosphorus(III) chloride Phosphorus(V) sulfide trichloride Antimony(III) chloride Germanium(IV) chloride Hafnium(IV) chloride Tetrachlorosilane Tin(IV) chloride Titanium(IV) chloride Vanadium(IV) chloride Zirconium(IV) chloride Molybdenum(V) chloride Niobium(V) chloride Phosphorus(V) chloride Tantalum(V) chloride Tungsten(VI) chloride Curium Cobalt Chromium Cesium Cesium fluoride Cesium sodium Copper Copper(I) fluoride Dysprosium Erbium Einsteinium Europium Fluorine (atomic) Gallium monofluoride Hydrogen fluoride Hypofluorous acid Fluorosilane Iodine fluoride Indium monofluoride Nitrosyl fluoride Nitryl fluoride Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) Fluorine monoxide Fluorine superoxide (FOO) Sulfur fluoride Thallium(I) fluoride Fluorine Germanium(II) fluoride Difluoramine Difluorosilane Magnesium fluoride Difluoroamidogen trans-Difluorodiazine Fluorine monoxide Thionyl fluoride Sulfuryl fluoride Lead(II) fluoride

10-207

IP/eV 9.45 ± 0.03 (10.93 ± 0.10) (10.0) 11.52 (11.7) (10.12 ± 0.1) 11.36 ± 0.02 (11.6) 9.91 9.71 ± 0.03 (≤ 10.7) 11.68 ± 0.05 (11.7) 11.79 ± 0.01 11.7 ± 0.2 (11.5) (9.2) (11.2) (8.7) (10.97) (10.2) (11.08) (9.5) 6.02 7.8810 6.76664 3.89390 (8.80 ± 0.10) (4.05 ± 0.04) 7.72638 10.15 ± 0.02 5.9389 6.1078 6.42 5.6704 17.42282 (9.6 ± 0.5) 16.044 ± 0.003 12.71 ± 0.01 11.7 10.54 ± 0.01 (9.6 ± 0.5) 12.63 ± 0.03 (13.09) 11.51 ± 0.04 12.78 ± 0.03 (12.6 ± 0.2) 10.09 10.52 15.697 ± 0.003 (≤ 11.65) (11.53 ± 0.08) (12.2) (13.6 ± 0.3) 11.628 ± 0.01 (12.8) 13.11 ± 0.01 12.25 13.04 ± 0.01 (11.5)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 895 887 760 664 648 1244 540 425 668 573 s719 629 246 527 656 349 361 210 392 356 608 303 348 966 1187 1050 452 489 535 1084 984 862 907 753 723 1761 700 1276 1130 752 922 740 1152 1154 1090 1342 1228 986 835 1515 551 1046 386 588 1155 1315 1290 688 501 679

5/4/05 8:16:16 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-208 Mol. form. F2S F2Si F2Sn F2Xe F3HSi F3N F3NO F3OP F3P F3PS F3Si F4Ge F4N2 F4S F4Si F4Xe F5I F5P F5S F6Mo F6S F6U Fe Fm Ga GaI3 Gd Ge GeH4 GeI4 GeO GeS H HI HLi HN HNO HNO2 HNO3 HN3 HO HO2 HS H2 H2N H2O H2O2 H2S H2Se H2Si H3N H3NO H3P H3Sb H4N2 H4Si H4Sn H6Si2 H8Si3 He

Section 10.indb 208

Name Sulfur difluoride Difluorosilylene Tin(II) fluoride Xenon difluoride Trifluorosilane Nitrogen trifluoride Trifluoramine oxide Phosphorus(V) oxyfluoride Phosphorus(III) fluoride Phosphorus(V) sulfide trifluoride Trifluorosilyl Germanium(IV) fluoride Tetrafluorohydrazine Sulfur tetrafluoride Tetrafluorosilane Xenon tetrafluoride Iodine pentafluoride Phosphorus(V) fluoride Sulfur pentafluoride Molybdenum(VI) fluoride Sulfur hexafluoride Uranium(VI) fluoride Iron Fermium Gallium Gallium(III) iodide Gadolinium Germanium Germane Germanium(IV) iodide Germanium(II) oxide Germanium(II) sulfide Hydrogen (atomic) Hydrogen iodide Lithium hydride Imidogen Nitrosyl hydride Nitrous acid Nitric acid Hydrazoic acid Hydroxyl Hydroperoxy Mercapto Hydrogen Amidogen Water Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen selenide Silylene Ammonia Hydroxylamine Phosphine Stibine Hydrazine Silane Stannane Disilane Trisilane Helium

IP/eV (10.08) 10.78 ± 0.05 (11.1) 12.35 ± 0.01 (14.0) 13.00 ± 0.02 13.31 ± 0.06 12.76 ± 0.01 11.60 ± 0.05 ≤ 11.05 ± 0.035 (9.99) (15.5) 11.94 ± 0.03 12.0 ± 0.3 15.24 ± 0.14 12.65 ± 0.1 12.943 ± 0.005 (15.1) 9.60 ± 0.05 (14.5 ± 0.1) 15.32 ± 0.02 14.00 ± 0.10 7.9024 6.50 5.99930 9.40 6.1500 7.900 ≤ 10.53 (9.42) 11.25 ± 0.01 (9.98) 13.59844 10.386 ± 0.001 7.7 ≤ 13.49 ± 0.01 (10.1) ≤ 11.3 11.95 ± 0.01 10.72 ± 0.025 13.0170 ± 0.0002 11.35 ± 0.01 10.4219 ± 0.0004 15.42593 ± 0.00005 11.14 ± 0.01 12.6206 ± 0.0020 10.58 ± 0.04 10.457 ± 0.012 9.892 ± 0.005 8.244 ± 0.025 10.070 ± 0.020 (10.00) 9.869 ± 0.002 9.54 ± 0.03 8.1 ± 0.15 11.00 ± 0.02 (10.75) 9.74 ± 0.02 (9.2) 24.58741

∆f Hion kJ/mol 676 450 586 1083 150 1125 1121 –24 161 ≤ 58 – 32 307 1119 399 –144 1016 408 –137 10 –159 258 –796 1177 627 851 765 991 1139 ≤ 1108 850 1044 1055 1530 1028 882 1678 1075 ≤ 1011 1019 1328 1294 1106 1145 1488 1264 976 885 989 984 1084 925 923 958 1067 877 1095 1200 1019 1009 2372

5/4/05 8:16:18 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. Hf Hg HgI2 Ho I IK ILi INa ITl I2 I4Ti I4Zr In Ir K KLi KNa K2 Kr La Li LiNa LiO LiRb Li2 Lu Md Mg MgO Mn Mo N NO NO2 NP NS N2 N2O N2O4 N2O5 Na NaRb Na2 Nb Nd Ne Ni No Np O OPb OS OS2 OSi OSn OSr O2 O2S O2Th O2Ti

Section 10.indb 209

Name Hafnium Mercury Mercury(II) iodide Holmium Iodine (atomic) Potassium iodide Lithium iodide Sodium iodide Thallium(I) iodide Iodine Titanium(IV) iodide Zirconium(IV) iodide Indium Iridium Potassium Lithium potassium Potassium sodium Dipotassium Krypton Lanthanum Lithium Lithium sodium Lithium monoxide Lithium rubidium Dilithium Lutetium Mendelevium Magnesium Magnesium oxide Manganese Molybdenum Nitrogen (atomic) Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Phosphorus nitride Nitrogen sulfide Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Nitrogen tetroxide Nitrogen pentoxide Sodium Rubidium sodium Disodium Niobium Neodymium Neon Nickel Nobelium Neptunium Oxygen (atomic) Lead(II) oxide Sulfur monoxide Sulfur oxide (SSO) Silicon monoxide Tin(II) oxide Strontium oxide Oxygen Sulfur dioxide Thorium(IV) oxide Titanium(IV) oxide

10-209

IP/eV 6.82507 ± 0.00004 10.43750 9.5088 ± 0.0022 6.0216 10.45126 (7.21 ± 0.3) (7.5) 7.64 ± 0.02 8.47 ± 0.02 9.3074 ± 0.0002 (9.1) (9.3) 5.78636 9.1 4.34066 4.57 ± 0.04 4.41636 ± 0.00017 4.0637 ± 0.0002 13.99961 5.5770 5.39172 5.05 ± 0.04 (8.44) 4.3 ± 0.1 5.1127 ± 0.0003 5.42585 6.58 7.64624 (8.76 ± 0.22) 7.43402 7.09243 14.53414 9.26438 ± 0.00005 9.586 ± 0.002 11.84 ± 0.04 8.87 ± 0.01 15.5808 12.886 (10.8) (11.9) 5.13908 4.32 ± 0.04 4.894 ± 0.003 6.75885 5.5250 21.56454 7.6398 6.65 6.2657 ± 0.0003 13.61806 9.08 ± 0.10 10.294 ± 0.004 10.584 ± 0.005 11.49 ± 0.20 9.60 ± 0.02 6.6 ± 0.2 12.0697 ± 0.0002 12.349 ± 0.001 (8.7 ± 0.15) (9.54 ± 0.1)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 1278 1069 900 882 1115 570 633 659 826 960 602 500 802 1543 508 512 561 519 1351 969 680 571 894 486 709 950 635 885 901 998 1343 1875 985 958 1247 1119 1503 1325 1050 1161 603 480 614 1384 859 2081 1167 642 1069 1563 939 998 971 1008 944 623 1165 894 342 623

5/4/05 8:16:19 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-210 Mol. form. O2U O3 O3S O3U O4Os O4Ru O7Re2 Os P P2 Pa Pb PbS Pd Pm Pr Pt Pu Ra Rb Re Rh Rn Ru S SSn S2 Sb Sc Se Si Sm Sn Sr Ta Tb Tc Te Th Ti Tl Tm U V W Xe Y Yb Zn Zr

Name Uranium(IV) oxide Ozone Sulfur trioxide Uranium(VI) oxide Osmium(VIII) oxide Ruthenium(VIII) oxide Rhenium(VII) oxide Osmium Phosphorus Diphosphorus Protactinium Lead Lead(II) sulfide Palladium Promethium Praseodymium Platinum Plutonium Radium Rubidium Rhenium Rhodium Radon Ruthenium Sulfur Tin(II) sulfide Disulfur Antimony Scandium Selenium Silicon Samarium Tin Strontium Tantalum Terbium Technetium Tellurium Thorium Titanium Thallium Thulium Uranium Vanadium Tungsten Xenon Yttrium Ytterbium Zinc Zirconium

Substances containing carbon C Carbon Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrClF2 Bromotrichloromethane CBrCl3 Bromotrifluoromethane CBrF3 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr2F2 Tetrabromomethane CBr4 CCl Chloromethylidyne Chlorotrifluoromethane CClF3

Section 10.indb 210

IP/eV (5.4 ± 0.1) 12.43 12.82 ± 0.03 (10.5 ± 0.5) (12.32) 12.15 ± 0.03 (12.7 ± 0.2) 8.7 10.48669 10.53 5.89 7.41666 (8.5 ± 0.5) 8.3367 5.55 5.464 9.0 6.025 5.27892 4.17713 7.88 7.45890 10.74850 7.36050 10.36001 (8.8) 9.356 ± 0.002 8.64 6.56144 9.75238 8.15169 5.6437 7.34381 5.69484 7.89 5.8639 7.28 9.0096 6.308 ± 0.003 6.8282 6.10829 6.18431 6.19405 6.746 ± 0.002 7.98 12.12987 6.217 6.25416 9.39405 6.63390

∆f Hion kJ/mol 57 1342 841 214 850 988 125 1630 1328 1160 1133 911 954 1181 536 883 1433 926 668 484 1530 1276 1037 1355 1277 966 1031 1096 1010 1168 1238 751 1011 713 1544 955 1380 1066 1207 1127 771 827 1129 1166 1621 1170 1022 754 1037 1251

11.26030 (11.21) (10.6) (11.40) 11.03 ± 0.04 (10.31 ± 0.02) (8.9 ± 0.2) 12.6 ± 0.2

1803 642 980 451 683 1079 1244 505

5/4/05 8:16:20 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. CClN CCl2 CCl2F2 CCl2O CCl3F CCl4 CF CFN CF2 CF2O CF3 CF3I CH CHBrCl2 CHBr2Cl CHBr3 CHCl CHClF2 CHCl2F CHCl3 CHF CHF3 CHI3 CHN CHN CHNO CHNO CHO CH2 CH2BrCl CH2Br2 CH2ClF CH2Cl2 CH2F2 CH2I2 CH2N2 CH2N2 CH2O CH2O2 CH3 CH3BO CH3Br CH3Cl CH3Cl3Si CH3F CH3I CH3NO CH3NO2 CH3N3 CH3O CH4 CH4N2O CH4O CH4S CH5N CH6N2 CH6Si CN CNO CO

Section 10.indb 211

Name Cyanogen chloride Dichloromethylene Dichlorodifluoromethane Carbonyl chloride Trichlorofluoromethane Tetrachloromethane Fluoromethylidyne Cyanogen fluoride Difluoromethylene Carbonyl fluoride Trifluoromethyl Trifluoroiodomethane Methylidyne Bromodichloromethane Chlorodibromomethane Tribromomethane Chloromethylene Chlorodifluoromethane Dichlorofluoromethane Trichloromethane Fluoromethylene Trifluoromethane Triiodomethane Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen isocyanide Isocyanic acid Fulminic acid Oxomethyl (HCO) Methylene Bromochloromethane Dibromomethane Chlorofluoromethane Dichloromethane Difluoromethane Diiodomethane Diazomethane Cyanamide Formaldehyde Formic acid Methyl Borane carbonyl Bromomethane Chloromethane Methyltrichlorosilane Fluoromethane Iodomethane Formamide Nitromethane Methyl azide Methoxy Methane Urea Methanol Methanethiol Methylamine Methylhydrazine Methylsilane Cyanide Cyanate Carbon monoxide

10-211

IP/eV 12.34 ± 0.01 (9.27) 12.05 ± 0.24 (11.5) 11.77 ± 0.02 11.47 ± 0.01 9.11 ± 0.01 13.34 ± 0.02 11.44 ± 0.03 13.035 ± 0.030 8.7 ± 0.2 10.23 10.64 ± 0.01 10.6 10.59 ± 0.01 10.48 ± 0.02 9.84 (12.2) (11.5) 11.37 ± 0.02 10.06 ± 0.05 (13.86) 9.25 ± 0.02 13.60 ± 0.01 (12.5 ± 0.1) 11.595 ± 0.005 (10.83) (8.55) 10.396 ± 0.003 10.77 ± 0.01 (10.50 ± 0.02) 11.71 ± 0.01 11.32 ± .01 12.71 9.46 ± 0.02 8.999 ± 0.001 (10.4) 10.88 ± 0.01 11.33 ± 0.01 9.843 ± 0.002 11.14 ± 0.02 10.541 ± 0.003 11.22 ± 0.01 (11.36 ± 0.03) 12.47 ± 0.02 9.538 10.16 ± 0.06 11.08 ± 0.07 9.81 ± 0.02 (10.72) 12.61 ± 0.01 9.7 10.85 ± 0.01 9.44 ± 0.005 (8.80) 7.7 ± 0.15 (10.7) 13.5984 11.76 ± 0.01 14.014 ± 0.0003

∆f Hion kJ/mol 1329 1058 685 888 868 1010 1134 1325 899 617 379 397 1622 973 1030 1035 1247 693 829 992 1121 643 1010 1447 1407 1016 1263 826 1392 1085 1013 870 996 774 1030 1098 1137 941 715 1095 962 979 1001 548 956 936 796 994 1227 1050 1143 690 845 888 826 835 1003 1748 1290 1242

5/4/05 8:16:21 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-212 Mol. form. COS COSe CO2 CS CS2 C2 C2Br2F4 C2ClF3 C2ClF5 C2Cl2 C2Cl2F4 C2Cl3F3 C2Cl3F3 C2Cl4 C2Cl4F2 C2Cl4O C2Cl6 C2F3N C2F4 C2F6 C2H C2HBr C2HBrClF3 C2HCl C2HClF2 C2HCl3 C2HCl3O C2HCl5 C2HF C2HF3 C2HF3O2 C2H2 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl2O C2H2Cl4 C2H2Cl4 C2H2F2 C2H2F2 C2H2O C2H2O2 C2H2S2 C2H3Br C2H3Cl C2H3ClF2 C2H3ClO C2H3ClO C2H3ClO2 C2H3Cl3 C2H3Cl3 C2H3F C2H3FO C2H3F3 C2H3N C2H3NO C2H4 C2H4Br2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2

Section 10.indb 212

Name Carbon oxysulfide Carbon oxyselenide Carbon dioxide Carbon sulfide Carbon disulfide Dicarbon 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chloropentafluoroethane Dichloroacetylene 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Tetrachloroethylene 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane Trichloroacetyl chloride Hexachloroethane Trifluoroacetonitrile Tetrafluoroethylene Hexafluoroethane Ethynyl Bromoacetylene 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chloroacetylene 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene Trichloroethylene Dichloroacetyl chloride Pentachloroethane Fluoroacetylene Trifluoroethylene Trifluoroacetic acid Acetylene 1,1-Dichloroethylene cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene Chloroacetyl chloride 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1-Difluoroethylene cis-1,2-Difluoroethylene Ketene Glyoxal Thiirene Bromoethylene Chloroethylene 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Acetyl chloride Chloroacetaldehyde Chloroacetic acid 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Fluoroethylene Acetyl fluoride 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane Acetonitrile Methylisocyanate Ethylene 1,2-Dibromoethane 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane

IP/eV 11.18 ± 0.01 10.36 ± 0.01 13.773 ± 0.002 11.33 ± 0.01 10.0685 ± 0.0020 (11.4 ± 0.3) (11.1) 9.81 ± 0.03 (12.6) 9.9 12.2 11.5 11.99 ± 0.02 9.326 ± 0.001 (11.3) (11.0) (11.1) 13.93 ± 0.07 10.12 ± 0.02 (13.6) (11.61 ± 0.07) 10.31 ± 0.02 (11.0) 10.58 ± 0.02 9.80 ± 0.04 9.46 ± 0.02 (10.9) (11.0) 11.26 10.14 11.46 11.400 ± 0.002 9.81 ± 0.04 9.66 ± 0.01 9.64 ± 0.02 (≤ 10.3) (11.1) (≤ 11.62) 10.29 ± 0.01 10.23 ± 0.02 9.617 ± 0.003 10.2 8.61 9.83 ± 0.02 9.99 ± 0.02 (11.98) 10.82 ± 0.04 (10.48) (10.7) (11.0) (11.0) 10.36 ± 0.01 (11.5) 13.3 ± 0.5 12.20 ± 0.01 (10.67) 10.5138 ± 0.0006 10.35 ± 0.04 11.04 ± 0.02 11.04 ± 0.02

∆f Hion kJ/mol 936 929 935 1361 1089 2000 280 373 99 1165 252 386 429 887 563 827 920 845 315 -30 1685 1242 363 1276 628 894 809 919 1195 489 75 1328 949 936 934 815 920 ≤ 971 650 690 880 773 892 1028 985 626 801 815 597 917 911 861 667 536 1253 900 1067 961 935 931

5/4/05 8:16:23 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. C2H4F2 C2H4O C2H4O C2H4O2 C2H4O2 C2H5Br C2H5Cl C2H5ClO C2H5F C2H5I C2H5N C2H5NO C2H5NO C2H5NO2 C2H6 C2H6Cl2Si C2H6O C2H6O C2H6OS C2H6O2 C2H6S C2H6S C2H6S2 C2H7N C2H7N C2H7NO C2H8N2 C2H8N2 C2N2 C3F6 C3F6O C3F8 C3HN C3H2O C3H3F3 C3H3N C3H3NO C3H3NO C3H4 C3H4 C3H4 C3H4N2 C3H4O C3H4O C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H4O2 C3H5Br C3H5Cl C3H5ClO C3H5ClO2 C3H5F C3H5N C3H5NO C3H6 C3H6 C3H6Br2 C3H6Br2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2

Section 10.indb 213

Name 1,1-Difluoroethane Acetaldehyde Ethylene oxide Acetic acid Methyl formate Bromoethane Chloroethane 2-Chloroethanol Fluoroethane Iodoethane Ethyleneimine Acetamide N-Methylformamide Nitroethane Ethane Dichlorodimethylsilane Ethanol Dimethyl ether Dimethyl sulfoxide Ethylene glycol Ethanethiol Dimethyl sulfide Dimethyl disulfide Ethylamine Dimethylamine Ethanolamine 1,2-Ethanediamine 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Cyanogen Perfluoropropene Perfluoroacetone Perfluoropropane Cyanoacetylene 2-Propynal 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene 2-Propenenitrile Oxazole Isoxazole Allene Propyne Cyclopropene Imidazole Propargyl alcohol Acrolein Cyclopropanone Propenoic acid 2-Oxetanone 3-Bromopropene 3-Chloropropene Epichlorohydrin Methyl chloroacetate 3-Fluoropropene Propanenitrile Acrylamide Propene Cyclopropane 1,2-Dibromopropane 1,3-Dibromopropane 1,2-Dichloropropane 1,3-Dichloropropane

10-213

IP/eV (11.87) 10.229 ± 0.0007 10.56 ± 0.01 10.65 ± 0.02 10.835 ± 0.005 10.29 ± 0.01 10.98 ± 0.02 (10.5) (11.78) 9.3492 ± 0.0006 (9.5 ± 0.3) 9.65 ± 0.03 9.83 ± 0.04 10.88 ± 0.05 11.56 ± 0.02 (10.7) 10.43 ± 0.05 10.025 ± 0.025 9.10 ± 0.03 10.16 9.31 ± 0.03 8.69 ± 0.02 (7.4 ± 0.3) 8.86 ± 0.02 8.24 ± 0.08 8.96 (8.6) 7.29 ± 0.05 13.37 ± 0.01 10.60 ± 0.03 (11.57 ± 0.13) (13.38) 11.64 ± 0.01 (10.7 ± 0.1) (10.9) 10.91 ± 0.01 (9.9) (9.93) 9.692 ± 0.004 10.37 ± 0.01 9.67 ± 0.01 (8.81) 10.49 ± 0.02 10.103 ± 0.006 (9.1 ± 0.1) 10.60 (9.70 ± 0.01) (9.96) 10.04 ± 0.01 (10.64) (10.3) (10.11) 11.84 ± 0.02 (9.5) 9.73 ± 0.02 9.86 (10.1) (≤ 10.2) 10.8 ± 0.1 10.89 ± 0.04

∆f Hion kJ/mol 643 821 966 595 690 931 947 756 873 893 1044 693 760 948 1031 576 772 783 727 593 851 801 690 808 777 664 812 787 1597 –103 –282 –491 1475 1145 437 1237 940 1038 1126 1187 1209 997 1060 900 895 701 653 1008 965 919 575 821 1194 720 959 1005 903 ≤ 919 886 892

5/4/05 8:16:23 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-214 Mol. form. C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O3 C3H7Br C3H7Br C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C3H7F C3H7F C3H7I C3H7I C3H7N C3H7N C3H7N C3H7NO C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H8 C3H8O C3H8O C3H8O C3H8O2 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8S C3H9BO3 C3H9ClSi C3H9N C3H9N C3H9N C3H9NO C4H2O3 C4H4 C4H4N2 C4H4N2 C4H4N2 C4H4O C4H4O2 C4H4O3 C4H4O4 C4H4S C4H5N C4H5N C4H5N C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6O C4H6O C4H6O

Section 10.indb 214

Name Allyl alcohol Methyl vinyl ether Propanal Acetone Methyloxirane Oxetane Propanoic acid Ethyl formate Methyl acetate 1,3-Dioxolane 1,3,5-Trioxane 1-Bromopropane 2-Bromopropane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane 1-Fluoropropane 2-Fluoropropane 1-Iodopropane 2-Iodopropane Allylamine Cyclopropylamine Propyleneimine N,N-Dimethylformamide 1-Nitropropane 2-Nitropropane Propane 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Ethyl methyl ether Dimethoxymethane 1-Propanethiol 2-Propanethiol Ethyl methyl sulfide Trimethyl borate Trimethylchlorosilane Propylamine Isopropylamine Trimethylamine 3-Amino-1-propanol Maleic anhydride 1-Buten-3-yne Succinonitrile Pyrimidine Pyridazine Furan Diketene Succinic anhydride Fumaric acid Thiophene Methylacrylonitrile Pyrrole Cyclopropanecarbonitrile 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene 1-Butyne 2-Butyne Cyclobutene Divinyl ether trans-2-Butenal 2-Methylpropenal

IP/eV 9.67 ± 0.05 8.95 ± 0.01 9.96 ± 0.01 9.703 ± 0.006 (10.22) 9.65 ± 0.01 10.525 ± 0.003 10.61 ± 0.01 10.25 ± 0.02 (9.9) (10.3) 10.18 ± 0.01 10.10 ± 0.03 10.81 ± 0.01 10.79 ± 0.02 (11.3) (11.08) 9.25 ± 0.01 9.19 ± 0.02 (8.76) (8.8) (9.0) (9.12) (10.81) (10.71) 10.95 ± 0.05 10.18 ± 0.06 10.17 ± 0.02 9.72 ± 0.07 9.7 9.20 ± 0.01 9.145 ± 0.005 (8.55) (10.0) (10.15) (8.78) (8.72) 7.82 ± 0.06 (9.0) (10.8) 9.58 ± 0.02 (12.1 ± 0.25) 9.23 8.67 ± 0.03 8.883 ± 0.003 (9.6 ± 0.02) (10.6) (10.7) 8.86 ± 0.02 10.34 8.207 ± 0.005 (10.25) (9.03) 9.082 ± 0.004 10.19 ± 0.02 9.59 ± 0.03 9.43 ± 0.02 (8.7) 9.73 ± 0.01 (9.92)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 808 763 772 719 892 851 568 639 579 658 528 898 877 911 896 806 776 860 845 891 926 960 688 919 894 952 727 709 722 588 819 806 765 65 624 777 758 731 651 645 1230 1377 1087 1112 822 736 500 355 970 1127 900 1173 1034 986 1148 1071 1067 827 835 834

5/4/05 8:16:25 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. C4H6O C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O3 C4H6O4 C4H6S C4H7N C4H7N C4H7NO C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8Br2 C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2S C4H8S C4H9Br C4H9Br C4H9Br C4H9Br C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C4H9I C4H9I C4H9I C4H9I C4H9N C4H9NO C4H9NO C4H10 C4H10 C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O2 C4H10O2

Section 10.indb 215

Name Cyclobutanone cis-Crotonic acid trans-Crotonic acid Methacrylic acid Vinyl acetate Methyl acrylate Acetic anhydride Dimethyl oxalate 2,5-Dihydrothiophene Butanenitrile 2-Methylpropanenitrile 2-Pyrrolidone 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Isobutene Cyclobutane Methylcyclopropane 1,4-Dibromobutane Ethyl vinyl ether 1,2-Epoxybutane Butanal Isobutanal 2-Butanone Tetrahydrofuran Butanoic acid 2-Methylpropanoic acid Propyl formate Ethyl acetate Methyl propanoate 1,3-Dioxane 1,4-Dioxane Sulfolane Tetrahydrothiophene 1-Bromobutane 2-Bromobutane 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane 1-Chlorobutane 2-Chlorobutane 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane 1-Iodobutane 2-Iodobutane 1-Iodo-2-methylpropane 2-Iodo-2-methylpropane Pyrrolidine N,N-Dimethylacetamide Morpholine Butane Isobutane 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 2-Methyl-1-propanol 2-Methyl-2-propanol Diethyl ether Methyl propyl ether Isopropyl methyl ether Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether

10-215

IP/eV (9.35) (10.08) (9.9) (10.15) 9.19 ± 0.05 (9.9) (10.0) (10.0) (8.4) (11.2) (11.3) (9.2) 9.55 ± 0.06 9.11 ± 0.01 9.10 ± 0.01 9.239 ± 0.003 (9.82 ± 0.05) (9.46) (10.15) (8.98) (≤ 10.15) 9.84 ± 0.02 9.71 ± 0.01 9.52 ± 0.04 9.38 ± 0.05 10.17 ± 0.05 10.33 ± 0.03 10.52 ± 0.02 10.01 ± 0.05 10.15 ± 0.03 9.8 9.19 ± 0.01 (9.8) 8.38 (10.12) 10.01 ± 0.02 10.09 ± 0.02 9.92 ± 0.03 10.67 ± 0.03 10.53 10.73 ± 0.07 (10.61) 9.23 ± 0.01 9.10 ± 0.02 9.19 ± 0.01 (9.02) (8.0) 8.81 ± 0.03 (8.2) 10.53 ± 0.10 (10.57) 9.99 ± 0.05 9.88 ± 0.03 10.02 ± 0.04 9.90 ± 0.02 9.51 ± 0.03 9.41 ± 0.07 9.45 ± 0.04 (9.6) (9.3)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 815 625 604 611 572 641 398 287 898 1110 1115 674 921 871 866 875 976 936 879 709 862 742 721 678 721 509 516 555 522 548 607 571 577 774 869 845 861 823 875 857 877 842 840 815 824 798 769 616 841 890 886 689 658 683 642 666 670 661 529 558

5/4/05 8:16:26 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-216 Mol. form. C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S2 C4H11N C4H11N C4H11N C4H11N C4H11N C4H12Si C4H12Sn C4NiO4 C5H4O2 C5H5N C5H6 C5H6 C5H6 C5H6 C5H6 C5H6O C5H6O C5H6S C5H6S C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8O C5H8O C5H8O C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H9NO C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2

Section 10.indb 216

Name 1-Butanethiol 2-Butanethiol 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol Diethyl sulfide Methyl propyl sulfide Isopropyl methyl sulfide Diethyl disulfide Butylamine sec-Butylamine tert-Butylamine Isobutylamine Diethylamine Tetramethylsilane Tetramethylstannane Nickel carbonyl Furfural Pyridine 1-Penten-3-yne cis-3-Penten-1-yne trans-3-Penten-1-yne 2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne 1,3-Cyclopentadiene 2-Methylfuran 3-Methylfuran 2-Methylthiophene 3-Methylthiophene cis-1,3-Pentadiene trans-1,3-Pentadiene 1,4-Pentadiene 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 1-Pentyne Cyclopentene Spiropentane Cyclopropyl methyl ketone Cyclopentanone 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran Ethyl acrylate Methyl methacrylate 2,4-Pentanedione N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone 1-Pentene cis-2-Pentene trans-2-Pentene 2-Methyl-1-butene 3-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene Cyclopentane 2,2-Dimethylpropanal Cyclopentanol Pentanal 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 3-Methyl-2-butanone Tetrahydropyran Pentanoic acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid Butyl formate Propyl acetate Isopropyl acetate

IP/eV 9.14 ± 0.01 (9.10) (9.12) (9.03) (8.43) (8.8) (8.7) (8.27) 8.7 ± 0.1 8.46 ± 0.1 8.46 ± 0.1 8.50 ± 0.1 7.85 ± 0.1 9.80 ± 0.04 8.89 ± 0.05 8.27 ± 0.04 9.22 ± 0.01 9.25 9.00 ± 0.01 9.14 ± 0.04 9.05 ± 0.01 9.25 ± 0.02 8.55 ± 0.02 8.38 ± 0.02 (8.64) (8.14) (8.40) 8.63 ± 0.03 8.59 ± 0.02 9.60 ± 0.02 8.84 ± 0.01 10.10 ± 0.01 9.01 ± 0.01 (9.26) (≤ 9.46) 9.26 ± 0.01 8.35 ± 0.01 (≤ 10.3) (9.7) 8.85 ± 0.01 (≤ 9.17) 9.51 ± 0.01 9.01 ± 0.03 9.04 ± 0.01 9.12 ± 0.01 9.52 ± 0.01 8.69 ± 0.01 (10.33 ± 0.15) 9.51 ± 0.01 (9.72) 9.74 ± 0.04 9.38 ± 0.01 9.31 ± 0.01 9.30 ± 0.01 9.25 ± 0.01 (≤ 10.53) (≤ 10.51) 10.52 ± 0.02 (≤ 9.92) 9.99 ± 0.03

∆f Hion kJ/mol 794 781 783 762 730 767 749 724 748 711 695 721 684 713 837 200 739 1031 1119 1137 1128 1152 955 729 763 867 893 914 905 1032 928 1119 905 1078 796 701 681 617 589 469 ≤ 676 896 843 841 844 891 796 918 675 695 709 646 640 635 670 ≤ 527 ≤ 499 584 501 482

5/4/05 8:16:27 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10S C5H11Br C5H11I C5H11N C5H11N C5H12 C5H12 C5H12 C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C6BrF5 C6ClF5 C6Cl6 C6F6 C6F12 C6HF5 C6HF5O C6H2F4 C6H2F4 C6H2F4 C6H3Cl3 C6H3Cl3 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4FNO2 C6H4F2 C6H4F2 C6H4F2 C6H4O2 C6H5Br C6H5Cl C6H5ClO C6H5ClO C6H5F C6H5I C6H5NO2 C6H5NO3 C6H5NO3 C6H5NO3 C6H6 C6H6 C6H6ClN C6H6ClN C6H6ClN C6H6N2O2

Section 10.indb 217

Name Ethyl propanoate Methyl butanoate Thiacyclohexane 1-Bromopentane 1-Iodopentane Piperidine N-Methylpyrrolidine Pentane Isopentane Neopentane 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 3-Pentanol 2-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-2-butanol 3-Methyl-2-butanol Butyl methyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether Ethyl propyl ether tert-Butyl methyl sulfide Ethyl propyl sulfide Ethyl isopropyl sulfide Bromopentafluorobenzene Chloropentafluorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene Hexafluorobenzene Perfluorocyclohexane Pentafluorobenzene Pentafluorophenol 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene m-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene o-Difluorobenzene m-Difluorobenzene p-Difluorobenzene p-Benzoquinone Bromobenzene Chlorobenzene m-Chlorophenol p-Chlorophenol Fluorobenzene Iodobenzene Nitrobenzene o-Nitrophenol m-Nitrophenol p-Nitrophenol Benzene Fulvene o-Chloroaniline m-Chloroaniline p-Chloroaniline o-Nitroaniline

10-217

IP/eV (10.00) (10.07) (8.2) 10.10 ± 0.01 9.20 ± 0.01 8.03 ± 0.11 ≤ 8.41 ± 0.02 10.28 ± 0.10 10.32 ± 0.05 (≤ 10.2) (10.00) (9.78) 9.78 (9.86) (9.8) (9.88 ± 0.13) (9.4 ± 0.1) (9.24) (9.45) (8.38) (8.50) (8.35) (9.67) (9.72) (8.98) 9.89 ± 0.04 (13.2) (9.63) (9.20) (9.53) (9.53) (9.35) (9.04) 9.32 ± 0.02 (9.92 ± 0.1) (9.96 ± 0.1) 9.06 ± 0.02 9.10 ± 0.02 8.92 ± 0.02 (9.90) 9.29 ± 0.01 9.33 ± 0.01 9.1589 ± 0.0003 10.01 ± 0.06 9.00 ± 0.02 9.07 ± 0.02 8.655 ± 0.001 (≤ 8.69) 9.20 ± 0.01 8.685 9.86 ± 0.02 (9.1) (9.0) (9.1) 9.24378 ± 0.00007 (8.36) (8.50) (8.09) (≤ 8.18) (8.27)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 500 520 728 846 817 726 ≤ 809 845 843 ≤ 818 668 630 628 649 615 637 648 608 640 687 716 689 222 126 822 8 –1095 122 –71 284 263 254 880 899 995 999 907 906 885 826 602 591 577 844 971 930 680 ≤ 692 772 1003 1019 782 755 761 975 1031 883 835 ≤ 844 861

5/4/05 8:16:28 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-218 Mol. form. C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6O C6H6O2 C6H6S C6H7N C6H7N C6H7N C6H7N C6H8N2 C6H8N2 C6H8N2 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10O C6H10O C6H10O4 C6H11NO C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H13I C6H13N C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O2

Section 10.indb 218

Name m-Nitroaniline p-Nitroaniline Phenol p-Hydroquinone Benzenethiol Aniline 2-Methylpyridine 3-Methylpyridine 4-Methylpyridine o-Phenylenediamine m-Phenylenediamine p-Phenylenediamine 1,5-Hexadiene 1-Hexyne 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne Cyclohexene Cyclohexanone Mesityl oxide Diethyl oxalate Caprolactam 1-Hexene cis-2-Hexene trans-2-Hexene 2-Methyl-1-pentene 4-Methyl-1-pentene 2-Methyl-2-pentene 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene 2-Ethyl-1-butene 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene Cyclohexane Methylcyclopentane Hexanal 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 3-Methyl-2-pentanone 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 2-Methyl-3-pentanone 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone Cyclohexanol Hexanoic acid Butyl acetate sec-Butyl acetate Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 1-Iodohexane Cyclohexylamine Hexane 2-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 3-Hexanol Dipropyl ether Diisopropyl ether Butyl ethyl ether Methyl pentyl ether 1,1-Diethoxyethane

IP/eV (8.31) (8.34) 8.49 ± 0.02 7.94 ± 0.01 (8.32) 7.720 ± 0.002 (9.02) (9.04) (9.04) (7.2) (7.14) (6.87 ± 0.05) 9.27 ± 0.05 10.03 ± 0.05 9.90 ± 0.04 8.945 ± 0.01 9.14 ± 0.01 9.10 ± 0.01 (9.8) (9.07 ± 0.02) 9.44 ± 0.04 (8.97 ± 0.01) (8.97 ± 0.01) (9.08 ± 0.01) 9.45 ± 0.01 (8.58) 8.98 ± 0.01 (8.97 ± 0.01) (9.06 ± 0.02) (9.07 ± 0.01) 8.27 ± 0.01 9.86 ± 0.03 (9.85) 9.72 ± 0.05 9.3 ± 0.1 9.12 ± 0.02 9.21 ± 0.01 9.30 ± 0.01 9.10 ± 0.01 9.12 ± 0.02 (9.75) ≤ 10.12 (9.92 ± .05) 9.90 (9.90 ± 0.04) 9.179 (8.86) 10.13 (10.12) (10.08) (10.06) (10.02) (9.89) (9.80 ± 0.03) (9.63 ± 0.03) (9.27) 9.20 ± 0.05 (9.36) (≤ 9.67) (9.2)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 865 859 723 503 915 832 970 979 976 787 777 759 978 1089 1060 859 656 694 205 629 869 818 814 817 862 761 809 804 818 812 729 828 845 691 626 600 600 609 592 589 651 ≤ 463 471 453 466 794 750 810 802 801 787 791 639 611 599 602 569 610 ≤ 657 434

5/4/05 8:16:29 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. C6H14O3 C6H14S C6H14S C6H15N C6H15N C6H15N C6H15N C6H15NO3 C7H3F5 C7H5ClO C7H5Cl3 C7H5F3 C7H5N C7H6O C7H6O2 C7H7Br C7H7Cl C7H7Cl C7H7Cl C7H7Cl C7H7F C7H7F C7H7F C7H7NO C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H8 C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H10O C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H16 C7H16O

Section 10.indb 219

Name Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether Dipropyl sulfide Diisopropyl sulfide Hexylamine Dipropylamine Diisopropylamine Triethylamine Triethanolamine 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene Benzoyl chloride (Trichloromethyl)benzene (Trifluoromethyl)benzene Benzonitrile Benzaldehyde Benzoic acid p-Bromotoluene o-Chlorotoluene m-Chlorotoluene p-Chlorotoluene (Chloromethyl)benzene o-Fluorotoluene m-Fluorotoluene p-Fluorotoluene Benzamide o-Nitrotoluene m-Nitrotoluene p-Nitrotoluene Toluene o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol Benzyl alcohol Anisole Benzylamine o-Methylaniline m-Methylaniline p-Methylaniline N-Methylaniline 2,3-Dimethylpyridine 2,4-Dimethylpyridine 2,5-Dimethylpyridine 2,6-Dimethylpyridine 3,4-Dimethylpyridine 3,5-Dimethylpyridine Dicyclopropyl ketone 1-Heptene trans-3-Heptene Cycloheptane Methylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 1-Heptanal 2-Heptanone 3-Heptanone 4-Heptanone 5-Methyl-2-hexanone 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 1-Methylcyclohexanol Heptane 1-Heptanol

10-219

IP/eV ≤ 9.8 8.30 ± 0.02 (8.2 ± 0.2) (8.63 ± 0.05) (7.84 ± 0.02) (7.73 ± 0.03) (7.50 ± 0.02) (7.9) (9.4) (9.53) (≤ 9.60) 9.685 ± 0.005 9.70 ± 0.01 9.49 ± 0.02 (9.3) 8.67 ± 0.02 (8.7 ± 0.1) (8.83) (8.69) 9.10 ± 0.02 8.91 ± 0.01 8.91 ± 0.01 8.79 ± 0.01 (9.25) 9.24 9.45 ± 0.1 9.46 ± 0.05 8.8276 ± 0.0006 (8.24) 8.29 ± 0.07 (8.3) (8.3) 8.22 ± 0.03 (8.64) (7.44 ± 0.02) (7.50 ± 0.02) (7.24 ± 0.02) 7.34 ± 0.04 (8.85 ± 0.02) (8.85 ± 0.03) (≤ 8.80 ± 0.05) 8.86 ± 0.03 (≤ 9.15) (≤ 9.25) (9.1) 9.34 ± 0.10 (8.92) 9.97 9.64 (9.92 ± 0.05) 9.7 ± 0.2 (9.65) 9.28 ± 0.10 9.18 ± 0.08 9.10 ± 0.06 (9.28) 8.95 ± 0.01 (9.8 ± 0.2) 9.93 ± 0.10 (9.84)

∆f Hion kJ/mol ≤ 448 676 649 699 641 602 631 206 64 815 ≤ 914 335 1154 878 604 908 856 869 855 897 709 709 701 792 946 941 942 901 670 668 675 701 725 917 772 778 753 792 922 918 ≤ 916 913 ≤ 953 ≤ 965 1041 839 790 844 775 828 799 668 594 589 577 586 552 586 771 614

5/4/05 8:16:30 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-220 Mol. form. C7H16O C7H16O C7H16O C7H16O C8H4O3 C8H6O4 C8H6O4 C8H7N C8H7N C8H7N C8H7N C8H8 C8H8O C8H8O C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H11N C8H11N C8H11N C8H14 C8H14 C8H14 C8H14 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16O C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18S C8H18S C8H18S C8H19N C8H19N

Section 10.indb 220

Name 2-Heptanol 3-Heptanol 4-Heptanol Ethyl pentyl ether Phthalic anhydride Isophthalic acid Terephthalic acid 2-Methylbenzonitrile 3-Methylbenzonitrile 4-Methylbenzonitrile Indole Styrene p-Tolualdehyde Acetophenone o-Toluic acid m-Toluic acid p-Toluic acid Benzeneacetic acid Methyl benzoate Ethylbenzene o-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene p-Ethylphenol 2,3-Xylenol 2,4-Xylenol 2,6-Xylenol 3,4-Xylenol Phenetole 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine N-Ethylaniline N,N-Dimethylaniline 1-Octyne 2-Octyne 3-Octyne 4-Octyne 1-Octene Cyclooctane Ethylcyclohexane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane Propylcyclopentane 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone Octane 2-Methylheptane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Dibutyl ether Di-sec-butyl ether Di-tert-butyl ether Dibutyl sulfide Di-tert-butyl sulfide Diisobutyl sulfide Dibutylamine Diisobutylamine

IP/eV (9.70) (9.68) (9.61) (≤ 9.49) (10.1) (9.98) (9.86) (≤ 9.38) (≤ 9.34) 9.32 ± 0.02 7.7602 ± 0.0006 8.464 ± 0.001 (9.33) 9.29 ± 0.03 (9.1) (9.43) (9.23) (8.26) 9.32 ± 0.03 8.77 ± 0.01 8.56 ± 0.01 8.56 ± 0.01 8.44 ± 0.01 (7.84) (8.26) (8.0) (8.05) (8.09) (8.13) (≤ 8.9) (≤ 7.67) 7.12 ± 0.02 (9.95 ± 0.02) 9.31 ± 0.01 9.22 ± 0.01 9.20 ± 0.01 9.43 ± 0.01 9.75 ± 0.05 (9.54) (9.42) (<9.78) 9.41 (<9.98) 9.53 (<9.93) (9.56) (9.34) (8.80) 9.80 ± 0.10 (9.84) (9.86) 9.8 (9.28) (9.11) 8.88 ± 0.07 (8.2) (8.0) (8.34) (7.69) (7.8)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 580 578 572 ≤ 602 603 268 232 1085 1085 1083 908 964 825 810 558 579 560 479 611 876 844 843 832 613 640 609 615 624 683 ≤ 880 ≤ 794 787 1040 961 952 946 829 816 748 728 772 728 778 743 782 738 753 511 737 734 713 720 s 560 511 493 624 583 625 586 574

5/4/05 8:16:31 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules Mol. form. C8H20Si C9H7N C9H7N C9H8 C9H10 C9H10 C9H10 C9H10 C9H10 C9H10O2 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H13N C9H14O C9H18 C9H18 C9H18 C9H18O C9H18O C9H18O C9H20 C10F8 C10H7Br C10H7Cl C10H8 C10H8 C10H8O C10H8O C10H10O4 C10H12 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14O C10H16 C10H16O C10H18 C10H18 C10H20 C10H20 C10H22 C11H10 C11H10 C11H16 C11H24 C11H24 C12H8 C12H9N C12H10 C12H10 C12H10N2O

Section 10.indb 221

Name Tetraethylsilane Quinoline Isoquinoline Indene o-Methylstyrene m-Methylstyrene p-Methylstyrene Cyclopropylbenzene Indan Ethyl benzoate Propylbenzene Isopropylbenzene 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene N,N-Dimethyl-o-toluidine Isophorone Butylcyclopentane Propylcyclohexane Isopropylcyclohexane 2-Nonanone 5-Nonanone 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone Nonane Perfluoronaphthalene 1-Bromonaphthalene 1-Chloronaphthalene Naphthalene Azulene 1-Naphthol 2-Naphthol Dimethyl phthalate 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Butylbenzene sec-Butylbenzene tert-Butylbenzene Isobutylbenzene p-Cymene o-Diethylbenzene m-Diethylbenzene p-Diethylbenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene p-tert-Butylphenol α-Pinene Camphor cis-Decahydronaphthalene trans-Decahydronaphthalene 1-Decene Butylcyclohexane Decane 1-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene p-tert-Butyltoluene Undecane 2-Methyldecane Acenaphthylene Carbazole Acenaphthene Biphenyl trans-Azoxybenzene

10-221

IP/eV (8.9) 8.62 ± 0.01 8.53 ± 0.03 8.14 ± 0.01 (8.20) (8.15) (8.1) (8.35) (8.3) (8.9) 8.713 ± 0.010 8.73 ± 0.01 8.42 ± 0.02 8.27 ± 0.01 8.41 ± 0.01 7.40 ± 0.02 (≤ 9.07) (9.95) (9.46) (9.33) (9.16) (9.07) 9.01 ± 0.06 9.71 ± 0.10 8.85 8.08 ± 0.03 (8.13) 8.1442 ± 0.0009 7.38 ± 0.05 7.76 ± 0.03 7.87 ± 0.06 (9.64 ± 0.07) 8.46 ± 0.02 8.69 ± 0.02 8.68 ± 0.02 8.68 ± 0.05 8.69 ± 0.02 (8.29) (≤ 8.51) (8.49) (8.40) 8.04 ± 0.02 (7.8) (8.07) (8.76) 9.36 ± 0.04 9.34 ± 0.04 9.42 ± 0.05 (9.41) (9.65) 7.97 ± 0.03 7.91 ± 0.08 (8.12) (9.56) (9.7) (8.22) (7.57) 7.75 ± 0.07 8.23 ± 0.10 (8.1)

∆f Hion kJ/mol 595 1041 1032 949 908 899 895 956 864 537 848 847 803 784 796 814 ≤ 670 793 720 704 545 530 512 709 –368 955 906 936 1001 719 729 277 841 826 820 816 817 771 ≤ 804 798 790 730 552 808 577 734 720 786 695 682 882 877 730 650 658 1053 961 903 977 1123

5/4/05 8:16:32 AM

Ionization Energies of Gas-Phase Molecules

10-222 Mol. form. C12H10O C12H11N C12H18 C12H18 C12H22 C12H27N C13H10 C13H10O C13H12 C14H10 C14H10 C14H10 C14H12 C14H12 C14H14 C16H10 C16H10 C18H12 C18H14 C18H14 C18H14 C20H12 C24H12

Section 10.indb 222

Name Diphenyl ether Diphenylamine 5,7-Dodecadiyne Hexamethylbenzene Cyclohexylcyclohexane Tributylamine 9H-Fluorene Benzophenone Diphenylmethane Anthracene Phenanthrene Diphenylacetylene cis-Stilbene trans-Stilbene 1,2-Diphenylethane Fluoranthene Pyrene Chrysene o-Terphenyl m-Terphenyl p-Terphenyl Perylene Coronene

IP/eV (8.09) 7.16 ± 0.04 (8.67) 7.85 ± 0.01 (9.41) (7.4) 7.91 ± 0.02 9.08 ± 0.05 (8.55) 7.439 ± 0.006 7.8914 ± 0.0006 7.94 ± 0.03 (7.80) 7.656 ± 0.001 8.9 ± 0.1 7.9 ± 0.1 7.4256 ± 0.0006 7.60 ± 0.01 (7.99) (8.01) 7.80 ± 0.03 6.960 ± 0.001 7.29 ± 0.01

∆f Hion kJ/mol 766 908 1079 670 690 492 952 926 963 948 966 1168 1005 973 1002 1052 935 1017 1056 1057 1037 981 1026

5/4/05 8:16:33 AM

X-RAY ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS The energy levels in this tables are the values recommended by Bearden and Burr on the basis of a thorough review of the literature on x-ray wavelengths and related data. All values are in electron volts (eV). Values in parentheses are interpolated, and an asterisk * indicates a level which is not resolved from the level above it. See Reference 1 for uncertainties in the levels and a complete description of how the recommended values were obtained. Level K LI LII,III

1 H 13.59811

Level K LI LII,III

9 F 685.4 (31) 8.6

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII,III MIV,V Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV,V

25

2 He 24.58678

3 Li 54.75

References

1. Bearden, J. A., and Burr, A. F., Rev. Mod. Phys., 39, 125, 1967; also published as X-Ray Wavelengths and X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Sys. — Natl. Bur. Standards (U.S.), No. 14, 1967. 2. Gray, D. E., Ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edition, pp. 7-158 to 7-167, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972. 4 Be 111.0

5 B 188.0

6 C 283.8

7 N 401.6

4.7

6.4

9.2

8 O 532.0 23.7 7.1

10

Ne 866.9 (45) 18.3

11 Na 1072.1 63.3 31.1

12

Mg 1305.0 89.4 51.4

13 Al 1559.6 117.7 73.1

14 Si 1838.9 148.7 99.2

15 P 2145.5 189.3 132.2

16 S 2472.0 229.2 164.8

Cl 2822.4 270.2 201.6 200.0 17.5 6.8

Ar 3202.9 320 247.3 245.2 25.3 12.4

K 3607.4 377.1 296.3 293.6 33.9 17.8

Ca 4038.1 437.8 350.0 346.4 43.7 25.4

Sc 4492.8 500.4 406.7 402.2 53.8 32.3 6.6

Ti 4966.4 563.7 461.5 455.5 60.3 34.6 3.7

V 5465.1 628.2 520.5 512.9 66.5 37.8 2.2

Cr 5989.2 694.6 583.7 574.5 74.1 42.5 2.3

Mn 6539.0 769.0 651.4 640.3 83.9 48.6 48.6* 3.3

26 Fe 7112.0 846.1 721.1 708.1 92.9 54.0 54.0* 3.6

27 Co 7708.9 925.6 793.6 778.6 100.7 59.5 59.5* 2.9

28 Ni 8332.8 1008.1 871.9 854.7 111.8 68.1 68.1* 3.6

29 Cu 8978.9 1096.1 951.0 931.1 119.8 73.6 73.6* 1.6

30 Zn 9658.6 1193.6 1042.8 1019.7 135.9 86.6 86.6* 8.1

31 Ga 10367.1 1297.7 1142.3 1115.4 158.1 106.8 102.9 17.4

32 Ge 11103.1 1414.3 1247.8 1216.7 180.0 127.9 120.8 28.7

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII

33 As 11866.7 1526.5 1358.6 1323.1 203.5 146.4 140.5 41.2 41.2*

34 Se 12657.8 1653.9 1476.2 1435.8 231.5 168.2 161.9 56.7 56.7*

36 Kr 14325.6 1921.0 1727.2 1674.9

2.5 2.5*

5.6 5.6*

35 Br 13473.7 1782.0 1596.0 1549.9 256.5 189.3 181.5 70.1 69.0 27.3 5.2 4.6

222.7 213.8 88.9 88.9* 24.0 10.6 10.6*

37 Rb 15199.7 2065.1 1863.9 1804.4 322.1 247.4 238.5 111.8 110.3 29.3 14.8 14.0

38 Sr 16104.6 2216.3 2006.8 1939.6 357.5 279.8 269.1 135.0 133.1 37.7 19.9 19.9*

39 Y 17038.4 2372.5 2155.5 2080.0 393.6 312.4 300.3 159.6 157.4 45.4 25.6 25.6*

40 Zr 17997.6 2531.6 2306.7 2222.3 430.3 344.2 330.5 182.4 180.0 51.3 28.7 28.7*

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV

41 Nb 18985.6 2697.7 2464.7 2370.5 468.4 378.4 363.0 207.4

42 Mo 19999.5 2865.5 2625.1 2520.2 504.6 409.7 392.3 230.3

43 Tc 21044.0 3042.5 2793.2 2676.9

44 Ru 22117.2 3224.0 2966.9 2837.9 585.0 482.8 460.6 283.6

45 Rh 23219.9 3411.9 3146.1 3003.8 627.1 521.0 496.2 311.7

46 Pd 24350.3 3604.3 3330.3 3173.3 669.9 559.1 531.5 340.0

47 Ag 25514.0 3805.8 3523.7 3351.1 717.5 602.4 571.4 372.8

48 Cd 26711.2 4018.0 3727.0 3537.5 770.2 650.7 616.5 410.5

17

18

19

444.9 425.0 256.4

20

21

22

23

24

10-223

Section 10.indb 223

5/4/05 8:16:35 AM

X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels

10-224 Level MV NI NII NIII NIV,V

Nb 204.6 58.1 33.9 33.9* 3.2

41

Mo 227.0 61.8 34.8 34.8* 1.8

42

Tc 252.9

43

38.9 38.9*

Ru 279.4 74.9 43.1 43.1* 2.0

44

Rh 307.0 81.0 47.9 47.9* 2.5

45

Pd 334.7 86.4 51.1 51.1* 1.5

46

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII NIV NV OI OII OIII

In 27939.9 4237.5 3938.0 3730.1 825.6 702.2 664.3 450.8 443.1 121.9 77.4 77.4* 16.2 16.2* 0.1 0.8 0.8*

Sn 29200.1 4464.7 4156.1 3928.8 883.8 756.4 714.4 493.3 484.8 136.5 88.6 88.6* 23.9 23.9* 0.9 1.1 1.1*

Sb 30491.2 4698.3 4380.4 4132.2 943.7 811.9 765.6 536.9 527.5 152.0 98.4 98.4* 31.4 31.4* 6.7 2.1 2.1*

Te 31813.8 4939.2 4612.0 4341.4 1006.0 869.7 818.7 582.5 572.1 168.3 110.2 110.2* 39.8 39.8* 11.6 2.3 2.3*

I 33169.4 5188.1 4852.1 4557.1 1072.1 930.5 874.6 631.3 619.4 186.4 122.7 122.7* 49.6 49.6* 13.6 3.3 3.3*

Xe 34561.4 5452.8 5103.7 4782.2

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII NIV,V NVI,VII OI OII,III

57 La 38924.6 6266.3 5890.6 5482.7 1361.3 1204.4 1123.4 848.5 831.7 270.4 205.8 191.4 98.9

59 Pr 41990.6 6834.8 6440.4 5964.3 1511.0 1337.4 1242.2 951.1 931.0 304.5 236.3 217.6 113.2 2.0 37.4 22.3

60 Nd 43568.9 7126.0 6721.5 6207.9 1575.3 1402.8 1297.4 999.9 977.7 315.2 243.3 224.6 117.5 1.5 37.5 21.1

61 Pm 45184.0 7427.9 7012.8 6459.3

32.3 14.4

58 Ce 40443.0 6548.8 6164.2 5723.4 1434.6 1272.8 1185.4 901.3 883.3 289.6 223.3 207.2 110.0 0.1 37.8 19.8

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII NIV NV NVI,VII OI OII OIII

65 Tb 51995.7 8708.0 8251.6 7514.0 1967.5 1767.7 1611.3 1275.0 1241.2 397.9 310.2 385.0 147.0 147.0* 2.6 39.0 25.4 25.4*

66 Dy 53788.5 9045.8 8580.6 7790.1 2046.8 1841.8 1675.6 1332.5 1294.9 416.3 331.8 292.9 154.2 154.2* 4.2 62.9 26.3 26.3*

67 Ho 55617.7 9394.2 8917.8 8071.1 2128.3 1922.8 1741.2 1391.5 1351.4 435.7 343.5 306.6 161.0 161.0* 3.7 51.2 20.3 20.3*

68 Er 57485.5 9751.3 9264.3 8357.9 2206.5 2005.8 1811.8 1453.3 1409.3 449.1 366.2 320.0 176.7 167.6 4.3 59.8 29.4 29.4*

69 Tm 59389.6 10115.7 9616.9 8648.0 2306.8 2089.8 1884.5 1514.6 1467.7 471.7 385.9 336.6 179.6 179.6* 5.3 53.2 32.3 32.3*

Section 10.indb 224

49

50

51

52

53

1471.4 1356.9 1051.5 1026.9 242 242* 120.4

Ag 366.7 95.2 62.6 55.9 3.3

47

Cd 403.7 107.6 66.9 66.9* 9.3

48

Cs 35984.6 5714.3 5359.4 5011.9 1217.1 1065.0 997.6 739.5 725.5 230.8 172.3 161.6 78.8 76.5 22.7 13.1 11.4

Ba 37440.6 5988.8 5623.6 5247.0 1292.8 1136.7 1062.2 796.1 780.7 253.0 191.8 179.7 92.5 89.9 39.1 16.6 14.6

62 Sm 46834.2 7736.8 7311.8 6716.2 1722.8 1540.7 1419.8 1106.0 1080.2 345.7 265.6 247.4 129.0 5.5 37.4 21.3

63 Eu 48519.0 8052.0 7617.1 6976.9 1800.0 1613.9 1480.6 1160.6 1130.9 360.2 283.9 256.6 133.2 0.0 31.8 22.0

64 Gd 50239.1 8375.6 7930.3 7242.8 1880.8 1688.3 1544.0 1217.2 1185.2 375.8 288.5 270.9 140.5 0.1 36.1 20.3

70 Yb 61332.3 10486.4 9978.2 8943.6 2398.1 2173.0 1949.8 1576.3 1527.8 487.2 396.7 343.5 198.1 184.9 6.3 54.1 23.4 23.4*

71 Lu 63313.8 10870.4 10348.6 9244.1 2491.2 2263.5 2023.6 1639.4 1588.5 506.2 410.1 359.3 204.8 195.0 6.9 56.8 28.0 28.0*

72 Hf 65350.8 11270.7 10739.4 9560.7 2600.9 2365.4 2107.6 1716.4 1661.7 538.1 437.0 380.4 223.8 213.7 17.1 64.9 38.1 30.6

54

999.0 937.0 672.3 146.7 146.7*

55

56

5/4/05 8:16:37 AM

X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels

10-225

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII NIV NV NVI NVII OI OII OIII OIV,V

Ta 67416.4 11681.5 11136.1 9881.1 2708.0 2468.7 2194.0 1793.2 1735.1 565.5 464.8 404.5 241.3 229.3 25.0 25.0* 71.1 44.9 36.4 5.7

W 69525.0 12099.8 11544.0 10206.8 2819.6 2574.9 2281.0 1871.6 1809.2 595.0 491.6 425.3 258.8 245.4 36.5 33.6 77.1 46.8 35.6 6.1

Re 71676.4 12526.7 11958.7 10535.3 2931.7 2681.6 2367.3 1948.9 1882.9 625.0 517.9 444.4 273.7 260.2 40.6 40.6* 82.8 45.6 34.6 3.5

Os 73870.8 12968.0 12385.0 10870.9 3048.5 2792.2 2457.2 2030.8 1960.1 654.3 546.5 468.2 289.4 272.8 46.3 46.3* 83.7 58.0 45.4

Ir 76111.0 13418.5 12824.1 11215.2 3173.7 2908.7 2550.7 2116.1 2040.4 690.1 577.1 494.3 311.4 294.9 63.4 60.5 95.2 63.0 50.5 3.8

Pt 78394.8 13879.9 13272.6 11563.7 3296.0 3026.5 2645.4 2201.9 2121.6 722.0 609.2 519.0 330.8 313.3 74.3 71.1 101.7 65.3 51.7 2.2

Au 80724.9 14352.8 13733.6 11918.7 3424.9 3147.8 2743.0 2291.1 2205.7 758.8 643.7 545.4 352.0 333.9 86.4 82.8 107.8 71.7 53.7 2.5

Hg 83102.3 14839.3 14208.7 12283.9 3561.6 3278.5 2847.1 2384.9 2294.9 800.3 676.9 571.0 378.3 359.8 102.2 98.5 120.3 80.5 57.6 6.4

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII NIV NV NVI NVII OI OII OIII OIV OV PI PII,III

Tl 85530.4 15346.7 14697.9 12657.5 3704.1 3415.7 2956.6 2485.1 2389.3 845.5 721.3 609.0 406.6 386.2 122.8 118.5 136.3 99.6 75.4 15.3 13.1

Pb 88004.5 15860.8 15200.0 13035.2 3850.7 3554.2 3066.4 2585.6 2484.0 893.6 763.9 644.5 435.2 412.9 142.9 138.1 147.3 104.8 86.0 21.8 19.2 3.1 0.7

Bi 90525.9 16387.5 15711.1 13418.6 3999.1 3696.3 3176.9 2687.6 2579.6 938.2 805.3 678.9 463.6 440.0 161.9 157.4 159.3 116.8 92.8 26.5 24.4

Po 93105.0 16939.3 16244.3 13813.8 4149.4 3854.1 3301.9 2798.0 2683.0 995.3 851 705 500.2 473.4

At 95729.9 17493 16784.7 14213.5 (4317) 4008 3426 2908.7 2786.7 (1042) 886 740 533.2

Rn 98404 18049 17337.1 14619.4 (4482) 4159 3538 3021.5 2892.4 (1097) 929 768 566.6

Fr 101137 18639 17906.5 15031.2 (4652) 4327 3663 3136.2 2999.9 (1153) 980 810 603.3 577

Ra 103921.9 19236.7 18484.3 15444.4 4822.0 4489.5 3791.8 3248.4 3104.9 1208.4 1057.6 879.1 635.9 602.7 298.9 298.9* 254.4 200.4 152.8 67.2 67.2* 43.5 18.8

Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII NIV

Ac 106755.3 19840 19083.2 15871.0 (5002) 4656 3909 3370.2 3219.0 (1269) 1080 890 674.9

Th 109650.9 20472.1 19693.2 16300.3 5182.3 4830.4 4046.1 3490.8 3332.0 1329.5 1168.2 967.3 714.1

Pa 112601.4 21104.6 20313.7 16733.1 5366.9 5000.9 4173.8 3611.2 3441.8 1387.1 1224.3 1006.7 743.4

Np 118678 22426.8 21600.5 17610.0 5723.2 5366.2 4434.7 3850.3 3665.8 1500.7 1327.7 1086.8 815.9

Pu 121818 23097.2 22266.2 18056.8 5932.9 5541.2 4556.6 3972.6 3778.1 1558.6 1372.1 1114.8 848.9

Am 125027 23772.9 22944.0 18504.1 6120.5 5710.2 4667.0 4092.1 3886.9 1617.1 1411.8 (1135.7) 878.7

Cm 128220 24460 23779 18930 6288 5895 4797 4227 3971 1643 1440 1154

Section 10.indb 225

73

81

89

74

82

90

75

83

76

84

77

85

78

86

79

87

31.4 31.4*

2.7 91

U 115606.1 21757.4 20947.6 17166.3 5548.0 5182.2 4303.4 3727.6 3551.7 1440.8 1272.6 1044.9 780.4 92

93

94

95

80

88

96

5/4/05 8:16:39 AM

X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels

10-226 Level NV NVI NVII OI OII OIII OIV OV PI PII PIII Level K LI LII LIII MI MII MIII MIV MV NI NII NIII OI

Section 10.indb 226

Ac

89

97 Bk 131590 25275 24385 19452 6556 6147 4977 4366 4132 1755 1554 1235 398

Th 676.4 344.4 335.2 290.2 229.4 181.8 94.3 87.9 59.5 49.0 43.0

Pa 708.2 371.2 359.5 309.6 222.9 222.9* 94.1 94.1*

98 Cf 135960 26110 25250 19930 6754 6359 5109 4497 4253 1799 1616 1279 419

99 Es 139490 26900 26020 20410 6977 6574 5252 4630 4374 1868 1680 1321 435

90

91

U 737.7 391.3 380.9 323.7 259.3 195.1 105.0 96.3 70.7 42.3 32.3 92

Fm 143090 27700 26810 20900 7205 6793 5397 4766 4498 1937 1747 1366 454

100

Np 770.3 415.0 404.4 283.4 206.1 109.3 101.3

Pu 801.4 445.8 432.4 351.9 274.1 206.5 116.0 105.4

Md 146780 28530 27610 21390 7441 7019 5546 4903 4622 2010 1814 1410 472

102 No 150540 29380 28440 21880 7675 7245 5688 5037 4741 2078 1876 1448 484

93

101

94

95

Am 827.6

96

Cm

385

115.8 103.3

103 Lr 154380 30240 29280 22360 7900 7460 5710 5150 4860 2140 1930 1480 490

5/4/05 8:16:39 AM

ELECTRON BINDING ENERGIES OF THE ELEMENTS Gwyn P. Williams This table gives the binding energies in electron volts (eV) for selected electronic levels of the elements. For metallic elements the binding energy is referred to the Fermi level; for semiconductors, to the valence band maximum; and for gases and insulators, to the vacuum level. The atomic number is listed after the element name. Actinium (89) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2 PI 6s P II 6p1/2 P III 6p3/2

106755 19840 19083 15871 5002 4656 3909 3370 3219 1269a 1080a 890a 675a 639a 319a 319a 272a 215a 167a 80a 80a — — —

Aluminum (13) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2

1559.0 117.8a 72.9a 72.5a

Antimony (51) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2

30419 4698 4380 4132 946b 812.7b 766.4b 537.5b 528.2b 153.2b 95.6b,c 95.6b 33.3b 32.1b

Argon (18) K 1s LI 2s

3205.9 326.3a

a

L II L III MI M II M III

2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2

250.6a 248.4a 29.3a 15.9a 15.7a

Arsenic (33) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2

11867 1527.0a,d 1359.1a,d 1323.6a,d 204.7a 146.2a 141.2a 41.7a 41.7a

Astatine (85) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2

95730 17493 16785 14214 4317 4008 3426 2909 2787 1042a 886a 740a 533a 507a 210a 210a 195a 148a 115a 40a 40a

Barium (56) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2

37441 5989 5624 5247 1293a,d 1137a,d 1063a,d 795.7a 780.5a 253.5b 192

References 1. Fluggle and Martensson, J. Elect. Spect., 21, 275, 1980. 2. Cardona, M. and Ley, L., Photoemission from Solids, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 1978. 3. Bearden, J. A. and Burr, A. F., Rev. Mod. Phys., 39, 125, 1967.

N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

178.6b 92.6b 89.9b — — 30.3b 17.0b 14.8b

Beryllium (4) K 1s

111.5a

Bismuth (83) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2

90526 16388 15711 13419 3999 3696 3177 2688 2580 939b 805.2b 678.8b 464.0b 440.1b 162.3b 157.0b 159.3a,d 119.0b 92.6b 26.9b 23.8b

Boron (5) K 1s

188a

Bromine (35) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2

13474 1782a 1596a 1550a 257a 189a 182a 70a 69a

Cadmium (48) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II

26711 4018 3727

L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV

2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2

3538 772.0b 652.6b 618.4b 411.9b 405.2b 109.8b 63.9b,c 63.9b,c 11.7b 10.7b

Calcium (20) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

4038.5a 438.4b 349.7b 346.2b 44.3b 25.4b 25.4b

Carbon (6) K 1s

284.2a

Cerium (58) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s 5p1/2 O II O III 5p3/2

40443 6548 6164 5723 1436a,d 1274a,d 1187a,d 902.4a 883.8a 291.0a 223.3 206.5a 109a — 0.1 0.1 37.8 19.8a 17.0a

Cesium (55) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2

35985 5714 5359 5012 1211a,d 1071a

10-227

Section 10.indb 227

5/4/05 8:16:43 AM

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements

10-228 M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

1003a 740.5a 726.6a 232.3a 172.4a 161.3a 79.8a 77.5a — — 22.7 14.2a 12.1a

Chlorine (17) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2

2822.0 270a 202a 200a

Chromium(24) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

5989 696.0b 583.8b 574.1b 74.1b 42.2b 42.2b

Cobalt (27) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

7709 925.1b 793.2b 778.1b 101.0b 58.9b 58.9b

Copper (29) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

8979 1096.7b 952.3b 932.5b 122.5b 77.3b 75.1b

Dysprosium (66) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s

53789 9046 8581 7790 2047 1842 1676 1333 1292a 414.2a 333.5a 293.2a 153.6a 153.6a 8.0a 4.3a 49.9a

Section 10.indb 228

O II O III

5p1/2 5p3/2

26.3 26.3

Erbium (68) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

57486 9751 9264 8358 2206 2006 1812 1453 1409 449.8a 366.2 320.2a 167.6a 167.6a — 4.7a 50.6a 31.4a 24.7a

Europium (63) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s 5p1/2 O II O III 5p3/2

48519 8052 7617 6977 1800 1614 1481 1158.6a 1127.5a 360 284 257 133 1227a 0 0 32 22 22

Fluorine (9) K 1s

696.7a

Francium (87) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2

101137 18639 17907 15031 4652 4327 3663 3136 3000 1153a 980a 810a 603a 577a 268a 268a

OI O II O III O IV OV PI P II P III

5s 5p1/2 5p3/2 5d3/2 5d5/2 6s 6p1/2 6p3/2

234a 182a 140a 58a 58a 34 15 15

Gadolinium (64) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

50239 8376 7930 7243 1881 1688 1544 1221.9a 1189.6a 378.6a 286 271 — 142.6a 8.6a 8.6a 36 20 20

Gallium (31) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2

10367 1299.0a,d 1143.2b 1116.4b 159.5b 103.5b 100.0b 18.7b 18.7b

Germanium (32) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2

11103 1414.6a,d 1248.1a,d 1217.0a,d 180.1a 124.9a 120.8a 29.8a 29.2a

Gold (79) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III

80725 14353 13734 11919 3425 3148 2743 2291 2206 762.1b 642.7b 546.3b

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2

N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

353.2b 335.1b 87.6b 83.9b 107.2a,d 74.2b 57.2b

Hafnium (72) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

65351 11271 10739 9561 2601 2365 2107 1176 1662 538a 438.2b 380.7b 220.0b 211.5b 15.9b 14.2b 64.2b 38a 29.9b

Helium (2) K 1s

24.6a

Holmium (67) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

55618 9394 8918 8071 2128 1923 1741 1392 1351 432.4a 343.5 308.2a 160a 160a 8.6a 5.2a 49.3a 30.8a 24.1a

Hydrogen (1) K 1s

13.6

Indium (49) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2

27940 4238 3938 3730 827.2b 703.2b 665.3b 451.4b

5/4/05 8:16:45 AM

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements MV NI N II N III N IV NV

3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2

443.9b 122.9b 73.5b,c 73.5b,c 17.7b 16.9b

Iodine (53) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2

33169 5188 4852 4557 1072a 931a 875a 631a 620a 186a 123a 123a 50a 50a

Iridium (77) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 52 O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

76111 13419 12824 11215 3174 2909 2551 2116 2040 691.1b 577.8b 495.8b 311.9b 296.3b 63.8b 60.8b 95.2a,d 63.0a,d 48.0b

Iron (26) K LI L II L III MI M II M III

7112 844.6b 719.9b 706.8b 91.3b 52.7b 52.7b

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2

Krypton (36) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2

Section 10.indb 229

14326 1921 1730.9a 1678.4a 292.8a 222.2a 214.4a 95.0a 93.8a 27.5a 14.1a

N III

4p3/2

10-229 14.1a

Lanthanum (57) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

38925 6266 5891 5483 1362a,d 1209a,d 1128a,d 853a 836a 247.7a 205.8 196.0a 105.3a 102.5a — — 34.3a 19.3a 16.8a

Lead (82) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III O IV OV

88005 15861 15200 13055 3851 3554 3066 2586 2484 891.8b 761.9b 643.5b 434.3b 412.2b 141.7b 136.9b 147a,d 106.4b 83.3b 20.7b 18.1b

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2 5d3/2 5d5/2

Lithium (3) K 1s Lutetium K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2

54.7a 63314 10870 10349 9244 2491 2264 2024 1639 1589 506.8a 412.4a 359.2a 206.1a 196.3a 8.9a

N VII OI O II O III

4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

7.5a 57.3a 33.6a 26.7a

Magnesium (12) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2

1303.0b 88.6a 49.6b 49.2a

Manganese (25) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

6539 769.1b 649.9b 638.7b 82.3b 47.2b 47.2b

Mercury (80) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p3/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2

83102 14839 14209 12284 3562 3279 2847 2385 2295 802.2b 680.2b 576.6b 378.2b 358.8b 104.0b 99.9b 127b 83.1b 64.5b 9.6b 7.8b

Molybdenum (42) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

20000 2866 2625 2520 506.3b 411.6b 394.0b 231.1b 227.9b 63.2b 37.6b 35.5b

Neodymium (60) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2

43569 7126 6722 6208 1575 1403 1297

M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

1003.3a 980.4a 319.2a 243.3 224.6 120.5a 120.5a 1.5 1.5 37.5 21.1 21.1

Neon (10) K LI L II L III

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2

870.2a 48.5a 21.7a 21.6a

Nickel (28) K LI L II L III MI M II M III

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2

8333 1008.6b 870.0b 852.7b 110.8b 68.0b 66.2b

Niobium (41) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

18986 2698 2465 2371 466.6b 376.1b 360.6b 205.0b 202.3b 56.4b 32.6b 30.8b

Nitrogen (7) K 1s LI 2s

409.9a 37.3a

Osmium (76) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2

73871 12968 12385 10871 3049 2792 2457 2031 1960 658.2b 549.1b 470.7b 293.1b 278.5b 53.4b 50.7b 84a 58a

5/4/05 8:16:47 AM

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements

10-230 O III

5p3/2

44.5b

Oxygen (8) K 1s LI 2s

543.1a 41.6a

Palladium (46) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

24350 3604 3330 3173 671.6b 559.9b 532.3b 340.5b 335.2b 87.1a,d 55.7b,c 50.9b,c

Phosphorus (15) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2

2145.5 189a 136a 135a

Platinum (78) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

78395 13880 13273 11564 3296 3027 2645 2202 2122 725.4b 609.1b 519.4b 331.6b 314.6b 74.5b 71.2b 101.7a,d 65.3a,b 51.7b

Polonium (84) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s

93105 16939 16244 13814 4149 3854 3302 2798 2683 995a 851a 705a 500a 473a 184a 184a 177a

Section 10.indb 230

O II O III O IV OV

5p1/2 5p3/2 5d3/2 5d5/2

132a 104a 31a 31a

Potassium (19) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

3608.4a 378.6a 297.3a 294.6a 34.8a 18.3a 18.3a

Praseodymium (59) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s 5p1/2 O II O III 5p3/2

41991 6835 6440 5964 1511 1337 1242 948.3a 928.8a 304.5 236.3 217.6 115.1a 115.1a 2.0 2.0 37.4 22.3 22.3

Promethium (61) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s 4p1/2 N II N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2

45184 7428 7013 6459 — 1471.4 1357 1052 1027 — 242 242 120 120

Protactinium (91) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2

112601 21105 20314 16733 5367 5001 4174 3611 3442 1387a 1224a 1007a 743a

NV N VI N VII OI O II O III O IV OV PI P II P III

4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2 5d3/2 5d5/2 6s 6p1/2 6p3/2

708a 371a 360a 310a 232a 232a 94a 94a — — —

Radium (88) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2 PI 6s P II 6p1/2 P III 6p3/2

103922 19237 18484 15444 4822 4490 3792 3248 3105 1208a 1058 879a 636a 603a 299a 299a 254a 200a 153a 68a 68a 44 19 19

Radon (86) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2 PI 6s

98404 18049 17337 14619 4482 4159 3538 3022 2892 1097a 929a 768a 567a 541a 238a 238a 214a 164a 127a 48a 48a 26

Rhenium (75) K 1s

71676

LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

12527 11959 10535 2932 2682 2367 1949 1883 625.4b 518.7b 446.8b 273.9b 260.5b 42.9a 40.5a 83b 45.6b 34.6a,d

Rhodium (45) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

23220 3412 3146 3004 628.1b 521.3b 496.5b 311.9b 307.2b 81.4a,d 50.5b 47.3b

Rubidium (37) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

15200 2065 1864 1804 326.7a 248.7a 239.1a 113.0a 112a 30.5a 16.3a 15.3a

Ruthenium (44) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

22117 3224 2967 2838 586.2b 483.3b 461.5b 284.2b 280.0b 75.0b 46.5b 43.2b

Samarium (62) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II

46834 7737 7312

5/4/05 8:16:49 AM

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

6716 1723 1541 1419.8 1110.9a 1083.4a 347.2a 265.6 247.4 129.0 129.0 5.2 5.2 37.4 21.3 21.3

Scandium (21) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

4492 498.0a 403.6a 389.7a 51.1a 28.3a 28.3a

Selenium (34) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2

12658 1652.0a,d 1474.3a,d 1433.9a,d 229.6a 166.5a 160.7a 55.5a 54.6a

Silicon (14) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2

1839 149.7a,d 99.8a 99.2a

Silver (47) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III

25514 3806 3524 3351 719.0b 603.8b 573.0b 374.0b 368.0b 97.0b 63.7b 58.3b

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2

Sodium (11) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2

1070.8b 63.5b 30.4b 30.5a

Strontium (38) K 1s LI 2s

16105 2216

Section 10.indb 231

10-231

L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III

2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2

2007 1940 358.7b 280.3b 270.0b 136.0b 134.2b 38.9b 21.6b 20.1b

Sulfur (16) K LI L II L III

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2

2472 230.9a,d 163.6a 162.5a

Tantalum (73) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

67416 11682 11136 9881 2708 2469 2194 1793 1735 563.4b 463.4b 400.9b 237.9b 226.4b 23.5b 21.6b 69.7b 42.2a 32.7b

Technetium (43) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

21044 3043 2793 2677 586.1a 447.6a 417.7a 257.6a 253.9a 69.5a 42.3a 39.9a

Tellurium (52) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

31814 4939 4612 4341 1006b 870.8b 820.0b 583.4b 573.0b 169.4b 103.3b,c 103.3b,c

N IV NV

4d3/2 4d5/2

41.9b 40.4b

Terbium (65) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

51996 8708 8252 7514 1968 1768 1611 1267.9a 1241.1a 396.0a 322.4a 284.1a 150.5a 150.5a 7.7a 2.4a 45.6a 28.7a 22.6a

Thallium (81) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2 O IV 5d3/2 OV 5d5/2

85530 15347 14698 12658 3704 3416 2957 2485 2389 846.2b 720.5b 609.5b 405.7b 385.0b 122.2b 117.8b 136a,d 94.6b 73.5b 14.7b 12.5b

Thorium (90) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2

109651 20472 19693 16300 5182 4830 4046 3491 3332 1330a 1168a 966.4b 712.1b 675.2b 342.4b 333.1b

OI O II O III O IV OV PI P II P III

5s 5p1/2 5p3/2 5d3/2 5d5/2 6s 6p1/2 6p3/2

290a,c 229a,c 182a,c 92.5b 85.4b 41.4b 24.5b 16.6b

Thulium (69) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

59390 10116 9617 8648 2307 2090 1885 1515 1468 470.9a 385.9a 332.6a 175.5a 175.5a — 4.6 54.7a 31.8a 25.0a

Tin (50) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2

29200 4465 4156 3929 884.7b 756.5b 714.6b 493.2b 484.9b 137.1b 83.6b,c 83.6b,c 24.9b 23.9b

Titanium (22) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

4966 560.9b 460.2b 453.8b 58.7b 32.6b 32.6b

Tungsten (74) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2

69525 12100 11544 10207 2820 2575 2281 1949

5/4/05 8:16:52 AM

Electron Binding Energies of the Elements

10-232 MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI O II O III

3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

Uranium (92) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s

a b c d

1809 594.1b 490.4b 423.6b 255.9b 243.5b 33.6a 31.4b 75.6b 453a,d 36.8b 115606 21757 20948 17166 5548

M II

3p1/2

5182

M III

3p3/2

4303

M IV

3d3/2

3728

MV

3d5/2

3552

NI

4s

1439a,d

N II

4p1/2

1271a,d

N III N IV NV N VI N VII OI

4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2 4f7/2 5s

1043b 778.3b 736.2b 388.2a 377.4b 321a,c,d

O II O III O IV OV PI P II P III

5p1/2 5p3/2 5d3/2 5d5/2 6s 6p1/2 6p3/2

257a,c,d 192a,c,d 102.8b 94.2b 43.9b 26.8b 16.8b

Vanadium (23) K 1s LI 2s L II 2p1/2 L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2

5465 626.7b 519.8b 521.1b 66.3b 37.2b 37.2b

Xenon (54) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV NI N II N III N IV NV N VI

34561 5453 5107 4786 1148.7a 1002.1a 940.6a 689.0a 676.4a 213.2a 146.7 145.5a 69.5a 67.5a —

Reference 1. Reference 2 (remaining values from Reference 3). One-particle approximation not valid. Derived using energy differences from Reference 3.

Section 10.indb 232

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2 4d3/2 4d5/2 4f5/2

N VII OI O II O III

4f7/2 5s 5p1/2 5p3/2

— 23.3a 13.4a 12.1a

Ytterbium (70) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s 3p1/2 M II M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2 N IV 4d3/2 NV 4d5/2 N VI 4f5/2 N VII 4f7/2 OI 5s O II 5p1/2 O III 5p3/2

61332 10486 9978 8944 2398 2173 1950 1576 1528 480.5a 388.7a 339.7a 191.2a 182.4a 2.5a 1.3a 52.0a 30.3a 24.1a

Yttrium (39) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2

17038 2373 2156 2080 392.0a,d 310.6a

M III M IV MV NI N II N III

3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2 4s 4p1/2 4p3/2

298.8a 157.7b 155.8b 43.8a 24.4a 23.1a

Zinc (30) K LI L II L III MI M II M III M IV MV

1s 2s 2p1/2 2p3/2 3s 3p1/2 3p3/2 3d3/2 3d5/2

9659 1196.2a 1044.9a 1021.8a 139.8a 91.4a 88.6a 10.2a 10.1a

Zirconium (40) K 1s LI 2s 2p1/2 L II L III 2p3/2 MI 3s M II 3p1/2 M III 3p3/2 M IV 3d3/2 MV 3d5/2 NI 4s N II 4p1/2 N III 4p3/2

17998 2532 2307 2223 430.3b 343.5b 329.8b 181.1b 178.8b 50.6b 28.5b 27.1b

5/4/05 8:16:53 AM

NATURAL WIDTH OF X-RAY LINES Natural widths of K X-ray lines in eV: Element Ca Ti Cr Fe Ni Zn Ge Se Kr Sr Zr Mo Ru Pd Cd Sn Te Xe Ba

Kα1 1.00 1.45 2.05 2.45 3.00 3.40 3.75 4.10 4.23 5.17 5.70 6.82 7.41 8.80 9.80 11.20 12.80 14.20 16.10

Kα2 0.98 2.13 2.64 3.20 3.70 3.96 4.18 4.43 4.62 4.97 5.25 6.80 7.96 9.20 10.40 12.40 14.20 15.10 16.80

Kβ1

11.80 13.30 15.30 18.15

Kβ3

11.00 13.10 14.50 16.70

Element Ce Nd Sm Gd Dy Er Yb Hf W Os Pt Hg Pb Po Rn Ra Th U

Kα1 18.60 21.50 26.00 29.50 33.90 35.00 38.80 42.70 46.80 49.00 54.10 64.75 67.10 73.20 80.00 87.00 94.70 103.00

Kα2 19.50 21.50 24.70 28.00 32.20 35.50 40.60 44.30 48.00 49.40 54.30 68.20 72.30 75.10 81.50 88.20 95.00 104.30

Kβ1 20.60 23.25 25.65 29.37 32.73 36.20 41.43 46.00 51.83 55.90 59.98 65.75 72.20 78.60 85.50 94.20 99.70 105.00

Kβ3 18.60 21.33 24.65 28.00 32.00 35.70 41.15 46.10 51.50 55.95 62.13 68.95 73.80 80.10 86.50 95.50 101.00 107.30

From Salem, S. I. and Lee, P. L., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 18, 233, 1976.

Natural widths of L X-ray lines in eV: Element Zr Mo Ru Pd Gd Sn Tc Xe Ba Ce Nd Sm Cd Dy Er Yb Hf W Os Pt Hg Pb Po Rn Ra Th U Pu Cm

Lα1 1.68 1.86 2.03 2.21 2.43 2.62 2.88 3.15 3.39 3.70 3.93 4.13 4.46 4.81 5.17 5.40 5.83 6.50 7.04 7.60 8.10 8.82 9.50 10.03 11.00 11.90 12.40 13.20 14.80

Lα2 1.52 1.80 1.98 2.16 2.40 2.62 2.88 3.15 3.45 3.78 4.08 4.50 4.90 5.35 5.73 6.22 6.70 7.20 7.70 8.28 8.80 9.35 9.95 10.50 11.20 11.80 12.40 13.00 13.60

Lβ1 1.87 2.03 2.18 2.36 2.54 2.75 2.96 3.20 3.45 3.73 4.00 4.33 4.63 5.03 5.45 5.90 6.36 6.90 7.42 8.00 8.70 9.35 10.10 10.65 11.60 12.40 13.50 14.10 15.70

Lβ2 5.13 5.30 5.45 5.63 5.82 6.10 6.25 6.43 6.70 6.86 7.18 7.42 7.70 7.90 8.28 8.58 8.92 9.06 9.60 9.95 10.40 10.75 11.25 11.65 12.20 12.80 13.30 13.90 14.60

Lβ3 5.50 5.90 6.35 6.80 7.23 7.70 8.22 8.70 9.20 9.70 10.30 10.80 11.20 11.50 11.85 12.20 12.40 13.10 14.60 16.10 17.40 18.65 19.90 21.00 22.00 22.85 23.70 24.10 25.00

Lβ4 5.60 5.78 5.96 6.18 6.28 6.60 6.82 7.15 7.42 7.82 8.15 8.60 9.08 9.60 10.03 11.00 12.80 14.60 16.50 18.00 19.70 21.30 22.70 24.00 25.20 26.35 27.50 28.30 29.40

Lγ1 3.34 3.76 4.15 4.50 4.83 5.23 5.60 5.95 6.35 6.75 7.16 7.50 7.83 8.30 8.75 9.20 9.63 10.20 10.65 11.20 11.80 12.30 13.05 13.55 14.30 15.00 15.70 16.40 17.10

10-233

Section 10.indb 233

5/4/05 8:16:55 AM

PHOTON ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS Martin J. Berger and John H. Hubbell This table gives mass attenuation coefficients for photons for all elements at energies between 1 keV (soft x-rays) and 1 GeV (hard gamma rays). The mass attenuation coefficient µ describes the attenuation of radiation as it passes through matter by the relation I ( x) /I o = e- µρx where Io is the initial intensity, I(x) the intensity after path length x, and ρ is the mass density of the element in question. To a high approximation the mass attenuation coefficient is additive for the elements present, independent of the way in which they are bound in chemical compounds. The power of ten is indicated beside each number in the table; i.e., 7.41 + 03 means 7.41 × 103. A vertical line between two columns indicates that an absorption edge lies between those energy values. The various edges are labeled at the bottom of the table.

The attenuation coefficients were calculated with the computer program XCOM (Reference 1), which uses a cross-section database compiled at the Photon and Charged Particle Data Center at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Their accuracy has been confirmed at all energies by extensive comparisons with experimental attenuation coefficients. Such comparisons for X-ray energies up to 100 keV can be found in Reference 2.

References 1. Berger, M. J. and Hubbell, J. H., National Bureau of Standards Report NBSIR-87-3597, 1987. 2. Saloman, E. B., Hubbell, J. H., and Scofield, J. H., Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 38, 1, 1988.

10-234

Section 10.indb 234

5/4/05 8:17:00 AM

Photon Attenuation Coefficients

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn

Section 10.indb 235

Atomic no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

10-235 Mass attenuation coefficient, cm2/g Photon energy, MeV

0.001 7.21 + 00 6.08 + 01 2.34 + 02 6.04 + 02 1.23 + 03 2.21 + 03 3.31 + 03 4.59 + 03 5.65 + 03 7.41 + 03 6.54 + 02 9.22 + 02 1.19 + 03 1.57 + 03 1.91 + 03 2.43 + 03 2.83 + 03 3.18 + 03 4.06 + 03 4.87 + 03 5.24 + 03 5.87 + 03 6.50 + 03 7.40 + 03 8.09 + 03 9.09 + 03 9.80 + 03 9.86 + 03 1.06 + 04 1.55 + 03 1.70 + 03 1.89 + 03 2.12 + 03 2.32 + 03 2.62 + 03 2.85 + 03 3.17 + 03 3.49 + 03 3.86 + 03 4.21 + 03 4.60 + 03 4.94 + 03 5.36 + 03 5.72 + 03 6.17 + 03 6.54 + 03 7.04 + 03 7.35 + 03 7.81 + 03 8.16 + 03

0.002 0.005 1.06 + 00 4.19-01 6.86 + 00 5.77-01 2.71 + 01 1.62 + 00 7.47 + 01 4.37 + 00 1.60 + 02 9.68 + 00 3.03 + 02 1.91 + 01 4.77 + 02 3.14 + 01 6.95 + 02 4.79 + 01 9.05 + 02 6.51 + 01 1.24 + 03 9.34 + 01 1.52 + 03 1.19 + 02 1.93 + 03 1.58 + 02 2.26 + 03 1.93 + 02 2.78 + 03 2.45 + 02 3.02 + 02 2.86 + 02 3.85 + 02 3.49 + 02 4.52 + 02 3.90 + 02 5.12 + 02 4.23 + 02 6.59 + 02 5.19 + 02 8.00 + 02 6.03 + 02 8.70 + 02 6.31 + 02 9.86 + 02 6.84 + 02 1.11 + 03 9.29 + 01 1.28 + 03 1.08 + 02 1.42 + 03 1.21 + 02 1.63 + 03 1.40 + 02 1.78 + 03 1.54 + 02 2.05 + 03 1.79 + 02 2.15 + 03 1.90 + 02 2.37 + 03 2.12 + 02 2.52 + 03 2.27 + 02 2.71 + 03 2.47 + 02 2.93 + 03 2.71 + 02 3.10 + 03 2.90 + 02 3.41 + 03 3.21 + 02 3.60 + 03 3.43 + 02 3.41 + 03 3.74 + 02 2.59 + 03 4.06 + 02 7.42 + 02 4.42 + 02 8.12 + 02 4.76 + 02 8.89 + 02 5.13 + 02 9.60 + 02 5.45 + 02 1.04 + 03 5.84 + 02 1.12 + 03 6.17 + 02 1.21 + 03 6.59 + 02 1.29 + 03 6.91 + 02 1.40 + 03 7.39 + 02 1.47 + 03 7.69 + 02 1.58 + 03 8.13 + 02 1.66 + 03 8.47 + 02 L3 L1 L2

0.01 3.85-01 2.48-01 3.40-01 6.47-01 1.25 + 00 2.37 + 00 3.88 + 00 5.95 + 00 8.21 + 00 1.20 + 01 1.56 + 01 2.11 + 01 2.62 + 01 3.39 + 01 4.04 + 01 5.01 + 01 5.73 + 01 6.32 + 01 7.91 + 01 9.34 + 01 9.95 + 01 1.11 + 02 1.22 + 02 1.39 + 02 1.51 + 02 1.71 + 02 1.84 + 02 2.09 + 02 2.16 + 02 2.33 + 02 3.42 + 01 3.74 + 01 4.12 + 01 4.41 + 01 4.91 + 01 5.26 + 01 5.77 + 01 6.27 + 01 6.87 + 01 7.42 + 01 8.04 + 01 8.58 + 01 9.23 + 01 9.80 + 01 1.05 + 02 1.11 + 02 1.19 + 02 1.24 + 02 1.32 + 02 1.38 + 02

0.02 3.69-01 1.96-01 1.86-01 2.25-01 3.01-01 4.42-01 6.18-01 8.65-01 1.13 + 00 1.61 + 00 2.06 + 00 2.76 + 00 3.44 + 00 4.46 + 00 5.35 + 00 6.71 + 00 7.74 + 00 8.63 + 00 1.09 + 01 1.31 + 01 1.41 + 01 1.59 + 01 1.77 + 01 2.04 + 01 2.25 + 01 2.57 + 01 2.80 + 01 3.22 + 01 3.38 + 01 3.72 + 01 3.93 + 01 4.22 + 01 4.56 + 01 4.82 + 01 5.27 + 01 5.55 + 01 5.98 + 01 6.39 + 01 6.86 + 01 7.24 + 01 7.71 + 01 1.31 + 01 1.41 + 01 1.50 + 01 1.61 + 01 1.70 + 01 1.84 + 01 1.92 + 01 2.04 + 01 2.15 + 01

0.05 3.36-01 1.70-01 1.49-01 1.55-01 1.66-01 1.87-01 1.98-01 2.13-01 2.21-01 2.58-01 2.80-01 3.29-01 3.68-01 4.38-01 4.92-01 5.85-01 6.48-01 7.01-01 8.68-01 1.02 + 00 1.09 + 00 1.21 + 00 1.35 + 00 1.55 + 00 1.71 + 00 1.96 + 00 2.14 + 00 2.47 + 00 2.61 + 00 2.89 + 00 3.08 + 00 3.34 + 00 3.63 + 00 3.86 + 00 4.26 + 00 4.52 + 00 4.92 + 00 5.31 + 00 5.76 + 00 6.17 + 00 6.64 + 00 7.04 + 00 7.52 + 00 7.92 + 00 8.45 + 00 8.85 + 00 9.45 + 00 9.78 + 00 1.03 + 01 1.07 + 01 K EDGE

0.1 2.94-01 1.49-01 1.29-01 1.33-01 1.39-01 1.51-01 1.53-01 1.55-01 1.50-01 1.60-01 1.59-01 1.69-01 1.70-01 1.84-01 1.87-01 2.02-01 2.05-01 2.04-01 2.34-01 2.57-01 2.58-01 2.72-01 2.88-01 3.17-01 3.37-01 3.72-01 3.95-01 4.44-01 4.58-01 4.97-01 5.20-01 5.55-01 5.97-01 6.28-01 6.86-01 7.22-01 7.80-01 8.37-01 9.05-01 9.66-01 1.04 + 00 1.10 + 00 1.17 + 00 1.23 + 00 1.31 + 00 1.38 + 00 1.47 + 00 1.52 + 00 1.61 + 00 1.68 + 00

0.2 2.43-01 1.22-01 1.06-01 1.09-01 1.14-01 1.23-01 1.23-01 1.24-01 1.18-01 1.24-01 1.20-01 1.24-01 1.22-01 1.28-01 1.25-01 1.30-01 1.27-01 1.20-01 1.32-01 1.38-01 1.31-01 1.31-01 1.32-01 1.38-01 1.39-01 1.46-01 1.48-01 1.58-01 1.56-01 1.62-01 1.62-01 1.66-01 1.72-01 1.74-01 1.84-01 1.87-01 1.96-01 2.04-01 2.15-01 2.24-01 2.34-01 2.42-01 2.53-01 2.62-01 2.74-01 2.83-01 2.97-01 3.04-01 3.17-01 3.26-01

0.5 1.73-01 8.71-02 7.53-02 7.74-02 8.07-02 8.72-02 8.72-02 8.73-02 8.27-02 8.66-02 8.37-02 8.65-02 8.44-02 8.75-02 8.51-02 8.78-02 8.45-02 7.96-02 8.60-02 8.85-02 8.31-02 8.19-02 8.07-02 8.28-02 8.19-02 8.41-02 8.32-02 8.70-02 8.36-02 8.45-02 8.24-02 8.21-02 8.26-02 8.13-02 8.33-02 8.23-02 8.36-02 8.44-02 8.61-02 8.69-02 8.83-02 8.85-02 8.97-02 8.99-02 9.13-02 9.13-02 9.32-02 9.25-02 9.37-02 9.37-02

5/4/05 8:17:02 AM

Photon Attenuation Coefficients

10-236

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn

Section 10.indb 236

Atomic no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Mass attenuation coefficient, cm2/g Photon energy, MeV 1.0 1.26-01 6.36-02 5.50-02 5.65-02 5.89-02 6.36-02 6.36-02 6.37-02 6.04-02 6.32-02 6.10-02 6.30-02 6.15-02 6.36-02 6.18-02 6.37-02 6.13-02 5.76-02 6.22-02 6.39-02 5.98-02 5.89-02 5.79-02 5.93-02 5.85-02 5.99-02 5.91-02 6.16-02 5.90-02 5.94-02 5.77-02 5.73-02 5.73-02 5.62-02 5.73-02 5.63-02 5.69-02 5.71-02 5.80-02 5.81-02 5.87-02 5.84-02 5.88-02 5.85-02 5.89-02 5.85-02 5.92-02 5.83-02 5.85-02 5.80-02

2.0 8.77-02 4.42-02 3.83-02 3.94-02 4.11-02 4.44-02 4.45-02 4.46-02 4.23-02 4.43-02 4.28-02 4.43-02 4.32-02 4.48-02 4.36-02 4.50-02 4.33-02 4.07-02 4.40-02 4.52-02 4.24-02 4.18-02 4.11-02 4.21-02 4.16-02 4.26-02 4.20-02 4.39-02 4.20-02 4.24-02 4.11-02 4.09-02 4.09-02 4.01-02 4.09-02 4.02-02 4.06-02 4.08-02 4.14-02 4.15-02 4.18-02 4.16-02 4.19-02 4.16-02 4.20-02 4.16-02 4.21-02 4.14-02 4.15-02 4.11-02

5.0 5.05-02 2.58-02 2.26-02 2.35-02 2.48-02 2.71-02 2.74-02 2.78-02 2.66-02 2.82-02 2.75-02 2.87-02 2.84-02 2.97-02 2.91-02 3.04-02 2.95-02 2.80-02 3.05-02 3.17-02 3.00-02 2.98-02 2.96-02 3.06-02 3.04-02 3.15-02 3.13-02 3.29-02 3.18-02 3.22-02 3.16-02 3.16-02 3.19-02 3.14-02 3.23-02 3.20-02 3.25-02 3.29-02 3.35-02 3.38-02 3.44-02 3.44-02 3.48-02 3.48-02 3.53-02 3.52-02 3.58-02 3.54-02 3.56-02 3.55-02

10.0 3.25-02 1.70-02 1.53-02 1.63-02 1.76-02 1.96-02 2.02-02 2.09-02 2.04-02 2.20-02 2.18-02 2.31-02 2.32-02 2.46-02 2.45-02 2.59-02 2.55-02 2.45-02 2.70-02 2.84-02 2.72-02 2.73-02 2.74-02 2.86-02 2.87-02 2.99-02 3.00-02 3.18-02 3.10-02 3.18-02 3.13-02 3.16-02 3.21-02 3.19-02 3.29-02 3.28-02 3.36-02 3.41-02 3.50-02 3.55-02 3.63-02 3.65-02 3.71-02 3.73-02 3.80-02 3.80-02 3.88-02 3.85-02 3.90-02 3.90-02

20.0 2.15-02 1.18-02 1.11-02 1.23-02 1.37-02 1.58-02 1.67-02 1.77-02 1.77-02 1.95-02 1.97-02 2.13-02 2.17-02 2.34-02 2.36-02 2.53-02 2.52-02 2.45-02 2.74-02 2.90-02 2.80-02 2.84-02 2.88-02 3.03-02 3.07-02 3.22-02 3.26-02 3.48-02 3.41-02 3.51-02 3.48-02 3.53-02 3.60-02 3.60-02 3.74-02 3.74-02 3.85-02 3.93-02 4.05-02 4.12-02 4.22-02 4.26-02 4.35-02 4.39-02 4.48-02 4.50-02 4.61-02 4.59-02 4.65-02 4.66-02

50.0 1.42-02 8.61-03 8.68-03 1.02-02 1.19-02 1.43-02 1.57-02 1.71-02 1.75-02 1.96-02 2.03-02 2.23-02 2.31-02 2.52-02 2.58-02 2.79-02 2.81-02 2.76-02 3.11-02 3.32-02 3.23-02 3.30-02 3.36-02 3.56-02 3.63-02 3.83-02 3.88-02 4.17-02 4.10-02 4.24-02 4.22-02 4.30-02 4.40-02 4.41-02 4.60-02 4.61-02 4.75-02 4.87-02 5.03-02 5.13-02 5.27-02 5.33-02 5.45-02 5.50-02 5.63-02 5.66-02 5.81-02 5.79-02 5.88-02 5.90-02

100.0 1.19-02 7.78-03 8.21-03 9.94-03 1.19-02 1.46-02 1.63-02 1.79-02 1.86-02 2.11-02 2.19-02 2.42-02 2.52-02 2.76-02 2.84-02 3.08-02 3.11-02 3.07-02 3.46-02 3.71-02 3.62-02 3.71-02 3.78-02 4.01-02 4.09-02 4.33-02 4.40-02 4.73-02 4.66-02 4.82-02 4.80-02 4.89-02 5.01-02 5.03-02 5.24-02 5.26-02 5.43-02 5.56-02 5.75-02 5.87-02 6.03-02 6.10-02 6.24-02 6.30-02 6.45-02 6.49-02 6.67-02 6.64-02 6.75-02 6.78-02

500.0 1.14-02 7.79-03 8.61-03 1.08-02 1.32-02 1.64-02 1.85-02 2.06-02 2.14-02 2.43-02 2.53-02 2.81-02 2.93-02 3.23-02 3.33-02 3.62-02 3.67-02 3.62-02 4.09-02 4.40-02 4.30-02 4.40-02 4.49-02 4.76-02 4.86-02 5.15-02 5.23-02 5.61-02 5.53-02 5.72-02 5.70-02 5.80-02 5.95-02 5.97-02 6.22-02 6.25-02 6.45-02 6.61-02 6.83-02 6.98-02 7.17-02 7.26-02 7.43-02 7.51-02 7.69-02 7.73-02 7.93-02 7.91-02 8.04-02 8.07-02

1000.0 1.16-02 7.95-03 8.87-03 1.12-02 1.37-02 1.70-02 1.92-02 2.13-02 2.21-02 2.51-02 2.62-02 2.90-02 3.03-02 3.34-02 3.45-02 3.75-02 3.80-02 3.75-02 4.24-02 4.56-02 4.45-02 4.56-02 4.65-02 4.93-02 5.04-02 5.33-02 5.41-02 5.81-02 5.72-02 5.91-02 5.89-02 6.00-02 6.15-02 6.17-02 6.43-02 6.46-02 6.67-02 6.83-02 7.06-02 7.22-02 7.42-02 7.51-02 7.68-02 7.77-02 7.94-02 8.00-02 8.20-02 8.18-02 8.32-02 8.35-02

5/4/05 8:17:07 AM

Photon Attenuation Coefficients

Sb Te I Xe Cs ZB La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm

Section 10.indb 237

Atomic no. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

10-237 Mass attenuation coefficient, cm2/g Photon energy, MeV

0.001 0.002 8.58 + 03 1.77 + 03 8.43 + 03 1.83 + 03 9.10 + 03 2.00 + 03 9.41 + 03 2.09 + 03 9.37 + 03 2.23 + 03 8.54 + 03 2.32 + 03 9.09 + 03 2.46 + 03 9.71 + 03 2.61 + 03 1.06 + 04 2.77 + 03 6.63 + 03 2.88 + 03 2.06 + 03 3.05 + 03 2.11 + 03 3.12 + 03 2.22 + 03 3.28 + 03 2.29 + 03 3.36 + 03 2.40 + 03 3.51 + 03 2.49 + 03 3.47 + 03 2.62 + 03 3.59 + 03 2.75 + 03 3.52 + 03 2.90 + 03 3.69 + 03 3.02 + 03 3.80 + 03 3.19 + 03 3.45 + 03 3.34 + 03 3.60 + 03 3.51 + 03 3.77 + 03 3.68 + 03 3.92 + 03 3.87 + 03 3.77 + 03 4.03 + 03 2.22 + 03 4.24 + 03 1.03 + 03 4.43 + 03 1.08 + 03 4.65 + 03 1.14 + 03 4.83 + 03 1.18 + 03 5.01 + 03 1.23 + 03 5.21 + 03 1.29 + 03 5.44 + 03 1.35 + 03 5.72 + 03 1.42 + 03 5.87 + 03 1.49 + 03 5.83 + 03 1.49 + 03 6.08 + 03 1.56 + 03 6.20 + 03 1.62 + 03 6.47 + 03 1.70 + 03 6.61 + 03 1.74 + 03 6.53 + 03 1.83 + 03 6.63 + 03 1.86 + 03 6.95 + 03 1.96 + 03 7.19 + 03 2.04 + 03 7.37 + 03 2.10 + 03 7.54 + 03 2.15 + 03 7.84 + 03 2.25 + 03 7.89 + 03 2.31 + 03 7.79 + 03 2.40 + 03 7.13 + 03 2.46 + 03 M5 N5 N4 M4 N3 N2 N1

0.005 0.01 8.85 + 02 1.46 + 02 9.01 + 02 1.50 + 02 8.43 + 02 1.63 + 02 6.39 + 02 1.69 + 02 2.30 + 02 1.79 + 02 2.41 + 02 1.86 + 02 2.58 + 02 1.97 + 02 2.74 + 02 2.08 + 02 2.92 + 02 2.21 + 02 3.06 + 02 2.30 + 02 3.26 + 02 2.44 + 02 3.36 + 02 2.50 + 02 3.54 + 02 2.63 + 02 3.65 + 02 2.69 + 02 3.84 + 02 2.82 + 02 3.99 + 02 2.90 + 02 4.17 + 02 3.01 + 02 4.36 + 02 3.13 + 02 4.57 + 02 2.83 + 02 4.72 + 02 2.94 + 02 4.94 + 02 2.21 + 02 5.11 + 02 2.30 + 02 5.33 + 02 2.38 + 02 5.53 + 02 9.69 + 01 5.76 + 02 1.01 + 02 5.93 + 02 1.04 + 02 6.18 + 02 1.09 + 02 6.40 + 02 1.13 + 02 6.66 + 02 1.18 + 02 6.87 + 02 1.22 + 02 7.07 + 02 1.26 + 02 7.30 + 02 1.31 + 02 7.58 + 02 1.36 + 02 7.93 + 02 1.43 + 02 8.25 + 02 1.49 + 02 8.16 + 02 1.48 + 02 8.49 + 02 1.54 + 02 8.74 + 02 1.59 + 02 8.69 + 02 1.65 + 02 8.88 + 02 1.69 + 02 8.76 + 02 1.77 + 02 8.89 + 02 1.79 + 02 9.32 + 02 1.87 + 02 9.65 + 02 1.94 + 02 9.90 + 02 1.98 + 02 1.02 + 03 2.03 + 02 1.06 + 03 2.10 + 02 9.27 + 02 2.15 + 02 9.59 + 02 2.22 + 02 9.77 + 02 2.26 + 02 M3 M2 M1

0.02 2.27 + 01 2.34 + 01 2.54 + 01 2.65 + 01 2.82 + 01 2.94 + 01 3.12 + 01 3.31 + 01 3.53 + 01 3.68 + 01 3.92 + 01 4.03 + 01 4.24 + 01 4.36 + 01 4.59 + 01 4.76 + 01 4.98 + 01 5.20 + 01 5.45 + 01 5.63 + 01 5.88 + 01 6.09 + 01 6.33 + 01 6.57 + 01 6.84 + 01 7.04 + 01 7.32 + 01 7.57 + 01 7.88 + 01 8.12 + 01 8.36 + 01 8.64 + 01 8.95 + 01 9.35 + 01 9.70 + 01 9.56 + 01 9.93 + 01 1.02 + 02 1.06 + 02 9.37 + 01 7.03 + 01 7.11 + 01 7.45 + 01 7.71 + 01 7.93 + 01 8.14 + 01 8.39 + 01 8.58 + 01 4.01 + 01 4.09 + 01 L3

0.05 1.12 + 01 1.14 + 01 1.23 + 01 1.27 + 01 1.34 + 01 1.38 + 01 1.45 + 01 1.52 + 01 1.60 + 01 1.65 + 01 1.73 + 01 1.77 + 01 1.85 + 01 3.86 + 00 4.06 + 00 4.23 + 00 4.43 + 00 4.63 + 00 4.87 + 00 5.04 + 00 5.28 + 00 5.48 + 00 5.72 + 00 5.95 + 00 6.21 + 00 6.41 + 00 6.69 + 00 6.95 + 00 7.26 + 00 7.50 + 00 7.75 + 00 8.04 + 00 8.38 + 00 8.80 + 00 9.19 + 00 9.12 + 00 9.52 + 00 9.85 + 00 1.03 + 01 1.05 + 01 1.10 + 01 1.12 + 01 1.18 + 01 1.22 + 01 1.25 + 01 1.28 + 01 1.34 + 01 1.37 + 01 1.42 + 01 1.45 + 01 L2 L1

0.1 0.2 1.76 + 00 3.38-01 1.80 + 00 3.43-01 1.94 + 00 3.66-01 2.01 + 00 3.76-01 2.12 + 00 3.94-01 2.20 + 00 4.05-01 2.32 + 00 4.24-01 2.45 + 00 4.45-01 2.59 + 00 4.69-01 2.69 + 00 4.84-01 2.84 + 00 5.10-01 2.90 + 00 5.19-01 3.04 + 00 5.43-01 3.11 + 00 5.54-01 3.25 + 00 5.77-01 3.36 + 00 5.95-01 3.49 + 00 6.18-01 3.63 + 00 6.41-01 3.78 + 00 6.68-01 3.88 + 00 6.86-01 4.03 + 00 7.13-01 4.15 + 00 7.34-01 4.30 + 00 7.60-01 4.44 + 00 7.84-01 4.59 + 00 8.12-01 4.70 + 00 8.33-01 4.86 + 00 8.63-01 4.99 + 00 8.90-01 5.16 + 00 9.22-01 5.28 + 00 9.46-01 5.40 + 00 9.69-01 5.55 + 00 9.99-01 5.74 + 00 1.03 + 00 5.99 + 00 1.08 + 00 6.17 + 00 1.12 + 00 6.09 + 00 1.10 + 00 1.66 + 00 1.14 + 00 1.71 + 00 1.17 + 00 1.79 + 00 1.21 + 00 1.83 + 00 1.23 + 00 1.92 + 00 1.29 + 00 1.95 + 00 1.30 + 00 2.05 + 00 1.35 + 00 2.13 + 00 1.39 + 00 2.19 + 00 1.42 + 00 2.25 + 00 1.44 + 00 2.35 + 00 1.50 + 00 2.41 + 00 1.52 + 00 2.51 + 00 1.57 + 00 2.57 + 00 1.59 + 00 K EDGE

0.5 9.45-02 9.33-02 9.70-02 9.70-02 9.91-02 9.92-02 1.01-01 1.04-01 1.07-01 1.08-01 1.12-01 1.11-01 1.14-01 1.14-01 1.17-01 1.18-01 1.20-01 1.23-01 1.26-01 1.27-01 1.30-01 1.32-01 1.35-01 1.38-01 1.41-01 1.43-01 1.46-01 1.49-01 1.53-01 1.56-01 1.58-01 1.61-01 1.66-01 1.71-01 1.77-01 1.73-01 1.78-01 1.82-01 1.87-01 1.90-01 1.97-01 1.98-01 2.05-01 2.10-01 2.14-01 2.18-01 2.25-01 2.29-01 2.36-01 2.39-01

5/4/05 8:17:09 AM

Photon Attenuation Coefficients

10-238

Sb Te I Xe Cs ZB La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm

Section 10.indb 238

Atomic no. 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

Mass attenuation coefficient, cm2/g Photon energy, MeV 1.0 5.80-02 5.67-02 5.84-02 5.78-02 5.85-02 5.80-02 5.88-02 5.96-02 6.07-02 6.07-02 6.19-02 6.11-02 6.19-02 6.12-02 6.20-02 6.20-02 6.26-02 6.32-02 6.40-02 6.40-02 6.48-02 6.50-02 6.57-02 6.62-02 6.69-02 6.71-02 6.79-02 6.86-02 6.95-02 6.99-02 7.03-02 7.10-02 7.21-02 7.39-02 7.54-02 7.30-02 7.45-02 7.53-02 7.69-02 7.71-02 7.94-02 7.90-02 8.13-02 8.26-02 8.33-02 8.41-02 8.62-02 8.70-02 8.89-02 8.94-02

2.0 4.10-02 4.01-02 4.12-02 4.08-02 4.12-02 4.08-02 4.12-02 4.18-02 4.24-02 4.24-02 4.31-02 4.24-02 4.28-02 4.23-02 4.27-02 4.26-02 4.29-02 4.32-02 4.36-02 4.35-02 4.39-02 4.39-02 4.41-02 4.43-02 4.46-02 4.46-02 4.50-02 4.52-02 4.57-02 4.57-02 4.58-02 4.61-02 4.66-02 4.75-02 4.82-02 4.65-02 4.72-02 4.75-02 4.82-02 4.81-02 4.93-02 4.88-02 4.99-02 5.05-02 5.06-02 5.08-02 5.18-02 5.20-02 5.28-02 5.28-02

5.0 3.56-02 3.49-02 3.61-02 3.58-02 3.64-02 3.61-02 3.66-02 3.73-02 3.80-02 3.81-02 3.88-02 3.83-02 3.88-02 3.84-02 3.89-02 3.90-02 3.93-02 3.96-02 4.01-02 4.00-02 4.05-02 4.05-02 4.08-02 4.10-02 4.14-02 4.13-02 4.17-02 4.20-02 4.24-02 4.25-02 4.25-02 4.27-02 4.32-02 4.40-02 4.46-02 4.30-02 4.36-02 4.38-02 4.44-02 4.42-02 4.52-02 4.46-02 4.56-02 4.60-02 4.60-02 4.60-02 4.68-02 4.68-02 4.74-02 4.72-02

10.0 3.92-02 3.86-02 4.00-02 3.99-02 4.06-02 4.04-02 4.11-02 4.19-02 4.29-02 4.30-02 4.40-02 4.35-02 4.42-02 4.38-02 4.45-02 4.46-02 4.50-02 4.55-02 4.61-02 4.61-02 4.66-02 4.68-02 4.72-02 4.75-02 4.79-02 4.79-02 4.84-02 4.87-02 4.93-02 4.94-02 4.94-02 4.97-02 5.03-02 5.12-02 5.20-02 5.01-02 5.08-02 5.10-02 5.17-02 5.15-02 5.26-02 5.19-02 5.30-02 5.34-02 5.34-02 5.34-02 5.42-02 5.42-02 5.48-02 5.45-02

20.0 4.70-02 4.64-02 4.82-02 4.82-02 4.91-02 4.90-02 5.00-02 5.10-02 5.23-02 5.26-02 5.38-02 5.34-02 5.42-02 5.38-02 5.47-02 5.49-02 5.55-02 5.61-02 5.70-02 5.70-02 5.77-02 5.80-02 5.85-02 5.89-02 5.95-02 5.96-02 6.02-02 6.06-02 6.14-02 6.15-02 6.16-02 6.21-02 6.28-02 6.40-02 6.49-02 6.26-02 6.35-02 6.38-02 6.47-02 6.45-02 6.59-02 6.51-02 6.65-02 6.71-02 6.70-02 6.70-02 6.81-02 6.81-02 6.89-02 6.86-02

50.0 5.96-02 5.89-02 6.13-02 6.12-02 6.25-02 6.25-02 6.37-02 6.52-02 6.68-02 6.72-02 6.89-02 6.84-02 6.96-02 6.91-02 7.03-02 7.06-02 7.14-02 7.23-02 7.35-02 7.35-02 7.45-02 7.48-02 7.56-02 7.62-02 7.70-02 7.71-02 7.80-02 7.86-02 7.95-02 7.98-02 8.00-02 8.06-02 8.15-02 8.32-02 8.44-02 8.14-02 8.26-02 8.31-02 8.43-02 8.40-02 8.60-02 8.49-02 8.68-02 8.76-02 8.77-02 8.77-02 8.92-02 8.92-02 9.04-02 9.00-02

100.0 6.85-02 6.77-02 7.04-02 7.04-02 7.19-02 7.19-02 7.34-02 7.50-02 7.69-02 7.74-02 7.94-02 7.88-02 8.02-02 7.97-02 8.11-02 8.15-02 8.24-02 8.34-02 8.48-02 8.49-02 8.60-02 8.64-02 8.73-02 8.80-02 8.89-02 8.90-02 9.01-02 9.08-02 9.19-02 9.22-02 9.24-02 9.31-02 9.42-02 9.61-02 9.76-02 9.42-02 9.56-02 9.61-02 9.75-02 9.72-02 9.95-02 9.83-02 1.01-01 1.01-01 1.02-01 1.02-01 1.03-01 1.04-01 1.05-01 1.05-01

500.0 8.16-02 8.07-02 8.40-02 8.40-02 8.58-02 8.58-02 8.76-02 8.96-02 9.19-02 9.25-02 9.48-02 9.41-02 9.57-02 9.51-02 9.67-02 9.72-02 9.83-02 9.95-02 1.01-01 1.01-01 1.02-01 1.03-01 1.04-01 1.05-01 1.06-01 1.06-01 1.07-01 1.08-01 1.09-01 1.10-01 1.10-01 1.11-01 1.12-01 1.15-01 1.16-01 1.12-01 1.14-01 1.15-01 1.16-01 1.16-01 1.19-01 1.17-01 1.20-01 1.21-01 1.21-01 1.21-01 1.24-01 1.24-01 1.25-01 1.25-01

1000.0 8.44-02 8.35-02 8.69-02 8.69-02 8.88-02 8.88-02 9.06-02 9.27-02 9.50-02 9.56-02 9.81-02 9.73-02 9.90-02 9.83-02 1.00-01 1.00-01 1.02-01 1.03-01 1.04-01 1.04-01 1.06-01 1.06-01 1.07-01 1.08-01 1.09-01 1.10-01 1.11-01 1.12-01 1.13-01 1.13-01 1.14-01 1.15-01 1.16-01 1.18-01 1.20-01 1.16-01 1.18-01 1.19-01 1.20-01 1.20-01 1.23-01 1.21-01 1.24-01 1.25-01 1.25-01 1.26-01 1.28-01 1.28-01 1.29-01 1.29-01

5/4/05 8:17:11 AM

Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation Hans Dolezalek Basic Conversions: c = λν = ν/k ν = c/λ = ck Frequency (ν) 3 × 100  3 × 101 Hz 3  30 Hz 3 × 101  3 × 102 Hz 30  300 Hz 3 × 102  3 × 103 Hz 300 Hz  3 kHz 3 × 103  3 × 104 Hz 3  30 kHz 3 × 104  3 × 105 Hz 30  300 kHz 3 × 105  3 × 106 Hz 300 kHz  3 MHz 3 × 106  3 × 107 Hz 3  30 MHz 3 × 107  3 × 108 Hz 30  300 MHz 3 × 108  3 × 109 Hz 300 MHz  3 GHz 3 × 109  3 × 1010 Hz 3  30 GHz 3 × 1010  3 × 1011 Hz 30  300 GHz

Wavelength (λ) 108  107 m 100  10 Mm 107  106 m 10  1 Mm 106  105 m 1 Mm  100 km 105  104 m 100  10 km 104  103 m 10  1 km 103 102 m 1 km  100 m 102  101 m 100  10 m 101  100 m 10  1 m 100  10-1 1 m  100 mm 10-1  10-2 100 10 mm 10-2  10-3 m 10 1 mm

3 × 1011  3 × 1012 Hz 300 GHz  3 THz

10-3  10-4 1 mm  100 µm

3 × 1012  3 × 1013 Hz 3  30 THz

10-4  10-5 100  10 µm

3 × 1013  3 × 1014 Hz 30  300 THz

10-5  10-6 m 10  1 µm (100,000  10,000 Å) 10-6  10-7m 1 µm  100 m (10,000  1000 Å) 10-7  10-8m 100  10 nm (1000  100 Å) 10-8  10-9 m 10 1 nm (100  10 Å) 10-9  10-10 m 1 nm  100 pm (10  1 Å) 10-10  10-11 m 100  10 pm (1  0.1 Å) 10-11  10-12 m 10  1 pm (0.1  0.01 Å) 10-12  10-13 m 1 pm  100 fm (0.01  0.001 Å) 10-13  10-14 m 100  10 fm (0.001  0.0001 Å)

3 × 1014  3 × 1015 Hz 300 THz  3 PHz 3 × 1015  3 × 1016 Hz 3  30 PHz 3 × 1016  3 × 1017 Hz 30  300 PHz 3 × 1017  3 × 1018 Hz 300 PHz  3 Ehz 3 × 1018  3 × 1019 Hz 3  30 Ehz 3 × 1019  3 × 1020 Hz 30  300 Ehz 3 × 1020  3 × 1021 Hz 300  3000 EHz 3 × 1021  3 × 1022 Hz 3000  30,000 EHz

λ = c/ν = 1/k k = ν/c = 1/λ c = speed of light = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s Approximate photon energies

Wave number (k) 10-8  10-7 m-1 10  100 Gm-1 10-7  10-6 m-1 100 Gm-1  1Mm-1 10-6  10-5 m-1 1  10 Mm-1 10-5  10-4 m-1 10  100 Mm-1 10-4  10-3 m-1 100 Mm-1  1 km-1 10-3  10-2 m-1 1  10 km-1 10-2  10-1 m-1 10  100 km-1 10-1  100 m-1 100 km-1  1 mm-1 100  101 m-1 1  10 m-1 101  102 m-1 10  100 m-1 102  103 m-1 100 m-1  1 mm-1 (1  10 cm-1) 103  104 m-1 (1  10 mm-1) (10  100 cm-1) 104  105 m-1 10  100 mm-1 (100  1000 cm-1) 105  106 m-1 100 mm-1  1µm-1

Names of bands ELF-(ELF 1), ITU band no. 1

Part of µm waves, part of infrared

(1.6  16) × 10-20 joule {0.1  1 eV}

106  107 m-1 1  10 µm-1

Near infrared, visible, near ultraviolet

(1.6  16) × 10-19 joule {1  10 eV}

107  108 m-1 10  100 µm-1

Part of vacuum ultraviolet

(1.6  16) × 10-18 joule {10  100 eV}

108  109 m-1 100 µm-1  1 nm-1

Part of soft X-rays

(1.6  16) × 10-17 joule {100  1000 eV}

109  1010 m-1 1  10 nm-1

Part of soft X-rays

(1.6  16) × 10-16 joule {1  10 keV}

1010  1011 m-1 10  100 nm-1

Hard X-rays and part of soft γ-rays

(1.6  16) × 10-15 joule {10  100 keV}

1011  1012 m-1 100 nm-1  1 pm-1

Part of soft and part of hard γ-rays (limit at 510 keV)

(1.6  16) × 10-14 joule {100 keV  1 MeV}

1012  1013 m-1 1  10 pm-1

Part of hard γ-rays and part of “cosmic” γ-rays

(1.6  16) × 10-13 joule {1  10 MeV}

1013  1014 m-1 10  100 pm-1

γ-rays produced by cosmic rays

(1.6  16) × 10-12 joule {10  100 MeV}

SLF-(ELF 2), ITU band no. 2, megameter waves ULF-(ELF 3), ITU band no. 3 VLF, ITU band no. 4, myriameter waves LF, ITU band no. 5, kilometer waves MF, ITU band no. 6, hectometer waves HF, ITU band no. 7, decameter waves VHF, ITU band no. 8, meter waves UHF, ITU band no. 9, decimeter wavesa SHF, ITU band no. 10, centimeter wavesa EHF, ITU band no. 11, millimeter waves Part of micrometer waves, includes part of far or thermal infrared; ITU band no. 12 Part of micrometer waves includes part of far (thermal) infrared

10-240

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Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation

10-241

Note: Abbreviations used in this table: Å— ångstrom (1 Å=10-10 m); EHz—exahertz (1018 hertz); EHF—extremely high frequency; ELF— extremely low frequency; eV—electron volt (1 eV = 1.60218 × 10-19 joule); fm—femtometer (10-15 m); GHz—gigahertz (109 hertz); Gm—gigameter (109 m); HF—high frequency; Hz—hertz (s-1); ITU—International Telecommunications Union; keV— kiloelectron volt (103 eV); km—kilometer (103 m); LF—low frequency; m—meter; MeV— megaelectron volt (106 eV); MF—medium frequency; MHz—megahertz (106 hertz); Mm—megameter (106 meter); mm—millimeter (10-3 meter); µm—micrometer (10-6 meter); nm—nanometer (10-9meter); PHz—petahertz (1015 hertz); pm—picometer (10-12 meter); SHF—super high frequency; SLF—super low frequency; THz—terahertz; UHF— ultra high frequency; ULF—ultra low frequency; VHF—very high frequency; VLF—very low frequency. a Also called “microwaves”; not to be confused with “micrometer waves”.

LETTER DESIGNATIONS OF MICROWAVE BANDS Frequency (GHz) 1—2 1—4 4—8 8—12 12—18 18—27 27—40

487_S10.indb 241

Wavelength (cm) 30—15 15—7.5 7.5—3.7 3.7—2.5 2.5—1.7 1.7—1.1 1.1—0.75

Wavenumber (cm-1) 0.033—0.067 0.067—0.133 0.133—0.267 0.267—0.4 0.4—0.6 0.6—0.9 0.9—1.33

Band L-Band S-Band C-Band X-Band Ku-Band K-Band Ka-Band

4/10/06 11:21:27 AM

BLACK BODY RADIATION The total power radiated from an ideal black body and the wavelength corresponding to maximum power are given here as a function of absolute temperature. Constants used in the calculation are taken from the table “Fundamental Physical Constants” in T/K 50 100 150 200 250 273 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730

Ptot 0.354 W/m2 5.671 28.707 90.728 221.504 314.973 348.541 401.064 459.311 523.684 594.596 672.478 757.771 850.931 952.428 1.063 kW/m2 1.182 1.312 1.452 1.602 1.764 1.939 2.125 2.325 2.539 2.767 3.010 3.269 3.544 3.836 4.146 4.474 4.822 5.189 5.577 5.986 6.417 6.871 7.349 7.851 8.379 8.933 9.514 10.122 10.760 11.427 12.124 12.853 13.615 14.410 15.239 16.103

λmax/µm 57.955 28.978 19.318 14.489 11.591 10.614 10.349 9.992 9.659 9.348 9.055 8.781 8.523 8.279 8.049 7.832 7.626 7.430 7.244 7.068 6.899 6.739 6.586 6.439 6.299 6.165 6.037 5.914 5.796 5.682 5.573 5.467 5.366 5.269 5.175 5.084 4.996 4.911 4.830 4.750 4.674 4.600 4.528 4.458 4.391 4.325 4.261 4.200 4.140 4.081 4.025 3.970

T/K 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500

Ptot 17.004 17.942 18.918 19.934 20.989 22.087 23.226 24.410 25.638 26.911 28.232 29.600 31.018 32.486 34.006 35.578 37.204 38.886 40.623 42.418 44.272 46.187 48.162 50.201 52.303 54.471 56.705 61.379 66.337 71.589 77.147 83.022 89.227 95.773 102.672 109.939 117.584 125.621 134.063 142.924 152.217 161.955 172.154 182.827 193.989 205.655 217.838 230.556 243.822 257.652 272.063 287.070

Section 1. The radiated power in a band ∆λ at λmax may be calculated from: Pmax = 0.657548 (∆λ/λmax) Ptot λmax/µm 3.916 3.864 3.813 3.763 3.715 3.668 3.622 3.577 3.534 3.491 3.450 3.409 3.369 3.331 3.293 3.256 3.220 3.184 3.150 3.116 3.083 3.050 3.018 2.987 2.957 2.927 2.898 2.841 2.786 2.734 2.683 2.634 2.587 2.542 2.498 2.456 2.415 2.375 2.337 2.300 2.264 2.229 2.195 2.163 2.131 2.100 2.070 2.041 2.012 1.985 1.958 1.932

T/K 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 2140 2160 2180 2200 2220 2240 2260 2280 2300 2320 2340 2360 2380 2400 2420 2440 2460 2480 2500 2550 2600

Ptot 302.689 318.937 335.831 353.387 371.623 390.555 410.202 430.581 451.710 473.607 496.290 519.779 544.093 569.249 595.267 622.168 649.970 678.694 708.359 738.987 770.597 803.210 836.848 871.531 907.282 944.121 982.071 1.021 MW/m2 1.061 1.103 1.145 1.189 1.234 1.281 1.328 1.377 1.428 1.479 1.532 1.587 1.643 1.700 1.759 1.819 1.881 1.945 2.010 2.077 2.145 2.215 2.398 2.591

λmax/µm 1.906 1.882 1.858 1.834 1.811 1.789 1.767 1.746 1.725 1.705 1.685 1.665 1.646 1.628 1.610 1.592 1.575 1.558 1.541 1.525 1.509 1.494 1.478 1.464 1.449 1.435 1.420 1.407 1.393 1.380 1.367 1.354 1.342 1.329 1.317 1.305 1.294 1.282 1.271 1.260 1.249 1.238 1.228 1.218 1.207 1.197 1.188 1.178 1.168 1.159 1.136 1.115

10-242

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Black Body Radiation T/K 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 3300 3350 3400 3450 3500 3550

Ptot 2.796 3.014 3.243 3.485 3.741 4.011 4.294 4.593 4.907 5.237 5.583 5.946 6.326 6.725 7.142 7.578 8.033 8.509 9.006

10-243 T/K 3600 3650 3700 3750 3800 3850 3900 3950 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

λmax/µm 1.093 1.073 1.054 1.035 1.017 0.999 0.982 0.966 0.950 0.935 0.920 0.906 0.892 0.878 0.865 0.852 0.840 0.828 0.816

Ptot 9.524 10.065 10.627 11.214 11.824 12.458 13.118 13.804 14.517 16.024 17.645 19.386 21.254 23.253 25.389 27.670 30.101 32.689 35.441

T/K 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000

λmax/µm 0.805 0.794 0.783 0.773 0.763 0.753 0.743 0.734 0.724 0.707 0.690 0.674 0.659 0.644 0.630 0.617 0.604 0.591 0.580

Ptot 38.362 41.461 44.743 48.217 51.889 55.767 59.858 64.170 68.712 73.490 101.222 136.149 179.418 232.264 296.004 372.042 461.867 567.051

λmax/µm 0.568 0.557 0.547 0.537 0.527 0.517 0.508 0.500 0.491 0.483 0.446 0.414 0.386 0.362 0.341 0.322 0.305 0.290

The curves below show, for various temperatures, the fraction of radiant power as a function of wavelength. The function plotted is Pλ/∆λ Ptot, where Pλ is the power at wavelength λ in a small interval ∆λ (in µm), and Ptot is the total power. 0.25

Fraction of Radiant Power

0.20

1000 K

0.15

500 K

0.10

300 K

0.05 200 K 100 K

0

Section 10.indb 243

0

5

10

15 20 25 Wavelength in µm

30

35

40

5/4/05 8:17:24 AM

CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED DETECTORS This graph summarizes the wavelength response of some semiconductors used as detectors for infrared radiation. The quantity D*(λ) is the signal to noise ratio for an incident radiant power density of 1 W/cm2 and a bandwidth of 1 Hz (60° field of view). The Ge, InAs, and InSb detectors are photovoltaics, while the HgCdTe series are photoconductive devices. The cutoff wavelength of the latter can be varied by adjusting the relative amounts of Hg, Cd,

and Te (three examples are shown at 77 K). The graph also shows the theoretical background limited sensitivity for ideal detectors which introduce no intrinsic noise.

Reference Infrared Detectors 1995, EG&G Judson, Montgomeryville, PA.

1014 Ge 77 K 13

10

Ideal Photovoltaic (BLIP Limit) Ge -30°C

1012

Ideal Photoconductor (BLIP Limit)

D*(λ)

InAs 77 K InSb 77 K

Ge 22°C

11

10

HgCdTe -55°C 10

10

HgCdTe 77 K HgCdTe 77 K

InAs -30°C

HgCdTe 77 K

Doped Ge 4 K

109 InAs 22°C 8

10

HgCdTe -75°C

1

2

3

4

5 6 7 8 10 Wavelength (µm)

12

20

30

10-244

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REFRACTIVE INDEX AND TRANSMITTANCE OF REPRESENTATIVE GLASSES References

Typical values of the index of refraction and internal transmittance (fraction of light transmitted through a one centimeter thickness) are tabulated here for selected types of glasses, as well as for synthetic fused (vitreous) silica. Nominal compositions are given in the first part of the table. The second part gives the index of refraction, relative to air, and the internal transmittance for representative samples of each glass at wavelengths in the infrared, visible, and near-ultraviolet regions. It should be emphasized that wide variation of these parameters may be found among subtypes of each glass. More detailed data may be found in Reference 3. Assuming that the Lambert-Beer Law is followed, the transmittance of a glass plate of thickness d (in centimeters) can be obtained by raising the transmittance value in the table to the power d. Type PK PSK BK K ZK BaK SK KF BaLF SSK LLF BaF LF F BaSF SF KzFS SiO2

Name Phosphate crown Dense phosphate crown Borosilicate crown Crown Zinc crown Barium crown Dense crown Crown flint Barium light flint Extra dense crown Extra light flint Barium flint Light flint Flint Dense barium flint Dense flint Short flint Fused silica

Type PK PSK BK K ZK BaK SK KF BaLF SSK LaK LLF BaF LF F BaSF SF KzFS SiO2

1.060 µm 1.51519 1.54154 1.50669 1.50091 1.52220 1.55695 1.59490 1.50586 1.57579 1.60402 1.69710 1.52775 1.56873 1.56594 1.58636 1.60889 1.71350 1.59680 1.44968

a

b

At 366.3 nm. At 213.9 nm.

SiO2 70 74 71 60 39 67 51 35 63 46 53 47 43 33

B2O3 3 3 10

Al2O3 10 5

3 15

10

5 2 5

1. Weber, M. J., CRC Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. IV, Part 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL ,1988. 2. Gray, D. E., Ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, Third Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1972. 3. Schott Optical Glass, Schott Glass Technologies, Inc., 400 York Ave., Duryea, PA 18642. 4. Kaye, G. W. C., and Laby, T. H., Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, 15th Edition, Longman, London, 1986.

Composition in percent by mass Na2O K2O CaO BaO 12 5 4 28 8 8 1 3 9 11 6 17 3 10 19 41 16 6 5 20 42 5 8 8 16 5 8 2 7 1 7 11 5

ZnO

PbO

P2O5 70 60

12 5 3 14 8 8

5

12 4 24 22 34 44 33 62

100 Index of refraction 546.1 nm 365.0 nm 1.52736 1.54503 1.55440 1.57342 1.51872 1.53627 1.51314 1.53189 1.53534 1.55588 1.57124 1.59407 1.60994 1.63398 1.51978 1.54251 1.59166 1.61804 1.61993 1.64595 1.71616 1.74573 1.54344 1.57038 1.58565 1.61524 1.58482 1.61926 1.60718 1.64606 1.62987 1.66926 1.74620 1.8145 1.61639 1.64849 1.46008 1.47435a

312.6 nm 1.5574 1.5868 1.5486 1.5454 1.5708 1.6108 1.5600

1.6739 1.53430b

1.060 µm 0.997 0.996 0.999 0.998 0.996 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.996 0.999 0.999 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.997 0.999 0.998

Transmittance of 1 cm plate 546.1 nm 365.0 nm 310 nm 0.998 0.987 0.46 0.998 0.984 0.46 0.998 0.987 0.35 0.998 0.988 0.40 0.998 0.976 0.27 0.997 0.986 0.28 0.998 0.959 0.28 0.996 0.989 0.49 0.998 0.933 0.010 0.998 0.915 0.010 0.998 0.882 0.17 0.997 0.990 0.32 0.997 0.992 0.004 0.998 0.981 0.008 0.998 0.959 0.998 0.857 0.997 0.650 0.998 0.672 0.012

10-249

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Index of Refraction of Water This table gives the index of refraction of liquid water at atmospheric pressure, relative to a vacuum, at several temperatures and wavelengths. It is generated from the formulation in Reference 1, which covers a wide range of temperature, pressure, and wavelength. The wavelengths listed here correspond to prominent lines of cadmium (226.50 and 361.05 nm), potassium (404.41 nm), sodium (589.00 nm), Ne (632.80 nm, from a helium - neon laser), and mercury (1.01398 µm).

t/°C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

487_S10.indb 251

226.50 nm 1.39450 1.39422 1.39336 1.39208 1.39046 1.38854 1.38636 1.38395 1.38132 1.37849 1.37547

361.05 nm 1.34896 1.34870 1.34795 1.34682 1.34540 1.34373 1.34184 1.33974 1.33746 1.33501 1.33239

References 1. Schiebener, P., Straub, J., Levelt Sengers, J. M. H., and Gallagher, J. S., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 19, 677, 1990; 19, 1617, 1990. 2. Marsh, K. N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987.

404.41 nm 1.34415 1.34389 1.34315 1.34205 1.34065 1.33901 1.33714 1.33508 1.33284 1.33042 1.32784

589.00 nm 1.33432 1.33408 1.33336 1.33230 1.33095 1.32937 1.32757 1.32559 1.32342 1.32109 1.31861

632.80 nm 1.33306 1.33282 1.33211 1.33105 1.32972 1.32814 1.32636 1.32438 1.32223 1.31991 1.31744

1.01398 µm 1.32612 1.32591 1.32524 1.32424 1.32296 1.32145 1.31974 1.31784 1.31576 1.31353 1.31114

10-251

4/10/06 11:21:39 AM

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF LIQUIDS FOR CALIBRATION PURPOSES This table gives the index of refraction of six liquids which are available in highly pure form and whose index of refraction has been accurately measured as a function of wavelength and temperature. They are therefore useful for calibration of refractometers. The estimated uncertainty in the values is: 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane ±0.00003 Hexadecane ±0.00008 trans-Bicyclo[4.0.0]decane ±0.00008 ±0.00008 1-Methylnaphthalene Toluene ±0.00003 Methylcyclohexane ±0.00003

λ nm 667.81 656.28 589.26 546.07 501.57 486.13 435.83

20°C 1.38916 1.38945 1.39145 1.39316 1.39544 1.39639 1.40029

λ nm 667.81 656.28 589.26 546.07 501.57 486.13 435.83

20°C 1.46654 1.46688 1.46932 1.47141 1.47420 1.47535 1.48011

λ nm 667.81 656.28 589.26 546.07 501.57 486.13 435.83

20°C 1.49180 1.49243 1.49693 1.50086 1.50620 1.50847 1.51800

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 25°C 1.38670 1.38698 1.38898 1.39068 1.39294 1.39389 1.39776

Full details are given in the references. This table is reprinted from Reference 1 by permission of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

References 1. Marsh, K. N., Editor, Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987. 2. Tilton, L. W., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 32, 71, 1941.

30°C 1.38424 1.38452 1.38650 1.38820 1.39044 1.39138 1.39523

20°C 1.43204 1.43235 1.43453 1.43640 1.43888 1.43993 1.44419

trans-Bicyclo[4.4.0]decane 25°C 30°C 1.46438 1.46222 1.46472 1.46256 1.46715 1.46498 1.46923 1.46705 1.47200 1.46980 1.47315 1.47095 1.47789 1.47567

20°C 1.60828 1.60940 1.61755 1.62488 1.63513 1.63958

Toluene 25°C 1.48903 1.48966 1.49413 1.49803 1.50334 1.50559 1.51506

30°C 1.48619 1.48682 1.49126 1.49514 1.50041 1.50265 1.51206

20°C 1.42064 1.42094 1.42312 1.42497 1.42744 1.42847 1.43269

Hexadecane 25°C 1.43001 1.43032 1.43250 1.43436 1.43684 1.43788 1.44213

30°C 1.42798 1.42829 1.43047 1.43232 1.43480 1.43583 1.44007

1-Methylnaphthalene 25°C 1.60592 1.60703 1.61512 1.62240 1.63259 1.63701 1.65627

30°C 1.60360 1.60471 1.61278 1.62005 1.63022 1.63463 1.65386

Methylcyclohexane 25°C 1.41812 1.41842 1.42058 1.42243 1.42488 1.42590 1.43010

30°C 1.41560 1.41591 1.41806 1.41989 1.42233 1.42334 1.42752

10-251

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5/4/05 8:17:32 AM

INDEX OF REFRACTION OF AIR This is a table of the index of refraction n of dry air at 15°C and a pressure of 101.325 kPa and containing 0.045% by volume of carbon dioxide (“standard air”). The index of refraction is defined by n = λvac/λair where λ is the wavelength of the radiation. The index is calculated from the expression

If the air is at a temperature t in °C (ITS-90) and a pressure p in pascals, a value of (n – 1) from this table should be multiplied by

(n–1) × 108 = 8342.54 + 2406147(130 – σ2)–1 + 15998(38.9 – σ2)–1

References

where σ = 1/λvac and λvac has units of µm. The equation is valid for λvac from 200 nm to 2 µm. The table also gives the correction (n–1)λair which must be added to the wavelength in air to obtain λvac. λvac 200 nm 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530

(n–1) × 108 32409 31748 31226 30801 30447 30148 29892 29670 29477 29307 29157 29023 28904 28796 28700 28612 28532 28460 28393 28332 28276 28224 28177 28132 28091 28053 28018 27985 27954 27925 27897 27872 27848 27825

λvac – λair 0.06480 nm 0.06665 0.06868 0.07082 0.07305 0.07535 0.07769 0.08009 0.08251 0.08497 0.08745 0.08995 0.09247 0.09500 0.09755 0.10011 0.10269 0.10527 0.10786 0.11046 0.11307 0.11569 0.11831 0.12094 0.12357 0.12620 0.12885 0.13149 0.13414 0.13679 0.13945 0.14211 0.14477 0.14743

λvac 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870

(n–1) × 108 27804 27784 27765 27747 27730 27714 27698 27684 27670 27657 27644 27632 27621 27610 27600 27590 27581 27572 27563 27555 27547 27539 27532 27525 27518 27511 27505 27499 27493 27488 27482 27477 27472 27467

p[1 + p(60.1 – 0.972t) × 10–10]/96095.43(1 + 0.003661t)

1. Birch, K. P., and Downs, M. J., Metrologia, 31, 315, 1994. 2. Edlen, B., Metrologia 2, 71, 1966.

λvac – λair 0.15010 0.15277 0.15544 0.15811 0.16079 0.16347 0.16614 0.16882 0.17151 0.17419 0.17688 0.17956 0.18225 0.18494 0.18763 0.19032 0.19301 0.19570 0.19840 0.20109 0.20379 0.20649 0.20918 0.21188 0.21458 0.21728 0.21998 0.22268 0.22538 0.22808 0.23079 0.23349 0.23619 0.23890

λvac 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1.00 µm 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00

(n–1) × 108 27462 27458 27454 27449 27445 27441 27437 27434 27430 27427 27423 27420

λvac – λair 0.24160 0.24431 0.24701 0.24972 0.25243 0.25513 0.25784 0.26055 0.26326 0.26597 0.26868 0.27138

27417 27402 27390 27379 27370 27361 27354 27347 27341 27336 27331 27327 27323 27319 27316 27313 27310 27307 27305 27303 27301

0.0002741 0.0002876 0.0003012 0.0003148 0.0003283 0.0003419 0.0003555 0.0003691 0.0003827 0.0003963 0.0004099 0.0004234 0.0004370 0.0004506 0.0004642 0.0004778 0.0004914 0.0005050 0.0005187 0.0005323 0.0005459

10-252

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5/4/05 8:17:35 AM

CHARACTERISTICS OF LASER SOURCES William F. Krupke Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation was first demonstrated by Maiman in 1960, the result of a population inversion produced between energy levels of chromium ions in a ruby crystal when irradiated with a xenon flashlamp. Since then population inversions and coherent emission have been generated in literally thousands of substances (neutral and ionized gases, liquids, and solids) using a variety of incoherent excitation techniques (optical pumping, electrical discharges, gas-dynamic flow, electron-beams, chemical reactions, nuclear decay). The extrema of laser output parameters which have been demonstrated to date and the laser media used are summarized in Table 1. Note that the extreme power and energy parameters listed in this table were attained with laser systems rather than with simple laser oscillators. Laser sources are commonly classified in terms of the state-ofmatter of the active medium: gas, liquid, and solid. Each of these classes is further subdivided into one or more types as shown in Table 2. A well-known representative example of each type of laser is also given in Table 2 together with its nominal operation wavelength and the methods by which it is pumped.

Parameter Peak power Peak power density Pulse energy Average power Pulse duration Wavelength Efficiency (nonlaser pumped) Beam quality Spectral linewidth Spatial coherence

Class Gas

Liquid

Solid

The various lasers together cover a wide spectral range from the far ultraviolet to the far infrared. The particular wavelength of emission (usually a narrow line) is presented for some six dozen lasers in Figures 1A and 1B. By suitably designing the excitation source and/or by controlling the laser resonator structure, laser systems can provide continuous or pulsed radiation as shown in Table 3. Besides the method of excitation and the temporal behavior of a laser, there are many other parameters that characterize its operation and efficiency, as shown in Tables 4 and 5. Although many lasers only emit in one or more narrow spectral “lines”, an increasing number of lasers can be tuned by changing the composition or the pressure of the medium, or by varying the wavelength of the pump bands. The spectral regions in which these tunable lasers operate are presented in Figure 2.

References Krupke, W. F., in Handbook of Laser Science and Technology, Vol. I, Weber, M. J., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1986.

TABLE 1. Extrema of Output Parameters of Laser Devices or Systems Value Laser medium 1 × 1014 W(collimated) Nd:glass 1018 W/cm2 (focused) Nd:glass >105 J CO2, Nd:glass 105 W CO2 3 × 10-15 s continuous wave (cw) Rh6G dye; various gases, liquids, solids 60 nm ↔ 385 µm Many required 70% CO Diffraction limited Various gases, liquids, solids 20 Hz (for 10-1 s) Neon-helium 10 m Ruby

TABLE 2. Classes, Types, and Representative Examples of Laser Sources Nominal operating Type (characteristic) Representative example wavelength (nm) Method(s) of excitation Atom, neutral (electronic transition) Neon-Helium (Ne-He) 633 Glow discharge Atom, ionic (electronic transition) Argon (Ar+) 488 Arc discharge Molecule, neutral (electronic transition) Krypton fluoride (KrF) 248 Glow discharge; e-beam Molecule, neutral (vibrational transition) Carbon dioxide (CO2) 10600 Glow discharge; gasdynamic flow Molecule, neutral (rotational transition) Methyl fluoride (CH3F) 496000 Laser pumping Molecule, ionic (electronic transition) Nitrogen ion (N2+) 420 E-beam Organic solvent (dye-chromophore) Rhodamine dye (Rh6G) 580–610 Flashlamp; laser pumping Organic solvent (rare earth chelate) Europium:TTF 612 Flashlamp Inorganic solvent (trivalent rare earth ion) Neodymium:POCl4 1060 Flashlamp Insulator, crystal (impurity) Neodymium:YAG 1064 Flashlamp, arc lamp Insulator, crystal (stoichiometric) Neodymium:UP(NdP5O14) 1052 Flashlamp Insulator, crystal (color center) F2–:LiF 1120 Laser pumping Insulator, amorphous (impurity) Neodymium:glass 1061 Flashlamp Semiconductor (p-n junction) GaAs 820 Injection current Semiconductor (electron-hole plasma) GaAs 890 E- beam, laser pumping

10-253

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Characteristics of Laser Sources

10-254

TABLE 3. Temporal Characteristics of Lasers and Laser Systems Technique Excitation is continuous; resonator Q is held constant at some moderate value Excitation is pulsed; resonator Q is held constant at some moderate value Excitation is continuous or pulsed; resonator Q is switched from a very low value to a moderate value Excitation is continuous or pulsed; resonator Q is switched from a very high value to a low value Excitation is continuous or pulsed; phase or loss of the resonator modes is modulated at a rate related to the resonator transit time

Form Continuous wave Pulsed Q-Switched Cavity dumped Mode locked

Parameter Excitation method

b

S10_18.indd 254

10-8 – 10-6 10-7 – 10-5 10-12 – 10-9

TABLE 4. Properties and Performance of Some Continuous Wave (CW) Lasers Gas Liquid Solid Rhodamine 6G Unit Neon helium Argon ion Carbon dioxide dye Nd:YAG GaAs Krypton arc DC injection DC discharge DC discharge DC discharge Ar+ laser pump lamp Rh 6G:H2O Nd:YAG p:n:GaAs Neon:helium Argon CO2:N2:He

Gain medium composition Gain medium density Torr ions/cm3 Wavelength nm cm-2 Laser cross-section Radiative lifetime s (upper level) Decay lifetime (upper s level) nm Gain bandwidth Type, gain saturation Homogeneous W cm-2 saturation flux Decay lifetime (lower s level) cm-3 Inversion density Small signal gain cm-1 coefficient Pump power density W cm-3 Output power density W cm-3 Laser size (diameter: cm:cm length) Excitation current/ A/V voltage Excitation current A cm-2 density Excitation power W W Output power % Efficiency a

Pulse width range (s) ∞ 10-8 – 10-3

Junction thickness:width:length. Pressure dependent.

0.1:1.0

0.4

0.4:0.8:5.0

633 3(-13) ~1(-7)

488 1.6(-12) 7.5(-9)

10600 1.5(-16) 4(-3)

2(18):2(22) 590 1.8(-16) 6.5(-9)

1.5(20):2(22) 1064 7(-19) 2.6(-4)

2(19):3(18):3(22) 810 ~6(-15) ~1(-9)

~1(-7)

~5.0(-9)

~4(-3)

6.0(-9)

2.3(-4)

~1(-9)

2(-3) 5(-3) Inhomogeneous Inhomogeneous

1.6(-2) Homogeneous ~20

80 Homogeneous 3(5)

0.5 Homogeneous 2.3(3)

10 Homogeneous ~2(4)

~ 1(-8)

~4(-10)

~5(-6)

<1(-12)

< 1(-7)

<1(-12)

~ 1(9) ~ 1(-3)

2(10) ~3(-2)

2(15) 1(-2)

2(16) 4

6(16) 5(-2)

1(16) 40

3 2.6(-3) 0.5:100

900 ~1 0.3:100

0.15 2(-2) 5.0:600

1(6) 3(5) 1(-3):0.3

150 95 0.6:10

7(7) 5(6) 5(-4):7(-3);2(-2)a

3(-2):2(3)

30:300

0.1:1.5(4)

90:125

1.0/1.7

0.15

600

6(-3)

140

4.5(3)

60 0.06 0.1

9(3) 10 0.1

1.5(3) 240 13

1.1(4) 300 2.6

1.7 0.12 7

4 0.3 7

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Characteristics of Laser Sources

Parameter Excitation method Gain medium composition Gain medium density Wavelength Laser crosssection Radiative lifetime (upper level) Decay lifetime (upper level) Gain bandwidth Homogeneous saturation fluence Decay lifetime (lower level) Inversion density Small signal gain coefficient Medium excitation energy density Output energy density Laser dimensions Excitation current/voltage Excitation current density Excitation peak power Output pulse energy Output pulse length Output pulse power Efficiency a b

S10_18.indd 255

Unit

torr

10-255

TABLE 5. Properties and Performance of Some Pulsed Lasers Gas Liquid Carbon dixoxide Krypton fluoride Rhodamine 6G TEAE- beam/sust. Glow discharge E-beam Xenon flashlamp discharge CO2:N2:He He:Kr:F2 Ar:Kr:F2 Rh6G:alcohol CO2:N2:He 100:50:600

240:240:320

1070:70:3

Nd:YAG Xenon flashlamp Nd:YAG

1235:52:3

Solid

Nd:glass Xenon flashlamp Nd:Glass –

1(18):1.5(22)

1.5(20):1(22)

3(20):2(22)

249 2(-16)

590 1.8(-16)

1064 7(-19)

1061 2.8(-20)

7(-9)

7(-9)

6.5(-9)

2.6(-4)

4.1(-4)

5(-5)

2(-9)

3(-9)

6.0(-9)

2.3(-4)

3.7(-4)

1 0.2

1 0.2

2 4(-3)

2 4(-3)

80 2(-3)

0.5 0.6

26 ∼5

s

5(-8)a

1(-8)a

< 1(-12)

<1(-12)

<1(-12)

<1(-7)

<1(-8)

cm-3 cm-1

3(17) 2(-2)

6(17) 4(-2)

4(14) 8–92)

2(14) 4(-2)

2(16) 4

4(17) 0.3

3(18) 8(-2)

J/cm3

0.1

0.36

0.15

0.13

2.8

0.15

0.6

J/cm3

2(-2)

1.8(-2)

1.5(-3)

1.2(-2)

0.85

5(-2)

2(-2)

cm: cm: cm A/V

4.5:4.5:87

10:10:100

1.5:4.5:100

8.5:10:100

1.2:25

0.6:7.5

0.6:8.3

6(4)/3.3(3)

2.4(4)/4(4)

2.5(4)/1.5(5)

1.2(4)/2.5(5)

2(5)/2.5(4)

A cm2

8.5

22

170

11.5

2.6(3)

W

2(8)

9(8)

4(9)

3(9)

5.4(9)

4(4)

9(4)

J

35

180

1

102

32

0.1

1.0

s

1(-6)

4(-6)

2.5(-8)

6(-7)

3.2(-6)

2(-8)

1(-4)

W

3.5(7)

4(7)

4(7)

2(8)

1(7)

5(6)

1(4)

%

17

5

1

10b

0.2

1.5

3.7

ions/ cm3 nm cm-2

10600 2(-18)

10600 2(-18)

249 2(-16)

s

4(-3)

4(-3)

s

~1(-4)

nm J/cm2

Pressure dependent. Intrinsic efficiency ≡ energy output/energy deposited in gas.

4/12/05 3:02:08 PM

10-256

Characteristics of Laser Sources

FIGURE 1A. Wavelengths of lasers operating in the 120 to 1200 nm spectral region.

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Characteristics of Laser Sources

10-257

FIGURE 1B. Wavelength of lasers operating in the 1300 to 12,000 nm spectral region.

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4/12/05 3:02:13 PM

10-258

Characteristics of Laser Sources

FIGURE 2. Spectral tuning ranges of various types of tunable lasers.

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4/12/05 3:02:15 PM

INFRARED LASER FREQUENCIES Arthur Maki The CO2 laser has been the subject of a number of very accurate frequency measurements. Most of the earlier measurements are given by Bradley et al.1 That analysis was based on a single absolute frequency measurement and many laser frequency differences. New measurements of the methane frequency2-4 have made it necessary to slightly revise that single absolute frequency measurement. In addition, there have been several other absolute frequency measurements5-7 that have been used here to improve the accuracy of the present tables. New frequency difference measurements have also been added to the database used for the present tables.8

References 1. Bradley, L. C., Soohoo, K. L., and Freed, C., IEEE J. Quantum Electron., QE-22, 234–267, 1986.

2. Clairon, A., Dahmani, B., Filimon, A., and Rutman, J., IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas., IM-34, 265–268, 1985. 3. Weiss, C. O., Kramer, G., Lipphardt, B., and Garcia, E., IEEE J. Quantum Electron., QE-24, 1970–1972, 1988. 4. Bagayev, S. N., Baklanov, A. E., Chebotayev, V. P., and Dychkov, A. S., Appl. Phys., B-48, 31–35, 1989. 5. Blaney, T. G., Bradley, C. C., Edwards, G. J., Jolliffe, B. W., Knight, D. J. E., Rowley, W. R. C., Shotten, K. C., and Woods, P. T., Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A-355, 61–88, 1977. 6. Chardonnet, Ch., Van Lerberghe, A., and Bordé, Ch. J., Opt. Comm., 58, 333-337, 1986. 7. Clairon, A., Acef, O., Chardonnet, Ch., and Bordé, Ch. J., Frequency Standards and Metrology, De Marchi, A., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1989, p. 212. 8. Evenson, K., private communication.

Frequencies for the 00°1-(10°0,02°0)I and 00°1-(10°0,02°0)II Bands of 12C16O2 with the Estimated 2-σ Uncertainties Line P(70) P(68) P(66) P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40) P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18) P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) R(0) R(2) R(4)

Band I frequency (MHz) 26721305.4647 26794232.6712 26866318.8073 26937571.7234 27007998.9216 27077607.5643 27146404.4834 27214396.1873 27281588.8696 27347988.4161 27413600.4119 27478430.1487 27542482.6310 27605762.5826 27668274.4525 27730022.4206 27791010.4036 27851242.0594 27910720.7927 27969449.7593 28027431.8708 28084669.7981 28141165.9762 28196922.6067 28251941.6622 28306224.8888 28359773.8090 28412589.7245 28464673.7184 28516026.6574 28566649.1935 28616541.7661 28665704.6027 28714137.7205 28761840.9272 28832026.2198 28877902.4382 28923046.4303

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.1680 0.1217 0.0867 0.0606 0.0415 0.0279 0.0185 0.0121 0.0081 0.0057 0.0043 0.0036 0.0032 0.0030 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019 0.0017 0.0016 0.0014 0.0012 0.0011 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0006

Line P(70) P(68) P(66) P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40) P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18) P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) R(0) R(2) R(4)

Band II frequency (MHz) 29789856.3783 29861850.7690 29933216.1760 30003944.2861 30074026.9127 30143456.0039 30212223.6504 30280322.0930 30347743.7306 30414481.1273 30480527.0196 30545874.3239 30610516.1429 30674445.7724 30737656.7080 30800142.6511 30861897.5150 30922915.4310 30983190.7534 31042718.0652 31101492.1833 31159508.1631 31216761.3029 31273247.1487 31328961.4978 31383900.4028 31438060.1749 31491437.3872 31544028.8776 31595831.7516 31646843.3843 31697061.4225 31746483.7868 31795108.6724 31842934.5511 31913172.5691 31958996.0621 32004017.3822

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0308 0.0192 0.0122 0.0086 0.0072 0.0066 0.0061 0.0055 0.0049 0.0044 0.0041 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0036 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0034 0.0034

10-259

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Infrared Laser Frequencies

10-260 Line R(6) R(8) R(10) R(12) R(14) R(16) R(18) R(20) R(22) R(24) R(26) R(28) R(30) R(32) R(34) R(36) R(38) R(40) R(42) R(44) R(46) R(48) R(50) R(52) R(54) R(56) R(58) R(60) R(62) R(64) R(66) R(68) R(70)

Band I frequency (MHz) 28967457.0657 29011133.0054 29054072.7010 29096274.3935 29137736.1129 29178455.6759 29218430.6852 29257658.5269 29296136.3689 29333861.1583 29370829.6191 29407038.2491 29442483.3168 29477160.8582 29511066.6733 29544196.3221 29576545.1205 29608108.1360 29638880.1831 29668855.8183 29698029.3350 29726394.7582 29753945.8385 29780676.0464 29806578.5659 29831646.2878 29855871.8032 29879247.3960 29901765.0357 29923416.3695 29944192.7145 29964085.0488 29983084.0036

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0005 0.0003 0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0007 0.0009 0.0010 0.0011 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0013 0.0015 0.0017 0.0019 0.0022 0.0024 0.0027 0.0032 0.0037 0.0042 0.0047 0.0052 0.0058 0.0074 0.0113 0.0186 0.0302 0.0475 0.0720

Line R(6) R(8) R(10) R(12) R(14) R(16) R(18) R(20) R(22) R(24) R(26) R(28) R(30) R(32) R(34) R(36) R(38) R(40) R(42) R(44) R(46) R(48) R(50) R(52) R(54) R(56) R(58) R(60) R(62) R(64) R(66) R(68) R(70)

Band II frequency (MHz) 32048236.2498 32091652.6619 32134266.8917 32176079.4878 32217091.2721 32257303.3386 32296717.0510 32335334.0408 32373156.2044 32410185.7003 32446424.9459 32481876.6140 32516543.6293 32550429.1641 32583536.6340 32615869.6937 32647432.2320 32678228.3665 32708262.4386 32737539.0081 32766062.8469 32793838.9334 32820872.4463 32847168.7576 32872733.4269 32897572.1935 32921690.9701 32945095.8355 32967793.0268 32989788.9322 33011090.0831 33031703.1467 33051634.9172

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 0.0037 0.0038 0.0039 0.0041 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0039 0.0041 0.0045 0.0055 0.0071 0.0099 0.0141 0.0202 0.0288 0.0407 0.0567 0.0780 0.1060 0.1423

Frequencies for the 00°1-(10°0,02°0)I and 00°1-(10°0,02°0)II Bands of 13C16O2 with the Estimated 2-σ Uncertainties P(66) P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40) P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18)

Section 10.indb 260

25523832.1808 25590013.4703 25655543.6502 25720428.2487 25784672.4840 25848281.2771 25911259.2627 25973610.8005 26035339.9857 26096450.6582 26156946.4123 26216830.6053 26276106.3655 26334776.6003 26392844.0030 26450311.0599 26507180.0565 26563453.0836 26619132.0428 26674218.6515 26728714.4479 26782620.7952 26835938.8858 26888669.7451 26940814.2347

0.7836 0.5415 0.3629 0.2339 0.1430 0.0810 0.0405 0.0157 0.0045 0.0079 0.0101 0.0101 0.0090 0.0077 0.0068 0.0063 0.0061 0.0060 0.0058 0.0055 0.0054 0.0054 0.0054 0.0055 0.0055

P(66) P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40) P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18)

28512082.5283 28585121.9396 28657449.4180 28729056.6374 28799935.4147 28870077.7187 28939475.6771 29008121.5846 29076007.9109 29143127.3077 29209472.6164 29275036.8754 29339813.3270 29403795.4243 29466976.8383 29529351.4635 29590913.4252 29651657.0844 29711577.0447 29770668.1566 29828925.5239 29886344.5074 29942920.7308 29998650.0838 30053528.7271

1.2894 0.9194 0.6420 0.4375 0.2897 0.1853 0.1135 0.0659 0.0357 0.0180 0.0090 0.0058 0.0050 0.0044 0.0037 0.0032 0.0029 0.0028 0.0028 0.0031 0.0035 0.0041 0.0046 0.0051 0.0054

5/4/05 8:17:59 AM

Infrared Laser Frequencies Line P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) R(0) R(2) R(4) R(6) R(8) R(10) R(12) R(14) R(16) R(18) R(20) R(22) R(24) R(26) R(28) R(30) R(32) R(34) R(36) R(38) R(40) R(42) R(44) R(46) R(48) R(50) R(52) R(54) R(56) R(58) R(60) R(62) R(64) R(66)

10-261

Band I frequency (MHz) 26992373.0555 27043346.7508 27093735.7083 27143540.1624 27192760.1962 27241395.7431 27289446.5880 27336912.3682 27407012.8882 27453013.4589 27498426.5430 27543251.1200 27587486.0225 27631129.9356 27674181.3963 27716638.7917 27758500.3577 27799764.1770 27840428.1773 27880490.1283 27919947.6395 27958798.1567 27997038.9591 28034667.1551 28071679.6785 28108073.2842 28143844.5432 28178989.8377 28213505.3554 28247387.0838 28280630.8035 28313232.0818 28345186.2652 28376488.4720 28407133.5839 28437116.2372 28466430.8141 28495071.4324 28523031.9357 28550305.8819 28576886.5323 28602766.8393

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048 0.0047 0.0046 0.0045 0.0043 0.0040 0.0037 0.0034 0.0031 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029 0.0030 0.0029 0.0029 0.0028 0.0028 0.0027 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0028 0.0033 0.0046 0.0083 0.0161 0.0301 0.0531 0.0887 0.1419 0.2188 0.3271 0.4763 0.6781 0.9467

Line P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) P(0) P(2) P(4) P(6) P(8) P(10) P(12) P(14) P(16) P(18) P(20) P(22) P(24) P(26) P(28) P(30) P(32) P(34) P(36) P(38) P(40) P(42) P(44) P(46) P(48) P(50) P(52) P(54) P(56) P(58) P(60) P(62) P(64) P(66)

Band II frequency (MHz) 30107553.0955 30160719.9016 30213026.1388 30264469.0839 30315046.2994 30364755.6359 30413595.2335 30461563.5231 30531879.5415 30577664.6138 30622575.1885 30666611.0128 30709772.1257 30752058.8571 30793471.8269 30834011.9425 30873680.3976 30912478.6694 30950408.5159 30987471.9732 31023671.3517 31059009.2327 31093488.4642 31127112.1569 31159883.6793 31191806.6529 31222884.9469 31253122.6730 31282524.1795 31311094.0452 31338837.0736 31365758.2858 31391862.9147 31417156.3972 31441644.3679 31465332.6516 31488227.2557 31510334.3631 31531660.3243 31552211.6497 31571995.0017 31591017.1868

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0055 0.0055 0.0054 0.0054 0.0054 0.0055 0.0056 0.0057 0.0057 0.0056 0.0054 0.0051 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0044 0.0044 0.0044 0.0043 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0043 0.0045 0.0046 0.0048 0.0053 0.0061 0.0077 0.0108 0.0173 0.0295 0.0505 0.0845 0.1366 0.2138 0.3247 0.4800 0.6932 0.9805 1.3619

Frequencies for the 00°1-(10°0,02°0)I and 00°1-(10°0,02°0)II Bands of 12C18O2 with the Estimated 2-σ Uncertainties P(70) P(68) P(66) P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40)

Section 10.indb 261

27045326.3119 27114914.0922 27183635.7945 27251496.4118 27318500.7361 27384653.3618 27449958.6881 27514420.9224 27578044.0828 27640832.0010 27702788.3248 27763916.5206 27824219.8762 27883701.5029 27942364.3379 28000211.1464

0.4540 0.3324 0.2392 0.1688 0.1165 0.0783 0.0510 0.0319 0.0191 0.0108 0.0059 0.0035 0.0028 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024

P(70) P(68) P(66) P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40)

30695237.5856 30755520.2231 30815311.4928 30874607.2084 30933403.2309 30991695.4724 31049479.9009 31106752.5446 31163509.4964 31219746.9183 31275461.0455 31330648.1908 31385304.7490 31439427.2006 31493012.1163 31546056.1605

0.0858 0.0570 0.0364 0.0223 0.0131 0.0075 0.0049 0.0041 0.0040 0.0040 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0039 0.0038 0.0038

5/4/05 8:18:00 AM

Infrared Laser Frequencies

10-262 Line P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18) P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) R(0) R(2) R(4) R(6) R(8) R(10) R(12) R(14) R(16) R(18) R(20) R(22) R(24) R(26) R(28) R(30) R(32) R(34) R(36) R(38) R(40) R(42) R(44) R(46) R(48) R(50) R(52) R(54) R(56) R(58) R(60) R(62) R(64) R(66) R(68) R(70)

Band I frequency (MHz) 28057244.5242 28113466.8992 28168880.5335 28223487.5256 28277289.8118 28330289.1679 28382487.2111 28433885.4012 28484485.0420 28534287.2828 28583293.1193 28631503.3952 28678918.8025 28725539.8830 28771367.0288 28816400.4829 28860640.3403 28904086.5477 28946738.9048 29009228.1702 29049894.0586 29089764.2368 29128837.8426 29167113.8668 29204591.1529 29241268.3964 29277144.1444 29312216.7955 29346484.5984 29379945.6517 29412597.9024 29444439.1458 29475467.0236 29505679.0230 29535072.4755 29563644.5557 29591392.2794 29618312.5023 29644401.9182 29669657.0575 29694074.2853 29717649.7992 29740379.6276 29762259.6274 29783285.4820 29803452.6988 29822756.6072 29841192.3558 29858754.9100 29875439.0495 29891239.3658 29906150.2589 29920165.9352 29933280.4042 29945487.4756

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0022 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019 0.0017 0.0016 0.0015 0.0013 0.0012 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0010 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0014 0.0015 0.0016 0.0018 0.0020 0.0023 0.0028 0.0036 0.0053 0.0082 0.0128 0.0200 0.0307 0.0461 0.0681 0.0985 0.1401 0.1960 0.2702 0.3673 0.4930 0.6540 0.8581

Line P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18) P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) P(0) P(2) P(4) P(6) P(8) P(10) P(12) P(14) P(16) P(18) P(20) P(22) P(24) P(26) P(28) P(30) P(32) P(34) P(36) P(38) P(40) P(42) P(44) P(46) P(48) P(50) P(52) P(54) P(56) P(58) P(60) P(62) P(64) P(66) P(68) P(70)

Band II frequency (MHz) 31598556.0954 31650508.7847 31701911.1970 31752760.4093 31803053.6105 31852788.1043 31901961.3125 31950570.7773 31998614.1649 32046089.2669 32092994.0036 32139326.4254 32185084.7154 32230267.1907 32274872.3041 32318898.6455 32362344.9434 32405210.0652 32447493.0185 32509824.0580 32550648.1723 32590887.7542 32630542.4457 32669612.0295 32708096.4282 32745995.7040 32783310.0573 32820039.8258 32856185.4827 32891747.6358 32926727.0254 32961124.5220 32994941.1249 33028177.9594 33060836.2743 33092917.4394 33124422.9429 33155354.3878 33185713.4894 33215502.0716 33244722.0637 33273375.4969 33301464.5003 33328991.2976 33355958.2027 33382367.6161 33408222.0209 33433523.9780 33458276.1228 33482481.1601 33506141.8605 33529261.0556 33551841.6335 33573886.5352 33595398.7493

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0037 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 0.0038 0.0037 0.0037 0.0036 0.0036 0.0036 0.0037 0.0038 0.0039 0.0041 0.0041 0.0042 0.0042 0.0042 0.0041 0.0041 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0041 0.0043 0.0046 0.0049 0.0056 0.0068 0.0092 0.0134 0.0199 0.0294 0.0427 0.0607 0.0848 0.1165 0.1576 0.2104 0.2775 0.3621 0.4679 0.5992

Fre quencies for the 00°1-(10°0,02°0)I and 00°1-(10°0,02°0)II Bands of 13C18O2 with the Estimated 2-σ Uncertainties P(70) P(68) P(66)

Section 10.indb 262

25967863.7652 26033448.2798 26098273.9159

1.1146 0.8152 0.5860

P(70) P(68) P(66)

28960476.2278 29022326.9578 29083661.3546

0.4069 0.2861 0.1961

5/4/05 8:18:03 AM

Infrared Laser Frequencies Line P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40) P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18) P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) R(0) R(2) R(4) R(6) R(8) R(10) R(12) R(14) R(16) R(18) R(20) R(22) R(24) R(26) R(28) R(30) R(32) R(34) R(36) R(38) R(40) R(42) R(44) R(46) R(48) R(50) R(52) R(54) R(56)

Section 10.indb 263

Band I frequency (MHz) 26162346.4813 26225671.5466 26288254.4494 26350100.2984 26411213.9778 26471600.1504 26531263.2618 26590207.5442 26648437.0195 26705955.5026 26762766.6051 26818873.7378 26874280.1143 26928988.7531 26983002.4809 27036323.9351 27088955.5657 27140899.6384 27192158.2363 27242733.2620 27292626.4396 27341839.3165 27390373.2651 27438229.4843 27485409.0008 27531912.6704 27577741.1795 27622895.0455 27667374.6182 27711180.0803 27754311.4480 27796768.5718 27859189.3155 27899959.0889 27940052.7921 27979469.5315 28018208.2478 28056267.7161 28093646.5448 28130343.1757 28166355.8825 28201682.7706 28236321.7757 28270270.6628 28303527.0249 28336088.2817 28367951.6781 28399114.2823 28429572.9843 28459324.4940 28488365.3390 28516691.8625 28544300.2211 28571186.3823 28597346.1222 28622775.0223 28647468.4672 28671421.6417 28694629.5272 28717086.8993 28738788.3239

10-263 Uncertainty (MHz) 0.4129 0.2844 0.1906 0.1237 0.0772 0.0459 0.0258 0.0138 0.0077 0.0057 0.0055 0.0055 0.0056 0.0056 0.0056 0.0055 0.0054 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047 0.0044 0.0042 0.0040 0.0037 0.0035 0.0033 0.0031 0.0031 0.0031 0.0033 0.0034 0.0036 0.0036 0.0035 0.0033 0.0031 0.0028 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.0023 0.0024 0.0025 0.0026 0.0028 0.0029 0.0029 0.0031 0.0032 0.0032 0.0038 0.0071 0.0148 0.0286 0.0510 0.0852

Line P(64) P(62) P(60) P(58) P(56) P(54) P(52) P(50) P(48) P(46) P(44) P(42) P(40) P(38) P(36) P(34) P(32) P(30) P(28) P(26) P(24) P(22) P(20) P(18) P(16) P(14) P(12) P(10) P(8) P(6) P(4) P(2) P(0) P(2) P(4) P(6) P(8) P(10) P(12) P(14) P(16) P(18) P(20) P(22) P(24) P(26) P(28) P(30) P(32) P(34) P(36) P(38) P(40) P(42) P(44) P(46) P(48) P(50) P(52) P(54) P(56)

Band II frequency (MHz) 29144473.5795 29204757.8761 29264508.5768 29323720.1086 29382386.9988 29440503.8809 29498065.4997 29555066.7172 29611502.5178 29667368.0132 29722658.4475 29777369.2022 29831495.8006 29885033.9125 29937979.3584 29990328.1139 30042076.3132 30093220.2534 30143756.3978 30193681.3793 30242992.0038 30291685.2529 30339758.2870 30387208.4477 30434033.2603 30480230.4356 30525797.8725 30570733.6593 30615036.0750 30658703.5912 30701734.8727 30744128.7785 30806522.5414 30847319.2956 30887476.2168 30926993.0424 30965869.7046 31004106.3298 31041703.2379 31078660.9408 31114980.1420 31150661.7340 31185706.7976 31220116.5992 31253892.5891 31287036.3991 31319549.8396 31351434.8973 31382693.7318 31413328.6728 31443342.2165 31472737.0219 31501515.9074 31529681.8467 31557237.9646 31584187.5329 31610533.9656 31636280.8146 31661431.7650 31685990.6298 31709961.3449

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.1303 0.0833 0.0507 0.0290 0.0152 0.0073 0.0038 0.0032 0.0031 0.0031 0.0034 0.0039 0.0044 0.0049 0.0053 0.0054 0.0055 0.0055 0.0054 0.0053 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0043 0.0044 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0040 0.0041 0.0042 0.0043 0.0043 0.0044 0.0043 0.0043 0.0042 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0040 0.0042 0.0046 0.0057 0.0088 0.0151 0.0261 0.0434

5/4/05 8:18:04 AM

Infrared Laser Frequencies

10-264 Line R(58) R(60) R(62) R(64) R(66) R(68) R(70)

Band I frequency (MHz) 28759728.1540 28779900.5263 28799299.3572 28817918.3393 28835750.9374 28852790.3843 28869029.6768

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.1355 0.2075 0.3078 0.4447 0.6283 0.8707 1.1863

Line P(58) P(60) P(62) P(64) P(66) P(68) P(70)

Band II frequency (MHz) 31733347.9642 31756154.6537 31778385.6867 31800045.4375 31821138.3761 31841669.0622 31861642.1394

Uncertainty (MHz) 0.0693 0.1068 0.1594 0.2317 0.3291 0.4581 0.6268

Frequencies for the 011e1-(111e0,031e0)I and 011e1-(111e0,031e0)II Bands of 12C16O2 with the Estimated 2-Ďƒ Uncertainties P(59) P(57) P(55) P(53) P(51) P(49) P(47) P(45) P(43) P(41) P(39) P(37) P(35) P(33) P(31) P(29) P(27) P(25) P(23) P(21) P(19) P(17) P(15) P(13) P(11) P(9) P(7) P(5) P(3) R(1) R(3) R(5) R(7) R(9) R(11) R(13) R(15) R(17) R(19) R(21) R(23) R(25) R(27) R(29) R(31) R(33) R(35) R(37) R(39) R(41) R(43) R(45)

Section 10.indb 264

26125213.2723 26191576.6703 26257240.7898 26322208.2302 26386481.4313 26450062.6783 26512954.1076 26575157.7109 26636675.3402 26697508.7115 26757659.4084 26817128.8857 26875918.4726 26934029.3751 26991462.6787 27048219.3509 27104300.2431 27159706.0925 27214437.5237 27268495.0505 27321879.0769 27374589.8987 27426627.7040 27477992.5747 27528684.4867 27578703.3113 27628048.8151 27676720.6609 27724718.4080 27841759.7696 27887393.2105 27932349.2934 27976627.0108 28020225.2521 28063142.8031 28105378.3457 28146930.4576 28187797.6116 28227978.1750 28267470.4088 28306272.4666 28344382.3939 28381798.1267 28418517.4902 28454538.1976 28489857.8477 28524473.9240 28558383.7917 28591584.6963 28624073.7602 28655847.9806 28686904.2261