Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-341
HO HO
NH2
O O
3-Methylbenzenemethanol
O
α-Methylbenzenemethanol, acetate
4-Methylbenzenemethanol
O
S
α-Methylbenzenepropanamine
4-Methylbenzenepropanal
OH
O
Cl
S
NH2 O S O
OH
O OH β-Methylbenzenepropanoic acid, (±)
α-Methylbenzenepropanol
NH2 O S O
4-Methylbenzenesulfinic acid
O O S O
4-Methylbenzenesulfonamide
4-Methylbenzenesulfinyl chloride
OH O S O
Methyl benzenesulfonate
2-Methylbenzenesulfonamide
Cl O S O
2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid
SH
2-Methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride
2-Methylbenzenethiol
SH SH
3-Methylbenzenethiol
4-Methylbenzenethiol
N
N
N
N H
1-Methyl-1H-benzimidazole
O O
2-Methyl-1H-benzimidazole
Methyl benzoate
N N
O
N
O
O
O
O
O Methyl 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylate
2-Methylbenzofuran
2-Methylbenzonitrile
3-Methylbenzonitrile
4-Methylbenzonitrile
O
6-Methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
O N
N
N
S
S
NH2 O
O
7-Methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one
S
S
O 3-Methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
6-Methyl-2-benzothiazolamine
2-Methylbenzothiazole
3-Methyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolethione
O N
N
O
O
N
N
NH2
N
N
S 4-(6-Methyl-2-benzothiazolyl)aniline
1-Methyl-1H-benzotriazole
O
O
O
Methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate
O
O
OH
2-(4-Methylbenzoyl)benzoic acid
O
O
1-Methyl-2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1H)-dione
O
O
O
2-Methylbenzoxazole
Cl
2-Methylbenzoyl chloride
Methyl benzoylacetate
O
Cl
3-Methylbenzoyl chloride
3-342
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
C8H7ClO C15H12O4
874-60-2 610-60-6
154.594 256.254
liq cry
-1.5 85
C8H11N
618-36-0
121.180
C14H14 C14H14
713-36-0 620-83-7
182.261 182.261
C9H10O2 C16H14N2O
7775-38-4 6873-15-0
150.174 250.294
C7H12 C13H12
4625-24-5 643-58-3
96.170 168.234
7047 3-Methylbiphenyl
C13H12
643-93-6
168.234
7048 4-Methylbiphenyl
C13H12
644-08-6
168.234
7049 4-Methyl-N,N-bis(4methylphenyl)aniline 7050 Methyl bromoacetate
C21H21N
1159-53-1
287.399
C3H5BrO2
96-32-2
152.975
7051 Methyl 2-bromobenzoate 7052 Methyl 3-bromobenzoate
C8H7BrO2 C8H7BrO2
610-94-6 618-89-3
215.045 215.045
7053 Methyl 4-bromobenzoate
C8H7BrO2
619-42-1
215.045
7054 7055 7056 7057 7058 7059
C5H9BrO2 C5H9BrO2 C5H7BrO2 C6H11BrO2 C4H7BrO2 C5H8
3196-15-4 4897-84-1 1117-71-1 5454-83-1 3395-91-3 598-25-4
181.028 181.028 179.013 195.054 167.002 68.118
No. Name 7038 4-Methylbenzoyl chloride 7039 Methyl benzoylsalicylate 7040 α-Methylbenzylamine, (±)
Synonym 2-(Benzoyloxy)benzoic acid, methyl ester 1-Amino-1-phenylethane
7041 1-Methyl-2-benzylbenzene 7042 1-Methyl-4-benzylbenzene 7043 α-Methylbenzyl formate 7044 1-Methyl-2-benzyl-4(1 H)quinazolinone 7045 1-Methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 7046 2-Methylbiphenyl
Glycosine
Methyl 2-bromobutanoate Methyl 4-bromobutanoate Methyl 4-bromo-2-butenoate Methyl 5-bromopentanoate Methyl 3-bromopropanoate 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
liq
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
226 385
1.168620
1.554720
32
187
0.939515
1.523825
s ctc i H2O; s bz, chl, eth, EtOH s H2O, chl; msc EtOH, eth
6.6 -30
280.5 286
1.002020 0.997620
1.576320 1.571220
-0.2
93.1 255.3
1.011320
1.591420
2.3
272.7
1.018217
1.597220
49.5
267.5
1.01527
132
1.635020
liq 161.5
liq
pl (lig, MeOH) cry (HOAc)
pl
117
32
244 12515 1.68925
lf (dil al), nd 81 (eth)
liq
-113.6
168 186.5 8412 10114 10560, 6212 40.83
liq
1.452020
1.452820 1.425 1.49019 1.363 1.412318 0.680625
1.402925 1.456725 1.49819 1.463020 1.454220 1.420320
7060 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene
Isoprene
C5H8
78-79-5
68.118
liq
-145.9
34.0
0.67920
1.421920
7061 3-Methylbutanal
Isovaleraldehyde
C5H10O
590-86-3
86.132
liq
-51
92.5
0.797720
1.390220
7062 3-Methylbutanamide
Isovaleramide
C5H11NO
541-46-8
101.147
mcl lf (al)
137
226
7063 3-Methyl-1-butanamine
Isopentylamine
C5H13N
107-85-7
87.164
96
0.750520
1.408320
7064 2-Methyl-2-butanamine
C5H13N
594-39-8
87.164
liq
-105
77
0.73125
1.395425
7065 7066 7067 7068
598-74-3 2568-33-4 18936-17-9 625-28-5
87.164 104.148 83.132 83.132
liq
-50
Isobutyl cyanide
C5H13N C5H12O2 C5H9N C5H9N
liq
-101
85.5 202.5 125 127.5
0.757419 0.944820 0.791315 0.791420
1.409618 1.445220 1.393320 1.392720
Isopentyl mercaptan
C5H12S C5H12S
20089-07-0 541-31-1
104.214 104.214
liq liq
119.1 116
0.842020 0.835020
1.444020 1.441220
C5H12S C5H12S C5H10O2
1679-09-0 2084-18-6 623-42-7
104.214 104.214 102.132
liq liq liq
99.1 109.8 102.8
0.812020
1.438520
-127.1 -85.8
0.898420
1.387820
<-80
177
0.93420
1.405120
-29.3
176.5
0.93120
1.403320
215 127.5
0.932720 0.815225
1.404320 1.409220
3-Methyl-2-butanamine 3-Methyl-1,3-butanediol 2-Methylbutanenitrile 3-Methylbutanenitrile
7069 2-Methyl-1-butanethiol, (+) 7070 3-Methyl-1-butanethiol
7071 2-Methyl-2-butanethiol 7072 3-Methyl-2-butanethiol 7073 Methyl butanoate 7074 2-Methylbutanoic acid
(±)-2-Methylbutyric acid
C5H10O2
600-07-7
102.132
7075 3-Methylbutanoic acid
Isovaleric acid
C5H10O2
503-74-2
102.132
C10H18O3 C5H12O
1468-39-9 34713-94-5
186.248 88.148
7076 3-Methylbutanoic anhydride 7077 2-Methyl-1-butanol, (±)
vs eth, bz, EtOH, chl
liq
7078 3-Methyl-1-butanol
Isopentyl alcohol
C5H12O
123-51-3
88.148
liq
-117.2
131.1
0.810420
1.405320
7079 2-Methyl-2-butanol
tert-Pentyl alcohol
C5H12O
75-85-4
88.148
liq
-9.1
102.4
0.809620
1.405220
i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc vs ace, bz, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s EtOH, eth, ace, peth; vs bz, chl vs EtOH vs EtOH
s EtOH, eth, ace vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, eth; vs peth msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace, chl vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH s H2O, EtOH vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc
sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl s H2O; msc EtOH, eth, chl vs eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace sl H2O; vs ace, eth, EtOH s H2O, bz, chl; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
Cl
3-343
O NH2
O O 4-Methylbenzoyl chloride
O α-Methylbenzylamine, (±)
Methyl benzoylsalicylate
1-Methyl-2-benzylbenzene
1-Methyl-4-benzylbenzene
O N O
O
α-Methylbenzyl formate
N 1-Methyl-2-benzyl-4(1H)-quinazolinone
1-Methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
2-Methylbiphenyl
O N 4-Methylbiphenyl
O
4-Methyl-N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline
O
O
O
Br
O Br
3-Methylbiphenyl
O
Br
Methyl bromoacetate
Methyl 2-bromobenzoate
Methyl 3-bromobenzoate
O O O
O Br
Br Methyl 4-bromobenzoate
Br
Methyl 2-bromobutanoate
O Br
O
Methyl 4-bromobutanoate
O
Br
Methyl 4-bromo-2-butenoate
O
Methyl 5-bromopentanoate
O
O Br
O
C
O
Methyl 3-bromopropanoate
3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene
O
NH2
3-Methylbutanal
3-Methylbutanamide
NH2 3-Methyl-1-butanamine
OH NH2 2-Methyl-2-butanamine
NH2
OH
3-Methyl-2-butanamine
N
N
3-Methyl-1,3-butanediol
2-Methylbutanenitrile
3-Methylbutanenitrile
SH
SH
O
3-Methyl-2-butanethiol
O OH
O
SH
2-Methyl-2-butanethiol
2-Methyl-1-butanethiol, (+)
O
O 3-Methyl-1-butanethiol
SH
Methyl butanoate
OH
2-Methylbutanoic acid
3-Methylbutanoic acid
O O
3-Methylbutanoic anhydride
OH OH 2-Methyl-1-butanol, (±)
3-Methyl-1-butanol
OH 2-Methyl-2-butanol
3-344
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7080 3-Methyl-2-butanol, (±)
C5H12O
70116-68-6
7081 2-Methyl-1-butanol acetate
C7H14O2
No. Name
Synonym
Physical Form
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
88.148
112.9
0.818020
1.408920
624-41-9
130.185
140
0.874020
1.404020
-93.1
94.33
0.805120
1.388020
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace; s bz, ctc vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace; s ctc
-137.53
116 114 117; 64119 134 31.2
0.991720 0.984420 0.871020 0.872220 0.650420
1.417020 1.414920 1.447520 1.452820 1.377820
7082 3-Methyl-2-butanone
Methyl isopropyl ketone
C5H10O
563-80-4
86.132
7083 7084 7085 7086 7087
Isovaleryl chloride Tiglic aldehyde Senecialdehyde
C5H9ClO C5H9ClO C5H8O C5H8O C5H10
57526-28-0 108-12-3 497-03-0 107-86-8 563-46-2
120.577 120.577 84.117 84.117 70.133
liq
7088 3-Methyl-1-butene
C5H10
563-45-1
70.133
vol liq or gas -168.43
20.1
0.621325
1.364320
7089 2-Methyl-2-butene
C5H10
513-35-9
70.133
liq
38.56
0.662320
1.387420
nd (eth-lig) 93.5 tcl pr (ethbz) liq
2-Methylbutanoyl chloride, (±) 3-Methylbutanoyl chloride trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal 3-Methyl-2-butenal 2-Methyl-1-butene
liq
mp/˚C
liq
-133.72
7090 cis-2-Methyl-2-butenedioic acid
Citraconic acid
C5H6O4
498-23-7
130.100
7091 3-Methyl-2-butenenitrile 7092 Methyl cis-2-butenoate 7093 Methyl trans-2-butenoate
Methyl isocrotonate Methyl crotonate
C5H7N C5H8O2 C5H8O2
4786-24-7 4358-59-2 623-43-8
81.117 100.117 100.117
7094 cis-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid
Angelic acid
C5H8O2
565-63-9
100.117
7095 trans-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid
Tiglic acid
C5H8O2
80-59-1
100.117
Isopropenyl methyl ketone
C5H8O2 C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H8O C5H7ClO C6H13N3 C5H6 C12H18O C17H27NO
541-47-9 556-82-1 763-32-6 115-18-4 10473-14-0 814-78-8 3350-78-5 543-83-9 78-80-8 122-73-6 24622-72-8
100.117 86.132 86.132 86.132 86.132 84.117 118.562 127.187 66.102 178.270 261.402
C8H14O2 C12H16O2 C8H15ClO2 C8H15ClO2 C5H12O
44914-03-6 94-46-2 62108-69-4 62108-70-7 1634-04-4
142.196 192.254 178.657 178.657 88.148
liq
C5H11NO3 C5H9N C5H8
543-87-3 2978-58-7 598-23-2
133.146 83.132 68.118
18 vol liq or gas -89.7
C5H8O C2H5NO2
115-19-5 598-55-0
84.117 75.067
nd
7117 3-Methyl-9H-carbazole 7118 9-Methyl-9H-carbazole 7119 Methyl chloroacetate
C13H11N C13H11N C3H5ClO2
4630-20-0 1484-12-4 96-34-4
181.233 181.233 108.524
pl (HOAc) nd, lf (al) liq
7120 7121 7122 7123 7124
C4H5ClO2 C8H7ClO2 C8H7ClO2 C8H7ClO2 C5H9ClO2
80-63-7 610-96-8 2905-65-9 1126-46-1 3153-37-5
120.535 170.594 170.594 170.594 136.577
7125 Methyl chlorocarbonate
C2H3ClO2
79-22-1
94.497
7126 Methyl 5-chloro-2hydroxybenzoate 7127 Methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate 7128 Methyl chlorooxoacetate 7129 Methyl 2-chloropropanoate
C8H7ClO3
4068-78-4
186.593
nd (al)
50
C8H6ClNO4 C3H3ClO3 C4H7ClO2
51282-49-6 5781-53-3 17639-93-9
215.592 122.507 122.551
pl (MeOH)
48.5
7096 7097 7098 7099 7100 7101 7102 7103 7104 7105 7106 7107 7108 7109 7110 7111
3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one 3-Methyl-2-butenoyl chloride (3-Methyl-2-butenyl)guanidine 2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne [(3-Methylbutoxy)methyl]benzene 1-[2-(3-Methylbutoxy)-2phenylethyl]pyrrolidine 2-Methylbutyl acrylate 3-Methylbutyl benzoate 3-Methylbutyl 2-chloropropanoate 3-Methylbutyl 3-chloropropanoate Methyl tert-butyl ether
Galegine Isopropenylacetylene Amixetrine
Isopentyl benzoate
tert-Butyl methyl ether
7112 3-Methylbutyl nitrate 7113 2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-amine 7114 3-Methyl-1-butyne
Isopentyl nitrate
7115 2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol 7116 Methyl carbamate
1,1-Dimethylpropargyl alcohol
Methyl 2-chloroacrylate Methyl 2-chlorobenzoate Methyl 3-chlorobenzoate Methyl 4-chlorobenzoate Methyl 4-chlorobutanoate
1.61725
141 118 121
0.944420
1.417520 1.424220
mcl pr or nd 45.5
185
0.983449
1.443447
tab (w)
64.5
198.5
0.964176
1.433076
69.5
197 140 129.9 97 114 98 146 dec 32 236; 11819 1212
1.006224 0.84825
1.441220
0.8220 0.853117 0.852720 1.06525
1.428817 1.422020 1.477020
0.680111 0.90920
1.414020 1.479220 1.497822
160; 4510 261 208 208; 8712 55.0
0.893620 0.99315 1.005020 1.017120 0.735325
1.424020
148 79.5 26.3
0.99622 0.7925 0.666020
1.412221 1.423520 1.372320
1.5 54
104 177
0.861820 1.136156
1.420720 1.412556
208.5 89.34 -32.1
365 343.64; 19512 129.5 1.23620
liq
-42
liq
-28
liq
-54
hyg liq
62.5 -113
-108.6
21 nd or mcl pr 43.5
5251 234 229
1.428920 1.434320 1.366425
1.421820
1.18920
1.442020
174; 554
1.38220 1.129320
1.432120
70.5
1.223120
1.386820
1.45318 1.331620 1.075025
1.418920
dec 249; 12012
119 132.5
s eth sl H2O; vs EtOH s H2O, EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc; vs lig vs H2O; sl eth, chl; i bz, CS2
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH; vs eth s H2O; vs EtOH, eth
vs EtOH vs H2O, EtOH s chl vs eth, EtOH
vs eth, EtOH vs EtOH vs eth, EtOH s H2O; vs EtOH, eth
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs H2O; vs EtOH, eth vs bz, eth vs eth vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH vs eth s EtOH vs EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace msc EtOH, eth; s bz, ctc, chl vs EtOH vs MeOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-345
O
Cl O
OH 3-Methyl-2-butanol, (Âą)
O
2-Methyl-1-butanol acetate
Cl O
3-Methyl-2-butanone
O
2-Methylbutanoyl chloride, (Âą)
3-Methylbutanoyl chloride
HO
O
OH O O
O
trans-2-Methyl-2-butenal
3-Methyl-2-butenal
2-Methyl-1-butene
3-Methyl-1-butene
O OH
O
O Methyl cis-2-butenoate
cis-2-Methyl-2-butenedioic acid
O
O
O N 3-Methyl-2-butenenitrile
2-Methyl-2-butene
Methyl trans-2-butenoate
OH
cis-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid
trans-2-Methyl-2-butenoic acid
OH
O
OH OH
OH
OH 3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid
3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol
3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol
3-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol
NH2
O 3-Methyl-2-butenoyl chloride
O
NH
N H
Cl
O 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one
2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol
(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)guanidine
2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne
[(3-Methylbutoxy)methyl]benzene
N O
O
O O 1-[2-(3-Methylbutoxy)-2-phenylethyl]pyrrolidine
2-Methylbutyl acrylate
3-Methylbutyl benzoate
O
O
3-Methylbutyl 3-chloropropanoate
O
Methyl tert-butyl ether
OH H2N
NH2 O 2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-amine
O
3-Methyl-9H-carbazole
O
O
O
9-Methyl-9H-carbazole
O
O
O
O Methyl chlorocarbonate
Cl Methyl 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoate
Cl
Cl
Methyl 3-chlorobenzoate
OH O
O
O Cl
Methyl 2-chlorobenzoate
O
Methyl chloroacetate
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O Methyl 2-chloroacrylate
3-Methyl-1-butyne
N
O O
3-Methylbutyl 2-chloropropanoate
N H
O
Methyl carbamate
O N
3-Methylbutyl nitrate
O
2-Methyl-3-butyn-2-ol
O Cl
O Cl
O O
O
Methyl 4-chlorobenzoate
O N
O
Methyl 4-chlorobutanoate
O O
Cl Methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate
Cl
O O
O Methyl chlorooxoacetate
O Cl Methyl 2-chloropropanoate
3-346
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C19H14 C19H14 C19H14 C10H10O2
3351-31-3 3697-24-3 1705-85-7 1754-62-7
242.314 242.314 242.314 162.185
lf (bz-peth)
mp/˚C
7130 7131 7132 7133
3-Methylchrysene 5-Methylchrysene 6-Methylchrysene Methyl trans-cinnamate
7134 7135 7136 7137
trans-o-Methylcinnamic acid trans-m-Methylcinnamic acid trans-p-Methylcinnamic acid Methyclothiazide
C10H10O2 C10H10O2 C10H10O2 C9H11Cl2N3O4S2
2373-76-4 3029-79-6 1866-39-3 135-07-9
162.185 162.185 162.185 360.237
cry (EtOH) cry (w)
7138 7139 7140 7141
Methyl cyanate Methyl cyanoacetate Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate Methylcyclobutane
C2H3NO C4H5NO2 C5H5NO2 C5H10
1768-34-9 105-34-0 137-05-3 598-61-8
57.051 99.089 111.100 70.133
unstab gas liq
-30 -22.5
liq
7142 Methyl cyclobutanecarboxylate 7143 2-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene 4,5-Dihydrotoluene 7144 2-Methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4dione 7145 Methylcyclohexane
C6H10O2 C7H10 C7H6O2
765-85-5 1489-57-2 553-97-9
114.142 94.154 122.122
C7H14
108-87-2
98.186
7146 Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
C8H14O2
4630-82-4
7147 α-Methylcyclohexanemethanol
C8H16O
7148 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol 7149 1-Methylcyclohexanol 7150 7151 7152 7153 7154 7155
Methyl trans-3-phenyl-2propenoate
173.3 118.3 161 cry (peth, dil 36.5 al)
cry (EtOH aq)
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility vs EtOH i H2O
261.9
1.04236
1.576622
175 115 198.5 225
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz; sl chl
i H2O, bz, chl; sl MeOH; vs ace, py
-161.5
exp 200.5 472 36.3
1.122525 1.101220 0.688420
1.417620 1.4430 1.386620
69
0.826018 1.0875
1.466218
ye pl or nd
135.5 107.5 sub
liq
-126.6
100.93
0.769420
1.423120
142.196
183
0.995415
1.443320
1193-81-3
128.212
189
0.92825
1.465620
C8H16O C7H14O
34885-03-5 590-67-0
128.212 114.185
752.5 155; 7025
0.907420 0.919420
1.461720 1.459520
C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O
615-38-3 615-39-4 5454-79-5 7443-55-2 7731-28-4 7731-29-5
114.185 114.185 114.185 114.185 114.185 114.185
liq liq liq liq
7 -2.0 -5.5 -0.5 -9.2
165 167.5 168; 9412 167; 8413 173 174
0.936020 0.924720 0.915520 0.921430 0.917020 0.911821
1.464020 1.461620 1.475220 1.458020 1.461420 1.456120
7156 2-Methylcyclohexanone, (±)
C7H12O
24965-84-2
112.169
liq
-13.9
165
0.925020
1.448325
7157 3-Methylcyclohexanone, (±)
C7H12O
625-96-7
112.169
liq
-73.5
169; 6515
0.913620
1.445620
7158 4-Methylcyclohexanone
C7H12O
589-92-4
112.169
liq
-40.6
170
0.913820
1.445120
7159 1-Methylcyclohexene
C7H12
591-49-1
96.170
liq
-120.4
110.3
0.810220
1.450320
7160 3-Methylcyclohexene, (±)
C7H12
56688-75-6
96.170
liq
-115.5
104
0.799020
1.441420
7161 4-Methylcyclohexene
C7H12
591-47-9
96.170
liq
-115.5
102.7
0.799120
1.441420
7162 Methyl 3-cyclohexene-1carboxylate 7163 2-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 7164 3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one 7165 3-Methylcyclopentadecanone
C8H12O2
6493-77-2
140.180
182; 8020
1.013020
1.461020
C7H10O C7H10O C16H30O
1121-18-2 1193-18-6 541-91-3
110.153 110.153 238.408
liq oily liq
178.5 201 329; 1300.5
0.96620 0.969320 0.922117
7166 1-Methyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene 7167 Methylcyclopentane
C6H8 C6H12
96-39-9 96-37-7
80.128 84.159
liq liq
-142.42
73 71.8
0.8120 0.748620
7168 1-Methylcyclopentanol 7169 cis-2-Methylcyclopentanol 7170 2-Methylcyclopentanone
C6H12O C6H12O C6H10O
1462-03-9 25144-05-2 1120-72-5
100.158 100.158 98.142
nd
36
liq
-75
136; 5330 148.5 139.5
0.904423 0.937916 0.913920
7171 3-Methylcyclopentanone, (±)
C6H10O
6195-92-2
98.142
liq
-58.4
144
0.91322
7172 7173 7174 7175 7176
C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H8O C6H8O
693-89-0 1120-62-3 1759-81-5 1120-73-6 2758-18-1
82.143 82.143 82.143 96.127 96.127
liq
-126.5
liq
-160.8
75.5 64.9 65.7 157 157.5
0.774825 0.757225 0.763425 0.980816 0.971220
1.483320 s bz 1.4947520 msc H2O; s bz 1.480217 vs ace, eth, EtOH 1.451220 1.409720 i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig, ctc 1.442923 1.450416 1.436420 s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace 1.432920 s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, HOAc 1.432220 1.421620 1.420920 1.476215 1.471420
Mecrylate
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol, (±) cis-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±) trans-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±) cis-4-Methylcyclohexanol trans-4-Methylcyclohexanol
1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene 4-Methylcyclopentene 2-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one 3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
Muscone
25
-21
vs eth, EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, bz, peth
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth; msc ace, bz, lig i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, chl vs EtOH, eth; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl vs EtOH vs eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH; s eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc i H2O; s eth, bz, ctc vs bz, eth, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-347
O
O
3-Methylchrysene
5-Methylchrysene
6-Methylchrysene
O O
OH
O S H2N O
OH trans-m-Methylcinnamic acid
H N
Cl
trans-p-Methylcinnamic acid
OH
Methyl trans-cinnamate
trans-o-Methylcinnamic acid
Cl N
S O
O
O
O
N
O
O
N
Methyclothiazide
Methyl cyanate
Methyl cyanoacetate
O O
O
N
O
O Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate
O Methylcyclobutane
Methyl cyclobutanecarboxylate
2-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene
2-Methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
OH HO
O
OH
O Methylcyclohexane
α-Methylcyclohexanemethanol
Methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol
1-Methylcyclohexanol
OH OH
cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol
OH
OH
trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol, (±)
OH
cis-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±)
OH
trans-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±)
cis-4-Methylcyclohexanol
O O
trans-4-Methylcyclohexanol
O
2-Methylcyclohexanone, (±)
3-Methylcyclohexanone, (±)
4-Methylcyclohexanone
1-Methylcyclohexene
3-Methylcyclohexene, (±)
O O
4-Methylcyclohexene
O
O
Methyl 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
O
2-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
3-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one
3-Methylcyclopentadecanone
O OH
OH
1-Methyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene
Methylcyclopentane
1-Methylcyclopentanol
O
cis-2-Methylcyclopentanol
2-Methylcyclopentanone
3-Methylcyclopentanone, (±)
O O
1-Methylcyclopentene
3-Methylcyclopentene
4-Methylcyclopentene
2-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
3-Methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
3-348
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
C4H8 C5H8O2 C5H10O C4H10ClNO2S C11H18O2 C11H18O2
594-11-6 2868-37-3 765-42-4 18598-63-5 4493-42-9 7328-33-8
56.107 100.117 86.132 171.646 182.260 182.260
col gas
-177.6
liq cry (MeOH)
-32.1 140.5
0.7 114.9 123.5
0.6912-20 0.984820 1.414419 0.880520 1.431620
710.15 8713, 700.2
0.912822 0.908222
1.487422 1.491822
7183 7184 7185 7186
Methylcyclopropane Methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate α-Methylcyclopropanemethanol Methyl L-cysteine hydrochloride Methyl trans-2,cis-4-decadienoate Methyl trans-2,trans-4decadienoate 2-Methyldecane 3-Methyldecane 4-Methyldecane Methyl decanoate
C11H24 C11H24 C11H24 C11H22O2
6975-98-0 13151-34-3 2847-72-5 110-42-9
156.309 156.309 156.309 186.292
liq liq liq liq
189.3 188.1 187 224
0.736820 0.742220 0.873020
1.415420 1.417720 1.435220 1.425920
7187 7188 7189 7190
Methyl demeton Methyldiborane(6) Methyl 2,3-dibromopropanoate Methyl dichloroacetate
C6H15O3PS2 CH8B2 C4H6Br2O2 C3H4Cl2O2
8022-00-2 23777-55-1 1729-67-5 116-54-1
230.285 41.697 245.898 142.969
ye liq unstab gas
890.15, 1181
1.2020
1.506320
liq
-51.9
206 142.9
1.933320 1.377420
1.512720 1.442920
C8H6Cl2O2 C9H8Cl2O3
2905-69-3 1928-38-7
205.039 235.064
cry
2,4-D methyl ester
38 119
14118
Swep
C8H7Cl2NO2
1918-18-9
220.054
nd
C4H6Cl2O2
3674-09-7
156.996
CH3AsF2
420-24-6
127.954
CH3F2P C8H8O4 C8H8O4 C10H12O4 C3H10O2Si C15H17N3
753-59-3 2150-47-2 2150-44-9 2150-38-1 16881-77-9 55-80-1
84.006 168.148 168.148 196.200 106.196 239.316
No. Name 7177 7178 7179 7180 7181 7182
7191 Methyl 2,5-dichlorobenzoate 7192 Methyl (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetate 7193 Methyl (3,4-dichlorophenyl) carbamate 7194 Methyl 2,3-dichloropropanoate
Synonym
7195 Methyldifluoroarsine 7196 7197 7198 7199 7200 7201
-48.9 -92.9 -77.5 -18
nD
liq, fumes in -29.7 air gas -110 116.5 165 nd (dil al) 60.8
9250, 6310
1.328220
76.5
1.92418
N,N-Dimethyl-o-toluidine N,N-Dimethyl-m-toluidine N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine
C9H13N C9H13N C9H13N
609-72-3 121-72-2 99-97-8
135.206 135.206 135.206
7205 7206 7207 7208
Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropionate Dimethyl(methylthio)borane Dinitolmide 2,3-Dinitrotoluene
C6H12O2 C3H9BS C8H7N3O5 C7H6N2O4
598-98-1 19163-05-4 148-01-6 602-01-7
116.158 87.979 225.159 182.134
7209 1-Methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
C7H6N2O4
121-14-2
182.134
ye nd or mcl 70.5 pr (CS2)
dec 300
1.320871
7210 1-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzene
3,5-Dinitrotoluene
C7H6N2O4
618-85-9
182.134
ye orth nd (HOAc)
93
sub
1.2772111
7211 2-Methyl-1,3-dinitrobenzene 7212 2-Methyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 2,5-Dinitrotoluene
C7H6N2O4 C7H6N2O4
606-20-2 619-15-8
182.134 182.134
orth nd (al) nd (al)
66.0 52.5
285
1.2833111 1.479 1.282111
7213 4-Methyl-1,2-dinitrobenzene
3,4-Dinitrotoluene
C7H6N2O4
610-39-9
182.134
ye nd (CS2)
59.0
7214 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
C7H6N2O5
534-52-1
198.133
ye pr or nd (al)
86.5
7215 4-Methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
2,6-Dinitro-p-cresol
C7H6N2O5
609-93-8
198.133
ye nd (eth, peth)
85
7216 Methyldioctylamine 7217 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxane 7218 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane
N-Methyl-N-octyl-1-octanamine C17H37N C5H10O2 C4H8O2
4455-26-9 1120-97-4 497-26-7
255.483 102.132 88.106
liq
-30.1 -44.5
7219 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane 7220 Methyldiphenylamine
C4H8O2 N-Methyl-N-phenylbenzenamine C13H13N
1072-47-5 552-82-9
88.106 183.249
liq liq
-7.5
4-Methyl-2,4-diphenyl-1-pentene Methyldiphenylsilane Methyldiphenylsilanol 2-Methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridinyl-1propanone 7225 Methyl docosanoate
oran cry
122
liq
-60
liq cry
-84 181 63
6362-80-7 776-76-1 778-25-6 54-36-4
236.352 198.336 214.335 226.273
liq
Metyrapone
C18H20 C13H14Si C13H14OSi C14H14N2O
Methyl behenate
C23H46O2
929-77-1
354.610
nd (ace)
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl ctc; msc chl i H2O; s os s eth s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, ctc
vs ace, eth, EtOH
(Difluoro)methylphosphine
7221 7222 7223 7224
vs eth, EtOH s ace, chl
114
Methyldifluorophosphine Methyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate Methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate Methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate Methyldimethoxysilane 3-Methyl-4’-(dimethylamino) azobenzene 7202 2-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline 7203 3-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline 7204 4-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline
Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Methyl dimethylthioborane 2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide 1-Methyl-2,3-dinitrobenzene
Solubility
-28 sl EtOH, ace 283 61
vs bz, eth, EtOH
194.1 212 211
0.928620 0.941020 0.936620
1.515220 1.549220 1.536620
101.1 71
0.8910
1.390520
1.2594111
15810 114 81.5
0.975820 0.981120
1.442420 1.415920 1.403517
85 293.5
0.9920 1.047620
1.398020 1.619320
8
167 50.5 54
1.442
0.2
172 , 102 93.51 18424, 1483
vs eth, EtOH msc EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc vs eth, EtOH vs ace, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl, bz; vs ace, py sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, CS2 s EtOH, chl s EtOH, bz; vs CS2 i H2O; s EtOH, CS2; sl chl sl H2O, peth; s EtOH, eth, ace, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz sl H2O; vs os vs H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; sl EtOH, MeOH; s ctc
25
0.99 0.99620 1.084025
1.569420
s ctc s ctc, CS2
1.433960
vs eth, EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
3-349
O
O
OH
O O
HS
HCl
O
NH2 Methylcyclopropane
Îą-Methylcyclopropanemethanol
Methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate
Methyl L-cysteine hydrochloride
Methyl trans-2,cis-4-decadienoate
O O Methyl trans-2,trans-4-decadienoate
2-Methyldecane
O Methyl decanoate
O
S
O
Cl
Cl
Methyl 2,5-dichlorobenzoate
O
H
Br
O O
O
Methyl dichloroacetate
O Cl
O
As
Cl
Methyl (3,4-dichlorophenyl)carbamate
F
Methyl 2,3-dichloropropanoate
O
O O
O
O
HO
OH
Methyldifluorophosphine
Methyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate
F
Methyldifluoroarsine
O Si H O
O F
O Cl
Methyl 2,3-dibromopropanoate
Cl
Methyl (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate
Cl
Br
H
O
Cl
OH P
B
H
H N
Cl
O
H
Methyldiborane(6)
O Cl
F
B
H
Methyl demeton
O
4-Methyldecane
O
O O P S O
O
3-Methyldecane
O
OH
Methyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate
Methyl 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate
Methyldimethoxysilane
N N N N
O O
N
3-Methyl-4â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-(dimethylamino)azobenzene
2-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline
O
O B
S
Methyl dimethylthioborane
O
N
N
NH2
N O
N O
O N O
N O
2-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzamide
O
O
N O
3-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline
N
4-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline
O N O O
O
N
O
O N
O
1-Methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene
O N
O O
1-Methyl-2,3-dinitrobenzene
O
O
O N
O
2-Methyl-1,3-dinitrobenzene
O O
4-Methyl-1,2-dinitrobenzene
O N
N
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxane
O
O N
OH O N
O
O
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
O
O
O
O
Methyldioctylamine
N O
1-Methyl-3,5-dinitrobenzene
O
O
2-Methyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene
N O
OH
O N
Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
4-Methyl-2,6-dinitrophenol
N
O
2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane
Methyldiphenylamine
N Si
H
Si
O
OH N
4-Methyl-2,4-diphenyl-1-pentene
Methyldiphenylsilane
Methyldiphenylsilanol
O
O
2-Methyl-1,2-di-3-pyridinyl-1-propanone
Methyl docosanoate
3-350
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7226 Methyl cis-13-docosenoate 7227 Methyl dodecanoate
Methyl laurate
C23H44O2 C13H26O2
1120-34-9 111-82-0
352.594 214.344
7228 2-Methyldodecanoic acid 7229 Methyl eicosanoate
Methyl arachidate
C13H26O2 C21H42O2
2874-74-0 1120-28-1
214.344 326.557
pl lf (MeOH)
7230 (Methyleneamino)acetonitrile 7231 α-Methylenebenzeneacetic acid
Atropic acid
C3H4N2 C9H8O2
109-82-0 492-38-6
68.077 148.159
129 lf (al), nd (w) 106.5
C15H22N2O2
5124-30-1
262.348
liq
C29H44O2
118-82-1
424.658
C15H18N2
1807-55-2
226.317
C16H18ClN3S
61-73-4
319.852
7236 Methylenecyclobutane 7237 Methylenecyclohexane
C5H8 C7H12
1120-56-5 1192-37-6
68.118 96.170
7238 2-Methylenecyclohexanol 7239 Methylenecyclopentane 7240 Methylenecyclopropene
C7H12O C6H10 C4H4
4065-80-9 1528-30-9 4095-06-1
112.169 82.143 52.075
C13H14N2 C15H12O6
1208-52-2 122-25-8
198.263 288.252
C5H4O2 C8H16
108-28-1 1632-16-2
96.085 112.213
C10H16O
471-16-9
C10H16
No. Name
7232 Methylenebis(4cyclohexylisocyanate) 7233 4,4’-Methylenebis[2,6-di- tertbutylphenol] 7234 4,4’-Methylenebis( Nmethylaniline) 7235 Methylene blue
Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4hydroxyphenyl)methane N,N’-Dimethyl-4,4’diaminodiphenylmethane
7241 2,4’-Methylenedianiline 7242 5,5’-Methylenedisalicylic acid
2,4’-Diaminodiphenylmethane
7243 5-Methylene-2(5H)-furanone 7244 3-Methyleneheptane
Protoanemonin
7245 4-Methylene-1isopropylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3ol, [1S-(1α,3β,5α)] 7246 4-Methylene-1isopropylcyclohexene 7247 2-Methylenepentanedinitrile 7248 Methylene thiocyanate 7249 2-Methylene-1,3,3trimethylindoline 7250 N-Methylephedrine, [R-(R*,S*)]
4(10)-Thujene-3-ol
2,4-Dicyano-1-butene Dithiocyanatomethane Fischer’s base
7251 Methylergonovine
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
-1.2 5.2
2205 267
0.870220
1.431920
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s chl, ctc
22 54.5
1531 21510
1.431760
vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl
0.89018
dec 267
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, CS2 1.497020
1.066 154
28940, 25010 s ctc, CS2
dk grn cry or pow (chleth) liq -134.7 liq -106.7
solid stab at -196 lf (bz) 88.5 nd (bz) 243.5
s H2O, EtOH, chl; i eth; sl py 42.2 102.5
0.740120 0.807420
1.421020 1.452320
8313 75.5
0.95520 0.778720
1.484320 1.435520
1.415720
152.233
208
0.948819
1.487125
99-84-3
136.234
173.5
0.83822
1.475422
C6H6N2 C3H2N2S2 C12H15N
1572-52-7 6317-18-6 118-12-7
106.125 130.191 173.254
(1R,2S)-N-Methylephedrine
C11H17NO
552-79-4
179.259
Methylergometrine
C20H25N3O2
113-42-8
339.432
C3H10N2 C3H9NO
109-81-9 109-83-1
74.124 75.109
115 158
0.84125 0.93720
1.439520 1.438520
C7H16O
1860-27-1
116.201
108
0.759415
1.387015
C10H15NO
70715-19-4
165.232
13350
0.950225
1.482025
C6H14O
627-08-7
102.174
83
0.737020
1.37621
C6H14O2 C7H12O3
3944-36-3 51756-08-2
118.174 144.168
137.5 182
0.87920 0.99514
1.407020
20
20
Butyl isopropyl ether
1-Isopropoxy-2-propanol
7259 5-(1-Methylethylidene)-1,3cyclopentadiene 7260 1-Methyl-9H-fluorene 7261 9-Methyl-9H-fluorene
C8H10
2175-91-9
106.165
C14H12 C14H12
1730-37-6 2523-37-7
180.245 180.245
7262 Methyl fluorosulfonate 7263 N-Methylformamide
CH3FO3S C2H5NO
421-20-5 123-39-7
114.096 59.067
pa ye oil
1035 solid
i H2O; s eth, bz, chl s bz, chl
2229
0.727020
7255 2-[2-(1-Methylethoxy)ethyl] pyridine 7256 1-(1-Methylethoxy)propane 7257 1-(1-Methylethoxy)-2-propanol 7258 Methyl 2-ethylacetoacetate
mp/˚C
7311 120
7252 N-Methyl-1,2-ethanediamine 7253 N-Methyl-2-ethanolamine 7254 1-(1-Methylethoxy)butane
Physical Form
1.456120
vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O; s chl i H2O; vs eth, bz, peth s eth
s chl
102 244
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, ace
nd or pl (al, 87.5 eth) pr 172 (MeOH,ace)
11
0.881
155; 49
pr
87 46.5
15515
1.026366
1.61066
col liq liq
-95 -3.8
93 199.51
1.412 1.01119
1.332620 1.431920
7264 Methyl formate
C2H4O2
107-31-3
60.052
liq
-99
31.7
0.9713
7265 Methyl 4-formylbenzoate 7266 2-Methylfuran
C9H8O3 C5H6O
1571-08-0 534-22-5
164.158 82.101
nd (w) liq
63 -91.3
265 64.7
0.913220
sl H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, ace vs ace, eth, EtOH
1.4
20
msc H2O, EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, con sulf vs H2O
1.5474
1.3419
20
1.434220
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl vs H2O, ace, EtOH vs H2O; msc EtOH; s eth, chl, MeOH sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-351
O
O
O
O
OH
O Methyl cis-13-docosenoate
Methyl dodecanoate
2-Methyldodecanoic acid
O OH
O
N
N Methyl eicosanoate
O
O
α-Methylenebenzeneacetic acid
(Methyleneamino)acetonitrile
N
N
C
C
O
Methylenebis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate)
N HO
Cl
OH N H
4,4’-Methylenebis[2,6-di-tert-butylphenol]
N H
N
S
4,4’-Methylenebis(N-methylaniline)
N
Methylene blue
Methylenecyclobutane
NH2
OH
H2N Methylenecyclohexane
2-Methylenecyclohexanol
Methylenecyclopentane
Methylenecyclopropene
2,4’-Methylenedianiline
HO HO
OH O
OH O
OH
O
5,5’-Methylenedisalicylic acid
O
5-Methylene-2(5H)-furanone
4-Methylene-1-isopropylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol, [1S-(1α,3β,5α)]
3-Methyleneheptane
OH S N 4-Methylene-1-isopropylcyclohexene
O
N
S
N
2-Methylenepentanedinitrile
N
N
Methylene thiocyanate
N
2-Methylene-1,3,3-trimethylindoline
N-Methylephedrine, [R-(R*,S*)]
H N OH N H
N H2N
H Methylergonovine
H N
N-Methyl-1,2-ethanediamine
1-(1-Methylethoxy)propane
O
N
1-(1-Methylethoxy)butane
O Methyl 2-ethylacetoacetate
5-(1-Methylethylidene)-1,3-cyclopentadiene
O
O O S F O 9-Methyl-9H-fluorene
Methyl fluorosulfonate
O
2-[2-(1-Methylethoxy)ethyl]pyridine
O
O 1-(1-Methylethoxy)-2-propanol
O
N-Methyl-2-ethanolamine
OH O
H N
HO
O H
1-Methyl-9H-fluorene
O
O N H
N-Methylformamide
H
O
Methyl formate
O Methyl 4-formylbenzoate
O 2-Methylfuran
3-352
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
7267 3-Methylfuran
C5H6O
930-27-8
nD
Solubility
82.101
65.5
0.92318
1.433019
620-02-0
110.111
187; 8926
1.107218
1.526420
C6H6O3
611-13-2
126.110
181.3
1.178621
1.486020
C5H4O3
616-02-4
112.084
7.5
213.5
1.246916
1.471021
i H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl vs ace, eth, EtOH
7268 5-Methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde
C6H6O2
C6H9NO C6H8O2 C6H8O2 C5H6O2
4753-75-7 3857-25-8 4208-64-4 591-12-8
111.141 112.127 112.127 98.101
18
149 dec 195; 8123 162.5 5612
0.98925 1.076920 1.073925 1.08420
1.472920 1.485320 1.482715 1.447620
7275 5-Methyl-2(5H)-furanone
C5H6O2
591-11-7
98.101
<-17
209; 9815
1.081020
1.445420
7276 7277 7278 7279
CH6Ge C7H14O6 C7H14O6 C6H10O4
1449-65-6 709-50-2 97-30-3 626-51-7
90.70 194.182 194.182 146.141
-158 109 168 87
-23
7280 Methyl Green 7281 Methyl heptadecanoate
C27H35BrClN3 C18H36O2
14855-76-6 1731-92-6
516.944 284.478
grn pow (al) pl (al) 30
1859, 1520.05
7282 Methyl heptafluorobutanoate
C5H3F7O2
356-24-1
228.066
liq
-86
80
1.48320
1.29520
C8H19N C8H19N C8H18
5984-58-7 540-43-2 592-27-8
129.244 129.244 114.229
visc liq
0.76725
1.420920
liq
-109.02
155 155 117.66
0.698020
1.394920
7286 3-Methylheptane
C8H18
589-81-1
114.229
col liq
-120.48
118.9
0.701725
1.396125
7287 4-Methylheptane
C8H18
589-53-7
114.229
liq
-121.0
117.72
0.704620
1.397920
7288 Methyl heptanoate
C8H16O2
106-73-0
144.212
liq
-56
174
0.881520
1.415220
7289 7290 7291 7292 7293
C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O
111675-77-5 1070-32-2 817-91-4 111767-95-4 1653-40-3
130.228 130.228 130.228 130.228 130.228
col liq liq
-112 -90
col liq liq
-104 -106
175.6 186; 10120 188 186.6 188; 95.820
0.802220 0.82424 0.806525 0.815325 0.817625
1.42420 1.429525 1.425325 1.427225 1.425125
7294 2-Methyl-2-heptanol
C8H18O
625-25-2
130.228
liq
-50.4
156
0.814220
1.425020
7295 3-Methyl-2-heptanol
C8H18O
31367-46-1
130.228
166.1
0.817725
1.419925
7296 7297 7298 7299
C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O
56298-90-9 54630-50-1 4730-22-7 100296-26-2
130.228 130.228 130.228 130.228
col liq liq liq liq
-102 -61 -105 -85
171.6 170 174 167.5
0.802720 0.817421 0.821820 0.823520
1.42420
C8H18O
5582-82-1
130.228
liq
-83
163
0.828220
1.427920
C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O
14979-39-6 18720-65-5 100295-85-0 21570-35-4 1838-73-9
130.228 130.228 130.228 130.228 130.228
liq liq col liq liq liq
-123 -91.2 -61 -81
170 172 169 164 164.7
0.82725 0.842525 0.822020 0.820720 0.832925
1.430020 1.43324 1.425420 1.4203 1.421125
7306 4-Methyl-4-heptanol
C8H18O
598-01-6
130.228
liq
-82
161
0.824820
1.425820
7307 6-Methyl-2-heptanol acetate 7308 6-Methyl-2-heptanone
C10H20O2 C8H16O
67952-57-2 928-68-7
172.265 128.212
187 167
0.847420 0.815120
1.41320 1.416220
7309 5-Methyl-3-heptanone 7310 6-Methyl-3-heptanone
C8H16O C8H16O
541-85-5 624-42-0
128.212 128.212
161 164
0.830420
1.420920
C8H16O
626-33-5
128.212
154
0.81322
No. Name
7269 Methyl 2-furancarboxylate
Synonym
Methyl 2-furanoate
7270 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione 7271 7272 7273 7274
N-Methyl-2-furanmethanamine 5-Methyl-2-furanmethanol α-Methyl-2-furanmethanol 5-Methyl-2(3H)-furanone
Methylgermane Methyl β-D-glucopyranoside Methyl α-D-glucopyranoside 3-Methylglutaric acid
7283 6-Methyl-2-heptanamine, (±) 7284 N-Methyl-2-heptanamine 7285 2-Methylheptane
2-Methyl-1-heptanol, (±) 3-Methyl-1-heptanol 4-Methyl-1-heptanol 5-Methyl-1-heptanol, (±) 6-Methyl-1-heptanol
Octodrine
Isooctyl alcohol
4-Methyl-2-heptanol 5-Methyl-2-heptanol 6-Methyl-2-heptanol 2-Methyl-3-heptanol, (±)
7300 3-Methyl-3-heptanol 7301 7302 7303 7304 7305
α-Methylglucoside 3-Methylpentanedioic acid
2-Ethyl-2-hexanol
4-Methyl-3-heptanol 5-Methyl-3-heptanol 6-Methyl-3-heptanol, (±) 2-Methyl-4-heptanol 3-Methyl-4-heptanol
7311 2-Methyl-4-heptanone
Isobutyl propyl ketone
Physical Form
nd
col gas orth nd (al)
liq
mp/˚C
2000.2 1660.5
1.4630
1.423810 1.426520
vs eth, EtOH s H2O, EtOH, eth, CS2; sl ctc msc H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O vs H2O s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl bz, chl; i lig vs H2O i H2O; s EtOH, ace, ctc; vs eth, bz sl H2O; s eth, ace
i H2O; msc EtOH, ace, bz; s eth, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth; msc ace, bz, chl i H2O; s eth; msc EtOH, ace, bz sl H2O, ctc, ace; s EtOH, eth
vs EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc
vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc vs EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; msc ace, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-Methylfuran
O
O
O
O
O
3-353
O
O
5-Methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde
Methyl 2-furancarboxylate
O
O
H N
O
3-Methyl-2,5-furandione
N-Methyl-2-furanmethanamine
HO
O
OH
O
α-Methyl-2-furanmethanol
5-Methyl-2-furanmethanol
O
O
OH
O
5-Methyl-2(3H)-furanone
O
5-Methyl-2(5H)-furanone
N
O O
H Ge H H
OH HO OH Methyl β-D-glucopyranoside
Methylgermane
N Cl
HO O OH HO
O
O OH
HO
Methyl α-D-glucopyranoside
F F F F
O
O N
OH 3-Methylglutaric acid
O
Methyl Green
Methyl heptadecanoate
O NH2
O F
Br
HN
F F
Methyl heptafluorobutanoate
6-Methyl-2-heptanamine, (±)
N-Methyl-2-heptanamine
2-Methylheptane
O
OH OH
OH
O 4-Methylheptane
3-Methylheptane
Methyl heptanoate
2-Methyl-1-heptanol, (±)
3-Methyl-1-heptanol
4-Methyl-1-heptanol
OH OH
OH
OH
OH 5-Methyl-1-heptanol, (±)
6-Methyl-1-heptanol
2-Methyl-2-heptanol
3-Methyl-2-heptanol
4-Methyl-2-heptanol
OH OH OH 5-Methyl-2-heptanol
6-Methyl-2-heptanol
OH
OH
OH
2-Methyl-3-heptanol, (±)
3-Methyl-3-heptanol
4-Methyl-3-heptanol
5-Methyl-3-heptanol
OH OH
O
OH
O
OH 6-Methyl-3-heptanol, (±)
2-Methyl-4-heptanol
3-Methyl-4-heptanol
4-Methyl-4-heptanol
O
O O
6-Methyl-2-heptanone
6-Methyl-2-heptanol acetate
5-Methyl-3-heptanone
O 6-Methyl-3-heptanone
2-Methyl-4-heptanone
3-354
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
7312 2-Methyl-1-heptene 7313 6-Methyl-1-heptene 7314 2-Methyl-2-heptene
C8H16 C8H16 C8H16
15870-10-7 5026-76-6 627-97-4
112.213 112.213 112.213
liq
-90
119.3 113.2 122.6
0.710425 0.707925 0.720025
1.412320 1.407020 1.417020
cis-3-Methyl-2-heptene 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol 3-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 2-Methylheptyl acetate, (±) 2-Methyl-1,5-hexadiene Methyl trans,trans-2,4hexadienoate 7322 2-Methylhexanal 7323 3-Methylhexanal
22768-19-0 1569-60-4 38552-72-6 110-93-0 74112-36-0 4049-81-4 689-89-4
112.213 128.212 126.196 126.196 172.265 96.170 126.153
122 175 6320
Methyl sorbate
C8H16 C8H16O C8H14O C8H14O C10H20O2 C7H12 C7H10O2
195 88.1 180; 7020
0.72525 0.854520 0.846318 0.854616 0.862614 0.715325 0.977720
1.41920 1.450520 1.434518 1.444520 1.414620 1.418320 1.502522
3-Methylcaproaldehyde
C7H14O C7H14O
925-54-2 19269-28-4
114.185 114.185
141; 13260 143
0.820320
1.412220
7324 3-Methyl-1-hexanamine 7325 4-Methyl-2-hexanamine
C7H17N C7H17N
65530-93-0 105-41-9
115.217 115.217
149; 6745 132.5
0.77226 0.765520
1.424925 1.415025
7326 2-Methylhexane
C7H16
591-76-4
100.202
liq
-118.2
90.04
0.678720
1.384820
7327 3-Methylhexane
C7H16
78918-91-9
100.202
liq
-119.4
92
0.68721
1.385425
C7H12O2 C7H14O2
13706-86-0 106-70-7
128.169 130.185
liq
-71
138 149.5
0.90822 0.884620
1.411920 1.404920
7330 2-Methylhexanoic acid
C7H14O2
4536-23-6
130.185
215.5
0.91820
1.419320
7331 2-Methyl-1-hexanol, (±) 7332 5-Methyl-1-hexanol 7333 2-Methyl-2-hexanol
C7H16O C7H16O C7H16O
111768-04-8 116.201 627-98-5 116.201 625-23-0 116.201
164; 7115 169; 5415 143
0.82620 0.819224 0.811920
1.422620 1.417520 1.417520
7334 3-Methyl-2-hexanol
C7H16O
2313-65-7
116.201
151; 8052
0.822025
1.419818
7335 5-Methyl-2-hexanol
C7H16O
627-59-8
116.201
151; 7828
0.81420
1.418020
7336 3-Methyl-3-hexanol
C7H16O
597-96-6
116.201
143
0.823320
1.423120
No. Name
7315 7316 7317 7318 7319 7320 7321
7328 5-Methyl-2,3-hexanedione 7329 Methyl hexanoate
Synonym
2-Methylhexa-4,5-dione Methyl caproate
173.5 liq lf
-128.8 15
liq
7337 5-Methyl-2-hexanone
Methyl isopentyl ketone
C7H14O
110-12-3
114.185
144
0.88820
1.406220
7338 2-Methyl-3-hexanone
Propyl isopropyl ketone
C7H14O
7379-12-6
114.185
135
0.809120
1.404220
C7H15NO C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H12O2 C7H12O C7H12O
624-44-2 6094-02-6 3404-61-3 3769-23-1 3524-73-0 2738-19-4 10574-36-4 3683-19-0 3683-22-5 13151-17-2 7385-82-2 15840-60-5 692-24-0 4914-89-0 3899-36-3 2396-78-3 5166-53-0 3240-09-3
129.200 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 98.186 128.169 112.169 112.169
195.5 92 83.9 86.7 85.3 95.4 95.6 86.3 87.6 89.5 88.1 86 85.9 95.4 93.5 6734 7750, 6513 150
0.888120 0.700020 0.687125 0.694225 0.687725 0.703825 0.71220 0.695225 0.692525 0.69725 0.688325 0.69025 0.685325 0.707925 0.705025 0.913225 0.854928 0.846020
1.444820 1.403520 1.396520 1.400020 1.396720 1.410620 1.412620 1.402620 1.402520 1.40420 1.400620 1.40120 1.400120 1.412620 1.410920 1.424023 1.439522 1.434820
7357 5-Methyl-1-hexyne
C7H12
2203-80-7
96.170
liq
-125
92
0.727420
1.4059-20
7358 5-Methyl-2-hexyne
C7H12
53566-37-3
96.170
liq
-92.9
102.5
0.737820
1.417620
7359 2-Methyl-3-hexyne
C7H12
36566-80-0
96.170
liq
-116.7
95.2
0.726320
1.412020
7360 Methyl 2-hexynoate
C7H10O2
18937-79-6
126.153
8023
0.964825
7339 7340 7341 7342 7343 7344 7345 7346 7347 7348 7349 7350 7351 7352 7353 7354 7355 7356
5-Methyl-2-hexanone oxime 2-Methyl-1-hexene 3-Methyl-1-hexene 4-Methyl-1-hexene 5-Methyl-1-hexene 2-Methyl-2-hexene cis-3-Methyl-2-hexene cis-4-Methyl-2-hexene trans-4-Methyl-2-hexene cis-5-Methyl-2-hexene trans-5-Methyl-2-hexene cis-2-Methyl-3-hexene trans-2-Methyl-3-hexene cis-3-Methyl-3-hexene trans-3-Methyl-3-hexene Methyl 3-hexenoate 5-Methyl-3-hexen-2-one 5-Methyl-5-hexen-2-one
2-Oxo-5-methylhex-3-ene
liq
-102.8
liq
-141.5
liq liq
-130.4 -118.5
liq
-125.7
liq
-124.3
liq
-141.6
Solubility
i H2O; s eth, bz, ctc, chl
vs eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl, dil acid i H2O; s EtOH; msc eth, ace, bz, lig, chl i H2O; s EtOH; msc eth, ace, bz, lig, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz, ctc vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace sl H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc sl H2O; msc EtOH; vs ace, bz; s ctc s EtOH, eth, chl; vs ace sl chl
vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, peth i H2O; s eth, ace, bz, chl, peth vs bz, eth, chl, peth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
2-Methyl-1-heptene
3-355
6-Methyl-1-heptene
2-Methyl-2-heptene
cis-3-Methyl-2-heptene
O
O
OH
O
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol
3-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one
O
6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one
2-Methylheptyl acetate, (±)
O O
O 2-Methyl-1,5-hexadiene
Methyl trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate
O
2-Methylhexanal
3-Methylhexanal
O
NH2
NH2 3-Methyl-1-hexanamine
O
4-Methyl-2-hexanamine
2-Methylhexane
3-Methylhexane
5-Methyl-2,3-hexanedione
O
O
OH
OH
O Methyl hexanoate
2-Methylhexanoic acid
OH
2-Methyl-1-hexanol, (±)
5-Methyl-1-hexanol
OH OH
OH
OH
2-Methyl-2-hexanol
3-Methyl-2-hexanol
5-Methyl-2-hexanol
O 3-Methyl-3-hexanol
5-Methyl-2-hexanone
O N 2-Methyl-3-hexanone
OH
5-Methyl-2-hexanone oxime
5-Methyl-1-hexene
2-Methyl-2-hexene
cis-5-Methyl-2-hexene
2-Methyl-1-hexene
cis-3-Methyl-2-hexene
trans-5-Methyl-2-hexene
cis-2-Methyl-3-hexene
3-Methyl-1-hexene
cis-4-Methyl-2-hexene
trans-2-Methyl-3-hexene
4-Methyl-1-hexene
trans-4-Methyl-2-hexene
cis-3-Methyl-3-hexene
O O trans-3-Methyl-3-hexene
Methyl 3-hexenoate
O 5-Methyl-3-hexen-2-one
O 5-Methyl-5-hexen-2-one
O O 5-Methyl-1-hexyne
5-Methyl-2-hexyne
2-Methyl-3-hexyne
Methyl 2-hexynoate
3-356
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
7361 L-1-Methylhistidine 7362 L-3-Methylhistidine 7363 Methylhydrazine
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C7H11N3O2 C7H11N3O2 CH6N2
332-80-9 368-16-1 60-34-4
169.181 169.181 46.072
pl (DMF aq) 249 250 liq -52.36
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
87.5
nD
Solubility
1.432520
s H2O, eth, ctc; msc EtOH; i lig s H2O, EtOH; sl bz; i peth s H2O vs H2O, bz, eth, EtOH s H2O; msc EtOH, eth s EtOH, bz, peth; sl chl sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace; s tfa vs eth, EtOH
73
10812
58 -72
15120, 1224 86; 3965
1.996715
149; 5217
1.167718
nd (bz-peth) 73
281; 17817
1.1528100
152.148
nd (dil al)
dec 275
76-89-1
242.270
mcl or tcl cry 75.8 (al)
CH5NO CH6ClNO
67-62-9 593-56-6
47.057 83.518
pr
150.0
C9H10O4
3943-74-6
182.173
nd (dil al)
64
286
C9H10O3
23287-26-5
166.173
29
235
1.168325
1.535416
C9H10O3
22717-57-3
166.173
-1
244.5
1.167325
1.535115
C5H10O3
2110-78-3
118.131
Methyl 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate C12H10O3
883-99-8
202.205
(±)-Methyl mandelate
C9H10O3
4358-87-6
C4H6N2
7364 Methyl hydrazinecarboxylate
Methyl carbazate
C2H6N2O2
6294-89-9
90.081
7365 Methyl hydrogen succinate 7366 Methyl hydroperoxide
Monomethyl succinate Methyl hydrogen peroxide
C5H8O4 CH4O2
3878-55-5 3031-73-0
132.116 48.042
7367 Methyl hydroxyacetate
C3H6O3
96-35-5
90.078
7368 Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate
C8H8O3
19438-10-9
152.148
C8H8O3
99-76-3
7370 Methyl α-hydroxydiphenylacetate Methyl diphenylglycolate
C15H14O3
7371 O-Methylhydroxylamine 7372 O-Methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride 7373 Methyl 4-hydroxy-3methoxybenzoate 7374 Methyl 2-hydroxy-3methylbenzoate 7375 Methyl 2-hydroxy-5methylbenzoate 7376 Methyl 2-hydroxy-2methylpropanoate 7377 Methyl 3-hydroxy-2naphthalenecarboxylate 7378 Methyl α-hydroxyphenylacetate, (±) 7379 1-Methylimidazol
7369 Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
mp/˚C
Methylparaben
Methoxyamine Methoxyamine hydrochloride
Methyl 2-methyllactate
liq
131
1.364115
18713 49
liq
vs H2O, EtOH s EtOH, peth; sl chl
1.405620
137
vs H2O, EtOH
206
i H2O; s EtOH
166.173
pa ye orth nd 75.5 (dil MeOH) pl (bz-lig) 58
dec 250; 14420 1.175620
vs EtOH, chl
616-47-7
82.104
liq
-6
195.5
1.032520
1.497020
C4H6N2 C4H6N2 C5H9NO4
693-98-1 822-36-6 4408-64-4
82.104 82.104 147.130
267 263
1.041614
1.503714
cry (w)
144 56 226
7383 1-Methyl-1H-indene 7384 2-Methyl-1H-indene
C10H10 C10H10
767-59-9 2177-47-1
130.186 130.186
199; 8215 208
0.97025 0.97425
1.561620 1.565220
7385 3-Methyl-1H-indene
C10H10
767-60-2
130.186
198
0.97225
1.562120
7386 1-Methyl-1H-indole
C9H9N
603-76-9
131.174
237
1.070725
7387 2-Methyl-1H-indole
C9H9N
95-20-5
131.174
272
1.0720
C9H9N
83-34-1
131.174
7389 5-Methyl-1H-indole
C9H9N
614-96-0
131.174
60
267
1.020278
7390 7-Methyl-1H-indole 7391 Methyl 2-iodobenzoate 7392 Methyl 3-iodobenzoate
C9H9N C8H7IO2 C8H7IO2
933-67-5 610-97-9 618-91-7
131.174 262.045 262.045
85
1.0202100
7393 Methyl 4-iodobenzoate 7394 5-Methyl-1,3-isobenzofurandione 7395 Methyl isobutanoate
C8H7IO2 C9H6O3 C5H10O2
619-44-3 19438-61-0 547-63-7
7396 Methyl isocyanate 7397 2-Methyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)dione 7398 Methyl isopentanoate
C2H3NO C9H7NO2 C6H12O2
7380 2-Methyl-1H-imidazole 7381 4-Methyl-1H-imidazole 7382 N-Methyliminodiacetic acid
7388 3-Methyl-1H-indole
N-(Carboxymethyl)-Nmethylglycine
Skatole
Methyl isovalerate
7399 6-Methyl-N-isopentyl-2Octamylamine heptanamine 7400 2-Methyl-5-isopropylaniline 7401 α-Methyl-43-p-Cumenyl-2isopropylbenzenepropanal methylpropionaldehyde 7402 2-Methyl-5isopropylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene
80
pl (dil al) nd 61 or lf (w) lf (lig) 97.5
266
nd (dil al)
54.5
266 280; 14616 277; 15018
262.045 162.142 102.132
nd (eth-al)
114.8 93.0 -84.7
sub 295 92.5
2.020010
624-83-9 550-44-7
57.051 161.158
liq nd (al), lf (sub)
-45 134
556-24-1
116.158
C13H29N
502-59-0
199.376
C10H15N C13H18O
2051-53-8 103-95-7
149.233 190.281
C10H16
2867-05-2
136.234
liq
-16
i H2O; s eth, ace, bz i H2O; s eth, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, lig
1.605220
s EtOH i H2O, lig; s EtOH; vs eth, ace s EtOH, eth
0.890620
1.384020
38.3 286
0.958820
1.369420
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, ctc vs H2O i H2O; sl EtOH
116.5
0.880820
1.392720
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace
241 270; 13599
0.994220 0.945920
1.538720 1.506820
s ctc, CS2 vs bz, eth, EtOH
151
0.830120
1.451520
100 liq
vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH s H2O; i EtOH, eth
7
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
3-357
O
HO
N NH2
HO
N NH2
N
L-1-Methylhistidine
H N
H2N
N
L-3-Methylhistidine
H2N
O
O
O
O
Methylhydrazine
O
Methyl hydrazinecarboxylate
O O
OH
H N
Methyl hydrogen succinate
O
O
O HO
O
O O
HO
OH
Methyl hydroperoxide
O
OH
Methyl hydroxyacetate
OH
Methyl 3-hydroxybenzoate
Methyl α-hydroxydiphenylacetate
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
O
O O
O
O
NH2
O-Methylhydroxylamine
O
O OH
O NH2 HCl
OH
O-Methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride
Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate
O
Methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoate
O O
OH HO Methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoate
O
1-Methylimidazol
O
N O
N H
2-Methyl-1H-imidazole
O N
HO
4-Methyl-1H-imidazole
OH
N-Methyliminodiacetic acid
3-Methyl-1H-indene
1-Methyl-1H-indole
1-Methyl-1H-indene
N H
N 2-Methyl-1H-indene
Methyl α-hydroxyphenylacetate, (±)
Methyl 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate
N H
N
O
OH
Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate
N
N
OH O
2-Methyl-1H-indole
N H 3-Methyl-1H-indole
O O N H 5-Methyl-1H-indole
O
O I
N H
I
7-Methyl-1H-indole
Methyl 2-iodobenzoate
Methyl 3-iodobenzoate
O O O 5-Methyl-1,3-isobenzofurandione
O
O
I Methyl 4-iodobenzoate
O O
N O
N C O
Methyl isobutanoate
Methyl isocyanate
O 2-Methyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
O O Methyl isopentanoate
O NH2
N H 6-Methyl-N-isopentyl-2-heptanamine
2-Methyl-5-isopropylaniline
α-Methyl-4-isopropylbenzenepropanal
2-Methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene
3-358
No. Name 7403 2-Methyl-5-isopropyl-2,5cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione 7404 cis-1-Methyl-4isopropylcyclohexane 7405 trans-1-Methyl-4isopropylcyclohexane 7406 1-Methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexanol 7407 5-Methyl-2isopropylcyclohexanol, [1 S(1α,2β,5α)]7408 5-Methyl-2isopropylcyclohexanol, [1 R(1α,2β,5α)]7409 5-Methyl-2isopropylcyclohexanol, [1 S(1α,2α,5β)]7410 5-Methyl-2isopropylcyclohexanol, [1S(1α,2β,5β)]7411 5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol acetate, [1R-(1α,2α,5β)] 7412 cis-5-Methyl-2isopropylcyclohexanone 7413 trans-5-Methyl-2isopropylcyclohexanone, (2S)
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C10H12O2
490-91-5
164.201
C10H20
6069-98-3
140.266
trans-p-Menthane
C10H20
1678-82-6
140.266
(+)-Menthol
C10H20O C10H20O
21129-27-1 15356-60-2
156.265 156.265
(-)-Menthol
C10H20O
2216-51-5
156.265
(+)-Neomenthol
C10H20O
2216-52-6
(+)-Isomenthol
C10H20O
Physical Form
liq
bp/˚C
45.5
232
-89.9
172
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility s chl
0.803920
1.443120
20
20
-86.3
170.6
0.7928
208.5 1039
0.9020
39
nd (MeOH)
43
216
0.90315
1.46022
156.265
oil
-22
211.7
0.89722
1.460020
23283-97-8
156.265
nd(dil al)
82.5
218
C12H22O2
2623-23-6
198.302
222; 10910
0.924420
1.446920
Menthone
C10H18O
491-07-6
154.249
205; 8915
0.899520
1.452720
l-Menthone
C10H18O
14073-97-3
154.249
207
0.895420
1.450520
C10H18 C10H18O
5502-88-5 491-04-3
138.250 154.249
174.5 9715.5
0.845715 0.911925
1.473520 1.472925
C10H18O
562-74-3
154.249
209
0.92620
1.478519
C14H26O3
579-94-2
242.354
15520, 14414
0.954520
C10H13NO2
943-15-7
179.216
12610
1.074420
1.530120
C10H18O
470-67-7
154.249
1
173.5
0.899720
1.456220
C18H18
483-65-8
234.336
101
390
1.03525
C10H14O
4427-56-9
150.217
36.5
228.5
0.991020
Thymol, acetate
C12H16O2
528-79-0
192.254
245
1.0099
Isoquinaldine
C10H9N
1721-93-3
143.185
10
248
1.077720
1.609520
7424 3-Methylisoquinoline
C10H9N
1125-80-0
143.185
68
249
7425 Methyl isothiocyanate
C2H3NS
556-61-6
73.117
36
119
1.069137
1.5258
1072-67-9 6454-84-8 5765-44-6 2155-30-8
98.103 83.089 83.089 104.105
127 122 144.8
1.02320 1.092820
1.438620 1.414120
112-63-0 301-00-8 75-16-1
294.472 292.456 119.244
21520 20714, 1823
0.888610 0.89525
1.463820 1.470920
7414 1-Methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexene 7415 3-Methyl-6-isopropyl-2cyclohexen-1-ol 7416 4-Methyl-1-isopropyl-3cyclohexen-1-ol 7417 5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexyl ethoxyacetate, (1α,2β,5α) 7418 1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-2nitrobenzene 7419 1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-7oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 7420 1-Methyl-7isopropylphenanthrene
Retene
7421 4-Methyl-2-isopropylphenol 7422 5-Methyl-2-isopropylphenyl acetate 7423 1-Methylisoquinoline
7426 7427 7428 7429
5-Methyl-3-isoxazolamine 4-Methylisoxazole 5-Methylisoxazole Methyl lactate, (±)
C4H6N2O C4H5NO C4H5NO Methyl 2-hydroxypropanoate, (±) C4H8O3
7430 Methyl linoleate 7431 Methyl linolenate 7432 Methyl magnesium bromide
Bromomethylmagnesium
C19H34O2 C19H32O2 CH3BrMg
7433 Methylmagnesium chloride
Chloromethylmagnesium
CH3ClMg
676-58-4
74.793
7434 Methylmalonic acid
C4H6O4
516-05-2
118.089
7435 Methyl mercaptoacetate 7436 Methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate 7437 Methylmercuric dicyanamide
C3H6O2S C4H8O2S C3H6HgN4
2365-48-2 2935-90-2 502-39-6
106.144 120.171 298.70
7438 Methyl methacrylate
C5H8O2
80-62-6
100.117
7439 Methyl methanesulfonate 7440 Methyl methoxyacetate
C2H6O3S C4H8O3
66-27-3 6290-49-9
110.132 104.105
1-Cyano-3-(methylmercurio) guanidine
oil
mp/˚C
liq
nd (HOAc)
cry (eth)
-6
1.4366
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, peth vs bz, eth, EtOH, lig
1.461920 vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s peth vs ace, EtOH
vs eth, EtOH
1.527520
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz, CS2; s ace
vs eth, EtOH, chl vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz, lig i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, CS2, HOAc sl H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl sl H2O; s eth, ace, bz sl H2O, chl; s eth, ace sl H2O; msc EtOH; vs eth
62 liq oil -35 -45.5
stab in thf soln nd (bzAcOEt) pr (eth-bz)
s DMSO vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH s eth, thf; i hx, bz i peth, bz
1.45520
135 dec
4210 5414
1.08525
1.465720 1.464020
-47.55
100.5
0.937725
1.414220
20
202.5 131
1.294320 1.051120
1.413820 1.396220
vs H2O, EtOH, eth; sl bz, tfa; s AcOEt vs eth, EtOH
157 liq
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace; s chl sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-359 OH
O O 2-Methyl-5-isopropyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
cis-1-Methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexane
trans-1-Methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexane
OH
1-Methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexanol
OH
5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol, [1S-(1α,2β,5α)]-
OH
5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol, [1R-(1α,2β,5α)]-
5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol, [1S-(1α,2α,5β)]-
O O
OH 5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol, [1S-(1α,2β,5β)]-
O
5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanol acetate, [1R-(1α,2α,5β)]
O
HO
trans-5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanone, (2S)
1-Methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexene
O N
O
HO
3-Methyl-6-isopropyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol
O
5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexyl ethoxyacetate, (1α,2β,5α)
4-Methyl-1-isopropyl-3-cyclohexen-1-ol
O
O
O
cis-5-Methyl-2-isopropylcyclohexanone
1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-2-nitrobenzene
1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
1-Methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene
O
OH
O N N 4-Methyl-2-isopropylphenol
5-Methyl-2-isopropylphenyl acetate
1-Methylisoquinoline
N
O
5-Methyl-3-isoxazolamine
O
N
O
4-Methylisoxazole
O
O
N
OH
5-Methylisoxazole
Methyl lactate, (±)
Methyl linoleate
O
O O
Methyl linolenate
Mg
Mg
Br
Methyl magnesium bromide
NH
O HS
Methyl isothiocyanate
O
NH2 O
N C S
3-Methylisoquinoline
Hg O
Methyl 3-mercaptopropanoate
N H
N
N H
Methylmercuric dicyanamide
Cl
Methylmagnesium chloride
O O Methyl methacrylate
O
HO
O OH
Methylmalonic acid
O O S O Methyl methanesulfonate
HS
O
Methyl mercaptoacetate
O O
O
Methyl methoxyacetate
3-360
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C9H10O3 C9H10O3 C9H10O3
606-45-1 5368-81-0 121-98-2
166.173 166.173 166.173
lf (al or eth) 49
246.5 248 244
C10H13NO3
483-64-7
195.215
pr (al)
28
271; 14710
C5H10O3 C6H10O3 C9H11NO2
3852-09-3 17094-21-2 85-91-6
118.131 130.141 165.189
7448 Methyl 2-methylbenzoate
C9H10O2
89-71-4
150.174
7449 Methyl 3-methylbenzoate
C9H10O2
99-36-5
150.174
7450 Methyl 4-methylbenzoate
C9H10O2
99-75-2
150.174
7451 7452 7453 7454
C6H10O2 C6H10O2 C8H16 C10H16O
6622-76-0 924-50-5 3404-67-9 5524-05-0
114.142 114.142 112.213 152.233
C10H16O
15932-80-6
C10H14O
No. Name
Synonym
7441 Methyl 2-methoxybenzoate 7442 Methyl 3-methoxybenzoate 7443 Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate 7444 Methyl 3-methoxy-2(methylamino)benzoate 7445 Methyl 3-methoxypropanoate 7446 Methyl 2-methylacetoacetate 7447 Methyl 2-(methylamino)benzoate
7455 7456 7457
7458 7459 7460
Damascenine
Methyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate, (E) Methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate 3-Methyl-4-methylenehexane 2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl) cyclohexanone, (2R-trans) 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene) cyclohexanone 3-Methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)- Piperitenone 2-cyclohexen-1-one 1-Methyl-4-(5-methyl-1methylene-4-hexenyl) cyclohexene, (S) N-Methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl) acetamide 4-Methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl) aniline 2-Methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)Methaqualone 4(3H)-quinazolinone Methyl 3-(methylthio)propanoate 2-Methoxycarbonylethyl methyl sulfide 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl) benzene 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl) β-Terpineol cyclohexanol 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl) cyclohexanol, [1R-(1α,2β,5α)] 5-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl) cyclohexanol acetate, [1R(1α,2β,5α)] trans-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl) cyclohexanone 2-Methyl-5-(1-methylvinyl)-2cyclohexen-1-ol 4-Methylmorpholine α-Methyl-4-morpholineethanol
Physical Form
cry (peth)
cry (aq MeOH, peth)
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
1.157119 1.131020
1.53419 1.522420
i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl vs bz, eth, EtOH, lig
19
142.8 177.4 255
1.013915 1.021725 1.12015
1.403020 1.41624 1.583915
<-50
215
1.06820
221
1.06120
mp/˚C
33.2
bp/˚C
220
139 136.5 112.5 221.5
0.934912 0.933720 0.72525 0.92819
1.437020 1.43220 1.414220 1.4724
152.233
9310
0.936720
1.486920
491-09-8
150.217
12014
0.977420
1.529420
C15H24
495-61-4
204.352
12910
0.867320
1.488020
C10H13NO
573-26-2
163.216
C14H15N
620-93-9
197.276
C16H14N2O
72-44-6
250.294
114
nd (peth)
s EtOH, chl
79.8
330.5
vs eth, peth
120
vs eth, EtOH, chl 13
132.202
liq
-20
185.3
0.893623
1.528323
C10H18O
138-87-4
154.249
nd
32.5
210; 9010
0.91720
1.474720
C10H18O
89-79-2
154.249
78
9314
0.91120
1.472320
C12H20O2
57576-09-7
196.286
85
1138
0.92525
1.456620
C10H16O
29606-79-9
152.233
10018
0.919820
1.467520
C10H16O
99-48-9
152.233
228
0.948425
1.494225
C5H11NO C7H15NO2
109-02-4 2109-66-2
101.147 145.200
liq
-64.40
116 12118, 9313
0.905120 1.017420
1.433220 1.463820
7470 1-Methylnaphthalene
C11H10
90-12-0
142.197
liq
-30.43
244.7
1.020220
1.617020
7471 2-Methylnaphthalene
C11H10
91-57-6
142.197
mcl (al)
34.6
241.1
1.005820
1.601540
16820, 1010.04 290
1.129020
1.608620
7466 7467 7468 7469
7472 Methyl 1-naphthalenecarboxylate 7473 Methyl 2-naphthalenecarboxylate
Methyl 1-naphthoate Methyl 2-naphthoate
C12H10O2 C12H10O2
2459-24-7 2459-25-8
186.206 186.206
lf (MeOH)
59.5 77
7474 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol diacetate 7475 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione
Menadiol diacetate
C15H14O4
573-20-6
258.270
pr (al)
113
Menadione
C11H8O2
58-27-5
172.181
ye nd (al, peth)
107
7476 Methyl-1-naphthylamine 7477 Methyl nitrate
N-Methyl-1-naphthalenamine
C11H11N CH3NO3
2216-68-4 598-58-3
157.212 77.040
oil exp gas
174 -83.0
294.5 exp 64.6
1.207520
CH3NO2 C3H5NO4 C7H8N2O2
624-91-9 2483-57-0 603-83-8
61.041 119.077 152.151
ye gas
-16
ye orth nd (w), ye lf (al)
92
-12 10728 305
0.99115 1.3200 1.378015
7478 Methyl nitrite 7479 Methyl nitroacetate 7480 2-Methyl-3-nitroaniline
1.4650
20
1195-32-0
7465
1.077
25
C10H12
7464
75 , 69
11
134.197
7463
vs EtOH, eth
260
13532-18-8
7462
vs ace, eth
55.5
C5H10O2S
7461
vs eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH; sl ctc i H2O; vs EtOH, eth
1.672220 1.374820
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth
s H2O, EtOH, eth vs H2O, ace, bz, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, chl vs bz, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl vs EtOH i H2O; sl EtOH, HOAc; s eth, bz, chl vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O O
O
O
3-361
O O
O
O H N
O O
O Methyl 2-methoxybenzoate
Methyl 3-methoxybenzoate
Methyl 3-methoxy-2-(methylamino)benzoate
O O
O
O
O
O
O
Methyl 4-methoxybenzoate
O
O
O
O O
O
Methyl 3-methoxypropanoate
Methyl 2-methylacetoacetate
O
O
H N
O
O O
Methyl 2-(methylamino)benzoate
Methyl 2-methylbenzoate
Methyl 3-methylbenzoate
Methyl 4-methylbenzoate
O
Methyl 2-methyl-2-butenoate, (E)
Methyl 3-methyl-2-butenoate
O O 3-Methyl-4-methylenehexane
2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexanone, (2R-trans)
O
5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexanone
3-Methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)-2-cyclohexen-1-one
O
H
O
N
H N
N N
1-Methyl-4-(5-methyl-1-methylene-4-hexenyl)cyclohexene, (S)
N-Methyl-N-(2-methylphenyl)acetamide
4-Methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)aniline
2-Methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone
HO
O S
OH O
Methyl 3-(methylthio)propanoate
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)benzene
5-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexanol, [1R-(1α,2β,5α)]
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexanol
OH
O
N
O
O O
5-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexanol acetate, [1R-(1α,2β,5α)]
trans-5-Methyl-2-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexanone
2-Methyl-5-(1-methylvinyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol
4-Methylmorpholine
O O OH O
O
O
N
O
O
O
O α-Methyl-4-morpholineethanol
1-Methylnaphthalene
2-Methylnaphthalene
Methyl 1-naphthalenecarboxylate
Methyl 2-naphthalenecarboxylate
O
2-Methyl-1,4-naphthalenediol diacetate
NH2 HN O
O 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthalenedione
Methyl-1-naphthylamine
N O
O
Methyl nitrate
O
N
O
Methyl nitrite
O
O N
O O
Methyl nitroacetate
N O
O
2-Methyl-3-nitroaniline
3-362
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7481 2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
99-52-5
152.151
133.5
7482 2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
99-55-8
152.151
105.5
7483 2-Methyl-6-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
570-24-1
152.151
96
1.1900100
7484 4-Methyl-2-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
89-62-3
152.151
116.3
1.16121
7485 4-Methyl-3-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
119-32-4
152.151
79.8
7486 N-Methyl-2-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
612-28-2
152.151
red or oran nd (peth)
7487 N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline
C7H8N2O2
100-15-2
152.151
br-ye pr (al) 152 cry (eth)
7488 2-Methyl-1-nitro-9,10anthracenedione
C15H9NO4
129-15-7
267.237
pa ye nd (HOAc)
7489 2-Methyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 7490 Methyl 2-nitrobenzoate
C7H7NO5S
121-03-9
217.200
C8H7NO4
606-27-9
181.147
7491 Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate
C8H7NO4
618-95-1
7492 Methyl 4-nitrobenzoate
C8H7NO4
7493 2-Methyl-4-nitro-1 H-imidazole 7494 N-Methyl-N-nitromethanamine
No. Name
Synonym
Physical Form
mp/˚C
38
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
1.1586140
sl H2O, DMSO; s EtOH, bz, HOAc sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, chl sl H2O, CS2; s EtOH, eth, bz sl H2O, lig; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; sl eth, lig i H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz, chl; s PhNO2 vs H2O, EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl; i lig i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl
15818
dec
1.201155
-13
275
1.285520
181.147
78
27960
619-50-1
181.147
96
C4H5N3O2 C2H6N2O2
696-23-1 4164-28-7
127.102 90.081
7495 2-Methyl-1-nitronaphthalene
C11H9NO2
881-03-8
187.195
7496 N-Methyl-N’-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine 7497 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol
C2H5N5O3
70-25-7
147.093
C7H7NO3
2581-34-2
153.136
nd or pr (w) 129
7498 4-Methyl-2-nitrophenol
C7H7NO3
119-33-5
153.136
7499 1-Methyl-2-(4-nitrophenoxy) 2-Methylphenyl 4-nitrophenyl benzene ether 7500 2-Methyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
C13H11NO3
2444-29-3
C4H9NO4
7501 2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol 7502 3-Methyl-4-nitroquinoline-Noxide 7503 N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
273.0
135.8 liq
Solubility
253 58
187
81.5
18820
vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH; vs ace s DMSO
ye nd (al, w) 36.5
12522
229.231
ye cry (peth)
22027
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH
77-49-6
135.119
mcl
150.1
dec
C4H9NO3
76-39-1
119.119
89.5
9410
C10H8N2O3
14073-00-8
204.182
nd or pl (MeOH) cry (MeOH)
179
C7H8N2O
614-00-6
136.151
ye cry
14.7
C2H5N3O2
684-93-5
103.080
col or ye pl (eth)
123 dec
7505 Methyl nonadecanoate 7506 2-Methylnonane
C20H40O2 C10H22
1731-94-8 871-83-0
312.531 142.282
liq
7507 3-Methylnonane 7508 4-Methylnonane 7509 5-Methylnonane
C10H22 C10H22 C10H22
5911-04-6 17301-94-9 15869-85-9
142.282 142.282 142.282
liq liq liq
7510 Methyl nonanoate
C10H20O2
1731-84-6
172.265
7511 8-Methyl-1-nonanol 7512 2-Methyl-1-nonene 7513 2-Methyl-2-norbornene
C10H22O C10H20 C8H12
55505-26-5 2980-71-4 694-92-8
158.281 140.266 108.181
liq liq
7514 Methyl trans-9-octadecenoate 7515 2-Methyloctane
C19H36O2 C9H20
1937-62-8 3221-61-2
296.488 128.255
7516 3-Methyloctane 7517 4-Methyloctane 7518 Methyl octanoate
C9H20 C9H20 C9H18O2
2216-33-3 2216-34-4 111-11-5
128.255 128.255 158.238
C9H18O2
3004-93-1
158.238
7504 N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
7519 2-Methyloctanoic acid
N-Nitroso-N-methylurea
2-Methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2ene
Methyl caprylate
nd(eth) ye pr or nd (al)
1.109072
1.239920
1.446272
1.574440
vs H2O, EtOH; sl DMSO sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s chl
dec 225; 12113 1.124020
1.576920
i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O, EtOH, eth
41.3 -74.6
1904 167.1
0.728120
1.409920
-84.8 -99 -87.7
167.9 165.7 165.1
0.735420 0.732320 0.732620
1.412520 1.412320 1.411620
213.5
0.879915
1.421420
i H2O; s eth, bz, chl vs bz, eth, chl vs bz, eth, chl i H2O; s eth, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc
-64.2
10810 168.4 122
0.741225
1.424120
liq liq
13.5 -80.3
21824 143.2
0.873020 0.709525
1.451320 1.403120
liq liq liq
-107.6 -113.3 -40
144.2 142.4 192.9
0.71725 0.71625 0.877520
1.404025 1.403925 1.417020
13814, 884
1.428125
vs eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc; vs peth i H2O i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds NH2
NH2 O
O
N
3-363
O
2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline
O
N O
2-Methyl-5-nitroaniline
HN
O N
NH2 O N
NH2
O
N
4-Methyl-2-nitroaniline
4-Methyl-3-nitroaniline
O
O O
O
O
N-Methyl-4-nitroaniline
O
2-Methyl-1-nitro-9,10-anthracenedione
N O
2-Methyl-5-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
O N
O
O
N O
Methyl 2-nitrobenzoate
O
Methyl 3-nitrobenzoate
O O O N
O
N
O
O
O
N-Methyl-2-nitroaniline
O S O O
N
O
OH
O
O N
HN
O N O
2-Methyl-6-nitroaniline
O
NH2
N
N H
O
Methyl 4-nitrobenzoate
N
O
O N N O
2-Methyl-4-nitro-1H-imidazole
O
N-Methyl-N-nitromethanamine
2-Methyl-1-nitronaphthalene
O N
NH N H
N
N
O
N-Methyl-Nâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
OH OH O N
O
N
O
3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol
O
N
O O
4-Methyl-2-nitrophenol
O
N O
HO
1-Methyl-2-(4-nitrophenoxy)benzene
NO2 OH
NO2 OH
2-Methyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol
O N
N
O
N O
H2N
3-Methyl-4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
N-Methyl-N-nitrosoaniline
O
O N
N
O
O
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
Methyl nonadecanoate
2-Methylnonane
O O 3-Methylnonane
4-Methylnonane
5-Methylnonane
Methyl nonanoate
O O OH 8-Methyl-1-nonanol
2-Methyl-1-nonene
2-Methyl-2-norbornene
Methyl trans-9-octadecenoate
O
O
OH
O 2-Methyloctane
3-Methyloctane
4-Methyloctane
Methyl octanoate
2-Methyloctanoic acid
3-364
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7520 2-Methyl-2-octanol
C9H20O
628-44-4
7521 7522 7523 7524 7525 7526 7527 7528
C9H20O C9H18O C9H18 C9H18 C9H21N C9H14O2 C9H16O C19H36O2
No. Name
3-Methyl-3-octanol 5-Methyl-2-octanone 2-Methyl-1-octene 7-Methyl-1-octene Methyloctylamine Methyl 2-octynoate 3-Methyl-1-octyn-3-ol Methyl oleate
7529 Methyl Orange
7530 7531 7532 7533 7534 7535 7536
2-Methyloxazole 4-Methyloxazole 5-Methyloxazole 2-Methyl-2-oxazoline 2-Methyloxetane 4-Methyl-2-oxetanone Methyloxirane
Synonym
N-Methyl-1-octanamine
C14H14N3NaO3S Sodium pdimethylaminoazobenzenesulfo nate C4H5NO C4H5NO C4H5NO C4H7NO C4H8O 3-Hydroxybutyric acid lactone C4H6O2 1,2-Propylene oxide C3H6O
Physical Form
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
144.254
178
0.821020
1.428020
i H2O; s EtOH, eth
5340-36-3 58654-67-4 4588-18-5 13151-06-9 2439-54-5 111-12-6 23580-51-0 112-62-9
144.254 142.238 126.239 126.239 143.270 154.206 140.222 296.488
8318, 363 10150 144.8 138.9 688 217; 10720 174; 7510 218.520
0.810825
1.425725
0.734320
1.418420
0.92620 0.854720 0.873920
1.446420 1.44310 1.452220
547-58-0
327.334
oran, ye pl or dec sc (w)
23012-10-4 693-93-6 66333-88-8 1120-64-5 2167-39-7 3068-88-0 16033-71-9
83.089 83.089 83.089 85.105 72.106 86.090 58.079
liq
1.01525
1.431720
1.00525 0.84125 1.055520 0.8590
1.434020 1.388520
170.5
0.996820
1.385016
196
1.051120
1.423320
sl H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz, ctc; msc eth
8415 135.5
1.1540
1.404625
417; 1482
0.824775
sl H2O; s ace; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, ace, bz; s eth i H2O; s os
liq liq
mp/˚C
-77.8
-19.9
liq hyg liq
-111.9
N-Dodecanoylsarcosine
C5H8O3 C15H29NO3
759-05-7 97-78-9
116.116 271.396
Methyl levulinate
C6H10O3
624-45-3
130.141
7540 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid 7541 Methyl 2-oxopropanoate
Methyl pyruvate
C6H10O3 C4H6O3
816-66-0 600-22-6
130.141 102.089
7542 Methyl palmitate
Methyl hexadecanoate
C17H34O2
112-39-0
270.451
C8H10NO5PS C7H3Cl5S
298-00-0 1825-19-0
263.208 296.429
cry cry (EtOH)
38 95.5
7132-64-1 1501-60-6 4549-74-0 926-56-7 22410-44-2 378-75-6 123-15-9
256.424 82.143 82.143 82.143 150.047 178.058 100.158
nd (dil al) liq
18.5 -117.6
2-Methylvaleraldehyde
C16H32O2 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C3H3F5O C4H3F5O2 C6H12O
Isohexane
C6H14
107-83-5
86.175
liq
C6H14
96-14-0
86.175
7537 3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid 7538 N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl) glycine 7539 Methyl 4-oxopentanoate
7543 Methyl parathion 7544 Methyl pentachlorophenyl sulfide 7545 7546 7547 7548 7549 7550 7551
Methyl pentadecanoate cis-2-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene 3-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene 4-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether Methyl pentafluoropropanoate 2-Methylpentanal
7552 2-Methylpentane
S-Methyl pentachlorobenzenethiol
1,1-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene 1-Methoxyperfluoroethane
7553 3-Methylpentane
31.5 44.5
liq
10
30
87.5 88 88 111 59 8650, 579 35
1.366020
1.35820
1.536725
153.5 75.8 77 76.5 5.59 59.5 117
0.861825 0.71425 0.73025 0.718120
1.439025 1.44620 1.45220 1.453220
1.39025
1.286925
-153.6
60.26
0.65025
1.371520
liq
-162.90
63.27
0.659825
1.376520
col gas
7554 2-Methylpentanedinitrile 7555 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-Methylglutaronitrile Hexylene glycol
C6H8N2 C6H14O2
4553-62-2 107-41-5
108.141 118.174
liq liq
-45 -50
270; 13413 197.1
0.950 0.92315
1.434020 1.427620
7556 4-Methylpentanenitrile
Isopentyl cyanide
C6H11N
542-54-1
97.158
liq
-51
156.5
0.803020
1.405920
7557 2-Methyl-2-pentanethiol 7558 Methyl pentanoate
C6H14S C6H12O2
1633-97-2 624-24-8
118.240 116.158
liq
Methyl valerate
125.0; 3630 127.4
0.894720
1.400320
7559 2-Methylpentanoic acid, (±)
C6H12O2
22160-39-0
116.158
195.6
0.923020
1.41320
7560 3-Methylpentanoic acid, (±) 7561 4-Methylpentanoic acid
C6H12O2 C6H12O2
22160-40-3 646-07-1
116.158 116.158
197.5 200.5
0.926220 0.922520
1.415920 1.414420
7562 2-Methyl-1-pentanol
C6H14O
105-30-6
102.174
149
0.826320
1.418220
7563 3-Methyl-1-pentanol, (±)
C6H14O
20281-83-8
102.174
153
0.824220
1.411223
C6H14O
626-89-1
102.174
151.9
0.813120
1.413425
C6H14O
590-36-3
102.174
121.1
0.835016
1.410020
7564 4-Methyl-1-pentanol 7565 2-Methyl-2-pentanol
Isohexyl alcohol
liq liq
liq
-41.6 -33
-103
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O, EtOH, py; i eth
vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl s H2O, EtOH, eth s chl
s EtOH, eth
s H2O; s eth, ace; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth; msc ace, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, ctc; msc eth, ace, bz, hp s H2O s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH; msc eth; sl ctc sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth; s ace s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ctc vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-365
OH O
OH 2-Methyl-2-octanol
3-Methyl-3-octanol
5-Methyl-2-octanone
2-Methyl-1-octene
O
O N H Methyl 2-octynoate
O S O Na O
N N
OH
O
O
Methyloctylamine
N
3-Methyl-1-octyn-3-ol
N
4-Methyloxazole
2-Methyl-2-oxazoline
4-Methyl-2-oxetanone
O OH
N
O
Methyloxirane
O O
O
3-Methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid
O
2-Methyloxetane
O OH
O
O
O
5-Methyloxazole
O
O
N
O
O
2-Methyloxazole
Methyl oleate
N
N
O
Methyl Orange
O
7-Methyl-1-octene
N-Methyl-N-(1-oxododecyl)glycine
Methyl 4-oxopentanoate
O
O OH
O
O
O
O
O
4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid
O
Methyl 2-oxopropanoate
Methyl palmitate
S P
O
O
N O Methyl parathion
S Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O O
Cl Methyl pentachlorophenyl sulfide
Methyl pentadecanoate
F F F
F F
O
OH
O
Methyl pentafluoropropanoate
2-Methylpentanal
SH
OH
N 2-Methylpentane
4-Methylpentanenitrile
2-Methyl-2-pentanethiol
4-Methylpentanoic acid
Methyl pentanoate
2-Methyl-1-pentanol
OH O
O 2-Methylpentanoic acid, (±)
OH OH
N
2-Methylpentanedinitrile
OH O
OH O
3-Methylpentane
O
N 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
4-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene
O F F
Methyl pentafluoroethyl ether
3-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene
O
F
F F
cis-2-Methyl-1,3-pentadiene
3-Methylpentanoic acid, (±)
OH OH
3-Methyl-1-pentanol, (±)
4-Methyl-1-pentanol
2-Methyl-2-pentanol
3-366
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7566 3-Methyl-2-pentanol
C6H14O
565-60-6
102.174
7567 4-Methyl-2-pentanol
C6H14O
108-11-2
102.174
7568 2-Methyl-3-pentanol
C6H14O
565-67-3
102.174
7569 3-Methyl-3-pentanol
C6H14O
77-74-7
102.174
No. Name
Synonym
Physical Form
liq
liq
mp/˚C
-90
-23.6
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
134.3
0.830720
1.418220
131.6
0.807520
1.410020
126.5
0.824320
1.417520
122.4
0.828620
1.418620
163 117.5
0.87025 0.813020
1.400220
116.5
0.796525
1.396220
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s chl sl H2O; vs EtOH, bz; msc eth, ace; s chl
7570 2-Methyl-1-pentanol acetate 7571 3-Methyl-2-pentanone, (±)
(±)-sec-Butyl methyl ketone
C8H16O2 C6H12O
7789-99-3 55156-16-6
144.212 100.158
7572 4-Methyl-2-pentanone
Isobutyl methyl ketone
C6H12O
108-10-1
100.158
7573 2-Methyl-3-pentanone
Ethyl isopropyl ketone
C6H12O
565-69-5
100.158
113.5
0.81418
1.397520
7574 4-Methylpentanoyl chloride 7575 2-Methyl-2-pentenal
C6H11ClO C6H10O
38136-29-7 623-36-9
134.603 98.142
143 136.5
0.972520 0.858120
1.448820
7576 2-Methyl-1-pentene
C6H12
763-29-1
84.159
liq
-135.7
62.1
0.679920
1.392020
7577 3-Methyl-1-pentene
C6H12
760-20-3
84.159
liq
-153
54.2
0.667520
1.384120
7578 4-Methyl-1-pentene
C6H12
691-37-2
84.159
liq
-153.6
53.9
0.664220
1.382820
7579 2-Methyl-2-pentene
C6H12
625-27-4
84.159
liq
-135
67.3
0.686320
1.400420
7580 3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene
C6H12
922-62-3
84.159
liq
-134.8
67.7
0.688625
1.401620
7581 3-Methyl-trans-2-pentene
C6H12
616-12-6
84.159
liq
-138.5
70.4
0.693025
1.404520
7582 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene
C6H12
691-38-3
84.159
liq
-134.8
56.3
0.669020
1.380020
7583 4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene
C6H12
674-76-0
84.159
liq
-140.8
58.6
0.668620
1.388920
7584 trans-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid
C6H10O2
16957-70-3
114.142
pr
24.4
214; 11212
0.975120
1.451320
C6H10O2
10321-71-8
114.142
35
217
0.952921
1.448921
C6H10O2 C6H12O C6H10O C6H10O C11H16O
37674-63-8 4325-82-0 565-62-8 3744-02-3 488-10-8
114.142 100.158 98.142 98.142 164.244
199 134 138 124.2 258; 13412
0.96615 0.84015
1.440225 1.937715 1.450820
0.841120 0.943722
1.497922
C10H14O C6H8 C11H18O
539-52-6 1574-33-0 1128-08-1
150.217 80.128 166.260
185.5 66.5 14322, 11612
0.901720 0.73920 0.916518
1.470521 1.433220 1.476720
C6H14O
628-80-8
102.174
99
0.75922
1.386222
C12H18O
1300-94-3
178.270
C6H14S
1741-83-9
118.240
liq
C6H14S C6H10 C6H10 C6H10O C9H3F15O2 C15H12 C15H12
13286-92-5 7154-75-8 21020-27-9 77-75-8 376-27-2 832-69-9 832-71-3
118.240 82.143 82.143 98.142 428.095 192.256 192.256
liq liq liq
7604 4-Methylphenanthrene
C15H12
832-64-4
192.256
7605 Methylphenidate
C14H19NO2
113-45-1
233.307
C13H11NS C15H13NO2S
1207-72-3 13993-65-2
213.298 271.335
7585 4-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid 7586 7587 7588 7589 7590 7591 7592 7593 7594
4,4-Dimethyl-2-butenoic acid
2-Methyl-3-pentenoic acid 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-ol 3-Methyl-2-penten-4-one 4-Methyl-4-penten-2-one cis-3-Methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2Jasmone cyclopenten-1-one 3-(4-Methyl-3-pentenyl)furan 3-Methyl-3-penten-1-yne 3-Methyl-2-pentyl-2-cyclopenten1-one Methyl pentyl ether
7595 5-Methyl-2-pentylphenol
6-Pentyl-m-cresol
7596 Methyl pentyl sulfide 7597 7598 7599 7600 7601 7602 7603
Methyl tert-pentyl sulfide 4-Methyl-1-pentyne 4-Methyl-2-pentyne 3-Methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol Methyl perfluorooctanoate 1-Methylphenanthrene 3-Methylphenanthrene
7606 10-Methyl-10H-phenothiazine 7607 10-Methyl-10H-phenothiazine-2acetic acid
2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)butane
Meparfynol
Metiazinic acid
liq
liq ye oil
-84
-72.6
24
13815
-94
145.1
0.843120
1.450620
0.84 0.700025 0.711225 0.868820 1.68420
1.457020 1.393620 1.405720 1.431020 1.30427
lf, pl (dil al) 123 pr or nd (al) 65
150 61.2 73.1 120.5 158 354 350; 1456
pl (90% al)
17710
-104.6 -110.3 30.5
53.5
1360.6
101 144
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, bz, ctc, chl i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, bz, ctc, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; sl ctc sl H2O; s eth, chl, CS2 vs ace, eth, EtOH
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc, lig s eth, bz
vs ace, eth, EtOH vs ace, eth, EtOH s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; s bz, chl vs bz, chl
i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, ace; sl chl i H2O; s EtOH, ctc i H2O, peth; s chl, EtOH, eth, AcOEt s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-367
OH
O OH OH
3-Methyl-2-pentanol
4-Methyl-2-pentanol
O
OH
2-Methyl-3-pentanol
3-Methyl-3-pentanol
O
Cl
O 4-Methyl-2-pentanone
2-Methyl-1-pentene
2-Methyl-3-pentanone
3-Methyl-1-pentene
O
O
O 3-Methyl-2-pentanone, (Âą)
2-Methyl-1-pentanol acetate
4-Methylpentanoyl chloride
4-Methyl-1-pentene
2-Methyl-2-pentenal
2-Methyl-2-pentene
3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene
OH
OH
O 3-Methyl-trans-2-pentene
4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene
4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene
O
trans-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid
4-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid
O
OH
OH
O
O 2-Methyl-3-pentenoic acid
4-Methyl-3-penten-2-ol
3-Methyl-2-penten-4-one
4-Methyl-4-penten-2-one
O
O
O cis-3-Methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one
3-(4-Methyl-3-pentenyl)furan
3-Methyl-3-penten-1-yne
3-Methyl-2-pentyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
OH
O Methyl pentyl ether
S 5-Methyl-2-pentylphenol
F F F F F F OH
Methyl tert-pentyl sulfide
4-Methyl-1-pentyne
O
F 4-Methyl-2-pentyne
S
Methyl pentyl sulfide
O
F F F F F F F F
3-Methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol
Methyl perfluorooctanoate
1-Methylphenanthrene
3-Methylphenanthrene
O N H H
O
N S
4-Methylphenanthrene
Methylphenidate
10-Methyl-10H-phenothiazine
OH
N S
O
10-Methyl-10H-phenothiazine-2-acetic acid
3-368
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Methyl phenoxyacetate 1-Methyl-3-phenoxybenzene [(2-Methylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane 3-(2-Methylphenoxy)-1,2Mephenesin propanediol 7612 N-(2-Methylphenyl)acetamide
C9H10O3 C13H12O C10H12O2 C10H14O3
2065-23-8 3586-14-9 2210-79-9 59-47-2
166.173 184.233 164.201 182.216
C9H11NO
120-66-1
149.189
nd (al)
110
296
1.16815
7613 N-(3-Methylphenyl)acetamide
C9H11NO
537-92-8
149.189
nd (w)
65.5
303
1.14115
nd (eth), pr (al)
103
256
1.0036105 1.576
12
208 212 212.5
1.053315 1.04320 1.051217
1.500220 1.497820 1.516322 1.507520
No. Name
Synonym
7608 7609 7610 7611
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
245 272 1232
1.149320 1.05125 1.088420
N-Methylacetanilide
C9H11NO
579-10-2
149.189
7615 2-Methylphenyl acetate 7616 3-Methylphenyl acetate 7617 4-Methylphenyl acetate
o-Cresyl acetate m-Cresyl acetate p-Cresyl acetate
C9H10O2 C9H10O2 C9H10O2
533-18-6 122-46-3 140-39-6
150.174 150.174 150.174
7618 Methyl 2-phenylacetate
C9H10O2
101-41-7
150.174
216.5
1.062216
7619 2-(Methylphenylamino)ethanol
C9H13NO
93-90-3
151.205
218110, 15014
1.01430
7620 7621 7622 7623
C9H13NO C13H13N C14H13NO C14H15N
136-80-1 1205-64-7 582-78-5 614-30-2
151.205 183.249 211.259 197.276
285.5 316; 18317
1.079420
C14H14O
1517-63-1
198.260
C14H14O
599-67-7
198.260
C13H13NO2S
68-34-8
247.313
C14H12O2 C19H24N2
614-34-6 4945-47-5
212.244 280.407
C11H14O2 C11H14O
2294-71-5 582-62-7
178.228 162.228
C11H13NO C8H8ClNO C9H10O C9H10O
7236-47-7 4285-42-1 577-16-2 585-74-0
175.227 169.609 134.174 134.174
7635 4-(1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol 7636 N-Methyl-N-phenylformamide
C15H16O C8H9NO
599-64-4 93-61-8
212.287 135.163
pr (peth)
7637 N-(2-Methylphenyl)formamide 7638 5-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-hexen-3one 7639 1-Methyl-1-phenylhydrazine
C8H9NO C13H16O
94-69-9 2892-18-4
135.163 188.265
lf (al) cry
C7H10N2
618-40-6
122.167
3-Methyl-5-phenylhydantoin
C10H10N2O2
6846-11-3
190.198
PhIP
C13H12N4
105650-23-5 224.261
C10H15NO
101-98-4
165.232
C14H13N
2272-45-9
195.260
C11H15NO C9H10O C11H13NO2
134-49-6 2085-88-3 93-68-5
177.243 134.174 191.227
pr (AcOEt)
107.5
C11H13NO2
2415-85-2
191.227
pr (AcOEt)
95
7627 4-Methylphenyl benzoate 7628 1-Methyl-N-phenyl-N-benzyl-4piperidinamine 7629 Methyl 2-phenylbutanoate 7630 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-butanone
7631 7632 7633 7634
3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butenamide Methylphenylcarbamic chloride 1-(2-Methylphenyl)ethanone 1-(3-Methylphenyl)ethanone
7640 3-Methyl-5-phenyl-2,4imidazolidinedione 7641 1-Methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridin-2-amine 7642 2-[Methyl(phenylmethyl)amino] ethanol 7643 4-Methyl-N-(phenylmethylene) aniline 7644 3-Methyl-2-phenylmorpholine 7645 2-Methyl-2-phenyloxirane 7646 N-(2-Methylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide 7647 N-(4-Methylphenyl)-3oxobutanamide 7648 (2-Methylphenyl) phenylmethanone 7649 (3-Methylphenyl) phenylmethanone
Bamipine
β-Benzalbutyramide
Phenmetrazine
C14H12O
131-58-8
196.244
C14H12O
643-65-2
196.244
Solubility
1.515520 1.572720
vs eth, EtOH
70 dec
7614 N-Methyl-N-phenylacetamide
2-[(2-Methylphenyl)amino]ethanol 3-Methyl-N-phenylaniline N-(4-Methylphenyl)benzamide N-Methyl-Nphenylbenzenemethanamine 7624 4-Methyl-αphenylbenzenemethanol 7625 α-Methyl-αphenylbenzenemethanol 7626 4-Methyl-Nphenylbenzenesulfonamide
nD
orth nd (al)
30 158
1.567520 1.635020
1.20215
sl H2O, eth; s EtOH sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, ace, HOAc sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s chl s H2O, EtOH, eth, chl, lig vs eth, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, ctc s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz vs eth, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH s ctc
52 285; 19012
1.105915
(α) tcl, (β) mcl pr (al, bz) pl (eth-al) cry (MeOH)
103.5
71.5 115
316
nd (dil al)
77.5
228 236.5
0.970116
1.513915
280 214 220
1.02620 1.01650
1.527620 1.53315
74.5 14.5
335 243
1.094820
1.558920
62 43
288 15425
1.08655 0.950946
1.552325
228; 13135
1.040420
1.569120
pl (al)
133 88.5
i H2O; vs EtOH; s bz, HOAc vs eth, EtOH
vs eth, EtOH
164.5 solid
vs eth, EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace
s EtOH, eth, ace; sl ctc sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, ace s H2O; vs EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz, chl s chl
327 13414
ye cry
35
318; 17811 13912, 1041 8417
oil
vs ace
1.022820
1.523220 vs bz, EtOH
12
<-18
308; 128
2
317; 1709
1.1098
20
1.09520
sl H2O, lig; s EtOH, bz i H2O; vs EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, HOAc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-369 O
O O
O
O
O
O
Methyl phenoxyacetate
1-Methyl-3-phenoxybenzene
O
O
HN
OH
O
[(2-Methylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane
OH
3-(2-Methylphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol
N-(2-Methylphenyl)acetamide
O
HN
O
N
O
O
O
O O O
N-(3-Methylphenyl)acetamide
N
N-Methyl-N-phenylacetamide
3-Methylphenyl acetate
H N
H N
OH
2-Methylphenyl acetate
4-Methylphenyl acetate
Methyl 2-phenylacetate
H N
OH
N O
2-(Methylphenylamino)ethanol
2-[(2-Methylphenyl)amino]ethanol
3-Methyl-N-phenylaniline
N-(4-Methylphenyl)benzamide
N-Methyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine
O H O S N OH
N
OH O N
O α-Methyl-α-phenylbenzenemethanol
4-Methyl-α-phenylbenzenemethanol
4-Methyl-N-phenylbenzenesulfonamide
4-Methylphenyl benzoate
O
O O
N
NH2
O 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-butanone
3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butenamide
N
O
Cl O
O
Methyl 2-phenylbutanoate
1-Methyl-N-phenyl-N-benzyl-4-piperidinamine
Methylphenylcarbamic chloride
HN
O
1-(2-Methylphenyl)ethanone
O
O
1-(3-Methylphenyl)ethanone
N
NH2
OH 4-(1-Methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol
N-Methyl-N-phenylformamide
N-(2-Methylphenyl)formamide
5-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-hexen-3-one
1-Methyl-1-phenylhydrazine
O
O
N N H
N
O
3-Methyl-5-phenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
N
NH2 N
1-Methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-amine
2-[Methyl(phenylmethyl)amino]ethanol
O O
N
OH
N
O
4-Methyl-N-(phenylmethylene)aniline
N H 3-Methyl-2-phenylmorpholine
O
HN
HN
O O
O 2-Methyl-2-phenyloxirane
N-(2-Methylphenyl)-3-oxo-butanamide
N-(4-Methylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide
(2-Methylphenyl)phenylmethanone
(3-Methylphenyl)phenylmethanone
3-370
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
C14H12O
134-84-9
196.244
mcl pr
59.5
22870
0.99260
C10H12O2
103-25-3
164.201
238.5; 914
1.045525
7652 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-1-propanone
C10H12O
5337-93-9
148.201
7.2
236
0.992620
1.527820
7653 7654 7655 7656
C10H12O C10H10O C10H8O2 C10H11N3
611-70-1 101-39-3 4891-38-7 1131-18-6
148.201 146.185 160.170 173.214
-0.7
220 248; 150100 15848, 13216 333
0.986311 1.040717 1.083025
1.517220 1.605717 1.561825
C12H11N C11H10N2O3
3256-88-0 76-94-8
169.222 218.208
18950
1.059025
cry
220
C11H11NO2
86-34-0
189.211
cry (hot al)
72
No. Name
Synonym
7650 (4-Methylphenyl) phenylmethanone 7651 Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate
7657 7658
7659 7660 7661
Methyl dihydrocinnamate
2-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone 2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propynoate 3-Methyl-1-phenyl-1 H-pyrazol-5amine 2-Methyl-5-phenylpyridine 5-Methyl-5-phenylPhenylmethylbarbituric acid 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)pyrimidinetrione 1-Methyl-3-phenyl-2,5Phensuximide pyrrolidinedione Methylphenylsilane Methyl phenyl sulfone
liq
26 116
C7H10Si C7H8O2S
766-08-5 3112-85-4
122.240 156.203
C13H12S C8H10N2S
3699-01-2 614-78-8
200.299 166.243
15.7 nd (dil al, w) 162
C8H10N2S CH5O4P CH5P CH5O3P
2724-69-8 812-00-0 593-54-4 993-13-5
166.243 112.022 48.025 96.023
ta, pl oil col gas hyg pl
CH3F2OP C4H10FO2P
676-99-3 107-44-8
100.005 140.093
CH3Cl2OP C5H12N2
3279-26-3 109-01-3
7672 2-Methylpiperazine
C5H12N2
7673 1-Methylpiperidine
7662 1-Methyl-4-(phenylthio)benzene 7663 (2-Methylphenyl)thiourea 7664 7665 7666 7667
N-Methyl-N’-phenylthiourea Methyl phosphate Methylphosphine Methylphosphonic acid
o-Tolylthiourea
Methyl dihydrogen phosphate
nD
Solubility
s H2O, EtOH, chl; sl bz 1.605525 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, alk vs EtOH, MeOH
140
0.8895
20
1.5058
20
88 317
1.098625
1.622525
112.5
108.5
-16 dec
liq liq
-57
98; 2227 147
1.331420 1.1020
132.914 100.162
hyg liq
-91
93 138
1.406
109-07-9
100.162
hyg lf (al)
62
153
C6H13N
626-67-5
99.174
liq
-102.7
107
0.815920
1.435520
7674 2-Methylpiperidine, (±)
C6H13N
3000-79-1
99.174
liq
-2.5
118
0.843624
1.445920
7675 7676 7677 7678 7679 7680 7681 7682 7683 7684 7685
C6H13N C6H13N C6H13NO C6H13NO C6H11NO C6H11NO C22H30O5 C4H9NO C4H9NO C4H12N2 C4H10O2
53152-98-0 626-58-4 3554-74-3 106-52-5 931-20-4 1445-73-4 83-43-2 563-83-7 1187-58-2 811-93-8 558-43-0
99.174 99.174 115.173 115.173 113.157 113.157 374.470 87.120 87.120 88.151 90.121
liq
-24
125.5 130 9326, 7711 200 221; 10512 8545, 5711
0.844626 0.867425 0.963516 1.026325 0.97125
1.447020 1.445820 1.473520 1.477520 1.482020 1.458025
217 148 123 176
1.01320 0.930525 0.84125 1.002420
1.434525 1.441020 1.435020
-91 -71.5
211.6; 12420 103.9
1.01520 0.770420
1.445020 1.372020
<-70
88.5
0.835720
1.438720
7668 Methylphosphonic difluoride 7669 Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, isopropyl ester 7670 Methyl phosphorodichloridite 7671 1-Methylpiperazine
Sarin Methyl dichlorophosphite
3-Methylpiperidine, (±) 4-Methylpiperidine 1-Methyl-3-piperidinol 1-Methyl-4-piperidinol 1-Methyl-2-piperidinone 1-Methyl-4-piperidinone Methylprednisolone 2-Methylpropanamide N-Methylpropanamide 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediamine 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol
29
cry liq
liq liq
232 129.0 -30.9
i H2O; sl EtOH, lig; s eth, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, AcOEt i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, CS2 vs eth, EtOH
i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; sl ctc i H2O; s ace, bz vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs EtOH vs eth vs H2O, EtOH, eth; i bz, peth dec H2O
1.474020 1.437820
vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl vs H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc vs H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl chl; i dil KOH vs H2O; sl chl vs H2O; sl chl
s chl
7686 2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol 7687 2-Methylpropanenitrile
Isobutyronitrile
C4H10O2 C4H7N
2163-42-0 78-82-0
90.121 69.106
7688 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol
Isobutyl mercaptan
C4H10S
513-44-0
90.187
7689 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol 7690 Methyl propanoate
tert-Butyl mercaptan Methyl propionate
C4H10S C4H8O2
75-66-1 554-12-1
90.187 88.106
liq liq
-0.5 -87.5
64.2 79.8
0.794325 0.915020
1.423220 1.377520
7691 2-Methylpropanoic acid
Isobutyric acid
C4H8O2
79-31-2
88.106
liq
-46
154.45
0.968120
1.393020
7692 2-Methylpropanoic anhydride 7693 2-Methyl-1-propanol
Isobutryic anhydride Isobutyl alcohol
C8H14O3 C4H10O
97-72-3 78-83-1
158.195 74.121
liq liq
-53.5 -101.9
183; 8932 107.89
0.953520 0.801820
1.406119 1.395520
7694 2-Methyl-2-propanol
tert-Butyl alcohol
C4H10O
75-65-0
74.121
25.69
82.4
0.788720
1.387820
s ctc vs H2O, eth, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, chl sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace; s ctc i H2O; s ctc, hp sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, ctc vs H2O; msc EtOH, eth; sl ctc msc eth; s chl s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, ctc msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
3-371 O
O
O
O (4-Methylphenyl)phenylmethanone
O
Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate
1-(4-Methylphenyl)-1-propanone
2-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone
2-Methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal
O
O H2N
N
O
N N O N
Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propynoate
3-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine
H Si H O
N
2-Methyl-5-phenylpyridine
H N
S
H N
NH2
Methylphenylsilane
O O P OH OH
H
Methyl phosphate
Methylphosphine
P
O P OH OH
H
H N
H N
N
N H
Methyl phenyl sulfone
1-Methyl-4-(phenylthio)benzene
(2-Methylphenyl)thiourea
Methylphosphonic acid
N-Methyl-N’-phenylthiourea
O O P F
O P F F
O
Methylphosphonic difluoride
Methylphosphonofluoridic acid, isopropyl ester
Cl P
Cl
Methyl phosphorodichloridite
OH N H
N
2-Methylpiperazine
1-Methylpiperidine
N H
2-Methylpiperidine, (±)
OH
N H
3-Methylpiperidine, (±)
4-Methylpiperidine
1-Methyl-3-piperidinol
OH
HO
O
N
O
HO H
H N
NH2 N
N
1-Methyl-4-piperidinol
H N S
S
1-Methyl-3-phenyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
1-Methylpiperazine
O
5-Methyl-5-phenyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
O S O
O
N H
H
N
O
1-Methyl-2-piperidinone
NH2 NH2
O
1-Methyl-4-piperidinone
Methylprednisolone
O
O
2-Methylpropanamide
N-Methylpropanamide
OH
SH HO
OH
2-Methyl-1,2-propanediamine
2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol
OH
2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol
O Methyl propanoate
O 2-Methylpropanoic acid
2-Methylpropanenitrile
2-Methyl-1-propanethiol
O
OH O
SH
N
O
2-Methyl-2-propanethiol
OH O
2-Methylpropanoic anhydride
OH 2-Methyl-1-propanol
2-Methyl-2-propanol
3-372
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
7695 2-Methylpropanoyl chloride 7696 2-Methylpropenal
Isobutyric acid chloride Methacrolein
C4H7ClO C4H6O
79-30-1 78-85-3
106.551 70.090
liq
-90
92 68.4
7697 2-Methyl-2-propenamide
C4H7NO
79-39-0
85.105
cry (bz)
7698 N-Methyl-2-propen-1-amine
C4H9N
627-37-2
71.121
64
1.406520
Methacrolein diacetate
C8H12O4
10476-95-6
172.179
191
1.424120
C16H32 C8H10O3 C4H8O
15220-85-6 760-93-0 513-42-8
224.425 154.163 72.106
liq
Methacrylic acid anhydride Methallyl alcohol
C4H5ClO C10H12 C10H12
920-46-7 767-99-7 768-00-3
104.535 132.202 132.202
liq
-60
liq
-23.5
C10H12 C8H15NO C6H14O2 C4H11N C10H14 C10H14 C10H14
768-49-0 2403-55-6 4439-24-1 627-35-0 1074-17-5 1074-43-7 1074-55-1
132.202 141.211 118.174 73.137 134.218 134.218 134.218
liq
-48.0 120
liq liq liq
C9H18
932-43-4
126.239
C9H18
932-44-5
C4H10S2 C4H10O
7699 2-Methyl-2-propene-1,1-diol diacetate 7700 2-Methyl-1-propene, tetramer 7701 2-Methyl-2-propenoic anhydride 7702 2-Methyl-2-propenol
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
0.84025
1.407920 1.414420
s eth msc H2O, EtOH, eth sl eth, chl; s EtOH, CH2Cl2 vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH
110.5
244; 10915 895 114.5
0.851520
1.448220 1.454020 1.425520
96 194.7; 177500 194.7
1.087120 0.919125 0.913825
1.443520 1.540225 1.542520
0.90020 0.890020 0.720417 0.869725 0.856925 0.854425
1.538820 1.466320 1.414320
-60.3 -82.5 -63.6
183; 9943 8920 160 63 185 182 183.4
liq
-104
152.6
0.788125
1.434320
126.239
liq
-123
146.4
0.773525
1.427420
2179-60-4 557-17-5
122.252 74.121
liq
7043 39.1
0.980 0.735613
1.508020 1.357925
C9H19N C7H16O2
35305-13-6 78-26-2
141.254 132.201
1.453812
62.5
174 234; 12110
0.832622
cry (hx)
C9H18N2O4
57-53-4
218.250
cry (w)
105
C4H10S
3877-15-4
90.187
liq
-113
Pargyline
C4H7N C11H13N
35161-71-8 555-57-7
69.106 159.228
2-Amino-3-methylpyrazine
C5H7N3
19838-08-5
109.130
7724 2-Methylpyrazine
C5H6N2
109-08-0
94.115
7725 1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole 7726 3-Methyl-1H-pyrazole
C4H6N2 C4H6N2
930-36-9 1453-58-3
82.104 82.104
7703 2-Methyl-2-propenoyl chloride Methacrylic acid chloride 7704 cis-(1-Methyl-1-propenyl)benzene 7705 trans-(1-Methyl-1-propenyl) benzene 7706 (2-Methyl-1-propenyl)benzene 7707 4-(2-Methylpropenyl)morpholine 1-Morpholinoisobutene 7708 2-(2-Methylpropoxy)ethanol 7709 Methylpropylamine N-Methyl-1-propanamine 7710 1-Methyl-2-propylbenzene 7711 1-Methyl-3-propylbenzene 7712 1-Methyl-4-propylbenzene 7713 cis-1-Methyl-2propylcyclopentane 7714 trans-1-Methyl-2propylcyclopentane 7715 Methyl propyl disulfide 7716 Methyl propyl ether 7717 1-Methyl-2-propylpiperidine, ( S) 7718 2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3propanediol 7719 2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3propanediol dicarbamate 7720 Methyl propyl sulfide 7721 N-Methyl-2-propyn-1-amine 7722 N-Methyl-N-2propynylbenzenemethanamine 7723 3-Methylpyrazinamine
1-Methoxypropane Methylconiine
Meprobamate
3-Methyl-1,2-diazine 2-Amino-3-picoline
C4H6N2 C4H6N2O C17H12 C17H12 C5H6N2 C6H8N2
7554-65-6 108-26-9 2381-21-7 3442-78-2 1632-76-4 1603-40-3
82.104 98.103 216.277 216.277 94.115 108.141
7733 4-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
2-Amino-4-picoline
C6H8N2
695-34-1
7734 5-Methyl-2-pyridinamine 7735 6-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
2-Amino-6-picoline
C6H8N2 C6H8N2
7736 N-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
7737 N-Methyl-4-pyridinamine
7727 7728 7729 7730 7731 7732
4-Methyl-1H-pyrazole 3-Methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one 1-Methylpyrene 2-Methylpyrene 3-Methylpyridazine 3-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
7738 2-Methylpyridine
Fomepizole
2-Picoline
nd (hx/ AcOEt) liq
-98
0.794420
i H2O; s EtOH, eth
s H2O, ace; msc EtOH, eth vs ace, EtOH s H2O, hx; sl chl vs bz, eth, EtOH
95.6
0.842420
1.444220
83 9611
0.81925 0.94425
1.433220 1.521320
-29
137
1.0320
1.504220
36.5
127 204; 10825
0.992913 1.020316
1.478713 1.491520
s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace
174
206; 95
13
1.015
msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace; sl ctc msc H2O, EtOH, eth
20
hyg
215 71.3 143 184 33.5
410 409.8 214 222; 958
108.141
lf or pl (lig)
100
11611
1603-41-4 1824-81-3
108.141 108.141
hyg (lig)
76.5 41
227 208.5
C6H8N2
4597-87-9
108.141
15
200.5
1.04829
C6H8N2
1121-58-0
108.141
pl (eth)
118.8
C6H7N
109-06-8
93.127
liq
-66.68
129.38
0.944320
fl (EtOH)
1.499620 1.493520 1.492220
msc EtOH, eth vs H2O; msc EtOH, eth s eth, ace, chl i H2O; s bz, chl i H2O; s bz, chl
vs H2O; sl EtOH
1.045026
1.514520 vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc; sl lig vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; i lig; sl chl
1.495720
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig s H2O, bz; vs EtOH, eth, HOAc vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH vs H2O, ace; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-373
NH2
Cl O
O 2-Methylpropanoyl chloride
O H N
O
2-Methylpropenal
2-Methyl-2-propenamide
O
N-Methyl-2-propen-1-amine
O
O O
2-Methyl-2-propene-1,1-diol diacetate
2-Methyl-1-propene, tetramer
Cl
O
OH
O
2-Methyl-2-propenoic anhydride
O
2-Methyl-2-propenol
2-Methyl-2-propenoyl chloride
cis-(1-Methyl-1-propenyl)benzene
trans-(1-Methyl-1-propenyl)benzene
O N OH
O (2-Methyl-1-propenyl)benzene
4-(2-Methylpropenyl)morpholine
H N
2-(2-Methylpropoxy)ethanol
Methylpropylamine
1-Methyl-2-propylbenzene
S 1-Methyl-4-propylbenzene
cis-1-Methyl-2-propylcyclopentane
trans-1-Methyl-2-propylcyclopentane
O
H2N HO
N 1-Methyl-2-propylpiperidine, (S)
OH
O
2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol
N
O
N H
NH2
N
N
3-Methylpyrazinamine
2-Methylpyrazine
N H
S Methyl propyl sulfide
N
N N-Methyl-N-2-propynylbenzenemethanamine
Methyl propyl ether
NH2
2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate
N
O
S
Methyl propyl disulfide
O
O
1-Methyl-3-propylbenzene
N
N H
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole
N-Methyl-2-propyn-1-amine
N
N H
3-Methyl-1H-pyrazole
N
4-Methyl-1H-pyrazole
N N
3-Methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one
1-Methylpyrene
2-Methylpyrene
N
3-Methylpyridazine
N
NH2
N
3-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
HN
N
NH2
5-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
N
NH2
6-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
N
N H
N-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
N N-Methyl-4-pyridinamine
NH2
4-Methyl-2-pyridinamine
N 2-Methylpyridine
3-374
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
7739 3-Methylpyridine
3-Picoline
C6H7N
108-99-6
93.127
liq
-18.14
144.14
0.956620
1.504020
7740 4-Methylpyridine
4-Picoline
C6H7N
108-89-4
93.127
3.67
145.36
0.954820
1.503720
msc H2O, EtOH, eth; vs ace; s ctc msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace, ctc
C7H7NO
1122-72-1
121.137
32
7712
C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2
93-60-7 2459-09-8
137.137 137.137
42.5 16.1
204 208
1.159920
1.513520
2-Methylpyridine-1-oxide 3-Methylpyridine-1-oxide 4-Methylpyridine-1-oxide 1-Methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone
C6H7NO C6H7NO C6H7NO C6H7NO
931-19-1 1003-73-2 1003-67-4 694-85-9
109.126 109.126 109.126 109.126
49 39 185.8 31
260 14815 250
1.112020
7748 1-(6-Methyl-3-pyridinyl)ethanone 7749 4-Methyl-2-pyrimidinamine
C8H9NO C5H7N3
36357-38-7 108-52-1
135.163 109.130
17.6 160.3
14450 sub
1.016825
1.530225
C5H6N2 C5H6N2 C5H6N2 C5H6N2O2
5053-43-0 3438-46-8 2036-41-1 626-48-2
94.115 94.115 94.115 126.114
C5H7N
96-54-8
7755 2-Methylpyrrole
C5H7N
7756 3-Methylpyrrole 7757 N-Methylpyrrolidine 7758 1-Methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
7759 N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinethione 7760 5-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 7761 1-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-2propanone, (R) 7762 3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, (±)
7741 6-Methyl-2pyridinecarboxaldehyde 7742 Methyl 3-pyridinecarboxylate 7743 Methyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate 7744 7745 7746 7747
Methyl nicotinate Methyl isonicotinate
cry
nd
pl (w), nd (sub) liq
s chl
138 142 153
1.03016
1.50020
81.117
-4 32 30.5 oct pr or nd 275 dec (w, al) liq -56.32
112.81
0.914515
1.487520
636-41-9
81.117
liq
-35.6
147.6
0.944615
1.503516
C5H7N C5H11N C5H7NO2
616-43-3 120-94-5 1121-07-9
81.117 85.148 113.116
liq
-48.4
142.9; 4511 81 234
0.818820
1.497020 1.424720
C5H9NS C5H9NO C8H15NO
10441-57-3 108-27-0 496-49-1
115.197 99.131 141.211
1000.08 248 76.511
1.045820
C10H14N2
22083-74-5
162.231
244
7763 N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
C5H9NO
872-50-4
99.131
7764 1-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl) ethanone 7765 6-Methyl-8-quinolinamine
C7H9NO
932-16-1
123.152
8-Amino-6-methylquinoline
C10H10N2
68420-93-9
158.199
nd
73
sub
7766 2-Methylquinoline
Quinaldine
C10H9N
91-63-4
143.185
col oily liq
-0.8
246.5
1.0625
1.611620
C10H9N
612-58-8
143.185
pr
16.5
259.8
1.067320
1.617120
C10H9N
491-35-0
143.185
col oily liq
9.5
262
1.08320
1.620020
7769 5-Methylquinoline
C10H9N
7661-55-4
143.185
col cry
19
262.7
1.083220
1.621920
7770 6-Methylquinoline
C10H9N
91-62-3
143.185
col oily liq
-22
258.6
1.065420
1.615720
C10H9N
612-60-2
143.185
ye cry
39
257.6
1.060920
1.615020
7772 8-Methylquinoline
C10H9N
611-32-5
143.185
col liq
-80
247.5
1.071920
1.616420
7773 2-Methyl-8-quinolinol
C10H9NO
826-81-3
159.184
73.8
267
7774 1-Methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone
C10H9NO
606-43-9
159.184
nd (lig)
74
325
C10H9NO
83-54-5
159.184
C9H8N2
7251-61-8
144.173
α-nd (bz); β-cry (al) ye cry
180.5
244
C15H15N3O2
493-52-7
269.299
C6H12O5
7473-45-2
164.156
7750 7751 7752 7753
2-Methylpyrimidine 4-Methylpyrimidine 5-Methylpyrimidine 6-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione 7754 1-Methylpyrrole
2-Methyl-1,3-diazine 4-Methyl-1,3-diazine 5-Methyl-1,3-diazine 6-Methyluracil
Hygrine
7767 3-Methylquinoline 7768 4-Methylquinoline
7771 7-Methylquinoline
7775 1-Methyl-4(1H)-quinolinone
Lepidine
m-Toluquinoline
Echinopsine
7776 2-Methylquinoxaline
7777 Methyl Red
7778 Methyl β-D-ribofuranoside
Benzoic acid, 2-[[4(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]-
nd (ethpeth, al, ace) oil
71
43
liq
-23.09
viol or red pr 183 (to, bz) 80
s H2O, EtOH, bz sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth, bz
msc H2O; sl peth, lig vs H2O s H2O, EtOH; sl chl msc H2O msc H2O vs H2O s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, tfa; vs NH3 i H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth msc EtOH, eth vs H2O, eth s H2O, EtOH; vs eth
1.455520
vs EtOH, chl
1.008220
1.528920
202
1.023025
1.468420
201252, 9322
1.044515
1.540315
msc H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl; s lig vs H2O; s eth, ace, chl s EtOH, bz, chl vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, ctc, chl vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; i alk sl H2O; s ace; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace sl H2O; s ace; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc sl H2O, lig; s EtOH, eth, ace; vs bz s H2O; vs EtOH, bz, chl; sl eth msc H2O, eth, ace, bz; vs EtOH; s ctc sl H2O, lig; s EtOH; vs ace, bz, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-375 O
O
O
O N 3-Methylpyridine
O
N
N 4-Methylpyridine
N
N
6-Methyl-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde
Methyl 3-pyridinecarboxylate
Methyl 4-pyridinecarboxylate
O N O
N O
N O
2-Methylpyridine-1-oxide
3-Methylpyridine-1-oxide
N
O N
4-Methylpyridine-1-oxide
1-Methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone
1-(6-Methyl-3-pyridinyl)ethanone
O N N
N
N
NH2
N
4-Methyl-2-pyrimidinamine
N
N
N H
N
N
2-Methylpyrimidine
4-Methylpyrimidine
N H
N H
N
3-Methylpyrrole
N-Methylpyrrolidine
N 1-Methylpyrrole
2-Methylpyrrole
5-Methylpyrimidine
O
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinethione
N
O
N
3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, (±)
N
N NH2
1-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone
5-Methylquinoline
N
6-Methyl-8-quinolinamine
6-Methylquinoline
N
2-Methylquinoline
7-Methylquinoline
N 1-Methyl-2(1H)-quinolinone
N 1-Methyl-4(1H)-quinolinone
2-Methyl-8-quinolinol
OH N
O
N OH
8-Methylquinoline
O
N
3-Methylquinoline
N
N
N
N
4-Methylquinoline
N
1-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-2-propanone, (R)
O
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N
N
5-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
O
N
1-Methyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
O N
O
6-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
O
N H
S
H
N 2-Methylquinoxaline
O N N Methyl Red
HO
O O
HO
OH
Methyl β-D-ribofuranoside
3-376
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
7779 Methyl salicylate
Methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
C8H8O3
119-36-8
152.148
liq
-8
222.9
1.18125
1.53520
sl H2O; vs eth, EtOH, chl
CH6Si CH6OSi CH6Sn C19H38O2 C9H10 C9H10
992-94-9 2171-96-2 1631-78-3 112-61-8 611-15-4 100-80-1
46.145 62.144 136.769 298.504 118.175 118.175
col gas col gas col gas
-156.5 -98.5
liq liq
39.1 -68.5 -86.3
-57.5 -21; -8710 0 443; 21515 169.8 164
0.849840 0.907725 0.907625
1.436740 1.543720 1.541120
7786 4-Methylstyrene 7787 Methylsuccinic acid
C9H10 C5H8O4
622-97-9 636-60-2
118.175 132.116
liq pr
-34.1 115
172.8 dec
0.917325 1.42000
1.5420 1.4303
7788 Methyl sulfate
CH4O4S
75-93-4
112.106
<-30
dec 135
C7H8OS C11H24OS C5H10O2S C3H6O2S C9H8O4
1193-82-4 3079-28-5 872-93-5 3680-02-2 1679-64-7
140.203 204.373 134.197 106.144 180.158
32.0 52.5 1
263.5; 14013
C20H30O2
58-18-4
302.451
163.5
7795 Methyl tetradecanoate
C15H30O2
124-10-7
242.398
19
7796 5-N-Methyl-5,6,7,8tetrahydrofolic acid 7797 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran
C20H25N7O6
134-35-0
459.456
C5H10O
96-47-9
86.132
7798 N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline Tetryl
C7H5N5O8
479-45-8
287.144
7799 4-Methyl-2-thiazolamine
C4H6N2S
1603-91-4
114.169
7800 2-Methylthiazole
C4H5NS
3581-87-1
99.155
7801 4-Methylthiazole 7802 4-Methyl-5-thiazoleethanol
C4H5NS C6H9NOS
693-95-8 137-00-8
99.155 143.206
7803 7804 7805 7806 7807
C4H5NS2 C3H6S C3H6O2S C7H9NS C7H9NS
5685-06-3 1072-43-1 2444-37-3 2987-53-3 104-96-1
131.220 74.145 106.144 139.218 139.218
C7H8S
100-68-5
124.204
7809 2-(Methylthio)benzothiazole 7810 Methyl thiocyanate
C8H7NS2 C2H3NS
615-22-5 556-64-9
181.279 73.117
7811 2-(Methylthio)ethanol
C3H8OS
5271-38-5
92.160
7812 7813 7814 7815
C3H6S C8H10S C5H8O3S C5H6S
1822-74-8 766-92-7 583-92-6 554-14-3
74.145 138.230 148.181 98.167
liq oil liq
7816 3-Methylthiophene
C5H6S
616-44-4
98.167
liq
7817 5-Methyl-2thiophenecarboxaldehyde 7818 4-(Methylthio)phenol 7819 3-(Methylthio)propanal 7820 3-(Methylthio)propanoic acid
C6H6OS
13679-70-4
126.176
C7H8OS C4H8OS C4H8O2S
1073-72-9 3268-49-3 646-01-5
140.203 104.171 120.171
10152-76-8 6610-29-3
88.172 105.162
7780 7781 7782 7783 7784 7785
7789 7790 7791 7792 7793
Methylsilane Methyl silyl ether Methylstannane Methyl stearate 2-Methylstyrene 3-Methylstyrene
(Methylsulfinyl)benzene 1-(Methylsulfinyl)decane 3-Methyl sulfolane (Methylsulfonyl)ethene Methyl terephthalate
7794 17-Methyltestosterone
Decyl methyl sulfoxide
Methyl 1,4benzenedicarboxylate 17-Hydroxy-17-methylandrost4-en-3-one, (17β)
2-Amino-4-methylthiazole
4-Methyl-2(3H)-thiazolethione Methylthiirane (Methylthio)acetic acid 2-(Methylthio)aniline 4-(Methylthio)aniline
7808 (Methylthio)benzene
Methyl phenyl sulfide
(Methylthio)ethene [(Methylthio)methyl]benzene 4-(Methylthio)-2-oxobutanoic acid 2-Methylthiophene
7821 3-(Methylthio)-1-propene 7822 N-Methylthiosemicarbazide
S-Methylpropiothetin
C4H8S NC2H7N3S Methylhydrazinecarbothioamide
cry
nd (w)
222
276 12224 subl ≈ 230
dec H2O vs eth, chl i H2O; s bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s bz vs H2O, EtOH, MeOH; s eth; sl chl vs H2O, eth, EtOH
1.588520 1.18825 1.211720
1.477220 1.463620
s eth, ace
vs eth, EtOH 295; 1557
0.867120
1.42545
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl, ctc
78
0.855220
1.405921
131.5
exp 180
1.5710
45.5
12520, 700.4
s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl ctc i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, chl; s ace, bz, py vs H2O, EtOH, eth msc H2O; s EtOH, ace s H2O, EtOH, eth vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl vs EtOH s chl
cry (w)
ye pr (al)
128 133.3 1357
1.11225 1.19624
1883 72.5 13027 234 272.5
0.94120 1.22120 1.11125 1.137920
1.47220 1.49520 1.623920 1.639520
194.3
1.057920
1.586820
17422 132.9
1.067825
1.466925
7020
1.06320
1.486130
-30
69.5 210; 12048
0.902620 1.027420
1.483720 1.562020
-63.4
112.6
1.019320
1.520320
-69
115.5
1.021820
1.520420
col to pa ye ye cry (dil al) 89.3 liq -91 13.0
pr (dil al) col liq
1.510
52 -2.5
11425 84 ye oil or fl (hx)
21
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, hp, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; vs chl s chl
15420, 1136 6211 13213 92
136.5
1.582520
s EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH; vs ace s EtOH, chl sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc vs H2O, eth, EtOH s eth, ace, chl
0.876720
1.471420 s H2O, EtOH, DMSO; i eth, bz, lig
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
3-377
O H O Si H H
H Si H H
OH Methyl salicylate
Methylsilane
H Sn H H
Methyl silyl ether
O O
Methylstannane
Methyl stearate
O
O O S O OH
OH
HO O 2-Methylstyrene
3-Methylstyrene
4-Methylstyrene
Methylsuccinic acid
S
Methyl sulfate
O
O
(Methylsulfinyl)benzene
OH OH
S O
O S O
S O
1-(Methylsulfinyl)decane
O
3-Methyl sulfolane
O
(Methylsulfonyl)ethene
O O H O
H2N
N
O
17-Methyltestosterone
OH OH O
N H
N H
O Methyl tetradecanoate
N
O
N H
N
N
O
Methyl terephthalate
O
5-N-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid
2-Methyltetrahydrofuran
NO2 NO2
O2N
N
N NO2
NH2
S
N-Methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline
N
S
4-Methyl-2-thiazolamine
N HO
S
2-Methylthiazole
4-Methylthiazole
S
4-Methyl-5-thiazoleethanol
NH2 NH2
H N S
S
S
O S
S
4-Methyl-2(3H)-thiazolethione
Methylthiirane
S
S
2-(Methylthio)aniline
S
S N (Methylthio)benzene
S
OH
(Methylthio)acetic acid
S
N
2-(Methylthio)benzothiazole
Methyl thiocyanate
4-(Methylthio)aniline
S
OH
2-(Methylthio)ethanol
(Methylthio)ethene
O S
S
OH O
[(Methylthio)methyl]benzene
S
4-(Methylthio)-2-oxobutanoic acid
S
S
2-Methylthiophene
3-Methylthiophene
O
5-Methyl-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde
OH
S S 4-(Methylthio)phenol
S
O
3-(Methylthio)propanal
H N
OH O
3-(Methylthio)propanoic acid
S 3-(Methylthio)-1-propene
H N
NH2
S N-Methylthiosemicarbazide
3-378
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7823 Methylthiouracil
C5H6N2OS
56-04-2
142.179
7824 Methylthiourea
C2H6N2S
598-52-7
90.147
pr (EtOH)
121
C6H8N2O2
4160-72-9
140.140
nd (w)
295
C37H40N2O13Na4S 1945-77-3 80-48-8 C8H10O3S
844.743 186.228
bl-viol cry
C7H12O6Si C4H5N3O2
4253-34-3 932-53-6
220.252 127.102
C6H6N4O
2503-56-2
150.138
C3H3Cl3O2
598-99-2
177.414
liq
-17.5
153.8
1.487420
1.457220
CH3Cl3Si C14H28O2 C7H18Pb C3H3F3O2 C2H3F3O C8H8O5
75-79-6 1731-88-0 1762-28-3 431-47-0 421-14-7 99-24-1
149.480 228.371 309.4 128.050 100.039 184.147
liq
-90 6.5
65.6 921 7016 43.0 -23.66
1.27320
1.410620 1.440520
C11H14O5 C19H18O3Si C9H12ClO2PS3 C12H14N2O2
1916-07-0 3439-97-2 953-17-3 526-31-8
226.226 322.430 314.812 218.251
C10H13NO3 C11H16ClNO3
537-49-5 7361-31-1
195.215 245.703
C12H24O
110-41-8
184.318
No. Name
7825 1-Methylthymine
Synonym
1,5-Dimethyl-2,4(1 H,3H)pyrimidinedione
7826 Methylthymol blue, sodium salt 7827 Methyl 4-toluenesulfonate
7828 Methyltriacetoxysilane 7829 6-Methyl-1,2,4-triazine3,5(2H,4H)-dione 7830 5-Methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ol 7831 Methyl trichloroacetate 7832 7833 7834 7835 7836 7837
Methyltrichlorosilane Methyl tridecanoate Methyltriethyllead Methyl trifluoroacetate Methyl trifluoromethyl ether Methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
7838 7839 7840 7841
Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate Methyltriphenoxysilane Methyl trithion N-Methyl-L-tryptophan
7842 N-Methyl-L-tyrosine 7843 α-Methyl-DL-tyrosine, methyl ester, hydrochloride 7844 2-Methylundecanal 7845 7846 7847 7848 7849
Methylsilanetriol, triacetate 6-Azathymine
Triethylmethylplumbane
L-Abrine Surinamine
7856 7857 7858 7859
5-Methyluridine 3-Methyl-L-valine 2-(1-Methylvinyl)aniline 1-Methyl-4-vinylcyclohexene 4-(1-Methylvinyl)-1-cyclohexene1-carboxaldehyde, (R) 4-(1-Methylvinyl)-1-cyclohexene1-carboxaldehyde, (S) 4-(1-Methylvinyl)-1-cyclohexene1-methanol (1-Methylvinyl)cyclopropane Methyl vinyl ether
sub
1.208740
40.5 211
11117
1.175020
Solubility
s H2O i H2O; vs EtOH, bz; s eth, ctc; sl lig 1.408320 s H2O, EtOH, ace
>245
col liq col gas mcl pr (MeOH)
-149 202 83
ye liq pr (w)
-18 295 dec
nd
293 190 dec
-27.5
C2H6N2O
598-50-5
74.081
orth pr (w, al) 104.9
1463-10-1 20859-02-3 52562-19-3 17699-86-4 5503-12-8
258.227 131.173 133.190 122.207 150.217
cry (EtOH)
d-Perillaldehyde
C10H14N2O6 C6H13NO2 C9H11N C9H14 C10H14O
l-Perillaldehyde
C10H14O
18031-40-8
150.217
C10H16O
536-59-4
152.233
C6H10 C3H6O
4663-22-3 107-25-5
82.143 58.079
liq col gas
C24H28ClN3 C21H27N3O2 C15H14O5
8004-87-3 361-37-5 495-85-2
393.952 353.458 274.269
3060-89-7
259.099
bl-viol pow 137 dec cry 195 nd (MeOH), 137 pr (ace) 95
51218-45-2 17560-51-9 56392-17-7 21087-64-9 443-48-1
283.795 365.834 684.815 214.288 171.153
74223-64-6 7786-34-7 315-18-4
381.364 224.148 222.283
1.7120 1.2820
274.5 269100, 1792
1.13520
1.559920 sl H2O; misc os sl H2O, MeOH; i eth; s alk s H2O
0.83215
1.432120
0.748525
1.4191 1.420825
0.830015 0.88915
1.438220 1.439320
dec
1.20400
liq oil
11520, 9513 152 238; 997
0.97725 0.85 0.95320
1.572220 1.470120 1.505820
oil
10410
0.964520
1.507220
244; 12.512
0.969020
1.500520
70 5.5
0.75120 0.77250
1.425220 1.37300
cry
vs eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, HOAc; sl ctc vs H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz; s CS2, lig
184 248 dec
-102.3 -122
s ctc
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz s H2O, EtOH
1.6020 1000.001
wh cry
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth
20
210.2 211.2 12310 12912 248
cry (EtOH) cry
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ctc dec H2O, EtOH msc EtOH; s ctc
sl H2O; vs EtOH, MeOH
11916, 11410
liq
3-(p-Bromophenyl)-1-methoxy- C9H11BrN2O2 1-methylurea C15H22ClNO2 C16H16ClN3O3S C34H56N2O12 C8H14N4OS 2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole- C6H9N3O3 1-ethanol C14H15N5O6S C7H13O6P 4-(Dimethylamino)-3,5-xylyl C12H18N2O2 methylcarbamate
nD
i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, MeOH, bz vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth; s ace s H2O
292; 18622
-45.6 -58.0
Thymine riboside L-tert-Leucine
den/ g cm-3
28.5
liq col liq
7863 Metobromuron
7869 Metsulfuron-methyl 7870 Mevinphos 7871 Mexacarbate
330 dec
170.334 170.334 200.318 186.333 198.302
C.I. Basic Violet 1
Metolachlor Metolazone Metoprolol tartrate Metribuzin Metronidazole
bp/˚C
7045-71-8 1002-43-3 1731-86-8 10522-26-6 111-81-9
7860 Methyl Violet 7861 Methysergide 7862 Methysticin
7864 7865 7866 7867 7868
cry (w)
mp/˚C
C12H26 C12H26 C12H24O2 C12H26O C12H22O2
2-Methylundecane 3-Methylundecane Methyl undecanoate 2-Methyl-1-undecanol Methyl 10-undecenoate
7850 N-Methylurea
7851 7852 7853 7854 7855
Physical Form
254 121 126 160.5 163 21 (E), 6.9 (Z) 1010.3 85
1.1220
1.3120
sl H2O vs EtOH, bz, ace
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-379 OH O O
OH N N H
O
H H N
S
N
S
Methylthiouracil
Methylthiourea
N
N
SO3 Na
O Cl Cl
5-Methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-ol
O
Cl
O
O
O
F F
F
F
Methyl trifluoroacetate
HO
Methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Methyltrichlorosilane
Methyl tridecanoate
Methyltriethyllead
HN OH
O Si O O
O
S
S Cl
Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
Methyltriphenoxysilane
O
S O P O
N H
Methyl trithion
N-Methyl-L-tryptophan
O
O
O NH2
OH HN
HO
Pb O
O
OH
Methyl trifluoromethyl ether
O
O
O
OH
Methyltriacetoxysilane
Cl Si Cl Cl
O
Methyl trichloroacetate
O
Methyl 4-toluenesulfonate
O F F
O
O Methylthymol blue, sodium salt
OH
6-Methyl-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione
O Si O O
O
N N
H
O
O O S O
OH
H
N
O
O O N
1-Methylthymine
N
H N
O
N
O
N
HO
NH2
OH HO
HO
HCl
O
Îą-Methyl-DL-tyrosine, methyl ester, hydrochloride
N-Methyl-L-tyrosine
2-Methylundecanal
2-Methylundecane
3-Methylundecane
O H
H N
O OH
O Methyl undecanoate
O
2-Methyl-1-undecanol
NH2 OH
HO
N-Methylurea
O
O
NH2 O
Methyl 10-undecenoate
N
O
HO O
N
O
OH
5-Methyluridine
3-Methyl-L-valine
O
OH
NH2
2-(1-Methylvinyl)aniline
1-Methyl-4-vinylcyclohexene
4-(1-Methylvinyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, (R)
N
N
4-(1-Methylvinyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde, (S)
Cl
HO
4-(1-Methylvinyl)-1-cyclohexene-1-methanol
O N H
N
O
H O
NH
O (1-Methylvinyl)cyclopropane
N
Methyl vinyl ether
Methyl Violet
O
O
O
Methysergide
Methysticin
O HN
N
O
O O
N
O
H2N
Cl
OH O
N
O N H
Cl Br Metobromuron
O
S
Metolachlor
OH OH
H N
O
O OH OH
O 2
Metolazone
Metoprolol tartrate
O
O
NH2 S N N
N
Metribuzin
O
N
O N O
N
Metronidazole
OH
O O N N O O O S N N N H H Metsulfuron-methyl
O
O O P O O
N H
O O Mevinphos
N Mexacarbate
3-380
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
RU-486
C17H25NO2 C29H35NO2 C8H10N2O4
113-48-4 84371-65-3 500-44-7
275.387 429.594 198.176
7875 Minocycline
C23H27N3O7
10118-90-8
457.476
7876 Minoxidil
C9H15N5O
38304-91-5
209.248
No. Name 7872 MGK 264 7873 Mifepristone 7874 Mimosine
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
157
1.04
cry tab (w)
<-20 150 228 dec
ye-oran amorp solid cry
248
182.175
C10Cl12 C22H38O5 C52H76O24
2385-85-5 59122-46-2 18378-89-7
545.543 cry (bz) 382.534 ye oil 1085.145 ye cry (ace)
182
C16H19N3O6 C16H19N3O6 C15H18N4O5
4055-39-4 4055-40-7 50-07-7
349.338 349.338 334.328
160 dec dec 360
C14H10Cl4 C23H30N2O4
53-19-0 4098-40-2
320.041 398.495
2212-67-1
187.302
7416-34-4 13939-06-5 131-70-4
276.374 264.00 222.237
cry
1118-46-3 315-22-0 6923-22-4 1746-81-2
282.183 325.357 223.164 214.648
hyg liq -63 wh pr (EtOH) 198 dec 55 solid 77
9310
0.8520
1250.0005
1.3320
627-91-8
160.168
lf (Me3NMeOH)
15810
1.062320
1.428320
C6H10O4 C5H8NNaO4 C20H21N3O3 C15H10O7
1501-27-5 142-47-2 19395-58-5 480-16-0
146.141 169.113 351.399 302.236
15827, 15010
1.16925
1.438120
C17H19NO3
57-27-2
285.338
pr
255
sub 190
C4H10N2O C4H9NO
4319-49-7 110-91-8
102.134 87.120
hyg liq
-4.8
166 128
1.05925 1.000520
1.477220 1.454820
7902 4-Morpholinecarboxaldehyde 7903 4-Morpholineethanamine
C5H9NO2 C6H14N2O
4394-85-8 2038-03-1
115.131 130.187
21 25.6
239 205
1.152020 0.989720
1.484520 1.471520
7904 4-Morpholineethanol
C6H13NO2
622-40-2
131.173
liq
-0.8
227
1.071020
1.476320
220; 13450
0.985420
1.476220
7878 Mirex 7879 Misoprostol 7880 Mithramycin
Plicamycin
7881 Mitomycin A 7882 Mitomycin B 7883 Mitomycin C 7884 Mitotane 7885 Mitragynine 7886 Molinate
7887 Molindone 7888 Molybdenum hexacarbonyl 7889 Monobutyl phthalate 7890 7891 7892 7893
Monobutyltin trichloride Monocrotaline Monocrotophos Monolinuron
7894 Monomethyl adipate 7895 7896 7897 7898
9-Methoxycorynantheidine
Ethyl 1C9H17NOS hexamethyleneiminecarbothiol ate C16H24N2O2 C6MoO6 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, C12H14O4 monobutyl ester C4H9Cl3Sn C16H23NO6 C7H14NO5P N’-(4-Chlorophenyl)-NC9H11ClN2O2 methoxy-N-methylurea C7H12O4
Monomethyl glutarate Monosodium L-glutamate Moquizone Morin
7899 Morphine
7900 4-Morpholinamine 7901 Morpholine
Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
purp nd purp-bl nd bl-viol cry
wh amor pow
65 485 dec
77 104
s H2O, MeOH, ace 2355
pl (ace, al)
s EtOH, chl, HOAc 1.06320
180 dec 150 73.5
9
s os vs EtOH, chl s bz, CH2Cl2
C7H16N2O
123-00-2
144.214
liq
-15
7906 2-(4-Morpholinothio) benzothiazole 7907 4-(4-Morpholinyl)aniline 7908 2-(4-Morpholinyldithio) benzothiazole 7909 Muldamine 7910 Murexide
4-(2-Benzothiazolylthio) morpholine
C11H12N2OS2
102-77-2
252.355
cry (EtOH)
85
C10H14N2O C11H12N2OS3
2524-67-6 95-32-9
178.230 284.420
131.6 135
C29H47NO3 C8H10N6O7
36069-45-1 3051-09-0
457.688 302.201
210
C4H6N2O2
2763-96-4
114.103
cry (EtOH)
175 dec
7912 Myclobutanil
C15H17ClN4
88671-89-0
288.776
ye cry
65
7913 Mycophenolic acid
C17H20O6
24280-93-1
320.337
nd (w)
141
s EtOH
s H2O s chl sl H2O, eth; vs EtOH; s bz, alk; i CS2 i H2O, eth, ace; s MeOH, py; sl EtOH
136 pa ye nd (+ 1 303.5 w, dil al)
4-(3-Aminopropyl)morpholine
7911 Muscimol
vs bz, diox s H2O s H2O, EtOH, AcOEt; sl bz, eth
20210
7905 4-Morpholinepropanamine
5,5’-Nitrilobarbituric acid, ammonium salt 5-(Aminomethyl)-3(2H)isoxazolone
125
i ace, bz, chl, sl; EtOH, MeOH sl H2O
2
371-86-8
Bis(isopropylamido) fluorophosphate Hexachloropentadiene dimer
Solubility
sl H2O; i EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s dil alk
C6H16FN2OP
7877 Mipafox
cry (peth)
nD
msc H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl chl msc H2O, EtOH, bz, lig; s ace s H2O, EtOH; sl ctc msc H2O, EtOH, bz, lig; s ace; sl ctc
sl H2O; i EtOH, eth; s alk
2051.0
i H2O, peth; s EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl; sl bz, tol
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-381
N HO
O
N
H
N
N
NH2 OH
NH2
O Mifepristone
HO OH O
OH O
Mimosine
N
H
O
N
O HN P F NH
NH2
O
Minocycline
O
O
N
NH2
OH
MGK 264
H
H
OH
O
H
O
N
O
Minoxidil
Mipafox
OH
O O
O
HO O
O
HO
HO O
HO Cl
Cl
Cl
O
N
HO HO
OH
Mirex
O OH
O
CH3
Cl Cl
NH2
O
O O
O
O
O
OH
NH2
O
O
O
Cl Cl Cl Cl
O
O
Cl
Cl
OH
O
OH
Cl
O
OH OH O
N H
N
O
Misoprostol
Mithramycin
N
O Mitomycin A
Mitomycin B
O O NH2
O
O O
H2N
Cl
Cl
Cl
O H
O
Mitomycin C
Mitotane
N
CO OC
N
O
Cl
O
O
H
O
N H
N
N
N H H
O
N H
S
Mitragynine
Molinate
OC
Molindone
Mo CO
CO CO
Molybdenum hexacarbonyl
O HO HO
O
O
O
O H
Cl Sn Cl Cl
O Monobutyl phthalate
HO
Monocrotaline
NH2
HO
Monomethyl adipate
NH2 N
O
O
H
N
OH
Moquizone
O
HO
O
Monolinuron
OH OH O
O
O
O Monomethyl glutarate
HO
OH O
N O
Monosodium L-glutamate
O
Cl
Monocrotophos
N O Na
N O HO
O
N
Monobutyltin trichloride
O
HN
O O P O O NH
O O
OH O O
N
HO
Morin
Morphine
O
H N
N
O
O
O
4-Morpholinamine
Morpholine
4-Morpholinecarboxaldehyde
NH2 NH2
OH
NH2 N
N
N
S N O
O 4-Morpholineethanamine
4-Morpholineethanol
4-Morpholinepropanamine
S
O
S
O
N
N
N
S
O
2-(4-Morpholinothio)benzothiazole
4-(4-Morpholinyl)aniline
S N
O
2-(4-Morpholinyldithio)benzothiazole
O O
Cl N H H O O HO Muldamine
NH4 O H N O
N H
O N OO Murexide
N N
N H
OH
H OH O
H2N
O Muscimol
N
N
N N
Myclobutanil
O
OH
Mycophenolic acid
O
3-382
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
7914 β-Myrcene
7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6octadiene
C10H16
123-35-3
136.234
C11H12O3
607-91-0
192.211
142-59-6
256.344
cry (w)
42200-33-9
309.401
cry (bz)
C4H7Br2Cl2O4P
300-76-5
380.784
27
C12H12N2O3
389-08-2
232.234
229.5
C21H25NO3 C19H21NO3
55096-26-9 62-67-9
339.429 311.375
cry (AcOEt) cry (eth)
189 208
C19H21NO4 C20H23NO4 C18H26O2 C14H14ClN2 C18H12
465-65-6 16590-41-3 434-22-0 550-99-2 92-24-0
327.375 341.402 274.398 245.727 228.288
cry (AcOEt) cry (ace) cry
178 169 112
oran-ye lf (bz, xyl)
357
7927 5,12-Naphthacenedione
C18H10O2
1090-13-7
258.271
7928 Naphthalene
C10H8
91-20-3
128.171
mcl pl (al)
7929 1-Naphthaleneacetamide
C12H11NO
86-86-2
185.221
nd(w, al)
7915 Myristicin 7916 Nabam 7917 Nadolol 7918 Naled
Sodium C4H6N2Na2S4 ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid C17H27NO4 1,2-Dibromo-2,2dichloroethylphosphoric acid, dimethyl ester
7919 Nalidixic acid 7920 Nalmefene 7921 Nalorphine 7922 7923 7924 7925 7926
Naloxone Naltrexone Nandrolone Naphazoline hydrochloride Naphthacene
Acetorphin
17-Hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one 2,3-Benzanthracene
Physical Form
mp/˚C
<-20
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
167
0.801315
1.472220
276.5
1.141620
1.540320
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, HOAc i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz s H2O
≈130
s EtOH; sl chl; i ace, eth, hx 1100.5
1.9620
sl EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O; s alk, ace, EtOH i peth; s chl
sub
285 dec 80.26
217.9
1.025320
1.589825
1.619220 1.629818
sub 180
7930 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
1-Naphthylacetic acid
C12H10O2
86-87-3
186.206
nd (w)
133
7931 2-Naphthaleneacetic acid 7932 1-Naphthaleneacetonitrile 7933 1-Naphthalenecarbonitrile
2-Naphthylacetic acid
C12H10O2 C12H9N C11H7N
581-96-4 132-75-2 86-53-3
186.206 167.206 153.181
lf(w) cry (bz) 143 32.5 nd (lig) 37.5
19218, 16312 299
1.108025
7934 2-Naphthalenecarbonitrile
C11H7N
613-46-7
153.181
lf (lig)
66
306.5
1.075560
7935 1-Naphthalenecarbonyl chloride 7936 2-Naphthalenecarbonyl chloride 7937 1-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde
C11H7ClO C11H7ClO C11H8O
879-18-5 2243-83-6 66-77-3
190.626 190.626 156.181
cry (peth) pa ye
20 51 33.5
297.5 305 292
1.150320
1.650720
7938 2-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde
C11H8O
66-99-9
156.181
lf (w)
62
16019
1.077599
1.621199
>300
1.39825
1.46
>300
1.077100
sub
1.425
20512
1.126590 1.096826
7939 1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid
1-Naphthoic acid
C11H8O2
86-55-5
172.181
7940 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid
2-Naphthoic acid
C11H8O2
93-09-4
172.181
7941 1,5-Naphthalenediamine
1,5-Diaminonaphthalene
C10H10N2
2243-62-1
158.199
nd (HOAc-w, 161 w, al) nd (lig, chl, 185.5 sub) pl (ace) pr (eth, al, w) 190
7942 1,8-Naphthalenediamine 7943 2,3-Naphthalenediamine
1,8-Diaminonaphthalene 2,3-Diaminonaphthalene
C10H10N2 C10H10N2
479-27-6 771-97-1
158.199 158.199
lf (eth, w)
7944 1,8-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
Naphthalic acid
C12H8O4
518-05-8
216.190
7945 2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
C12H8O4
2169-87-1
216.190
pr (HOAc, w, 244.5 sub)
7946 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
C12H8O4
1141-38-4
216.190
nd (al or sub)
7947 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester 7948 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate 1,5-Diisocyanatonaphthalene 7949 1,3-Naphthalenediol Naphthoresorcinol
C14H12O4
840-65-3
244.243
C12H6N2O2 C10H8O2
3173-72-6 132-86-5
210.188 160.170
cry lf (w)
127 123.5
7950 1,4-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
571-60-8
160.170
192
7951 1,5-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
83-56-7
160.170
mcl nd (bz, w) pr (w), nd (sub)
66.5 199
dec
260
>300 dec
1.682899 1.639226
s EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O i H2O; sl bz; s con sulf sl ace, bz, gl HOAc i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz, CS2 i H2O; s eth, bz, CS2, HOAc sl H2O, EtOH; vs eth, ace, chl; s bz vs eth, lig, chl s EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s lig sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, eth, lig vs bz, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, sulf sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace i H2O; vs eth, EtOH, chl sl H2O, DMSO, lig; s EtOH, eth, chl s H2O, EtOH, eth; vs chl vs eth, EtOH sl H2O, DMSO; vs EtOH; s eth i H2O; sl EtOH, eth i H2O, bz, chl; sl EtOH, eth, DMSO vs EtOH
190.0
262 dec
18310
sub
s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ace, bz, lig s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ace; i bz sl H2O, EtOH; vs eth, ace; i bz; s HOAc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-383 OH
O O
Myristicin
O O O P O O Br
N
Naled
OH
H N
S Na
Nadolol
HO
HO
O
HO
O
O N OH
N
Nalidixic acid
OH O
Nabam
OH Br Cl Cl
N H
S
O β-Myrcene
S
H N
Na S
O N OH
N
H HO
O
Nalmefene
Nalorphine
Naloxone
HO OH O
H
N N H
H
N OH O
HCl
O Naltrexone
Nandrolone
Naphazoline hydrochloride
O
O
Naphthacene
O NH2
OH OH O
O 5,12-Naphthacenedione
Naphthalene
N
1-Naphthaleneacetamide
1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
N
O
2-Naphthaleneacetic acid
Cl
O
N
Cl 1-Naphthaleneacetonitrile
1-Naphthalenecarbonitrile
2-Naphthalenecarbonitrile
1-Naphthalenecarbonyl chloride
2-Naphthalenecarbonyl chloride
NH2 O
O
OH
O OH
O
NH2 1-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde
2-Naphthalenecarboxaldehyde
1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid
2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid
1,5-Naphthalenediamine
OH NH2 NH2
HOOC
NH2
COOH
O O
NH2 1,8-Naphthalenediamine
OH O HO
OH
2,3-Naphthalenediamine
1,8-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
N
C
O
2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
O
O
OH O
O O 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester
OH
OH
O
C
N
1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate
OH 1,3-Naphthalenediol
OH 1,4-Naphthalenediol
OH 1,5-Naphthalenediol
3-384
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
7952 1,6-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
575-44-0
160.170
pr (bz)
138
sub
7953 1,7-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
575-38-2
160.170
nd (bz or sub)
180.5
sub
7954 2,3-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
92-44-4
160.170
lf (w)
163.5
7955 2,6-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
581-43-1
160.170
orth pl (w)
220
sub
7956 2,7-Naphthalenediol
C10H8O2
582-17-2
160.170
nd, (w, dil al), 193 pl (dil al)
sub
ye-red nd (eth) oran lf (bz) bt ye nd (al, peth) ye (sub) pl (+4w, dil HOAc) oran pr (+4w, HOAc or w) hyg nd (conc HCl)
No. Name
Synonym
7957 1,2-Naphthalenedione
1,2-Naphthoquinone
C10H6O2
524-42-5
158.154
7958 1,4-Naphthalenedione
1,4-Naphthoquinone
C10H6O2
130-15-4
158.154
7959 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid
Armstrong’s acid
C10H8O6S2
81-04-9
288.297
7960 1,6-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid
Naphthalene-1,6-disulfonic acid C10H8O6S2
525-37-1
288.297
7961 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid
Naphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid C10H8O6S2
92-41-1
288.297
7962 1-Naphthalenemethanamine
C11H11N
118-31-0
157.212
7963 1-Naphthalenemethanol
C11H10O
4780-79-4
158.196
7964 2-Naphthalenemethanol
C11H10O
1592-38-7
158.196
125 dec 199 1.095820
304; 16312
1.103980
17812
7965 1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid
α-Naphthylsulfonic acid
C10H8O3S
85-47-2
208.234
7966 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid
β-Naphthylsulfonic acid
C10H8O3S
120-18-3
208.234
7967 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride 7968 2-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride
C10H7ClO2S C10H7ClO2S
85-46-1 93-11-8
226.680 226.680
7969 1,4,5,8Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid 7970 1-Naphthalenethiol
C14H8O8
128-97-2
304.209
1-Naphthyl mercaptan
C10H8S
529-36-2
160.236
7971 2-Naphthalenethiol
2-Naphthyl mercaptan
C10H8S
91-60-1
160.236
pl (al)
81
C12H16Cl2N2
1465-25-4
259.174
hex pr
189
ANTU
C11H10N2S
86-88-4
202.275
pr (al)
198
C12H6O3
716-39-2
198.174
7975 1-Naphthol
2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride 1-Naphthalenol
C10H8O
90-15-3
144.170
ye nd (w)
95.0
288; 18440
1.098999
7976 2-Naphthol
2-Naphthalenol
C10H8O
135-19-3
144.170
mcl lf (w)
121.5
285
1.2820
7977 1-Naphthol, acetate
1-Naphthyl acetate
C12H10O2
830-81-9
186.206
nd or pl (al) 49
1141
7978 2-Naphthol, acetate
2-Naphthyl acetate
C12H10O2
1523-11-1
186.206
nd (al)
1322
C27H18O2 C12H6O3
145-50-6 81-84-5
374.431 198.174
123 275.0
α-Naphthylamine β-Naphthylamine Naptalam
C10H9N C10H9N C18H13NO3
134-32-7 91-59-8 132-66-1
143.185 143.185 291.301
49.2 113 185
2-Naphthalenol benzoate
C17H12O2
93-44-7
248.276
nd or pr (al) 107
C12H11NO
575-36-0
185.221
160
C12H14N2
551-09-7
186.252
7972 N-(1-Naphthalenyl)-1,2ethanediamine, dihydrochloride 7973 1-Naphthalenylthiourea 7974 Naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione
7979 p-Naphtholbenzein 7980 1H,3H-Naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran-1,3dione 7981 1-Naphthylamine 7982 2-Naphthylamine 7983 2-[(1-Naphthylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid 7984 2-Naphthyl benzoate 7985 N-1-Naphthalenylacetamide 7986 N-1-Naphthyl-1,2-ethanediamine
N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine
lf or nd (w, dil HCl)
sl H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, bz, chl, CS2 vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth s H2O; sl con HCl s EtOH, eth, sulf, CS2 sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs H2O, EtOH; s eth; sl bz
1.49325
292
140 91
dec
68 81
20920, 1470.9 20113, 1480.5
1.44125
320 dec 285; 16120 1.160720 288
1.680220
1.55025
246
visc lig
71.0
Solubility sl H2O, EtOH; s eth, ace, bz, DMSO sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, HOAc s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig, HOAc sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, ace; i lig s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl; sl ace; i lig s H2O, EtOH, eth, sulf; sl lig
sub
242 dec
nd (w, al), 64 cry (bz-lig) lf 81.3 pr (+2 w, dil HCl) hyg pl (+1w), cry (+3w, HCl) lf (eth) pow or lf (bzpeth)
nD
1.45025
146
128.5
den/ g cm-3
1.622499
300.7 306.2
1.022820 1.641498 1.420
1.614020 1.649398
2049
1.11425
1.664825
vs bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; sl peth; vs eth sl H2O, bz, chl, EtOH; vs ace sl H2O, dil alk; vs EtOH, eth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, lig vs H2O, EtOH i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, ace sl EtOH, chl; s eth, bz i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz; sl ctc i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, chl; sl lig i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O, eth, bz; sl EtOH; s HOAc s chl s H2O, EtOH, eth i H2O; sl EtOH, ace, bz, tfa i H2O; s EtOH; sl eth, HOAc s H2O, EtOH; sl eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds OH
3-385
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
HO 1,6-Naphthalenediol
1,7-Naphthalenediol
HO
HO
2,3-Naphthalenediol
2,6-Naphthalenediol
OH O S O
2,7-Naphthalenediol
OH O S O
O O
HO O S O
O
O
O S O OH
O 1,2-Naphthalenedione
1,4-Naphthalenedione
NH2
HO
1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid
S
O
OH 2-Naphthalenemethanol
HOOC
Cl O S O
O
S
1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid
SH COOH
1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid
S HN
OH O
SH
Cl O
2-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride
NH2
S
COOH
HOOC 1-Naphthalenesulfonyl chloride
OH O
S
2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid
OH O S O
1-Naphthalenemethanol
O
O
1,6-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid
OH
1-Naphthalenemethanamine
OH
HN
1-Naphthalenethiol
2-Naphthalenethiol
O NH2
OH O
2HCl
OH
O N-(1-Naphthalenyl)-1,2-ethanediamine, dihydrochloride
1-Naphthalenylthiourea
Naphtho[2,3-c]furan-1,3-dione
1-Naphthol
2-Naphthol
O O
O O
O
O
NH2
O
HO O
1-Naphthol, acetate
2-Naphthol, acetate
O
p-Naphtholbenzein
O
1H,3H-Naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran-1,3-dione
OH
1-Naphthylamine
O HN
HN
HN
NH2
O
NH2
O 2-Naphthylamine
2-[(1-Naphthylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid
2-Naphthyl benzoate
N-1-Naphthalenylacetamide
N-1-Naphthyl-1,2-ethanediamine
3-386
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
7987 1-Naphthyl 2-hydroxybenzoate 7988 1-Naphthylhydroxylamine 7989 1-Naphthyl isothiocyanate
1-Naphthyl salicylate C17H12O3 N-Hydroxyl-1-naphthalenamine C10H9NO 1-Isothiocyanatonaphthalene C11H7NS
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
550-97-0 607-30-7 551-06-4
264.275 159.184 185.246
wh nd (al)
83 79 58
7990 N-2-Naphthyl-2-naphthalenamine β,β’-Dinaphthylamine
C20H15N
532-18-3
269.340
lf(bz)
172.2
7991 (2-Naphthyloxy)acetic acid
2-Naphthoxyacetic acid
C12H10O3
120-23-0
202.205
pr(w)
156
7992 1-Naphthyl phosphate
1-Naphthalenol, dihydrogen phosphate 2-Naphthyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
C10H9O4P
1136-89-6
224.149
cry
160
C17H12O3
613-78-5
264.275
cry (al)
95.5
254-79-5 253-72-5 15299-99-7
130.147 130.147 271.355
ye nd (peth) 75 29.5 75
22204-53-1
230.259
cry (ace/hx) 155
131-28-2 125-55-3
445.462 303.152
138 115
7993 2-Naphthyl salicylate 7994 1,5-Naphthyridine 7995 1,6-Naphthyridine 7996 Napropamide 7997 Naproxen 7998 Narceine 7999 Narcobarbital
C8H6N2 C8H6N2 Propanamide, N,N-diethyl-2-(1- C17H21NO2 naphthalenyloxy)6-Methoxy-α-methyl-2C14H14O3 naphthaleneacetic acid C23H27NO8 C11H15BrN2O3
1,5-Diazanaphthalene
8000 Naringenin 8001 Naringin
C15H12O5 C27H32O14
480-41-1 10236-47-2
272.253 580.535
8002 Nealbarbital
C12H18N2O3
561-83-1
238.282
1754-58-1 471-77-2
200.175 302.451
2223-67-8 463-82-1
8003 Nellite 8004 Neoabietic acid 8005 Neobornylamine 8006 Neopentane
Diamidafos C8H13N2O2P 8(14),13(15)-Abietadien-18-oic C20H30O2 acid C10H19N 2,2-Dimethylpropane C5H12
nd (dil al) nd (w+8)
153.265 72.149
cry (ctc) cry (EtOH aq) pow col gas
184 -16.4
299.365
nd (peth)
127.5
8008 Neostigmine bromide 8009 Nepetalactone 8010 cis-Nerolidol
C12H19BrN2O2 C10H14O2 C15H26O
114-80-7 490-10-8 142-50-7
303.195 166.217 222.366
cry (al-eth)
167 dec
8011 Neurine
C5H13NO
463-88-7
103.163
syr
8012 Neutral Red
C15H17ClN4
553-24-2
288.776
grn pow
8013 Nialamide 8014 Nickel(II) acetate 8015 Nickel bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate)
C16H18N4O2 C4H6NiO4 C18H36N2NiS4
51-12-7 373-02-4 13927-77-0
298.340 176.782 467.445
C10H14NiO4
3264-82-2
256.909
8019 8020 8021 8022
Niclosamide Nicofibrate Nicosulfuron Nicotelline
8023 Nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide 8024 β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide 8025 L-Nicotine
8026 Nifurthiazole 8027 Nitralin 8028 Nitranilic acid
8029 Nitrapyrin
Nickel tetracarbonyl Bis(η5-2,4-cyclopentadien-1yl)nickel
3,2’:4’,3’’-Terpyridine Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide NMN 3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine, (S)-
4-(Methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitroN,N-dipropylaniline 2,5-Dihydroxy-3,6-dinitro-2,5cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione Pyridine, 2-chloro-6(trichloromethyl)-
Solubility vs eth vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; sl EtOH, bz, DMSO; s eth, HOAc s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl DMSO
471
1.11116 11212
i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz
1.210020
i H2O; sl eth; s MeOH, chl i H2O sl H2O; s EtOH, py vs bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz, chl; s HOAc vs ace, eth, EtOH sl AcOEt, bz
103.5 173
467-14-1
8017 Nickel carbonyl 8018 Nickelocene
nD
156
C18H21NO3
Nickel acetylacetonate
den/ g cm-3
251
8007 Neopine
8016 Nickel bis(2,4-pentanedioate)
bp/˚C
9.48
0.585225 1.34766 (p>1 atm
710.05 276; 700.1
1.066325 0.877820
1.485925 1.489820
vs ace, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; vs chl; sl lig vs H2O; s EtOH vs EtOH; s eth, ace, HOAc vs H2O, eth, EtOH s H2O, ethylene glycol, EtOH; i xyl
151.6 grn cry (bz/ 91 EtOH) grn orth cry 230
C4NiO4 C10H10Ni
13463-39-3 1271-28-9
170.734 188.879
col liq
-19.3 172
C13H8Cl2N2O4 C16H16ClNO3 C15H18N6O6S C15H11N3
50-65-7 31980-29-7 111991-09-4 494-04-2
327.120 305.756 410.405 233.268
227 49 172 prismatic nd 148
C21H26N6O15P2
1851-07-6
664.410
pow
C11H15N2O8P C10H14N2
1094-61-7 54-11-5
334.219 162.231
amor pow hyg liq
C8H6N4O4S C13H19N3O6S
3570-75-0 4726-14-1
254.224 345.371
cry
215 dec 150
C6H2N2O8
479-22-1
230.088
gold-ye pl (+w, dil HNO3
170 dec
C6H3Cl4N
1929-82-4
230.907
-79
63
vs H2O; s EtOH s bz, ace 22711 43 (exp 60)
s H2O, bz, chl, EtOH; i eth 1.31
25
1800.4 >300
247; 12518
sl H2O, eth; s bz, chl, EtOH
1.009720
1.528220
vs H2O; i ace msc H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl; s lig
vs H2O, EtOH; i eth 13611
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
3-387
OH
O
HN
1-Naphthyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
OH
C
N
1-Naphthylhydroxylamine
O HO P OH O
S O
H N
1-Naphthyl isothiocyanate
O
N-2-Naphthyl-2-naphthalenamine
OH
(2-Naphthyloxy)acetic acid
1-Naphthyl phosphate
N
O
N
O O
OH
N
1,5-Naphthyridine
1,6-Naphthyridine
O
OH
O
O
HO
O
O
O
N
N
2-Naphthyl salicylate
N
O
O
O
O
Napropamide
Naproxen
Narceine
OH O HO O
O
O
OH OH O O Br
HO NH
O
N
HO
OH
O
O
O
NH
O
O
O
OH OH
OH
Narcobarbital
O HN P NH O
HO
Naringenin
Naringin
N H
O
Nealbarbital
Nellite
O N
Br
O NH2
OH Neoabietic acid
Neopentane
H2N OH
Neopine
N
O N H
N
N
Neurine
N
H
Neostigmine bromide
HCl
N
N
O
O
HO
Neobornylamine
HO
O
N
O
H
H N
Neutral Red
O
Nepetalactone
H N
cis-Nerolidol
O Ni 2
O
O Nialamide
2
Nickel(II) acetate
OH O S N
O
S Ni
S
N
Ni
O
S
Nickel bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate)
OC
O
Nickel bis(2,4-pentanedioate)
O
N
O
O N
Ni
N H N
S O O O
Cl
Nickelocene
Niclosamide
OH
N
O
H N
N
O N
O
N
Nicosulfuron
O
OH OH
Nicotelline
N
N
O O P P O O O O OH
N O
N
N
N
H2N
Cl Nicofibrate
CO CO
Nickel carbonyl
O
O
N H
CO
O Ni
O N
Cl
OH OH
Nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide
O NH2 O P O O OH
O
N
O
H
O N
OH OH β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide
N L-Nicotine
N O
O
N S Nifurthiazole
N H
H N
O
O N
N
O S O Nitralin
O N
O
O
O N
O OH
HO O
N O
Nitranilic acid
O
Cl Cl
N Cl Nitrapyrin
Cl
3-388
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
8030 Nitrilotriacetic acid
N,N-Bis(carboxymethyl)glycine
C6H9NO6
139-13-9
191.138
pr cry (w)
242 dec
8031 2,2’,2’’-Nitrilotriacetonitrile 8032 Nitroacetic acid
Tricyanotrimethylamine
C6H6N4 C2H3NO4
7327-60-8 625-75-2
134.139 105.050
nd (EtOH) nd (chl)
125.5 92 dec
8033 Nitroacetone
C3H5NO3
10230-68-9
103.077
pl, nd (eth, bz)
50.3
10324
8034 2-Nitroaniline
C6H6N2O2
88-74-4
138.124
71.0
284
0.901525
8035 3-Nitroaniline
C6H6N2O2
99-09-2
138.124
113.4
dec 306
0.901125
8036 4-Nitroaniline
C6H6N2O2
100-01-6
138.124
pa ye mcl nd 147.5 (w)
332
1.42420
10.5
277; 1444
1.254020
38.5
258
1.37318
54
274
1.219260
8037 2-Nitroanisole
1-Methoxy-2-nitrobenzene
C7H7NO3
91-23-6
153.136
8038 3-Nitroanisole
1-Methoxy-3-nitrobenzene
C7H7NO3
555-03-3
153.136
8039 4-Nitroanisole
1-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzene
C7H7NO3
100-17-4
153.136
8040 9-Nitroanthracene
C14H9NO2
602-60-8
223.227
8041 1-Nitro-9,10-anthracenedione
C14H7NO4
82-34-8
253.211
8042 2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
C7H5NO3
552-89-6
8043 3-Nitrobenzaldehyde
C7H5NO3
8044 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde
nd (al), pl (bz-lig) pr (al), nd (dil al)
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl vs bz, eth, EtOH
15323
1.284420
99-61-6
151.120
lt ye nd (w)
58.5
16423
1.279220
C7H5NO3
555-16-8
151.120
lf, pr (w)
107
sub
1.49625
8045 3-Nitrobenzamide 8046 4-Nitrobenzamide
C7H6N2O3 C7H6N2O3
645-09-0 619-80-7
166.134 166.134
142.7 200.7
312.5
nd (w)
8047 Nitrobenzene
C6H5NO2
98-95-3
123.110
5.7
210.8
C8H7NO4
3740-52-1
181.147
8049 3-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid 8050 4-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
m-Nitrophenylacetic acid p-Nitrophenylacetic acid
C8H7NO4 C8H7NO4
1877-73-2 104-03-0
181.147 181.147
8051 2-Nitrobenzeneacetonitrile
2-Nitrobenzyl cyanide
C8H6N2O2
610-66-2
162.146
8052 4-Nitrobenzeneacetonitrile
4-Nitrobenzyl cyanide
C8H6N2O2
555-21-5
162.146
8053 4-Nitro-1,2-benzenediamine
4-Nitro-o-phenylenediamine
C6H7N3O2
99-56-9
153.139
4-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine 5-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine 2-Nitro-1,4-benzenediamine 3-Nitro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid
C6H7N3O2 C6H7N3O2 C6H7N3O2 C8H5NO6
5131-58-8 5042-55-7 5307-14-2 603-11-2
153.139 153.139 153.139 211.129
8058 4-Nitro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid
C8H5NO6
610-27-5
211.129
8059 2-Nitrobenzeneethanol 8060 4-Nitrobenzeneethanol 8061 2-Nitrobenzenemethanol
C8H9NO3 C8H9NO3 C7H7NO3
15121-84-3 100-27-6 612-25-9
167.162 167.162 153.136
8054 8055 8056 8057
2-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
1.507060
2707
1.203720
1.556220
nd (w, pl (dil 141.5 al) nd (w) 122 pa ye nd (w) 154 nd (dil al), pr 84 (HOAc, al) pr (al) 117
19612
dk red nd (dil 199.5 al) oran pr (w) 161 red cry (w) 143 140.0 pa ye pr (w) 218
sl H2O, ace; s EtOH; i bz, peth, chl s H2O, EtOH; i bz, chl, CS2, peth
pa ye nd (w, 164.8 eth)
nd (w)
1.0 63 74
sl H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz, chl sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, ace; vs MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; sl bz, DMSO i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ctc; sl peth i H2O; sl EtOH, chl; vs ace, CS2 i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; s ace, bz sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl; vs ace, bz sl H2O, lig; vs EtOH; s bz, chl, HOAc s H2O, EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O, ctc; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz s H2O, EtOH vs EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl s acid
17812, 1381
267 1482 270; 16820 3
8062 3-Nitrobenzenemethanol
3-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
C7H7NO3
619-25-0
153.136
orth nd (w)
30.5
177
8063 4-Nitrobenzenemethanol
4-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
C7H7NO3
619-73-8
153.136
nd (w)
96.5
dec 255; 18512
C6H4ClNO2S C6H4ClNO2S C6H6N2O4S
7669-54-7 937-32-6 6325-93-5
189.620 189.620 202.188
ye nd (bz) ye lf (peth)
75 52 180 dec
1250.1
8064 2-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride 8065 4-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride 8066 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide
1.516120
27517
151.120
o-Nitrophenylacetic acid
Solubility sl H2O, DMSO; s EtOH
ye nd (al) pr 146 (HOAc or xyl) nd (HOAc) 231.5 ye pr (ace) ye nd (w) 43.5
8048 2-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
nD
1.1925
1.296
19
1.563720 sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl sl H2O, ace; s EtOH, eth vs eth, bz, chl vs bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-389 NH2
NH2 N
COOH HOOC
N
N
COOH
Nitrilotriacetic acid
N
N
O N
O
O
N O
O
N
O
O
NH2
O
N O
O
4-Nitrobenzaldehyde
2-Nitroaniline
O
N
O N
O
1-Nitro-9,10-anthracenedione
2-Nitrobenzaldehyde
N
O HO
HO O N
HO
O
N O
O
4-Nitrobenzamide
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
O
3-Nitrobenzaldehyde
O O
O
N O
O 9-Nitroanthracene
O O
N
4-Nitroaniline
O O
O
3-Nitrobenzamide
O
O
NH2
N
O
3-Nitroaniline
O
O
4-Nitroanisole
O
N
N O
O
Nitroacetone
O N
O
O
3-Nitroanisole
O
NH2 O N
O N
OH
Nitroacetic acid
O
2-Nitroanisole
O
O
O O
O
2,2’,2’’-Nitrilotriacetonitrile
O N
O O
3-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
N
O
4-Nitrobenzeneacetic acid
N NH2
NH2 N O N
NH2
O O
2-Nitrobenzeneacetonitrile
HO
N
O
O
4-Nitrobenzeneacetonitrile
O
HO
O
N
4-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine
O
4-Nitro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid
2-Nitrobenzeneethanol
HO
HO
Cl N O
3-Nitrobenzenemethanol
O
N
S
O N
2-Nitro-1,4-benzenediamine
O
N O 4-Nitrobenzeneethanol
O 2-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride
HO
OH
O
O
4-Nitrobenzenemethanol
NH2
5-Nitro-1,3-benzenediamine
Cl
O
NH2
OH N O
N
N O
O
O
O
O
O
O
OH
OH O
3-Nitro-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid
O
O
4-Nitro-1,2-benzenediamine
O
N O
N
NH2 O N
NH2
NH2
O
4-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride
O
2-Nitrobenzenemethanol
NH2 O S O
S
N
O N
O
N
O
4-Nitrobenzenesulfonamide
3-390
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
8067 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
C6H5NO5S
98-47-5
203.173
pl
48
8068 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid 8069 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
C6H5NO5S C6H4ClNO4S
138-42-1 1694-92-4
203.173 221.619
8070 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
C6H4ClNO4S
121-51-7
221.619
8071 4-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride 8072 5-Nitro-1H-benzimidazole
C6H4ClNO4S C7H5N3O2
98-74-8 94-52-0
8073 2-Nitrobenzoic acid
C7H5NO4
8074 3-Nitrobenzoic acid
No. Name
Synonym
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
95 68.5 64
i H2O; s EtOH
221.619 163.134
79.5 207.8
552-16-9
167.120
tcl nd (w)
147.5
1.57520
C7H5NO4
121-92-6
167.120
mcl pr (w)
141.1
1.49420
8075 4-Nitrobenzoic acid
C7H5NO4
62-23-7
167.120
mcl lf (w)
242
8076 3-Nitrobenzoic acid, hydrazide
C7H7N3O3
618-94-0
181.149
153.5
8077 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, hydrazide
C7H7N3O3
636-97-5
181.149
215.5
8078 3-Nitrobenzonitrile
C7H4N2O2
619-24-9
148.119
118
8079 4-Nitrobenzonitrile
C7H4N2O2
619-72-7
148.119
150.0
2-Nitro-1,1’-biphenyl
C6H4N4O2 C7H4ClNO3 C7H4ClNO3 C7H4ClNO3 C12H9NO2
2338-12-7 610-14-0 121-90-4 122-04-3 86-00-0
164.122 185.565 185.565 185.565 199.205
276.5 203105, 15115 320
8085 3-Nitrobiphenyl
3-Nitro-1,1’-biphenyl
C12H9NO2
2113-58-8
199.205
62
22735, 1439
8086 4-Nitrobiphenyl
4-Nitro-1,1’-biphenyl
C12H9NO2
92-93-3
199.205
ye nd (lig) pl (al, MeOH) ye pl or nd (dil al) ye nd (al)
217 20 36 75 37.2
114
340
8087 2-Nitro-1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl) propane 8088 1-Nitrobutane
C15H13Cl2NO2
117-27-1
310.176
cry
81
1800.16
C4H9NO2
627-05-4
103.120
8089 2-Nitro-1-butanol
C4H9NO3
609-31-4
119.119
8090 3-Nitro-2-butanol 8091 6-Nitrochrysene 8092 Nitrocyclohexane
C4H9NO3 C18H11NO2 C6H11NO2
6270-16-2 7496-02-8 1122-60-7
119.119 273.286 129.157
C10H21NO2 C4H10N2O2 C2H5NO2
4609-87-4 7119-92-8 79-24-3
187.280 118.134 75.067
8096 2-Nitroethanol
C2H5NO3
625-48-9
8097 Nitroethene
C2H3NO2
5-Nitro-1H-benzotriazole 2-Nitrobenzoyl chloride 3-Nitrobenzoyl chloride 4-Nitrobenzoyl chloride 2-Nitrobiphenyl
-47
1431.5
sub
s peth i H2O, eth, bz, chl; s acid; vs EtOH s H2O, eth; vs EtOH, ace; sl bz, lig sl H2O, bz; vs EtOH, eth, ace; s chl vs ace, eth, EtOH, chl, MeOH sl H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz, chl sl H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz, chl s H2O, EtOH, bz; vs eth, ace; i peth sl H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl, HOAc
1.61020
16516
vs eth; sl ctc vs eth s eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, HOAc, lig i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, chl, HOAc
1.4425
153
0.97025
1.430320
10510
1.133225
1.439020
919, 550.5
1.126020
1.441420
≈215 dec -34
205; 9522
1.061020
1.461219
liq
-89.5
861 206.5 114.0
1.05715 1.044825
1.391720
91.066
liq
-80
194; 10210
1.27015
1.443819
3638-64-0
73.051
liq
-55.5
98.5
1.221214
1.428220
C8H9NO2 C12H7Cl2NO3
6125-24-2 1836-75-5
151.163 284.095
liq
-23 70
250; 13716
1.12624
1.540719
8100 2-Nitro-9H-fluorene
C13H9NO2
607-57-8
211.216
8101 2-Nitro-9H-fluoren-9-one
C13H7NO3
3096-52-4
225.200
8102 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde diacetate 8103 2-Nitrofuran
C9H9NO7 C4H3NO3
92-55-7 609-39-2
243.170 113.072
8104 5-Nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde
C5H3NO4
698-63-5
141.083
nd (50% 159.3 HOAc ace) ye nd or lf 224.3 (HOAc) 92.0 ye mcl cry 30 (peth) pa ye (peth) 35.5
8093 1-Nitrodecane 8094 N-Nitrodiethylamine 8095 Nitroethane
8098 (2-Nitroethyl)benzene 8099 Nitrofen
N-Ethyl-N-nitroethanamine
2,4-Dichloro-1-(4nitrophenoxy)benzene
ye nd (bz) liq
Solubility vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth, bz vs H2O s eth; sl peth
pr (lig, ethpeth) mcl pr (eth) nd (lig) mcl pr (peth) nd (w)
8080 8081 8082 8083 8084
nD
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s alk s H2O, ace; msc EtOH, eth; sl ctc
i H2O; s EtOH, lig
1.433720 vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, chl msc H2O, EtOH, eth; i bz vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl
i H2O; s ace, bz sub
134123, 8413
sl EtOH; s ace, sulf, HOAc s chl s H2O, EtOH, eth
13010
sl H2O; s peth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds OH O S O
OH O S O
N O
O O
N
HO
O
N N H
5-Nitro-1H-benzimidazole
O N
N O
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
HO
O
O
O
4-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
HO
O
O
2-Nitrobenzoic acid
O
H N
N
3-Nitrobenzoic acid
O
4-Nitrobenzoic acid
O
3-Nitrobenzoic acid, hydrazide
Cl
N O
O
O O
3-Nitrobenzonitrile
N
O N
Cl N N
O N
N H
O
4-Nitrobenzonitrile
5-Nitro-1H-benzotriazole
O N O
3-Nitrobiphenyl
O
O
3-Nitrobenzoyl chloride
N
O
O
2-Nitro-1-butanol
N O
O
O N
N O
2-Nitroethanol
Nitroethene
O N
N O
N
O
O N
O
N-Nitrodiethylamine
Cl
Cl
N O
O N
O
Nitrofen
2-Nitro-9H-fluorene
O
O
O
O 2-Nitro-9H-fluoren-9-one
O
O O
5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde diacetate
O
N O
2-Nitrofuran
O
O
1-Nitrobutane
1-Nitrodecane
(2-Nitroethyl)benzene
O O
Nitrocyclohexane
O
N O
Cl
N O
O N
O
4-Nitrobenzoyl chloride
2-Nitro-1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)propane
O
6-Nitrochrysene
OH
O
N
O
O
3-Nitro-2-butanol
O
Nitroethane
N
N
O N
OH O
O
O
N
O
O
Cl
4-Nitrobiphenyl
OH
Cl
N O
O
N
4-Nitrobenzoic acid, hydrazide
O
O
2-Nitrobenzoyl chloride
O N O
O O N
2-Nitrobiphenyl
O
O
O
N
N
O
H N
H2N
N O
O
N
4-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
O
O O
O
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride
H2N
N O
Cl O S O
Cl O S O
Cl O S OO N
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
O N
3-391
O
N O
O
O
5-Nitro-2-furancarboxaldehyde
O
3-392
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
8105 5-Nitro-2-furancarboxylic acid
8106 Nitrofurantoin 8107 Nitrofurazone
8108 Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride 8109 Nitroguanidine
2-[(5-Nitro-2-furanyl) methylene] hydrazinecarboxamide Mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride
8110 1-Nitrohexane
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C5H3NO5
645-12-5
157.082
pa ye pl (w) 186
C8H6N4O5 C6H6N4O4
67-20-9 59-87-0
238.158 198.137
pa ye nd
263 238 dec
C5H12Cl3NO
302-70-5
208.514
pr (ace)
110
CH4N4O2
556-88-7
104.069
nd or pr (w) 239 dec
C6H13NO2
646-14-0
131.173
mp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
bp/˚C
nD
Solubility
sub
s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ace, bz; i chl i H2O, eth; sl EtOH, DMSO; s alk s H2O
193; 84
21
8111 3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid
Roxarsone
C6H6AsNO6
121-19-7
263.037
ye nd or pl (w)
8112 2-Nitro-1H-imidazole 8113 4-Nitro-1H-imidazole 8114 5-Nitro-1H-indazole
Azomycin
C3H3N3O2 C3H3N3O2 C7H5N3O2
527-73-1 3034-38-6 5401-94-5
113.075 113.075 163.134
cry (MeOH)
8115 6-Nitro-1H-indazole
C7H5N3O2
7597-18-4
163.134
nd (w, al, ace)
181 dec
8116 4-Nitro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
C8H3NO5
641-70-3
193.114
nd (ace, al)
164
8117 5-Nitro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
C8H3NO5
5466-84-2
193.114
120.3
1968
8118 2-Nitroisobutane
C4H9NO2
594-70-7
103.120
26.23
127.16
8119 5-Nitro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)dione
C8H4N2O4
89-40-7
192.129
8120 Nitromersol
C7H5HgNO3
133-58-4
351.71
8121 N-Nitromethanamine
CH4N2O2
598-57-2
76.055
8122 Nitromethane
CH3NO2
75-52-5
61.041
liq
8123 (Nitromethyl)benzene 8124 Nitron
C7H7NO2 C20H16N4
622-42-4 2218-94-2
137.137 312.368
8125 1-Nitronaphthalene
C10H7NO2
86-57-7
173.169
8126 2-Nitronaphthalene
C10H7NO2
581-89-5
173.169
8127 1-Nitro-2-naphthol
C10H7NO3
550-60-7
189.168
8128 1-Nitrooctane 8129 1-Nitropentane 8130 3-Nitropentane
C8H17NO2 C5H11NO2 C5H11NO2
629-37-8 628-05-7 551-88-2
159.227 117.147 117.147
8131 5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline 8132 2-Nitrophenol
C12H7N3O2 C6H5NO3
4199-88-6 88-75-5
225.203 139.109
8133 3-Nitrophenol
C6H5NO3
554-84-7
139.109
8134 4-Nitrophenol
C6H5NO3
100-02-7
139.109
ye mcl pr (to) 113.6
8135 1-Nitro-2-phenoxybenzene
C12H9NO3
2216-12-8
215.204
ye liq
<-20
23560, 1848
8136 1-Nitro-4-phenoxybenzene
C12H9NO3
620-88-2
215.204
pl (peth), MeOH)
61
320; 22530
8137 N-(2-Nitrophenyl)acetamide
C8H8N2O3
552-32-9
180.161
94
1000.1
8138 N-(3-Nitrophenyl)acetamide
C8H8N2O3
122-28-1
180.161
155
1000.0074
0.9396
20
1.4270
20
300
287 dec 303 dec ye nd or col 208 nd (al)
col nd (w), ye lf (alace)
0.950128
1.401520
202
38
8210
1.243349
1.461649
-28.38
101.19
1.137120
1.381720
ye liq ye lf (al), nd 189 dec (chl) ye nd (al) 61
226; 13525
1.159620
1.532320
18014
1.33220
ye orth nd or 79 pl (al) ye nd, lf or pr 104 (al) 15
314; 16515
202.3 ye nd or pr 44.8 (eth, al) ye mcl (eth, 96.8 aq Hcl)
wh lf (al)
1150.05 208.5 172.5 154
0.934620 0.952520 0.9570
1.432220 1.417520
216
1.294240
1.572350
19470
1.2797100
1.47920
1.253922
1.41915
1.57520
sl H2O, EtOH; i eth; vs alk i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, alk sl hot H2O; i eth, EtOAc; vs MeOH, EtOH
s EtOH, eth, bz; vs ace, HOAc; i lig s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; vs ace; i lig i H2O; s EtOH, ace, HOAc; sl bz i H2O, peth; s EtOH, ace; sl eth msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; vs chl; i alk vs ace
i H2O; sl ace, EtOH; s alk vs H2O, EtOH, bz, chl; s eth; sl peth s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, ctc, alk vs ace, eth vs ace, bz, EtOH, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl, py i H2O; vs EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH; vs eth; sl chl s EtOH, eth, bz vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz, py sl H2O, DMSO; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace; s tol, py vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; sl EtOH, ctc; s eth, bz s H2O, EtOH, bz, chl, lig; vs eth s H2O, EtOH, chl; i eth; sl tfa
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
N O
N O
OH
O
O
N
5-Nitro-2-furancarboxylic acid
N O
O
O
N H
O
3-393 O
O O
N O
O
Nitrofurantoin
O
N
N H
NH2
N
Cl
Nitrofurazone
Cl HCl
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide hydrochloride
OH O As OH H2N
N N N O O
H2N
O
N O
Nitroguanidine
N OH O
1-Nitrohexane
O
O N H N
O
O N O
O O
O
O N
O
O
O
H N
O 5-Nitro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
NO2
5-Nitro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
2-Nitroisobutane
O Hg O
N H
4-Nitro-1H-imidazole
O
4-Nitro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
N
N H
O
O
6-Nitro-1H-indazole
N
O
2-Nitro-1H-imidazole
O
N H
5-Nitro-1H-indazole
O N
N
N
N O
N H
3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid
O O N
O
O N
Nitromersol
N O
H
O
H H
N-Nitromethanamine
O
N O
NO2
Nitromethane
(Nitromethyl)benzene
N N
N
O
N
Nitron
N
O
O N
1-Nitronaphthalene
2-Nitronaphthalene
O
N
O OH
O
1-Nitro-2-naphthol
O N O O N
O
1-Nitropentane
N
O
3-Nitropentane
N
O
OH
N O
N
5-Nitro-1,10-phenanthroline
2-Nitrophenol
O O
3-Nitrophenol
N
O
4-Nitrophenol
O O O
N
O
O 1-Nitro-2-phenoxybenzene
O N O 1-Nitro-4-phenoxybenzene
O
NH NH O N
O
N-(2-Nitrophenyl)acetamide
O
1-Nitrooctane
OH OH O N
O
N O
N O
O
N-(3-Nitrophenyl)acetamide
3-394
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
8139 N-(4-Nitrophenyl)acetamide
C8H8N2O3
104-04-1
180.161
ye pr (w)
216
1000.008
8140 2-Nitrophenyl acetate
C8H7NO4
610-69-5
181.147
nd or pr (lig) 40.5
8141 4-Nitrophenyl acetate
C8H7NO4
830-03-5
181.147
lf (dil al)
8142 2-Nitro-N-phenylaniline
C12H10N2O2
119-75-5
214.219
75.5
21515
8143 4-Nitro-N-phenylaniline
C12H10N2O2
836-30-6
214.219
135.3
21130
C6H6AsNO5
98-72-6
247.038
lf or nd (w)
8145 4-[(4-Nitrophenyl)azo]-1,3Magneson benzenediol 8146 1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthol
C12H9N3O4
74-39-5
259.217
C16H11N3O3
6410-10-2
293.276
8147 (3-Nitrophenyl)boronic acid 8148 1-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethanone
2-Nitroacetophenone
C6H6BNO4 C8H7NO3
13331-27-6 577-59-3
166.928 165.147
red pow (al 200 or MeOH) br-oran pl (to 257 or bz) 274.5 28.5
17832, 15816
8149 1-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethanone
3-Nitroacetophenone
C8H7NO3
121-89-1
165.147
nd (al)
202; 16718
8150 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethanone 8151 2-Nitro-1-phenylethanone 8152 (4-Nitrophenyl)hydrazine
4-Nitroacetophenone
C8H7NO3 C8H7NO3 C6H7N3O2
100-19-6 614-21-1 100-16-3
165.147 165.147 153.139
ye pr (al)
C13H9NO3 C15H11NO3
1144-74-7 1222-98-6
227.215 253.253
No. Name
8144 (4-Nitrophenyl)arsonic acid
8153 (4-Nitrophenyl)phenylmethanone 8154 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-2propen-1-one 8155 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate 8156 3-(2-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid 8157 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid 8158 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-propenal 8159 3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-propynoic acid
Synonym
Nitarsone
8161 (4-Nitrophenyl)urea
81
81.8 106 oran-red lf or 158 dec nd (al)
C6H6NO6P
330-13-2
219.089
C9H9NO4 C9H9NO4 C9H7NO3
2001-32-3 16642-79-8 1734-79-8
195.172 195.172 177.157
ye cry nd (w) nd (w, al)
o-Nitrophenylpropiolic acid
C9H5NO4
530-85-8
191.141
C12H9NO2S
952-97-6
231.270
C7H7N3O3
556-10-5
181.149
≈157 dec; may explode pa ye mcl pr 56 (lig) pr (al), nd 238 (dil al) liq -5.5 liq -108
p-Nitrophenylurea
C5H10N2O2 C3H7NO2
7119-94-0 108-03-2
130.145 89.094
8164 2-Nitropropane 8165 3-Nitropropanoic acid
C3H7NO2 C3H5NO4
79-46-9 504-88-1
89.094 119.077
8166 2-Nitro-1-propanol
C3H7NO3
2902-96-7
105.093
8167 1-Nitro-1-propene 8168 2-Nitro-1-propene 8169 5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline
C3H5NO2 C3H5NO2 C9H12N2O3
3156-70-5 4749-28-4 553-79-7
87.078 87.078 196.202
C11H14N2O4
553-20-8
238.240
C16H9NO2
5522-43-0
247.248
8172 5-Nitro-2-pyridinamine
C5H5N3O2
4214-76-0
139.113
8173 4-Nitropyridine 8174 4-Nitropyridine 1-oxide 8175 5-Nitropyrimidinamine
C5H4N2O2 C5H4N2O3 C4H4N4O2
1122-61-8 1124-33-0 3073-77-6
124.098 140.097 140.101
pl (aq al)
5-Nitrouracil
C4H3N3O4
611-08-5
157.085
gold nd (al) >300 exp
5-Nitrobarbituric acid
C4H3N3O5
480-68-2
173.084
pr, lf (w+3)
C9H6N2O2
607-34-1
174.156
pl (w, al) nd 74 (+w)
8170 N-(5-Nitro-2-propoxyphenyl) acetamide 8171 1-Nitropyrene
8176 5-Nitro-2,4(1H,3H)pyrimidinedione 8177 5-Nitro-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)pyrimidinetrione 8178 5-Nitroquinoline
5’-Nitro-2’-propoxyacetanilide
-91.3 62
ye-grn liq oran (PrOH- 49 peth) cry (PrOH) 102.5 ye nd (MeCN) ye lf (dil al)
nd (al)
sl H2O, eth, chl; s EtOH, tfa, alk s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl lig vs H2O, bz; s EtOH, chl, lig i H2O; s EtOH; sl ctc i H2O; vs EtOH; sl ace; s con sulf sl H2O, EtOH, DMSO i H2O; sl EtOH, bz, HOAc, tol vs bz, EtOH
dec 253; 14111
1.366020
1.237025
1655 15816, 14210
1.546820
1.546830
1.4069
115 163 141.5
8162 N-Nitropiperidine 8163 1-Nitropropane
liq
Solubility
>310 dec
4-Nitrophenyl dihydrogen phosphate 2-Nitrobeazenepropanoic acid 4-Nitrobenzenepropanoic acid 4-Nitrocinnamaldehyde
8160 1-Nitro-4-(phenylthio)benzene
nD
82.3
nd or lf (al) 138 pa ye nd (al) 164 pl (bz) ye-wh nd 155
Nitrochalcone
den/ g cm-3
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl vs H2O, eth; sl EtOH, chl vs eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, AcOEt vs bz s EtOH, chl; i eth, lig i cold H2O; s EtOH, chl, bz
s H2O, eth, ace, bz; vs EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; i CS2O 288100, 24025
vs eth, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH
245; 121 131.1
20
26
26
1.1519 0.996125
1.4954 1.401820
120.2
0.982125 1.5920
1.394420
12032, 10012
1.184125
1.437920
6034, 3710 5280, 3230
1.066120 1.055925
1.452720 1.435820
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O; s chl vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl; i lig s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl s eth, ace, chl s eth, ace, chl vs EtOH
152 188
sl H2O, eth, bz, lig; s EtOH
50 160.5 236.5
sl H2O, DMSO; s EtOH, ace; i eth, bz sl H2O; s EtOH
180.5 sub
s H2O, EtOH; i eth sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
O NH
N
O N
O H N
O
O
O
N-(4-Nitrophenyl)acetamide
O HO As OH
O
O O
O
3-395
2-Nitrophenyl acetate
N
H N
O
N
N O
O
4-Nitrophenyl acetate
2-Nitro-N-phenylaniline
HO OH N
O N O
B
N
4-[(4-Nitrophenyl)azo]-1,3-benzenediol
O
O
N O
1-[(4-Nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthol
N
(4-Nitrophenyl)arsonic acid
OH
O N O
OH
O
4-Nitro-N-phenylaniline
O
N N
HO
O
O N
O
(3-Nitrophenyl)boronic acid
O
N O
1-(2-Nitrophenyl)ethanone
1-(3-Nitrophenyl)ethanone
HO O
HN O N
O
O N
O
O
O
O
1-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethanone
NH2 O
2-Nitro-1-phenylethanone
N
O
(4-Nitrophenyl)hydrazine
O
O
O
N O
(4-Nitrophenyl)phenylmethanone
O
N O
O
3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-2-propen-1-one
N
O
P
OH
O
4-Nitrophenyl phosphate
O O
O OH
N O
O
O
3-(2-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
H N O
O
N O
N O
N O 3-(4-Nitrophenyl)-2-propenal
NH2
O (4-Nitrophenyl)urea
N N
O N
O
N-Nitropiperidine
O
N
O
O
O
O N
O
OH
N
O N
OH
3-Nitropropanoic acid
N O
1-Nitro-4-(phenylthio)benzene
O
O 2-Nitropropane
O
3-(2-Nitrophenyl)-2-propynoic acid
O
1-Nitropropane
S
O
3-(4-Nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
O
N O
OH OH
2-Nitro-1-propanol
O
N
O
O
1-Nitro-1-propene
2-Nitro-1-propene
O NH2
N
O
O
O
O O
O
HN
O
N O 5-Nitro-2-propoxyaniline
O
N O
O
O N N
O N N
N-(5-Nitro-2-propoxyphenyl)acetamide
O N
O
NH2
5-Nitropyrimidinamine
O N
1-Nitropyrene
5-Nitro-2-pyridinamine
O N N H
H O
5-Nitro-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
NH2
O
O N
O
O
N H
N
H
N
O
4-Nitropyridine
N
O
O
5-Nitro-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
O
N O
N
O
N
N 5-Nitroquinoline
4-Nitropyridine 1-oxide
3-396
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
8179 6-Nitroquinoline
C9H6N2O2
613-50-3
174.156
8180 8-Nitroquinoline
C9H6N2O2
607-35-2
174.156
ye pl (HClHOAc) mcl pr (al)
8181 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide
C9H6N2O3
56-57-5
190.155
C9H6N2O3 C6H5NO
4008-48-4 586-96-9
190.155 107.110
No. Name
8182 5-Nitro-8-quinolinol 8183 Nitrosobenzene
Synonym
Nitroxoline
ye nd, pl (ace) orth or mcl (al-eth)
den/ g cm-3
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
153.5
1700.2
nD
s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, chl; vs bz sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, eth, bz, acid
5818
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, lig
91.5
154 180 67
8
8184 N-Nitrosodibutylamine 8185 N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 8186 N-Nitrosodiethylamine
Dibutylnitrosamine 2,2’-(Nitrosoimino)ethanol Diethylnitrosamine
C8H18N2O C4H10N2O3 C4H10N2O
924-16-3 1116-54-7 55-18-5
158.241 134.133 102.134
wh-ye oil ye oil
105 1250.01 176.9
0.942220
1.484920 1.438620
8187 N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Dimethylnitrosamine
C2H6N2O
62-75-9
74.081
ye liq
152
1.004820
1.436820
C8H10N2O
138-89-6
150.177
grn pl (eth)
92.5
ye pl(lig)
66.5
8188 p-Nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
8189 N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
N,N-Diphenylnitrosamine
C12H10N2O
86-30-6
198.219
8190 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3pyridyl)-1-butanone 8191 N-Nitrosomethylethylamine 8192 N-Nitroso-N-methylvinylamine 8193 4-Nitrosomorpholine 8194 2-Nitroso-1-naphthol
Ketone, 3-pyridyl-3-(N-methylN-nitrosamino)propyl
C10H13N3O2
64091-91-4
207.229
N-Methyl-N-nitrosoethenamine N-Nitrosomorpholine
C3H8N2O C3H6N2O C4H8N2O2 C10H7NO2
10595-95-6 4549-40-0 59-89-2 132-53-6
88.108 86.092 116.119 173.169
ye liq ye liq
8195 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol
1-Nitroso-β-naphthol
C10H7NO2
131-91-9
173.169
ye-br nd (peth)
8196 N-Nitrosonornicotine
N’-Nitroso-3-(2-pyrrolidinyl) pyridine
C9H11N3O
16543-55-8
177.202
C6H5NO2
104-91-6
123.110
8197 4-Nitrosophenol
Solubility
1.14520
63
29 157 dec
6740 47 225; 14025
s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl, HCONH2 i H2O; sl EtOH, chl; s bz sl H2O
sl H2O s H2O sl H2O, eth, bz, chl; s EtOH, ace, HOAc vs bz, eth
109.5 1550.2
pa ye orth nd 144 dec (ace, bz)
8198 4-Nitroso-N-phenylaniline
p-Nitrosodiphenylamine
C12H10N2O
156-10-5
198.219
143
8199 N-Nitrosopiperidine 8200 N-Nitroso-N-propyl-1propanamine 8201 N-Nitrosopyrrolidine 8202 5-Nitro-2-thiazolamine 8203 N-(5-Nitro-2-thiazolyl)acetamide
1-Nitrosopiperidine N-Nitrosodipropylamine
C5H10N2O C6H14N2O
100-75-4 621-64-7
114.145 130.187
2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole Aminitrozole
C4H8N2O C3H3N3O2S C5H5N3O3S
930-55-2 121-66-4 140-40-9
100.119 145.140 187.177
8204 4-Nitrothioanisole 8205 2-Nitrothiophene
C7H7NO2S C4H3NO2S
701-57-5 609-40-5
169.202 129.138
8206 2-Nitrotoluene
C7H7NO2
88-72-2
137.137
oran-ye pow 202 dec nd (al), pl 264.5 (HOAc) 72 lt ye mcl nd 46.5 (peth) liq -10.4
8207 3-Nitrotoluene
C7H7NO2
99-08-1
137.137
pa ye
8208 4-Nitrotoluene
C7H7NO2
99-99-0
137.137
8209 1-Nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
C7H4F3NO2
384-22-5
8210 1-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
C7H4F3NO2
8211 Nitrourea 8212 trans-(2-Nitrovinyl)benzene
pa ye gold
219; 10920 206; 11340
1.063118 0.916320
1.493318 1.443720
214
1.08525
1.488025
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, dil alk sl H2O, lig; vs EtOH, eth, bz s H2O, HCl sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth
s alk 1372 224.5
1.239180 1.364443
1.640120
222
1.161119
1.545020
15.5
232
1.158120
1.546620
orth cry (al, eth)
51.63
238.3
1.103875
191.108
cry (al)
32.5
217; 10520
98-46-4
191.108
liq
-2.4
202.8; 10340
CH3N3O3 C8H7NO2
556-89-8 5153-67-3
105.053 149.148
pl (al-peth) ye pr (peth, al)
158 dec 60
255
8213 Nivalenol
C15H20O7
23282-20-4
312.316
cry (MeOH)
224 dec
8214 Nizatidine
C12H21N5O2S2
76963-41-2
331.458
131
8215 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6,6’Nonachlorobiphenyl 8216 Nonacontane
C12HCl9
52663-77-1
464.213
cry (EtOH/ AcOEt) cry
C90H182
7667-51-8
1264.408
180.5 612200
1.435715
1.471920
i H2O; s ace, bz i H2O; vs EtOH; s alk; sl peth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc i H2O; s EtOH, bz, ctc; msc eth i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, HOAc, bz; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc vs ace, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, ace; vs eth, chl, CS2 sl H2O; s EtOH, MeOH sl H2O; s MeOH; vs chl; i bz, eth i H2O
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
O
O N
N
3-397
O
O
O
N
N N O
N 6-Nitroquinoline
N
N O
O
8-Nitroquinoline
O N N
N OH
4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide
5-Nitro-8-quinolinol
Nitrosobenzene
O
N N
HO
N-Nitrosodibutylamine
O OH
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
N
N N
O
N N
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
N N
N N
O N
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
O
O
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
OH
N N
O
O
2-Nitroso-1-naphthol
N H
N N
OH 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol
O
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
OH
H
4-Nitrosomorpholine
N N
4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
O
N-Nitroso-N-methylvinylamine
O
N N
N
O
p-Nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
O
N N
O
H N N
O
N-Nitrosonornicotine
O
O
4-Nitrosophenol
N 4-Nitroso-N-phenylaniline
S
O
N-Nitrosopiperidine
N N
O
N N
N-Nitroso-N-propyl-1-propanamine
O O
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
N O
S
O
NH2
5-Nitro-2-thiazolamine
O N
O
N O
2-Nitrotoluene
F
O O
3-Nitrotoluene
H
N
O
O
HO HO
F 1-Nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
O
N O HN
H N
S
N
S O
4-Nitrothioanisole
O
F F
H2N
Cl Cl
N H Nitrourea
O N
O N O
O
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6,6’-Nonachlorobiphenyl
O
trans-(2-Nitrovinyl)benzene
Cl N
N O
2-Nitrothiophene
Cl
N
S Nizatidine
O
1-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
Cl OH
S
N H
O
F F
H
OH Nivalenol
N
O
4-Nitrotoluene
O
O
N
N O
N-(5-Nitro-2-thiazolyl)acetamide
O O
O
N
N N N
H3C(CH2)88CH3 Nonacontane
3-398
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
8217 Nonacosane
C29H60
630-03-5
408.786
nD
Solubility
orth cry (peth)
63.7
440.8
0.808320
1.452920
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace; s bz; sl chl
8218 Nonadecafluorodecanoic acid 8219 Nonadecane
C10HF19O2 C19H40
335-76-2 629-92-5
514.084 268.521
wax
32.0
219.4 329.9
0.785520
1.440920
646-30-0
298.504
lf (al)
69.4
297100, 22810
0.846870
C19H40O C19H38O
1454-84-8 629-66-3
284.520 282.504
cry (ace) pr (al)
61.7 57
345; 1660.3 266110, 1652
0.810856
8223 10-Nonadecanone
C19H38O
504-57-4
282.504
lf(al)
65.5
>350; 1561.1
i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ace, ctc i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl, lig s eth, ace i H2O; sl EtOH; s ace, bz; vs eth, ctc i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ace, lig; vs bz
8220 Nonadecanoic acid
C19H38O2
8221 1-Nonadecanol 8222 2-Nonadecanone
8224 8225 8226 8227 8228 8229 8230 8231
C19H38 C25H44 C9H14O C9H16 C9H16O C9H12 C9H18O C9H20
18435-45-5 29136-19-4 5910-87-2 4900-30-5 7786-44-9 2396-65-8 124-19-6 111-84-2
266.505 344.617 138.206 124.223 140.222 120.191 142.238 128.255
23.4 40
liq
-27.3 -19.3 -53.46
329.0 419 9810 142.5 10824, 9811 162 191 150.82
0.788625 0.854520 0.86225 0.751120 0.860425 0.815820 0.826422 0.719220
1.444525 1.480720 1.520720 1.430220 1.459825 1.449020 1.427320 1.405820
C9H16O4
123-99-9
188.221
lf or nd
106.5
357.1; 287100
1.22525
1.4303111
8233 1,9-Nonanediol
C9H20O2
3937-56-2
160.254
cry (bz)
45.8
17320, 1503
8234 Nonanedioyl dichloride 8235 Nonanenitrile
C9H14Cl2O2 C9H17N
123-98-8 2243-27-8
225.112 139.238
liq
-34.2
16618 224.4
1.143 0.817820
1.468020 1.425520
-20.1 12.4
220 254.5
0.84225 0.905220
1.454820 1.434319
No. Name
1-Nonadecene Nonadecylbenzene trans,trans-2,4-Nonadienal 1,8-Nonadiene 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol 1,8-Nonadiyne Nonanal Nonane
8232 Nonanedioic acid
Synonym
Nonaldehyde
Azelaic acid
liq
1.432875
8236 1-Nonanethiol 8237 Nonanoic acid
Nonyl mercaptan Pelargonic acid
C9H20S C9H18O2
1455-21-6 112-05-0
160.320 158.238
liq
8238 1-Nonanol
Nonyl alcohol
C9H20O
143-08-8
144.254
liq
-5
213.37
0.828020
1.433320
8239 2-Nonanol, (±)
C9H20O
74683-66-2
144.254
liq
-35
193.5
0.847120
1.435320
8240 3-Nonanol, (±)
C9H20O
74742-08-8
144.254
22
195; 9318
0.825020
1.428920
8241 4-Nonanol
C9H20O
52708-03-9
144.254
192.5; 9418
0.828220
1.419720
8242 5-Nonanol 8243 2-Nonanone
Dibutylcarbinol Heptyl methyl ketone
C9H20O C9H18O
623-93-8 821-55-6
144.254 142.238
liq
5.6 -7.5
193; 9720 195.3
0.822020 0.820820
1.428920 1.421020
8244 3-Nonanone
Ethyl hexyl ketone
C9H18O
925-78-0
142.238
liq
-8
190; 8620
0.824120
1.420820
8245 4-Nonanone
Pentyl propyl ketone
C9H18O
4485-09-0
142.238
187.5
0.819025
1.418920
8246 5-Nonanone
Dibutyl ketone
C9H18O
502-56-7
142.238
liq
-3.8
188.45
0.821720
1.419520
C9H17ClO C9H16O C9H18 C9H16O2 C9H16O2 C9H18O C11H22O2 C9H21N
764-85-2 18829-56-6 124-11-8 3760-11-0 4124-88-3 21964-44-3 143-13-5 112-20-9
176.683 140.222 126.239 156.222 156.222 142.238 186.292 143.270
liq liq liq
-60.5
0.946315 0.846 0.725325
1.453120 1.425720
liq liq
-26 -1
215.3 10116, 8912 146.9 17320, 1365 15618, 1061 193.5 210 202.2
0.925420 0.82421 0.878515 0.788620
1.445425 1.438215 1.42620 1.433620
8255 Nonylbenzene 8256 Nonylcyclohexane 8257 Nonylcyclopentane
C15H24 C15H30 C14H28
1081-77-2 2883-02-5 2882-98-6
204.352 210.399 196.372
liq liq liq
-24 -10 -29
280.5 282 262
0.858420 0.816320 0.808120
1.481620 1.451920 1.446720
8258 Nonyl formate 8259 1-Nonylnaphthalene 8260 4-Nonylphenol
C10H20O2 C19H26 C15H24O
5451-92-3 26438-26-6 104-40-5
172.265 254.409 220.351
liq visc ye liq
-33 8 42
214 366 ≈295; 18010
0.86 0.937120 0.95020
1.421620 1.547720 1.51320
C9H16
3452-09-3
124.223
liq
-50
150.8
0.765820
1.421720
8247 8248 8249 8250 8251 8252 8253 8254
Nonanoyl chloride trans-2-Nonenal 1-Nonene 2-Nonenoic acid 3-Nonenoic acid 1-Nonen-3-ol Nonyl acetate Nonylamine
8261 1-Nonyne
1-Vinylheptanol 1-Nonanamine
Heptylacetylene
-81.3 -4.4
i H2O; s eth, ace s eth, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; msc ace, bz, hp sl H2O, eth, bz, DMSO; s EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz; i lig s eth; vs bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc i H2O; vs eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz; vs ace, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl; vs ace i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl; vs ace i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, chl s eth, ace
sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, eth
vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH
i H2O; s bz, ctc, hp i H2O; s eth, bz, ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-399 O
F F F F F F F F F
OH
F F F F F F F F F F Nonacosane
Nonadecafluorodecanoic acid
Nonadecane
O OH
O
OH
O Nonadecanoic acid
1-Nonadecanol
2-Nonadecanone
10-Nonadecanone
O 1-Nonadecene
Nonadecylbenzene
trans,trans-2,4-Nonadienal
OH
O
2,6-Nonadien-1-ol
HO
1,8-Nonadiyne
Nonanal
OH O
Nonane
Cl HO
O
1,8-Nonadiene
Nonanedioic acid
OH
Cl O
1,9-Nonanediol
O
N
Nonanedioyl dichloride
Nonanenitrile
OH SH
OH OH
O
1-Nonanethiol
Nonanoic acid
1-Nonanol
OH
2-Nonanol, (Âą)
O
OH
OH
3-Nonanol, (Âą)
4-Nonanol
O
5-Nonanol
2-Nonanone
3-Nonanone
Cl
O O 4-Nonanone
5-Nonanone
Nonanoyl chloride
OH
trans-2-Nonenal
OH
O 2-Nonenoic acid
O
O
O
O 3-Nonenoic acid
1-Nonene
OH 1-Nonen-3-ol
O Nonyl acetate
NH2 Nonylamine
Nonylbenzene
Nonylcyclohexane
Nonylcyclopentane
OH
O
O Nonyl formate
1-Nonylnaphthalene
4-Nonylphenol
1-Nonyne
3-400
No. Name 8262 Norbormide 8263 2,5-Norbornadiene
8264 5-Norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride 8265 5-Norbornene-2-methylolacrylate 8266 24-Norcholan-23-oic acid, (5 β) 8267 Nordazepam
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene
C33H25N3O3 C7H8
991-42-4 121-46-0
511.570 92.139
cry (eth) liq
194 -19.1
89.5
0.906420
1.470220
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; msc tol
C9H8O3
826-62-0
164.158
95-39-6 511-18-2 1088-11-5
178.228 346.547 270.713
col liq nd(HOAc)
104
1.02925
500-38-9
302.366
nd(w, al, HOAc)
C13H22N2O C8H11NO3
18530-56-8 51-41-2
222.326 169.178
C20H26O2
68-22-4
298.419
cry
204
C20H26O2 C12H9ClF3N3O C16H21NO3 C6H13NO2
68-23-5 27314-13-2 537-29-1 616-06-8
298.419 303.666 275.343 131.173
cry (MeOH) nd lf(w)
170 184 140.5 327 dec
C6H13NO2 C16H17NO3 C21H28O2 C27H34O3
327-57-1 466-97-7 797-63-7 62-90-8
131.173 271.311 312.446 406.557
cry (MeOH) cry
301 dec 273 206 95
C19H22ClN
894-71-3
299.838
cry (eth)
214 303
8268 Nordihydroguaiaretic acid
C11H14O2 Norcholanic acid C23H38O2 7-Chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl- C15H11ClN2O 2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one C18H22O4
8269 Norea 8270 Norepinephrine
Noradrenaline
8271 Norethisterone 8272 8273 8274 8275
Norethynodrel Norflurazon Norhyoscyamine DL-Norleucine
19-Norpregn-4-en-20-yn-3one, 17-hydroxy-, (17 α)-
2-Aminohexanoic acid, ( DL)
185.5
8281 DL-Norvaline
2-Aminopentanoic acid, (±)
C5H11NO2
760-78-1
117.147
lf(al, w)
8282 L-Norvaline 8283 Noscapine
2-Aminopentanoic acid, ( S)
C5H11NO2 C22H23NO7
6600-40-4 128-62-1
117.147 413.421
cry (dil al) 307 pr or nd (al) 176
8284 Novobiocin
Streptonivicin
C31H36N2O11
303-81-1
612.624
wh-ye orth cry
C17H12ClFN2O C19H25NO2 C20H18ClNO6 C20H19NO6 C22H22ClNO6 C14H22N2O
63284-71-9 447-41-6 303-47-9 4825-86-9 4865-85-4 13912-77-1
314.740 299.408 403.813 369.368 431.866 234.337
cry (MeOH) cry (xyl) cry (MeOH) amorp solid cry
47
C12H2Cl8
2136-99-4
429.768
cry
161
706-78-5 3268-87-9 2234-13-1
343.678 459.751 403.731
nd 40 nd 331 nd (bz-CCl4) 197.5 cry (ace/ EtOH)
Nuarimol Nylidrin Ochratoxin A Ochratoxin B Ochratoxin C Octacaine
Buphenine
3-(Diethylamino)-Nphenylbutanamide
8291 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6,6’Octachlorobiphenyl 8292 Octachlorocyclopentene 8293 Octachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin 8294 Octachloronaphthalene
Perchlorocyclopentene Perchloronaphthalene
C5Cl8 C12Cl8O2 C10Cl8
8295 Octachlorostyrene
Perchlorostyrene
C8Cl8
29082-74-4
379.710
C80H162 C28H58
7667-88-1 630-02-4
C28H56O2 C28H58O
506-48-9 557-61-9
8300 trans, trans-9,12-Octadecadienoic Linolelaidic acid acid 8301 Octadecahydrochrysene 8302 Octadecamethyloctasiloxane 8303 Octadecanamide 8304 Octadecane
C18H32O2
506-21-8
1124.142 394.761 mcl or orth (bz-al) 424.744 410.760 cry (ace, peth) 280.446 cry (MeOH)
C18H30 C18H54O7Si8 C18H37NO C18H38
2090-14-4 556-69-4 124-26-5 593-45-3
246.431 607.302 283.493 254.495
8305 Octadecanenitrile
C18H35N
638-65-3
C18H38S
2885-00-9
8296 Octacontane 8297 Octacosane 8298 Octacosanoic acid 8299 1-Octacosanol
8306 1-Octadecanethiol
Montanic acid Montanyl alcohol
Stearyl mercaptan
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, alk; i bz
177 217 dec
Norgestrel, (-) Nandrolone phenpropionate
8285 8286 8287 8288 8289 8290
s os
177 216.5
L-Norleucine Normorphine Norplant 19-Nortestosterone phenylpropionate 8280 Nortriptyline hydrochloride
8276 8277 8278 8279
2-Aminohexanoic acid, ( L)
166
sl H2O, EtOH, eth; vs alk, dil HCl
vs EtOH, chl s H2O; sl EtOH; i eth sl H2O
1.17225
s H2O, EtOH; i bz, eth, ace s H2O; i EtOH, eth, chl, AcOEt, lig s H2O i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; sl eth; vs ace i H2O; s EtOH, EtOAc, ace, py
sub
154
1.3448
126 111 169 221 2001
vs EtOH, bz, eth i H2O
283
1.820050
1.566050
4417, 2480.5
i H2O; vs EtOH sl EtOH; vs bz, chl, lig
99 112 61.1
672 431.6
90.9 83.4
2001
i H2O; msc ace; s bz, chl vs bz, chl i H2O; s CS2
28.5
1810.8
sl H2O; s ace, hx
115 -63 109 28.2
353 18620, 1535 25012 316.3
265.478
41
286.560
30
lf (al) nd (al, ethMeOH)
0.806720
1.433070
0.8191100 1.4313100
0.91325
1.397020
0.776828
1.439020
362
0.832520
1.438945
20711
0.847520
1.464520
vs EtOH vs bz, peth, lig vs eth, chl i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ace, chl, lig i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace, chl vs eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-401
H N OH
O N
H
O
O
N
O
O
O
O
Norbormide
2,5-Norbornadiene
5-Norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
HO H N
H
NH2
N O
OH
24-Norcholan-23-oic acid, (5β)
HO
HO
H
Nordazepam
Cl
H N
O N
Norepinephrine
H N
N
F F
O
O
OH Norea
F
H
HO
H
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid
H
5-Norbornene-2-methylolacrylate
OH
OH
Cl
O
H
OH
H N
O
OH
N
Norethisterone
Norethynodrel
Norflurazon
O HO HO OH
O
O
O
OH
Norhyoscyamine
O
H
OH
NH2
NH2
DL-Norleucine
L-Norleucine
O
O
H
H
NH O
HO
O
Normorphine
Norplant
19-Nortestosterone phenylpropionate
OH O N H
O O OH
N H Nortriptyline hydrochloride
O
DL-Norvaline
L-Norvaline
O
H2N
O O
NH2
O O
O
OH
NH2
HCl
O
O
H
O
O
OH H N O
O
OH
O
Noscapine
Novobiocin
Cl
Cl OH
OH
F
N
N
H N
H N
HO
HO
Nuarimol
O
Nylidrin
H N
O O
OH O
HO
Ochratoxin A
O
O O
OH O
Ochratoxin B
Cl H N O
O
Cl
O O
H N
OH O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Octacaine
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl Cl Cl
N O
Ochratoxin C
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
O
Octachlorocyclopentene
Cl
Cl
Cl
Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Cl
Cl
Octachloronaphthalene
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl Cl
2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6,6’-Octachlorobiphenyl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl Octachlorostyrene
OH
OH H3C(CH2)78CH3 Octacontane
Octacosane
Octacosanoic acid
1-Octacosanol
O O Si
OH trans, trans-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid
O
Si
Octadecahydrochrysene
O
Si
O
Si
O
Si
O
Si
O
Si
O
Octadecamethyloctasiloxane
Octadecanamide
N SH Octadecane
Octadecanenitrile
1-Octadecanethiol
NH2
Si
3-402
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
8307 1-Octadecanol
Stearyl alcohol
C18H38O
112-92-5
270.494
lf (al)
57.9
335; 210.515
0.812459
cis-Eleostearic acid
C18H35ClO C18H30O2
112-76-5 506-23-0
302.923 278.430
nd (al)
23 49
lf (al)
71.5
21515 23512 dec, 1701 1881
lf
76 17.5 -1 29.8
nD
Solubility
0.89690 0.902850
1.452324 1.511250
i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ace, bz sl EtOH vs eth, EtOH
0.883980
1.500080
vs EtOH
17915, 1458 dec 332 23818
0.789120 0.84717 0.870040
1.444820 1.456620 1.453340
44 6.5
20715
0.848920
1.449960 1.460620
25 34.5
1472 2089
0.851030
52.9
346.8
0.861820
1.452220
36 41.6 50
400 409; 1751
0.8536 0.830020
1.47936 1.461020
15.5
1725 1956
0.88025
1.42925
2172 1823 115.5 135.5; 5935 140.5
0.813840 0.73420 0.816921 1.664720
1.424520 1.452118 1.317820
8308 Octadecanoyl chloride 8309 trans,cis,trans-9,11,13Octadecatrienoic acid 8310 trans,trans,trans-9,11,13Octadecatrienoic acid 8311 cis-9-Octadecenamide 8312 1-Octadecene 8313 cis-9-Octadecenenitrile 8314 cis-6-Octadecenoic acid
trans-Eleostearic acid
C18H30O2
544-73-0
278.430
Petroselinic acid
C18H35NO C18H36 C18H33N C18H34O2
301-02-0 112-88-9 112-91-4 593-39-5
281.477 252.479 263.462 282.462
8315 trans-11-Octadecenoic acid 8316 cis-9-Octadecen-1-ol
Vaccenic acid Oleyl alcohol
C18H34O2 C18H36O
693-72-1 143-28-2
282.462 268.478
Oleylamine Stearyl 2-propenoate 1-Octadecanamine
C18H37N C20H40O2 C21H40O2 C18H39N
112-90-3 822-23-1 4813-57-4 124-30-1
267.494 312.531 324.542 269.510
Irganox 1076
C24H42 C24H48 C35H62O3
4445-07-2 4445-06-1 2082-79-3
330.590 336.638 530.865
C19H37NO C22H42O2 C36H72O2 C21H44O3 C20H40O C8H14 C8H10 C5H4F8O
112-96-9 32360-05-7 2778-96-3 544-62-7 930-02-9 3710-30-3 871-84-1 355-80-6
295.503 338.567 536.956 344.572 296.531 110.197 106.165 232.072
C14H18
1079-71-6
186.293
C7H15N C9H16 C8H15N C10H16O
1121-92-2 496-10-6 13618-93-4 21370-71-8
113.201 124.223 125.212 152.233
C14H18
5325-97-3
186.293
C10H19NO
486-70-4
169.264
C8H28N4Si4
1020-84-4
292.677
97
C8H24O4Si4 C8H26O3Si4
556-67-2 16066-09-4
296.617 282.632
17.5
C8H24O2Si3
107-51-7
236.533
-80
C8H16O
124-13-0
128.212
8344 Octanamide
C8H17NO
629-01-6
143.227
lf, pl
8345 2-Octanamine, (±) 8346 Octane
C8H19N C8H18
44855-57-4 111-65-9
129.244 114.229
8347 1,8-Octanediamine
C8H20N2
373-44-4
144.258
C8H12N2 C8H14O4
629-40-3 505-48-6
136.194 174.195
C8H18O2 C8H18O2
1117-86-8 629-41-4
146.228 146.228
C8H15N C8H18S
124-12-9 111-88-6
125.212 146.294
8317 8318 8319 8320
cis-9-Octadecenylamine Octadecyl acetate Octadecyl acrylate Octadecylamine
8321 Octadecylbenzene 8322 Octadecylcyclohexane 8323 Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di- tert-butyl-4hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 8324 Octadecyl isocyanate 8325 Octadecyl methacrylate 8326 Octadecyl octadecanoate 8327 3-(Octadecyloxy)-1,2-propanediol 8328 Octadecyl vinyl ether 8329 1,7-Octadiene 8330 1,7-Octadiyne 8331 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoro-1pentanol 8332 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8Octahydroanthracene Octahydroazocine Octahydroindene Octahydroindolizine trans-Octahydro-1(2H)naphthalenone 8337 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8Octahydrophenanthrene 8338 trans-Octahydro-2H-quinolizine1-methanol, (1R)
1-Isocyanatooctadecane Stearyl methacrylate Octadecyl stearate Batyl alcohol 1-(Ethenyloxy)octadecane
8333 8334 8335 8336
Lupinine
8339 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane 8340 Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane 8341 1,1,1,3,5,7,7,7Octamethyltetrasiloxane 8342 Octamethyltrisiloxane 8343 Octanal
8348 Octanedinitrile 8349 Octanedioic acid
Caprylic aldehyde
Suberonitrile Suberic acid
8350 1,2-Octanediol 8351 1,8-Octanediol
8352 Octanenitrile 8353 1-Octanethiol
Caprylnitrile Octyl mercaptan
oil
cry (w)
cry (MeOH/ AcOEt)
cry (EtOH)
60 70.5 30
vs eth i H2O; s ace, ctc vs EtOH s eth; sl hp, MeOH s ace i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc vs EtOH s ctc, CS2 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz; sl ace
vs eth sl chl s eth
pl (al)
78
294
0.970380
1.537280
liq
29 -53 33
5215 167 7543 12220
0.89625 0.87625 0.907410 0.98620
1.472020 1.470220 1.4748 1.484921
16.7
295
1.02620
1.556917
70
270
i H2O; s ace, bz, CS2, HOAc s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl; sl peth
175.8 170
0.956120 0.855920
1.396820 1.385420
i H2O; s ctc
153; 5117
0.820020
1.384020
171
0.821120
1.421720
108
239
0.8450110
liq
97 -56.82
164 125.67
0.774420 0.698625
1.423225 1.394425
pl
51.64
225.6
sl EtOH; s bz, peth vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O, bz, chl; vs EtOH; s eth, ace vs eth, EtOH i H2O; s eth; msc EtOH, ace, bz vs H2O, eth, EtOH
-1.8 144
18515 345.5; 21920
0.95425
1.443620
30 63
13110, 1040.2 17220
-45.6 -49.2
205.25 199.1
orth (peth)
liq
lo nd or pl (w) nd (bz-lig), pr liq liq
i H2O; s EtOH, HOAc; vs bz; sl ctc
vs eth, EtOH
i H2O; msc eth, bz; sl DMSO
0.813620 0.843320
1.420320 1.454020
sl H2O, eth, chl, lig; vs EtOH; s bz vs eth s EtOH; sl ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-403 O OH
O Cl
OH 1-Octadecanol
Octadecanoyl chloride
trans,cis,trans-9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic acid
O O
N NH2
OH trans,trans,trans-9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic acid
cis-9-Octadecenamide
1-Octadecene
cis-9-Octadecenenitrile
O OH O
OH
NH2
OH cis-6-Octadecenoic acid
trans-11-Octadecenoic acid
O
cis-9-Octadecen-1-ol
cis-9-Octadecenylamine
O O
O Octadecyl acetate
NH2 Octadecyl acrylate
Octadecylamine
Octadecylbenzene
O O N OH Octadecylcyclohexane
Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
Octadecyl isocyanate
O O
O
O
OH
Octadecyl methacrylate
Octadecyl octadecanoate
3-(Octadecyloxy)-1,2-propanediol
OH F F
F
H
1,7-Octadiyne
N
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-Octafluoro-1-pentanol
O
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydroanthracene
OH
Si
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydrophenanthrene
Octahydroindene
H Si N N H H N Si N Si H
N
H
Octahydroazocine
Octahydroindolizine
Si
H
trans-Octahydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone
Octadecyl vinyl ether
H N
F F F F F 1,7-Octadiene
O
OH
O
trans-Octahydro-2H-quinolizine-1-methanol, (1R)
Si O
2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-Octamethylcyclotetrasilazane
Si O O O Si Si
Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
O
H H Si Si Si O O O
Si
1,1,1,3,5,7,7,7-Octamethyltetrasiloxane
O
Si
O
Si
NH2
NH2
O
Octamethyltrisiloxane
Octanal
Octanamide
2-Octanamine, (±)
Octane
O N NH2
H2N
HO
N
1,8-Octanediamine
OH OH
Octanedinitrile
Octanedioic acid
1,8-Octanediol
1,2-Octanediol
N
OH
HO
OH
O
Octanenitrile
SH 1-Octanethiol
C
O
3-404
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds †
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
8354 Octanoic acid
Caprylic acid
C8H16O2
124-07-2
144.212
C16H30O3
623-66-5
270.407
8355 Octanoic anhydride
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
16.5
239
0.907325
1.428520
liq
-1
282.5
0.906518
1.435818
sl H2O; msc EtOH, chl, CH3CN vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace
8356 1-Octanol
Capryl alcohol
C8H18O
111-87-5
130.228
liq
-14.8
195.16
0.826225
1.429520
8357 2-Octanol
(±)-sec-Caprylic alcohol
C8H18O
4128-31-8
130.228
liq
-31.6
179.3
0.819320
1.420320
C8H18O C8H18O
589-98-0 74778-22-6
130.228 130.228
liq liq
-45 -40.7
171 176.3
0.825820 0.818620
1.424820
liq
-16
172.5
0.82020
1.415120
8358 3-Octanol 8359 4-Octanol
sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc s eth i H2O; sl EtOH; s bz, chl, HOAc s peth, HOAc
8360 2-Octanone
Hexyl methyl ketone
C8H16O
111-13-7
128.212
8361 3-Octanone
Ethyl pentyl ketone
C8H16O
106-68-3
128.212
167.5
0.82225
1.415020
8362 4-Octanone
Butyl propyl ketone
C8H16O
589-63-9
128.212
163
0.814625
1.417314
8363 Octanoyl chloride 8364 Octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane
C8H15ClO C48H40O4Si4
111-64-8 546-56-5
162.657 793.172
liq nd (bz-al, HOAc)
-63 200.5
195.6 3301
0.953515
1.433520
8365 1,3,5,7-Octatetraene 8366 trans-2-Octenal 8367 1-Octene
C8H10 C8H14O C8H16
1482-91-3 2548-87-0 111-66-0
106.165 126.196 112.213
cry (bz) liq liq
50 -101.7
sub 8519 121.29
0.846 0.714920
1.450020 1.408720
8368 cis-2-Octene
C8H16
7642-04-8
112.213
liq
-100.2
125.6
0.724320
1.415020
8369 trans-2-Octene
C8H16
13389-42-9
112.213
liq
-87.7
125
0.719920
1.413220
8370 cis-3-Octene
C8H16
14850-22-7
112.213
liq
-126
122.9
0.715920
1.413520
8371 trans-3-Octene
C8H16
14919-01-8
112.213
liq
-110
123.3
0.715220
1.412620
8372 cis-4-Octene
C8H16
7642-15-1
112.213
liq
-118.7
122.5
0.721220
1.414820
8373 trans-4-Octene
C8H16
14850-23-8
112.213
liq
-93.8
122.3
0.714120
1.411420
8374 8375 8376 8377 8378
C8H16O C8H16O C8H12 C11H19NOS C10H20O2
3391-86-4 22104-78-5 17679-92-4 26530-20-1 112-14-1
128.212 128.212 108.181 213.340 172.265
0.839513 0.85020 0.774920
1.439112 1.447020 1.459220
-38.5
174; 6912 8811 134; 6260 1200.01 210
0.870520
1.415020
i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ctc s H2O vs eth i H2O; msc eth, bz vs EtOH
1-Octen-3-ol 2-Octen-1-ol 1-Octen-3-yne Octhilinone Octyl acetate
Caprylene
2-Octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
liq
8379 Octyl acrylate 8380 Octylamine
Octyl 2-propenoate 1-Octanamine
C11H20O2 C8H19N
2499-59-4 111-86-4
184.276 129.244
0
229; 570.05 179.6
0.881020 0.782620
1.429220
8381 Octylamine hydrochloride 8382 4-Octylaniline 8383 Octylbenzene
1-Octanamine hydrochloride
C8H20ClN C14H23N C14H22
142-95-0 16245-79-7 2189-60-8
165.705 205.340 190.325
liq
196.5 20 -36
310; 1385 264
0.912820 0.856220
1.484520
C12H24O2 C14H28 C13H26 C18H36O2 C10H23N C20H27O4P C9H18O2
110-39-4 1795-15-9 1795-20-6 619-39-6 7378-99-6 115-88-8 112-32-3
200.318 196.372 182.345 284.478 157.297 362.399 158.238
liq liq liq nd or lf (al)
-55.6 -20 -44 38.5
244.1 264 243 21513 194
0.862920 0.813820 0.804820 0.844770
liq
-39.1
198.8
1.0925 0.874420
8391 Octyl isocyanate 8392 Octyl methacrylate 8393 Octyl nitrate
C9H17NO C12H22O2 C8H17NO3
3158-26-7 2157-01-9 629-39-0
155.237 198.302 175.226
786 239.5 11020
0.9750
8394 Octyl nitrite
C8H17NO2
629-46-9
159.227
174.5
0.86217
1.412720
8395 Octyl octanoate
C16H32O2
2306-88-9
256.424
306.8
0.855420
1.435220
8384 8385 8386 8387 8388 8389 8390
Octyl butanoate Octylcyclohexane Octylcyclopentane 2-Octyldecanoic acid Octyldimethylamine Octyl diphenyl phosphate Octyl formate
N,N-Dimethyl-1-octanamine
liq
-18.1
1.426715 1.450320 1.444620
i H2O; msc EtOH; s eth, ace; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; vs chl vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig, ctc vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig; sl ctc
vs eth
vs eth, EtOH
1.420815
i H2O; s EtOH; msc eth; sl ctc
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth vs ace, eth, EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
O OH
3-405 O
O
Octanoic acid
OH
Octanoic anhydride
OH
1-Octanol
OH
2-Octanol
O OH
3-Octanol
O
O
4-Octanol
2-Octanone
3-Octanone
4-Octanone
Si O
Si O O Si O Si
O Cl
O
Octanoyl chloride
Octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane
1-Octene
cis-2-Octene
1,3,5,7-Octatetraene
trans-2-Octene
trans-2-Octenal
cis-3-Octene
trans-3-Octene
OH OH cis-4-Octene
trans-4-Octene
1-Octen-3-ol
2-Octen-1-ol
1-Octen-3-yne
O O S
N
O O
Octhilinone
NH2
O Octyl acetate
Octyl acrylate
Octylamine
NH2
O NH2 HCl
O
Octylamine hydrochloride
4-Octylaniline
Octylbenzene
Octyl butanoate
O OH Octylcyclohexane
Octylcyclopentane
N
2-Octyldecanoic acid
O O P O O
Octyldimethylamine
O N O
Octyl diphenyl phosphate
O Octyl formate
O Octyl nitrate
O N
C
O
O
Octyl isocyanate
Octyl methacrylate
O O
O Octyl nitrite
N
O
O Octyl octanoate
3-406
No. Name 8396 8397 8398 8399
Octyloxirane 4-(Octyloxy)benzaldehyde 4-Octylphenol Octyl phenyl ether
8400 4-Octylphenyl salicylate
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
2404-44-6 24083-13-4 1806-26-4 1818-07-1
156.265 234.335 206.324 206.324
liq
(Octyloxy)benzene
C10H20O C15H22O2 C14H22O C14H22O C21H26O3
2512-56-3
326.429
wh cry
73
C11H22O2
142-60-9
186.292
liq
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 4octylphenyl ester
8401 Octyl propanoate
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
43.0 8
12895, 9730 1310.5 16910, 1504 285
0.913115
1.487520
i H2O; s EtOH, eth
-42.6
228
0.866320
1.422115
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth vs eth i H2O; s EtOH, chl i H2O; sl EtOH, chl, lig; s eth, bz i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, ace; vs py, HOAc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl, ctc
8402 1-Octyne
Hexylacetylene
C8H14
629-05-0
110.197
liq
-79.3
126.3
0.746120
1.415920
8403 2-Octyne
Methylpentylacetylene
C8H14
2809-67-8
110.197
liq
-61.6
137.6
0.759620
1.427820
C8H14
15232-76-5
110.197
liq
-103.9
133.1
0.752920
1.425020
8404 3-Octyne 8405 4-Octyne
Dipropylacetylene
C8H14
1942-45-6
110.197
liq
-101
131.6
0.750920
1.424820
8406 2-Octyn-1-ol 8407 Oleandrin
2-Octynol
C8H14O C32H48O9
20739-58-6 465-16-7
126.196 576.718
-18 250 dec
9815
0.880520
1.455620
cry (EtOH)
8408 Olean-12-en-3-ol, (3 β)
β-Amyrin
C30H50O
559-70-6
426.717
nd (lig or al) 197
26005
C30H48O3
508-02-1
456.700
nd or pr (al) 310 dec
sub 280
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid
C18H34O2
112-80-1
282.462
0.893520
1.458220
73590-58-6 1113-02-6 523-44-4
345.416 213.192 350.324
cry (MeCN) oil red-br pow
1.3220
1.498720
1-Naphthol Orange
C17H19N3O3S C5H12NO4PS C16H11N2NaO4S
8414 Orange IV 8415 Orcein 8416 L-Ornithine
Tropaeolin OO
C18H14N3NaO3S
554-73-4 1400-62-0 70-26-8
375.377
140
vs H2O, EtOH
8417 L-Ornithine, monohydrochloride 8418 Orotic acid
3184-13-2 65-86-1
168.622 156.097
215 345.5
vs H2O sl H2O; i os
480-11-5
284.263
ye nd (al)
231.5
vs ace, eth, EtOH
83-98-7 19044-88-3
269.382 346.359
8422 Ouabain 8423 7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
C5H13ClN2O2 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-4- C5H4N2O4 pyrimidinecarboxylic acid 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2C16H12O5 phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4one C18H23NO Benzenesulfonamide, 4C12H18N4O6S (dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitroC29H44O12 C6H10O
ye pow br-red pow micro cry (al-eth) nd cry (w)
630-60-4 286-20-4
584.652 98.142
8424 8425 8426 8427 8428 8429
C5H8O Exaltolide C15H28O2 1-Oxa-3,4-diazacyclopentadiene C2H2N2O C15H18Cl2N2O3 C14H18N2O4 C2H2O4
285-67-6 106-02-5 288-99-3 19666-30-9 77732-09-3 144-62-7
84.117 240.382 70.049 345.221 278.304 90.035
C2H6O6
6153-56-6
126.065
mcl tab or pr 101.5
C4H4O5 C2Cl2O2 C2H6N4O2
328-42-7 79-37-8 996-98-5
132.072 126.926 118.095
liq nd (w)
161 dec -16 244.0
8434 Oxamic acid
C2H3NO3
471-47-6
89.050
cry (w)
210 dec
8435 Oxamide
C2H4N2O2
471-46-5
88.065
nd (w)
350 dec
8436 Oxamniquine
C14H21N3O3
21738-42-1
279.335
ye-oran cry
149
8437 Oxamyl 8438 Oxandrolone 8439 1,4-Oxathiane
C7H13N3O3S C19H30O3 C4H8OS
23135-22-0 53-39-4 15980-15-1
219.261 306.439 104.171
liq
109 236 -17
8409 Oleanolic acid
8410 Oleic acid
8411 Omeprazole 8412 Omethoate 8413 Orange I
8419 Oroxylin A
8420 Orphenadrine 8421 Oryzalin
6-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Oxadiazon Oxadixyl Oxalic acid
2,5-Diaminopentanoic acid, (S) C5H12N2O2
8430 Oxalic acid dihydrate 8431 Oxaloacetic acid 8432 Oxalyl chloride 8433 Oxalyl dihydrazide
Oxalacetic acid Oxalyl dichloride
132.161
13.4
360; 286100
156 ≈135 dec
msc H2O; i hx s H2O; sl EtOH; i bz s H2O
19512 141 hyg pl (+9w) 200 <-10
thick oil 90 104 orth pym or 189.5 dec oct
131.5
0.966320
1.451920
102 17615 150
0.96425 0.954920
1.433620 1.470820 1.430025
sub 157
1.90017
s H2O; vs EtOH; sl eth; i bz, chl, peth s H2O, EtOH; sl eth
1.65318
63.5
1.478520 1.45822
1.66720
dec
0.9725
147
1.117420
sl H2O; vs EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s chl; sl ctc
1.431620
s eth s H2O; sl EtOH, eth, bz, chl sl H2O; i EtOH, eth sl H2O, EtOH; i eth s ace, chl, MeOH
sl H2O
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
3-407 OH OH O O
O
O
O Octyloxirane
4-(Octyloxy)benzaldehyde
4-Octylphenol
Octyl phenyl ether
4-Octylphenyl salicylate
O OH
O Octyl propanoate
1-Octyne
2-Octyne
3-Octyne
4-Octyne
2-Octyn-1-ol
O O
H
O OH
HO
O O
O
Olean-12-en-3-ol, (3β)
Oleandrin
O
Oleanolic acid
O O P O S O
N
N H Omeprazole
H N
N
Oleic acid
H N
O Na
S S
OH
HO
HO
O
O O
O
N
OH
H
H
H
O
N
N
O O
N S
O
HO
O
Omethoate
Orange I
OH
H2N
O Na
NH2
Orange IV
L-Ornithine
NH2 O S O O
OH O
OH O
O H2N
OH
HCl
N H
O
NH2 L-Ornithine, monohydrochloride
HO
O
N
O
NH
O
O
Orotic acid
Oroxylin A
N O
Orphenadrine
N O
N
O
Oryzalin
O O HO HO HO
H
O Cl
OH HO
O O
OH
O
O
O
N N
N N
O
Ouabain
7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
6-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one
O
O
O
OH OH
1,3,4-Oxadiazole
Cl
Oxadiazon
O
O
O
N HO
N O
O
O OH
HO
O
Oxadixyl
OH O OH
2H2O
O
Oxalic acid
O
HO
OH
Cl
O
Oxalic acid dihydrate
Cl
H2N
O
Oxaloacetic acid
H N
O
Oxalyl chloride
O NH2 O Oxamide
HO O
N O
N H Oxamniquine
H N
O N H
NH2
OH H
N O
S O Oxamyl
O
O S
Oxandrolone
NH2
Oxamic acid
O
N
HO O
Oxalyl dihydrazide
O H 2N
O
H N
1,4-Oxathiane
3-408
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
8440 Oxazepam
C15H11ClN2O2
604-75-1
286.713
cry (EtOH)
205.5
8441 8442 8443 8444
C3H3NO C6H12O C6H10O2 C3H6O
288-42-6 592-90-5 502-44-3 503-30-0
69.062 100.158 114.142 58.079
liq liq
57-57-8 6704-31-0 75-21-8
72.063 72.063 44.052
No. Name
Oxazole Oxepane 2-Oxepanone Oxetane
Synonym
Caprolactone Trimethylene oxide
8445 2-Oxetanone 8446 3-Oxetanone 8447 Oxirane
β-Propiolactone Ethylene oxide
C3H4O2 C3H4O2 C2H4O
8448 Oxiranecarboxaldehyde 8449 Oxiranemethanol, (±)
Glycidaldehyde Glycidol
C3H4O2 C3H6O2
765-34-4 61915-27-3
72.063 74.079
8450 α-Oxobenzeneacetaldehyde aldoxime 8451 α-Oxobenzeneacetic acid
Isonitrosoacetophenone
C8H7NO2
532-54-7
149.148
C8H6O3
611-73-4
150.132
8452 α-Oxobenzeneacetic acid, methyl ester 8453 α-Oxobenzeneacetonitrile
C9H8O3
15206-55-0
164.158
C8H5NO
613-90-1
131.132
8454 γ-Oxobenzenebutanoic acid
C10H10O3
2051-95-8
178.184
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
i H2O; s EtOH, chl, diox 1.428517 1.440020 1.461120 1.396120
69.5 119 215 47.6
0.8925 1.076120 0.893025
liq -33.4 unstab liq vol liq or gas -112.5
162 106 10.6
1.146020 1.137 0.882110
1.410520
liq
112.5 1.140320 dec 167; 662.5 1.114325
1.426520 1.428720
-1.0 -97
-62 -45
1.35977
129 pr (CCl4)
66
16315
lf (dil al)
206
Benzoylacetonitrile
C9H7NO
614-16-4
145.158
8456 α-Oxobenzenepropanoic acid
3-Phenylpyruvic acid
C9H8O3
156-06-9
164.158
lf (bz, chl)
157.5
8457 2-Oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3carboxylic acid 8458 Oxobis(2,4-pentanedione) vanadium 8459 2-Oxobutanoic acid
Coumarin-3-carboxylic acid
C9H6O3
531-81-7
162.142
nd (w, bz)
190 dec
Vanadyl acetylacetonate
C10H14O5V
3153-26-2
265.157
bl cry
258
1740.2
C4H6O3
600-18-0
102.089
33
8116
C4H6O3
692-29-5
102.089
oil
C5H6O5
328-50-7
146.099
cry (ace-bz) 115.5
8462 6-Oxoheptanoic acid
C7H12O3
3128-07-2
144.168
40.2
251280, 1351
8463 5-Oxohexanoic acid
C6H10O3
3128-06-1
130.141
13.5
274.5
1.0925
1.445120
C11H9NO3
392-12-1
203.194
gray cry
211
C13H11NO5 C5H8O2
14698-29-4 626-96-0
261.230 100.117
cry (DMF)
313 dec <-21
dec 187
1.013421
1.425722
C5H6O5
542-05-2
146.099
nd (AcOEt)
C5H8O3
1821-02-9
116.116
6.5
179
1.097014
dec 245
1.133520
8461 2-Oxoglutaric acid
α-Ketoglutaric acid
8464 α-Oxo-1H-indole-3-propanoic acid 8465 Oxolinic acid 8466 4-Oxopentanal
Indole-3-pyruvic acid
8467 3-Oxopentanedioic acid
Acetonedicarboxylic acid
8468 2-Oxopentanoic acid
C5H8O3
123-76-2
116.116
lf or pl
33
8470 4-Oxo-4-(phenylamino)butanoic acid 8471 cis-4-Oxo-4-(phenylamino)-2butenoic acid 8472 Oxophenylarsine
Succinanilic acid
C10H11NO3
102-14-7
193.199
nd (w)
148.5
Maleanilic acid
C10H9NO3
555-59-9
191.183
mcl ye cry
192 dec
Phenylarsine oxide
C6H5AsO
637-03-6
168.025
cry (bz-eth) 145 or (chl-eth)
C10H8O3
583-06-2
176.169
nd or pr (tol) 99
C3H5NO2
306-44-5
87.078
nd(CCl4) lf (eth-peth)
8475 2-Oxopropanenitrile
C3H3NO
631-57-2
69.062
8476 17-(1-Oxopropoxy)-androst-4-en- Testosterone-17-propionate 3-one, (17β)
C22H32O3
57-85-2
344.487
8474 2-Oxopropanal oxime
Isonitrosoacetone
1.20017
1.397220
1.430625
138 dec
Levulinic acid
8473 4-Oxo-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid
16010
13514
8469 4-Oxopentanoic acid
69
120
vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH; s bz, chl sl H2O; s chl
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl chl s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl, CS2 sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, alk, aq KCN sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, chl; i lig vs EtOH
8455 β-Oxobenzenepropanenitrile
8460 4-Oxobutanoic acid
s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz
1.526820
116.5
80.5
s EtOH, eth, ace msc H2O, EtOH; s eth; vs ace msc eth; s chl
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc; i CS2
247 32.5
Solubility
1.439620
i H2O; s EtOH, MeOH, bz, chl vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ctc
vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH s H2O, EtOH; sl eth; i bz, chl, lig sl H2O; s eth, bz, chl, lig, CS2 vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O; s EtOH; vs eth
1.41830
sub
1.074467
92.3
0.974520
1.376420
i H2O, eth; sl EtOH; vs bz, chl sl H2O, chl, lig; s EtOH, eth, tol s H2O, eth; sl bz, ctc, chl s eth, ace, CH3CN vs eth, py, EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds H N
3-409
O OH N
Cl
O
N Oxazepam
O
O
O
Oxazole
Oxepane
O
O
2-Oxepanone
Oxetane
O
O
O
2-Oxetanone
3-Oxetanone
O OH
O O
Oxiranecarboxaldehyde
O
O α-Oxobenzeneacetaldehyde aldoxime
Oxiranemethanol, (±)
O
O
O
O N
α-Oxobenzeneacetic acid, methyl ester
O OH
O
O
2-Oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carboxylic acid
OH O
γ-Oxobenzenebutanoic acid
β-Oxobenzenepropanenitrile
O O
OH
O
O
O
Oxobis(2,4-pentanedione)vanadium
2-Oxobutanoic acid
OH
O
6-Oxoheptanoic acid
O O
O
HO
3-Oxopentanedioic acid
O
H N OH
O
4-Oxopentanoic acid
4-Oxo-4-(phenylamino)butanoic acid
O
OH
cis-4-Oxo-4-(phenylamino)-2-butenoic acid
O
O As
O OH O
Oxophenylarsine
4-Oxopentanal
O
O
2-Oxopentanoic acid
Oxolinic acid
H N
OH
O
O O
O OH
OH
O
N
α-Oxo-1H-indole-3-propanoic acid
5-Oxohexanoic acid
2-Oxoglutaric acid
OH
O
O
N H
OH
OH O
4-Oxobutanoic acid
OH
O
O
O
HO
O
O
O
OH
O O
α-Oxobenzenepropanoic acid
O
O
V
O
O
O
α-Oxobenzeneacetonitrile
O
α-Oxobenzeneacetic acid
N
OH
O
O
OH
OH
O
O
Oxirane
O N
4-Oxo-4-phenyl-2-butenoic acid
H
O
O N
OH
2-Oxopropanal oxime
N 2-Oxopropanenitrile
O
O 17-(1-Oxopropoxy)-androst-4-en-3-one, (17β)
3-410
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
8477 2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid Coumalic acid
C6H4O4
500-05-0
140.094
pr (MeOH)
207 dec
218120
8478 4-Oxo-4H-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 8479 17-Oxosparteine
Chelidonic acid
C7H4O6
99-32-1
184.103
C15H24N2O
489-72-5
248.364
20912
vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl
8480 4,4’-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl chloride) 8481 4,4’-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) 8482 Oxybutynin 8483 Oxycarboxin
Diphenyl ether 4,4’-disulfonyl chloride
C12H8Cl2O5S2
121-63-1
367.225
rose mcl nd 262 (al-w,+1w) ye to col hyg 84 nd (peth) cry (peth) 128
sl H2O, eth, ace; i bz, chl; s EtOH, HOAc sl H2O, EtOH
C12H14N4O5S2
80-51-3
358.393
cry (H2O)
164 dec
Carboxin S,S-dioxide
C22H31NO3 C12H13NO4S
5633-20-5 5259-88-1
357.486 267.301
cry pr (EtOH)
114 129
Dihydro-14-hydroxycodeinone
C10H4Cl8O C18H21NO4
27304-13-8 76-42-6
423.762 315.365
cry (pentane) 100 rods (EtOH) 219
C6H15O4PS2 C24H16As2O3
301-12-2 58-36-6
246.284 502.225
<-20 185
1060.01
col mcl cry
C15H11ClF3NO4 C16H24N2O C21H32O3 C3H8N2O3
42874-03-3 1491-59-4 434-07-1 140-95-4
361.701 260.374 332.477 120.107
84 182 179 126
dec 358
cry (bz) cry pr(al)
8492 Oxyphenbutazone
C19H20N2O3
129-20-4
324.373
8493 8494 8495 8496
Oxyphenonium bromide Oxytetracycline Oxytocin Paclobutrazol
C21H34BrNO3 C22H24N2O9 C43H66N12O12S2 C15H20ClN3O
50-10-2 79-57-2 50-56-6 76738-62-0
428.404 460.434 1007.187 wh pow 293.792 wh cry
191.5 184.5
1.63420
166
1.22
8497 8498 8499 8500 8501
Palustric acid Pamoic acid Pancuronium dibromide Panose Panthesin
C20H30O2 C23H16O6 C35H60Br2N2O4 C18H32O16 C18H32N2O5S
1945-53-5 130-85-8 15500-66-0 33401-87-5 135-44-4
302.451 388.369 732.670 504.437 388.522
164.5 315 215 223 dec 158
8502 Pantolactone 8503 Pantothenic acid 8504 Papaveraldine
C6H10O3 C9H17NO5 C20H19NO5
599-04-2 79-83-4 522-57-6
130.141 219.235 353.369
8505 Papaverine
C20H21NO4
58-74-2
339.386
No. Name
8484 Oxychlordane 8485 Oxycodone 8486 Oxydemeton-methyl 8487 10,10’-Oxydiphenoxarsine 8488 8489 8490 8491
Synonym
10,10’-Oxybis[10Hphenoxarsine]
Oxyfluorfen Oxymetazoline Oxymetholone Oxymethurea
4-α-Isomaltosylglucose
8506 Papaverine hydrochloride
Cerespan
C20H22ClNO4
61-25-6
375.847
8507 Paraformaldehyde 8508 Paraldehyde
2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-trioxane
(CH2O)x C6H12O3
30525-89-4 123-63-7
30.026 132.157
8509 Paramethadione 8510 Paraoxon 8511 Paraquat 8512 Pararosaniline hydrochloride 8513 Parasorbic acid
O,O-Diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate Basic fuchsin
cry (eth/ peth)
cry (MeOH) cry pa ye pow (al)
Solubility
sl H2O; s bz, EtOH; vs ace i H2O, eth; s EtOH, chl 1.28920 1.41
i H2O; s EtOH, chl; i CH2Cl2
1.3573 i eth, chl
14925
s H2O, EtOH, MeOH; i eth; sl DMSO s EtOH, MeOH, chl, bz, eth vs H2O; sl EtOH s H2O, BuOH i H2O; vs ace, MeOH; s xyl, hx
sl chl vs H2O, EtOH
92 ye visc oil nd (al),cry (bz, peth) wh pr (aleth), nd (chl-peth) wh mcl pr (w)
vs H2O, bz, eth i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; s bz, chl sl H2O; vs EtOH, chl; s ace, bz, py vs H2O, EtOH
210.5 147.5
sub 135
1.33720
1.625
124.3
0.994320
1.404920
224.5 164 dec 12.6
157.167
liq
C10H14NO6P
311-45-5
275.195
oily liq
1610.5
1.268325
1.5096
C12H14N2 C19H18ClN3 C6H8O2
4685-14-7 569-61-9 10048-32-5
186.252 323.819 112.127
cation pale viol pow 269 dec oily lig
10015
1.07918
1.473620
56-38-2
291.261
6.1
8515 Patchouli alcohol
C15H26O
5986-55-0
222.366
8516 Pebulate
C10H21NOS
1114-71-2
203.345
8517 Pelargonidin chloride
C15H11ClO5
134-04-3
306.698
8518 Pellotine
C13H19NO3
83-14-7
237.295
red br hyg >350 (anh) pr or pl pl (al, peth) 111.5
C9H8N2O2
2152-34-3
176.172
cry
375
56 14220
256 dec
1.2681
20
1.449
25
115-67-3
ye liq
1.121
25
C7H11NO3
C10H14NO5PS
2-Amino-5-phenyl-4(5H)oxazolone
nD
124
8514 Parathion
8519 Pemoline
den/ g cm-3
1.5370
25
0.990665
1.502965
0.945820
1.475220
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, chl, bz, eth s eth
vs H2O, eth, EtOH i H2O; s eth, ace; sl ctc; vs EtOH, AcOEt i H2O; s EtOH, eth vs ace, bz, MeOH s H2O; vs EtOH; sl chl, MeOH vs ace, eth, EtOH, peth i H2O, eth, ace; sl hot EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-411
O
O
O
H
HO
HO O
O
OH
O O
2-Oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid
N
O
4-Oxo-4H-pyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid
O
O OH
H N
N
Cl
H
4,4’-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl chloride)
4,4’-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide)
O
O S
N OH
Cl
O
Oxychlordane
Oxycodone
As O As
O
O P S O O
Oxydemeton-methyl
O
F F
H N
O
Cl
N O
F
O
O
OH
Oxyfluorfen
N H
Oxymetholone
OH OH N H H
N H
N
N OH
OH
Oxymethurea
Oxyphenbutazone
N
OH
N
O OH
HO
H
Oxymetazoline
O
O
O
HO
N
N
NH2
Br HO O HO O
HO Oxyphenonium bromide
O
10,10’-Oxydiphenoxarsine
OH O
O NH2 N H
Cl O
Cl
S
O
O Cl
Cl
Oxycarboxin
O S H 2N N O H
O S Cl O
S O O O
Oxybutynin
O S Cl O
17-Oxosparteine
Cl Cl O
O
O N
Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly(NH2)
O
Oxytetracycline
Cl
N
HO
Oxytocin
Paclobutrazol
O HO HO HO
O
OH O
O
Br OH
N
HO
OH
N
Palustric acid
OH
OH
Pancuronium dibromide
O
O
O HO
N
H2N
O
O Panthesin
OH
Pantolactone
OH OH
Panose
O OH
OH
OH
Pamoic acid
OH O S O
O O
HO
O
HO
O
O
HO
Br
O
O
O
H
O
O N H
O N O
O
OH
N
O
O
O
Pantothenic acid
O
Papaveraldine
Papaverine
O N
O
O
HCl
H
N
O
H
O
Paraformaldehyde
Paraldehyde
O O
O
O
x
Papaverine hydrochloride
O
O
O
O
N O
O P O O N
Paramethadione
Paraoxon
N Paraquat
NH OH HCl
O O
H2N
NH2 Pararosaniline hydrochloride
O
O
Parasorbic acid
N O
OH
HO
O P O S
O S
N
Patchouli alcohol
Pebulate
O
O
NH N
O
O OH Pellotine
O Cl
H Parathion
HO
Pemoline
NH
Pelargonidin chloride
OH
3-412
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
40487-42-1
281.308
18840-45-4 61-33-6
268.354 334.390
C29H38N4O6S C16H18N2O5S C6H6Br5Cl
54-35-3 87-08-1 87-84-3
570.700 350.389 513.085
C7H3Br5
87-83-2
486.619
C6HBr5O
608-71-9
488.591
No. Name
Synonym
8520 Pendimethalin
N-(1-Ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl- C13H19N3O4 2,6-dinitroaniline C8H16N2O4S2 Benzylpenicillinic acid C16H18N2O4S
8521 Penicillamine cysteine disulfide 8522 Penicillin G
8523 Penicillin G procaine 8524 Penicillin V 8525 1,2,3,4,5-Pentabromo-6chlorocyclohexane 8526 Pentabromomethylbenzene
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
8527 Pentabromophenol
Mol. Form.
Physical Form
cry cry
mcl pr (HOAc) nd (al) nd (w, al) pr (eth) tan cry (peth) ye grn nd or lf (xyl) nd (al) nd MeOH nd (al)
C3HBr5O
79-49-2
452.559
Dienochlor Benzo[b]naphthacene
C10Cl10 C22H14
2227-17-0 135-48-8
474.637 278.346
8531 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachloroaniline 8532 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachloroanisole 8533 Pentachlorobenzene
C6H2Cl5N Methyl pentachlorophenyl ether C7H3Cl5O C6HCl5
527-20-8 1825-21-4 608-93-5
265.352 280.363 250.337
8534 8535 8536 8537
Pentachlorophenyl mercaptan
C6HCl5S C12H5Cl5 C12H5Cl5 C12H3Cl5O2
133-49-3 18259-05-7 37680-73-2 39227-61-7
282.402 326.433 326.433 356.416
C2HCl5
76-01-7
202.294
nd (peth) cry (EtOH) cry (bz/ MeOH) liq
C2Cl5F
354-56-3
220.284
C6Cl5NO2
82-68-8
8541 Pentachlorophenol
C6HCl5O
8542 8543 8544 8545
8539 Pentachlorofluoroethane 8540 Pentachloronitrobenzene
Quintozene
1,1,2,2,3-Pentachloropropane 1,1,2,3,3-Pentachloro-1-propene Pentachloropyridine 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorotoluene
8546 8547 8548 8549 8550
Pentacontane Pentacosane 1H-Pentadecafluoroheptane Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8Pentadecafluoro-1-octanol 8551 Pentadecanal
1,1-Dihydroperfluorooctanol
den/ g cm-3
56
dec
1.1925
108 dec 124 dec 204
1.255525
288
2.9717
229.5
sub
79.5
sub
233.0 108.5 86
i H2O i H2O
138
1.7425
295.335
cry (al)
144
dec 328
1.71825
87-86-5
266.336
mcl pr (al + 174 1w) nd (bz)
dec 310
1.97822
C3H3Cl5 C3HCl5 C5Cl5N C7H3Cl5
16714-68-4 1600-37-9 2176-62-7 877-11-2
216.321 214.305 251.326 264.364
181500 185 280 301
1.63325 1.631734
1.509825 1.531320
C50H102 C25H52 C7HF15 C8HF15O2 C8H3F15O
6596-40-3 629-99-2 375-83-7 335-67-1 307-30-2
703.345 352.681 370.059 414.069 400.085
0.801220 1.72525
1.449120 1.269025
waxy solid
54.3 47
575.0 401.9; 28240 96.0 192.4 164; 688
C15H30O
2765-11-9
226.398
nd
24.5
18525 20
20
125.5 nd (bz, peth) 224.8
92.1 53.93
629-76-5 2345-28-0 818-23-5
228.414 226.398 226.398
13360-61-7 2570-26-5 2131-18-2 492-89-7 6006-95-7 501-24-6 765-13-9 591-95-7
210.399 227.430 288.511 320.510 294.558 304.510 208.383 68.118
liq
Ethylallene
C15H30 C15H33N C21H36 C21H36O2 C21H42 C21H36O C15H28 C5H8
-1.4 37.3 22 nd (to, peth) 59.5 29 nd (peth) 53.5 10 liq -137.3
8565 cis-1,3-Pentadiene
cis-Piperylene
C5H8
1574-41-0
68.118
liq
8566 trans-1,3-Pentadiene
trans-Piperylene
C5H8
2004-70-8
68.118
liq
3-Pentadecylcatechol
i H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz, chl, CS2
101.3
C15H32O C15H30O C15H30O
Pentadecanamine
1.834216
col liq
242.398
1-Pentadecene Pentadecylamine Pentadecylbenzene 3-Pentadecyl-1,2-benzenediol Pentadecylcyclohexane 3-Pentadecylphenol 1-Pentadecyne 1,2-Pentadiene
277
1.679620
1002-84-2
8557 8558 8559 8560 8561 8562 8563 8564
i H2O; sl bz; s PhNO2 vs eth, EtOH, lig
162.0
C15H30O2
8554 1-Pentadecanol 8555 2-Pentadecanone 8556 8-Pentadecanone
i H2O; sl EtOH, HOAc; s bz i H2O; s EtOH, bz, HOAc; sl eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, chl
-28.78
212.415
Pentadecylic acid
sl H2O; s MeOH, EtOH, eth, chl, bz, ace s H2O, EtOH, chl sl H2O; s os
231.5 123.5 78.5 195
629-62-9
8553 Pentadecanoic acid
Solubility
122 >300 dec
C15H32
8552 Pentadecane
nD
195
Pentabromoacetone
Refrigerant 120
bp/˚C
amor wh pow
8528 1,1,1,3,3-Pentabromo-2propanone 8529 Pentac 8530 Pentacene
Pentachlorobenzenethiol 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl 2,2’,4,5,5’-Pentachlorobiphenyl 1,2,3,4,7-Pentachlorodibenzo-pdioxin 8538 Pentachloroethane
mp/˚C
pl (dil al, HOAc) cry (peth)
cry (al)
1.502520
9.95
270.6
0.7685
1.4315
52.3
257100, 1581
0.842380
43.9 39.5 43
300 294 291
0.834725 0.818239 0.818039
268.2 307.6 373
0.776420 0.810420 0.854820
1.438920 1.448020 1.481520
373 2308, 1971.5 268 44.9
0.826720
1.458820
0.792820 0.692620
1.441920 1.420920
-140.8
44.1
0.691020
1.436320
-87.4
42
0.671025
1.430120
1.425480
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; sl EtOH; s bz, chl i H2O; sl lig; vs EtOH, eth; s bz vs eth vs bz, EtOH, lig sl EtOH, eth, CS2; s bz, tol, peth s bz, chl
vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, ace; s eth; sl tfa i H2O s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc, chl i H2O; s ace vs eth, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH vs ace, bz, EtOH vs ace msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc, hp msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc, hp
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
O
O N
NH O N
H N O
NH2
O
HO
S
Pendimethalin
O
OH
OH
O Penicillin G procaine
OH
Br
Penicillin V
Br
Br Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
1,2,3,4,5-Pentabromo-6-chlorocyclohexane
Pentabromomethylbenzene
Pentabromophenol
O
NH2
O Br Br
Br
Br
O
OH
O
Br
N
O
N
Penicillin G
Cl
N
S
O
Br S
O
H
O
N
NH2
H
O
S
O
Penicillamine cysteine disulfide
H N
H N
H
O OH
S
O
O
3-413
Cl
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
Br Br
Br
1,1,1,3,3-Pentabromo-2-propanone
SH
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Pentac
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Pentacene
Cl
Cl
Cl
2,3,4,5,6-Pentachloroanisole
Pentachlorobenzene
Pentachlorobenzenethiol
O
Cl Cl
O Cl
O
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Pentachloroethane
Cl
Cl Cl F
N
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
N
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Pentachloropyridine
F F
F
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
1,1,2,2,3-Pentachloropropane
1,1,2,3,3-Pentachloro-1-propene
Cl Pentacontane
Cl
Cl Cl
F F F F F F
F F F F F F
2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorotoluene
Cl
Cl
F H3C(CH2)48CH3
Cl
2,2’,4,5,5’-Pentachlorobiphenyl
OH Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
2,3,4,5,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl
Cl
Cl
Pentachlorofluoroethane
O
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl 1,2,3,4,7-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Cl
Cl 2,3,4,5,6-Pentachloroaniline
F F F F
F Pentacosane
F
F F
F F
1H-Pentadecafluoroheptane
O OH
F F F F F F
F
Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid
O
F F F F F F OH
OH
O
OH
F F F F F F 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Pentadecafluoro-1-octanol
Pentadecanal
Pentadecane
Pentadecanoic acid
1-Pentadecanol
O NH2
O 2-Pentadecanone
8-Pentadecanone
1-Pentadecene
Pentadecylamine
OH OH
Pentadecylbenzene
3-Pentadecyl-1,2-benzenediol
Pentadecylcyclohexane
OH C 3-Pentadecylphenol
1-Pentadecyne
CH2
1,2-Pentadiene
cis-1,3-Pentadiene
trans-1,3-Pentadiene
3-414
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
8567 1,4-Pentadiene
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
C5H8
591-93-5
68.118
nD
Solubility
vol liq or gas -148.2
26
0.660820
1.388820
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, hp, ctc
mp/˚C
8568 2,3-Pentadiene
1,3-Dimethylallene
C5H8
591-96-8
68.118
liq
-125.6
48.2
0.695020
1.428420
8569 1,4-Pentadien-3-ol 8570 1,3-Pentadiyne
Methyldiacetylene
C5H8O C5H4
922-65-6 4911-55-1
84.117 64.086
liq
-38.5
115.5 55
0.86023 0.790920
1.440017 1.443121
C5H12O4 C13H20O8
115-77-5 597-71-7
136.147 304.293
C13H20O8S4
10193-99-4
432.553
cry (dil HCl) 258 tetr nd (w, 83.5 bz) liq
C21H28O8
3253-41-6
408.442
53.5
C5H8N4O12
78-11-5
316.138
C16H26 C10H25O5Ta C6H2F5N C7HF5O C6HF5 C6HF5S C7HF5O2 C7F5N C2HF5 C6F5I C7H3F5O C6HF5O C3H3F5 C3H3F5O C7H3F5 C5F8
605-01-6 6074-84-6 771-60-8 653-37-2 363-72-4 771-62-0 602-94-8 773-82-0 354-33-6 827-15-6 389-40-2 771-61-9 1814-88-6 422-05-9 771-56-2 384-04-3
218.377 406.251 183.079 196.074 168.064 200.129 212.074 193.074 120.021 293.960 198.090 184.063 134.048 150.047 182.091 212.041
C37H49N7O9S
5534-95-2
767.892
C15H12O7
480-18-2
304.252
C11H28Br2N2 C11H16
541-20-8 700-12-9
348.161 148.245
pr (al)
301 54.5
232
0.91720
1.52720
C5H20O5Si5
6166-86-5
300.638
liq
-108
169
0.998520
1.391220
C12H26 C12H24 C10H22 C10H22 C11H16O
13475-82-6 123-48-8 16747-44-7 16747-45-8 2819-86-5
170.334 168.319 142.282 142.282 164.244
liq liq liq liq nd (al, peth, ace)
-67
0.746320
1.444020
-36.4 -38.7 128
177.8 180.5 166.1 159.3 267
0.776725 0.763625
1.436120 1.430720
C10H21N C5H15NSi C5H10O
79-55-0 2083-91-2 110-62-3
155.281 117.266 86.132
-91.5
147 86 103
0.85800 0.740020 0.809520
8605 Pentanamide
C5H11NO
626-97-1
101.147
225
0.8735110 1.4183110
8606 3-Pentanamine 8607 Pentane
C5H13N C5H12
616-24-0 109-66-0
87.164 72.149
89 36.06
0.748720 0.626220
1.406320 1.357520
8571 Pentaerythritol 8572 Pentaerythritol tetraacetate 8573 Pentaerythritol tetrakis(2mercaptoacetate) 8574 Pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate
2,2-Bis[(acetyloxy)methyl]-1,3propanediol diacetate
Tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate
8575 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
8576 8577 8578 8579 8580 8581 8582 8583 8584 8585 8586 8587 8588 8589 8590 8591
Pentaethylbenzene Pentaethyl tantalate 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluoroaniline Pentafluorobenzaldehyde Pentafluorobenzene Pentafluorobenzenethiol Pentafluorobenzoic acid Pentafluorobenzonitrile Pentafluoroethane Pentafluoroiodobenzene Pentafluoromethoxybenzene Pentafluorophenol 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane 2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-1-propanol 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene 1,1,2,4,4-Pentafluoro-3(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-butadiene 8592 Pentagastrin 8593 trans-3,3’,4’,5,7Pentahydroxyflavanone, (±) 8594 Pentamethonium bromide 8595 Pentamethylbenzene
Ethanol, tantalum(5+) salt
Methyl pentafluorophenyl ether Refrigerant 245cb
Taxifolin
8596 2,4,6,8,10Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane 8597 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane 8598 2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethyl-3-heptene 8599 2,2,3,3,4-Pentamethylpentane 8600 2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethylpentane 8601 Pentamethylphenol 8602 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine 8603 Pentamethylsilanamine 8604 Pentanal
Pempidine Valeraldehyde
8608 Pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde
C5H8O2
111-30-8
100.117
8609 1,5-Pentanediamine
Cadaverine
C5H14N2
462-94-2
102.178
8610 Pentanedinitrile 8611 1,2-Pentanediol, (±) 8612 1,4-Pentanediol
Glutaronitrile
C5H6N2 C5H12O2 C5H12O2
544-13-8 91049-43-3 626-95-9
94.115 104.148 104.148
8613 1,5-Pentanediol
Pentamethylene glycol
8614 2,3-Pentanediol 8615 2,4-Pentanediol
2,4-Amylene glycol
C5H12O2
111-29-5
104.148
C5H12O2
42027-23-6
C5H12O2
625-69-4
tetr (ace) pr (ace-al)
col gas liq liq
34 20 -47.4 -24 101 1.2 -103 -29 -37 37.5
col gas liq
col nd
-29.78
1.548 1.27318
2501
1.38525
1.547020
1.77320
140.5
<-20
liq liq
sub
277 1511 153.5 167 85.74 143 220 162 -48.1 166 138.5 145.6 -17.4 2650 117.5 39
sl H2O, EtOH, eth; vs ace; s bz, py
0.897119
1.512720
1.51425 1.50125
1.450620 1.390520 1.464520
1.56320
1.440225
2.21220 1.49320
1.495025 1.408720 1.426320
1.44020 1.5270
1.401625 1.30000
230 dec
mcl pl (peth, 106 al) liq
-129.67
liq
1.455021 1.437924 1.394420
11.83
179
0.87325
1.46320
-29
286 209 202; 12510
0.991115 0.972320 0.988320
1.429520 1.439719 1.445223
20
20
-18
sl H2O i H2O; vs EtOH, bz; s chl
i H2O; s EtOH
dec 188
liq
vs ace, bz, eth i H2O, bz, EtOH, eth s chl
227 dec
liq
i H2O; s eth, bz, chl s H2O; i eth, bz s H2O; vs EtOH, eth
239
0.9914
1.4494
104.148
187.5; 10017
0.979819
1.441225
104.148
199; 9713
0.963520
1.434920
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth vs H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl s EtOH; sl chl sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl; s ctc msc H2O, EtOH; s bz s H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs EtOH, chl vs H2O, EtOH, chl s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz s H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs H2O, EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-415 O
O O
O HO
C 1,4-Pentadiene
O
1,4-Pentadien-3-ol
O
N O
O
O
O
O O O
HO
O N
Pentaethylbenzene
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Pentafluorobenzenethiol
Pentafluorobenzoic acid
Pentafluorobenzonitrile
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F F
F
F
F
2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluoroaniline
Pentafluorobenzaldehyde
Pentafluorobenzene
O
F
F F F
F
F
F
Pentafluoroethane
F
F
F
F
F F
F F
1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane
H N
F
F
Pentafluoroiodobenzene
Pentafluoromethoxybenzene
Pentafluorophenol
F
F
F F
F
F
2,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoro-1-propanol
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
OH
OH F
F
F F
2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene
F
F
F
1,1,2,4,4-Pentafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-butadiene
O OH O H N
O
H N
N H
O
F
Pentaethyl tantalate
F F F
N H
O
Pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-mercaptoacetate)
I F
O
HS
N
O
F
O
Pentaerythritol tetraacetate
O
F
O
HS
O
O O O Ta O O
F
F
O
O
NH2
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate
SH
O O
O
O
OH
Pentaerythritol
O O N O
O
Pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate
SH
O
O N O O
O
1,3-Pentadiyne
O O
HO
OH
2,3-Pentadiene
OH
O
SH O
N H
O
OH O OH NH2
O
HO
OH
O
S
OH
Pentagastrin
Br
Br
N
N
trans-3,3’,4’,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavanone, (±)
Pentamethonium bromide
Pentamethylbenzene
OH O Si
Si O
O Si
Si O
O Si
2,4,6,8,10-Pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane
2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethylheptane
Si
N 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidine
2,2,4,6,6-Pentamethyl-3-heptene
2,2,3,3,4-Pentamethylpentane
2,2,3,4,4-Pentamethylpentane
Pentamethylphenol
O
N O
Pentamethylsilanamine
Pentanal
NH2
NH2 Pentanamide
3-Pentanamine
O
O
Pentane
Pentanedial
OH OH H 2N
NH2 1,5-Pentanediamine
N
N Pentanedinitrile
OH 1,2-Pentanediol, (±)
OH OH
OH OH 1,4-Pentanediol
HO
OH 1,5-Pentanediol
OH 2,3-Pentanediol
2,4-Pentanediol
3-416
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
8616 1,5-Pentanediol diacetate 8617 2,3-Pentanedione
Pentamethylene acetate Acetylpropionyl
C9H16O4 C5H8O2
6963-44-6 600-14-6
188.221 100.117
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
2
241; 1233 108
1.029620 0.956519
1.426119 1.401419
25
20
dk ye liq
8618 2,4-Pentanedione
Acetylacetone
C5H8O2
123-54-6
100.117
liq
-23
138
0.9721
8619 Pentanedioyl dichloride 8620 Pentanenitrile
Valeronitrile
C5H6Cl2O2 C5H9N
2873-74-7 110-59-8
169.006 83.132
liq
-96.2
217 141.3
1.32420 0.800820
1.472820 1.397120
8621 1-Pentanethiol
Pentyl mercaptan
C5H12S
110-66-7
104.214
liq
-75.65
126.6
0.85020
1.446920
8622 2-Pentanethiol 8623 3-Pentanethiol
sec-Pentyl mercaptan 3-Pentyl mercaptan
C5H12S C5H12S
2084-19-7 616-31-9
104.214 104.214
liq liq
-169 -110.8
112.9 105
0.832720 0.841020
1.441220 1.444720
8624 Pentanoic acid
Valeric acid
C5H10O2
109-52-4
102.132
liq
-33.6
186.1
0.933925
1.408520
8625 Pentanoic anhydride 8626 1-Pentanol
Amyl alcohol
C10H18O3 C5H12O
2082-59-9 71-41-0
186.248 88.148
liq liq
-56.1 -77.6
227 137.98
0.92420 0.814420
1.417126 1.410120
8627 2-Pentanol
sec-Amyl alcohol
C5H12O
6032-29-7
88.148
liq
-73
119.3
0.809420
1.405320
8628 3-Pentanol
Diethyl carbinol
C5H12O
584-02-1
88.148
liq
-69
116.25
0.820320
1.410420
8629 2-Pentanone
Methyl propyl ketone
C5H10O
107-87-9
86.132
liq
-76.8
102.26
0.80920
1.389520
8630 3-Pentanone
Diethyl ketone
C5H10O
96-22-0
86.132
liq
-39
101.7
0.809825
1.390525
8631 2-Pentanone oxime
Methyl propyl ketone oxime
C5H11NO
623-40-5
101.147
168
0.909520
1.445020
8632 Pentanoyl chloride 8633 Pentaphene
Valeroyl chloride 2,3:6,7-Dibenzphenanthrene
C5H9ClO C22H14
638-29-9 222-93-5
120.577 278.346
liq -110 ye grn lf(xyl) 257
109
1.015515
1.420020
8634 1,2,3,5,6-Pentathiepane 8635 Pentatriacontane
Lenthionine
C2H4S5 C35H72
292-46-6 630-07-9
188.378 492.947
cry (al)
60.5 74.6
8636 18-Pentatriacontanone
C35H70O
504-53-0
506.930
lf (lig)
89.0
8637 Pentazocine
C19H27NO
359-83-1
285.423
cry (MeOH aq)
147
1.4494
Solubility
i H2O; sl EtOH, xyl, eth; s bz 0.815720
490 270
0.1
0.793
1.456820
i H2O; sl eth; s ace i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig, chl
i H2O; s eth, ace i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz; sl ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz, dil sulf i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz; vs dil sulf
95
8638 4-Pentenal 8639 1-Pentene
α-Amylene
C5H8O C5H10
2100-17-6 109-67-1
84.117 70.133
vol liq or gas -165.12
99 29.96
0.85220 0.640520
1.419120 1.371520
8640 cis-2-Pentene
cis-β-Amylene
C5H10
627-20-3
70.133
liq
-151.36
36.93
0.655620
1.383020
8641 trans-2-Pentene
trans-β-Amylene
C5H10
646-04-8
70.133
liq
-140.21
36.34
0.643125
1.379320
C5H7N C5H7N
16529-66-1 592-51-8
81.117 81.117
liq
144 140
0.837 0.823924
1.422020 1.421314
C5H8O2 C5H8O2
1617-32-9 591-80-0
100.117 100.117
193.2 188.5
0.98919 0.980920
1.428120
8646 1-Penten-3-ol
C5H10O
616-25-1
86.132
115
0.83920
1.423920
8647 cis-2-Penten-1-ol 8648 trans-2-Penten-1-ol 8649 3-Penten-2-ol, (±)
C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O
1576-95-0 1576-96-1 42569-16-4
86.132 86.132 86.132
138 138 121.6; 6570
0.852920 0.847120 0.832825
1.435420 1.434120 1.428020
8650 4-Penten-1-ol 8651 4-Penten-2-ol
C5H10O C5H10O
821-09-0 625-31-0
86.132 86.132
141 116
0.845720 0.836720
1.430920 1.422520
C5H8O
1629-58-9
84.117
103; 4490
0.846820
1.419520
C5H8O
3102-33-8
84.117
122
0.862420
1.435020
C10H13N C5H6 C5H6
2057-43-4 646-05-9 871-28-3
147.217 66.102 66.102
216; 9312 59.5 42.5
0.923425 0.740120 0.73816
1.507625 1.449620 1.412516
8642 trans-3-Pentenenitrile 8643 4-Pentenenitrile 8644 trans-3-Pentenoic acid 8645 4-Pentenoic acid
8652 1-Penten-3-one
Allylacetic acid
Ethyl vinyl ketone
8653 trans-3-Penten-2-one 8654 2-(3-Pentenyl)pyridine 8655 1-Penten-3-yne 8656 1-Penten-4-yne
Methylvinylacetylene
liq
-22.5
s H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace vs H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, chl s eth; sl chl s eth, ace, bz; sl ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth s EtOH, lig s EtOH; sl DMSO s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl ctc vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, ctc sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth s H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth vs H2O, eth, EtOH
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth s EtOH, eth, ace s EtOH, eth, ace vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O, ctc; s eth vs H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl s H2O, eth, ace, ctc vs bz, eth i H2O; s eth, bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-417
O O
O O
O
O
O
O Cl
O
1,5-Pentanediol diacetate
2,3-Pentanedione
2,4-Pentanedione
Cl Pentanenitrile
O
SH
SH 2-Pentanethiol
O OH
3-Pentanethiol
O O
Pentanoic acid
OH
Pentanoic anhydride
HO
O
OH
OH
1-Pentanol
N
Pentanedioyl dichloride
SH 1-Pentanethiol
O
2-Pentanol
N
O
3-Pentanol
2-Pentanone
S S
O Cl
3-Pentanone
2-Pentanone oxime
S S S
Pentanoyl chloride
Pentaphene
1,2,3,5,6-Pentathiepane
Pentatriacontane
H N HO
O
O
18-Pentatriacontanone
Pentazocine
4-Pentenal
1-Pentene
O
O N trans-2-Pentene
N
trans-3-Pentenenitrile
OH
OH
4-Pentenenitrile
trans-3-Pentenoic acid
4-Pentenoic acid
OH 1-Penten-3-ol
OH OH
OH
OH
OH
cis-2-Penten-1-ol
cis-2-Pentene
trans-2-Penten-1-ol
3-Penten-2-ol, (Âą)
4-Penten-1-ol
4-Penten-2-ol
O N
O 1-Penten-3-one
trans-3-Penten-2-one
2-(3-Pentenyl)pyridine
1-Penten-3-yne
1-Penten-4-yne
3-418
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C5H6 C5H6 C14H23N3O10
1574-40-9 2004-69-5 67-43-6
66.102 66.102 393.347
C11H16N4O4
53910-25-1
268.270
C8H6N6O11
4481-55-4
362.167
8662 Pentyl acetate
2-(N,2,4,6-Tetranitroanilino) ethanol Amyl acetate
wh cry 222 (MeOH aq) wh-ye cry 129
C7H14O2
628-63-7
130.185
liq
-70.8
149.2
0.875620
1.402320
8663 sec-Pentyl acetate (R) 8664 Pentylamine
sec-Amyl acetate (R) Amylamine
C7H14O2 C5H13N
54638-10-7 110-58-7
130.185 87.164
liq
-55
142 104.3
0.880318 0.754420
1.401220 1.44820
8665 4-tert-Pentylaniline 8666 Pentylbenzene
Amylbenzene
C11H17N C11H16
2049-92-5 538-68-1
163.260 148.245
liq
-75
260.5 205.4
0.858520
1.487820
Amyl butyrate
C12H16O2 C12H15ClO C9H18O2
2049-96-9 49763-65-7 540-18-1
192.254 210.699 158.238
liq
-73.2
13715 14410, 1218 186.4
1.03625 0.871315
1.530020 1.412320
C6H13NO2 C6H11ClO2 C11H22
590-60-3 638-41-5 4292-92-6
131.173 150.603 154.293
nd (dil al)
86
liq
-57.5
6115 203.7
0.803720
1.418118 1.443720
C10H20
3741-00-2
140.266
liq
-83
180
0.791220
1.435620
No. Name 8657 cis-3-Penten-1-yne 8658 trans-3-Penten-1-yne 8659 Pentetic acid
Synonym
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
8660 Pentostatin 8661 Pentryl
8667 Pentyl benzoate 8668 4-Pentylbenzoyl chloride 8669 Pentyl butanoate 8670 tert-Pentyl carbamate 8671 Pentyl chloroformate 8672 Pentylcyclohexane
tert-Amyl carbamate
8673 Pentylcyclopentane
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
cry (w)
219
s H2O, alk
1.82
8674 Pentyl formate
Amyl formate
C6H12O2
638-49-3
116.158
liq
-73.5
130.4
0.885320
1.399220
8675 Pentyl heptanoate
Amyl enanthate
C12H24O2
7493-82-5
200.318
liq
-50
245.4
0.862320
1.426315
8676 Pentyl hexanoate
Amyl caproate
C11H22O2
540-07-8
186.292
liq
-47
226
0.861225
1.420225
8677 1-Pentylnaphthalene 8678 Pentyl nitrite
C15H18 C5H11NO2
86-89-5 463-04-7
198.304 117.147
liq
-22
Amyl nitrite
307 104.5
0.965620 0.881720
1.572520 1.385120
8679 Pentyl nonanoate 8680 Pentyl octanoate
Pentyl pelargonate Amyl octanoate
C14H28O2 C13H26O2
61531-45-1 638-25-5
228.371 214.344
liq
-27 -34.8
13120 260.2
0.850625 0.861320
1.431820 1.426225
8681 4-(Pentyloxy)benzoyl chloride 8682 Pentyl pentanoate
C12H15ClO2 C10H20O2
36823-84-4 2173-56-0
226.699 172.265
liq
-78.8
19830, 18225 203.7
1.08725 0.863820
1.543420 1.416420
8683 4-Pentylphenol 8684 Pentyl propanoate
C11H16O C8H16O2
14938-35-3 624-54-4
164.244 144.212
liq
23 -73.1
250.5 168.6
0.96020 0.876125
1.527225 1.409615
8685 Pentyl salicylate
C12H16O3
2050-08-0
208.253
270
1.06415
1.50620
C23H46O2 C5H8
6382-13-4 627-19-0
354.610 68.118
pl liq
30 -90
40.1
0.690120
1.434250 1.385220
C5H8
627-21-4
68.118
liq
-109.3
56.1
0.705825
1.403920
C5H6O2 C5H8O C5H8O C5H8O C20H25N3S
6089-09-4 6261-22-9 10229-10-4 5390-04-5 84-97-9
98.101 84.117 84.117 84.117 339.498
liq
57.7 -49.7
0.90920 0.900220 0.91320
1.451817 1.445420 1.441420
cry
52
11030, 10217 154; 6115 154 154 1650.001
C14H12F3NO4S2 C3F6O C4F10 C4F8 C8F16O C4F8
37924-13-3 684-16-2 355-25-9 360-89-4 335-36-4 115-25-3
379.375 166.021 238.027 200.030 416.059 200.030
col gas col gas col gas
143 -125.45 -129.1 -129
col gas
-40.19
8700 Perfluorocyclohexane
C6F12
355-68-0
300.045
8701 Perfluorocyclohexene
C6F10
355-75-9
262.048
8686 Pentyl stearate 8687 1-Pentyne
Propylacetylene
8688 2-Pentyne
8689 8690 8691 8692 8693
4-Pentynoic acid 2-Pentyn-1-ol 3-Pentyn-1-ol 4-Pentyn-1-ol Perazine
8694 8695 8696 8697 8698 8699
Perfluidone Perfluoroacetone Perfluorobutane Perfluoro-2-butene Perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran Perfluorocyclobutane
Propargylacetic acid
10-[3-(4-Methyl-1-piperazinyl) propyl]-10H-phenothiazine Hexafluoroacetone Decafluorobutane
Octafluorocyclobutane
Solubility
44.6 52.2
62.5 (triple point)
-27.4 -1.9 1.5 102.6 -5.91
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth vs ace, bz s eth vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH s EtOH, eth, ace; sl ctc sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs eth, EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz; sl ctc sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs eth, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth; s bz, chl; sl ctc i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth; s bz, chl vs eth, EtOH
1.648425 1.529725
s bz, chl
1.50025 (p>1 atm)
i H2O; s eth
52.8 sp 52.0
i H2O, ctc; s chl; vs eth, bz sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc vs eth, EtOH msc H2O, EtOH, eth; vs ace, bz; sl chl
1.665025
1.29320
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-419 OH N HN
COOH HOOC
N
N O
HO
N
N NO2 O
O
O
COOH COOH trans-3-Penten-1-yne
O
N
N
HOOC
cis-3-Penten-1-yne
O O2N
N
O N
O
OH
Pentetic acid
N
Pentostatin
O
O
Pentryl
Pentyl acetate
O
NH2
Cl
O O
O NH2
O sec-Pentyl acetate (R)
Pentylamine
4-tert-Pentylaniline
O
O H2N
O Pentyl butanoate
Pentylbenzene
Pentyl benzoate
4-Pentylbenzoyl chloride
O O
Cl
tert-Pentyl carbamate
O
O
O Pentyl chloroformate
Pentylcyclohexane
Pentylcyclopentane
Pentyl formate
O
O
O
O
O Pentyl heptanoate
Pentyl hexanoate
1-Pentylnaphthalene
Cl
O
O
O
OH
O
O
O
O
Pentyl nonanoate
Pentyl octanoate
O
O
4-(Pentyloxy)benzoyl chloride
O
Pentyl pentanoate
4-Pentylphenol
O O
O
N
Pentyl nitrite
O
O
OH
OH
O Pentyl propanoate
Pentyl salicylate
Pentyl stearate
1-Pentyne
2-Pentyne
4-Pentynoic acid
O O F S N F H F
F F
N O O S
N N OH
F F
F
OH
OH
2-Pentyn-1-ol
3-Pentyn-1-ol
F
F F
F F
F
Perfluorobutane
F F
F F
F
S
4-Pentyn-1-ol
F
F F
F
Perfluoro-2-butene
Perazine
F F F FF
F F
F F F
F F
F
O
Perfluidone
F
F
F
F F
F
Perfluoro-2-butyltetrahydrofuran
O
F
F F F
F
F
Perfluorocyclobutane
F F
F
F F F
F F
F
Perfluoroacetone
F F F
F
F F
F
Perfluorocyclohexane
F F
F F
F F
F F
F
Perfluorocyclohexene
3-420
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
Perfluorodecalin Perfluorodecane Perfluorodimethoxymethane Perfluoro-2,3-dimethylbutane Perfluoroethyl ethyl ether Perfluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether 8708 Perfluoroheptane
C10F18 C10F22 C3F8O2 C6F14 C4H5F5O C4H2F8O
306-94-5 307-45-9 53772-78-4 354-96-1 22052-81-9 156053-88-2
462.078 538.072 220.018 338.042 164.074 218.045
liq
-10
1.930525
col gas -161 liq -15 vol liq or gas vol liq or gas
142.02 144.2 -10 59.8 28.11 27.89
C7F16
335-57-9
388.049
liq
-51.2
82.5
1.733320
1.261820
i H2O; vs ace, eth, EtOH, chl
8709 Perfluoro-1-heptene 8710 Perfluorohexane
C7F14 C6F14
355-63-5 355-42-0
350.053 338.042
liq
-88.2
81.0 57.14
1.691020
1.251520
8711 8712 8713 8714 8715
C6F12 C4F10 C4F8 C4H3F7O C7F14
755-25-9 354-92-7 382-21-8 22052-84-2 355-02-2
300.045 238.027 200.030 200.055 350.053
col gas col gas -130 vol liq or gas liq -44.7
57.0 0 7 29.34 76.3
i H2O; s eth, bz, chl vs chl
1.59220 1.420520 1.787825
1.28517
s ace, bz, ctc, tol, AcOEt i H2O; s bz s bz
No. Name
Synonym
8702 8703 8704 8705 8706 8707
Perfluoro-1-hexene Perfluoroisobutane Perfluoroisobutene Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether Perfluoromethylcyclohexane
Perfluoroisobutylene
C6F14 C6F14 C10F8 C9F20 C8F18 C8F18O2S C3F6O C5F12 C3F8 C3F6 C4H3F7O C5F5N C7F8 C9F21N C11H8N2
355-04-4 865-71-4 313-72-4 375-96-2 307-34-6 307-35-7 425-82-1 678-26-2 76-19-7 116-15-4 375-03-1 700-16-3 434-64-0 338-83-0 204-02-4
338.042 338.042 272.094 488.064 438.057 502.121 166.021 288.035 188.019 150.022 200.055 169.053 236.062 521.069 168.195
liq col gas vol liq or gas col gas col gas
C21H20Cl2O3 C2H4O3
52645-53-1 79-21-0
391.288 76.051
cry or ye liq 34 liq -0.2
4212-43-5 58-39-9 72-56-0
90.078 403.968 307.258
198-55-0
252.309
gold-br, ye pl 277.76 (bz, HOAc)
C15H14O4
133-26-6
258.270
pr or pl (bz- 85 peth)
C35H48N8O11S
17466-45-4
788.868
nd (w)
281 (hyd)
C35H48N8O10S 2-Methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-1,3- C10H16 cyclohexadiene p-Mentha-1(7),2-diene C10H16
28227-92-1 99-83-2
772.869 136.234
cry (w)
250 dec 238
555-10-2
136.234
C14H11N C14H10
947-73-9 85-01-8
193.244 178.229
lt ye cry (al) 138.3 mcl pl (al), lf 99.24 (sub)
C14H8O2
84-11-7
208.213
8745 Phenanthridine
C13H9N
229-87-8
179.217
oran nd (to) 209 oran-red pl (sub) nd (dil al) 107.4
8746 1,7-Phenanthroline
C12H8N2
230-46-6
180.205
C12H8N2
66-71-7
180.205
C12H8N2
230-07-9
180.205
8716 8717 8718 8719 8720 8721 8722 8723 8724 8725 8726 8727 8728 8729 8730
Perfluoro-2-methylpentane Perfluoro-3-methylpentane Perfluoronaphthalene Perfluorononane Perfluorooctane Perfluorooctylsulfonyl fluoride Perfluorooxetane Perfluoropentane Perfluoropropane Perfluoropropene Perfluoropropyl methyl ether Perfluoropyridine Perfluorotoluene Perfluorotripropylamine 1H-Perimidine
8731 Permethrin 8732 Peroxyacetic acid 8733 Peroxypropanoic acid 8734 Perphenazine 8735 Perthane 8736 Perylene
8737 Peucedanin
Pentafluoropyridine
Ethaneperoxoic acid
C3H6O3 C21H26ClN3OS Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p- C18H20Cl2 ethylphenyl)Dibenz[de,kl]anthracene C20H12 Propaneperoxoic acid
3-Methoxy-2-isopropyl-7Hfuro[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7one
8738 Phalloidin 8739 Phalloin 8740 α-Phellandrene 8741 β-Phellandrene 8742 9-Phenanthrenamine 8743 Phenanthrene
8744 9,10-Phenanthrenedione
8747 1,10-Phenanthroline 8748 4,7-Phenanthroline
Phenanthrenequinone
o-Phenanthroline
liq
-115 87.5
-117 -10 -147.70 -156.5
liq
-65.49
grn cry (dil al)
223.0
57.6 58.4 209 117.61 105.9 154 -28.4 29.2 -36.6 -29.6 34.23 83.7 103.55 130
2000.01 110
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility i H2O
1.7326
20
1.2564
22
1.800120 1.7320 1.28220
i H2O
1.583-40
i H2O i H2O i H2O
1.409220 1.661625 1.8224
1.2320 1.22615
1.367020 1.27925
1.397420
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl DMSO i H2O; s os vs H2O, eth, sulf; s EtOH
1.414815
exp 119.7 97 56
pl (anh), nd 78 (w+2) wh nd (bz) 117 cry (w+1) nd (w) 177
1.3525
i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; vs ace, chl; s bz sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth; vs chl, CS2 s EtOH, MeOH, py
27817
174.9
0.841020
1.47125
i H2O; s eth
171.5
0.852020
1.478820
sub 340
0.98004
1.5943
i H2O, EtOH; s eth sl eth, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, CS2 i H2O; sl EtOH, bz; s eth
1.40522
348.9
360 >300 sub 100
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, CS2; s ace s H2O; vs EtOH; i eth, bz, lig vs H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz; i peth s H2O, lig; vs EtOH; sl eth, bz, CS2
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
F F F F F F
F F F
F F F
F F
F F F F F F
F
F F F F F F F F
F F
Perfluorodecane
F F F
F F F F
F
Perfluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether
F
F
F F O
F F
O
F
Perfluorodimethoxymethane
F F
F F
F
F F F F
F
F F F F F
F
F F F F
F
F F F F F F
F
Perfluoroheptane
F
Perfluoro-2,3-dimethylbutane
F
F F F F
F F F F F F F F
F F
O F
F
F F
F
F F
F
F F
F F F F F F F F
Perfluorodecalin
F F
3-421
F
O F
Perfluoroethyl ethyl ether
F
F F
F F
F F F F F
F F F F
F
Perfluoro-1-heptene
F
F F
Perfluorohexane
F
Perfluoro-1-hexene
F F F F F
F
F
F
F
F
F F
F F
Perfluoroisobutane
F
F
F
F F
F
F
F F F
F
Perfluoroisobutene
F
F F O
F F F F F
F
F F F
F
Perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether
F F
F F F F F F F
Perfluoromethylcyclohexane
F F
F
F
F F F F F F F
F F
F
F
F F
FF F F
Perfluoro-2-methylpentane
Perfluoro-3-methylpentane
F
F
F
F
F
F F F F F F F F F F
F F
F
F F F F F F
F
Perfluoronaphthalene
F
F
F F
F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F F
Perfluorononane
F F
F F
F
F
F F F F F F
F F F F F F F F
Perfluorooctane
O S F O
F
F
F
F
O F
Perfluorooctylsulfonyl fluoride
Perfluorooxetane
F F
F
F F
F
F F
F
F F
F F F F F F
F
Perfluoropentane
F F
F
F
F F
F F
Perfluoropropane
F F
F
F F F F
F
Perfluoropropene
F
O F F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
Perfluoropropyl methyl ether
N
F
F
F
F
F
Perfluoropyridine
F F F F
Perfluorotoluene
F
N F F
F
F F F F F
F
F F
F
Perfluorotripropylamine
S N
NH
N
Cl O
Cl
O
O
O
O 1H-Perimidine
Permethrin
Cl
O
N
OH
O
Peroxyacetic acid
OH
N
Peroxypropanoic acid
OH
Perphenazine
HO OH O
O
O HN HN Cl
Cl
O
S
O
O Perylene
O
O
HO
Peucedanin
NH
O OH
O
N H
O
HO
NH2
O
N H
NH OH
N
Phalloidin
O NH
S
HN
O
N H
H N
O HN
NH
N Perthane
OH O
H N
O
N H
O
Phalloin
O
O
N α-Phellandrene
β-Phellandrene
9-Phenanthrenamine
Phenanthrene
9,10-Phenanthrenedione
N N N 1,7-Phenanthroline
N
N
1,10-Phenanthroline
N 4,7-Phenanthroline
Phenanthridine
3-422
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
8749 1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate o-Phenanthroline monohydrate
C12H10N2O
5144-89-8
198.219
wh cry pow
93
8750 Phenazine
Dibenzopyrazine
C12H8N2
92-82-0
180.205
176.5
8751 2,3-Phenazinediamine 8752 1-Phenazinol
2,3-Diaminophenazine Hemipyocyanine
C12H10N4 C12H8N2O
655-86-7 528-71-2
210.234 196.204
8753 Phenazopyridine
2,6-Diamino-3phenylazopyridine 3-(Phenylazo)-2,6pyridinediamine, monohydrochloride
C11H11N5
94-78-0
213.239
ye-red nd (HOAc) ye nd ye nd (bz, dil MeOH) red cry
C11H12ClN5
136-40-3
249.700
ye-red cry
C19H24N2OS
3735-90-8
328.471
C12H17NO
634-03-7
191.269
8757 Phenethicillin potassium 8758 Phenicin
C17H19KN2O5S C14H10O6
132-93-4 128-68-7
402.506 274.225
cry (ace) ye-br (al)
235 230.5
8759 Phenindamine 8760 Phenmedipham 8761 Phenobarbital
C19H19N C16H16N2O4 C12H12N2O3
82-88-2 13684-63-4 50-06-6
261.361 300.309 232.234
cry
91 143 174
C6H6O
108-95-2
94.111
No. Name
8754 Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
Synonym
8755 Phencarbamide 8756 Phendimetrazine
8762 Phenol
3,4-Dimethyl-2phenylmorpholine
5-Ethyl-5-phenyl2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)pyrimidinetrione Hydroxybenzene
264 158
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
48.5
sub sub
sl H2O, EtOH; i bz, ace; s HOAc vs eth, chl, MeOH, peth
1210.01 13412, 780.35
pl (w)
40.89
3,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1(3 H) C20H14O4 -isobenzofuranone
77-09-8
318.323
wh orth nd
262.5
8764 Phenolphthalin
81-90-3
320.339
nd (w)
230.5
8765 Phenolphthalol 8766 Phenol Red
2-[Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] C20H16O4 benzoic acid C20H18O3 Phenolsulfonphthalein C19H14O5S
81-92-5 143-74-8
306.355 354.376
cry (dil al) 201.5 dk red nd or >300 pl
8767 10H-Phenothiazine
Thiodiphenylamine
C12H9NS
92-84-2
199.271
8768 Phenothrin 8769 10H-Phenoxazine 8770 Phenoxyacetic acid
C23H26O3 C12H9NO C8H8O3
26002-80-2 135-67-1 122-59-8
350.450 183.205 152.148
ye pr (al) ye 187.5 lf or pl (tol) col liq lf (dil al, bz) 156 nd or pl (w) 98.5
8771 Phenoxyacetyl chloride 8772 Phenoxyacetylene 8773 2-Phenoxyaniline
C8H7ClO2 C8H6O C12H11NO
701-99-5 4279-76-9 2688-84-8
170.594 118.133 185.221
8774 3-Phenoxyaniline
C12H11NO
3586-12-7
8775 4-Phenoxyaniline
C12H11NO
8776 8777 8778 8779
s H2O sl H2O; vs EtOH, chl, HOAc 1.17
181.87
1.054545
371 1.06125
1.548325
1.512520
dec dec 285
1.061420
cry (lig)
225.5 6125 308; 17214
185.221
pr (lig)
37
315; 18010
1.158325
139-59-3
185.221
nd (w), cry (dil al)
85.5
C13H10O2 C18H22ClNO C18H23Cl2NO C13H10O3
39515-51-0 59-96-1 63-92-3 2243-42-7
198.217 303.827 340.288 214.216
16911, 1400.1
1.14725
lf (dil al)
14.0 39 139 113
8780 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
C13H10O3
3739-38-6
214.216
nd (aq al)
145.8
8781 4-Phenoxybenzoic acid
C13H10O3
2215-77-2
214.216
pr (chl)
161
8782 2-Phenoxyethanol
C8H10O2
122-99-6
138.164
oil
14
C11H12O3 C12H16O3
48145-04-6 23511-70-8
192.211 208.253
Fenoprofen
C12H10O2 C12H10O2 C15H14O3
713-68-8 831-82-3 31879-05-7
186.206 186.206 242.270
Phenylglyceryl ether
C9H12O3
538-43-2
168.189
Phenoxyacetone
C9H10O3 C9H12O2 C9H12O2 C9H10O2
940-31-8 4169-04-4 770-35-4 621-87-4
166.173 152.190 152.190 150.174
8785 3-Phenoxyphenol 8786 4-Phenoxyphenol 8787 2-(3-Phenoxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (±) 8788 3-Phenoxy-1,2-propanediol 8789 8790 8791 8792
2-Phenoxypropanoic acid 2-Phenoxy-1-propanol 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol 1-Phenoxy-2-propanone
Phenyl Cellosolve acrylate
1.540841
1.27732
-36 45.8
8783 2-Phenoxyethyl acrylate 8784 2-Phenoxyethyl butanoate
Solubility s EtOH, ace; sl bz sl H2O, eth; s bz, EtOH vs bz, EtOH sl H2O, EtOH; s bz, py, dil alk
139
8763 Phenolphthalein
3-Phenoxybenzaldehyde Phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride 2-Phenoxybenzoic acid
nD
355
1.155350
245
1.10222
1102 251; 882
1.09025 1.038821
i H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth; sl DMSO s H2O, EtOH; vs eth; msc ace, bz i H2O, bz; vs EtOH, ace; s eth, chl vs eth, EtOH
sl H2O, EtOH, ace, bz; i eth, chl vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s ace, xyl vs bz, eth, EtOH s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, CS2 s eth vs eth, EtOH s EtOH; s eth, ace, bz s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl lig s H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl lig
1.595420
1.53420
s bz sl H2O; s EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl, alk vs ace, eth, chl vs ace, eth, EtOH
1757 84.0 1700.11
visc oil nd (eth, peth) nd (w)
1.574225
67.5
20022
1.22520
115.5
266; 1055 244 233; 13420 229.5
1.186520 0.980125 1.062220 1.090320
vs H2O, bz, eth, EtOH 1.518420 1.476025 1.523220 1.522820
s EtOH, eth s eth, ace
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-423
OH N
N
N H2O
N
1,10-Phenanthroline monohydrate
Phenazine
N
NH2
N
NH2
H2N
N
NH2
N
H N
O
O
Phencarbamide
O
N
O
HCl
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
NH2
O
O
N
N
Phenazopyridine
H
O
S
N
1-Phenazinol
O
N
H2N
N
2,3-Phenazinediamine
N N
N
N
Phendimetrazine
O K
O
O
OH HO
Phenethicillin potassium
Phenicin
O O
N H N
H N
O
NH
O O
O
O Phenindamine
Phenmedipham
HO
OH
O OH
N H
O
HO
OH
HO
Phenobarbital
Phenol
Phenolphthalein
O O S O
OH
O
H N OH
OH
OH
HO Phenolphthalin
Phenolphthalol
O
H N
O
O
O
O
S
Phenol Red
10H-Phenothiazine
O O
OH
NH2 O
O
Cl
O Phenothrin
10H-Phenoxazine
Phenoxyacetic acid
Phenoxyacetyl chloride
O O
NH2
O
Phenoxyacetylene
2-Phenoxyaniline
O
Cl
N
HO
4-Phenoxyaniline
HCl 3-Phenoxybenzaldehyde
O
O
OH
3-Phenoxybenzoic acid
O
O
4-Phenoxybenzoic acid
OH
2-Phenoxyethanol
3-Phenoxyphenol
2-Phenoxyethyl acrylate
O
OH
O
2-(3-Phenoxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (Âą)
3-Phenoxy-1,2-propanediol
O OH
2-Phenoxypropanoic acid
O
OH
2-Phenoxy-1-propanol
OH
O
4-Phenoxyphenol
O O
O
OH
O
OH
OH 2-Phenoxyethyl butanoate
O
O
O O
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
O O
HO O
2-Phenoxybenzoic acid
Phenoxybenzamine
O
O
Cl
O
O NH2
3-Phenoxyaniline
N
O
OH
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
O
1-Phenoxy-2-propanone
3-424
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C9H9ClO2 C18H16O3
122-35-0 435-97-2
184.619 280.318
8795 Phenthoate 8796 Phentolamine 8797 Phenyl acetate
C12H17O4PS2 C17H19N3O C8H8O2
2597-03-7 50-60-2 122-79-2
320.364 281.352 136.149
8798 2-Phenylacetophenone
C14H12O
451-40-1
196.244
pl (al)
27255-72-7
332.374
cry (2-PrOH/ 200 peth)
536-74-3
102.134
liq
C10H11NO3 C15H12O4 C9H10N2O2 C19H13N
500-98-1 134-55-4 63-98-9 602-56-2
193.199 256.254 178.187 255.313
lf (EtOH)
C9H12N2O
5241-58-7
164.203
C9H11NO2
63-91-2
165.189
C11H15NO2
3081-24-1
193.243
136
C11H14N2O3 C11H12O2 C13H12N2O3
721-90-4 103-54-8 115-43-5
222.240 176.212 244.245
262 dec
No. Name 8793 2-Phenoxypropanoyl chloride 8794 Phenprocoumon
8799 N-(Phenylacetyl)-7aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid 8800 Phenylacetylene
8801 8802 8803 8804
(N-Phenylacetyl)glycine Phenyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate (Phenylacetyl)urea 9-Phenylacridine
8805 L-Phenylalaninamide 8806 L-Phenylalanine 8807 L-Phenylalanine, ethyl ester
Synonym 3-(α-Ethylbenzyl)-4hydroxycoumarin
7C16H16N2O4S Phenylacetamidodeacetoxycep halosporanic acid Ethynylbenzene C8H6
Phenaceturic acid Phenyl acetylsalicylate Phenacemide
α-Aminobenzenepropanamide, (S)α-Aminobenzenepropanoic acid, (S) Ethyl 2-amino-3phenylpropionate
8808 L-Phenylalanylglycine 8809 3-Phenylallyl acetate 8810 5-Phenyl-5-allyl-2,4,6(1 H,3H,5H) Phenallymal -pyrimidinetrione
Physical Form pr (MeOH aq) ye oil
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
147; 11610
1.186520
1.517820
s eth
179 1230.01
60
-44.8
143 96 cry (al) 215 ye nd, lf (al) 184
196; 758
1.078020
320
1.2010
143
0.930020
pr (w)
14813
sl H2O; i EtOH, eth, bz, acid sl H2O
1.06515
156.5
sl H2O, bz, DMSO; vs EtOH, eth; i lig vs H2O, EtOH
pl (al-eth)
206
N-Phenylanthranilic acid
C13H11NO2
91-40-7
213.232
lf (al)
183.5
8813 Phenyl 4-amino-3hydroxybenzoate 8814 3-(Phenylamino)phenol
Phenyl p-aminosalicylate
C13H11NO3
133-11-9
229.231
C12H11NO
101-18-8
185.221
lf (w)
81.5
340
8815 4-(Phenylamino)phenol
C12H11NO
122-37-2
185.221
lf (w)
73
330
8816 9-Phenylanthracene
C20H14
602-55-1
254.325
bl lf (al) (HOAc)
156
417
C6H5AsI2 C12H13ClN4
6380-34-3 532-82-1
405.835 248.711
15 118.5
20514, 18510
C12H10N2O2
2051-85-6
214.219
N-Phenyl-4-(phenylazo) benzenamine 8821 4-(Phenylazo)-1-naphthalenamine α-Naphthyl Red
C18H15N3
101-75-7
273.332
C16H13N3
131-22-6
247.294
8822 1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthalenamine Yellow AB 8823 1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthol Sudan I 8824 4-(Phenylazo)phenol
C16H13N3 C16H12N2O C12H10N2O
85-84-7 842-07-9 1689-82-3
247.294 248.278 198.219
8825 1-[[4-(Phenylazo)phenyl]azo]-2naphthol
Sudan III
C22H16N4O
85-86-9
352.388
8826 N-Phenylbenzamide
Benzanilide
C13H11NO
93-98-1
197.232
C14H12O
947-91-1
196.244
C14H12O2
117-34-0
212.244
nd (w), lf (al) 147.29
19425
8829 α-Phenylbenzeneacetonitrile
C14H11N
86-29-3
193.244
pr (eth), lf (dil al)
74.3
18416
8830 α-Phenylbenzeneacetyl chloride
C14H11ClO
1871-76-7
230.689
56.5
17016
Diphenylacetic acid
vs bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth; vs bz
s H2O
249.285
8828 α-Phenylbenzeneacetic acid
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace; sl chl
1235
101-57-5
8827 α-Phenylbenzeneacetaldehyde
1.547020
283 dec
C12H11NO3S
8820 4-Phenylazodiphenylamine
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, chl; s ctc sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc, chl
82
N-Phenylsulfanilic acid
Chrysoidine hydrochloride
1.503520
404
8811 4-(Phenylamino)benzenesulfonic acid 8812 2-(Phenylamino)benzoic acid
8817 Phenylarsonous diiodide 8818 4-(Phenylazo)-1,3benzenediamine monohydrochloride 8819 4-(Phenylazo)-1,3-benzenediol
sl H2O; s hx
175
i H2O; vs EtOH; sl eth, bz
153
red-br cry pow
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace; s bz, acid sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl; s acid i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, CS2 1.626415 vs ace
dk red nd (dil 170 al) ye pl or pr 84.0 red-viol cry (EtOH) red pl (al) ye cry ye lf (bz) oran pr (al) br lf (grn lustre) (HOAc) lf (al)
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, lig s EtOH, dil HCl, bz vs EtOH, HOAc
123 103 132 155
22520 dec
195
163
sub 117
1.31525
dec 315; 1577 1.106121 1.25715
1.592021
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, con sulf i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, xyl, chl i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, HOAc i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz sl H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, chl s EtOH, chl; vs eth; sl lig s lig
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-425 OH
OH O O
O
2-Phenoxypropanoyl chloride
H N
H
O
N
S O P S O
O
Cl
Phenprocoumon
O O
Phenthoate
O O
Phentolamine
O
Phenyl acetate
2-Phenylacetophenone
O S
O HO
O
O
H N
N
O
H N
O
OH
O
O
N-(Phenylacetyl)-7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic acid
Phenylacetylene
O
O
(N-Phenylacetyl)glycine
O
NH2
L-Phenylalanine
NH2 O
N
(Phenylacetyl)urea
9-Phenylacridine
O
O O
NH2
NH2 L-Phenylalaninamide
Phenyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate
O OH
NH2
NH2
L-Phenylalanine, ethyl ester
OH
N H
O
O
L-Phenylalanylglycine
3-Phenylallyl acetate
O
O
H N
NH
O
N H
S
O
O
5-Phenyl-5-allyl-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-pyrimidinetrione
I
As
9-Phenylanthracene
H N
H2N
OH
OH 2-(Phenylamino)benzoic acid
Phenyl 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoate
3-(Phenylamino)phenol
I H 2N N N
OH 4-(Phenylamino)phenol
O
OH
4-(Phenylamino)benzenesulfonic acid
H N
OH
H N
O O
N
N H
Phenylarsonous diiodide
HO N N
NH2 HCl
4-(Phenylazo)-1,3-benzenediamine monohydrochloride
OH
4-(Phenylazo)-1,3-benzenediol
NH2
H N N
N
N
N
N
N
4-(Phenylazo)-1-naphthalenamine
1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthalenamine
N OH
NH2
N
4-Phenylazodiphenylamine
N
N
N N
1-(Phenylazo)-2-naphthol
OH
4-(Phenylazo)phenol
N
N
O
O OH
1-[[4-(Phenylazo)phenyl]azo]-2-naphthol
O
OH
N
O
Cl
N H N-Phenylbenzamide
α-Phenylbenzeneacetaldehyde
α-Phenylbenzeneacetic acid
α-Phenylbenzeneacetonitrile
α-Phenylbenzeneacetyl chloride
3-426
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
8831 N-Phenylbenzenecarbothioamide
C13H11NS
636-04-4
213.298
8832 N-Phenyl-1,2-benzenediamine
C12H12N2
534-85-0
p-Aminodiphenylamine
C12H12N2
Benzhydrylamine
No. Name
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
ye pl or pr (al)
102
dec
184.236
nd(w)
79.5
313
101-54-2
184.236
nd(al)
66
354
C14H15N C14H14O C13H13N C13H11N C15H14O2
25611-78-3 614-29-9 91-00-9 1013-88-3 606-83-7
197.276 198.260 183.249 181.233 226.271
C13H10N2
716-79-0
194.231
8840 Phenyl benzoate
C13H10O2
93-99-2
198.217
8841 2-Phenylbenzoic acid
C13H10O2
947-84-2
8842 4-Phenylbenzoic acid
C13H10O2
8843 2-Phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one Flavone 8844 3-Phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one Isoflavone 8845 2-Phenylbenzothiazole
8833 N-Phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine 8834 8835 8836 8837 8838
α-Phenylbenzeneethanamine α-Phenylbenzeneethanol α-Phenylbenzenemethanamine α-Phenylbenzenemethanimine β-Phenylbenzenepropanoic acid
8839 2-Phenylbenzimidazole
Synonym
Phenzidole
8846 N-Phenyl-Nbenzylbenzenemethanamine 8847 Phenyl biguanide
N-Phenylimidodicarbonimidic diamide
8848 2-Phenyl-1,3-butadiene
nd (peth-bz) 67 hex pl 34 nd (dil al)
311; 17515 17715 304; 17623 282
1.03115 1.036070 1.063320 1.084719
314
1.23520
198.217
343.5
92-92-2
198.217
nd (bz, al)
228
sub
C15H10O2
525-82-6
222.239
C15H10O2 C13H9NS
574-12-9 883-93-2
222.239 211.282
nd (lig), cry 100 (30% al) 148 nd (dil al) 115
371
C20H19N
91-73-6
273.372
69
C8H11N5
102-02-3
177.207
143
C10H10
2288-18-8
130.186
C10H13NO
1129-50-6
163.216
8850 Phenylbutanedioic acid, (±)
C10H10O4
10424-29-0
8851 1-Phenyl-1,3-butanedione
C10H10O2
nD
Solubility i H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, bz, chl; sl lig sl H2O, lig; s ace, bz, chl sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH; s eth, lig vs eth, EtOH
1.5963 1.619119
156.0
pl (HOAc) 293 (al-w) nd (bz, w) mcl pr (eth- 71 al) lf (dil al) 114.3
8849 N-Phenylbutanamide
den/ g cm-3
226
10
6017 15
1.0444
80
0.92520
1.548920
25
97
189
194.184
mcl pr (al, bz, eth) lf or nd (w)
168
dec
93-91-4
162.185
pr
56
261.5
1.059974
C10H12O2
4346-18-3
164.201
225
1.038215
8853 1-Phenyl-1-butanone
C10H12O
495-40-9
148.201
228.5
0.98820
8854 1-Phenyl-2-butanone
C10H12O
1007-32-5
148.201
228; 11116
0.987720
8855 4-Phenyl-2-butanone
C10H12O
2550-26-7
148.201
233.5
0.984922
1.51122
C19H20N2O2 C10H12 C10H10O C10H10O
50-33-9 2039-93-2 495-41-0 1896-62-4
308.374 132.202 146.185 146.185
pl
182 1119 261
0.88725 1.02515 1.009745
1.528820 1.562618 1.583645
C10H8O C8H7ClO2
1817-57-8 620-73-5
144.170 170.594
4.5 nd or pl (al) 44.5
792 232.5
1.021520 1.220244
1.576220 1.514644
8852 Phenyl butanoate
8856 8857 8858 8859
Phenylbutazone 2-Phenyl-1-butene 1-Phenyl-2-buten-1-one trans-4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one
Phenyl butyrate
α-Ethylstyrene Benzilideneacetone
8860 4-Phenyl-3-butyn-2-one 8861 Phenyl chloroacetate 8862 Phenyl chloroformate 8863 4-Phenyl-2-chlorophenol 3-Chloro-(1,1’-biphenyl)-4-ol 8864 2-Phenyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4dione 8865 4-Phenylcyclohexanone 8866 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine Phencyclidine 8867 3-Phenyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
C7H5ClO2 C12H9ClO C12H8O2
1885-14-9 92-04-6 363-03-1
156.567 204.651 184.191
C12H14O C17H25N C11H10O
4894-75-1 77-10-1 3810-26-2
174.238 243.388 158.196
8868 N-Phenyl-N,N-diethanolamine
C10H15NO2
120-07-0
181.232
8869 2-Phenyl-1,3-dioxane 8870 4-Phenyl-1,3-dioxane 8871 1-Phenyl-1-dodecanone
C10H12O2 C10H12O2 C18H28O
772-01-0 772-00-9 1674-38-0
164.201 164.201 260.414
12
liq
-13
1.134
1.6065
80
1.567878
1.520320
sl H2O; s ace vs eth sl H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, ace sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, chl, HOAc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, bz, HOAc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, CS2 i H2O; sl EtOH, HOAc; s eth, bz
i H2O; s eth, bz, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl chl sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, ace; i bz i H2O; s eth; sl chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace; s ctc i H2O; s EtOH, ctc; msc eth; vs ace i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc; vs ace
105 20.5 41.5
i H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, ace, bz; sl peth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth
9
wh-ye cry ye lf (peth, al) cry (peth) liq
nd (peth)
77 114
71 1617 sl H2O; s EtOH, bz, peth; vs chl
79 46.5 -23
15812 1361.0 234.2
0.971120
57
20010
1.20160
41
253 247 2019, 1815
1.605360 1.103820 0.879418
47
1.544020
1.530618 1.470018
s EtOH, ace, chl; sl eth vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH vs EtOH, eth i H2O; s os i H2O; s ace; sl ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds S
NH2
H N
N H
3-427 H N
NH2
NH2
OH
α-Phenylbenzeneethanamine
α-Phenylbenzeneethanol
NH2
N-Phenylbenzenecarbothioamide
N-Phenyl-1,2-benzenediamine
N-Phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine
α-Phenylbenzenemethanamine
O OH
NH
β-Phenylbenzenepropanoic acid
O
OH
O
N H α-Phenylbenzenemethanimine
OH
O
N
O
2-Phenylbenzimidazole
Phenyl benzoate
2-Phenylbenzoic acid
4-Phenylbenzoic acid
O O
N
H N
N
O 3-Phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
NH2
NH HN
S
O 2-Phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
H N
2-Phenylbenzothiazole
N-Phenyl-N-benzylbenzenemethanamine
Phenyl biguanide
O HO H N
OH
O
O
O
O
O
O 2-Phenyl-1,3-butadiene
O
N-Phenylbutanamide
Phenylbutanedioic acid, (±)
1-Phenyl-1,3-butanedione
Phenyl butanoate
1-Phenyl-1-butanone
O O
O
N
O
N
O
O
O 1-Phenyl-2-butanone
4-Phenyl-2-butanone
Phenylbutazone
2-Phenyl-1-butene
1-Phenyl-2-buten-1-one
trans-4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one
4-Phenyl-3-butyn-2-one
O O O
O
Cl O
OH
O
Phenyl chloroacetate
N
Cl
Cl
Phenyl chloroformate
4-Phenyl-2-chlorophenol
O 2-Phenyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
4-Phenylcyclohexanone
1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine
O HO
N
OH
O
O O
O O 3-Phenyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one
N-Phenyl-N,N-diethanolamine
2-Phenyl-1,3-dioxane
4-Phenyl-1,3-dioxane
1-Phenyl-1-dodecanone
3-428
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
8872 1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
Styrene glycol
C8H10O2
93-56-1
138.164
nd (lig)
67.5
273
8873 N-Phenylethanolamine
C8H11NO
122-98-5
137.179
8874 1-Phenylethanone oxime
C8H9NO
613-91-2
135.163
nd (w)
8875 2-Phenylethyl acetate 8876 1-Phenylethyl hydroperoxide 8877 N-(2-Phenylethyl) imidodicarbonimidic diamide, monohydrochloride 8878 2-Phenylethyl 2-methylpropanoate 8879 2-Phenylethyl phenylacetate 8880 2-Phenylethyl propanoate 8881 2-(2-Phenylethyl)pyridine 8882 N-Phenylformamide
C10H12O2 C8H10O2 C10H16ClN5
103-45-7 3071-32-7 834-28-6
164.201 138.164 241.721
liq liq cry
C12H16O2 C16H16O2 C11H14O2 C13H13N C7H7NO
103-48-0 102-20-5 122-70-3 2116-62-3 103-70-8
192.254 240.297 178.228 183.249 121.137
C7H6O2 C10H8O C12H16O6 C9H10O2 C8H9NO2 C13H18O
1864-94-4 17113-33-6 4630-62-0 122-60-1 103-01-5 1671-75-6
122.122 144.170 256.251 150.174 151.163 190.281
8889 1-Phenyl-1-hexanone
C12H16O
942-92-7
8890 Phenylhydrazine
C6H8N2
8883 8884 8885 8886 8887 8888
Phenyl formate 2-Phenylfuran Phenyl α-D-glucopyranoside Phenyl glycidyl ether N-Phenylglycine 1-Phenyl-1-heptanone
Phenformin hydrochloride
Benzylcarbinol isobutyrate Phenethyl propionate Formanilide
Phenylaminoacetic acid
279.5; 15010
1.094520
60
245
1.051578
-31.1
232.6 500.01
1.088320
nD
1.576020
1.517120
177.3
26.5 liq liq mcl pr (ligxyl) liq
den/ g cm-3
-1.5 46
250; 12315 1774.5 244 289 271
0.995015 1.07725 1.0225 1.04650 1.118650
1.487120
178; 8215 10818, 825
1.08320
1.592020
vs EtOH 1.495020 s H2O, eth, bz; vs EtOH
243
1.110921
1.530721
lf
127.5 16.4
283.3
0.951620
1.506020
176.254
fl
27
265
0.957620
1.502725
100-63-0
108.141
mcl pr or pl 20.6
243.5
1.098620
1.608410
172
C7H9N3O
103-03-7
151.165
8892 N-Phenylhydrazinecarboxamide
4-Phenylsemicarbazide
C7H9N3O
537-47-3
151.165
C6H9ClN2
59-88-1
144.601
C6H7NO
100-65-2
109.126
C17H12O3
132-54-7
264.275
96
C9H8N2
7164-98-9
144.173
13
276
C9H8N2 C9H8N2O2 C7H5Cl2N C13H11NO N-(4-Hydroxybenzilidene)aniline C13H11NO
670-96-2 89-24-7 622-44-6 779-84-0 1689-73-2
144.173 176.172 174.028 197.232 197.232
149.3 184.5
340
liq
C15H12 C15H10O2
1961-96-2 83-12-5
192.256 222.239
oil lf (al, bz)
C14H11N
948-65-2
193.244
C10H11IO4 C7H5NO C14H9NO2
3240-34-4 103-71-9 520-03-6
322.096 119.121 223.227
cry
161 1.536820
210
163; 5513 sub
1.095620
wh nd (al)
C9H12O
2741-16-4
136.190
liq
-33
176.8
0.940825
1.497520
C7H5NS
103-72-0
135.187
liq
-21
221
1.130320
1.649223
151 24.5
21015
0.935430
8895 Phenyl 1-hydroxy-2naphthalenecarboxylate 8896 1-Phenyl-1H-imidazole 8897 8898 8899 8900 8901
2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole 5-Phenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione Phenylimidocarbonyl chloride 2-[(Phenylimino)methyl]phenol 4-[(Phenylimino)methyl]phenol
8902 1-Phenyl-1H-indene 8903 2-Phenyl-1H-indene-1,3(2H)dione
5-Phenylhydantoin
Phenindione
8904 2-Phenyl-1H-indole
8905 Phenyliodine diacetate 8906 Phenyl isocyanate 8907 2-Phenyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)dione 8908 Phenyl isopropyl ether
Iodobenzene diacetate
Isopropoxybenzene
8909 Phenyl isothiocyanate
nd (bz), pl (w) lf (al) nd (w, bz, peth)
lf (bz)
128 244 dec
sub
83.5
210; 10530
C9H7NO2 C18H28O2
1076-59-1 4228-00-6
161.158 276.414
lf (al)
8912 Phenylmagnesium chloride
Chlorophenylmagnesium
C6H5ClMg
100-59-4
136.862
cry
8913 Phenylmercuric chloride
Chlorophenylmercury
C6H5ClHg
100-56-1
313.15
pl (bz)
C6H5HgNO3 C14H12O2
55-68-5 4397-53-9
339.70 212.244
1.139715
1.602525
1.2815 1.08725
i H2O; vs eth, ace, chl vs EtOH
i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl bz, chl
1587 150
190.5
Phenyl dodecanoate
vs H2O, EtOH vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth, ace s H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz; vs ace sl H2O, eth, bz, lig; s EtOH, ace sl H2O; vs EtOH, chl; i eth vs H2O, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl vs bz, EtOH
49.5 196.0
8910 3-Phenyl-2-isoxazolin-5-one 8911 Phenyl laurate
8914 Phenylmercuric nitrate 8915 4-(Phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde
vs ace, bz
174
Phenicarbazide
N-Hydroxybenzenamine
vs H2O, eth, bz, EtOH; sl lig sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s ctc vs eth, EtOH s H2O
8891 2-Phenylhydrazinecarboxamide
8893 Phenylhydrazine monohydrochloride 8894 Phenylhydroxylamine
Solubility
25010
251 ≈181 73
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, MeOH, chl sl H2O; s eth, bz, chl, HOAc, CS2
21713
vs eth; sl chl i H2O; sl EtOH; msc chl s H2O, EtOH, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc sl chl vs ace, eth, EtOH reac H2O; s thf, eth i H2O; sl EtOH, bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds OH
N
H N
OH
3-429 O
OH
OH
O
OH
O 1-Phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
H2N
N
N-Phenylethanolamine
1-Phenylethanone oxime
O
NH2
NH NH
2-Phenylethyl acetate
O O
HCl
N-(2-Phenylethyl)imidodicarbonimidic diamide, monohydrochloride
1-Phenylethyl hydroperoxide
O O
2-Phenylethyl 2-methylpropanoate
O
2-Phenylethyl phenylacetate
2-Phenylethyl propanoate
HO O OH H N
N
HO O
O
O
O HO
O
O O
2-(2-Phenylethyl)pyridine
N-Phenylformamide
O
O
H N
Phenyl formate
O
Phenyl Îą-D-glucopyranoside
2-Phenylfuran
HN
NH2
N-Phenylglycine
1-Phenyl-1-heptanone
1-Phenyl-1-hexanone
O
H N
OH Phenylhydrazine
Phenyl glycidyl ether
N H
H N
NH2
H N
NH2
O
2-Phenylhydrazinecarboxamide
N-Phenylhydrazinecarboxamide
N HN
NH2 HCl
HN
OH
N
OH O O
Phenylhydrazine monohydrochloride
Phenylhydroxylamine
Phenyl 1-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate
NH
N H 1-Phenyl-1H-imidazole
N H
2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole
O
5-Phenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione
O
OH N
O
N
Cl
HO N
Cl Phenylimidocarbonyl chloride
O
I
N
2-[(Phenylimino)methyl]phenol
O
N
C
O
N H
O 1-Phenyl-1H-indene
2-Phenyl-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione
O N N
O
O
4-[(Phenylimino)methyl]phenol
C
S
O O
O Phenyliodine diacetate
Phenyl isocyanate
2-Phenyl-1H-indole
2-Phenyl-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
Phenyl isopropyl ether
Phenyl isothiocyanate
O
N
3-Phenyl-2-isoxazolin-5-one
O Mg
Cl
Hg
Cl
Hg
ONO2
O O
O Phenyl laurate
Phenylmagnesium chloride
Phenylmercuric chloride
Phenylmercuric nitrate
4-(Phenylmethoxy)benzaldehyde
3-430
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
8916 N2-[(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]- Larginine 8917 N-[(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]- Laspartic acid 8918 2-(Phenylmethoxy)phenol 8919 4-(Phenylmethoxy)phenol Monobenzone
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C14H20N4O4
1234-35-1
308.334
174
C12H13NO6
1152-61-0
267.234
117.0
C13H12O2 C13H12O2
6272-38-4 103-16-2
200.233 200.233
pl (w)
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
20520, 17313
1.15422
1.590618
310
1.03855
1.600100
vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, bz, eth; s ace i H2O; s EtOH, eth, NH3; sl chl
122
8920 N-(Phenylmethylene)aniline
Benzylideneaniline
C13H11N
538-51-2
181.233
8921 cis-α-(Phenylmethylene) benzeneacetic acid 8922 trans-α-(Phenylmethylene) benzeneacetic acid 8923 N-(Phenylmethylene) benzenemethanamine 8924 2-(Phenylmethylene)butanal 8925 N-(Phenylmethylene)ethanamine
cis-α-Phenylcinnamic acid
C15H12O2
91-47-4
224.255
pa ye nd 54 (CS2) pl (dil al) silky needles 174
trans-α-Phenylcinnamic acid
C15H12O2
91-48-5
224.255
prisms
C14H13N
780-25-6
195.260
C11H12O C9H11N
28467-92-7 6852-54-6
160.212 133.190
s H2O, EtOH, MeOH, eth, bz vs H2O; s EtOH, MeOH, eth, bz
138 20520 18
243; 1575 195 20
1.020122 0.93720
1.57820 1.537815
20
20
8926 2-(Phenylmethylene)heptanal 8927 N-(Phenylmethylene)methanamine Benzylidenemethylamine
C14H18O C8H9N
122-40-7 622-29-7
202.292 119.164
ye oil
80
174 185; 9234
0.9711 0.967114
1.5381 1.552620
8928 2-(Phenylmethylene)octanal 2-Hexyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal 8929 3-(Phenylmethylene)-2-pentanone Methyl α-ethylstyryl ketone 8930 N-(Phenylmethyl)-1,2ethanediamine 8931 Phenylmethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 8932 1-Phenyl-2-methyl-2-propanol 8933 N-(Phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6amine 8934 4-Phenylmorpholine
C15H20O C12H14O C9H14N2
101-86-0 3437-89-6 4152-09-4
216.319 174.238 150.220
liq
4
252; 16920 13712 13011
1.000522
1.565022
C14H12O3 C10H14O C12H11N5
94-18-8 100-86-7 1214-39-7
228.243 150.217 225.249
nd
24 232.8
215
0.978716
1.517316
C10H13NO
92-53-5
163.216
cry (al-eth)
58.3
8935 N-Phenyl-1-naphthalenamine
1-Naphthylphenylamine
C16H13N
90-30-2
219.281
61
8936 N-Phenyl-2-naphthalenamine
N-Phenyl-β-naphthylamine
C16H13N
135-88-6
219.281
108
395.5
8937 1-Phenylnaphthalene
C16H12
605-02-7
204.266
cry
45
334
1.09620
8938 2-Phenylnaphthalene
C16H12
612-94-2
204.266
lf (al)
103.5
345.5
1.218020
C14H20O C8H8O
1674-37-9 96-09-3
204.308 120.149
22.8 colorless liq -35.6
285; 16415 194.1
0.936030 1.049025
8941 3-Phenyloxiranecarboxylic acid, ethyl ester 8942 5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadienal
C11H12O3
121-39-1
192.211
C11H10O
13466-40-5
158.196
8943 1-Phenyl-1,4-pentanedione 8944 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol
C11H12O2 C11H16O
583-05-1 583-03-9
176.212 164.244
ye oil
8945 1-Phenyl-1-pentanone
C11H14O
1009-14-9
162.228
liq
8946 1-Phenyl-1-penten-3-one
C11H12O
3152-68-9
160.212
lf (lig)
8939 1-Phenyl-1-octanone 8940 Phenyloxirane
Styrene-7,8-oxide
8947 Phenylphosphine 8948 Phenylphosphinic acid
Monophenylphosphine Benzenephosphinic acid
C6H7P C6H7O2P
638-21-1 1779-48-2
110.094 142.093
8949 Phenylphosphonic acid
Benzenephosphonic acid
C6H7O3P
1571-33-1
158.092
8950 Phenylphosphonic dichloride 8951 Phenylphosphonothioic dichloride Dichlorophenylphosphine sulfide 8952 Phenylphosphonous dichloride Dichlorophenylphosphine 8953 Phenyl phosphorodichloridate Phenyl dichlorophosphate 8954 1-Phenylpiperazine
C6H5Cl2OP C6H5Cl2PS
824-72-6 3497-00-5
194.983 211.049
C6H5Cl2P C6H5Cl2O2P C10H14N2
644-97-3 770-12-7 92-54-6
178.984 210.983 162.231
8955 1-Phenylpiperidine
C11H15N
4096-20-2
161.244
8956 4-Phenylpiperidine
C11H15N
771-99-3
161.244
i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s ace, ctc s EtOH, eth, ace, chl
sl chl
1.666420
1.534220
i H2O, EtOH; vs eth sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc; sl chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc; s ctc s EtOH, bz, chl, HOAc; vs eth s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl
1365 42.5
1603, 1331.0
16212 14125, 1023
0.965520
1.525030 1.408625
-9.4
245
0.98620
1.515820
38.5
14212
0.869720
1.568420
160.5
1.00115
1.579620
83.8 lf (w)
liq hyg liq pa ye oil
160 1
258 205130
1.19725 1.37613
1.558125
-51
225; 14257 242; 1005 286.5; 16115
1.35620 1.41220 1.062120
1.603020 1.523020 1.587520
4.7
258
0.994425
1.559825
60.5
257
0.999616
i H2O; msc EtOH, bz; vs eth vs ace vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl ctc sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, bz s H2O; vs EtOH; sl eth, chl vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; i bz sl DMSO
vs bz i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-431 OH
O O
O
OH
O
H N
N H
NH
O
N H
NH2
N2-[(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-arginine
OH O
O
OH N
O
OH
O
N-[(Phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-aspartic acid
2-(Phenylmethoxy)phenol
4-(Phenylmethoxy)phenol
N-(Phenylmethylene)aniline
OH O
O
N
OH cis-Îą-(Phenylmethylene)benzeneacetic acid
O
trans-Îą-(Phenylmethylene)benzeneacetic acid
N-(Phenylmethylene)benzenemethanamine
2-(Phenylmethylene)butanal
O N
N O
N-(Phenylmethylene)ethanamine
O
2-(Phenylmethylene)heptanal
N-(Phenylmethylene)methanamine
2-(Phenylmethylene)octanal
NH
O NH2
N H
Phenylmethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
1-Phenyl-2-methyl-2-propanol
N
N H
O
N-(Phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine
4-Phenylmorpholine
O
O
H N
N-Phenyl-1-naphthalenamine
N
OH
OH
HN
N
N
O
N-(Phenylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
3-(Phenylmethylene)-2-pentanone
N-Phenyl-2-naphthalenamine
1-Phenylnaphthalene
O
2-Phenylnaphthalene
O O
1-Phenyl-1-octanone
Phenyloxirane
OH
O
O
O
O
3-Phenyloxiranecarboxylic acid, ethyl ester
H
O
1-Phenyl-1-penten-3-one
5-Phenyl-2,4-pentadienal
P
H
Phenylphosphine
1-Phenyl-1,4-pentanedione
1-Phenyl-1-pentanol
1-Phenyl-1-pentanone
O H P OH
O HO P OH
O Cl P Cl
S Cl P Cl
Phenylphosphinic acid
Phenylphosphonic acid
Phenylphosphonic dichloride
Phenylphosphonothioic dichloride
H N Cl
P
Cl O
Phenylphosphonous dichloride
O Cl P Cl
Phenyl phosphorodichloridate
N
N
1-Phenylpiperazine
1-Phenylpiperidine
N H 4-Phenylpiperidine
3-432
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
8957 N-Phenylpropanamide
C9H11NO
620-71-3
149.189
8958 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione 8959 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 2oxime 8960 Phenyl propanoate
C9H8O2 C9H9NO2
579-07-7 119-51-7
148.159 163.173
pl (eth, al, bz) ye oil wh nd (w)
C9H10O2
637-27-4
150.174
pr
8961 2-Phenyl-1-propanol 8962 1-Phenyl-2-propanol 8963 Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride 8964 1-Phenyl-1-propanone
C9H12O C9H12O C9H14ClNO
1123-85-9 698-87-3 154-41-6
136.190 136.190 187.666
Propiophenone
C9H10O
93-55-0
134.174
8965 1-Phenyl-2-propanone
Phenylacetone
C9H10O
103-79-7
134.174
8966 cis-3-Phenyl-2-propenenitrile
C9H7N
24840-05-9
129.159
8967 trans-3-Phenyl-2-propenenitrile
C9H7N
1885-38-7
129.159
C18H14O3
538-56-7
278.302
8969 cis-3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol
C9H10O
4510-34-3
134.174
8970 trans-3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol
C9H10O
4407-36-7
134.174
No. Name
8968 3-Phenyl-2-propenoic anhydride
Synonym
Cinnamic anhydride
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
105.5
222.2
1.17525
<20 115
222; 10212
20
nD
Solubility
1.100620
1.53710
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, eth
211
1.043625
1.498020
12126, 10511 12525, 12020
0.97525 0.99120
1.55822 1.519020
194 20
217.5
1.0096
liq
-15
216.5
1.015720
1.516820
liq
-4.4
249; 13930
1.028920
1.584320
22
263.8
1.030420
1.601320
257.5
1.044020
1.581920
vs eth, EtOH
257.5
1.044020
1.581920
265; 14515
1.056720
1.542520
sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, ctc, lig
8971 trans-3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol acetate
trans-Cinnamyl acetate
C11H12O2
21040-45-9
176.212
8972 trans-3-Phenyl-2-propenoyl chloride 8973 3-Phenylpropyl acetate 8974 1-Phenyl-2-propylamine, (±)
Cinnamoyl chloride
C9H7ClO
17082-09-6
166.604
ye cry
37.5
257.5
1.161745
1.61442
Benzenepropanol, acetate Amphetamine
C11H14O2 C9H13N
122-72-5 300-62-9
178.228 135.206
col liq oil
-40
691 203
0.930625
1.51826
12
C9H13N
51-64-9
135.206
oil
27.5
203.5; 80
8976 Phenyl propyl ether 8977 4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine
Propoxybenzene
C9H12O C14H15N
622-85-5 2057-49-0
136.190 197.276
liq
-27
189.9 322; 1505
0.947420 1.02425
1.501420 1.561625
C9H6O C9H6O2
2579-22-8 637-44-5
130.143 146.143
12728, 10411 137.5
1.062220 1.2820
1.607912
nd (w)
C9H8O C12H11N7
1504-58-1 396-01-0
132.159 253.262
8982 1-Phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone 8983 2-Phenylpyridine
C9H10N2O C11H9N
92-43-3 1008-89-5
162.187 155.196
8984 3-Phenylpyridine
C11H9N
1008-88-4
155.196
pa ye oil
8985 4-Phenylpyridine 8986 Phenyl-2-pyridinylmethanone 8987 Phenyl-4-pyridinylmethanone
C11H9N C12H9NO C12H9NO
939-23-1 91-02-1 14548-46-0
155.196 183.205 183.205
pl (w)
8988 1-Phenyl-1H-pyrrole
C10H9N
635-90-5
143.185
8989 2-Phenyl-1H-pyrrole
C10H9N
3042-22-6
8980 3-Phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol 8981 6-Phenyl-2,4,7-pteridinetriamine
Triamterene
137
271 164
281 317 315; 17010
143.185
pl (al, sub)
129
272
90.5
16212
941-69-5
173.169
ye nd (bzlig)
8991 1-Phenylpyrrolidine 8992 1-Phenyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
Succinanil
C10H13N C10H9NO2
4096-21-3 83-25-0
147.217 175.184
C15H11N
612-96-4
205.255
11 mcl pr or nd 156 (w, al) nd (dil al) 86
C16H11NO2
132-60-5
249.264
nd
8995 Phenyl salicylate
C13H10O3
118-55-8
214.216
8996 Phenylsilane
C6H8Si
694-53-1
108.214
1.083325
1.621020 1.612325
272
77.5 42 nd (peth), pl 72 (w) pl (sub), red 62 in air
C10H7NO2
Cinchophen
1.5873
28
126
N-Phenylmaleimide
8994 2-Phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid
1.078
20
ye pl (BuOH) 316
8990 1-Phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
8993 2-Phenylquinoline
15
1.4704
20
Dexamphetamine
Phenylacetylenecarboxylic acid
0.949
15
8975 1-Phenyl-2-propylamine, ( S)
8978 3-Phenyl-2-propynal 8979 3-Phenyl-2-propynoic acid
vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; msc bz, xyl; s chl i H2O; s EtOH; vs bz i H2O; s EtOH, ace, ctc vs bz
18.6
nd (bz or al) 136 pt (al) wh nd (eth- 34 peth) wh nd (eth- 34 peth)
1.5269
20
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz i H2O; s EtOH
1.155620
234
11912, 1025 400
1.01820 1.35625
1.581320
363; 1946
214.5
43
17312
1.261430
119
0.868120
1.512520
sl H2O, eth; s chl, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s EtOH, eth vs bz, eth, py, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth s eth, ace, bz i eth; sl EtOH, chl i eth, lig sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, eth s chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; vs peth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl; sl lig vs bz, eth, EtOH s eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O, peth; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, alk; sl ace, bz i H2O; vs EtOH, ace, bz; s eth, HOAc i H2O
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-433
O
H N
O N O
O N-Phenylpropanamide
O
1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione
1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione, 2-oxime
OH
Phenyl propanoate
2-Phenyl-1-propanol
O
NH2 HCl
OH 1-Phenyl-2-propanol
OH
O
OH
O
Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride
1-Phenyl-1-propanone
O
N
N
1-Phenyl-2-propanone
cis-3-Phenyl-2-propenenitrile
O OH
O OH trans-3-Phenyl-2-propenenitrile
3-Phenyl-2-propenoic anhydride
O
cis-3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol
O
O
trans-3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol
O Cl
O NH2
trans-3-Phenyl-2-propen-1-ol acetate
trans-3-Phenyl-2-propenoyl chloride
3-Phenylpropyl acetate
NH2
1-Phenyl-2-propylamine, (Âą)
1-Phenyl-2-propylamine, (S)
O OH
OH
O
O N Phenyl propyl ether
4-(3-Phenylpropyl)pyridine
3-Phenyl-2-propynal
3-Phenyl-2-propynoic acid
3-Phenyl-2-propyn-1-ol
O NH2 N H2N
N
N
NH
N N
N NH2 1-Phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone
2-Phenylpyridine
O
N Phenyl-4-pyridinylmethanone
1-Phenyl-1H-pyrrole
2-Phenyl-1H-pyrrole
O O
N
4-Phenylpyridine
O
N
N
N H
N Phenyl-2-pyridinylmethanone
3-Phenylpyridine
O
N
O
N
N
6-Phenyl-2,4,7-pteridinetriamine
1-Phenyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
OH H H Si H
O
O N
1-Phenylpyrrolidine
N
O OH
1-Phenyl-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
2-Phenylquinoline
2-Phenyl-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid
Phenyl salicylate
Phenylsilane
3-434
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
8997 1-Phenylsilatrane
C12H17NO3Si
2097-19-0
251.354
pr or nd (ace)
8998 Phenyl stearate
C24H40O2
637-55-8
360.574
No. Name
Synonym
mp/˚C
52
612-71-5
306.400
orth nd (al or 176 HOAc)
C9H9N3S
490-55-1
191.252
C11H8OS
135-00-2
188.246
fl (dil al) br in air nd (dil al)
C8H9NS C7H5NS
637-53-6 5285-87-0
151.229 135.187
nd (w)
645-48-7
167.231
pr (al)
200 dec
5351-69-9
167.231
pl (al)
140 dec
103-85-5
152.217
C9H7NOS2
1457-46-1
209.288
nd (w), pr 154 (al) ye pr (HOAc) 194.5 nd or pr (al)
9008 6-Phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4Benzoguanamine diamine Amanozine 9009 N-Phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4diamine 9010 4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5dione 9011 Phenyltrimethylammonium iodide
C9H9N5
91-76-9
187.201
nd, pl (al)
226.5
C9H9N5
537-17-7
187.201
cry (diox, 50% al)
235.5
C8H7N3O2
15988-11-1
177.161
C9H14IN
98-04-4
263.118
lf (al)
9012 Phenyl(triphenylmethyl)diazene 9013 Phenylurea
C25H20N2 C7H8N2O
981-18-0 64-10-8
348.440 136.151
111 dec mcl pr (w, al) 147
C14H12O2
22139-77-1
212.244
nd (HOAc)
156
C8H8O C15H12N2O2
766-94-9 57-41-0
120.149 252.268
nd (al)
286
9017 Phloretin
C15H14O5
60-82-2
274.269
nd (dil al), cry (ace)
263 dec
9018 Phorate 9019 Phorbol 9020 Phorone
C7H17O2PS3 C20H28O6 C9H14O
298-02-2 17673-25-5 504-20-1
260.378 364.432 138.206
9021 Phosalone 9022 Phosfolan
C12H15ClNO4PS2 C7H14NO3PS2
2310-17-0 947-02-4
367.808 255.295
9023 9024 9025 9026
Ethanolamine O-phosphate
C11H12NO4PS2 C10H19ClNO5P C6H15N4O5P C2H8NO4P
732-11-6 13171-21-6 1189-11-3 1071-23-4
317.321 299.689 254.181 141.063
9027 O-Phosphoserine 9028 Phthalazine
2,3-Benzodiazine
C3H8NO6P C8H6N2
407-41-0 253-52-1
185.073 130.147
9029 Phthalic acid
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid
C8H6O4
88-99-3
166.132
pl (w)
9030 Phthalic anhydride
C8H4O3
85-44-9
148.116
9031 29H,31H-Phthalocyanine
C32H18N8
574-93-6
514.539
9032 Phthalylsulphathiazole
C17H13N3O5S2
85-73-4
403.432
wh nd (al, 130.8 bz) grsh-bl mcl (quinoline) 273
9033 Physostigmine
C15H21N3O2
57-47-6
275.347
150-86-7
296.531
9000 5-Phenyl-2,4-thiazolediamine
Amiphenazole
9001 Phenyl-2-thienylmethanone 9002 N-Phenylthioacetamide 9003 Phenyl thiocyanate
Thioacetanilide
9004 2-Phenylthiosemicarbazide
2C7H9N3S Phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide NC7H9N3S Phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide C7H8N2S
9005 4-Phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide 9006 Phenylthiourea 9007 3-Phenyl-2-thioxo-4thiazolidinone
9014 trans-5-(2-Phenylvinyl)-1,3benzenediol 9015 Phenyl vinyl ether 9016 Phenytoin
Phosmet Phosphamidon N-Phospho-L-arginine O-Phosphorylethanolamine
9034 Phytol
3-Phenylrhodanine
Pinosylvin
5,5-Diphenyl-2,4imidazolidinedione
3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2C20H40O hexadecen-1-ol, [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
209
C24H18
8999 5’-Phenyl-1,1’:3’,1’’-terphenyl
bp/˚C
26715
i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, HOAc; vs bz; sl chl
30
462
1.199
56.5
300
1.189054
75.5
dec 232.5
1.15318
163 dec 1.618154
i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth
i EtOH, lig; sl bz sl H2O; s EtOH, NaOH i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; s ace, chl, HOAc s EtOH, eth; sl tfa
205.5
cry (EtOH) ye-grn pr
oil cry (ace aq) cry (EtOH aq) cry
224
vs H2O; s EtOH, HOAc; sl ace; i chl 238
1.30225
155.5
0.977020
<-15 250 dec 28
1190.8
1.1625
197.5
0.885020
46 36.5
1170.001
72 -45 177 242
dec 1621.5
1.499820
s H2O, ace sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, ctc vs H2O, bz, ace; sl eth; s hx
1.213225
166 dec 90.5
316
230 dec
dec
2.18191
295
1.5274
orth pr (eth, 105.5 bz) oily liq
1.522420
sl H2O, eth, DMSO; s EtOH, AcOEt vs ace, bz, chl, HOAc i H2O; vs eth i H2O; s EtOH, ace; sl eth, bz sl H2O, chl; msc EtOH, bz; i eth; s ace
1.471825
s H2O, EtOH, bz; sl eth; i lig sl H2O, eth; i chl; s EtOH sl H2O, eth; s EtOH, ace, bz i H2O, EtOH, eth; s PhNH2 i H2O, eth, chl; sl EtOH; s acid, alk sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl
sub 550
20310
0.849725
msc H2O; s hx
1.459525
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-435
H2N N O O O
Si
O
N
NH2
S O
1-Phenylsilatrane
Phenyl stearate
5’-Phenyl-1,1’:3’,1’’-terphenyl
5-Phenyl-2,4-thiazolediamine
N C
S
H N
NH2 N NH2
S S
O Phenyl-2-thienylmethanone
Phenyl thiocyanate
N N
N
S
3-Phenyl-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone
O
N N
S 6-Phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
Phenylthiourea
N O
NH2
N H
N H
N-Phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
H N
4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione
Phenyltrimethylammonium iodide
O O
trans-5-(2-Phenylvinyl)-1,3-benzenediol
OH
O
N H
OH
Phenylurea
H N
NH2 O
Phenyl(triphenylmethyl)diazene
I
N
N H
OH
N N
NH2 S
4-Phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazide
NH2
N
H N
NH2
S
2-Phenylthiosemicarbazide
NH2
N
H N
S
N-Phenylthioacetamide
O
H N
Phenyl vinyl ether
Phenytoin
OH
OH O H HO
S O P S O
OH
H OH
S
N O
O HO CH2OH
OH Phloretin
S O P S O O
Phorate
O
Cl
Phorbol
Phorone
Phosalone
O S S
O O P N O
N O
Phosfolan
O O P O O
S S P O O
O P
O N
HO N HO H
Cl
Phosmet
NH
Phosphamidon
O
N H
OH
O
H2N
H 2N
N-Phospho-L-arginine
OH O OH P
O-Phosphorylethanolamine
N
O P
HO O HO
HO
O
S
O N S H O
OH
N HN
Phthalic acid
H N
O O
Phthalic anhydride
29H,31H-Phthalocyanine
O O
OH
N O
Phthalazine
NH
N
N
O
N N
NH2
Phthalylsulphathiazole
O OH O
O-Phosphoserine
N
O
NH N
N Physostigmine
H
N
OH Phytol
3-436
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
9035 Picene
Benzo[a]chrysene
C22H14
213-46-7
278.346
lf, pl (xyl, py, 368 sub)
519
9036 Picrolonic acid
C10H8N4O5
550-74-3
264.195
ye nd (al)
116
dec
9037 Picropodophyllin
C22H22O8
477-47-4
414.405
228
9038 Picrotoxin 9039 Pilocarpine
C30H34O13 C11H16N2O2
124-87-8 92-13-7
602.583 208.257
col nd (al, bz) orth lf nd
9040 Pilocarpine, monohydrochloride 9041 Pilocarpine, mononitrate
C11H17ClN2O2 C11H17N3O5
54-71-7 148-72-1
244.718 271.270
C16H18N2O3 C20H30O2
13640-28-3 127-27-5
286.325 302.451
C10H18
473-55-2
138.250
hyg cry wh pow or cry (al) nd (al) orth (ace) pr (al) oil
35408-04-9 13523-86-9 80-56-8
154.249 248.321 136.234
9042 Pilosine 9043 Pimaric acid 9044 Pinane
Dextropimaric acid 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1] heptane Pinene hydrate
mp/˚C
203.5 34
den/ g cm-3
bp/˚C
nD
i H2O; sl EtOH, bz, chl; s con sulf sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, MeOH vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH vs py, EtOH s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz; vs chl; i peth vs H2O, EtOH vs H2O
2605
204.5 178 179 218.5
28218
-53
169
60 172 -64
8110
cry (EtOH) liq
vs eth, py, EtOH 0.846721
1.460521
156.2
0.853925
1.463225
0.86025
1.476825
9045 trans-2-Pinanol 9046 Pindolol 9047 α-Pinene
2-Pinene
C10H18O C14H20N2O2 C10H16
9048 β-Pinene
Nopinene
C10H16
127-91-3
136.234
liq
-61.5
166
9049 Piperazine
Diethylenediamine
C4H10N2
110-85-0
86.135
hyg pl or lf (al)
106
148.6
1.446113
C5H10N2O C8H18N2O2 C4H12Cl2N2
7755-92-2 122-96-3 142-64-3
114.145 174.241 159.057
950.5 21730
1.509420
135
C4H6N2O2
106-57-0
114.103
C10H24N4
7209-38-3
200.325
C6H15N3 C6H14N2O C5H12N2 C5H11N
140-31-8 103-76-4 2213-43-6 110-89-4
129.203 130.187 100.162 85.148
C6H11NO
2591-86-8
113.157
C6H12N2O C6H11NO2
39546-32-2 3105-95-1
128.171 129.157
C6H11NO2 C6H11NO2 C7H15NO
498-95-3 498-94-2 3040-44-6
129.157 129.157 129.200
9050 1-Piperazinecarboxaldehyde 9051 1,4-Piperazinediethanol 9052 Piperazine dihydrochloride
Diethylenediamine dihydrochloride
9053 2,5-Piperazinedione 9054 1,4-Piperazinedipropanamine 9055 9056 9057 9058
1-Piperazineethanamine 1-Piperazineethanol 1-Piperidinamine Piperidine
1,4-Bis(3-aminopropyl) piperazine 1-(2-Aminoethyl)piperazine
Azacyclohexane
9059 1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde 9060 4-Piperidinecarboxamide 9061 2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, (S) 9062 3-Piperidinecarboxylic acid 9063 4-Piperidinecarboxylic acid 9064 1-Piperidineethanol
L-Pipecolic acid Nipecotic acid Isonipecotic acid
9065 2-Piperidineethanol 9066 4-Piperidineethanol
2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidine 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperidine
C7H15NO C7H15NO
1484-84-0 622-26-4
129.200 129.200
9067 9068 9069 9070 9071 9072
Piperidinium chloride 4-(Aminomethyl)piperidine
C5H12ClN C6H14N2 C6H13NO C6H13NO C8H14N2 C5H9NO
6091-44-7 7144-05-0 3433-37-2 4606-65-9 3088-41-3 675-20-7
121.609 114.188 115.173 115.173 138.210 99.131
Piperidine, hydrochloride 4-Piperidinemethanamine 2-Piperidinemethanol 3-Piperidinemethanol 1-Piperidinepropanenitrile 2-Piperidinone
tab or pl (w) 312 dec
0.97325
1.501520
liq
-11.02
220 246 147 106.22
0.98525 1.06125 0.92825 0.860620
1.498320 1.506520 1.475020 1.453020
liq
-30.8
222.5
1.015825
1.480525
nd (MeOH/ eth) nd
msc H2O, EtOH; s eth, ace, bz, chl msc H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl, lig
138.5 260 261 dec 336 17.9
vs H2O 202; 9012 36
syr
69 132.5
202; 145 227.5
hyg
142 dec 25 69 61 -6.8 39.5
200; 3110 10410, 801 1063.5 14550 256
0.970325
1.474920
27
1.01 1.005915
1.490720
msc H2O; vs EtOH vs H2O vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs H2O, chl
1.490020 1.026320 0.940325
1.496420 1.467625
sl chl sl chl vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s dil acid; i con alk
11914
195.301
C8H15NO C10H14N2
539-00-4 494-52-0
141.211 162.231
oil liq
9076 Piperine
C17H19NO3
94-62-2
285.338
pr (AcOEt) pl 131.5 or mcl pr (al), cry
C19H30O5 C18H28O3S C10H16Br2N2O2 C24H40O8
51-03-6 120-62-7 54-91-1 5281-13-0
338.438 324.478 356.054 456.570
Tropital
sl H2O, EtOH; s HCl
1512
534-84-9
Isosafrole octyl sulfoxide
sub 260
15
C12H21NO
Piperonyl butoxide Piperonyl sulfoxide Pipobroman Piprotal
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s bz, EtOH, eth, chl vs H2O; s EtOH, chl; i eth
sl H2O; i EtOH
9073 2-(1-Piperidinylmethyl) Pimeclone cyclohexanone 9074 1-(2-Piperidinyl)-2-propanone, (±) 9075 3-(2-Piperidinyl)pyridine, (S) Anabasine
9077 9078 9079 9080
Solubility
9
ye-br liq
9114 276; 14614
0.962420 1.045520
1801 dec
1.0525
106 liq
2150.04
1.468320 1.543020
vs EtOH, chl msc H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH, bz, py; sl eth; vs chl
1.53025
sl H2O; misc os
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-437
O O N
OH H O
O
N
N H
O O
O
O H
O N
O Picene
O
O O
O
O O
O
OH
O
O
Picrolonic acid
O
O
O
Picropodophyllin
OH
OH
Picrotoxin
OH H N O
O Pilocarpine
O
N
N
N O
N
O
HCl
N
Pilocarpine, monohydrochloride
HNO3
N
O
O
Pilocarpine, mononitrate
OH O
N
O
Pilosine
Pimaric acid
Pinane
OH
O
N H
OH
HO
N H trans-2-Pinanol
H N
H N
α-Pinene
β-Pinene
H N
N N
N H
Pindolol
N
O
Piperazine
N H
OH
1-Piperazinecarboxaldehyde
2HCl
1,4-Piperazinediethanol
Piperazine dihydrochloride
NH2 O
H N
H N
N N
N H
O
N
O
N NH2
NH2
2,5-Piperazinedione
H N
1,4-Piperazinedipropanamine
1-Piperazineethanamine
NH2
1-Piperazineethanol
O
O
N NH2
OH
N
N H
1-Piperidinamine
O
Piperidine
1-Piperidinecarboxaldehyde
OH
OH
OH OH
N H
N H 4-Piperidinecarboxamide
N H
O
2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid, (S)
N
N H
3-Piperidinecarboxylic acid
N H
OH
4-Piperidinecarboxylic acid
1-Piperidineethanol
N H
OH
2-Piperidineethanol
4-Piperidineethanol
NH2 O
OH N H
N H
N H
HCl
Piperidine, hydrochloride
OH
4-Piperidinemethanamine
2-Piperidinemethanol
N
N H 3-Piperidinemethanol
N H
N
1-Piperidinepropanenitrile
2-Piperidinone
2-(1-Piperidinylmethyl)cyclohexanone
O
O N H
N
1-(2-Piperidinyl)-2-propanone, (±)
N H
O
O
N
O
O
O
3-(2-Piperidinyl)pyridine, (S)
Piperine
O
Br
Piperonyl sulfoxide
O
N O
O
O
O
O S
O
Piperonyl butoxide
N O
N
O
Br Pipobroman
O
O O
O Piprotal
O
O
3-438
No. Name 9081 9082 9083 9084
Pirimicarb Pirimiphos-ethyl Pirimiphos-methyl Pithecolobine
9085 9086 9087 9088
2-Pivaloyl-1,3-indandione Plasmocid Plumericin Podophyllotoxin
9089 Polythiazide 9090 Ponceau 3R 9091 Populin
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Pindone
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C11H18N4O2 C13H24N3O3PS C11H20N3O3PS C22H46N4O2
23103-98-2 23505-41-1 29232-93-7 22368-82-7
238.287 333.387 305.334 398.626
C14H14O3 C17H25N3O C15H14O6 C22H22O8
83-26-1 551-01-9 77-16-7 518-28-5
230.259 287.400 290.268 414.405
C11H13ClF3N3O4S3 346-18-9 C19H16N2Na2O7S2 3564-09-8 99-17-2 C20H22O8
439.882 494.449 390.384
C20H14N4
101-60-0
310.352
C7H5KO2 C3Cl2KN3O3 C6H11KO7
582-25-2 2244-21-5 299-27-4
160.212 236.054 234.245
Potassium sorbate
C6H7KO2
24634-61-5
150.217
Potassium biphthalate Potassium oleate
877-24-7 143-18-0 19216-56-9 50-24-8 641-85-0 481-26-5
204.222 320.552 383.402 360.444 288.511 288.511
C.I. Food Red 6
9092 21H,23H-Porphine
9093 Potassium benzoate 9094 Potassium dichloroisocyanurate 9095 Potassium D-gluconate
Mol. Form.
Troclosene potassium
9096 Potassium trans,trans-2,4hexadienoate 9097 Potassium hydrogen phthalate 9098 Potassium cis-9-octadecenoate 9099 Prazosin 9100 Prednisolone 9101 5α-Pregnane 9102 5β-Pregnane
Allopregnane 17β-Ethyletiocholane
C8H5KO4 C18H33KO2 C19H21N5O4 C21H28O5 C21H36 C21H36
9103 5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol 9104 5β-Pregnane-3α,20S-diol
Allopregnane-3α,20α-diol Pregnanediol
C21H36O2 C21H36O2
566-58-5 80-92-2
320.510 320.510
9105 5α-Pregnane-3,20-dione 9106 5β-Pregnane-3,20-dione
3,20-Allopregnanedione
C21H32O2 C21H32O2
566-65-4 128-23-4
316.478 316.478
9107 5-Pregnane-3,17,21-triol-20-one
3,17,21-Trihydroxypregnan-20- C21H34O4 one, (3α,5β) C21H34O2
68-60-0
350.493
128-20-1
318.494
C21H32O2 C23H28ClN3O C10H10O6
145-13-1 982-43-4 126-49-8
316.478 397.940 226.182
1,1-Diphenyl-3-(1-piperidinyl)- C20H25NO 1-propanol N-(2-Methylphenyl)-2C13H20N2O (propylamino)propanamide 4-Amino-N-[2-(diethylamino) C13H21N3O ethyl]benzamide C13H22ClN3O
511-45-5
9108 Pregnan-3α-ol-20-one 9109 Pregnenolone 9110 Prenoxdiazine hydrochloride 9111 Prephenic acid 9112 Pridinol 9113 Prilocaine 9114 Procainamide 9115 Procainamide hydrochloride 9116 9117 9118 9119 9120 9121 9122
Procarbazine hydrochloride Prochlorperazine Procymidone Prodiamine Profenofos Profluralin Progesterone
Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
9123 DL-Proline
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
cry
15 68
ye cry
109
dec >130 dec 2300.007
1.1420 1.1720
1821.0
1.056924
s H2O, chl, eth, EtOH, peth 1.585524
214 dk red pow nd (w+2), pr (al) red or oran lf (chlMeOH) hyg cry hyg cry ye-wh cry
s H2O; sl EtOH 180 360
sub 300
1.33625
i H2O, eth, ace, bz; sl EtOH; s diox
250 dec 183 dec
vs H2O; i EtOH, eth, bz, chl vs H2O; s EtOH
1.36125
>270 dec
1.63625
s H2O; sl EtOH s H2O, EtOH
1.03215
i H2O; s chl, MeOH
1.1525
sl EtOH, eth; s ace
ye-br solid cry
279 235 84.5 mcl sc or pl 83.5 (MeOH) cry (MeOH) 244 pl (ace) 243.5 cry 200 nd (dil al) cry 123 (dil ace) cry (EtOAc) 226 nd (bz), cry (dil al) nd (dil al)
i H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, ace
149.5
vs EtOH
192 186.5
721-50-6
220.310
nd
38
1601
51-06-9
235.325
47
2122
614-39-1
271.786
166
C12H20ClN3O C20H24ClN3S C13H11Cl2NO2 C13H17F3N4O4 C11H15BrClO3PS C14H16F3N3O4 C21H30O2
366-70-1 58-38-8 32809-16-8 29091-21-2 41198-08-7 26399-36-0 57-83-0
257.759 373.943 284.138 350.294 373.631 347.290 314.462
C5H9NO2
609-36-9
115.131
C5H9NO2
147-85-3
115.131
58-40-2 2631-37-0
284.419 207.269
87
2060.3 1170.01
60-87-7
284.419
60
1910.5
C17H20N2S Phenol, 3-methyl-5-(1C12H17NO2 methylethyl)-, methylcarbamate N,N,α-Trimethyl-10HC17H20N2S phenothiazine-10-ethanamine
Solubility
s chl sl H2O; vs EtOH; i eth; s ace, bz, HOAc
120
9125 Promazine 9126 Promecarb
nD
183
295.419
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
den/ g cm-3
90.5
free acid unstab cry
9124 L-Proline
9127 Promethazine
Physical Form
cry (MeOH)
s ace
vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth, bz; sl chl
225 228 166 124 1100.001
pr
1.529920
34 129
1.45225 1.4725 1.45520 1.16623
hyg nd (al- 205 dec eth) cry (+w) nd (al-eth) pr 221 dec (w)
i H2O; s EtOH, diox, ace vs H2O, EtOH
vs H2O; sl EtOH, ace, bz; i eth, PrOH
i H2O; vs dil HCl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
O
O
N
N N
N
Pirimicarb
HO
S O P O O N
S O P O O N
N
N
N
Pirimiphos-ethyl
3-439 O H
O HN
N
NH
HN
Pirimiphos-methyl
O
Plasmocid
O
O
O S H2N O
O
N N K
F
H HO H H
Cl O
Potassium dichloroisocyanurate
O
F F
O
NH N
O O
O
O K
OH N HN
HO OH
Polythiazide
O
O
S
N S O O
Podophyllotoxin
N
N
H N
Cl
O
Cl
OH
OH
O H
Plumericin
SO3 Na
O O
NH
2-Pivaloyl-1,3-indandione
Na O3S
H O
O
N N
O
O
O
O
N OH
Pithecolobine
H
O
O
Ponceau 3R
COO K OH H OH OH CH2OH
Populin
O
21H,23H-Porphine
Potassium benzoate
OH O
O
O K
K
O
O K
Potassium D-gluconate
O
Potassium trans,trans-2,4-hexadienoate
Potassium hydrogen phthalate
Potassium cis-9-octadecenoate
O N O
HO
O
N
N
OH
O OH
HO
H
H
H
H
N
O
NH2
5α-Pregnane
Prednisolone
HO
H
H
O
Prazosin
5β-Pregnane
O
O
O
O
OH
H 5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol
OH OH
H
HO
O
H
O
H
5β-Pregnane-3α,20S-diol
HO
H
5α-Pregnane-3,20-dione
5β-Pregnane-3,20-dione
HO OH
O
O
O
N O
OH
H OH Prenoxdiazine hydrochloride
Prephenic acid
O
Pridinol
N
HN HCl H2N
N H
O
Cl
F
NH2 O N
N
H N
N
Procarbazine hydrochloride
Cl
Prochlorperazine
O O
N
N O
O
Procymidone
N
Br
O
Prodiamine
Cl
N H
F
Profluralin
N H
O Progesterone
OH O
DL-Proline
N H
OH O
L-Proline
N
H N
O
N
O S
S Promazine
Promecarb
O S P O
Profenofos
N
NO2
F
O Procainamide
O
O2N
F
F F
O
Cl
HCl
N
H2N
Prilocaine
S
Procainamide hydrochloride
HN
N H
H N
O
N
N
H N
HCl
N
HO Pregnenolone
H Pregnan-3α-ol-20-one
5-Pregnane-3,17,21-triol-20-one
N
O
N
HO
H
Promethazine
3-440
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
9128 Promethazine hydrochloride
Diprazin
C17H21ClN2S
58-33-3
320.880
9129 Prometone 9130 Prometryn
1610-18-0 7287-19-6
225.291 241.357
1918-16-7
211.688
9132 Propanal
C10H19N5O N,N’-Diisopropyl-6-(methylthio) C10H19N5S -1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine C11H14ClNO Acetamide, 2-chloro- N-(1methylethyl)-N-phenylPropionaldehyde C3H6O
123-38-6
58.079
liq
9133 Propanal oxime 9134 Propanamide
Propionamide
C3H7NO C3H7NO
627-39-4 79-05-0
73.094 73.094
9135 Propane
C3H8
74-98-6
9136 Propanediamide
C3H6N2O2
9131 Propachlor
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
231 solid
vs H2O, EtOH, chl
91.5 119
1.15720
77
1100.03
1.24225
-80
48
0.865725
40 rhom, pl (bz) 81.3
131.5 213
44.096
col gas
-187.63
-42.1
108-13-4
102.092
mcl pr(w)
170.8
0.925820 1.428720 0.9262110 1.4180110 vs H2O, EtOH, eth, chl 0.49325 s H2O, EtOH; vs (p>1 eth, bz; sl ace atm) s H2O; i EtOH, eth, bz; sl DMSO 0.87815 1.446020 vs H2O; i eth; vs chl 0.88425 1.460020 s H2O; msc EtOH, eth 1.05920 1.417320 vs H2O; s EtOH, eth 1.07014 1.4192 vs H2O; s EtOH 1.06625 1.445820 1.045520 1.400218 s EtOH, eth, bz 1.450920 1.463920 s eth, AcOEt 1.0820 1.53220 s chl 1.077220 1.539220 sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth, bz
Propylenediamine
C3H10N2
10424-38-1
74.124
hyg
9138 1,3-Propanediamine
1,3-Diaminopropane
C3H10N2
109-76-2
74.124
liq
C7H12O4
623-84-7
160.168
190.5
C7H12O4 C7H12O3 C3H4O2 C3H2Cl2O2 C3H8S2 C3H8S2
628-66-0 923-26-2 78-98-8 1663-67-8 814-67-5 109-80-8
160.168 144.168 72.063 140.953 108.226 108.226
209.5 909, 570.5 72 5728 152 172.9
9146 2,2’-[1,3Disalicylidene-1,3Propanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyn propanediamine e)]bisphenol 9147 Propanenitrile Ethyl cyanide
C17H18N2O2
120-70-7
282.337
C3H5N
107-12-0
55.079
9148 9149 9150 9151
1,2-Oxathiolane, 2,2-dioxide Propyl mercaptan
C3H8O3S C3H7ClO2S C3H6O3S C3H8S
5284-66-2 10147-36-1 1120-71-4 107-03-9
124.159 142.605 122.143 76.161
liq
-113.13
67.8
0.841120
1.438020
9152 2-Propanethiol
Isopropyl mercaptan
C3H8S
75-33-2
76.161
liq
-130.5
52.6
0.814320
1.425520
9153 1,2,3-Propanetriamine 9154 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
1,2,3-Triaminopropane Tricarballylic acid
C3H11N3 C6H8O6
21291-99-6 99-14-9
89.139 176.124
visc oil orth (eth)
166
C5H10O4 C10H13NO4
106-61-6 136-44-7
134.131 211.215
158165, 1293
1.206020
1.415720
Glyceryl p-aminobenzoate 1,3-Diacetin
C7H12O5
105-70-4
176.167
hyg liq
260; 14912
1.17915
1.439520
9158 1,2,3-Propanetriol tribenzoate
C24H20O6
614-33-5
404.412
nd (MeOH)
9159 1,2,3-Propanetriol tripropanoate
C12H20O6
139-45-7
260.283
9160 1,2,3-Propanetriyl hexanoate
C21H38O6
621-70-5
386.523
9161 1,2,3-Propanetriyl octanoate
C27H50O6
538-23-8
470.682
9162 Propanidid
C18H27NO5
1421-14-3
337.411
C9H9Cl2NO
709-98-8
218.079
9164 Propanoic acid
Propanamide, N-(3,4dichlorophenyl)Propionic acid
C3H6O2
79-09-4
74.079
liq
-20.5
141.15
0.988225
1.380920
9165 Propanoic anhydride 9166 1-Propanol
Propionic anhydride Propyl alcohol
C6H10O3 C3H8O
123-62-6 71-23-8
130.141 60.095
liq liq
-45 -124.39
170; 67.518 97.2
1.011020 0.799725
1.403820 1.385020
9140 9141 9142 9143 9144 9145
1,3-Propanediol diacetate 1,2-Propanediol 1-methacrylate 1,2-Propanedione Propanedioyl dichloride 1,2-Propanedithiol 1,3-Propanedithiol
1-Propanesulfonic acid 1-Propanesulfonyl chloride 1,3-Propane sultone 1-Propanethiol
9155 1,2,3-Propanetriol-1-acetate 9156 1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-(4aminobenzoate) 9157 1,2,3-Propanetriol-1,3-diacetate
9163 Propanil
2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate Pyruvaldehyde
Trimethylene dimercaptan
119.5
1.363620
9137 1,2-Propanediamine, (±)
9139 1,2-Propanediol diacetate
Solubility
-10.8
ye hyg liq
liq
-79
139.8
s H2O; msc EtOH, eth
54.3
liq
0.781820
-92.78
97.14
8
1361 1.251625 dec 180; 7712 1.26720
1.365520
1.45220
190; 929
1.22812
76
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc
17520, 15713
1.10815
1.431819
-60
>200
0.986720
1.442720
10
233
0.954020
1.448220
2110.7
s chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace; s chl s H2O vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs H2O, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth; i CS2 i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, chl; vs eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz; vs ace i H2O; msc EtOH; vs eth, bz, chl, lig i H2O; s EtOH, chl
1.2525
92
msc H2O, EtOH; s eth; sl chl msc eth; sl ctc msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace, chl; vs bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-441
N HN
HN N
N HCl
O
S
N
N N
Promethazine hydrochloride
S
N H
N N
Prometone
N
Cl
N H
Prometryn
N
O
O Propachlor
Propanal
OH
Propanal oxime
O O NH2
H 2N
NH2 O
O Propanamide
Propane
H 2N
NH2
Propanediamide
O
O
NH2
O
1,2-Propanediamine, (Âą)
NH2
1,3-Propanediamine
O
O
O 1,2-Propanediol diacetate
O
1,3-Propanediol diacetate
OH
OH
O Cl
O
O
O
OH 1,2-Propanediol 1-methacrylate
Cl O
1,2-Propanedione
Propanenitrile
SH
S
1,3-Propane sultone
1-Propanethiol
NH2 H2N
2-Propanethiol
O
OH
H2N
1,2,3-Propanetriol-1-acetate
O
O
O
O
O
O O Propanidid
O O
O O
1,2,3-Propanetriol tripropanoate
O O
O
1,2,3-Propanetriyl hexanoate
1,2,3-Propanetriyl octanoate
H N
O O
O
O O
O
O
1,2,3-Propanetriol tribenzoate
N
O
O
O O
O
O
1,2,3-Propanetriol-1,3-diacetate
O O
O
O
1,2,3-Propanetriol 1-(4-aminobenzoate)
O
NH2
1,2,3-Propanetriamine
OH OH
O
O O
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid
SH
O
HO
COOH COOH
2,2â&#x20AC;&#x2122;-[1,3-Propanediylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]bisphenol
SH
O O
1-Propanesulfonyl chloride
N
SH
1,3-Propanedithiol
O
OH HOOC
HS
1,2-Propanedithiol
O Cl S O
1-Propanesulfonic acid
N
O
Propanedioyl dichloride
O OH S O
N
SH
OH
O
Cl Cl Propanil
O Propanoic acid
O O
O
Propanoic anhydride
OH 1-Propanol
3-442
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
9167 2-Propanol
Isopropyl alcohol
C3H8O
67-63-0
60.095
liq
-87.9
82.3
0.780925
1.377620
9168 2-Propanone oxime
Acetoxime
C3H7NO
127-06-0
73.094
pr (al)
61
136; 6120
0.911362
1.415620
9169 2-Propanone phenylhydrazone
Acetone, phenylhydrazone
C9H12N2
103-02-6
148.204
orth
42
16350
9170 Propanoyl chloride 9171 Propanoyl fluoride 9172 Propantheline bromide
Propionyl chloride Propionyl fluoride
C3H5ClO C3H5FO C23H30BrNO3
79-03-8 430-71-7 50-34-0
92.524 76.069 448.393
liq
-94
80 44
1.064620 0.97215
1.403220 1.32913
msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace, chl; vs bz s H2O, EtOH, eth, chl, lig s EtOH, eth, dil acid s eth
cry
160
C19H26O4S C5H6O2
2312-35-8 627-09-8
350.472 98.101
9173 Propargite 9174 Propargyl acetate
vs H2O, EtOH, chl; i eth, bz 121.5
1.1025 0.998220
1.418720
113.6
0.947820
1.432220
9175 Propargyl alcohol
3-Hydroxy-1-propyne
C3H4O
107-19-7
56.063
liq
-51.8
9176 Propatyl nitrate
2-Ethyl-2-[(nitrooxy)methyl]1,3-propanediol, dinitrate 6-Chloro-N,N’-diisopropyl1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Propylene
C6H11N3O9
2921-92-8
269.166
wh pow
52
1.49
C9H16ClN5
139-40-2
229.710
213
1.16220
C3H6
115-07-1
42.080
col gas
9179 trans-1-Propene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Mesaconic acid
C5H6O4
498-24-8
130.100
orth nd or 204.5 mcl pr (eth)
sub
0.5O525 (p>1 atm) 1.46620
9180 1-Propene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
Itaconic acid
C5H6O4
97-65-4
130.100
rhom (bz)
dec
1.63225
C3H6S
870-23-5
74.145
65
0.92523
cis-Aconitic acid
C6H6O6
585-84-2
174.108
nd (w)
trans-Aconitic acid
C6H6O6
4023-65-8
174.108
Methylketene Acrylic acid chloride
C3H4O C3H3ClO C9H10
6004-44-0 814-68-6 766-90-5
56.063 90.508 118.175
lf (w) nd (w, 196 dec eth) col gas -80
9187 trans-1-Propenylbenzene
C9H10
873-66-5
118.175
9188 trans-5-(1-Propenyl)-1,3benzodioxole
C10H10O2
4043-71-4
162.185
C9H10O C8H15N C10H20NO4PS C15H17Cl2N3O2 C20H24N2OS C10H19NO4
539-12-8 538-90-9 31218-83-4 60207-90-1 362-29-8 20064-19-1
134.174 125.212 281.309 342.221 340.482 217.263
C12H18O C11H15NO3
2078-54-8 114-26-1
178.270 209.242
C5H12O2
2807-30-9
104.148
C22H29NO2 C22H29NO2 C6H14O2
469-62-5 2338-37-6 1569-01-3
339.471 339.471 118.174
9201 3-Propoxy-1-propene
C6H12O
1471-03-0
100.158
9202 Propranolol 9203 Propyl acetate
C16H21NO2 C5H10O2
525-66-6 109-60-4
259.344 102.132
cry (cyhex) liq
liq
9177 Propazine 9178 Propene
9181 2-Propene-1-thiol
9182 cis-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid 9183 trans-1-Propene-1,2,3tricarboxylic acid 9184 1-Propen-1-one 9185 2-Propenoyl chloride 9186 cis-1-Propenylbenzene
9189 9190 9191 9192 9193 9194
4-(1-Propenyl)phenol 2-(1-Propenyl)piperidine Propetamphos Propiconazole Propiomazine Propionyl-L-carnitine
9195 Propofol 9196 Propoxur 9197 2-Propoxyethanol 9198 D-Propoxyphene 9199 L-Propoxyphene 9200 1-Propoxy-2-propanol
p-Anol β-Coniceine
Carnitine, O-propanoyl
Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-, methylcarbamate Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether Dextropropoxyphene Levopropoxyphene 1,2-Propylene glycol 1-propyl ether
9204 Propyl acrylate 9205 Propylamine
2-Propenoic acid, propyl ester 1-Propanamine
C6H10O2 C3H9N
925-60-0 107-10-8
114.142 59.110
9206 Propylamine hydrochloride
1-Propanamine hydrochloride
C3H10ClN
556-53-6
95.571
-185.24
175
-47.69
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O, chl; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, ace
1.3567-70 sl H2O; vs EtOH, HOAc
1.483220
125
sl H2O, bz, CS2; vs EtOH; s eth, tfa s H2O, EtOH, ace; sl eth, bz, peth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl s H2O; sl eth vs H2O, EtOH
liq
-61.6
-23 75.5 167.5
liq
-29.3
178.3
0.902325
1.550620
6.8
253
1.122420
1.578220
94 8
dec 250 168 880.005 1800.1 2400.5
0.871615 1.129420 1.2720
256; 13630 dec
0.95520 1.1220
1.514020
149.8
0.911220
1.413320
150
0.888620
1.413020
91
0.776420
1.391920
vs ace, eth, EtOH
96 -93
101.3
0.882025
1.382825
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc
-84.75
122; 63100 47.22
0.717320
1.387020
msc H2O; vs EtOH, ace; s bz, chl; sl ctc s DMSO
lf
hyg pr (2PrOH)
1.434320 1.542020
vs eth vs chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace; s chl sl H2O; vs DMF
147 dec 19 87
cry (peth) cry (peth)
1.113620 0.908820
s H2O; vs EtOH, eth
75.5 75.5
163.5
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-443 O
OH
N
OH
H N
N
Cl
2-Propanone oxime
O
2-Propanone phenylhydrazone
O
Propanoyl chloride
O O O O O Propargite
OH
Propargyl acetate
O N
O
Propargyl alcohol
Propantheline bromide
HN
O O N O
N N H
O
Propatyl nitrate
N N
Cl
Propazine
Propene
O HO
Br
O
Propanoyl fluoride
O N O O
S
N
F
O 2-Propanol
O
COOH OH
HO
OH
O
SH
O O
trans-1-Propene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
1-Propene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid
HOOC
2-Propene-1-thiol
COOH COOH
COOH
HOOC
cis-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
trans-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
O
Cl C
O
O
1-Propen-1-one
O
2-Propenoyl chloride
cis-1-Propenylbenzene
trans-1-Propenylbenzene
trans-5-(1-Propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole
OH
N
O HN P O S O
N H 4-(1-Propenyl)phenol
N
O
O
2-(1-Propenyl)piperidine
Propetamphos
Cl
N O
Cl
Propiconazole
N
O O O
S
O
O
Propoxur
N
D-Propoxyphene
N H
L-Propoxyphene
O
OH
2-Propoxyethanol
OH
O
O
O
O
1-Propoxy-2-propanol
3-Propoxy-1-propene
O O
Propranolol
Propofol
O
N
OH
O O
Propionyl-L-carnitine
O
O
N
O
Propiomazine
O
N H
OH
N
Propyl acetate
O Propyl acrylate
NH2 Propylamine
NH2 HCl Propylamine hydrochloride
3-444
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
9207 Propyl 4-aminobenzoate
Risocaine
C10H13NO2
94-12-2
179.216
pr
75
1-Propanearsonic acid
C5H13NO C9H13N C9H13N C3H9AsO3
16369-21-4 2696-84-6 622-80-0 107-34-6
103.163 135.206 135.206 168.023
Isocumene
C9H12
103-65-1
120.191
9213 α-Propylbenzenemethanol, ( R) 9214 Propyl benzenesulfonate
C10H14O C9H12O3S
22144-60-1 80-42-2
150.217 200.254
9215 Propyl benzoate
C10H12O2
2315-68-6
164.201
C10H12O2 C7H14O2
94-58-6 105-66-8
C4H9NO2
9208 9209 9210 9211
2-(Propylamino)ethanol 4-Propylaniline N-Propylaniline Propylarsonic acid
9212 Propylbenzene
9216 5-Propyl-1,3-benzodioxole 9217 Propyl butanoate
Dihydrosafrole
9218 Propyl carbamate 9219 9220 9221 9222 9223 9224
Propyl chloroacetate Propyl 2-chlorobutanoate Propyl chlorocarbonate Propyl 3-chloropropanoate S-Propyl chlorothioformate Propyl trans-cinnamate
9225 Propylcyclohexane
C5H9ClO2 C7H13ClO2 C4H7ClO2 C6H11ClO2 S-Propyl carbonochloridothioate C4H7ClOS Propyl trans-3-phenyl-2C12H14O2 propenoate C9H18
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility vs bz, eth, EtOH, chl
182 227 222; 9811
0.900520
1.442820
0.944320
1.542820
-99.6
159.24
0.859325
1.489525
16
232 16215
0.974020 1.180417
1.513920 1.503525
liq
-51.6
211
1.023020
1.500020
164.201 130.185
liq
-95.2
228 143.0
0.873020
1.400120
627-12-3
103.120
pr
60
196
5396-24-7 62108-71-8 109-61-5 62108-66-1 13889-92-4 74513-58-9
136.577 164.630 122.551 150.603 138.616 190.238
161 183 115.2 180 5926 285
1.10420 1.025220 1.090120 1.065620
1.426120
vs eth, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH; i eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth s ctc sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs ace, eth, EtOH vs eth
1.403520 1.429020
msc EtOH, eth vs eth, EtOH
1678-92-8
126.239
156
0.793620
1.437020
197
0.92720
1.453820
nd (al), pl (w) liq
134.5
liq
liq
-94.9
1.04330
i H2O
9226 2-Propylcyclohexanone
C9H16O
94-65-5
140.222
9227 Propylcyclopentane
C8H16
2040-96-2
112.213
liq
-117.3
131
0.776320
1.426620
i H2O; msc EtOH, ace, ctc; s eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH, ace; vs eth, bz i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace; s bz; vs ctc
9228 1-Propylcyclopentanol 9229 Propylene carbonate
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
C8H16O C4H6O3
1604-02-0 108-32-7
128.212 102.089
liq liq
-37.5 -48.8
173.5 242
0.904025 1.204720
1.450225 1.418920
9230 1,2-Propylene glycol
1,2-Propanediol
C3H8O2
57-55-6
76.095
liq
-60
187.6
1.036120
1.432420
9231 1,3-Propylene glycol
Trimethylene glycol
C3H8O2
504-63-2
76.095
liq
-27.7
214.4
1.053820
1.439820
9232 1,2-Propylene glycol 2- tert-butyl ether 9233 1,2-Propylene glycol dinitrate 9234 1,2-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether 9235 1,2-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 9236 Propyleneimine 9237 Propyl formate
2-(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)-1propanol
C7H16O2
94023-15-1
132.201
liq
152
0.87
C3H6N2O6 C4H10O2
6423-43-4 107-98-2
166.089 90.121
liq
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
9210 119
0.962020
1.403420
2-Acetoxy-1-methoxypropane
C6H12O3
108-65-6
132.157
liq
2-Methylaziridine
C3H7N C4H8O2
75-55-8 110-74-7
57.095 88.106
liq
67 80.9
0.81216 0.907320
1.37720
C10H12O3 C10H22 C9H18O2 C10H12O3 C10H12O3
623-22-3 3178-29-8 626-77-7 607-90-9 94-13-3
180.200 142.282 158.238 180.200 180.200
11316, 923 157.5 187 239
1.074420 0.732125 0.867220 1.097920 1.0630102
1.539224 1.413520 1.417020 vs eth, EtOH 1.516120 s ctc, CS2 1.5050102 i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl chl
C10H11I2NO3 C7H14O2
587-61-1 644-49-5
447.008 130.185
135.4
0.88430
1.395520
C4H7NO C4H7NS
110-78-1 628-30-8
85.105 101.171
83.5 153
0.90825 0.978116
1.397020 1.508516
C7H12O2
2210-28-8
128.169
141
0.902220
1.419020
C8H16O2 C13H14 C3H7NO3
557-00-6 2765-18-6 627-13-4
144.212 170.250 105.093
liq
155.9 274.5 110
0.861720 0.989720 1.053820
1.403120 1.592320 1.397320
C3H7NO2
543-67-9
89.094
liq
48
0.88620
1.360420
9238 9239 9240 9241 9242
Propyl 3-(2-furyl)acrylate 4-Propylheptane Propyl hexanoate Propyl 2-hydroxybenzoate Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Propylparaben
9243 Propyliodone 9244 Propyl isobutanoate 9245 Propyl isocyanate 9246 Propyl isothiocyanate
1-Isocyanatopropane 1-Isothiocyanatopropane
9247 Propyl methacrylate 9248 Propyl 3-methylbutanoate 9249 1-Propylnaphthalene 9250 Propyl nitrate 9251 Propyl nitrite
Propyl isopentanoate
liq pr (eth)
exp
vs H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz msc H2O, EtOH; s eth, bz, chl msc H2O, EtOH; vs eth; sl bz
147
-92.9
-68.7 97 97
sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth vs bz, eth, EtOH
186
-8.6
sl H2O; s EtOH, ace; vs eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc sl H2O; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-445 NH2
O
HN O
H N
H 2N Propyl 4-aminobenzoate
OH
2-(Propylamino)ethanol
O O S O
OH
O As OH OH
4-Propylaniline
N-Propylaniline
Propylarsonic acid
O O
O
O
Propyl benzenesulfonate
Propyl benzoate
O O
O α-Propylbenzenemethanol, (R)
Propylbenzene
5-Propyl-1,3-benzodioxole
H2N
Propyl butanoate
O
Propyl carbamate
O O Cl
O
O O
Cl
Cl
Propyl chloroacetate
Propyl 2-chlorobutanoate
O O
Cl
Propyl chlorocarbonate
O O
Cl
Propyl 3-chloropropanoate
O
O
S
S-Propyl chlorothioformate
HO
O
O
O
O Propyl trans-cinnamate
Propylcyclohexane
2-Propylcyclohexanone
Propylcyclopentane
O
OH HO
OH 1,2-Propylene glycol
ONO2 ONO2
OH
OH
1,3-Propylene glycol
1-Propylcyclopentanol
1,2-Propylene glycol 2-tert-butyl ether
Propylene carbonate
OH O
1,2-Propylene glycol dinitrate
1,2-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
O O
N H
O 1,2-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
O
O O
O
Propyleneimine
O
Propyl formate
Propyl 3-(2-furyl)acrylate
4-Propylheptane
O O O
O
I
O
I N
OH
O O
OH
Propyl hexanoate
Propyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
O N
O
C
S
Propyl isothiocyanate
Propyl methacrylate
O
O
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
Propyliodone
O Propyl 3-methylbutanoate
1-Propylnaphthalene
N
Propyl isobutanoate
O
O O
O
N O
Propyl nitrate
C
O
Propyl isocyanate
O O
N
Propyl nitrite
O
3-446
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
9252 Propyl octanoate
C11H22O2
624-13-5
186.292
liq
-46.2
226.4
0.865920
1.419125
9253 Propyl pentanoate
C8H16O2
141-06-0
144.212
liq
-70.7
167.5
0.869920
1.406520
C8H16O2 C9H12O C9H12O
99-66-1 644-35-9 645-56-7
144.212 136.190 136.190
col liq
221; 12014 220 232.6
0.90425 1.01520 1.00920
1.42525
7 22
C8H17N
458-88-8
127.228
liq
-1.0
166.5
0.844020
1.451222
9258 trans-6-Propyl-3-piperidinol, (3 S) Pseudoconhydrine
C8H17NO
140-55-6
143.227
hyg nd (eth) 106
9259 N-Propylpropanamide 9260 Propyl propanoate
C6H13NO C6H12O2
3217-86-5 106-36-5
115.173 116.158
liq
C8H11N
622-39-9
C8H11N C9H12N2S
vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O vs eth, EtOH sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH sl H2O, chl; msc EtOH; vs eth; s bz vs H2O, eth, EtOH sl H2O, eth sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth; s ace sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; vs ace vs eth, EtOH
No. Name
Synonym
9254 2-Propylpentanoic acid 9255 2-Propylphenol 9256 4-Propylphenol
Valproic acid
9257 2-Propylpiperidine, ( S)
Coniine
Propyl propionate
9261 2-Propylpyridine
9262 4-Propylpyridine 9263 2-Propyl-4pyridinecarbothioamide 9264 Propyl Red
9265 9266 9267 9268 9269
(Propylthio)benzene Propyl 4-toluenesulfonate Propyl trichloroacetate Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Propylurea
Protionamide Benzoic acid, 2-[[4(dipropylamino)phenyl]azo]-
Propyl gallate
1.537925
236
154 -75.9
215; 1089 122.5
0.898525 0.875525
1.390925
121.180
1.0
167
0.911920
1.492520
1122-81-2 14222-60-7
121.180 180.269
185
0.938115
1.496620
136.7
C19H23N3O2
2641-01-2
325.405
C9H12S C10H14O3S C5H7Cl3O2 C10H12O5 C4H10N2O
874-79-3 599-91-7 13313-91-2 121-79-9 627-06-5
152.256 214.281 205.468 212.199 102.134
viol-bl or purp red cry (al) liq
nd (w) pr (al)
s EtOH, KOH
-45 <-20
220 1899 187
0.999520 1.14420 1.322120
1.557120 1.499820 1.450120
65 60
0.767420 0.915220
1.390820 1.403325
0.80325 0.60725 (p>1 atm) 1.138020
1.448020 1.3863-40 sl H2O; vs EtOH; s bz, chl
130 108.5
9270 Propyl vinyl ether 9271 2-Propynal
1-(Ethenyloxy)propane Propargyl aldehyde
C5H10O C3H2O
764-47-6 624-67-9
86.132 54.047
9272 2-Propyn-1-amine 9273 Propyne
Methylacetylene
C3H5N C3H4
2450-71-7 74-99-7
55.079 40.064
col gas
-102.7
83 -23.2
9274 2-Propynoic acid
Propiolic acid
C3H2O2
471-25-0
70.047
cry (CS2)
9
dec 144; 7250
116.160 256.127
C20H34O5
745-65-3
354.481
cry (EtOAc)
115
s H2O
C20H32O5
363-24-6
352.465
col cry
67
s H2O, thf
C20H34O5
551-11-1
354.481
oil or solid
≈30
C20H19NO5
130-86-9
353.369
mcl pr (alchl)
208
C27H43NO9
76-45-9
525.632
nd (MeOH)
221
sl H2O; s EtOH, MeOH, chl, AcOEt i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, bz, peth; s chl i H2O; s EtOH, bz, aq acid, MeOH
C19H22ClN
1225-55-4
299.838
Prunetin Pseudoaconitine Pseudocodeine Pseudojervine
C16H12O5 C36H51NO12 C18H21NO3 C33H49NO8
552-59-0 127-29-7 466-96-6 36069-05-3
284.263 689.790 299.365 587.744
cry (2-PrOH/ 170 eth) 239.5 tcl (MeOH) 214 wh nd 181.5 wh nd or hex 304 dec cry
9287 Pseudomorphine
C34H36N2O6
125-24-6
568.659
cry (aq NH3, 282.5 + 3 w)
C8H15NO
135-97-7
141.211
C11H6O3
66-97-7
186.164
orth cry (eth) 109 , orth bipym (peth-bz) nd (w, EtOH) 171
9277 Prostaglandin E1 9278 Prostaglandin E2 9279 Prostaglandin F2α
9280 Protopine
Fumarine
9281 Protoverine
9282 Protriptyline hydrochloride 9283 9284 9285 9286
9288 Pseudotropine
9289 Psoralen
Triptil
8-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octan-3-ol, exo
1.563
vs H2O, eth, EtOH, chl
15
673-32-5 23950-58-5
N-(1,1-Dimethyl-2-propynyl)3,5-dichlorobenzamide 11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxo-13prostenoic acid 11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxo-5,13prostadienoic acid 9,11,15-Trihydroxyprosta-5,13dienoic acid
0.942
msc H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, tol
C9H8 C12H11Cl2NO
9275 1-Propynylbenzene 9276 Propyzamide
183
15
1.430620
vs eth, EtOH sl H2O sl H2O, DMSO; s EtOH
155
vs eth, EtOH 1.29080
241
1.574 i H2O, eth, bz, chl, tol, peth; s EtOH i H2O, EtOH, eth, chl, sulf; s py, NH3 vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth; s bz, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-447 OH OH
O
O O
O
Propyl octanoate
O
Propyl pentanoate
N H
OH
2-Propylpentanoic acid
2-Propylphenol
4-Propylphenol
2-Propylpiperidine, (S)
S
OH O N H trans-6-Propyl-3-piperidinol, (3S)
O N H
O
N-Propylpropanamide
Propyl propanoate
N
N 2-Propylpyridine
N
4-Propylpyridine
2-Propyl-4-pyridinecarbothioamide
O O S O N N O
NH2
O
O
O N
S
Cl Cl
HO Propyl Red
(Propylthio)benzene
Propyl 4-toluenesulfonate
O
HO
OH
Cl
OH
Propyl trichloroacetate
Propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
H N
O H N
O
NH2 O
O Propylurea
2-Propynal
2-Propyn-1-amine
Propyne
Cl
2-Propynoic acid
1-Propynylbenzene
O
HO OH
OH HO
OH
O O
O HO
OH
Prostaglandin E1
N
O
OH
O HO
Cl Propyzamide
O
O
O
OH
NH2
O
Propyl vinyl ether
O
OH
Prostaglandin E2
Prostaglandin F2α
Protopine
O H N H H
H O HO HO
H
OH O
OH H OH
OH
OH O HO OH
N HO
OH
N H
OH
Protoverine
HCl
O
Protriptyline hydrochloride
O
O H
O
O
O O H
H
O
Prunetin
O
O
Pseudoaconitine
OH N
H O
H H N
O O
O HO
H O O
O N
H OH Pseudocodeine
OH HO N
O
OH H
HO OH
HO Pseudojervine
Pseudomorphine
N OH Pseudotropine
O
O Psoralen
O
3-448
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
9290 Pteridine
Pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidine
C6H4N4
91-18-9
132.123
9291 2,4(1H,3H)-Pteridinedione
Lumazine
C6H4N4O2
487-21-8
164.122
ye pl (bz, sub) ye-oran nd (w)
C10H16O
89-82-7
152.233
9292 Pulegone
9293 1H-Purine
6H-Imidazo[4,5-d]pyrimidine
C5H4N4
120-73-0
120.113
9294 1H-Purine-2,6-diamine 9295 Pyocyanine
2,6-Diaminopurine
C5H6N6 C13H10N2O
1904-98-9 85-66-5
150.142 210.230
9296 4H-Pyran 9297 2H-Pyran-2-one 9298 4H-Pyran-4-one
1,4-Pyran
C5H6O C5H4O2 C5H4O2
289-65-6 504-31-4 108-97-4
82.101 96.085 96.085
C11H14N2S C5H4OS C30H14O2
15686-83-6 1120-93-0 128-70-1
206.307 112.150 406.431
9299 Pyrantel 9300 4H-Pyran-4-thione 9301 8,16-Pyranthrenedione
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
139.5
sub 125
224
cry (dil al) 302 dk bl nd (w + 133 dec 1) (chlpeth) unstab oil 8.5 32.5
cry (MeOH)
80 207.5 212.5
178 49 dec
sub
51.0
115
C4H4N2
290-37-9
80.088
9303 Pyrazinecarboxamide 9304 Pyrazinecarboxylic acid 9305 2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid
Pyrazinamide Pyrazinoic acid 2,3-Dicarboxypyrazine
C5H5N3O C5H4N2O2 C6H4N2O4
98-96-4 98-97-5 89-01-0
123.113 124.098 168.107
wh nd (w, al) 192 wh nd (w) 225 dec pr (w+2) 193 dec
sub sub
9306 1H-Pyrazole
1,2-Diazole
C3H4N2
288-13-1
68.077
nd or pr (lig) 70.7
187
C16H11N
1606-67-3
217.265
C16H10
129-00-0
202.250
ye nd (hx) lf 117.5 (dil al) pa ye pl (to, 150.62 sub)
9309 Pyrethrin I
C21H28O3
121-21-1
328.445
9310 Pyrethrin II
C22H28O5
121-29-9
1.489420
1.455920 1.527025 1.5238
1700.1 dec
1.519218
372.454
visc liq
2000.1 dec
55512-33-9 289-80-5
378.916 80.088
br oil liq
27 -8
2200.1 208
9313 2-Pyridinamine
2-Aminopyridine
C5H6N2
504-29-0
94.115
lf (lig)
57.5
10520
9314 3-Pyridinamine
3-Aminopyridine
C5H6N2
462-08-8
94.115
lf (bz-lig)
64.5
252
9315 4-Pyridinamine
4-Aminopyridine
C5H6N2
504-24-5
94.115
nd (bz)
158.5
273
9316 Pyridine
Azine
C5H5N
110-86-1
79.101
liq
-41.70
9317 2-Pyridinecarbonitrile
C6H4N2
100-70-9
104.109
9318 3-Pyridinecarbonitrile
C6H4N2
100-54-9
9319 4-Pyridinecarbonitrile
C6H4N2
9320 3-Pyridinecarbothioamide 9321 4-Pyridinecarbothioamide 9322 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
1.495361
1.4203
visc liq
C19H23ClN2O2S C4H4N2
9324 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde 9325 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde oxime 9326 2-Pyridinecarboxamide
1.031161
1.27123
1,2-Diazabenzene
Nicotinaldehyde
1.20020 1.19025
404
9311 Pyridate 9312 Pyridazine
9323 3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
0.934645
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, chl; s ctc vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth, chl; s ace sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, ace; i eth; vs chl s EtOH, eth, bz msc H2O; vs ace vs H2O, chl, eth; s EtOH, bz; sl CS2 s H2O
1,4-Diazine
Benzo[def]phenanthrene
Solubility vs H2O; s EtOH; sl eth, bz vs HOAc
216.5
9302 Pyrazine
9308 Pyrene
nD
348.5
red-ye or red-br nd (PhNO2) pr (w)
9307 1-Pyrenamine
den/ g cm-3
1.519218 1.525820
1.55520 1.103523
1.56820 1.521820
115.23
0.981920
1.509520
nd or pr (eth) 29
224.5
1.081025
1.524225
104.109
nd (lig), peth-eth)
51
206.9; 170300
1.159025
100-48-1
104.109
nd(lig-eth)
83
186
C6H6N2S C6H6N2S C6H5NO
4621-66-3 2196-13-6 1121-60-4
138.190 138.190 107.110
C6H5NO
500-22-1
107.110
C6H5NO C6H6N2O C6H6N2O
872-85-5 873-69-8 1452-77-3
107.110 122.124 122.124
s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace; sl ctc s H2O, EtOH vs H2O; sl EtOH, eth, bz; s ace, MeOH s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; sl chl s EtOH, ace, hx, acid; sl chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, tol; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc, peth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc, peth i H2O msc H2O, EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz; i peth s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl chl s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl lig s H2O, eth, bz; vs EtOH; sl lig msc H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl s H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, bz; sl ctc vs H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; s chl; sl lig s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl; sl lig
192 198 dec 180; 6213
1.118125
9223
1.139425
7712 mcl pr (w)
112.5 108.3
1.538918
1.542320
s H2O, EtOH, eth, AcOEt; sl ctc s H2O, EtOH, ace, chl; sl eth, peth s H2O, eth, ctc sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-449
O N N
N
N
N
N
N H
N
Pteridine
NH2
H H O
O
N N
2,4(1H,3H)-Pteridinedione
Pulegone
N
H
N
H2N
1H-Purine
O
N
N
1H-Purine-2,6-diamine
O
N
N
N
N N
N
O
Pyocyanine
O
4H-Pyran
O
S
O
2H-Pyran-2-one
4H-Pyran-4-one
Pyrantel
O
S
O
O N O
O 4H-Pyran-4-thione
N
N
8,16-Pyranthrenedione
OH
N
Pyrazinecarboxamide
Pyrazinecarboxylic acid
NH2 OH OH
N
NH2
N
Pyrazine
O N
N
N H
O 2,3-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid
N
1H-Pyrazole
1-Pyrenamine
Pyrene
O O
O
O
O
S
O
Cl
N
O O
O
O
Pyrethrin I
Pyrethrin II
N
Pyridate
NH2 NH2 N
N
N
Pyridazine
NH2
N
2-Pyridinamine
3-Pyridinamine
N
N
4-Pyridinamine
Pyridine
N
S
S
N
N
N
2-Pyridinecarbonitrile
NH2
NH2 N 3-Pyridinecarbonitrile
N
N
N 4-Pyridinecarbonitrile
3-Pyridinecarbothioamide
O
N
4-Pyridinecarbothioamide
2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
O O N 3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
N 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde
N
N
NH2
N OH
2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde oxime
O 2-Pyridinecarboxamide
3-450
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
9327 3-Pyridinecarboxamide
Niacinamide
C6H6N2O
98-92-0
122.124
wh pw, nd (bz)
9328 4-Pyridinecarboxamide 9329 2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
Picolinic acid
C6H6N2O C6H5NO2
1453-82-3 98-98-6
122.124 123.110
157.5 nd (w, al, bz) 136.5
sub
9330 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
Nicotinic acid
C6H5NO2
59-67-6
123.110
nd (al, w)
236.6
sub
9331 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
Isonicotinic acid
C6H5NO2
55-22-1
123.110
nd(w)
315
sub 260
9332 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1-oxide Oxiniacic acid 9333 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1-oxide 9334 2,3-Pyridinediamine
C6H5NO3 C6H5NO3 C5H7N3
2398-81-4 13602-12-5 452-58-4
139.109 139.109 109.130
nd
254 dec 273 dec 120.8
1495
s H2O, EtOH, bz
9335 9336 9337 9338
C5H7N3 C5H7N3 C5H7N3 C7H5NO4
4318-76-7 141-86-6 54-96-6 89-00-9
109.130 109.130 109.130 167.120
18212 285; 1485
vs H2O, EtOH sl H2O, ace
2,5-Pyridinediamine 2,6-Pyridinediamine 3,4-Pyridinediamine 2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
2,5-Diaminopyridine
Quinolinic acid
lf or pl (dil al) nd nd or lf mcl pr (w)
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
130
1570.0005
1.40025
1.466
vs H2O, EtOH, glycerol; sl chl
110.3 121.5 219.3 228.5
9339 2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Lutidinic acid
C7H5NO4
499-80-9
167.120
lf (w+1)
249
9340 2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Isocinchomeronic acid
C7H5NO4
100-26-5
167.120
254
9341 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Dipicolinic acid
C7H5NO4
499-83-2
167.120
lf or pr (dil HCl) nd (w+3/2)
252
9342 3,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Cinchomeronic acid
C7H5NO4
490-11-9
167.120
cry (w)
256
sub
9343 3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
Dinicotinic acid
C7H5NO4
499-81-0
167.120
cry (w)
324
sub
9344 2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid anhydride 9345 2-Pyridineethanamine 9346 4-Pyridineethanamine 9347 2-Pyridineethanol
Furo[3,4-b]pyridine-5,7-dione
C7H3NO3
699-98-9
149.104
C7H10N2 C7H10N2 C7H9NO
2706-56-1 13258-63-4 103-74-2
122.167 122.167 123.152
9348 Pyridine hydrochloride
C5H6ClN
628-13-7
115.562
9349 2-Pyridinemethanamine 9350 3-Pyridinemethanamine
C6H8N2 C6H8N2
3731-51-9 3731-52-0
108.141 108.141
9351 4-Pyridinemethanamine 9352 2-Pyridinemethanol
C6H8N2 C6H7NO
3731-53-1 586-98-1
C6H7NO C6H7NO C5H5NO C8H11NO C8H11NO C5H5NO3S
9359 2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide 9360 2(1H)-Pyridinethione
-7.8 hyg pl or sc 146 (al)
213; 13150 1.022025 12110 1.030225 190200, 170100 1.09125
203; 9117 226
1.052525 1.06420
1.543125 1.55220
-7.6
230; 10311 11216, 102.58
1.07220 1.131720
1.549525 1.544420
-6.5 53 65.5 34
266 14112 14613 260.2; 1164 284; 1303
1.13120
1.545520
1.06025 1.06325 1.71325
1.529820 1.531320
liq
100-55-0 586-95-8 694-59-7 2859-68-9 2859-67-8 636-73-7
109.126 109.126 95.100 137.179 137.179 159.164
liq
C5H5NOS C5H5NS
1121-31-9 2637-34-5
127.165 111.166
9361 2-Pyridinol
C5H5NO
72762-00-6
95.100
nd (bz)
107.8
9362 3-Pyridinol
C5H5NO
109-00-2
95.100
nd (bz)
129
9363 4-Pyridinol
C5H5NO
626-64-2
95.100
149.8
>350; 25710
9364 2(1H)-Pyridinone
C5H5NO
142-08-5
95.100
pr or nd (w+1) nd (bz)
107.8
280
C5H7N3 C13H14N2O
4930-98-7 553-69-5
109.130 214.262
46.6 83.5
185140, 901
C7H7NO
1122-62-9
121.137
C7H7NO
350-03-8
121.137
13.5
220
C7H7NO
1122-54-9
121.137
16
212
3-Pyridylsulfonic acid
9365 2(1H)-Pyridinone hydrazone 9366 α-[(2-Pyridinylamino)methyl] benzenemethanol 9367 1-(2-Pyridinyl)ethanone
2-Pyridinylhydrazine Phenyramidol
9368 1-(3-Pyridinyl)ethanone
Methyl pyridyl ketone
9369 1-(4-Pyridinyl)ethanone
orth
1.533525 1.538125 1.536620
222
108.141 109.126
Nicotinyl alcohol 4-Picolyl alcohol Pyridine N-oxide
sl H2O, tfa; i EtOH, eth, bz sl H2O; s EtOH; i eth, bz, CS2 s H2O, HCl; sl EtOH; i eth, bz sl H2O, EtOH, HOAc sl H2O, EtOH, bz; i eth, i chl i H2O; sl eth, HOAc; s DMSO, HCl
25
138
-21.1
3-Pyridinemethanol 4-Pyridinemethanol Pyridine-1-oxide 2-Pyridinepropanol 3-Pyridinepropanol 3-Pyridinesulfonic acid
1.47325
0.942
liq
9353 9354 9355 9356 9357 9358
sl H2O, bz; s EtOH; i eth, chl, CS2 sl H2O, EtOH, eth sl H2O, EtOH, eth, bz vs H2O, MeOH
357 dec 70.5 130.0
cry (dil MeOH) ye in air
1.391020
1.07725
1.520320 1.534120
1.09725
vs H2O vs H2O vs H2O; sl EtOH; i eth s H2O, EtOH, bz, chl vs H2O, bz, EtOH s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, chl s H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz s H2O, EtOH, bz, chl; sl eth, DMSO s chl
1.391020
192
vs H2O vs H2O, EtOH, chl; sl eth vs H2O, EtOH, chl vs H2O vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs H2O msc H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz vs H2O, eth s chl
1.528225
s EtOH, eth, HOAc; sl ctc s H2O, EtOH, eth, acid sl EtOH, eth, acid
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds H2N
O
3-451
O
NH2
OH
N N
N 3-Pyridinecarboxamide
4-Pyridinecarboxamide
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
NH2
N O
N O
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1-oxide
N
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 1-oxide
NH2 N NH2
O
O
OH
N
OH
N O
O 2,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
O
O OH
OH
N
NH2
HO
2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
O
N
2,5-Pyridinediamine
O
O
N 3,4-Pyridinediamine
HO HO
NH2
HO OH OH
NH2
H2N
2,3-Pyridinediamine
O
N
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
O
OH
2,6-Pyridinediamine
N
N
2-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
HO
O
OH
O
O
H2N
HO
O
2,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
O
O
HO
O
OH N
N
O
2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
O
N
3,4-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid anhydride
NH2 HCl N
NH2
N
2-Pyridineethanamine
N
4-Pyridineethanamine
OH 2-Pyridineethanol
NH2
N
N Pyridine hydrochloride
2-Pyridinemethanamine
NH2
OH
NH2
OH N
N 3-Pyridinemethanamine
OH
N
4-Pyridinemethanamine
N
N
2-Pyridinemethanol
3-Pyridinemethanol
O H S O
OH
N O
OH
N
Pyridine-1-oxide
N
2-Pyridinepropanol
4-Pyridinemethanol
N O
N
3-Pyridinepropanol
3-Pyridinesulfonic acid
SH
2-Pyridinethiol, 1-oxide
OH OH N H
S N
2(1H)-Pyridinethione
OH
2-Pyridinol
N
N H
N
3-Pyridinol
4-Pyridinol
O
2(1H)-Pyridinone
O N
N H
N
N H
NH2
2(1H)-Pyridinone hydrazone
O
N OH
Îą-[(2-Pyridinylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol
O 1-(2-Pyridinyl)ethanone
N 1-(3-Pyridinyl)ethanone
N 1-(4-Pyridinyl)ethanone
3-452
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
9370 N-(2-Pyridinylmethyl)-2pyridinemethanamine 9371 N-2-Pyridinyl-2-pyridinamine
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C12H13N3
1539-42-0
199.251
C10H9N3
1202-34-2
171.198
C8H10ClNO3 C8H10NO6P
65-22-5 54-47-7
203.623 247.142
C8H12N2O2
85-87-0
C8H14Cl2N2O2 C8H12ClNO3
Physical Form
mp/˚C
90.5
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
20010, 1391
1.107425
1.575725
307.5
165 dec 141
168.193
orth wh-ye pow or cry cry
524-36-7 58-56-0
241.115 205.639
pl (al) pl (al, ace)
226 dec 207
C15H11N3O
85-85-8
249.267
red-br cry
130
1141-59-9 91-84-9 109-12-6 591-54-8 289-95-2
215.208 285.384 95.103 95.103 80.088
red-br cry
187 dec
nd (AcOEt) pl (AcOEt)
1,3-Diazine
C11H9N3O2 C17H23N3O C4H5N3 C4H5N3 C4H4N2
127.5 151.5 22
9383 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone
Alloxan
C4H2N2O4
50-71-5
142.070
9384 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone 5-oxime 9385 2,4,6-Pyrimidinetriamine 9386 Pyriminil 9387 Pyrithione zinc
Violuric acid
C4H3N3O4
87-39-8
157.085
pa ye orth
203 dec
C4H7N5 C13H12N4O3 C10H8N2O2S2Zn
1004-38-2 53558-25-1 13463-41-7
125.133 272.259 317.722
solid wh solid
248 dec 224 dec 262
9388 Pyrocatechol
1,2-Benzenediol
C6H6O2
120-80-9
110.111
cry
104.6
245
9389 L-Pyroglutamic acid 9390 Pyrolan 9391 Pyrrobutamine
5-Oxo-L-proline
C5H7NO3 C13H15N3O2 C20H22ClN
98-79-3 87-47-8 91-82-7
129.115 245.277 311.849
cry
162 50 49
1610.2 1920.3
C4H5N
109-97-7
67.090
liq
-23.39
129.79
1003-29-8 634-97-9 931-03-3 541-59-3 123-75-1
95.100 111.100 111.100 97.073 71.121
orth pr (peth) lf (w) nd (lig) pl (bz) col liq
46.5 208 dec 161.5 94 -57.79
218
Azacyclopentane
C5H5NO C5H5NO2 C5H5NO2 C4H3NO2 C4H9N
9398 1-Pyrrolidineethanamine 9399 1-Pyrrolidineethanol 9400 1-[4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]2-pyrrolidinone 9401 3-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, (S)
Oxotremorine
C6H14N2 C6H13NO C12H18N2O
7154-73-6 2955-88-6 70-22-4
114.188 115.173 206.283
Nornicotine
C9H12N2
494-97-3
148.204
9402 2-Pyrrolidone
γ-Butyrolactam
9372 Pyridoxal hydrochloride 9373 Pyridoxal 5-phosphate 9374 Pyridoxamine 9375 Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride 9376 Pyridoxine hydrochloride
9377 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol 9378 9379 9380 9381 9382
4-(2’-Pyridylazo)resorcinol Pyrilamine 2-Pyrimidinamine 4-Pyrimidinamine Pyrimidine
9392 Pyrrole
9393 9394 9395 9396 9397
1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde 1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid 1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione Pyrrolidine
Vitamin B6 Pyridoxal 5-(dihydrogen phosphate) 4-(Aminomethyl)-5-hydroxy-6methyl-3-pyridinemethanol 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4pyridinedimethanol hydrochloride PAN PAR
1-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3phenyl-2-butenyl]pyrrolidine Imidole
3-Pyrrolecarboxylic acid
sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz vs H2O; sl EtOH
198
256 dec
s EtOH, acid vs H2O; sl EtOH vs H2O
sub
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl 2015 sub 1.499820
123.8 sub
1.34420
1.60425
0.969820
1.508520
1.593916
sub 86.56
1.2493106 0.858620 1.443120
pa ye liq
166; 6823 187; 8013 1240.1
0.90125 0.975020 0.99125
1.468720 1.471320 1.516020
hyg
270
1.073719
1.537818
12
616-45-5
85.105
cry (peth)
25
251; 133
9403 1-(1H-Pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone 9404 Pyruvic acid
C6H7NO C3H4O3
1072-83-9 127-17-3
109.126 88.062
mcl nd (w)
90 13.8
220 dec 165; 5410 1.227220
9405 Pyrvinium chloride 9406 1,1’:4’,1’’:4’’,1’’’-Quaterphenyl
C26H28ClN3 C24H18
548-84-5 135-70-6
417.973 306.400
red pow (w) 250 dec 320
9407 Quercetin
C15H10O7
117-39-5
302.236
ye nd (dil al, 316.5 + 2 w)
C21H20O11
522-12-3
448.377
C30H46O5
631-01-6
486.683
pa ye nd or 170 pl (+2w, dil al) nd (dil al) 294
C23H30ClN3O C21H23IN2 C19H24N2O2
83-89-6 117-92-0 464-85-7
399.956 430.325 312.406
Quercetin-3-L-rhamnoside
9409 Quillaic acid 9410 Quinacrine 9411 Quinaldine Red 9412 Quinamine
Mepacrine
ye oil dk red pow pr (bz), nd (80% al)
42818
sub
1.120
20
C4H7NO
9408 Quercitrin
Solubility
1.4806
30
1.428020
s H2O; sl chl vs H2O, EtOH msc H2O; s EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz, HOAc sl H2O; s EtOH
s chl, DMSO, DMF vs H2O, bz, eth, EtOH s DMSO s ctc, CS2
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl sl chl, lig s H2O, EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, eth msc H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl bz, chl
vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl, CS2 s H2O, EtOH, eth msc H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace i H2O, EtOH, eth, chl; s bz, PhNO2, HOAc sl H2O, eth, MeOH; s EtOH, ace, py i H2O, eth; s EtOH, HOAc, MeOH, alk vs ace, eth, py, EtOH
87 185.5
s H2O; vs EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, bz; s eth, ace
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-453 O
N
OH
HO
H N
N
N
N-(2-Pyridinylmethyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine
N H
N
P
HO
HCl
OH
O
N
N-2-Pyridinyl-2-pyridinamine
NH2
O
O
HO
OH
HO N
N
Pyridoxal hydrochloride
Pyridoxal 5-phosphate
Pyridoxamine
N OH
NH2 OH 2HCl
HO
N
OH
HO
N OH
HCl
N
N N
N
N
Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride
1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol
N
O N
N
N H
4-Pyrimidinamine
Pyrimidine
2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone
NH2
O N
O
Pyrilamine
O HON
NH O
NH2 NH
N
N
2-Pyrimidinamine
N H
O
O
OH
4-(2’-Pyridylazo)resorcinol
O NH2 N
N
HO
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
N
N
O
N H
N
O
H2N
2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinetetrone 5-oxime
N
NH2
2,4,6-Pyrimidinetriamine
Cl O
OH S
N H
N O
N Pyriminil
Zn
O N
N OH
O
N H
S
Pyrithione zinc
Pyrocatechol
N
OH
N
O
N
O
O
L-Pyroglutamic acid
Pyrolan
Pyrrobutamine
O O
N H
N H Pyrrole
1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde
OH
OH
N H
O
N H
O
1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid
1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid
N H
O
N
N H
1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione
NH2
Pyrrolidine
1-Pyrrolidineethanamine
O
H N
N OH
N H
N N
O
1-Pyrrolidineethanol
1-[4-(1-Pyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-2-pyrrolidinone
3-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, (S)
N H
O
N H
2-Pyrrolidone
OH O
O
1-(1H-Pyrrol-2-yl)ethanone
Pyruvic acid
O O
HO CH3 N
OH OH OH O
OH O
N
OH Cl
N HO
OH
O
HO
OH
O
OH
OH Pyrvinium chloride
1,1’:4’,1’’:4’’,1’’’-Quaterphenyl
Quercetin
Quercitrin
OH
OH
H
HN O OH
N H
N N
O
HO
I O
N
Quillaic acid
Quinacrine
Cl Quinaldine Red
N Quinamine
O H N
3-454
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
9413 Quinazoline
1,3-Benzodiazine
C8H6N2
253-82-7
130.147
ye pl (peth)
48
241
9414 Quinclorac
3,7-Dichloroquinoline-8carboxylic acid
C10H5Cl2NO2
84087-01-4
242.059
274
1.75
9415 Quinethazone 9416 Quinic acid
C10H12ClN3O3S C7H12O6
73-49-4 77-95-2
289.738 192.166
162.5
1.6425
9417 Quinidine
C20H24N2O2
56-54-2
324.417
9418 Quinine
6’-Methoxycinchonan-9-ol, (8α,9R)
C20H24N2O2
130-95-0
324.417
9419 Quinine hydrochloride
6’-Methoxycinchonan-9-ol monohydrochloride, (8 α,9R)
C20H25ClN2O2
130-89-2
360.878
804-63-7 84-31-1 580-22-3
746.912 322.401 144.173
cry (+2.5w, dil al)
1.62515
159
2-Aminoquinoline
C40H50N4O8S C20H22N2O2 C9H8N2
9423 3-Quinolinamine
3-Aminoquinoline
C9H8N2
580-17-6
144.173
9424 4-Quinolinamine
4-Aminoquinoline
C9H8N2
578-68-7
144.173
9425 5-Quinolinamine
5-Aminoquinoline
C9H8N2
611-34-7
144.173
9426 6-Quinolinamine
6-Aminoquinoline
C9H8N2
580-15-4
144.173
9427 8-Quinolinamine
8-Aminoquinoline
C9H8N2
578-66-5
144.173
9428 Quinoline
1-Azanaphthalene
C9H7N
91-22-5
129.159
ye nd (al) lf (eth) cry (w+2), pr (eth) pa ye nd (sub) cry (al, lig) liq
9429 9430 9431 9432
Cinchoninaldehyde Quinaldic acid 8-Carboxyquinoline
C10H7NO C10H7NO2 C10H7NO2 C9H7NS
4363-93-3 93-10-7 86-59-9 2637-37-8
157.169 173.169 173.169 161.224
nd (to-peth) 51 156 nd (w) 187 187
9433 2-Quinolinol
2-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
59-31-4
145.158
pr (MeOH)
199.5
9434 3-Quinolinol
3-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
580-18-7
145.158
201.3
9435 4-Quinolinol
4-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
611-36-9
145.158
cry (bz, dil al) nd (w+3)
210
9436 5-Quinolinol
5-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
578-67-6
145.158
nd (al), pl
226 dec
sub
9437 6-Quinolinol
6-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
580-16-5
145.158
pr (al, eth)
195
360
9438 7-Quinolinol
7-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
580-20-1
145.158
sub
9439 8-Quinolinol
8-Hydroxyquinoline
C9H7NO
148-24-3
145.158
pr (al), nd 239 (dil al-eth) nd (dil al) 75.5
9440 8-Quinolinol benzoate 9441 8-Quinolinol sulfate (2:1)
Benzoxiquine 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate
C16H11NO2 C18H16N2O6S
86-75-9 134-31-6
249.264 388.934
1,4-Benzodiazine
C30H46O5 C6H12O5 C8H6N2
465-74-7 7658-08-4 91-19-0
486.683 164.156 130.147
pl or nd cry (AcOEt) cry (peth)
9445 2(1H)-Quinoxalinone 9446 Quizalofop-Ethyl
C8H6N2O C19H17ClN2O4
1196-57-2 76578-14-8
146.146 372.802
lf (al) wh cry
9447 Radicinin 9448 Raffinose
C12H12O5 C18H32O16
10088-95-6 512-69-6
236.220 504.437
9449 Ranitidine
C13H22N4O3S
66357-35-5
314.404
9442 Quinovic acid 9443 Quinovose 9444 Quinoxaline
235.2 108 131.5
orth (w, dil 94 al) nd (bz, dil al) 154.8
sub
18012
110
310; 18410
114
18712
70
15719
-14.78
237.16
1.097715
1.626820
1224 sub
sub
267
1.03420
298 dec 139.5 28
229.5
1.133448
271 93
sub 200 2200.2
solid
69.5
1.46525
s tfa vs H2O, EtOH, HOAc sl H2O, eth; s EtOH, bz; vs chl; i peth sl H2O, ace; vs EtOH, py; s eth, chl vs H2O, EtOH, chl vs EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, chl; sl bz vs eth, EtOH, chl s H2O, bz, chl; vs EtOH, eth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz; i lig sl H2O, eth; s NH3, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, CS2; s ctc vs eth, tol s H2O; vs bz vs EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz; sl DMSO sl H2O, DMSO; vs EtOH, eth; s dil HCl i H2O; s EtOH; sl eth, chl; vs bz vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz, peth s H2O, bz, chl; sl EtOH; vs MeOH; i lig i H2O, bz, chl; sl EtOH, eth; s alk vs EtOH i H2O, eth; vs EtOH, bz, chl; s ace sl chl vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth
177.5
221.5 80
Solubility vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl chl
57
silky efflor nd (w) silky nd (w) nd, lf (eth) lf (w)
nD
174
9420 Quinine sulfate 9421 Quininone 9422 2-Quinolinamine
4-Quinolinecarboxaldehyde 2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid 8-Quinolinecarboxylic acid 2(1H)-Quinolinethione
den/ g cm-3
1.623148
vs H2O, EtOH s H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl chl i H2O; s bz, EtOH, ace, xyl sl chl s H2O, py; vs MeOH; sl EtOH; i eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-455 O
Cl Cl
N
HO
N
O
Quinazoline
Quinclorac
HO
H
HO OH
O
HCl
H
N Quinine hydrochloride
Quinidine
N
O
H2SO4
H
O N
N Quinine
N
Quinic acid
O
N
N
2
Quinine sulfate
NH2
N
OH
O
N
H
O
NH
HO
HO
HO
OH
Quinethazone
N
H
O
O S H2N O
N
HO
H N
Cl
Quininone
NH2
NH2
H2N N
N
NH2
N
2-Quinolinamine
N
3-Quinolinamine
4-Quinolinamine
NH2
N
N 5-Quinolinamine
6-Quinolinamine
N
8-Quinolinamine
Quinoline
O
HO
O
N 4-Quinolinecarboxaldehyde
OH
N
OH
N
2-Quinolinecarboxylic acid
N H
O
8-Quinolinecarboxylic acid
S
N
2(1H)-Quinolinethione
OH
N
2-Quinolinol
3-Quinolinol
N OH
O
OH
O
HO
5-Quinolinol
H
HO
N
N
N 4-Quinolinol
6-Quinolinol
COOH
N
8-Quinolinol
O
COOH
HO
HO Quinovic acid
OH OH
N H
N
Quinovose
8-Quinolinol benzoate
N
N
N
OH
OH
OH
7-Quinolinol
Quinoxaline
Cl
O
2
8-Quinolinol sulfate (2:1)
O
N
O
HO
OH O OH
O
O
2(1H)-Quinoxalinone
Quizalofop-Ethyl
O
HO O
O Radicinin
OH
O HO
O O OH
O N
OH N
HO OH Raffinose
O
O
HO HO
H2SO4
N
N
O
S Ranitidine
N H
N H
O
3-456
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
9450 Raubasine 9451 Raunescine
C21H24N2O3 C31H36N2O8
483-04-5 117-73-7
352.427 564.626
9452 Reinecke salt
C4H12CrN7OS4
13573-16-5
354.440
red cry (w)
C12H7NO4
550-82-3
229.189
9454 Rescinnamine
C35H42N2O9
24815-24-5
634.716
dk red to gr pr or pl (HOAc) nd (bz) 238.5
9455 Reserpic acid 9456 Reserpine
C22H28N2O5 C33H40N2O9
83-60-3 50-55-5
400.467 608.679
cry (MeOH) 242 lo pr (dil ace) 264.5
C22H26O3 C6H6O2
10453-86-8 108-46-3
338.439 110.111
C20H28O C20H28O
564-87-4 116-31-4
284.435 284.435
cry oran cry
64
C20H28O2 C20H28O2 C20H30O
4759-48-2 302-79-4 68-26-8
300.435 300.435 286.451
cry (EtOH) cry (MeOH) ye pr (peth)
189 181.5 63.5
C36H60O2 C8H13NO2
79-81-2 480-85-3
524.860 155.195
cry (ace)
28 121
9466 Retrorsine
C18H25NO6
480-54-6
351.395
cry (AcOEt)
212
9467 Rhamnetin
C16H12O7
90-19-7
316.262
ye nd (al)
295
C6H12O5 C6H12O5 C21H21NO6
116908-82-8 164.156 634-74-2 164.156 2718-25-4 383.395
cry (w)
151
C15H8O6
478-43-3
284.221
C10O10Re2 C15H12N6O4
14285-68-8 119-20-0
652.515 340.294
C28H32ClN2O3
81-88-9
480.018
165
C4Cl2O4Rh2
14523-22-9
388.758
red-oran cry 124
9476 Ribavirin
Dirhodium tetracarbonyl dichloride Tribavirin
C8H12N4O5
36791-04-5
244.205
9477 Ribitol
Adonitol
C5H12O5
488-81-3
152.146
9478 Riboflavin
C17H20N4O6
83-88-5
376.364
9479 9480 9481 9482 9483
C17H20N4O9P C5H10O5 C5H10O5 C5H10O5 C8H8N2O2
146-17-8 50-69-1 24259-59-4 488-84-6 524-40-3
455.336 150.130 150.130 150.130 164.162
col cry (EtOH) pr (w), nd (al) ye or oran-ye nd (w) ye cry (w) pl (al)
9484 Rifabutin
C46H62N4O11
72559-06-9
847.004
viol-red cry
9485 Rifampin
C43H58N4O12
13292-46-1
822.941
C15H25NO5 C8H8Cl3O3PS C23H22O6
6029-84-1 299-84-3 83-79-4
299.364 321.546 394.417
red-oran pl (ace) cry (ace)
9489 Rubijervine
C27H43NO2
79-58-3
413.636
9490 Rubratoxin B
C26H30O11
21794-01-4
518.509
No. Name
9453 Resazurin
9457 cis-Resmethrin, (-) 9458 Resorcinol
Synonym
7-Hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3one, 10-oxide
1,3-Benzenediol
9459 11-cis-Retinal 9460 Retinal (all trans)
Vitamin A1 aldehyde
9461 13-cis-Retinoic acid 9462 13-trans-Retinoic acid 9463 Retinol
Accutane
9464 Retinyl palmitate 9465 Retronecine, (+)
Retinol, hexadecanoate
9468 DL-α-Rhamnose 9469 D-Rhamnose 9470 Rheadine
Vitamin A
6-Deoxy-D-mannose
9471 Rhein
9472 Rhenium carbonyl 9473 Rhizopterin
Dirhenium decacarbonyl
9474 Rhodamine B 9475 Rhodium carbonyl chloride
Riboflavin-5’-phosphate D-Ribose L-Ribose D-Ribulose Ricinine
9486 Rinderine 9487 Ronnel 9488 Rotenone
erythro-2-Pentulose 1,2-Dihydro-4-methoxy-1methyl-2-oxo-3pyridinecarbonitrile
Echinatine-3’-epimer
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
258 dec 165
nd (bz), pl (w)
nd (chl, eth, 257 al) ye or oran nd 321 (MeOH, py) ye-wh cry lt ye pl (w)
sub
sl H2O, eth, ace; s EtOH, bz, AcOEt 276.5; 17816
1.27820
1.57825
vs H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth; sl bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, chl, cy, peth
1370.000001
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz s H2O, EtOH; sl eth sl H2O, ace; s EtOH, chl; i eth sl H2O; s EtOH, ace, PhOH; vs dil alk vs H2O, EtOH s H2O
sub sub
170 dec >300
sl H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz; vs py s os i H2O, EtOH, eth; s aq alk, aq NH3, py s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, xyl s os
2.87
175
s H2O
104
s H2O, EtOH; i eth, lig i H2O, eth, ace, chl; sl EtOH
280 dec
88 81
syrup pr or lf (w, al) 201.5
nd or lf (al, aq-ace)
i H2O; s MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, chl, HOAc s H2O, EtOH, ace; i bz i H2O, eth; sl EtOH, HOAc; s alk i H2O; sl EtOH; s ace, chl, AcOEt
270 dec
75 109.4
Solubility
s H2O; sl EtOH vs H2O s H2O, chl; sl EtOH, bz; vs py; i peth i H2O; vs chl; s MeOH; sl EtOH
sub 170
185 dec 100.5 41 176
nd (+1w, dil 242 al) cry (MeCN) 169 dec
1520.4 2150.5
1.4432
1.533535 i H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz; sl eth; vs chl vs bz, EtOH, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-457 NH3 NCS Cr SCN NCS NH3 SCN
N
N H H
H H
O
N
N H H O
H
OH
Raubasine
Raunescine
H
O
N H
N H
HO
O
O
H
O
O
O O
O O
Rescinnamine
Resazurin
O O O
H
O
cis-Resmethrin, (-)
O
O O
OH
O
O
O
O
Reserpic acid
N H
O
N
O
OH O
O
H
H
N H
N O
O
H
N H
O
O
O
O
HO
O
O O
O
H O
Reinecke salt
O
H
NH4 . H2O
O
OH
Reserpine
Resorcinol
11-cis-Retinal
Retinal (all trans)
O
O OH
HO
O
13-cis-Retinoic acid
13-trans-Retinoic acid
HO
Retinol
Retinyl palmitate
O
OH O
OH O OH
O
H
HO
O
OH
O
O H
O
OH N
OH
O
N
Retronecine, (+)
O OHHO
HO HO H H
HO
OH
Retrorsine
OH
CHO H H OH OH CH3
DL-α-Rhamnose
Rhamnetin
O
N H
H O O
O
D-Rhamnose
O
Rheadine
O
O O
O
O
OH
OH O
N
O HO
OC CO CO OC OC Re Re CO OC CO OC CO
OH Rhein
HO
O N
N O
Rhenium carbonyl
N
N
Cl
OC
NH
N
N
O
NH2
CO
Cl
OC
Rhodamine B
CO
N
HN O
O N
Riboflavin
HO
O
N CH2 H OH H OH H OH O CH2O P OH OH
OH O OH O
Riboflavin-5’-phosphate
O
CHO H OH H OH H OH CH2OH
CHO HO H HO H HO H CH2OH
D-Ribose
CH2OH O H OH H OH CH2OH
L-Ribose
O
NH
N
O
NH N
O
N
D-Ribulose
OH Ribavirin
O N
N CH2 H OH H OH H OH CH2OH
CH2OH H OH H OH H OH CH2OH Ribitol
N
HN
HO
Rhodium carbonyl chloride
O O
N
Rh
Rh
Cl
Rhizopterin
NH2
O N
O
O
N
Ricinine
Rifabutin
O HO
O
O
HO
N O
OH O Rifampin
O
O
H O
OH
N
O
H
H
Rinderine
NH O
OH
O
OH O OH OH
O
O
Cl
N
O
N
Cl
Cl Ronnel
S O P O
O
O
O H H
OH
H
H
N
H H
HO Rotenone
Rubijervine
H
O
OH O
H H
O O HO
O OH O Rubratoxin B
3-458
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C18H13N3O
84-26-4
287.315
C12O12Ru3 C15H21O6Ru C12H22O10
15243-33-1 14284-93-6 90-74-4
639.33 398.39 326.297
ye nd (al, AcOEt) oran cry
C29H47NO8 C7H5NO3S
124-80-1 81-07-2
537.685 183.185
C7H4NNaO3S
128-44-9
205.168
C10H14O
116-26-7
150.217
C10H10O2
94-59-7
162.185
mcl
C16H14CoN2O2
14167-18-1
325.227
C7H6O2
90-02-8
122.122
red cry (DMF) liq
9502 Salicylaldoxime
C7H7NO2
94-67-7
137.137
9503 Salsoline
C11H15NO2
89-31-6
193.243
pow or cry (al)
221.5
C12H14As2Cl2N2O2 139-93-5 2447-54-3 C20H15NO5
439.001 349.337
ye hyg pow cry (eth, al)
190 dec 266
9506 α-Santalol 9507 β-Santalol 9508 Santonic acid
C15H24O C15H24O C15H20O4
115-71-9 77-42-9 510-35-0
220.351 220.351 264.318
cry
9509 α-Santonin
C15H18O3
481-06-1
246.302
orth (w, eth) 175
No. Name
Synonym
9491 Rutecarpine 9492 Ruthenium dodecacarbonyl 9493 Ruthenium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate 9494 Rutinose
Triruthenium dodecacarbonyl Ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate
9495 Sabadine 9496 Saccharin
9497 Saccharin sodium 9498 Safranal
9499 Safrole 9500 Salcomine 9501 Salicylaldehyde
9504 Salvarsan dihydrochloride 9505 Sanguinarine
1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1,1dioxide, sodium salt 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1,3cyclohexadiene-1carboxaldehyde 5-(2-Propenyl)-1,3benzodioxole N,N’-Bis(salicylidene) ethylenediaminocobalt(II) 2-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
Arsphenamine
mp/˚C
0.82825
701
0.973419
1.528119
vs EtOH, peth
11.2
234.5
1.100020
1.538120
i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth, chl s bz, chl, py
-7
197
1.167420
1.574020
301.5 16710 28515
0.967920 0.975020
1.502320 1.511520
sl H2O, chl; msc EtOH; vs ace, bz sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz; s chl; i lig sl H2O, EtOH; i eth, peth; s chl, alk vs H2O vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH
229
57
171
89.094 390.513
cry (al) 212 dec pr (95% al, 280 MeOH-eth)
9512 Sarpagan-17-al 9513 Sarpagan-10,17-diol 9514 Saxitoxin dihydrochloride
Vellosimine Sarpagine
C19H20N2O C19H22N2O2 C10H19Cl2N7O4
6874-98-2 482-68-8 35554-08-6
292.374 310.390 372.209
cry (MeOH) 305.5 nd 320 hyg wh solid
9515 Scarlet red
C24H20N4O
85-83-6
380.442
9516 Schradan
C8H24N4O3P2
152-16-9
286.250
dk br pow or 185; dec 260 nd 17 1542.0
9517 Scilliroside
C32H44O12
507-60-8
620.684
lo pr (dil MeOH)
9518 Scopolamine
C17H21NO4
51-34-3
303.354
visc liq
9519 Scopoline
C8H13NO2
487-27-4
155.195
hyg nd (lig, eth, chl, peth) lf
108.5
248
1.0891134
130.9
353.9; 295100
1.270520
C10H18O4
111-20-6
202.248
9521 Selenium methionine
Selenomethionine
C5H11NO2Se
1464-42-2
196.11
CH2Se CH4N2Se CH6ClN3O C18H25NO5
6596-50-5 630-10-4 563-41-7 130-01-8
92.99 123.02 111.531 335.396
hex pl 265 dec (MeOH aq) unstab gas pr or nd (w) pr (dil al) 176 dec pl 232
C18H23NO5
480-81-9
333.380
pl (AcOEt)
C19H27NO6 C9H11N5O3 C3H7NO3
2318-18-5 17094-01-8 302-84-1
365.420 237.215 105.093
pl (ace) 197 ye pow or cry mcl pr or lf 246 dec (w)
6-Lactoyl-7,8-dihydropterin
1.0925
dec
Decanedioic acid
9527 Senkirkin 9528 L-Sepiapterin 9529 DL-Serine
sub 180
169
9520 Sebacic acid
sl H2O; s chl, eth, HOAc, EtOH sl H2O, EtOH, eth; s bz, chl; i peth s H2O i H2O, eth, bz; s EtOH; sl ace, chl
1.59025
107-97-1 76-28-8
9526 Seneciphylline
vs ace, EtOH sl H2O, bz, eth, chl; s ace, EtOH s H2O
sub
C3H7NO2 C23H34O5
Carbamimidoselenoic acid
Solubility
vs H2O, EtOH
N-Methylglycine
Selenoformaldehyde Selenourea Semicarbazide hydrochloride Senecionine
nD
sl EtOH, ace, bz
9510 Sarcosine 9511 Sarmentogenin
9522 9523 9524 9525
den/ g cm-3
259.5
dec 150 230 hyg pow (al, 190 dec eth) nd (eth) 258 nd (ace) pr 228 dec (al), lf (w)
wh cry
bp/˚C
dec 200
1.46225
1.422133
i H2O; s EtOH vs H2O, MeOH, EtOH i H2O; sl ace, bz; vs chl, peth vs H2O, EtOH, chl sl H2O, ace, chl; vs EtOH, diox; i eth vs hot H2O, EtOH, ace; sl bz s H2O
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth; i bz
vs H2O vs H2O i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; s chl s chl; sl EtOH, ace; i eth
217 dec
1.60322
s H2O; i EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-459
H
N OH
O N
N H
OC CO OC CO Ru CO OC
O
N
OC Ru OC OC
Rutecarpine
Ru CO
O
O
O
CO CO
O
O
H
OH OH OH HO
Ruthenium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate
O
OH OH
Rutinose
Sabadine
OH O
N Na
NH
Saccharin
O
O
S O O
S O O
OH
H
HO
O
O
OH OH OH
H
H O
O
Ruthenium dodecacarbonyl
O O
HO
Rh
O
Saccharin sodium
Safranal
Safrole
N
N N Co O O
OH
OH
Salcomine
Salicylaldehyde
Salicylaldoxime
O As HO
O
2HCl N
NH2
NH
O
OH
O
OH Salsoline
H
O
2
Salvarsan dihydrochloride
α-Santalol
Sanguinarine
O
β-Santalol
HO
O O α-Santonin
N HH
OH HO
OH
HO
O
O
H N
Santonic acid
O
H O
O O
H HO
CH2OH
O
OH
N
N HH
N
H
Sarcosine
Sarmentogenin
Sarpagan-17-al
Sarpagan-10,17-diol
O O
H2N
OH
O H H N
O HN HN
OH N
NH 2HCl N
N
HO
N
N
O O N P O P N N N
N H OH OH
Saxitoxin dihydrochloride
OH O O
Scarlet red
O
OH HO
O
OH
Schradan
Scilliroside
N O OH HO
HO O
OH Sebacic acid
O H2N
N H
NH2
HCl
Semicarbazide hydrochloride
N Senecionine
O
O H N Seneciphylline
NH2
Selenourea
O
O O
H2N
H
Selenoformaldehyde
OH
O H O H
H
Selenium methionine
HO
HO
Se
Se
OH NH2
Scopoline
O
Se
O
O
Scopolamine
O
O
N
O
O
O
O O N Senkirkin
O
O
O N
OH
N H
O
NH N
L-Sepiapterin
NH2
OH
HO NH2 DL-Serine
3-460
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C3H7NO3
312-84-5
105.093
dec
C3H7NO3
56-45-1
105.093
C21H20N2O3
18786-24-8
348.395
nd or hex pr 229 dec (w) hex pl or pr 228 dec (w) 175
C15H12Cl2O3
94-83-7
311.160
cry
1851.5
C8H7Cl2NaO5S
136-78-7
309.100
9535 Sethoxydim 9536 Shikimic acid
C17H29NO3S C7H10O5
74051-80-2 138-59-0
327.482 174.151
nd
184
9537 Siduron
C14H20N2O
1982-49-6
232.321
cry solid
135
C9H7Cl3O3
93-72-1
269.509
181.6
C7H12ClN5
122-34-9
201.657
226
14929-11-4 530-59-6
469.354 224.210
cry wh pow
52
115-53-7
329.391
nd (bz)
162
C30H50O
474-40-8
426.717
nd (al)
166
C6H7AsNNaO3
127-85-5
239.037
wh cry
C6H7NaO6 C6H5NaO2S C6H5NaO3S C7H5NaO2 C2H6AsNaO2 C3H3Cl2NaO2 C5H10NNaS2
134-03-2 873-55-2 515-42-4 532-32-1 124-65-2 127-20-8 148-18-5
198.106 164.158 180.157 144.104 159.980 164.951 171.260
cry cry
20624-25-3
225.306
orth cry (ace) 95
129-96-4
364.260
C3H7NNaS2 C18H29NaO3S
128-04-1 2211-98-5
144.215 348.476
wh nd or lf (w) col cry (w) cry
C12H25NaO4S C2H5NaO
151-21-3 141-52-6
288.379 68.050
wh pow 205 hyg wh pow 260 dec
C2H2FNaO2
62-74-8
100.024
wh mcl cry
200
Sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate Sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate
CH3NaO4S
870-72-4
134.088
CH3NaO3S
149-44-0
118.088
cry (EtOH aq) cry (w)
63 (hyd)
9561 Sodium gluconate 9562 Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate Monosodium 2hydroxyethanesulfonate 9563 Sodium 2-hydroxy-2Monosodium 2-hydroxy-2propanesulfonate propanesulfonate 9564 Sodium iodomethanesulfonate Methiodal sodium 9565 Sodium O-isopropyl xanthate
C6H11NaO7 C2H5NaO4S
527-07-1 1562-00-1
218.137 148.114
C3H7NaO4S
540-92-1
162.141
cry
CH2INaO3S C4H7NaOS2
126-31-8 140-93-2
243.984 158.218
9566 Sodium methanolate
CH3NaO
124-41-4
54.024
CH4AsNaO3
2163-80-6
161.953
cry hyg wh-ye pow wh hyg tetr cry cry (w)
137-42-8 521-24-4
129.180 260.199
113-24-6
110.044
139-02-6
116.093
No. Name
Synonym
9530 D-Serine 9531 L-Serine
2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, (S)
9532 Serpentine alkaloid 9533 Sesin 9534 Sesone
9538 Silvex 9539 Simazine 9540 Simfibrate 9541 Sinapinic acid
9542 Sinomenine
9543 α1-Sitosterol 9544 Sodium arsanilate 9545 9546 9547 9548 9549 9550 9551
Sodium ascorbate Sodium benzenesulfinate Sodium benzenesulfonate Sodium benzoate Sodium cacodylate Sodium 2,2-dichloropropanoate Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
9552 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate 9553 Sodium 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7naphthalenedisulfonic acid 9554 Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 9555 Sodium 4dodecylbenzenesulfonate 9556 Sodium dodecyl sulfate 9557 Sodium ethanolate
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyethyl benzoate Sodium 2-(2,4dichlorophenoxy)ethyl sulfate
Propanoic acid, 2-(2,4,5trichlorophenoxy)1,3,5-Triazine-2,4-diamine, 6chloro-N,N’-diethyl-
C23H26Cl2O6 3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5C11H12O5 dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid C19H23NO4
4-Methylstigmasta-7,24(28)dien-3-ol, (3β,4α,5α,24Z) Sodium (4-aminophenyl) arsonate
Monosodium benzenesulfonate Sodium dimethylarsonate Dithiocarb sodium
Diethyldithiocarbamate sodium C5H16NNaO3S2 salt trihydrate Chromotropic acid disodium salt C10H6Na2O8S2
Sodium lauryl sulfate Sodium ethoxide
9558 Sodium fluoroacetate 9559 Sodium formaldehyde bisulfite 9560 Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate
Sodium methoxide
9567 Sodium methylarsonate 9568 Sodium methyldithiocarbamate 9569 Sodium β-naphthoquinone-4sulfonate 9570 Sodium 2-oxopropanoate
Metham sodium C2H4NNaS2 Sodium 3,4-dihydro-3,4-dioxo- C10H5NaO5S 1-naphthalenesulfonate C3H3NaO3
9571 Sodium phenolate
Sodium phenoxide
C6H5NaO
mp/˚C
66
bp/˚C
sub 150
den/ g cm-3
1.622
nD
Solubility vs H2O; i EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc s H2O; i EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace
245 dec
gran cry hyg pow cry (EtOH)
>900.00003 subl
1.04325 sl EtOH; i eth, bz, chl s EtOH, DMF, CH2Cl2
1.30220 2250.15 i H2O; s MeOH, ace sl H2O, eth, bz; s EtOH, ace, dil alk vs EtOH, chl s H2O
218 dec 300 >300 >300 60 (hyd) 166 dec 95
s H2O; sl EtOH s H2O vs H2O; s EtOH s H2O, EtOH, MeOH, ace; i eth, bz vs H2O; s EtOH, ace; i bz, eth vs H2O
121 (hyd) 144
reac H2O; s EtOH i ace, chl; sl EtOH, MeOH
s H2O; i EtOH, bz, eth s H2O s H2O s H2O; sl EtOH sl EtOH, ace, bz
150 dec 300 115
cry (w)
reac H2O; s MeOH, EtOH vs H2O; s MeOH; i os vs H2O
287 dec
hyg cry
384
s H2O; sl abs EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH, thf
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-461
N
N O
H
O OH
HO
O
OH
HO
NH2
NH2
D-Serine
L-Serine
H
O O
O
O
Cl
HO
O
N
HO
O
Cl
NH OH
N
Cl
OH
Sethoxydim
O O
N H
OH
O
Sesone
O HN
Cl
Cl
Shikimic acid
O
Cl
Sesin
O S
Cl
Cl
Serpentine alkaloid
O O S O Na
O
O
Siduron
N N
Silvex
N H
Simazine
O O O O
O
O
OH
HO
Simfibrate
HO
Sodium arsanilate
O S
O O Na
Sodium benzenesulfinate
Îą1-Sitosterol
O
O Na O
Na
N
S
3H2O
Sodium benzoate
O Na Cl
Sodium 2,2-dichloropropanoate
SO3 Na
Na O3S
S
N
Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate
Cl
Sodium cacodylate
Na
OH OH Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
O
O As O Na
O Na
Sodium benzenesulfonate
S
S S
S
H
Sinomenine
OH
Sodium ascorbate
Na
HO
O
Sinapinic acid
CH2O Na OH O O
N
O O
Cl
NH2
H
O
Cl
O HO As O Na
HO
O
O
Sodium 4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid
S
N
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
O Na O S O
Na
O S O O O
Sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
HO
O S
H HO H H O Na
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate
COO Na OH H OH OH CH2OH
Sodium gluconate
O Na O
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
HO
O S O Na O
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium ethanolate
HO
O S O Na O
Sodium 2-hydroxy-2-propanesulfonate
F
O Na
Sodium fluoroacetate
I
O S O Na O
HO
O S O Na O
Sodium iodomethanesulfonate
Sodium formaldehyde bisulfite
S HS
O
Sodium O-isopropyl xanthate
O O
Na O CH3 Sodium methanolate
O HO As O Na Sodium methylarsonate
Na S
O Na
O
S N H
Sodium methyldithiocarbamate
O S O O Na Sodium β-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate
O Na O Sodium 2-oxopropanoate
Sodium phenolate
3-462
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C3H5NaO2 137-40-6 C20H8Br4Na2O10S2 71-67-0
96.061 837.998
hyg cry
9574 Sodium tartrate 9575 Sodium tartrate dihydrate 9576 Sodium tetraphenylborate
C4H4Na2O6 C4H8Na2O8 C24H20BNa
868-18-8 6106-24-7 143-66-8
194.051 230.082 342.217
nd
300
9577 9578 9579 9580
Sodium trichloroacetate Sodium trifluoroacetate Solanid-5-ene-3,18-diol, (3 β) Solanine
C2Cl3NaO2 C2F3NaO2 C27H43NO2 C45H73NO15
650-51-1 2923-18-4 468-45-1 20562-02-1
185.369 136.005 413.636 868.060
ye-wh pow cry pr(al) nd (EtOH aq)
300 207 dec 242.5 286 dec
9581 9582 9583 9584 9585
Solanone Soman Sophoricoside Sorbitan oleate L-Sorbose
C13H22O C7H16FO2P C21H20O10 C24H44O6 C6H12O6
1937-54-8 96-64-0 152-95-4 1338-43-8 87-79-6
194.313 182.173 432.378 428.602 180.155
9586 Sparteine
C15H26N2
90-39-1
234.380
9587 9588 9589 9590 9591
C8H8O5 C24H32O4S C5H8 C27H45NO2 C27H43NO2
85-23-4 52-01-7 157-40-4 77-59-8 126-17-0
184.147 416.574 68.118 415.652 413.636
red-bl
lf (bz), nd 271.5 (eth) lf (al +1w) pr 205.5 (ace)
No. Name 9572 Sodium propanoate 9573 Sodium sulfobromophthalein
Synonym
Mol. Form.
Sulfobromophthalein sodium
Isorubijervine
L-Sorbinose
Spinulosin Spironolactone Spiro[2.2]pentane Spirosolan-3-ol, (3β,5α,22β,25S) Tomatidine Spirosol-5-en-3-ol, (3β,22α,25R) Solasodine
CAS RN
9592 Spirostan-2,3-diol, (2α,3β,5α,25R) 9593 Spirostan-3-ol, (3β,5α,25R)
Gitogenin
C27H44O4
511-96-6
432.636
Tigogenin
C27H44O3
77-60-1
416.636
9594 Spirostan-3-ol, (3β,5β,25R) 9595 Spirostan-3-ol, (3β,5β,25S)
Smilagenin Sarsasapogenin
C27H44O3 C27H44O3
126-18-1 126-19-2
416.636 416.636
9596 Spirostan-2,3,15-triol, (2α,3β,5α,15β,25R) 9597 Spirost-5-en-3-ol, (3β,25R) 9598 Spiro[5.5]undecane 9599 S-Propyl thioacetate 9600 Squalene
Digitogenin
C27H44O5
511-34-2
448.635
Diosgenin
C27H42O3 C11H20 C5H10OS C30H50
512-04-9 180-43-8 2307-10-0 111-02-4
Octadecanoic acid
C7H13NO2 C21H32N2O C18H36O C18H36O2
Octadecanoic anhydride
mp/˚C
165
0.87020
1.475520
0.986 1.61217
1.480020
30.5
325; 1738
1.019620
1.531220
202.5
sub 120 134 39
0.726620
1.412020
liq -107.0 pl 210.5 hex pl (sub) 202
205.5
oil
-4.8
471-87-4 10418-03-8 638-66-4 57-11-4
143.184 328.491 268.478 284.478
cry (w+1) cry (EtOH) nd (peth) mcl lf (al)
235 ≈236
C36H70O3
638-08-4
550.939
7-Dehydrositosterol Stigmasterol
C18H12O6 C29H48O C29H48O
10048-13-2 521-04-0 83-48-7
324.284 412.690 412.690
β-Sitosterol
C29H52O C29H50O
83-45-4 83-46-5
416.722 414.706
9611 Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24S) 9612 cis-Stilbene
γ-Sitosterol cis-1,2-Diphenylethene
C29H50O C14H12
83-47-6 645-49-8
414.706 180.245
cry (EtOH)
9613 trans-Stilbene
trans-1,2-Diphenylethene
C14H12
103-30-0
180.245
cry (al)
9614 Streptomycin
N-Methyl-LC21H39N7O12 glucosamidinostreptosidostrep tidine C42H84N14O36S3 C8H15N3O7 C23H32O6
57-92-1
581.575
hyg pow
3810-74-0 18883-66-4 66-28-4
1457.383 pow 265.221 pl 404.496 orth tab (MeOH-w) lf (w+2)
9615 Streptomycin sulfate 9616 Streptozotocin 9617 Strophanthidin
sl H2O s H2O; i EtOH, ace s H2O s H2O; i EtOH s H2O, EtOH, ace; sl eth, chl; i peth s H2O, EtOH
274 ye oil orth (al)
cry (ace)
9606 Sterigmatocystin 9607 Stigmasta-5,7-dien-3-ol, (3β) 9608 Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3β,22E) 9609 Stigmastan-3-ol, (3β,5α) 9610 Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24R)
Solubility
vs bz, chl i H2O, eth, chl; s hot EtOH 601
414.620 152.277 118.197 410.718
9605 Stearic acid anhydride
nD
liq
281.5
Stachydrine Stanozolol Stearaldehyde Stearic acid
den/ g cm-3
1.54525
nd (ace) lo pr, nd (ace) nd (al)
9601 9602 9603 9604
bp/˚C
s EtOH, eth s EtOH, ace, bz, diox, py; sl eth; vs chl i H2O; s EtOH, chl; sl eth s EtOH, eth, ace, ctc, MeOH, peth vs ace, bz, EtOH s EtOH, ace, bz, chl vs chl
185 200.5
69.3
vs EtOH 208 137.9 421.3; 28017
pl (al)
0.878320 0.953525 0.858420
1.4731 1.499020
i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ace, ctc vs H2O, EtOH
261 dec 350; 23215 0.940820
1.429980
0.836582
1.436280
i H2O; sl EtOH, bz; s ace, chl, CS2 i H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz
72 ye nd
246 dec 144.5 170
vs bz, eth, EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH
144 137 148 -5
14112
1.014320
1.613020
124.2
307; 16612
0.970720
1.626417
≈230 dec 115 dec 173 dec
i H2O; s EtOH s H2O; sl EtOH, eth, MeOH vs eth, EtOH, chl sl H2O; s alk
s EtOH, eth, HOAc s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, chl i H2O; sl EtOH, chl; vs eth, bz s H2O
s H2O, EtOH i H2O, eth; s EtOH, ace, bz, HOAc, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-463 O
HO
SO3Na OH
NaO3S
Cl Cl
Br O
O
H HO
Br O
Br
O Na Sodium propanoate
O Na
Sodium sulfobromophthalein
COO Na OH H COO Na
Sodium tartrate
Sodium trichloroacetate
COO Na OH H COO Na
H HO
H
HO
Cl
Na
Br B
O
2H2O
F F
Sodium tartrate dihydrate
H
Sodium tetraphenylborate
N
H O Na HO
F
Solanid-5-ene-3,18-diol, (3β)
Sodium trifluoroacetate
HO O H H H
Solanone
HO
HO
HO
HO
O O
CH3
OH
O OH
OH OH
O
Soman
OH
Sophoricoside
CH2OH O HO H H OH HO H CH2OH
O
OH
Solanine
OH
OH
O
HO
O
HO
O O
O O OH
O P O F
N
HO
O
OH
O
Sorbitan oleate
O OH
H
N HO
N
L-Sorbose
O
H
O Spinulosin
Sparteine
O H N
O H
H
O
H
O
S
H HO
O Spironolactone
Spiro[2.2]pentane
H
O
O H
H
Spirosolan-3-ol, (3β,5α,22β,25S)
HO
Spirosol-5-en-3-ol, (3β,22α,25R)
O
H
HO
H Spirostan-2,3-diol, (2α,3β,5α,25R)
H Spirostan-3-ol, (3β,5α,25R)
O
O
H
HO
Spiro[5.5]undecane
O
H
O
OH HO
HO
H
Spirostan-3-ol, (3β,5β,25R)
HO
H
Spirostan-3-ol, (3β,5β,25S)
S
HO
H
Spirostan-2,3,15-triol, (2α,3β,5α,15β,25R)
Spirost-5-en-3-ol, (3β,25R)
S-Propyl thioacetate
O
OH Squalene
O
H
O
O
O
O
O
H
HO
HO
H
O H
H N
H
Stearaldehyde
H
O O
O
N
HN
O
H
Stachydrine
OH O
O
OH
N
O
Stanozolol
Stearic acid
Stearic acid anhydride
O
H
O
O H
H O
HO Stigmasta-5,7-dien-3-ol, (3β)
Sterigmatocystin
HO
HO
NH
NH
H2N
O
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24S)
H3C
O H3C
O
Streptomycin
O
3H2SO4
CHO
O HO O
OH O O
HO
OH
CH2OH MeHN
OH
OH
trans-Stilbene
O
CHO
CH2OH MeHN
cis-Stilbene
HO
HO
OH O O
HO
NH
NH OH
HO
HO
HO
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β,24R)
NH NH2
NH NH2 OH
H
HO
Stigmastan-3-ol, (3β,5α)
NH
NH H2N
H
Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3β,22E)
HN 2
Streptomycin sulfate
O
OH
H
HO N O Streptozotocin
N
O
OH HO
OH Strophanthidin
3-464
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
9618 Strychnidin-10-one mononitrate
Strychnine nitrate
C21H23N3O5
66-32-0
397.425
nd (w)
295
9619 Strychnidin-10-one sulfate (2:1)
Strychnine sulfate
C42H46N4O8S
60-41-3
766.901
C21H22N2O2
57-24-9
334.412
orth pr (al)
287
2705
1.3620
C8H8
100-42-5
104.150
liq
-30.65
145
0.901625
1.544025
304-55-2
182.219
110-14-5 110-15-6
116.119 118.089
wh cry 193 (MeOH) orth nd (w) 268 dec tcl or mcl pr 187.9
sub 125 dec 235
1.57225
1.450
261
1.220
dec 287
1.41825
266
0.986760
1.417360
1.580517
1.5376
1.2716
1.4660
9620 Strychnine
9621 Styrene
Vinylbenzene
9622 Succimer
2,3-Dimercaptobutanedioic acid, C4H6O4S2 (R*,S*) C4H8N2O2 C4H6O4
9623 Succinamide 9624 Succinic acid
9625 Succinic anhydride
C4H4O3
108-30-5
100.073
9626 Succinimide
C4H5NO2
123-56-8
99.089
9627 Succinonitrile
Butanedinitrile
C4H4N2
110-61-2
80.088
9628 Succinylcholine chloride
Suxamethonium chloride
C14H30Cl2N2O4
71-27-2
361.305
cry (w)
190
9629 Succinylsulphathiazole
C13H13N3O5S2
116-43-8
355.389
cry
193.5
9630 Sucralfate
C12H54Al16O75S8
54182-58-0
2086.737 wh amorp pow
9631 Sucrose
C12H22O11
57-50-1
342.296
mcl
185.5
C28H52O12 C28H38O19
26446-38-8 126-14-7
580.706 678.591
cry nd (al)
61 86.5
C22H30N2O2S C13H12N2O3S
56030-54-7 127-71-9
386.550 276.310
9636 Sulfachlorpyridazine 9637 Sulfacytine
C10H9ClN4O2S C12H14N4O3S
80-32-0 17784-12-2
284.722 294.329
9638 Sulfadimethoxine 9639 Sulfaguanidine 9640 Sulfallate
C12H14N4O4S C7H10N4O2S C8H14ClNS2
122-11-2 57-67-0 95-06-7
310.329 214.245 223.787
cry (peth) 96.6 hex pr (60% 181.5 al) 187 cry (MeOH/ 167 BuOH) 203.5 nd (w) 191.5
9641 Sulfamerazine
C11H12N4O2S
127-79-7
264.304
cry
9642 Sulfamethazine
C12H14N4O2S
57-68-1
278.330
9643 9644 9645 9646 9647
C9H10N4O2S2 C10H11N3O3S C11H12N4O3S C10H11N3O2S2 C12H13N3O4S2
144-82-1 723-46-6 80-35-3 515-59-3 547-52-4
270.331 253.277 280.303 269.343 327.379
pa ye (w+1/ 198.5 2) cry (diox-w) cry (w) 210 ye-wh pow 171 182.5 237 137
C7H9N3O3S C15H14N4O2S
547-44-4 526-08-9
215.229 314.363
cry (w) cry (EtOH)
C18H14N4O5S C9H9N3O2S2
599-79-1 72-14-0
398.393 255.316
C7H9N3O2S2 C23H20N2O3S C6H5NOS C11H13N3O3S C2H4O5S
515-49-1 57-96-5 1122-83-4 127-69-5 123-43-3
231.295 404.481 139.175 267.304 140.115
220 dec br pl, rods or 175(form a); pow (45% 202(form b) al) 182 137
9634 Sufentanil 9635 Sulfabenzamide
Sulfamethiazole Sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxypyridazine Sulfamethylthiazole N4-Sulfanilylsulfanilamide
Sucrose palmitate
N-[(4-Aminophenyl)sulfonyl] benzamide
Carbamodithioic acid, diethyl-, 2-chloro-2-propenyl ester
4-Amino-N-[4-(aminosulfonyl) phenyl]benzenesulfonamide
9648 Sulfanilylurea 9649 Sulfaphenazole 9650 Sulfasalazine 9651 Sulfathiazole
9652 9653 9654 9655 9656
Sulfathiourea Sulfinpyrazone N-Sulfinylaniline Sulfisoxazole Sulfoacetic acid
4-Amino-N-2thiazolylbenzenesulfonamide
den/ g cm-3
nD
1.62725
200 dec
nd (al), orth 119 pym (chl) pl (+1w, al) 126.5 orth (ace) 57.98
9632 Sucrose monohexadecanoate 9633 Sucrose octaacetate
bp/˚C
2501
s H2O sl H2O, DMSO; s EtOH, eth, ace; i bz i H2O; s EtOH, chl; sl eth s H2O; sl EtOH, eth, ace vs H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz, chl; sl eth sl EtOH, bz, chl; i eth i H2O, eth, chl; sl EtOH, ace; s alk i H2O, EtOH, chl; s dil HCl, alk s H2O, py; sl EtOH; i eth s H2O sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl
1.088
236
sl H2O, EtOH, ace, DMSO; i eth, chl s H2O, acid, alk; sl DMSO sl hot H2O i eth vs EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; i chl, peth
147 dec 181
sl EtOH, MeOH, gl HOAc sl H2O, EtOH, DMSO i H2O; sl EtOH 200
hyg tab (w+1)
vs H2O, MeOH; sl bz; s chl, EtOH s H2O, EtOH, MeOH; i eth; sl chl sl H2O, EtOH, ace, bz; i eth; s chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; msc bz; sl ctc
i H2O; s alk
1291
191 85
Solubility
dec 245
1.23625
1.627020 vs H2O, ace, EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-465 N
N
H
H N
HNO3
H
H
O
H
N
N O
O
Strychnidin-10-one mononitrate
H
H2SO4
H
H
N
O
H
H
H
O
H
2
Strychnidin-10-one sulfate (2:1)
HS HS
O
Strychnine
Styrene
O
O NH2
H2N
O
O
O
Succinic acid
O
O
O
Succinic anhydride
Cl
N
Succinimide
Succinonitrile
Succinylcholine chloride
AcO O
O RO
S
RO OH
N H
OR
OR
R = SO3[Al2(OH)5]
O
Succinylsulphathiazole
AcO
HO O O HO
HO
O OR
AcO
HO
O RO
OR O
OAc
OH O
Sucralfate
O O AcO
AcO
OH
OH
O N S
Sucrose octaacetate
Sufentanil
O
O O O N S N H
O O O S N H
Cl
O O N S N H
H2N
H2N Sulfabenzamide
N
Cl Sulfaguanidine
O O S N H
N
H2N
N
O O S N H
N
N
O O S N H
N
N4-Sulfanilylsulfanilamide
Sulfamethylthiazole
N
N N
H2N
H N
OH
N
H2N Sulfasalazine
O N
N
O S N
H2N
Sulfathiazole
O O S N H H 2N
Sulfathiourea
O O N S N S H
O
S O O
Sulfaphenazole
O
O NH2 S O
OH
O O S N H
O S O O S S NH2 N H
S
H2N
Sulfamethoxypyridazine
H2N Sulfanilylurea
Sulfamethiazole
H2N
H 2N
O O O S NH2 N H
Sulfamethazine
O
O O S N H
Sulfamethoxazole
H2N
H2N Sulfamerazine
O
O O N N S N S H
O O N S N N H
H2N
Sulfallate
O
Sulfadimethoxine
O O N S N N H
S
N
H2N Sulfacytine
S
H2N
O O N S N H
N
H2N Sulfachlorpyridazine
O O NH S NH2 N H
N
O
OAc
OAc
Sucrose
N
Sulfinpyrazone
Cl
N
O
N
RO O O S N H
O
O
O
N H
HO
N
Succimer
O N
OH
HO
Succinamide
COOH H H COOH
N-Sulfinylaniline
Sulfisoxazole
O
N
O O O S HO OH Sulfoacetic acid
3-466
No. Name 9657 2-Sulfobenzoic acid 9658 Sulfolane 9659 Sulfometuron methyl 9660 Sulfonmethane
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym Tetrahydrothiophene, 1-1dioxide 2,2-Bis(ethylsulfonyl)propane
9661 Sulfonyldiacetic acid 9662 4-Sulfophthalic acid 9663 9664 9665 9666 9667 9668 9669
Sulfotep Sulfuryl chloride isocyanate Sulphan Blue Sulprofos Sunset Yellow FCF Suprasterol II Sutan
9670 Symclosene
4-Sulfo-1,2benzenedicarboxylic acid
C.I. Food Yellow 3 Carbamothioic acid, bis(2methylpropyl)-, S-ethyl ester 1,3,5-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
9671 Syringin 9672 Tabun 9673 Tachysterol
9678 DL-Tartaric acid 9679 meso-Tartaric acid 9680 D-Tartaric acid 9681 L-Tartaric acid 9682 Taurocholic acid
Tannin 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, (R*, R*)-(±)2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, [S-(R*,R*)]2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, [R-(R*,R*)]Cholaic acid
9683 Taxine A 9684 Taxol 9685 9686 9687 9688
Paclitaxel
Tebuconazole Tebuthiuron Teniposide Tephrosin
9689 Terbacil
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C7H6O5S C4H8O2S
632-25-7 126-33-0
202.185 120.171
nd (w+3)
C15H16N4O5S C7H16O4S2
74222-97-2 115-24-2
364.377 228.330
wh solid mcl (w), pr (al)
C4H6O6S
123-45-5
182.152
C8H6O7S
89-08-7
246.195
C8H20O5P2S2 CClNO3S C27H31N2NaO6S2 C12H19O2PS3 C16H10N2Na2O7S2 C28H44O C11H23NOS
3689-24-5 1189-71-5 129-17-9 35400-43-2 2783-94-0 562-71-0 2008-41-5
322.320 141.534 566.664 322.447 452.369 396.648 217.372
C3Cl3N3O3
87-90-1
232.409
C17H24O9
118-34-3
372.368
77-81-6
162.127
115-61-7
396.648
C6H12O6 C11H16N2O3
87-81-0 115-44-6
180.155 224.256
C26H29NO C76H52O46
10540-29-1 1401-55-4
C4H6O6
133-37-9
C4H6O6 C4H6O6
147-73-9 147-71-7
C4H6O6
87-69-4
371.514 cry (peth) 1701.198 ye-br amorp pow 150.087 mcl pr (w, al +1w) 150.087 tcl pl (w) 150.087 mcl, orth pr (w+1) 150.087
C26H45NO7S
81-24-3
515.703
pr (al-eth)
125 dec
C35H47NO10
1361-49-5
641.749
cry (ace)
205
C47H51NO14
33069-62-4
853.907
nd (MeOH aq)
214 dec
C16H23ClN3O C9H16N4OS C32H32O13S C23H22O7
107534-96-3 34014-18-1 29767-20-2 76-80-2
308.826 228.314 656.653 410.417
Dimethylphosphoroamidocyanid C5H11N2O2P ic acid, ethyl ester 9,10-Secoergosta-5(10),6,8,22- C28H44O tetraen-3-ol, (3β,6E,22E)-
9674 D-Tagatose 9675 Talbutal
9676 Tamoxifen 9677 Tannic acid
Mol. Form.
9694 Terephthalic acid
5-Chloro-3-tert-butyl-6-methyl- C9H13ClN2O2 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione C9H21O2PS3 6-Chloro-N-tert-butyl-N’-ethyl- C9H16ClN5 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine C10H19N5S Tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo- C7H10O4 3-furancarboxylic acid 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid C8H6O4
9695 Terfenadine
Seldane
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
141 27.6
287.3
202 125.8
dec 300
den/ g cm-3 1.272318
cry
139
liq viol pow
-44
cry pr
>300 110
vs H2O, EtOH; s eth, sulf
1372 107
1.19625 1.62625
1.475325 1.446720
1560.1
1.2020
1.5859
1900.005 13821
0.940225
cry (w), nd (al) liq
cry (dil al) cry
cry (EtOH) pr (chlMeOH)
192
s EtOH sl H2O s H2O; sl EtOH s MeOH
-50
vs EtOH 240
1.077
1.425020
134.5 109
97 ≈210 dec 206
1.78825
147 172.5
1.66620 1.759820
1.495520
vs EtOH, ace; i bz, chl, eth, ctc s H2O, EtOH; sl eth; i bz vs H2O, EtOH sl DMSO
169 vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth, AcOEt i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl
102.4 163 dec 244 198
vs ace, eth, chl 25
1.34
13071-79-9 5915-41-3
288.431 229.710
-29.2 178
690.01
1.10524 1.18820
886-50-0 79-91-4
241.357 158.152
104 175
1570.06
cry
1.11520 0.815
100-21-0
166.132
nd (sub)
C32H41NO2
50679-08-8
471.674
9696 o-Terphenyl
C18H14
84-15-1
230.304
9697 m-Terphenyl
C18H14
92-06-8
230.304
9698 p-Terphenyl
C18H14
92-94-4
230.304
C10H16
99-86-5
136.234
sl H2O; s EtOH
sub 300
147 mcl pr (MeOH) ye nd (al)
msc H2O i H2O, MeOH; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz vs H2O i H2O, peth; s EtOH, ace, eth, chl
sub 175
4-Isopropyl-1-methyl-1,3cyclohexadiene
i H2O; s EtOH
246.7 dec
176
9699 α-Terpinene
1.483318
187
216.664
9692 Terbutryn 9693 Terebic acid
Solubility vs H2O, EtOH s chl
vs bz, EtOH, chl
5902-51-2
9690 Terbufos 9691 Terbuthylazine
nD
56.20
332
87
363
213.9
376 174
1.19920
0.837519
1.47719
i H2O, EtOH, eth, chl, HOAc; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH; sl hx i H2O; s ace, bz, chl, MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc; sl chl i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, CS2 i H2O; msc EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-467 HO
HO
O
O
O OH S O
O O 2-Sulfobenzoic acid
Sulfolane
O
Sulfometuron methyl
N
O OH
O N O O O S N N N H H
S
O
S O
O
S O
HO
Sulfonmethane
O O O O S
O
O S O OH
OH
Sulfonyldiacetic acid
S S O O P P O O
4-Sulfophthalic acid
Sulfotep
SO3 Na
SO3 Na HO N
SO3
Cl
O O S N
H
N
C
Sulphan Blue
Sulprofos
O
H
O
Cl
N
N O Sutan
N N Cl
Cl
O
O
O
OH O
O
HO OH
Symclosene
O P
Suprasterol II
CH2OH O HO H HO H H OH CH2OH
N
N Syringin
H
Sunset Yellow FCF
OH
HO
O
HO
SO3 Na
S
O
Sulfuryl chloride isocyanate
S
N
S O P O S
OH
Tabun
Tachysterol
O NH O
D-Tagatose
N H
O
Talbutal
CH2OR O OR OR RO
N
OR
O
OH HO O HO
HO
O
HO Tannic acid
HO HO
OH O
OH Tamoxifen
COOH H H COOH
OH O
O
R=
OH
DL-Tartaric acid
HO H
meso-Tartaric acid
COOH H OH COOH
D-Tartaric acid
COOH OH H COOH
H HO
L-Tartaric acid
O
OH
N H
O OH
H O
O O O
HO
H
O
H O
OH
O
Taurocholic acid
OH
O
O
HO
O OH S O
O
HO
H OH OH O
H O O
O O
OH N N
O
N H
N
Taxine A
N
Cl Taxol
Tebuconazole
O O S
OH O OH O H
O
O O
O
O
O OH
S
N
O
Cl
N H
O
O
O
OH Teniposide
Tebuthiuron
Cl
O
O
O
N N
N
O H
N H
Tephrosin
O
S O P O S
Terbacil
Terbufos
N S
N H
N N
N H
Terbuthylazine
OH
HO NH N S
O
N N
O
N OH
N H
Terbutryn
O
O Terebic acid
HO
O
Terephthalic acid
OH Terfenadine
o-Terphenyl
m-Terphenyl
p-Terphenyl
α-Terpinene
3-468
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
9700 γ-Terpinene 9701 α-Terpineol 9702 α-Terpineol acetate
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C10H16 C10H18O
99-85-4 2438-12-2
136.234 154.249
Physical Form cry (peth)
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
40.5
183 220
0.84920 0.933720
1.476514 1.483120
21
21
40
11
C12H20O2
80-26-2
196.286
140 , 105
C10H16
586-62-9
136.234
186
0.863215
C15H11N3 C5H5Cl3N2OS
1148-79-4 2593-15-9
233.268 247.530
370 951
1.50325
C12H8S3
1081-34-1
248.387
ye-oran pl (MeOH)
93
9707 Testolactone 9708 3,6,9,12-Tetraazatetradecane-1,14- Pentaethylenehexamine diamine 9709 Tetrabenazine 9710 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene 9711 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane Acetylene tetrabromide
C19H24O3 C10H28N6
968-93-4 4067-16-7
300.392 232.369
cry (ace) liq
218
C19H27NO3 C6H2Br4 C2H2Br4
58-46-8 636-28-2 79-27-6
317.422 393.696 345.653
128 mcl pr (CS2) 182 ye visc liq 0
9712 Tetrabromoethene
Tetrabromoethylene
C2Br4
79-28-7
343.637
9713 2’,4’,5’,7’-Tetrabromofluorescein, disodium salt 9714 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-1,3isobenzofurandione 9715 Tetrabromomethane
Eosine YS
C20H6Br4Na2O5
17372-87-1
691.855
pl (dil al), nd 56.5 (al) ye-red cry 295.5
C8Br4O3
632-79-1
463.700
Carbon tetrabromide
CBr4
558-13-4
331.627
9716 2,3,4,5-Tetrabromo-6methylphenol
3,4,5,6-Tetrabromo-o-cresol
C7H4Br4O
576-55-6
9717 3’,3’’,5’,5’’Tetrabromophenolphthalein
C20H10Br4O4
9718 3’,3’’,5’,5’’Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester 9719 3’,3’’,5’,5’’Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester, potassium salt 9720 Tetrabutylammonium bromide TMAB 9721 Tetrabutylammonium chloride 9722 Tetrabutylammonium fluoride 9723 Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 9724 Tetrabutylammonium iodide 9725 9726 9727 9728 9729
9703 Terpinolene
9704 2,2’:6’,2’’-Terpyridine 9705 Terrazole 9706 2,2’:5’,2’’-Terthiophene
p-Mentha-1,4(8)-diene
1,2,4-Thiadiazole, 5-ethoxy-3(trichloromethyl)α-Terthienyl
88.0 19.9
3.120 243.5; 15154
189.5
423.722
ye nd (chl, HOAc)
208
dec
76-62-0
633.907
nd (al, eth)
296
C22H14Br4O4
1176-74-5
661.960
ye cry (bz)
210
C22H13Br4KO4
62637-91-6
700.050
210
C16H36BrN C16H36ClN C16H36FN C16H37NO C16H36IN
1643-19-2 1112-67-0 429-41-4 2052-49-5 311-28-4
322.368 277.917 261.462 259.471 369.368
99 cry 74 cry (w) 37 stab in soln lf (w, bz) 148
C32H72N2O4S C16H36BrP C16H36O4Si C16H36Sn C18H36N2S4
32503-27-8 3115-68-2 4766-57-8 1461-25-2 1634-02-2
580.990 339.335 320.541 347.167 408.752
170 cry (ace/eth) 102
C16H36O4Ti C15H25ClN2O2 C6H2Cl4
5593-70-4 136-47-0 634-66-2
340.322 300.825 215.892
9733 1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene 9734 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
C6H2Cl4 C6H2Cl4
634-90-2 95-94-3
215.892 215.892
9735 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2benzenediol 9736 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,4benzenediol
C6H2Cl4O2
1198-55-6
247.891
C6H2Cl4O2
87-87-6
9737 9738 9739 9740
C12H6Cl4 C12H6Cl4 C12H6Cl4 C15H12Cl4O2
41464-40-8 33284-53-6 32598-13-3 79-95-8
2,2’,4’,5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,3’,4’,4’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2’,6,6’-Tetrachlorobisphenol A
Bis(dibutylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide Titanium(IV) butoxide
-97 39.5
3.07220 2.965520
1.635320
226
92.3
liq
1.488320
1.509620
0.950
280
Silicic acid, tetrabutyl ester
1.4689
sl H2O; vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz, ctc
i H2O; sl EtOH; s bz, eth, ace, peth
nd (xyl, HOAc) mcl tab (dil al)
Tetrabutylammonium sulfate Tetrabutylphosphonium bromide Tetrabutyl silicate Tetrabutylstannane N,N,N’,N’Tetrabutylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide 9730 Tetrabutyl titanate 9731 Tetracaine hydrochloride 9732 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene
0.9659
Solubility
2.9608
100
1.5942
100
s chl i H2O; vs eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, bz; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; vs chl vs EtOH i H2O, EtOH; sl bz; s PhNO2 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl; vs CS2 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl; sl lig, HOAc i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth; s alk, HOAc
s chl
s H2O, MeOH sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH sl chl 256; 1203 14510, 950.28
0.899020 1.0620 1.0320
1.412820 i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth
292.4 147 47.5
254
54.5 139.5
246 244.5
247.891
nd (al) nd, mcl pr (eth, al or bz) cry (dil al, bz) nd (HOAc)
291.988 291.988 291.988 366.067
cry (MeOH) cry cry (EtOH) cry (HOAc)
66.5 92.2 180 136
nd (al)
194 sub
1.85822
i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth, CS2 i H2O i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, chl, CS2 sl H2O i H2O, bz, ctc; vs EtOH, eth; sl HOAc i H2O i H2O
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-469
Cl O
N
O
OH γ-Terpinene
N
α-Terpineol
α-Terpineol acetate
Terpinolene
N
O
N
2,2’:6’,2’’-Terpyridine
Cl Cl
N
S
S
Terrazole
O
S
Br
O
O
S
2,2’:5’,2’’-Terthiophene
Br H N
H2N
O Testolactone
O
H N
N H
N
NH2
N H
O
Br
3,6,9,12-Tetraazatetradecane-1,14-diamine
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Tetrabenazine
1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
O
Br
Br
OH
O
Br
Br Br
O Na
Br
Tetrabromoethene
O Na
O
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
O
HO
Br
Br
O
Br
3’,3’’,5’,5’’-Tetrabromophenolphthalein
Br O
K O
Br
Br
2,3,4,5-Tetrabromo-6-methylphenol
Br O Br
O
N Br
O
3’,3’’,5’,5’’-Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester
3’,3’’,5’,5’’-Tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester, potassium salt
N
N
Cl
F
Tetrabutylammonium bromide
2
N N
Br Br
Tetrabromomethane
O
OH
Br
Br
4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-1,3-isobenzofurandione
O
Br
O
Br
2’,4’,5’,7’-Tetrabromofluorescein, disodium salt
HO
Br
Br
Br
SO4
N
P Br
I
HO
2
Tetrabutylammonium chloride
Tetrabutylammonium fluoride
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
O O Si O O
Tetrabutylammonium iodide
Tetrabutylammonium sulfate
O O Ti O O
S N
Sn
S
S
Tetrabutylphosphonium bromide
N
S Tetrabutyl silicate
Tetrabutylstannane
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene
OH
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Cl
2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,4-benzenediol
Cl 2,2’,4’,5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl
Cl
Cl Cl
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-benzenediol
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl OH
OH
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Tetracaine hydrochloride
OH Cl
Cl
HCl
N H
Tetrabutyl titanate
Cl
Cl
N
O
Cl
N,N,N’,N’-Tetrabutylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide
Cl 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl 3,3’,4’,4’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl
HO
OH Cl
Cl
2,2’,6,6’-Tetrachlorobisphenol A
3-470
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
9741 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-2,5cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
Chloranil
C6Cl4O2
118-75-2
245.875
ye mcl, pr (bz) ye lf (HOAc)
C6Cl4O2
2435-53-2
245.875
C12H4Cl4O2
1746-01-6
321.971
nd
295
C12H4Cl4O C2Cl4F2
51207-31-9 76-11-9
305.971 203.830
cry
227 41.0
9742 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-3,5cyclohexadiene-1,2-dione 9743 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin 9744 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 9745 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2difluoroethane 9746 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2difluoroethane 9747 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5,5dimethoxy-1,3-cyclopentadiene 9748 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5,6dimethylbenzene 9749 1,2,3,5-Tetrachloro-4,6dimethylbenzene 9750 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2dimethyldisilane 9751 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Dioxin
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
290
sub
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility i H2O, liq; sl EtOH, chl; s eth
130.5
24.8
92.8
1.64925 50
92.8
1.5951
109
1.50125
1.4130
25
C2Cl4F2
76-12-0
203.830
C7H6Cl4O2
2207-27-4
263.934
C8H6Cl4
877-08-7
243.946
228
C8H6Cl4
877-09-8
243.946
223
C2H6Cl4Si2
4518-98-3
228.052
C2H2Cl4
630-20-6
167.849
liq
-70.2
130.2
1.540620
1.482120
1.528220 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O, EtOH, eth, bz, chl
1.70325 154
9752 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Acetylene tetrachloride
C2H2Cl4
79-34-5
167.849
liq
-42.4
145.2
1.595320
1.494020
9753 Tetrachloroethene
Perchloroethylene
C2Cl4
127-18-4
165.833
liq
-22.3
121.3
1.623020
1.505920
9754 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane 9755 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane 9756 Tetrachloromethane Carbon tetrachloride
C2HCl4F C2HCl4F CCl4
354-11-0 354-14-3 56-23-5
185.839 185.839 153.823
liq liq liq
-95.3 -82.6 -22.62
117.1 116.7 76.8
1.549717 1.594020
1.439020 1.460120
9757 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4methoxyphenol 9758 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro-5methylphenol
C7H4Cl4O2
484-67-3
261.918
C7H4Cl4O
10460-33-0
245.918
9759 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene 9760 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5nitrobenzene 9761 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3nitrobenzene 9762 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol
C10H4Cl4 C6HCl4NO2
20020-02-4 879-39-0
265.951 260.890
199 66
C6HCl4NO2
117-18-0
260.890
99.5
304
C6H2Cl4O
4901-51-3
231.891
9763 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
C6H2Cl4O
58-90-2
9764 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol
C6H2Cl4O
9765 Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride 9766 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloropropane
Drosophilin A
nd (peth)
189.5
sub
231.891
70
15015
935-95-5
231.891
lf (lig)
115
C8Cl4O3 C3H4Cl4
117-08-8 812-03-3
285.896 181.876
liq
254.5 -64
9767 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloropropane
C3H4Cl4
1070-78-6
9768 1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropane
C3H4Cl4
9769 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloropropane 9770 1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropene 9771 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloropyridine
9774 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroterphthaloyl dichloride 9775 Tetrachlorothiophene 9776 9777 9778 9779
Tetrachlorovinphos Tetracontane Tetracosamethylundecasiloxane Tetracosane
1.74425
i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl vs EtOH
sub 152.5
1.49275 1.47320
1.486720
181.876
157
1.450920
1.482520
18495-30-2
181.876
179.5
1.51317
1.503717
C3H4Cl4
13116-53-5
181.876
165
1.50018
1.494018
C3H2Cl4 C5HCl4N
10436-39-2 2402-79-1
179.860 216.881
167.2; 5917 250.5
1.5520
C4Cl4N2 C13H7Cl4NO2
1780-40-1 1154-59-2
217.868 351.013
C8Cl6O2
719-32-4
340.803
cry (ctc)
146.5
C4Cl4S
6012-97-1
221.920
nd (dil al)
30.5
233.4
1.703630
1.591530
961-11-5 4181-95-7 107-53-9 646-31-1
365.961 563.079 829.764 338.654
522; 40050 322.8; 20247 391.3
0.817125 0.924725 0.799120
1.457225 1.399420 1.428370
C10H9Cl4O4P C40H82 Tetracosamethylhendecasiloxane C24H72O10Si11 C24H50
i H2O; s EtOH, ace; msc eth, bz, chl
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, KOH
116.5
3,5-Dichloro-N-(3,4dichlorophenyl)-2hydroxybenzamide
sl H2O; s ace, bz, chl; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O; s ace, bz, chl; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz
116
nd (peth, sub) nd (lig)
9772 Tetrachloropyrimidine 9773 3,3’,4’,5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl
liq cry (aq al)
90.5
i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, HOAc; vs NaOH sl H2O; vs bz; s lig sl eth i H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, chl; vs eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s chl vs eth, EtOH, peth
69.0 161
97 81.5 cry (eth)
50.4
i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth
vs bz i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-471
O
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-dione
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Cl O
Cl
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran
Cl Cl F Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl F
F
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane
O
O
Cl
F Cl
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
Cl
Cl
1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5,5-dimethoxy-1,3-cyclopentadiene
1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5,6-dimethylbenzene
Cl Cl Cl
Cl Cl Si Si Cl Cl
Cl
1,2,3,5-Tetrachloro-4,6-dimethylbenzene
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-dimethyldisilane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Cl
Cl Cl
F
Cl Cl
Cl
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1-fluoroethane
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene
Cl
Tetrachloromethane
N O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-methoxyphenol
2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro-5-methylphenol
N O
Cl
OH Cl
O
Cl
1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol
Cl
Cl
2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol
O
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
1,1,1,3-Tetrachloropropane
1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropane
O
Cl
Cl Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloropropane
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride
Cl
Cl
Cl
1,2,2,3-Tetrachloropropane
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
2,3,5,6-Tetrachloropyridine
N
H3C(CH2)38CH3 Tetracontane
Cl
Cl
O
Cl 3,3’,4’,5-Tetrachlorosalicylanilide
Si
O
Si
O
Si
O
Si
O
Si
O
Cl
Cl
2,3,5,6-Tetrachloroterphthaloyl dichloride
Si
O
Si
O
Si
Tetracosamethylundecasiloxane
O
Si
Cl
Cl
O
Tetrachloropyrimidine
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
N
O
1,1,2,3-Tetrachloropropene
Cl
Cl
OH HN
Si
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
N
Cl Cl
2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol
Cl
O
Cl
OH
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
1,2,3,4-Tetrachloro-5-nitrobenzene
Cl
OH
Cl O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
OH Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2-fluoroethane
Cl
Cl
F
Cl
Cl
Tetrachloroethene
OH Cl
Cl
S
Cl
Tetrachlorothiophene
Si Tetracosane
Cl Cl O O P O O Tetrachlorovinphos
3-472
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
9780 9781 9782 9783
Lignoceric acid
C24H48O2 C24H50O C24H46O2 C6N4
557-59-5 506-51-4 506-37-6 670-54-2
368.637 354.653 366.621 128.091
9784 Tetracycline 9785 Tetracycline hydrochloride 9786 Tetradecahydrophenanthrene
C22H24N2O8 C22H25ClN2O8 C14H24
60-54-8 64-75-5 5743-97-5
444.434 480.895 192.341
cry (+3w)
9787 Tetradecamethylhexasiloxane 9788 Tetradecanal
C14H42O5Si6 C14H28O
107-52-8 124-25-4
9789 Tetradecanamide 9790 Tetradecane
C14H29NO C14H30
9791 Tetradecanedioic acid 9792 1,14-Tetradecanediol 9793 Tetradecanenitrile
Tetracosanoic acid 1-Tetracosanol cis-15-Tetracosenoic acid Tetracyanoethene
Nervonic acid Tetracyanoethylene
Myristonitrile
9794 1-Tetradecanethiol
Physical Form
den/ g cm-3
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
87.5 77 43 199
27210 2100.4
0.8207100 1.4287100 vs bz, eth
223
1.34825
1.56025
sl eth, bz, ctc, chl; s ace
liq
172 dec 214 -3
270; 872
0.94420
1.501120
458.993 212.371
liq lf
-59 30
245.5
0.891020
1.394820
638-58-4 629-59-4
227.386 198.388
lf (ace)
104 5.82
21712 253.58
0.759620
1.429020
i H2O; s eth, ace, bz vs bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace vs EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ctc
C14H26O4 C14H30O2 C14H27N
821-38-5 19812-64-7 629-63-0
258.354 230.387 209.371
125.5 85.8 19
2009 226100, 1191
0.828119
1.439223
C14H30S
2079-95-0
230.453
7
310; 17822
0.864120
1.459720
nd (bz)
nD
Solubility
vs eth, EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, ace, chl; sl eth; vs bz vs eth, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, ace s eth
9795 Tetradecanoic acid
Myristic acid
C14H28O2
544-63-8
228.371
lf (eth)
54.2
250100
0.862254
1.472370
9796 Tetradecanoic anhydride 9797 1-Tetradecanol
C28H54O3 C14H30O
626-29-9 112-72-1
438.727 214.387
lf (peth) lf
53.4 38.2
287
0.850270 0.823638
1.433570
Tetradecyl alcohol
9798 2-Tetradecanone
Dodecyl methyl ketone
C14H28O
2345-27-9
212.371
cry (dil al)
33.5
205100, 13413
9799 Tetradecanoyl chloride 9800 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13acetate 9801 1-Tetradecene
Myristoyl chloride Cocarcinogen A1
C14H27ClO C36H56O8
112-64-1 16561-29-8
246.816 616.825
-1
17116
0.907825
oil
C14H28
1120-36-1
196.372
liq
-12
233
0.774525
1.435120
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz; sl ctc
0.807920
1.446320
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl; s ace
0.854920 0.825420 1.15120
1.481820 1.457920
0.918620
1.390525
msc EtOH, eth; s ctc vs H2O, EtOH, chl, MeOH vs H2O, EtOH, ace, chl s H2O
0.892020
1.430720
1.128515
1.457720
i H2O; sl EtOH, ctc; s eth, bz vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc, diox
9802 Tetradecyl acetate 9803 Tetradecylamine
9804 Tetradecylbenzene 9805 Tetradecylcyclohexane 9806 Tetradifon 9807 Tetraethoxygermane 9808 Tetraethoxymethane
1-Tetradecanol, acetate 1-Tetradecanamine
10
C16H32O2 C14H31N
638-59-5 2016-42-4
256.424 213.403
83.1
C20H34 C20H40 C12H6Cl4O2S
1459-10-5 1795-18-2 116-29-0
274.484 280.532 356.052
16 24 146
14165-55-0 78-09-1
252.88 192.253
1,2,4-Trichloro-5-[(4chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]benzene Ethanol, germanium(4+) salt C8H20GeO4 Tetraethyl orthocarbonate C9H20O4 C8H20BrN
71-91-0
210.156
hyg (al)
9810 Tetraethylammonium chloride
C8H20ClN
56-34-8
165.705
hyg cry
C8H20IN C14H22 N,N,N’,N’-Tetraethylphthalamide C16H24N2O2
68-05-3 38842-05-6 83-81-8
257.156 190.325 276.374
cry (w)
Silicic acid, tetrakis(2-ethylbutyl) C24H52O4Si ester 3,6,9-Trioxaundecane-1,11-diol C8H18O5
78-13-7
432.754
liq
112-60-7
194.226
liq
9815 Tetraethylene glycol 9816 Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate 9817 Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate 9818 Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether
C14H22O7 C16H26O7 C10H22O5
17831-71-9 109-17-1 143-24-8
302.321 330.373 222.279
9819 Tetraethylene glycol monostearate 9820 Tetraethylenepentamine 9821 N,N,N’,N’-Tetraethyl-1,2ethanediamine 9822 Tetraethylgermane 9823 Tetraethyl lead
C26H52O6 C8H23N5 C10H24N2
106-07-0 112-57-2 150-77-6
460.687 189.303 172.311
C8H20Ge C8H20Pb
597-63-7 78-00-2
9824 N,N,N’,N’Tetraethylmethanediamine
C9H22N2
102-53-4
359 360
139200 159.5
9809 Tetraethylammonium bromide
9811 Tetraethylammonium iodide 9812 1,2,3,5-Tetraethylbenzene 9813 N,N,N’,N’-Tetraethyl-1,2benzenedicarboxamide 9814 Tetra(2-ethylbutyl) silicate
173 291.2
1.397020
286 dec
300 dec 36
-6.2
249.0 20416
328
1.12525 2201 275.3
1.461025 1.011420
328 341.5 192
0.80825
1.459320 1.504220 1.434320
188.89 323.4
164.5 dec 200
1.199 1.65320
1.519820
158.284
165.8
0.800020
1.442025
40
1.128515
msc H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc s H2O
i H2O; s bz; sl EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-473 N
N
N
N
O OH
OH
OH O
Tetracosanoic acid
HO
H
H
1-Tetracosanol
N
HO
H
OH
H
O OH
OH NH2
OH O HO
O
Tetracycline
Tetracyanoethene
N
NH2 OH O HO
cis-15-Tetracosenoic acid
O OH
HCl
O
Si
Tetracycline hydrochloride
O
Tetradecahydrophenanthrene
Si
Si
O
O
Si
O
Si
O
O
Si
Tetradecamethylhexasiloxane
Tetradecanal
O O
OH
N
OH
NH2
OH OH
O Tetradecanamide
Tetradecane
Tetradecanedioic acid
Tetradecanenitrile
O
O SH
1,14-Tetradecanediol
O
OH
OH O
O 1-Tetradecanethiol
Tetradecanoic acid
Tetradecanoic anhydride
1-Tetradecanol
2-Tetradecanone
O O
O O H O
H O
OH Cl
O OH
NH2
O OH
Tetradecanoyl chloride
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
1-Tetradecene
Tetradecyl acetate
Tetradecylamine
Cl O S O
Cl
Cl Tetradecylbenzene
Tetradecylcyclohexane
Tetradifon
N N
N
Br
Tetraethylammonium bromide
N
Cl
Tetraethylammonium chloride
O
O
O
1,2,3,5-Tetraethylbenzene
Tetraethylene glycol
O
O
O
Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether
N
O
O
O
O
N
O
O
O
O
Tetra(2-ethylbutyl) silicate
O
O O
O
Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate
O O
O
O
O
O
Tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate
OH H2N
O Tetraethylene glycol monostearate
H N
H N
N H
NH2
Tetraethylenepentamine
Ge
Pb
Tetraethylgermane
Tetraethyl lead
N N,N,N’,N’-Tetraethyl-1,2-ethanediamine
Tetraethoxymethane
O O Si O O
N,N,N’,N’-Tetraethyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxamide
O O
O O
N
Tetraethylammonium iodide
OH
O
Tetraethoxygermane
I
O HO
O
O
O O Ge O O
Cl
N
N,N,N’,N’-Tetraethylmethanediamine
3-474
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
9825 Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
9826 9827 9828 9829 9830 9831 9832 9833 9834 9835 9836 9837 9838 9839 9840 9841 9842 9843 9844
Tetraethylsilane Tetraethylstannane Tetraethylthiodicarbonic diamide Tetraethylurea 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene 3,3,4,4-Tetrafluorodihydro-2,5furandione 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2dinitroethane 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane Tetrafluoroethene 1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether Tetrafluoromethane 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5Hbenzocyclohepten-5-one 2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5Hbenzo[ij]quinolizine 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-2,3’-bipyridine, (S) 2,3,4,9-Tetrahydro-1H-carbazole
9845 Tetrahydrocortisone 9846 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy1,2-dimethylisoquinoline, (±) 9847 Tetrahydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran 9848 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-3,6dimethylbenzofuran 9849 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,5dimethylnaphthalene 9850 Tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-3furanacetic acid 9851 cis-Tetrahydro-2,5dimethylthiophene 9852 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9H-fluoren-9one 9853 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid 9854 Tetrahydrofuran
9855 Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanamine
Tin tetraethyl Sulfiram
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate Tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d] imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-dione
9863 cis-3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-1,3isobenzofurandione 9864 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-1,3isobenzofurandione 9865 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline 9866 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-methoxy-2Hazepine 9867 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6methoxyquinoline 9868 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1methylnaphthalene
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C8H20O7P2
107-49-3
290.188
C8H20Si C8H20Sn C10H20N2S3 C9H20N2O C6H2F4 C6H2F4 C6H2F4 C4F4O3
631-36-7 597-64-8 95-05-6 1187-03-7 551-62-2 2367-82-0 327-54-8 699-30-9
144.331 234.955 264.474 172.267 150.074 150.074 150.074 172.035
C2F4N2O4
356-16-1
C2H2F4 C2H2F4 C2F4 C3H2F6O
Physical Form
liq
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
170 dec
1553
1.184720
1.418020
154.7 181; 6412 2323 209 94.3 84.4 90.2 54.5
0.765820 1.18725 1.1220 0.91920
1.426820 1.473020
msc H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, xyl, chl; sl ctc i H2O
1.31925 1.425520 1.620920
1.447420 1.405420 1.403520 1.407520 1.324020
58.5
1.602425
1.326525
-112
s chl i H2O, alk, acid
liq
-46.25 3.88
192.026
liq
-41.5
811-97-2 359-35-3 116-14-3 57041-67-5
102.031 102.031 100.015 168.037
col gas -103.3 col gas -89 col gas -131.15 vol liq or gas
-26.5 -19.9 -75.9 23.35
1.207225
i H2O; s eth
1.519-76 1.454023
i H2O
CF4 C3H4F4O C11H12O
75-73-0 76-37-9 826-73-3
88.005 132.057 160.212
col gas liq
-183.60 -15
-128.0 109.5 17540, 1247
3.03425 1.485320 1.08020
Julolidine
C12H15N
479-59-4
173.254
40
dec 280; 15517 1.00320
1.56825
Anatabine
C10H12N2
581-49-7
160.215
14510
1.567620
C12H13N
942-01-8
171.238
lf (dil al)
120
C21H32O5 C13H19NO2
53-05-4 490-53-9
364.476 221.296
cry (EtOAc) pa br syr
190
C6H12O3 C10H14O
696-59-3 494-90-6
132.157 150.217
C12H16
21564-91-0
160.255
C8H12O4
26754-48-3
172.179
lf or pr (w+1) 90
C6H12S
5161-13-7
116.224
liq
Tetrafluoroethylene Refrigerant 236me Carbon tetrafluoride
Carnegine
Terpenylic acid
1.09119
1.319720 1.569820
327.5
1701
86
-89
145.7 8018
1.0225 0.97215
1.418020
239
0.94120
1.52620
0.922220
1.479920
65
0.883325
1.405025
1.455120
142.3
184.233
Tetramethylene oxide
C19H23N7O6 C4H8O
135-16-0 109-99-9
445.429 72.106
Tetrahydrofurfurylamine
C5H11NO
4795-29-3
101.147
153
0.975220
C8H14O3
637-65-0
158.195
205.5
1.04420
C4H8O2 C7H12O3
453-20-3 637-64-9
88.106 144.168
181 193; 8918
1.0925 1.062420
1.450020 1.435025
C8H12O3 C5H10O2 C9H14O3 C4H6N4O2
2399-48-6 97-99-4 2455-24-5 496-46-8
156.179 102.132 170.205 142.117
966 178 265; 814
1.06120 1.052420 1.04025
1.452020 1.455425
nd or pr (w) 300 dec
935-79-5
152.148
cry (peth)
103.5
2426-02-0
152.148
pl (EtOH)
74
91-21-4
133.190
C7H13NO
2525-16-8
127.184
C10H13NO
120-15-0
163.216
C11H14
1559-81-5
146.229
Acetyleneurea
4-Cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic C8H8O3 acid, anhydride 1-Cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic C8H8O3 acid, anhydride C9H11N
139
1.2105 232.5
1.064224
1.566820
liq
4916, 6624
0.887
1.463020
pr (peth, al) 42.5 orth pym (w)
284; 1281
<-15
msc H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, bz, MeOH
vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH
0.05
634-19-5
<-60 <-80
i H2O; s bz, chl s EtOH, ace, chl s EtOH
vs H2O
C13H12O
Tetrahydro-2-furancarbinol
lt ye nd or pr 81.5 (pentane) pow liq -108.44
i H2O; s ace
vs H2O, eth, EtOH
Phentydrone
9856 Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol propanoate 9857 Tetrahydro-3-furanol 9858 Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate 9859 9860 9861 9862
Mol. Form.
220.6
1.571820
0.958320
1.535320
s H2O s H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs eth, EtOH, chl vs H2O, eth, EtOH, chl vs ace, eth sl H2O; i EtOH, HOAc; s eth, HCl, alk s EtOH, ace, chl, bz; sl peth s EtOH, ace, chl; vs eth i H2O; s EtOH, bz, acid, xyl
s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-475 F
O O O P O P O O O
S Sn
Si
S
N
S
F
O N
N
N
F F
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Tetraethylsilane
Tetraethylstannane
Tetraethylthiodicarbonic diamide
Tetraethylurea
1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene
F F
F
F F
F
F
F O
F F
F
O
F
1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene
1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene
F
F
F
F
O
O
F O
F
1,2,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
O
F F F
F
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
F
F
F
F
F
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane
O
F F F
OH
F
F F
Tetrafluoroethene
N O
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1,2-dinitroethane
F F
F F
F F
3,3,4,4-Tetrafluorodihydro-2,5-furandione
F F
O N
F
Tetrafluoromethane
2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol
6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-one
O O
OH OH
H N
N H
H N
2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizine
N H
1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-2,3’-bipyridine, (S)
HO
H
2,3,4,9-Tetrahydro-1H-carbazole
Tetrahydrocortisone
O N
O
O
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2-dimethylisoquinoline, (±)
O
O
O
Tetrahydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuran
4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran
H2N OH
H
O
O
Tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-3-furanacetic acid
N
H N
O
N H
N
O
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,5-dimethylnaphthalene
H N
O
S
O
cis-Tetrahydro-2,5-dimethylthiophene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9H-fluoren-9-one
O
H N O
OH OH
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid
OH O
O
Tetrahydrofuran
O
NH2
O
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
O
O
Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanol propanoate
H N
H N
N H
N H
O
O
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate
Tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate
H
H
Tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5(1H,3H)-dione
O
O O
O
O
O
O
Tetrahydro-3-furanol
O
O
Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate
O
O
O
Tetrahydro-2-furanmethanamine
OH
O
O
cis-3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
O
O O 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
N
H
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline
O
N
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-7-methoxy-2H-azepine
N H 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxyquinoline
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-methylnaphthalene
3-476
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
9869 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-5methylnaphthalene 9870 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6methylnaphthalene 9871 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-4MPTP phenylpyridine 9872 Tetrahydro-3-methyl-2 H-thiopyran 9873 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1naphthalenamine 9874 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Tetralin
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
C11H14
2809-64-5
146.229
liq
-23
234
0.972020
1.543920
C11H14
1680-51-9
146.229
liq
-40
229
0.953720
1.535720
C12H15N
28289-54-5
173.254
cry
41
870.8
C6H12S C10H13N
5258-50-4 2217-41-6
116.224 147.217
liq
-60 38
158 279
0.947320 1.062516
1.492220 1.590020
C10H12
119-64-2
132.202
liq
-35.7
207.6
0.964525
1.541320
C10H12O C10H12O C10H12O C10H12O C10H18O2
529-33-9 529-35-1 530-91-6 1125-78-6 705-86-2
148.201 148.201 148.201 148.201 170.249
255; 1032 266; 14311 14012 275.5 1213
1.099620 1.055675
1.563820
liq
34.5 70 15.5 57 -27
C14H14
1013-08-7
182.261
lf (MeOH)
33.5
17311
1.060140
cry (EtOH) liq
137 -13
12615
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-naphthol 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1-naphthol 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-naphthol 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-naphthol Tetrahydro-6-pentyl-2 H-pyran-2one 9880 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrophenanthrene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-α-naphthol 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-α-naphthol Tetralol 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-β-naphthol 5-Hydroxydecanoic acid lactone
9881 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrophthalimide 9882 Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2 H-pyran-2one 9883 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-6propylpyridine 9884 Tetrahydropyran
C8H9NO2 5-Hydroxyoctanoic acid lactone C8H14O2
85-40-5 698-76-0
151.163 142.196
γ-Coniceine
C8H15N
1604-01-9
125.212
Oxane
C5H10O
142-68-7
86.132
liq
9885 Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-methanol 9886 Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
C6H12O2 C5H8O2
100-72-1 542-28-9
116.158 100.117
liq
Δ3-Piperidine Guvacine
C5H8O2 C5H9N C6H9NO2
29943-42-8 694-05-3 498-96-4
100.117 83.132 127.141
Hexahydropyrimidine-2-thione
C4H8N2S
2055-46-1
116.185
liq -48 pr (w), rods 295 dec (+1w dil al) 211
C9H11N
635-46-1
133.190
nd
C9H11N
10500-57-9
133.190
C8H10N2
3476-89-9
134.178
lf (w, eth, peth)
99
289
9875 9876 9877 9878 9879
9887 Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one 9888 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine 9889 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydro-3pyridinecarboxylic acid 9890 3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2(1H)pyrimidinethione 9891 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline 9892 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoline
2,3-Cyclohexenopyridine
9893 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoxaline
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, HOAc, chl, lig
0.875315
1.466116
-49.1
88
0.881420
1.420020
-12.5
185 219
1.02725 1.108220
1.45820 1.450320
166.5 108
1.08425 0.91125
1.452020 1.480020
251
1.058820
1.606219
222
1.030413
1.543520
Pentylenetetrazole
C6H10N4
54-95-5
138.170
cry (bz-lig)
59.5
19412
9895 Tetrahydrothiophene
Thiacyclopentane
C4H8S
110-01-0
88.172
liq
-96.2
121.1
0.998720
1.487118
C13H18
475-03-6
174.282
240; 904
0.930320
1.525720
Quinalizarin
C14H8O6
81-61-8
272.210
oran nd
Purpurogallin
C11H8O5
569-77-7
220.179
C13H10O5
131-55-5
246.215
red nd (gl 274 dec HOAc) ye nd (w+1) 197
Tetroquinone
C6H4O6
319-89-1
172.092
bl-blk cry
4-Pregnene-11β,17α,20β,21tetrol-3-on ENTPROL
C21H32O5
116-58-5
364.476
cry (aq ace) 125 dec
C14H32N2O4
102-60-3
292.415
Tetraiodoethylene
C2I4 C8I4O3
513-92-8 632-80-4
531.639 651.702
9905 Tetraiodomethane
Carbon tetraiodide
CI4
507-25-5
519.629
9906 2,3,4,5-Tetraiodo-1H-pyrrole 9907 Tetraisobutyl titanate
Iodopyrrole 2-Methyl-1-propanol, titanium(4+) salt
C4HI4N C16H36O4Ti
87-58-1 7425-80-1
570.676 340.322
>275
s H2O; msc EtOH, eth; sl ctc s chl vs H2O
s H2O, chl; msc EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz s H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth, bz; sl peth vs H2O, EtOH, ace; s eth, bz; sl chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s chl s EtOH, eth, bz, chl sl H2O, ace, bz, EtOH, eth
vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O, eth, ctc; vs EtOH vs ace, EtOH 1.03025
ye lf, pr (eth) ye pr, nd (HOAc) nd (sub) red lf (bz, chl) ye nd (al)
s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc
1.3320
9894 6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5Htetrazolo[1,5-a]azepine
9896 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,1,6trimethylnaphthalene 9897 1,2,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-9,10anthracenedione 9898 2,3,4,6-Tetrahydroxy-5Hbenzocyclohepten-5-one 9899 2,2’,4,4’Tetrahydroxybenzophenone 9900 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2,5cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione 9901 11,17,20,21-Tetrahydroxypregn-4en-3-one, (11β,20R) 9902 N,N,N’,N’-Tetra(2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine 9903 Tetraiodoethene 9904 4,5,6,7-Tetraiodo-1,3isobenzofurandione
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, acid i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s chl, PhNH2
1.055265
174
20
Solubility
1.47825
sl chl
187 327.5
sub sub
2.98320
vs bz, chl i H2O, EtOH, bz; sl HOAc
171
1351.5
4.2320
vs py, chl
256500
0.96050
vs ace, eth, chl dec H2O
150 dec
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-477
N 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-5-methylnaphthalene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methylnaphthalene
S
1,2,3,6-Tetrahydro-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine
NH2
OH
Tetrahydro-3-methyl-2H-thiopyran
OH OH
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1-naphthalenamine
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-naphthol
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1-naphthol
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-naphthol
O N H
OH O 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-naphthol
O
O
O
Tetrahydro-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrophenanthrene
1,2,3,6-Tetrahydrophthalimide
O
Tetrahydro-6-propyl-2H-pyran-2-one
O
O
N 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-6-propylpyridine
OH
O
Tetrahydropyran
O
Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-methanol
O
N H
Tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one
1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine
O
Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
O OH
N
N H
N H
1,2,5,6-Tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid
H N
H N H
S
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinethione
N H
N
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoline
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoxaline
OH O
OH OH
N N N
N S
6,7,8,9-Tetrahydro-5H-tetrazolo[1,5-a]azepine
OH O
Tetrahydrothiophene
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,1,6-trimethylnaphthalene
1,2,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione
OH O OH
OH O
OH
HO
OH HO
O
OH
OH
HO HO
2,3,4,6-Tetrahydroxy-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-one
OH
HO
OH O
O
2,2’,4,4’-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone
OH OH
2,3,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
11,17,20,21-Tetrahydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, (11β,20R)
OH HO
I N
N
O
I
I I
I
I
I
OH OH N,N,N’,N’-Tetra(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine
I
I Tetraiodoethene
I
O
4,5,6,7-Tetraiodo-1,3-isobenzofurandione
I
I
O
I
I
I
I
N H
Tetraiodomethane
2,3,4,5-Tetraiodo-1H-pyrrole
O O Ti O O Tetraisobutyl titanate
3-478
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
9908 Tetraisopropyl titanate
2-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt
C12H28O4Ti
546-68-9
284.215
C10H24N2O4
140-07-8
236.309
C4H12ClO4P
124-64-1
190.562
C5H12S4 C10H10O C5H12O4 C7H16O4 C19H25NO4 C17H20ClN3
6156-25-8 529-34-0 1850-14-2 102-52-3 7696-12-0 65-61-2
200.409 146.185 136.147 164.200 331.407 301.814
C4H12BrN
64-20-0
154.049
hyg bipym
230 dec
1.5625
9918 Tetramethylammonium chloride
C4H12ClN
75-57-0
109.598
hyg bipym (dil al)
420 dec
1.16920
9919 Tetramethylammonium iodide
C4H12IN
75-58-1
201.049
>230 dec
1.82925
9920 N,N,2,6-Tetramethylaniline 9921 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene
C10H15N C10H14
769-06-2 488-23-3
149.233 134.218
liq liq
-36 -6.2
196; 8820 205
0.914720 0.905220
1.520320
liq
-23.7
198
0.890320
1.513020
1.479081
9909 N,N,N’,N’-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl) -1,2-ethanediamine 9910 Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride 9911 Tetrakis(methylthio)methane 9912 1-Tetralone 9913 Tetramethoxymethane 9914 1,1,3,3-Tetramethoxypropane 9915 Tetramethrin 9916 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-3,6Acridine Orange acridinediamine, monohydrochloride 9917 Tetramethylammonium bromide
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
227.5
0.971120
nD
Solubility dec H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl sl H2O, EtOH
152.5
s H2O s chl
liq
8 -2.5
1156 114 183; 6612
wh cry ≈65-80 oran-ye soln
1.098816 1.02325 0.99725 1.10820
1.567220 1.384520 1.408120 1.517521 s H2O, EtOH
vs H2O; sl EtOH; i eth, bz, chl; s MeOH s H2O; sl EtOH; i eth, bz, chl; vs MeOH sl H2O, alk, EtOH, ace; i eth, chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc
9922 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
Isodurene
C10H14
527-53-7
134.218
9923 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
Durene
C10H14
95-93-2
134.218
79.3
196.8
0.838081
C10H16N2
704-01-8
164.247
8.9
215.5
0.956020
C10H16N2
100-22-1
164.247
51
260
C10H14O2
527-18-4
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz, chl s EtOH; sl eth
C14H14O8
sub
vs EtOH
221.8
sub
100.7
106.45 168
sl EtOH, bz, gl HOAc, tol; i lig i H2O; s eth, chl msc H2O; s EtOH, eth
85.8
279
9924 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,2benzenediamine 9925 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,4benzenediamine 9926 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-1,4benzenediol 9927 Tetramethyl 1,2,4,5benzenetetracarboxylate 9928 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethyl-[1,1’biphenyl]-4,4’-diamine 9929 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-[1,1’biphenyl]-4,4’-diamine 9930 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethyl-[1,1’biphenyl]-4,4’-diol 9931 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane 9932 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,4butanediamine 9933 4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl) phenol 9934 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3cyclobutanedione 9935 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-2,5cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
Tetramethyl-pphenylenediamine Durohydroquinone
Duroquinone
9936 9937 9938 9939
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylcyclohexane 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylcyclopentane 1,1,2,2-Tetramethylcyclopropane 2,4,6,8Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane 9940 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7diol 9941 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-4,4’Michler’s ketone diaminobenzophenone 9942 Tetramethyldiarsine 9943 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3diphenyldisiloxane 9944 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane 9945 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3disiloxanediol
Cacodyl
166.217
lf (dil al or lig) nd (al)
233
635-10-9
310.256
nd (al)
144
C16H20N2
54827-17-7
240.343
168.5
C16H20N2
366-29-0
240.343
196.0
C16H18O2
2417-04-1
242.313
C8H18 C8H20N2
594-82-1 111-51-3
114.229 144.258
C14H22O
140-66-9
206.324
C8H12O2
933-52-8
140.180
C10H12O2
527-17-3
164.201
C10H20 C9H18 C7H14 C4H16O4Si4
3726-45-2 50876-33-0 4127-47-3 2370-88-9
140.266 126.239 98.186 240.510
C14H26O2
126-86-3
226.355
C17H20N2O
90-94-8
268.353
C4H12As2 C16H22OSi2
471-35-2 56-33-7
209.981 286.516
C4H14OSi2 C4H14O3Si2
3277-26-7 1118-15-6
134.324 166.323
pa ye nd or pr (HOAc) lf (eth)
0.824220 0.794215
1.469520 1.462125
s chl ye nd (al or lig)
111.5
liq liq liq
-88.4 -81 -65
118 76 134.5
47
16540
lf (al), nd (bz)
179
dec 360
liq liq
-6 -80
165 292; 15613
1.44715 0.976320
71
0.75620 1.09525
66
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, sulf, chl 0.821920 0.746925
1.453120 1.412520
0.991220
1.387020
i H2O
1.517620
i H2O, eth; sl EtOH; vs bz; s chl vs eth, EtOH s ctc
1.370020
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
O O Ti O O
3-479
HO
OH HO
N
N
OH
HO
HO Tetraisopropyl titanate
N,N,N’,N’-Tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine
HS
OH P
O
SH
Cl HS
OH
Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride
SH
Tetrakis(methylthio)methane
1-Tetralone
O O O
O
O
O
O
O
Tetramethoxymethane
N
O
O
1,1,3,3-Tetramethoxypropane
N
O
O Tetramethrin
N
N
HCl
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-3,6-acridinediamine, monohydrochloride
N N
N
Br
Tetramethylammonium bromide
N
Cl
Tetramethylammonium chloride
I
Tetramethylammonium iodide
N,N,2,6-Tetramethylaniline
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene
1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene
O N
O
N N N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,2-benzenediamine
H2N
O O
N
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
O
OH
O
OH
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,4-benzenediamine
2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-1,4-benzenediol
HO
NH2 N
3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-diamine
O
O
Tetramethyl 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate
OH
N
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-diamine
3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethyl-[1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-diol
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane
O O N
N
O
HO
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,4-butanediamine
4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol
O
2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione
H Si O O O Si O Si H H
OH HO
2,4,6,8-Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane
2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol
H
1,2,3,4-Tetramethylcyclohexane
1,1,3,3-Tetramethylcyclopentane
1,1,2,2-Tetramethylcyclopropane
2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione
Si
O Si N
N
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-4,4’-diaminobenzophenone
As As Tetramethyldiarsine
O
Si
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-diphenyldisiloxane
H
Si
O
Si
H
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyldisiloxane
HO
Si
O
Si
OH
1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-disiloxanediol
3-480
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
9946 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,2ethanediamine 9947 Tetramethylgermane 9948 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine 9949 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5heptanedione 9950 3,7,11,15Tetramethylhexadecanoic acid 9951 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-1hexadecen-3-ol 9952 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylhexane 9953 2,2,5,5-Tetramethylhexane 9954 3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexane 9955 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,6hexanediamine 9956 Tetramethyl lead 9957 N,N,N’,N’Tetramethylmethanediamine 9958 Tetramethyloxirane 9959 2,6,10,14-Tetramethylpentadecane
1,2-Dimethylaminoethane
C6H16N2
110-18-9
116.204
liq
-55
121
0.7725
1.417920
Germanium tetramethyl
865-52-1 80-70-6 1118-71-4
132.78 115.177 184.276
32500
1.006
Dipivaloylmethane
C4H12Ge C5H13N3 C11H20O2
9335, 726
0.88325
1.458920
s ctc sl ctc
Phytanic acid
C20H40O2
14721-66-5
312.531
Isophytol
C20H40O
505-32-8
296.531
oil
1080.01
0.851920
1.457120
vs bz, eth, EtOH
C10H22 C10H22 C10H22 C10H24N2
13475-81-5 1071-81-4 5171-84-6 111-18-2
142.282 142.282 142.282 172.311
liq liq
-54 -12.6
160.3 137.4 170.0 209.5
0.760925 0.714825 0.778925 0.80625
1.428220 1.405520 1.436820 1.435920
C4H12Pb C5H14N2
75-74-1 51-80-9
267.3 102.178
liq
-30.2
110 83
1.99520 0.749118
Solubility
-65
s H2O
90.4 296
16
16
0.8156 0.779125
1.3984 1.437025
140.2 133.0 122.29
0.753025 0.738920 0.719520
1.423620 1.414720 1.406920
0.754720
1.422220
Pristane
C6H12O C19H40
5076-20-0 1921-70-6
100.158 268.521
Di-tert-butylmethane
C9H20 C9H20 C9H20
7154-79-2 1186-53-4 1070-87-7
128.255 128.255 128.255
liq liq liq
16747-38-9 14609-79-1 488-70-0
128.255 144.254 150.217
liq
Prehnitenol
C9H20 C9H20O C10H14O
-102.1 52 nd (lig, aq al) 85.3
141.5 165.5 266
9966 2,3,4,6-Tetramethylphenol 9967 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylphenol
C10H14O C10H14O
3238-38-8 527-35-5
150.217 150.217
cry (peth) nd (lig), pr (al)
80.5 118.5
240 247
9968 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4piperidinamine 9969 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 9970 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4piperidinone 9971 N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3propanediamine 9972 Tetramethylpyrazine 9973 Tetramethylsilane
C9H20N2
36768-62-4
156.268
17
188.5
0.91225
1.470620
C9H19N C9H17NO
768-66-1 826-36-8
141.254 155.237
28 orth pl (eth- 36 w) nd (eth)
156 205
0.836716
1.445520
C7H18N2
110-95-2
130.231
144
0.783718
vs eth s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl msc H2O, EtOH, eth
C8H12N2 C4H12Si
1124-11-4 75-76-3
136.194 88.224
cry (w) 86 vol liq or gas -99.06
190 26.6
0.64819
1.358720
C4H12O4Si C4H12Sn C8H12N2
681-84-5 594-27-4 3333-52-6
152.222 178.848 136.194
liq liq mcl pl, lf, pr (dil al) cry (HOAc)
-1.0 -55.1 170.5
121 78
1.023220 1.31425 1.07025
1.368320 1.4386
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; i sulf vs EtOH i H2O; s ctc, CS2 s EtOH
99
237115
1.118320
1.546120
9960 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane 9961 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane 9962 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 9963 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane 9964 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-pentanol 9965 2,3,4,5-Tetramethylphenol
9974 Tetramethyl silicate 9975 Tetramethylstannane 9976 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile
Norpempidine
TMS Methyl silicate Tetramethylbutanedinitrile
-9.75 -121.0 -66.54
9977 2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl-2,4,6,8tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane 9978 Tetramethylthiodicarbonic diamide
C28H32O4Si4
77-63-4
544.894
C6H12N2S3
97-74-5
208.367
109.5
9979 Tetramethylthiourea
C5H12N2S
2782-91-4
132.227
79.3
245
9980 Tetramethylurea 9981 Tetranitromethane
C5H12N2O CN4O8
632-22-4 509-14-8
116.161 196.033
-0.6 13.8
176.5 126.1
9982 2,4,8,10-Tetraoxaspiro[5.5] undecane 9983 2,5,8,11-Tetraoxatridecan-13-ol 9984 Tetraphenoxysilane 9985 1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene
C7H12O4
126-54-5
160.168
48.3
14753, 681
C9H20O5 C24H20O4Si C28H22
23783-42-8 1174-72-7 1450-63-1
208.252 400.500 358.475
49 203.5
9986 2,3,4,5-Tetraphenyl-2,4cyclopentadien-1-one 9987 1,1,2,2-Tetraphenylethane
C29H20O
479-33-4
384.468
C26H22
632-50-8
334.453
9988 1,1,2,2-Tetraphenyl-1,2-ethanediol Benzopinacol
C26H22O2
464-72-2
366.452
9989 1,1,2,2-Tetraphenylethene
C26H20
632-51-9
332.437
C24H20Ge
1048-05-1
381.06
9990 Tetraphenylgermane
Germanium tetraphenyl
liq
blk-viol lf 222.3 (HOAc, xyl) cry (bz), orth 214.5 nd (chl) pr (bz), cry 182 (ace) mcl or orth (bz-eth or chl-al)
225
229.0
0.968720 1.638020
1.449623 1.438420
0.98725 1.141260
1.445320
360
420
i H2O; vs EtOH, bz
sl H2O, lig; vs EtOH, eth s EtOH s chl, peth, HOAc
1.3725
16411 417; 2361
s H2O vs bz, eth, chl, peth
1.1550
i H2O; msc ace, hp i H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz, chl; sl eth s H2O, EtOH, chl; sl eth sl EtOH, eth, ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH
s EtOH, bz, chl, HOAc s EtOH, bz, xyl, HOAc sl EtOH; s bz, HOAc i H2O, peth; sl EtOH; s eth, ace, CS2 i H2O; sl EtOH, chl, eth; vs bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-481 NH
N
N
Ge
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,2-ethanediamine
N
Tetramethylgermane
O
O
N
1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine
O
2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione
OH OH
3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadecanoic acid
3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-1-hexadecen-3-ol
N
N 3,3,4,4-Tetramethylhexane
Pb
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine
2,6,10,14-Tetramethylpentadecane
N
Tetramethyl lead
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane
OH
2,2,3,3-Tetramethylhexane
N
O
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylmethanediamine
2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane
2,2,5,5-Tetramethylhexane
Tetramethyloxirane
2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane
2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane
NH2
OH OH
N H
N H
2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine
OH 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-3-pentanol
2,3,4,5-Tetramethylphenol
2,3,4,6-Tetramethylphenol
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylphenol
O O O Si O O
N N H
N
2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinone
N
Si
N
N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine
Tetramethylsilane
Sn
Tetramethyl silicate
Tetramethylstannane
Si O N
Si O O O Si Si
Tetramethylpyrazine
N
N
S
Tetramethylsuccinonitrile
2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane
O
O
O
O
2,4,8,10-Tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane
S
N
S
N
S
Tetramethylthiodicarbonic diamide
O N
Tetramethylthiourea
N
N
Tetramethylurea
O2N
NO2 NO2 NO2
Tetranitromethane
O O Si O O HO
O
O
O
O
2,5,8,11-Tetraoxatridecan-13-ol
Tetraphenoxysilane
1,1,4,4-Tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene
O
HO
2,3,4,5-Tetraphenyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-one
1,1,2,2-Tetraphenylethane
Ge
OH
1,1,2,2-Tetraphenyl-1,2-ethanediol
1,1,2,2-Tetraphenylethene
Tetraphenylgermane
3-482
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
9991 Tetraphenylmethane
C25H20
630-76-2
320.427
9992 5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacene Rubrene
C42H28
517-51-1
532.671
9993 9994 9995 9996 9997
C24H20Pb C24H20Si C24H20Sn C12H28O4Si C12H28BrN
595-89-1 1048-08-4 595-90-4 682-01-9 1941-30-6
515.6 336.502 427.126 264.434 266.261
C12H28IN
631-40-3
313.261
orth bipym
280 dec
C12H28Sn C12H28O5P2S2 C12H28O4Ti C10H12N2Na4O8
2176-98-9 3244-90-4 3087-37-4 64-02-8
291.060 378.425 284.215 380.169
liq amber liq
-109.1
amorp pow
C44H90 C34H70 C8H12Si C12H24O4Si4
7098-22-8 14167-59-0 1112-55-6 2554-06-5
619.186 478.920 136.267 344.659
pl (eth)
300 (dihydrate) 85.6 72.5
liq
-43.5
285.43 130.2 224; 11112
C2H2N4
290-96-0
82.064
dk red pr
99
sub
CH3N5 CH2N4 C11H17N3O8
4418-61-5 288-94-8 4368-28-9
85.069 70.054 319.268
pl (al) cry
204 dec 157.3 225 dec
sub
1.406020
50-35-1
258.229
nd
270
sl H2O sl H2O,eth, EtOH; s dil HOAc vs py, diox
20398-06-5 115-37-7
249.443 311.375
dec 130 sub 91
3.49 1.30520
C18H21NO3
467-98-1
299.365
cloudy liq -3 pl (eth), pr 193 (dil al) nd or pr (al) 151.5
dec H2O i H2O; vs EtOH, chl; sl eth; s bz sl H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace, bz, AcOEt
C17H22N2S
86-12-4
286.435
C14H19N3S C7H8N4O2
91-79-2 83-67-0
261.386 180.165
C7H8N4O2
58-55-9
180.165
C10H7N3S
148-79-8
201.248
10020 Thiacetazone 10021 Thiacyclohexane
C10H12N4OS C5H10S
104-06-3 1613-51-0
236.293 102.198
10022 1,2,5-Thiadiazole Piazthiole 10023 1,3,4-Thiadiazole 10024 1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione
C2H2N2S C2H2N2S C2H2N2S3
288-39-1 289-06-5 1072-71-5
86.115 86.115 150.245
10025 Thiamine chloride 10026 Thiamine hydrochloride
C12H17ClN4OS C12H18Cl2N4OS
59-43-8 67-03-8
300.807 337.268
10027 Thiamine O-phosphate, chloride 10028 Thianthrene
C12H18ClN4O4PS C12H8S2
532-40-1 92-85-3
380.787 216.322
C3H4N2S
96-50-4
100.142
10030 Thiazole
C3H3NS
288-47-1
85.128
10031 Thiazolidine
C3H7NS
504-78-9
89.160
C4H7NO2S C3H3NO2S
444-27-9 2295-31-0
133.170 117.127
No. Name
Tetraphenylplumbane Tetraphenylsilane Tetraphenylstannane Tetrapropoxysilane Tetrapropylammonium bromide
Synonym
N,N,N-Tripropyl-1propanaminium bromide
9998 Tetrapropylammonium iodide
9999 10000 10001 10002
Tetrapropylstannane Tetrapropyl thiodiphosphate Tetrapropyl titanate Tetrasodium EDTA
Tetratetracontane Tetratriacontane Tetravinylsilane 2,4,6,8-Tetravinyl-2,4,6,8tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane 10007 1,2,4,5-Tetrazine
Aspon 1-Propanol, titanium(4+) salt Edetate sodium
10003 10004 10005 10006
sym-Tetrazine
10008 1H-Tetrazol-5-amine 10009 1H-Tetrazole 10010 Tetrodotoxin
10011 Thalidomide 10012 Thallium(I) ethanolate 10013 Thebaine
2-(2,6-Dioxo-3-piperidinyl)-1 H- C13H10N2O4 isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione Thallous ethoxide C2H5OTl C19H21NO3
10014 Thebainone
10015 Thenaldine
1-Methyl-N-phenyl-N-(2thienylmethyl)-4piperidinamine
10016 Thenyldiamine 10017 Theobromine
10018 Theophylline 10019 Thiabendazole
10029 2-Thiazolamine
10032 4-Thiazolidinecarboxylic acid 10033 2,4-Thiazolidinedione
3,7-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1Hpurine-2,6-dione 1H-Benzimidazole, 2-(4thiazolyl)-
2-Aminothiazole
Timonacic
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
orth nd (bz, sub)
282
431
oran-red (bz-lig)
332.5
228.3 236.5 228
12613 2283 420 226
den/ g cm-3
nD
1.529820 1.07820 0.915820
1.401220
252 1.313825
228 1040.1 206100
1.106520 1.1225
Solubility i H2O, EtOH, eth, lig, HOAc; s bz, tol i H2O; sl EtOH, eth, ace, py; s bz s chl s ctc, CS2 sl chl s ctc, CS2 vs H2O, chl vs H2O, chl; s EtOH, HOAc; sl eth
1.474520 1.471021
sl H2O, peth sl EtOH
96
1590.02
orth or mcl nd (w)
357
1701 sub 290
nd or pl (w+1)
273
0.772890 0.799920 0.987520
1.429690 1.462520 s ctc, CS2 s H2O, EtOH, eth, sulf
1.591520 sl H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz, ctc, lig, chl s H2O; sl EtOH, eth, chl
sub 305 225 dec 19 liq cry (sub) ye cry (MeOH) cry mcl pl
-50.1 42.5 168
141.8
0.986120
1.506720
94 204
1.26825
1.515025 s H2O
164 248 dec
200 mcl pr or pl 159.3 (al) ye pl (al) 93
-33.62
cry (w) 196.5 pl (w), pr (al) 128
i H2O, os, CS2 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz
s H2O vs H2O; sl EtOH; i eth, bz, chl 365
1.442020
14011
118
1.199817
1.596920
164.5
1.13125
1.55120
17919
i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, CS2 sl H2O, EtOH, eth, chl; vs dil HCl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace msc H2O; s EtOH, ctc; vs eth, ace vs H2O vs eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Tetraphenylmethane
3-483
5,6,11,12-Tetraphenylnaphthacene
O O Si O O
N
Tetrapropoxysilane
Br
Si
Sn
Tetraphenylplumbane
Tetraphenylsilane
Tetraphenylstannane
N
Tetrapropylammonium bromide
O O Ti O O
Pb
Sn
S S O P O P O O O
Tetrapropylstannane
Tetrapropyl thiodiphosphate
I
Tetrapropylammonium iodide
COO Na Na
OOC
Na
OOC
N N
Tetrapropyl titanate
Si
COO Na H3C(CH2)42CH3
H3C(CH2)32CH3
Tetratetracontane
Tetratriacontane
Tetrasodium EDTA
OH H
OH OH
HN Si O
Si
O O Si O Si
N
H 2N N
N
2,4,6,8-Tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane
1,2,4,5-Tetrazine
1H-Tetrazol-5-amine
N O
N
N
N
N H
S
S
H2N
N H
N
Thalidomide
Theobromine
S
NH2
Cl
NH2
N
N
N
N
HO
N
S
S
N
S
1,2,5-Thiadiazole
1,3,4-Thiadiazole
O HO P OH O
HCl
N
Thiamine hydrochloride
Cl
NH2
N
N
S
H N S
N NH2
2-Thiazolamine
S Thiazole
O
H
N S Thiazolidine
N
Thiamine O-phosphate, chloride
OH
S
N
N
N N N
Thiacyclohexane
Thiamine chloride
S
N
N
O
N Thenyldiamine
Cl
S
H
S
O
Thiacetazone
HO
Thianthrene
O
H N
N
H S
N H
N
Thenaldine
S
N N S
O
N N
Thiabendazole
1,3,4-Thiadiazolidine-2,5-dithione
S
Thebainone
H N
H
O
Tetrodotoxin
N
O Thebaine
Theophylline
1H-Tetrazole
N
O
O
N
N O OH H O HO OH
O
N Thallium(I) ethanolate
HN
HO
O O
N N N N H
O
O
O
Tl
N N N N H
N
Tetravinylsilane
O
H N
N S 4-Thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
S
O
2,4-Thiazolidinedione
3-484
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
10034 2-Thiazolidinethione
10035 Thidiazuron
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
C3H5NS2
96-53-7
119.209
nd (w, MeOH)
51707-55-2
220.251
211 dec
88-15-3
126.176
10.5
213.5
1.167920
1.566720
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
107.3
s H2O, bz, chl; sl EtOH; i eth, CS2
10036 1-(2-Thienyl)ethanone
N-Phenyl-N’-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5- C9H8N4OS yl-urea C6H6OS
10037 Thiepane
Hexamethylene sulfide
C6H12S
4753-80-4
116.224
liq
0.5
173.5
0.99120
1.504418
10038 Thietane
Trimethylene sulfide
C3H6S
287-27-4
74.145
liq
-73.24
95.0
1.020020
1.510220
10039 Thietane 1,1-dioxide
Trimethylene sulfone
C3H6O2S
5687-92-3
106.144
75.5
91.214
10040 Thiethylperazine 10041 Thiirane
C22H29N3S2 C2H4S
1420-55-9 420-12-2
399.615 60.118
cry
Ethylene sulfide
63 -109
2270.01 dec 57
10042 Thioacetaldehyde trimer
2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-trithiane
C6H12S3
2765-04-0
180.354
α-mcl pl; β- 101 nd (ace)
10043 Thioacetamide
Ethanethioamide
C2H5NS
62-55-5
75.133
C2H4OS
507-09-5
76.117
ye fuming liq <-17
C12H16ClNOS C22H30O2S
28249-77-6 96-69-5
257.779 358.537
cry
C4H12N2S C30H58O4S
871-76-1 123-28-4
120.216 514.845
ye cry
62-46-4 463-56-9 59669-26-0 123-93-3
206.326 59.091 354.470 150.154
ye nd
C6H10O4S C9H18N2O2S CH2S C2H4O2S
111-17-1 39196-18-4 865-36-1 68-11-1
178.206 218.316 46.092 92.117
cry wh pow
C2H5N3S2 C3H6O2S
541-53-7 71563-86-5
135.211 106.144
mcl cry
C6H15O2PS3 C4H9NS
640-15-3 123-90-0
246.351 103.186
oil
C8H13N2O3PS
297-97-2
248.239
liq
-0.9
80
C12H14N4O4S2 C4H4S
23564-05-8 110-02-1
342.394 84.140
liq
172 dec -38.21
C6H6O2S
1918-77-0
142.176
cry (w)
76
C6H5NS C5H3NS C5H3NS C5H3ClOS C5H4OS
20893-30-5 1003-31-2 1641-09-4 5271-67-0 98-03-3
123.176 109.150 109.150 146.595 112.150
10044 Thioacetic acid
10045 Thiobencarb 10046 4,4’-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-mcresol) 10047 2,2’-Thiobisethanamine 10048 3,3’-Thiobispropanoic acid, didodecyl ester 10049 Thioctic acid 10050 Thiocyanic acid 10051 Thiodicarb 10052 Thiodiglycolic acid 10053 10054 10055 10056
3,3’-Thiodipropionic acid Thiofanox Thioformaldehyde Thioglycolic acid
10057 Thioimidodicarbonic diamide 10058 Thiolactic acid 10059 Thiometon 10060 Thiomorpholine 10061 Thionazin 10062 Thiophanate-methyl 10063 Thiophene
Bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2methylphenyl) sulfide Bis(2-aminoethyl) sulfide Didodecyl thiobispropanoate
1,2-Dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid C8H14O2S2 CHNS C10H18N4O4S3 Thiodiacetic acid C4H6O4S
Methanethial
2,4-Dithiobiuret
Thiamorpholine Phosphorothioic acid, O,Odiethyl O-pyrazinyl ester Thiofuran
10064 2-Thiopheneacetic acid 10065 10066 10067 10068 10069
2-Thiopheneacetonitrile 2-Thiophenecarbonitrile 3-Thiophenecarbonitrile 2-Thiophenecarbonyl chloride 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
2-Cyanothiophene 3-Cyanothiophene
10070 3-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
3-Formylthiophene
C5H4OS
498-62-4
112.150
10071 2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid
2-Carboxythiophene
C5H4O2S
527-72-0
128.150
10072 3-Thiophenecarboxylic acid 10073 2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylic acid
3-Thenoic acid 2,5-Dicarboxythiophene
C5H4O2S C6H4O4S
88-13-1 4282-31-9
128.150 172.159
C5H6OS C4H3ClO2S2 C23H28ClN3O2S C5H4S2
636-72-6 16629-19-9 84-06-0 1120-94-1
114.166 182.649 446.005 128.216
10074 10075 10076 10077
2-Thiophenemethanol 2-Thiophenesulfonyl chloride Thiopropazate 4H-Thiopyran-4-thione
1.515620
1.013020
1.493520
93; 2635
1.06420
1.464820
1270.008
1.1620
246.5
115.5
1.7 163
Solubility
sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc i H2O; s eth, ace, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, bz; s ace s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, peth sl ace sl EtOH, eth; s ace, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; vs bz, chl vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz; s DMSO s H2O, chl; vs EtOH, ace; msc eth
232; 11917 39
cry (w)
61 dec 0 173 129
162
i H2O vs H2O; s os 1.420 sl H2O; vs EtOH; s bz vs H2O, EtOH
129 57
unstab gas -16.5
12020
1.325320
1.508020
181 dec 12
10615
1.193820
1.481020
1100.1, 770.01 175; 110100
1.20920 1.088220
1.538620
84.0
1.064920
1.528920
12023 192 204; 8515 280 197; 8516
1.15525 1.17225
1.542520 1.562920
1.212721
1.592020
oil pa ye liq
86.720 nd (w)
129.5
dec 260
138 359
sub 150
28 47
207; 8610 1006 2160.1
1.585520
1.205316
1.528020
msc H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl vs ace s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl chl sl H2O; s os vs H2O, ace, eth, EtOH
msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc, diox, py; sl chl vs H2O, eth, EtOH s chl
i H2O; vs EtOH; s eth; sl chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth vs H2O, EtOH, eth; s chl; sl peth s H2O sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s EtOH, ace s eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-485 N N
H
H N
N S
S
H N O
2-Thiazolidinethione
S
N N S N
S O O
S O
Thidiazuron
S
S
1-(2-Thienyl)ethanone
Thiepane
Thietane
S
Thietane 1,1-dioxide
Thiethylperazine
N
S O S
S
S
S NH2
S
S
Thiirane
Thioacetaldehyde trimer
HO OH
Thioacetamide
Thioacetic acid
Thiobencarb
O
H2N
4,4’-Thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol)
O
S
OH
O
NH2
S
2,2’-Thiobisethanamine
OH
O
O
S
S
Cl
S
3,3’-Thiobispropanoic acid, didodecyl ester
Thioctic acid
O S N HS
O N
O O
N
N
O
N
O
N
Thiocyanic acid
O S
Thiodicarb
O
O S
HO
O S
HO
OH
Thiodiglycolic acid
N H S
S OH
H
3,3’-Thiodipropionic acid
Thiofanox
N S
O HS
H2N
OH
Thioglycolic acid
S
N H
S O P O
S
S
OH
NH2
SH Thiolactic acid
H N
N
O
S P O O
S
Thiometon
Thiomorpholine
Thionazin
O N H H N
NH
S
Thioimidodicarbonic diamide
S NH
O
H
Thioformaldehyde
O N O
O S
O
Thiophanate-methyl
Thiophene
N OH
S
2-Thiopheneacetic acid
S
S 2-Thiopheneacetonitrile
S
N
2-Thiophenecarbonitrile
3-Thiophenecarbonitrile
O O Cl
S
S
O 2-Thiophenecarbonyl chloride
2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
S 3-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
OH
OH
S
O
S
O 2-Thiophenecarboxylic acid
N N
S
OH
2-Thiophenemethanol
S
Cl S O O
2-Thiophenesulfonyl chloride
N
HO O
3-Thiophenecarboxylic acid
S
Cl
S
S Thiopropazate
O
2,5-Thiophenedicarboxylic acid
O O
OH
S
4H-Thiopyran-4-thione
3-486
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
10078 Thioquinox
C9H4N2S3
93-75-4
236.336
br-ye pow
180
10079 Thioridazine 10080 cis-Thiothixene 10081 Thiourea
50-52-2 3313-26-6 62-56-6
262.477 443.625 76.121
cry cry orth (al)
73 148 178
2300.02
Thiocarbamide
C12H26N2S2 C23H29N3O2S2 CH4N2S
10082 9H-Thioxanthene 10083 9H-Thioxanthen-9-one
Dibenzothiapyran Thioxanthone
C13H10S C13H8OS
261-31-4 492-22-8
198.283 212.267
nd (al-chl) ye nd (chl)
128.5 209
341 373
10084 2-Thioxo-4-imidazolidinone
2-Thiohydantoin
C3H4N2OS
503-87-7
116.141
wh nd (w)
230 dec
10085 2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinone
Rhodanine
C3H3NOS2
141-84-4
133.192
C6H12N2S4
137-26-8
240.432
C4H9NO3
72-19-5
119.119
lt ye pr (al, 170 w) wh or ye mcl 155.6 (chl-al) 256 dec
C4H8O4
95-43-2
120.105
C4H8O4 C10H12O2
95-44-3 499-89-8
120.105 164.201
C10H16O
546-80-5
152.233
C15H24 C10H14N2O5
470-40-6 50-89-5
204.352 242.228
C5H6N2O2
65-71-4
126.114
316
C10H14O
89-83-8
150.217
49.5
10096 Thymol Blue
C27H30O5S
76-61-9
466.589
grn-red (al, eth)
10097 Thymol iodide
C20H24I2O2
552-22-7
550.213
amorp
10098 Thymolphthalein
C28H30O4
125-20-2
430.536
pr or nd (al) 253
10099 L-Thyroxine
C15H11I4NO4
51-48-9
776.871
nd
10100 Timolol 10101 Tiocarlide 10102 Tipepidine
C13H24N4O3S C23H32N2O2S C15H17NS2
26839-75-8 910-86-1 5169-78-8
316.420 400.577 275.433
oil ye cry
No. Name
Synonym
10086 Thiram 10087 L-Threonine
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, [R-(R*,S*)]
10088 D-Threose 10089 L-Threose 10090 Thujic acid
10091 α-Thujone 10092 3-Thujopsene 10093 Thymidine
5,5-Dimethyl-1,3,6cycloheptatriene-1-carboxylic acid 4-Methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one, ( l) Widdrene Thymine 2-desoxyriboside
10094 Thymine 10095 Thymol
2-Isopropyl-5-methylphenol
3-(Di-2-thienylmethylene)-1methylpiperidine
hyg-syr or nd (w)
129
cry (peth)
88.5
bp/˚C
s H2O; i EtOH, eth, chl
vs H2O
liq nd (AcOEt)
201.2
0.910925
1.449015
12212
0.93224
1.503125
186.5
232.5
1.522720
235
146 65
cry pa ye visc oil
2050.1
10105 γ-Tocopherol
7,8-Dimethyltocol
C28H48O2
7616-22-0
416.680
pa ye visc oil -1.5
2050.1
10106 δ-Tocopherol
8-Methyltocol
C27H46O2
119-13-1
402.653
pa ye visc oil
1500.001
C14H21N3O3S C12H18N2O3S
1156-19-0 64-77-7
311.400 270.347
cry orth cry
172 128.5
10109 o-Tolidine
N-[(Butylamino)carbonyl]-4methylbenzenesulfonamide 3,3’-Dimethylbenzidine
C14H16N2
119-93-7
212.290
131
10110 Tolmetin 10111 Toluene
Methylbenzene
C15H15NO3 C7H8
26171-23-3 108-88-3
257.285 92.139
wh-red lf (EtOH aq) cry (MeCN) liq
10112 Toluene-2,4-diamine
4-Methyl-1,3-benzenediamine
C7H10N2
95-80-7
122.167
10113 Toluene-3,5-diamine 10114 Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate 10115 Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
5-Methyl-1,3-benzenediamine
C7H10N2 C9H6N2O2 C9H6N2O2
108-71-4 584-84-9 91-08-7
122.167 174.156 174.156
C7H8O3S
104-15-4
172.202
C7H10O4S
6192-52-5
190.217
110.63
99
292
hyg pl (w+1) 104.5 mcl lf or pl 105.3
s H2O, EtOH, ace, py, HOAc; sl chl sl H2O, EtOH, eth, DMSO i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl, AcOEt sl H2O, ace, bz; s EtOH, HOAc, PhNH2 i H2O; s eth; vs EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; sl DMSO sl H2O; i EtOH, bz
s H2O vs ace, eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, chl 1.24525
156 dec -94.95
20.5 18.3
i H2O; s EtOH
1814.5
467.516 416.680
nd (w), cry (al) oil
0.97025
222 dec
32986-56-4 148-03-8
4-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid, monohydrate
s H2O, EtOH; i eth s chl i H2O, peth; sl EtOH; s bz, chl, CS2 vs H2O, EtOH; s eth, alk sl H2O, DMSO; vs EtOH, eth vs chl
12920
C18H37N5O9 C28H48O2
10117 p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
Solubility i H2O; sl ace, EtOH, peth sl ace
0.86825
5,8-Dimethyltocol
10116 p-Toluenesulfonic acid
nD
1.40525
10103 Tobramycin 10104 β-Tocopherol
10107 Tolazamide 10108 Tolbutamide
den/ g cm-3
284 251
14020
0.862325
1.224420
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth 1.494125
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ace, CS2 vs H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; s chl vs ace, bz, eth dec H2O; s ace, bz vs H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-487
N
N
N O
N
S
N
S
S
N
N
S
S O O
S
Thioquinox
Thioridazine
S
S H2N
cis-Thiothixene
NH2
Thiourea
S
S
9H-Thioxanthene
9H-Thioxanthen-9-one
HO O
NH S
N H
S
2-Thioxo-4-imidazolidinone
OH O
S
O
NH
N S
S
CHO HO H H OH CH2OH
S
OH
N NH2
S
2-Thioxo-4-thiazolidinone
Thiram
L-Threonine
O
CHO H OH HO H CH2OH
D-Threose
L-Threose
Thujic acid
O HN HO O
HO
O O
N
O
N H
OH 3-Thujopsene
HO
Thymidine
I
OH
NH
α-Thujone
OH
O
O
I
S O O
O
Thymine
Thymol
O
Thymol Blue
Thymol iodide
OH O
I I
HO O
O
I
N
I
Thymolphthalein
O
N
NH2
O
OH
O
OH
S
H N
H N
N
L-Thyroxine
H N S
O
Timolol
O
Tiocarlide
HO O NH2
H 2N
HO O
OH O
S HO
O
S
H2N
HO OH NH2
N
O
NH2 Tipepidine
β-Tocopherol
Tobramycin
HO
HO
N HN
O
O γ-Tocopherol
H N
H2N
Tolbutamide
C
HO
NH2
NH2
C
Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate
Toluene
OH O S O
O
C
N
N
C
Toluene-2,6-diisocyanate
H2N
NH2
Tolmetin
O
N
N O
o-Tolidine
N
O
Tolazamide
O
S O O O
S O O O
δ-Tocopherol
H N
H N
Toluene-2,4-diamine
OH O S O H2O
O p-Toluenesulfonic acid
NH2
Toluene-3,5-diamine
p-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
3-488
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
10118 p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride
C7H7ClO2S
98-59-9
190.648
tcl (eth, peth) 71
14515
10119 o-Toluic acid
C8H8O2
118-90-1
136.149
pr or nd (w) 103.5
259
10120 m-Toluic acid
C8H8O2
99-04-7
136.149
109.9
10121 p-Toluic acid
C8H8O2
99-94-5
136.149
179.6
C9H13N5
93-69-6
191.233
C50H83NO21 C22H19Br4NO3
17406-45-0 66841-25-6
270
C9H11N C12H22O11
155-09-9 99-20-7
1034.188 nd (MeOH) 665.007 oran-ye solid 133.190 cry 342.296 orth cry
C6H9NO3 C9H14O6
641-06-5 102-76-1
143.140 218.203
nd (eth) col oily liq
79 -78
10129 Triacontane
C30H62
638-68-6
422.813
orth (eth, bz) 65.1
10130 Triacontanoic acid
C30H60O2
506-50-3
452.796
sc, nd (al, ace) nd (eth),pl (bz) cry
No. Name
10122 N-o-Tolylbiguanide
Synonym
N-(2-Methylphenyl) imidodicarbonimidic diamide
10123 Tomatine 10124 Tralomethrin 10125 Tranylcypromine 10126 Trehalose 10127 Triacetamide 10128 Triacetin
2-Phenylcyclopropylamine
Glycerol triacetate
10131 1-Triacontanol
Myricyl alcohol
C30H62O
593-50-0
438.812
10132 Triadimenol
Mercury, chloro(2methoxyethyl)-
C3H7ClHgO
123-88-6
295.13
C10H16Cl3NOS C9H15O4P C12H15N3O3
2303-17-5 1623-19-4 1025-15-6
304.664 218.186 249.265
C21H27FO6 C12H19N6OP
124-94-7 1031-47-6
394.433 294.292
C14H16ClN5O5S C3H3N3 C3H3N3 C3H3N3O2 C3H6N6
82097-50-5 290-38-0 290-87-9 461-89-2 108-78-1
401.826 81.076 81.076 113.075 126.120
10133 Triallate 10134 Triallyl phosphate 10135 1,3,5-Triallyl-1,3,5-triazine2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione 10136 Triamcinolone 10137 Triamiphos 10138 10139 10140 10141 10142
Triasulfuron 1,2,4-Triazine 1,3,5-Triazine 1,2,4-Triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Fluoxiprednisolone
Melamine
nd or pl (w+1)
mp/˚C
pa ye oil
mcl pr (w)
den/ g cm-3
nD
1.062115
1.512115
1.054112
1.509
145.0
44 203
1.5824
259
1.158320
1.430120
452.0
0.809720
1.435270 1.4323100
0.77795
88
1170.0003 1087 1494, 1050.5
1.27325 1.081520 1.159020
sl chl
270 167
sl H2O; s os
1.514925
157 114
1.3825
sub
1.57316
1.87220
ye pr
>300
C12H16N3O3PS C17H12Cl2N4
24017-47-8 28911-01-5
313.312 343.210
5 234
C2H4N4
61-82-5
84.080
ye-br oil tan cry (2PrOH) cry (w, al)
159
C2H3N3
288-36-8
69.065
hyg cry
23
C2H3N3 C2H5N5
288-88-0 1455-77-2
69.065 99.095
nd (bz/EtOH) 120.5 211.5
C15H17N5O6S C21H21N
101200-48-0 395.391 620-40-6 287.399
C2HBr3O
115-17-3
280.740
10153 Tribromoacetic acid 10154 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline
C2HBr3O2 C6H4Br3N
75-96-7 147-82-0
296.740 329.815
10155 1,2,4-Tribromobenzene
C6H3Br3
615-54-3
314.800
10156 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene
C6H3Br3
626-39-1
314.800
10157 1,1,2-Tribromobutane
C4H7Br3
3675-68-1
294.811
216.2
2.183520
1.562617
10158 1,2,2-Tribromobutane
C4H7Br3
3675-69-2
294.811
213.8
2.169220
1.56820
Amitrole
10147 1H-1,2,3-Triazole 10148 1H-1,2,4-Triazole 10149 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3,5-diamine 10150 Tribenuron-methyl 10151 Tribenzylamine 10152 Tribromoacetaldehyde
Pyrrodiazole
N,N-Bis(phenylmethyl) benzenemethanamine Bromal
solid 141 pl (eth), mcl 91.5 (al)
mcl nd (al, bz)
1.251420
204
1.186125
i H2O; s os
1.485425
260 dec
385
0.991295
174
2.664925
132 122
dec 245 300
2.3520
44.5
275
nd or pr (al) 122.8
sl H2O, EtOH; i eth
22
177.271
10146 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
100
s EtOH, eth
638-16-4
Trithiocyanuric acid
vs H2O; s EtOH; i eth, bz vs eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz; vs ace i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth; vs bz vs bz, CS2, chl
i H2O; s EtOH, ace
C3H3N3S3
10143 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)trithione 10144 Triazofos 10145 Triazolam
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl; vs bz i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s chl sl H2O, chl; vs EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, MeOH; sl tfa sl H2O; vs EtOH, ace; i bz, chl, eth vs EtOH, diox
vs bz, eth, EtOH
115
186 16.5 80.3 276.8 345 dec
Solubility
12732
93.6
29 -50 20.5 cry cry (EtOH aq)
bp/˚C
1.593920
271
vs H2O, EtOH; i eth, ace; s chl; sl AcOEt s H2O; s eth, ace; i lig s H2O, EtOH s H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz sl H2O, EtOH; s eth, ctc vs ace, eth, EtOH s H2O, EtOH, eth i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace; sl bz i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, chl vs eth, EtOH, chl vs eth, EtOH, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-489 H N
H
O H HO O OH
HO HO
O
HO
OH
HO
o-Toluic acid
m-Toluic acid
p-Toluic acid
OH
O
O
O
H N
OH
NH2
HO
NH HN p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride
H
OH
HO
O H N
O O
O
HO
Cl O S O
HO O
O
OH
N-o-Tolylbiguanide
Tomatine
HO O OH
Br Br
HO HO
Br
O
O
OH
NH2
O
HO OH
Tranylcypromine
O
O O
N
N Tralomethrin
O
O
O
O Br
O OH
O
Trehalose
O
O
Triacetamide
Triacetin
Triacontane
O
Cl OH Hg OH
Triacontanoic acid
O
1-Triacontanol
N O
OH
N
Triallate
O OH
H
OH
N H2N
F O Triallyl phosphate
1,3,5-Triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione
Triamcinolone
N N P N N O Triamiphos
O N
O
N N
N H
O O S N H
Cl
O
N
N N
N
Triasulfuron
1,2,4-Triazine
O
N
S
NH2
H N
O
N
NH
N
1,3,5-Triazine
1,2,4-Triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione
HN
N N
H2N
N
N
Cl
Cl
HO O
N
S
Triadimenol
O O P O O O
O
Cl
NH
S
NH2
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
N H
S
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trithione
N O
N N
N
O P O S
N
N O N
Cl
NH2
N
Cl
N H Triazofos
Triazolam
N N N H
N
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
1H-1,2,3-Triazole
NH2 N
O Br Br
Tribenzylamine
Br
O Br
Tribromoacetaldehyde
Br Br
N
N N H
NH2
N
H2N
1H-1,2,4-Triazole
N H
N
N
N
Tribromoacetic acid
N H
N
1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3,5-diamine
O O O S
O
Tribenuron-methyl
Br Br
Br
Br
Br Br
OH Br
O
N
Br 2,4,6-Tribromoaniline
Br 1,2,4-Tribromobenzene
Br
Br
1,3,5-Tribromobenzene
Br 1,1,2-Tribromobutane
Br Br Br 1,2,2-Tribromobutane
3-490
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
10159 1,2,3-Tribromobutane
C4H7Br3
632-05-3
294.811
liq
-19
220
2.190720
1.568020
10160 1,2,4-Tribromobutane
C4H7Br3
38300-67-3
294.811
liq
-18
215
2.17020
1.560820
10161 2,2,3-Tribromobutane
C4H7Br3
62127-47-3
294.811
0.9
206
2.172320
1.560220
10162 Tribromochloromethane 10163 1,1,2-Tribromoethane
CBr3Cl C2H3Br3
594-15-0 78-74-0
287.176 266.757
lf (eth) liq
55 -29.3
158.5 188.93
2.7115 2.621020
1.593320
10164 2,2,2-Tribromoethanol
C2H3Br3O
75-80-9
282.756
nd or pr (peth)
81
9210
vs eth, EtOH, chl vs eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl; sl ctc vs eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, ctc vs bz, eth, EtOH
10165 Tribromoethene
C2HBr3
598-16-3
264.741
164
2.70820
1.604516
CBr3F CHBr3
353-54-8 75-25-2
270.721 252.731
liq
-73.6 8.69
108 149.1
2.878825
1.594825
C7H5Br3O
607-99-8
344.826
nd (al)
88
298
2.49125
No. Name
10166 Tribromofluoromethane 10167 Tribromomethane
Synonym
Bromoform
10168 1,3,5-Tribromo-2-methoxybenzene 10169 2,4,6-Tribromo-3-methylphenol
2,4,6-Tribromo-m-cresol
C7H5Br3O
4619-74-3
344.826
10170 1,1,1-Tribromo-2-methyl-2propanol 10171 Tribromonitromethane
1,1,1-Tribromo-tert-butyl alcohol
C4H7Br3O
76-08-4
310.810
CBr3NO2
464-10-8
297.729
10172 2,4,6-Tribromophenol
C6H3Br3O
118-79-6
330.799
10173 1,1,2-Tribromopropane
C3H5Br3
14602-62-1
10174 1,2,2-Tribromopropane
C3H5Br3
10175 1,2,3-Tribromopropane
C3H5Br3
10176 2,3,5-Tribromothiophene 10177 Tribromotrimethyldialuminum 10178 Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2,3propanetricarboxylate 10179 Tributyl aluminate 10180 Tributylaluminum 10181 Tributylamine
nd (lig) cry (dil al) pr
169
sub
10
12718
2.81112
nd (al), pr (bz)
95.5
286
2.5520
280.784
200.5
2.354720
1.579020
14476-30-3
280.784
190.5
2.298420
1.567020
96-11-7
280.784
16.9
222.1
2.420820
1.586220
C4HBr3S Methyl aluminum sesquibromide C3H9Al2Br3 C20H34O8
3141-24-0 12263-85-3 77-90-7
320.828 338.778 402.479
29
260 11050 1731
1-Butanol, aluminum salt
C12H27AlO3 C12H27Al C12H27N
3085-30-1 1116-70-7 102-82-9
246.322 198.324 185.349
liq
C12H27BO3
688-74-4
230.151
oil
C12H27FSn C18H30O
1983-10-4 732-26-3
309.050 262.430
nd ≈260 cry (al, peth) 131
N,N-Dibutyl-1-butanamine
10182 Tributyl borate 10183 Tributylfluorostannane 10184 2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenol
Tributyltin fluoride
10185 Tributyl phosphate 10186 Tributylphosphine 10187 Tributyl phosphite 10188 10189 10190 10191
84
Tributoxyphosphine
S,S,S-Tributyl phosphorotrothioate S,S,S-Tributyl trithiophosphate Tributylsilane Tributylstannane Tributyltin hydride Tributyrin Butanoic acid, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester
nd (al) hyg col liq
-70
2605 1022 216.5
0.777020
1.429920
<-70
234
0.856720
1.410618
sub >200 278
0.86427 25
126-73-8
266.313
289
0.9727
C12H27P C12H27O3P
998-40-3 102-85-2
202.316 250.314
240; 15050 13726, 12212
0.81225 0.925920
C12H27OPS3 C12H28Si C12H28Sn C15H26O6
78-48-8 998-41-4 688-73-3 60-01-5
314.510 200.436 291.060 302.363
liq liq
-75
1500.3 221 1138, 760.7 307.5
1.05720 0.779420 1.10320 1.035020
≈100 dec (hyd) 77 -57.5
1000.1 97.8
142
240
hyg cry
59.2
196.5
liq
-42
nd (lig)
73
<-25
Calcium citrate
C12H10Ca3O14
813-94-5
498.433
cry (w)
10193 Trichlorfon 10194 Trichloroacetaldehyde
Chloral
C4H8Cl3O4P C2HCl3O
52-68-6 75-87-6
257.437 147.387
liq
10195 2,2,2-Trichloroacetamide
C2H2Cl3NO
594-65-0
162.402
10196 Trichloroacetic acid
C2HCl3O2
76-03-9
163.387
10197 10198 10199 10200
C4Cl6O3 C2Cl3N C2Cl4O C6H4Cl3N
4124-31-6 545-06-2 76-02-8 634-67-3
308.759 144.387 181.832 196.462
Trichloroacetic anhydride Trichloroacetonitrile Trichloroacetyl chloride 2,3,4-Trichloroaniline
sl chl
C12H27O4P
10192 Tricalcium citrate
1.579020
sl H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, ace, chl i H2O; s EtOH sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s bz, lig, chl sl H2O, EtOH; vs ace, bz; s ctc s EtOH, eth, bz, HOAc; sl chl, peth sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth; vs ace, bz i H2O; vs EtOH; s eth, bz, HOAc, chl i H2O; s EtOH, chl, HOAc; vs eth vs eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl ctc s chl
1.4224
25
1.461920 1.432119
sl H2O, ctc; vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz s EtOH, bz; vs eth, MeOH i H2O, alk; s EtOH, ace, ctc s H2O, eth, bz, CS2; msc EtOH s EtOH; sl ctc; vs eth
1.438020 1.435920
i H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz; sl ctc; vs eth sl H2O; i EtOH
1.7320 1.51220
1.458020
1.612664
1.460361
dec 223; 13960 1.690820 85.7 1.440325 117.9 1.620220 292
1.440920 1.469520
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth vs H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc vs eth, HOAc i H2O msc eth vs EtOH
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-491
Br
Br Br
Br Br
1,2,4-Tribromobutane
Br
Br
Br
2,2,3-Tribromobutane
Br Br
Br
Br
Br Br
Br
1,2,3-Tribromobutane
Cl Br
Br
Tribromochloromethane
1,1,2-Tribromoethane
OH Br
2,2,2-Tribromoethanol
OH Br Br
F
H Br
Br
Br
H Br
Br Br
Tribromofluoromethane
Br Br
O Br
Br
Tribromoethene
Br
Br
Tribromomethane
Br
HO
Br
1,3,5-Tribromo-2-methoxybenzene
2,4,6-Tribromo-3-methylphenol
Br Br
1,1,1-Tribromo-2-methyl-2-propanol
OH Br
Br
NO2 Br Br Br
Br
Tribromonitromethane
2,4,6-Tribromophenol
Br
Br Br
Br
Br
Br
Br Br Br
1,1,2-Tribromopropane
Br
Br
1,2,2-Tribromopropane
1,2,3-Tribromopropane
Br
S
2,3,5-Tribromothiophene
O O O
O Br
Br
O
O
Al
Al
O O
Br Tribromotrimethyldialuminum
O
Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
O Al
Al
O
Tributyl aluminate
Tributylaluminum
OH
N
O
Tributylamine
O B
O P O O O
Sn O
F
Tributyl borate
Tributylfluorostannane
2,4,6-Tri-tert-butylphenol
Tributyl phosphate
O P S S S
P
O
Tributylphosphine
O P
Si H
O
Tributyl phosphite
S,S,S-Tributyl phosphorotrothioate
Tributylsilane
O O
O O
O
O
Sn H
O
O
OH
O
Tributylstannane
O
O
3Ca
2
Cl Cl
O 2
Tributyrin
Tricalcium citrate
O
O P
O OH
Cl Cl
Cl Trichlorfon
O Cl
Trichloroacetaldehyde
NH2 O Cl Cl
O NH2
Cl
2,2,2-Trichloroacetamide
Cl Cl
O OH
Cl
Trichloroacetic acid
Cl Cl
O O
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Trichloroacetic anhydride
Cl Cl
N Cl
Trichloroacetonitrile
Cl
O Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Trichloroacetyl chloride
Cl Cl 2,3,4-Trichloroaniline
3-492
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
10201 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline
C6H4Cl3N
636-30-6
196.462
nd (lig)
96.5
270
10202 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline
C6H4Cl3N
634-93-5
196.462
cry (al), nd 78.5 (lig or peth)
262
10203 2,3,6-Trichlorobenzaldehyde 10204 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
C7H3Cl3O C6H3Cl3
4659-47-6 87-61-6
209.457 181.447
nd (lig) pl (al)
87.3 51.3
218.5
1.453325
10205 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
C6H3Cl3
120-82-1
181.447
orth
16.92
213.5
1.45925
10206 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene
C6H3Cl3
108-70-3
181.447
nd
62.8
208
C8H5Cl3O2 C6H3Cl3O2
85-34-7 56961-20-7
239.484 213.446
C7H3Cl3O2 C12H7Cl3 C12H7Cl3
50-31-7 15862-07-4 35693-92-6
225.457 257.543 257.543
161 (i) pr (HOAc) 115(form a); (ii) pr (bz) 134(form b) 124.5 cry 78.5 cry (EtOH 62.5 17215 aq) nd (al) 108.5 260; 1860.05
No. Name
10207 2,3,6-Trichlorobenzeneacetic acid 10208 3,4,5-Trichloro-1,2-benzenediol
Synonym
Chlorfenac
10209 2,3,6-Trichlorobenzoic acid 10210 2,4,5-Trichlorobiphenyl 10211 2,4,6-Trichlorobiphenyl 10212 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4chlorophenyl)ethane
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane C14H9Cl5 (DDT)
50-29-3
354.486
10213 2,2,3-Trichlorobutanal
2,2,3-Trichlorobutyraldehyde
C4H5Cl3O
76-36-8
175.441
Triclocarban
C4H5Cl3 C13H9Cl3N2O C7H4Cl4
2431-50-7 101-20-2 3955-26-8
159.442 315.581 229.919
CH2Cl4Si C6H4Cl4Si C3H6Cl4Si CHCl5Si C2HCl3F2 C2HCl3F2 C2HCl3F2 C8H7Cl3O
1558-25-4 825-94-5 2550-06-3 1558-24-3 354-12-1 354-21-2 354-15-4 6972-47-0
183.925 245.994 211.978 218.370 169.385 169.385 169.385 225.500
C14H11Cl3
2971-22-4
285.596
Dodecyltrichlorosilane (2,2,2-Trichloroethyl)oxirane Methyl chloroform
C12H25Cl3Si C4H5Cl3O C2H3Cl3
4484-72-4 3083-25-8 71-55-6
303.772 175.441 133.404
liq liq
Vinyl trichloride
C2H3Cl3
79-00-5
133.404
liq
C2H3Cl3O
115-20-8
149.403
hyg orth tab 19 or pl
152; 5211
10214 2,3,4-Trichloro-1-butene 10215 3,4,4’-Trichlorocarbanilide 10216 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-(chloromethyl) benzene 10217 Trichloro(chloromethyl)silane 10218 Trichloro(4-chlorophenyl)silane 10219 Trichloro(3-chloropropyl)silane 10220 Trichloro(dichloromethyl)silane 10221 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane 10222 1,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 10223 1,2,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane 10224 2,4,6-Trichloro-3,5dimethylphenol 10225 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2diphenylethane 10226 Trichlorododecylsilane 10227 1,1,1-Trichloro-3,4-epoxybutane 10228 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 10229 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
(Chloromethyl)trichlorosilane
(Dichloromethyl)trichlorosilane
10230 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
fine pl
den/ g cm-3
nD
1.571720
Solubility s EtOH, eth; vs CS2; sl lig i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl; vs CS2 vs ace, bz, eth i H2O; sl EtOH, chl; vs eth, bz i H2O; sl EtOH, chl; vs eth i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth, bz; s chl sl H2O; vs eth, EtOH, HOAc sl H2O; s eth i H2O i H2O
164
1.395620
1.475520
6020, 4010
1.343020
1.494420
273
1.54720
118 233; 11620 181.5 145 73 71.9 72.5
1.465020 1.406220 1.359020 1.551820
1.455520 1.541820 1.466820 1.471420
1.544720
1.388920
i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz, py vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs ace, chl
256
-140 -174 ye nd (peth) 175
vs ace, eth, EtOH
i H2O; s chl; vs peth s EtOH; sl chl
65
-30.01
15510 110100 74.09
1.458120 1.339020
1.437920
-36.3
113.8
1.439720
1.471420 1.486120
sl H2O; s EtOH, chl; msc eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth; s alk sl H2O, ctc; msc EtOH, eth; s ace s H2O, EtOH, eth vs EtOH vs H2O, EtOH
10231 Trichloroethene
Trichloroethylene
C2HCl3
79-01-6
131.388
liq
-84.7
87.21
1.464220
1.477320
10232 2,2,2-Trichloro-1-ethoxyethanol 10233 Trichloroethoxysilane 10234 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl-β-Dglucopyranosiduronic acid 10235 Trichloroethylsilane 10236 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane 10237 1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane 10238 1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane 10239 Trichlorofluoromethane 10240 2,2,3-Trichloro-1,1,1,3,4,4,4heptafluorobutane 10241 Trichlorohexylsilane 10242 N-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1hydroxyethyl)formamide 10243 3,3,3-Trichloro-2hydroxypropanenitrile 10244 Trichloroisobutylsilane 10245 Trichloromethane
Chloral alcoholate
C4H7Cl3O2 C2H5Cl3OSi C8H11Cl3O7
515-83-3 1825-82-7 97-25-6
193.457 179.505 325.528
liq nd
56.5 -135 142
115.5 101.9
1.14340 1.227420
1.404520
C2H5Cl3Si C2H2Cl3F C2H2Cl3F C2H2Cl3F CCl3F C4Cl3F7
115-21-9 2366-36-1 811-95-0 359-28-4 75-69-4 335-44-4
163.506 151.394 151.394 151.394 137.368 287.391
-105.6
100.5 86.5 88.0 102.4 23.7 98
1.237320
1.425620
s ctc
1.49220 1.539320
1.439020
i H2O i H2O
1.748420
1.353020
Hexyltrichlorosilane Chloral formamide
C6H13Cl3Si C3H4Cl3NO2
928-65-4 515-82-2
219.612 192.429
190
1.110020
cry
120
Chlorocyanohydrin
C3H2Cl3NO
513-96-2
174.413
pl (w)
61
dec 217
Chloroform
C4H9Cl3Si CHCl3
18169-57-8 67-66-3
191.559 119.378
liq
-63.41
143.3 61.17
1.15420 1.478825
1.445920
CCl4S
594-42-3
185.888
ye oil
149
1.694720
1.548420
Urochloralic acid Ethyltrichlorosilane Refrigerant 131b Refrigerant 131a Refrigerant 11
10246 Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride Perchloromethyl mercaptan
liq liq
-104.7 vol liq or gas -110.44 2.0
dec H2O vs ace, eth, EtOH vs H2O, eth, EtOH dec H2O sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth, bz; s ace, ctc s eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds NH2
3-493
NH2 Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl 2,4,6-Trichloroaniline
2,3,6-Trichlorobenzaldehyde
O
OH OH Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl 3,4,5-Trichloro-1,2-benzenediol
Cl
Cl
2,3,6-Trichlorobenzoic acid
2,4,5-Trichlorobiphenyl
2,4,6-Trichlorobiphenyl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl Cl O Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
H N
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
2,2,3-Trichlorobutanal
Cl
H N
Cl
Cl
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane
2,3,4-Trichloro-1-butene
Cl
Cl
3,4,4’-Trichlorocarbanilide
1,2,4-Trichloro-5-(chloromethyl)benzene
Cl Cl Si Cl
Cl Si Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Si Cl Cl
Cl Cl
Trichloro(chloromethyl)silane
Trichloro(4-chlorophenyl)silane
Cl
Trichloro(3-chloropropyl)silane
F Cl Si Cl Cl
F Cl
Trichloro(dichloromethyl)silane
Cl F
Cl Cl
F Cl
Cl
F
O
Trichlorododecylsilane
Cl
2,4,6-Trichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol
H H
Cl Cl
Cl
O O
2,2,2-Trichloro-1-ethoxyethanol
OH
Cl Cl Si Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
N H
Cl
F F
Cl
Trichlorofluoromethane
O
N-(2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl)formamide
Cl
N
3,3,3-Trichloro-2-hydroxypropanenitrile
Cl Cl
Trichloroethylsilane
H
Cl
Cl
Cl
Trichloroethene
F Cl F
Trichloroisobutylsilane
Cl
Cl Cl
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane
Cl Cl Si Cl
F F
2,2,3-Trichloro-1,1,1,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutane
Cl Si Cl Cl
F
F Cl Cl
OH Cl Cl
Cl OH
2,2,2-Trichloroethanol
Si
Cl
1,1,2-Trichloro-2-fluoroethane
OH Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
F
Cl
1,1,2-Trichloro-1-fluoroethane
Cl Cl
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
2,2,2-Trichloroethyl-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid
Cl
F
Cl
OH
Trichloroethoxysilane
Cl F
Cl
HO
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
O
OH
O
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-diphenylethane
H
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
HO
O
Cl
Cl
1,1,1-Trichloro-3,4-epoxybutane
Cl
Cl
F
1,2,2-Trichloro-1,2-difluoroethane
Cl Cl Si Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
1,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-difluoroethane
Cl Cl
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane
OH Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene
Cl
Cl 2,3,6-Trichlorobenzeneacetic acid
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
OH
Cl
Cl
Cl
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
O
OH Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline
H Cl
Cl Cl
Trichloromethane
Trichlorohexylsilane
Cl Cl
S
Cl
Cl
Trichloromethanesulfenyl chloride
3-494
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
10247 Trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride
CCl4O2S
2547-61-7
217.887
cry (al-w)
140.5
170
10248 10249 10250 10251
CHCl3S C8H8Cl3N3O4S2 C7H5Cl3O C7H5Cl3O
75-70-7 133-67-5 6130-75-2 87-40-1
151.443 380.657 211.473 211.473
oran oil
No. Name
Synonym
Trichloromethanethiol Trichloromethyl mercaptan Trichloromethiazide 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-methoxybenzene 1,3,5-Trichloro-2-methoxybenzene 2,4,6-Trichloroanisole
den/ g cm-3
nD
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, CS2
12515
nd (dil al) mcl nd (al)
270 dec 77.5 61.5
254 241
1.64025
10252 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-methylbenzene
2,4,5-Trichlorotoluene
C7H5Cl3
6639-30-1
195.474
nd or lf (al)
82.4
231
10253 (Trichloromethyl)benzene
Benzotrichloride
C7H5Cl3
98-07-7
195.474
liq
-4.42
221
1.372320
1.558020
10254 (Trichloromethyl)oxirane 10255 2,3,4-Trichloro-6-methylphenol 10256 2,3,6-Trichloro-4-methylphenol
C3H3Cl3O C7H5Cl3O C7H5Cl3O
3083-23-6 551-78-0 551-77-9
161.414 211.473 211.473
149; 4413
1.49520
1.473725
4,5,6-Trichloro-o-cresol 2,3,6-Trichloro-p-cresol
77 66.5
10257 2,4,6-Trichloro-3-methylphenol
2,4,6-Trichloro-m-cresol
C7H5Cl3O
551-76-8
211.473
10258 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2propanol
1,1,1-Trichloro-tert-butyl alcohol
C4H7Cl3O
57-15-8
177.457
nd (peth) nd (HOAc, peth) nd or pl (w, peth) hyg nd (w + 1)
C10H12Cl3O2PS C6H2Cl3NO2
327-98-0 89-69-0
333.599 226.445
CCl3NO2
76-06-2
C6H2Cl3NO3
265
97
167
ye liq pr (al), nd (al)
57.5
1080.01 288
1.36520 1.79023
164.376
liq
-64
112
1.655820
1.461120
82-62-2
242.444
pa ye cry (peth)
92.5
C18H37Cl3Si C8H17Cl3Si
112-04-9 5283-66-9
387.932 247.666
22310 232
0.98425
1.460220 1.448020
C3Cl3F5
76-17-5
237.383
C5H11Cl3Si C6H3Cl3O
107-72-2 15950-66-0
205.586 197.446
10268 2,3,5-Trichlorophenol 10269 2,3,6-Trichlorophenol
C6H3Cl3O C6H3Cl3O
933-78-8 933-75-5
197.446 197.446
10270 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
C6H3Cl3O
95-95-4
197.446
nd (al, peth) 69
247
10271 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
C6H3Cl3O
88-06-2
197.446
69
246
10272 3,4,5-Trichlorophenol 10273 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-T
C6H3Cl3O C8H5Cl3O3
609-19-8 93-76-5
197.446 255.483
orth nd (HOAc) nd (lig) cry (bz)
101 153
275 dec
10274 2-(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)ethyl 2,2-dichloropropanoate 10275 Trichloro(2-phenylethyl)silane 10276 (2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl)hydrazine 10277 Trichlorophenylsilane 10278 1,1,2-Trichloropropane
C11H9Cl5O3
136-25-4
366.452
49
1620.5
1.5550
C8H9Cl3Si C6H5Cl3N2 C6H5Cl3Si C3H5Cl3
940-41-0 5329-12-4 98-13-5 598-77-6
239.602 211.476 211.549 147.431
242; 985
1.239720
1.518520
201 132.0; 117500
1.32120 1.37215
1.523020
10279 1,1,3-Trichloropropane
C3H5Cl3
20395-25-9
147.431
145.5
1.355720
1.471820
10280 1,2,2-Trichloropropane
C3H5Cl3
3175-23-3
147.431
124
1.31825
1.460920
10281 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
C3H5Cl3
96-18-4
147.431
-14.7
157
1.388920
1.485220
10282 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanol
C3H5Cl3O
76-00-6
163.430
50.5
163; 5412
C3H3Cl3O
918-00-3
161.414
149; 2810
1.43520
1.463517
10284 1,2,3-Trichloro-1-propene
C3H3Cl3
96-19-5
145.415
142
1.41220
1.503020
10285 3,3,3-Trichloro-1-propene
C3H3Cl3
2233-00-3
145.415
114.5
1.36720
1.482720
10286 2,3,3-Trichloro-2-propenoyl chloride 10287 Trichloropropylsilane
C3Cl4O
815-58-7
193.843
158
C3H7Cl3Si
141-57-1
177.533
123.5
10261 Trichloronitromethane
Chloropicrin
10262 3,4,6-Trichloro-2-nitrophenol 10263 Trichlorooctadecylsilane 10264 Trichlorooctylsilane 10265 1,2,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,3,3pentafluoropropane 10266 Trichloropentylsilane 10267 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
10283 1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanone
Octadecyltrichlorosilane Octyltrichlorosilane
Amyltrichlorosilane
Pentanate
1,1,1-Trichloroacetone
Propyltrichlorosilane
i H2O; vs EtOH, MeOH, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, lig, chl
liq
-72
73.7
1.663120
1.351220 1.450320
83.5
172; 60.515 sub
1.133020
nd (bz, lig, sub) nd (al) nd (dil al, lig)
cry (bz)
liq
liq
liq
62 58
-30
248250
1.490175
1.527118 1.19520
i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, chl, CS2 s H2O; msc EtOH, ace, bz, MeOH, HOAc
dec H2O, EtOH; s ctc
s EtOH, eth, bz, alk, HOAc vs eth, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz; s HOAc sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz; s HOAc sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, HOAc sl H2O, lig; s eth i H2O; s EtOH; vs bz i H2O; s EtOH, ace, xyl
143
-59
sl H2O; s EtOH vs EtOH, ace s EtOH, bz, chl; vs ace i H2O; s EtOH, ace i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz vs eth; s chl vs EtOH
46
10259 Trichloronate 10260 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-nitrobenzene
Solubility
1.431020
s H2O, bz s ctc, chl, CS2 i H2O; s EtOH, chl; vs eth; sl ctc vs eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth; vs chl sl H2O, ctc; s EtOH, eth; vs chl vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl vs bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
O Cl Cl
O S
SH Cl
Cl
3-495 H N
S
S
H2N
Cl Cl
Cl
Trichloromethanesulfonyl chloride
Cl
O O
Trichloromethanethiol
Cl
Cl
O Cl
Cl 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-methoxybenzene
(Trichloromethyl)benzene
OH
Cl
O
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
(Trichloromethyl)oxirane
Cl
2,3,4-Trichloro-6-methylphenol
OH
Cl
Cl 2,4,6-Trichloro-3-methylphenol
OH O N
Cl
P S
O
Cl O
Cl
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol
2,3,6-Trichloro-4-methylphenol
Cl O
Cl Cl
Trichloronate
Cl
1,2,4-Trichloro-5-nitrobenzene
Cl Si Cl Cl
Cl 3,4,6-Trichloro-2-nitrophenol
Cl F
1,2,3-Trichloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane
OH Cl
Cl
OH Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Trichloropentylsilane
F
OH OH
Cl Cl Cl Si Cl
F
Cl F
Trichlorooctylsilane
OH
2,3,4-Trichlorophenol
Cl
Cl
2,3,5-Trichlorophenol
2,3,6-Trichlorophenol
Cl
Cl
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
H2N
OH O Cl
Trichloronitromethane
Cl F
Cl Si Cl Cl
Trichlorooctadecylsilane
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
3,4,5-Trichlorophenol
O OH
Cl
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Cl Cl Si Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
O
Cl Si
Cl Cl
Trichloro(2-phenylethyl)silane
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
1,1,3-Trichloropropane
Cl
1,2,2-Trichloropropane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
Cl
O
Cl
(2,4,6-Trichlorophenyl)hydrazine
OH Cl
1,1,2-Trichloropropane
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanone
Cl
Cl
2-(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)ethyl 2,2-dichloropropanoate
Cl
Cl Cl
NH
Cl
Cl
Cl
Trichlorophenylsilane
NO2 Cl Cl
Cl
N O
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
1,3,5-Trichloro-2-methoxybenzene
OH Cl
OH Cl
Cl
O
NH
O O
Cl 1,2,4-Trichloro-5-methylbenzene
Cl
Cl
Cl
Trichloromethiazide
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
1,2,3-Trichloro-1-propene
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-propanol
O
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
3,3,3-Trichloro-1-propene
2,3,3-Trichloro-2-propenoyl chloride
Cl Si Cl Cl Trichloropropylsilane
3-496
No. Name 10288 10289 10290 10291 10292
2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine 3-(Trichlorosilyl)propanenitrile 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine 2,2’,2’’-Trichlorotriethylamine Trichlorotriethyldialuminum
10293 1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6trifluorobenzene 10294 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2trifluoroethane 10295 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2trifluoroethane 10296 Trichlorovinylsilane 10297 Trichodermin 10298 Triclofos 10299 Triclopyr
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Cyanuric acic trichloride
C4HCl3N2 C3H4Cl3NSi C3Cl3N3 C6H12Cl3N C6H15Al2Cl3
3764-01-0 1071-22-3 108-77-0 555-77-1 12075-68-2
183.423 188.516 184.411 204.525 247.505
C6Cl3F3
319-88-0
235.418
C2Cl3F3
354-58-5
187.375
Ethylaluminum sesquichloride
Vinyltrichlorosilane 12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-en-4ol acetate 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol dihydrogen phosphate Acetic acid, [(3,5,6-trichloro-2pyridinyl)oxy]-
10300 Tricosane
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
22.5
212.5 10930 192 14315 115.550, 36.20.2 198.4
cry (eth, bz) 154 pa ye -2.0 ye liq
14.37
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
1.570020 vs EtOH vs bz, eth, EtOH
45.5
1.579020
1.361035
25
25
C2Cl3F3
76-13-1
187.375
liq
-36.22
47.7
1.5635
1.3557
C2H3Cl3Si C17H24O4
75-94-5 4682-50-2
161.490 292.371
liq cry
-95 59
91.5 1110.05
1.242620
1.429520
C2H4Cl3O4P
306-52-5
229.383
cry (bz)
120.5
C7H4Cl3NO3
55335-06-3
256.471
C23H48
638-67-5
324.627
lf (eth-al)
149
dec 290
47.76
380
0.778548
1.446820
10301 12-Tricosanone 10302 Tri-o-cresyl phosphate
Diundecyl ketone Tri-o-tolyl phosphate
C23H46O C21H21O4P
540-09-0 78-30-8
338.610 368.363
lf (al) 70.2 col or pa ye 11
410
0.808669 1.195520
1.428380 1.557520
10303 Tri-m-cresyl phosphate
Tri-m-tolyl phosphate
C21H21O4P
563-04-2
368.363
wax
25.5
26015
1.15025
1.557520
10304 Tri-p-cresyl phosphate
Tri-p-tolyl phosphate
C21H21O4P
78-32-0
368.363
77.5
22435
1.24725
C9H11N3 C9H7N3S
1772-25-4 41814-78-2
161.203 189.237
nd (al), tab (eth) br liq
2572
1.040
1.466020
C10H16
508-32-7
136.234
67.5
152.5
0.866880
1.429680
C10H17N C10H16 C13H26O C13H28
768-94-5 281-23-2 10486-19-8 629-50-5
151.249 136.234 198.344 184.361
180 268 14 -5.4
sub 15613 235.47
1.0725 0.835618 0.756420
1.568 1.438418 1.425620
C13H24O4
505-52-2
244.328
9.7 41.5
293 236100, 1401
0.825720 0.845880
1.437820 1.428660
31.7
274; 15214
0.822331
30.5
263
0.821730
10305 1,3,6-Tricyanohexane 10306 Tricyclazole 10307 Tricyclene
10308 10309 10310 10311
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-amine Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane Tridecanal Tridecane
1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b] benzothiazole, 5-methyl1,7,7Trimethyltricyclo[2.2.1.0 2,6] heptane Amantadine Adamantane
10312 Tridecanedioic acid
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH; msc eth, bz vs chl sl H2O; s EtOH, chl
i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ctc vs bz, eth, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ctc, tol; s HOAc i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth; vs ctc, tol s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, HOAc
187 cry (al)
nd (sub) liq
114
sl H2O s bz, ctc i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ctc sl H2O, bz, tfa; s EtOH, eth, chl vs EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, HOAc; s ace i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl s EtOH, chl, lig; vs eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz
10313 Tridecanenitrile 10314 Tridecanoic acid
Tridecylic acid
C13H25N C13H26O2
629-60-7 638-53-9
195.345 214.344
10315 1-Tridecanol
Tridecyl alcohol
C13H28O
112-70-9
200.360
10316 2-Tridecanone
Methyl undecyl ketone
C13H26O
593-08-8
198.344
10317 7-Tridecanone
Dihexyl ketone
C13H26O
462-18-0
198.344
lf (al)
33
261
0.82530
10318 1-Tridecene
C13H26
2437-56-1
182.345
liq
-13
232.8
0.765820
10319 10320 10321 10322
Tridecyl acrylate Tridecylaluminum Tridecylamine (Tridecyl)amine
C16H30O2 C30H63Al C30H63N C13H29N
3076-04-8 1726-66-5 1070-01-5 2869-34-3
254.408 450.803 437.828 199.376
liq hyg visc liq
15010
0.8820
-38 406 275.8
0.804920
1.444320
10323 10324 10325 10326 10327 10328
Tridecylbenzene Tridecylcyclohexane Tridecyl methacrylate Tri(decyl) phosphite 1-Tridecyne Tridiphane
C19H32 C19H38 C17H32O2 C30H63O3P C13H24 C10H7Cl5O
123-02-4 6006-33-3 2495-25-2 2929-86-4 26186-02-7 58138-08-2
260.457 266.505 268.435 502.793 180.330 320.427
0.855020 0.823920 0.88120
1.482120 1.457020 1.44825
0.784220
1.430920
vs bz, eth
102-87-4 102-71-6
521.988 149.188
hyg cry
1.124220
1.485220
2437-88-9 5089-70-3
210.269 240.800
cry (al, dil al) 43.5 col gas
msc H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz; s chl vs eth, EtOH
N,N-Didecyl-1-decanamine 1-Tridecanamine 1-Phenyltridecane
10329 Tridodecylamine 10330 Triethanolamine
2-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane, (±) N,N-Didodecyl-1-dodecanamine C36H75N Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine C6H15NO3
10331 1,3,5-Triethoxybenzene 10332 Triethoxy(3-chloropropyl)silane
(3-Chloropropyl)triethoxysilane
C12H18O3 C9H21ClO3Si
cry (peth ace) cry (al)
27.4 10 18.5 liq 2.5 42.8
16.4 20.5
346 346 1181 2553, 1800.1 234; 9425
2200.03 335.4 17024 -149
1.431820
1.434020
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-497 Cl Cl
Cl Cl Si Cl Cl
N Cl
N
Cl
2,4,6-Trichloropyrimidine
N N
Cl
3-(Trichlorosilyl)propanenitrile
Cl
F F
F
Cl Cl Cl
F
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
N
Cl
Cl
O
12-Tricosanone
Cl
Cl
Cl
N
O Triclopyr
O O P O O
O O P O O
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate
Tri-m-cresyl phosphate
NH2 N N
N
N N
S
1,3,6-Tricyanohexane
Tricyclazole
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-amine
Tricyclene
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane
O
O
OH
HO
O Tridecanal
OH
O
Triclofos
N
Tri-p-cresyl phosphate
1,3,5-Trichloro-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene
O P OH O OH
Cl
Trichodermin
O
O O P O O
Cl Cl
O
Trichlorovinylsilane
Tricosane
Trichlorotriethyldialuminum
O
Cl F
H O
F
Cl
Cl
Cl
2,2’,2’’-Trichlorotriethylamine
Cl Si Cl Cl
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Al
Al Cl
2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine
Cl F Cl
Cl
Cl
N N
H F
F
Tridecane
Tridecanedioic acid
O N
O OH
OH
Tridecanenitrile
Tridecanoic acid
1-Tridecanol
2-Tridecanone
O
O
O 7-Tridecanone
1-Tridecene
Tridecyl acrylate
Al
N
Tridecylaluminum
Tridecylamine
NH2 (Tridecyl)amine
O O Tridecylbenzene
Tridecylcyclohexane
Tridecyl methacrylate
Cl
Cl
O
O P
O Cl
O
Tri(decyl) phosphite
1-Tridecyne
Cl
Cl
Tridiphane
Cl O
OH
O N Tridodecylamine
HO
N Triethanolamine
OH
O
Si O O
O
1,3,5-Triethoxybenzene
Triethoxy(3-chloropropyl)silane
3-498
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
10333 1,1,1-Triethoxyethane
C8H18O3
78-39-7
nD
Solubility
162.227
145
0.884725
1.398020
78-07-9
192.329
158.5
0.896320
1.395520
122-51-0 2031-67-6 2761-24-2 780-69-8 115-80-0 998-30-1 919-30-2 919-31-3 77-89-4
148.200 178.302 234.408 240.371 176.253 164.275 221.370 217.338 318.320
143; 6020 142 10030, 9513 232; 11310 171 133.5 11929 10910 21440
0.890920 0.894825 0.886220 0.99625
1.392220 1.383220 1.405920 1.460420 1.400025
Triethyl acetylcitrate
C7H16O3 C7H18O3Si C11H26O3Si C12H20O3Si C9H20O3 C6H16O3Si C9H23NO3Si C9H19NO3Si C14H22O8
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ctc, chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s chl s EtOH, eth
10334 Triethoxyethylsilane
C8H20O3Si
10335 10336 10337 10338 10339 10340 10341 10342 10343
Hexaethyldialuminum N,N-Diethylethanamine
C6H15Al C6H15N
97-93-8 121-44-8
114.165 101.190
col hyg liq liq
-46 -114.7
194; 10013 89
0.83225 0.727520
N,N-Diethylethanamine hydrochloride
C6H16ClN
554-68-7
137.651
hex (al)
260 dec
sub 245
1.068921
10347 Triethylarsine
C6H15As
617-75-4
162.105
138.5
1.15020
1.46720
10348 1,2,3-Triethylbenzene 10349 1,2,4-Triethylbenzene
C12H18 C12H18
42205-08-3 877-44-1
162.271 162.271
172 218; 9915
0.873820
1.502420
20
20
No. Name
Triethoxymethane Triethoxymethylsilane Triethoxypentylsilane Triethoxyphenylsilane 1,1,1-Triethoxypropane Triethoxysilane 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propanenitrile Triethyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3propanetricarboxylate 10344 Triethylaluminum 10345 Triethylamine
10346 Triethylamine hydrochloride
Synonym
Physical Form
mp/˚C
liq
col liq
-26
0.874520 0.950620 0.97420 1.13525
1.422520 1.4380
1.401020
C12H18
102-25-0
162.271
liq
-66.5
215.9
0.8631
C6H15B C6H15BO3 C12H20O7
97-94-9 150-46-9 77-93-0
97.994 145.992 276.283
liq liq
-93 -84.8
95 120 294
0.7023 0.854620 1.136920
1.3971 1.374920 1.445520
C6H12N2 C6H14O4
280-57-9 112-27-6
112.172 150.173
hyg liq
159 -7
285
1.127415
1.453120
10356 Triethylene glycol bis(2ethylhexanoate) 10357 Triethylene glycol diacetate
C22H42O6
94-28-0
402.564
C10H18O6
111-21-7
234.246
liq
-50
286
1.115320
10358 Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
C14H22O6
109-16-0
286.321
1705
1.09220
1.459525
10359 Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether 10360 Triethylene glycol dinitrate
C8H18O4 C6H12N2O8
112-49-2 111-22-8
178.227 240.167
216 820.03
0.98620
1.422420
C8H18O4
112-50-5
178.227
256
1.020920
C6H12N3OP
545-55-1
173.152
cry
41
C6H12N3PS
52-24-4
189.218
cry
51.5
C9H21N3
7779-27-3
171.283
C6H15O4P
78-40-0
182.154
liq
-56.4
215.5
1.069520
1.405320
10366 Triethylphosphine
C6H15P
554-70-1
118.157
liq
-88
129
0.800619
1.45815
10367 Triethylphosphine oxide
C6H15OP
597-50-2
134.156
wh hyg nd
48
243
C6H15PS C6H15O3P
597-51-3 122-52-1
150.222 166.155
cry (al)
94 157.9
0.962920
1.412720
C6H15O3PS C6H16Si C6H16OSi
126-68-1 617-86-7 597-52-4
198.220 116.277 132.276
liq
-156.9
217; 10016 109 154
1.076820 0.730220 0.864720
1.448020 1.44720 1.432920
C6H15Sb
617-85-6
208.943
liq
-98
161.4
1.322415
C23H23NO C15H15ClF3N3O C21H24F3N3S C21H26Cl2F3N3S
1420-06-0 68694-11-1 117-89-5 440-17-5
329.435 345.747 407.496 480.417
cry (EtOH)
176 63.5
10350 1,3,5-Triethylbenzene 10351 Triethylborane 10352 Triethyl borate 10353 Triethyl citrate 10354 Triethylenediamine 10355 Triethylene glycol
Boric acid, triethyl ester
Triglycol
Triglyme Ethanol, 2,2’-[1,2ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-, dinitrate 10361 Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether 2-[2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy] ethanol 10362 Triethylenephosphoramide Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine, oxide 10363 Triethylenethiophosphoramide Thiotepa 10364 1,3,5-Triethylhexahydro-1,3,5triazine 10365 Triethyl phosphate
10368 Triethylphosphine sulfide 10369 Triethyl phosphite 10370 O,O,O-Triethyl phosphorothioate 10371 Triethylsilane 10372 Triethylsilanol
Ethyl phosphate
Triethoxyphosphine O,O,O-Triethyl thiophosphate
10373 Triethylstibine 10374 10375 10376 10377
Trifenmorph Triflumizole Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride
4-(Triphenylmethyl)morpholine
Stelazine
liq
-45
2060.7 241.5
1.4969
9123
s H2O, EtOH, eth, ctc; vs ace, bz, chl vs H2O, EtOH, chl vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; vs EtOH, eth s EtOH, eth msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc s chl msc H2O, EtOH, bz; sl eth, chl; i peth s chl vs H2O, eth, EtOH vs ace, eth, EtOH, peth vs H2O, bz
vs H2O, EtOH, eth, ace vs H2O; s bz, chl, eth, EtOH
786
cry
vs eth, EtOH
1.458025 s H2O, eth, bz; vs EtOH; sl chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth vs H2O, eth, EtOH s H2O; sl ctc i H2O; vs EtOH, eth i H2O, sulf i H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s chl, ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
O
O
O
O
3-499
Si O O O
1,1,1-Triethoxyethane
O
O
Triethoxyethylsilane
Si O O
O Si O O
Si O O
O
O
Triethoxymethane
Triethoxymethylsilane
Triethoxypentylsilane
Triethoxyphenylsilane
N
H2N
O O
O
O Si O O H
O
O
1,1,1-Triethoxypropane
O
Triethoxysilane
Al
N
Triethylaluminum
Triethylamine
Si O
N
B
O
Triethylborane
O
3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine
1,2,3-Triethylbenzene
COOEt COOEt OH
EtOOC O
1,2,4-Triethylbenzene
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O N
O
O
O
O
N O
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
O
O
OH
O
Triethylene glycol monoethyl ether
N
O O P O O
1,3,5-Triethylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
Triethyl phosphate
N
O N P N N
O
Triethylene glycol dinitrate
N
O
O
Triethylene glycol diacetate
Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether
S N P N N
OH
O
O
Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate)
O
O
Triethylene glycol
O O
O
O
1,3,5-Triethylbenzene
HO
Triethylenediamine
O
O
Triethyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
O O
O
O
N
Triethyl citrate
O O
O O
O
3-(Triethoxysilyl)propanenitrile
Triethylarsine
Triethyl borate
O
O
O
As
HCl
Triethylamine hydrochloride
O B
Si O O O
Triethylenephosphoramide
O P
S P
Triethylphosphine oxide
Triethylphosphine sulfide
P
Triethylenethiophosphoramide
Triethylphosphine
O
O
O P
N
S O P O O
H Si
O,O,O-Triethyl phosphorothioate
Triethylsilane
OH Si Sb
O
Triethyl phosphite
Cl
F
F F
Triethylsilanol
N
N N Triflumizole
S Trifluoperazine
2HCl
N F
N
Trifenmorph
N
N
N
O
Triethylstibine
F F
F N
F F
S Trifluoperazine dihydrochloride
3-500
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
10378 2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamide 10379 Trifluoroacetic acid 10380 10381 10382 10383 10384 10385 10386 10387 10388
Trifluoroacetic acid anhydride 1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone Trifluoroacetonitrile Trifluoroacetyl chloride 1,2,4-Trifluorobenzene 1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
Methyl trifluoromethyl ketone
Methyl fluoroform
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
C2H2F3NO C2HF3O2
354-38-1 76-05-1
113.038 114.023
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
liq
73.8 -15.2
162.5 73
1.535125
C4F6O3 C3H3F3O C2F3N C2ClF3O C6H3F3 C6H3F3 C2H3F3 C2H3F3 C2H3F3O
407-25-0 421-50-1 353-85-5 354-32-5 367-23-7 372-38-3 420-46-2 430-66-0 75-89-8
210.031 112.050 95.023 132.468 132.083 132.083 84.040 84.040 100.039
liq -65 vol liq or gas col gas col gas -146
col gas
-51
1.26-70 1.24525
col gas col gas col gas
-155.2
36 31.62 54.5 -22.5 -80 -82.1
col gas hyg liq
45
liq col gas col gas liq
-5.5 -111.3 -84 -43.5
39.5 21.5 -68.8 -18 90 75.5 -47.25 3.7 74
10389 Trifluoroethene
Trifluoroethylene
C2HF3
359-11-5
82.024
10390 10391 10392 10393 10394 10395
2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-iodoethane Trifluoroiodomethane Trifluoroisocyanomethane Trifluoromethane
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanamine
C2H4F3N C3H5F3O C2H2F3I CF3I C2F3N CHF3
753-90-2 460-43-5 353-83-3 2314-97-8 19480-01-4 75-46-7
99.055 114.066 209.936 195.910 95.023 70.014
10396 10397 10398 10399 10400 10401
Trifluoromethanesulfenyl chloride Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride Trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride 2-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline 3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline
CClF3S CHF3O3S CClF3O2S CF4O2S C7H6F3N C7H6F3N
421-17-0 1493-13-6 421-83-0 335-05-7 88-17-5 98-16-8
136.524 150.077 168.523 152.069 161.125 161.125
C7H6F3N C8H5F3O C7H5F3
455-14-1 455-19-6 98-08-8
161.125 174.120 146.110
C8H4F3N C8H4F3N C8H4ClF3O
368-77-4 455-18-5 2251-65-2
171.120 171.120 208.565
oil
C2HF5O
3822-68-2
136.020
col gas
-157
-38
C7H5F3O C7H5F3O C14H10F3NO2
444-30-4 98-17-9 530-78-9
162.109 162.109 281.230
liq
45.5 -0.9 133.5
147.5 178
CH3F3Si CH3F3Si C3HF7O
373-74-0 10112-11-5 2356-61-8
100.116 100.116 186.028
col gas col gas col gas
-73 -124 -141
-30 -38.3 -3
C5H5F3O2 C10H7F3O2
367-57-7 326-06-7
154.088 216.157
liq cry
39
107 224
C8H5F3O C6H5F3Si C3H5F3 C3H5F3O
434-45-7 368-47-8 421-07-8 17556-48-8
174.120 162.185 98.067 114.066
liq liq col gas liq
C3H3F3 C3HF3 C8H5F3O2S
677-21-4 661-54-1 326-91-0
96.051 94.035 222.185
col gas col gas
C3F6O C18H19F3N2S C13H16F3N3O4
428-59-1 146-54-3 1582-09-8
166.021 352.417 335.279
gas visc oil
C10H14Cl6N4O2 C7H7NO2
26644-46-2 535-83-1
434.962 137.137
C18H39N
102-86-3
269.510
261.7
C18H39BO3
5337-36-0
314.312
1432
10402 4-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline 10403 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde 10404 (Trifluoromethyl)benzene 10405 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile 10406 4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile 10407 3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride 10408 Trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether 10409 2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenol 10410 3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenol 10411 2-[[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl] amino]benzoic acid 10412 Trifluoromethylsilane 10413 (Trifluoromethyl)silane 10414 Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethyl ether 10415 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione 10416 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3butanedione 10417 2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-phenylethanone 10418 Trifluorophenylsilane 10419 1,1,1-Trifluoropropane 10420 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-propanol, (±) 10421 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene 10422 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propyne 10423 4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3butanedione 10424 Trifluoro(trifluoromethyl)oxirane 10425 Triflupromazine 10426 Trifluralin
Trifluoromethyl isocyanide Fluoroform
Benzotrifluoride
Flufenamic acid
1,1,1-Trifluoroacetylacetone
(Trifluoromethyl)acetylene Thenoyltrifluoroacetone Perfluoropropylene oxide Fluopromazine 2,6-Dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4(trifluoromethyl)aniline
10427 Triforine 10428 Trigonelline 10429 Trihexylamine 10430 Trihexyl borate
N,N-Dihexyl-1-hexanamine
25
col gas 35.5 5.5 38 liq
-28.95 14.5 37.5
-40 -18
-0.7 162 162; 6218 -21.7 6815 187; 7410
nD
Solubility s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace 25
1.490 1.25225
1.269
1.26425 1.27725
1.417120 1.414020 s eth, chl
1.384220
1.290722
vs EtOH; s eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth
2.1325 1.400920 2.3607-32 1.3790-32 0.67325 (p>1 atm)
s H2O, ace, bz; vs EtOH; sl chl
1.334420 1.28225 1.304712
1.481020 1.478720
117.560 8025 102.1
1.28327 1.188420
1.481525 1.463020 1.414620
189
1.281320
1.450820
186; 8016
1.383
1.477020
i H2O vs eth i H2O
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth
msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc
1.341825 s DMSO
-52
153 101.5 -13 78
42.8
-17 -48.3 978
49
-27.4 1760.7 1404.2
s os i H2O; s EtOH, ace 1.27920 1.216920
1.458320 1.411020
1.263225
1.313025
vs bz, EtOH vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz; sl ctc
1.578023
155 dec pr (aq, al, +1w)
vs H2O 0.797621
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s acid sl ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O F F
O F F
NH2 F
2,2,2-Trifluoroacetamide
F
F
F F
OH
3-501
O
F
Trifluoroacetic acid
O
F F
O
O
O
F
Trifluoroacetic acid anhydride
F
F F
F
F F
N F
1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone
Trifluoroacetonitrile
Cl F
Trifluoroacetyl chloride
F F
F
F
F
F
F
F 1,2,4-Trifluorobenzene
F O
F
F
F
1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene
1,1,1-Trifluoroethane
2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl methyl ether
F
OH
F
F
F
N F
F Trifluoroiodomethane
F
F
2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine
F
F F
F
Trifluoroisocyanomethane
NH2
Trifluoroethene
H
F F
F
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-iodoethane
F
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
I F
F I
F
1,1,2-Trifluoroethane
F F F
F
F
F
F
Trifluoromethane
S
Cl
F
Trifluoromethanesulfenyl chloride
NH2 O OH S O
F F
F F
F
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
O Cl S O F
F
F 2-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline
F
4-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline
3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline
N F
F
F
F
F
4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde
(Trifluoromethyl)benzene
F F
F
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
Cl
OH OH
F
F F
F F
3-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride
O F
F
F
F F
F
F
Trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether
2-(Trifluoromethyl)phenol
F F F
Trifluoromethylsilane
H Si H H
F
F
F
F F
(Trifluoromethyl)silane
O
F
O
F
F F Si
F
F
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione
Trifluorophenylsilane
F F
F
1,1,1-Trifluoropropane
1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-propanol, (Âą)
O
F F
O
F
N
F F F
4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butanedione
S
Trifluoro(trifluoromethyl)oxirane
Triflupromazine
F
NO2
Trigonelline
Trihexylamine
O HN N
F
F
Trifluralin
O
N
Cl Cl Cl
F
Cl Cl Cl Triforine
O
N
O NH
F F
O
N Me
F 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propyne
N F
O
F F
3,3,3-Trifluoropropene
O2N F F
F F
4,4,4-Trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione
F F
F F
N
S
O
F F
OH
F
F
F
F
2-[[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]benzoic acid
O
F F
Trifluoromethyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether
F F
2,2,2-Trifluoro-1-phenylethanone
O O
F
OH H N
F F
3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenol
F
F Si F F
F
4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile
O O
F F
N F
F
F F
F
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl fluoride
O
NH2
F
O F S O
F F
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride
NH2 F
O B
O
Trihexyl borate
3-502
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
10431 Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
α-Cyclohexyl-α-phenyl-1piperidinepropanol hydrochloride Borane pyridine Anthragallol
C20H32ClNO
52-49-3
337.927
C5H8BN C14H8O5
110-51-0 602-64-2
92.936 256.211
10.5 ye nd (dil al) 313
Purpurin
C14H8O5
81-54-9
256.211
10435 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
C7H6O5
610-02-6
170.120
oran red or 259 oran-ye nd (al) nd (+w) 221
10436 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
C7H6O5
83-30-7
170.120
cry (w+1)
100 dec 253 dec
10432 Trihydro(pyridine)boron 10433 1,2,3-Trihydroxy-9,10anthracenedione 10434 1,2,4-Trihydroxy-9,10anthracenedione
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
pr (w+1)
10438 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone
Alizarin Yellow A
C13H10O4
1143-72-2
230.216
ye nd (dil al) 140.5
10439 2’,4,4’-Trihydroxychalcone
Isoliquiritigenin
C15H12O4
961-29-5
256.254
10440 9,10,16-Trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid 10441 1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10anthracenedione 10442 9,10,18-Trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, (R*,R*) 10443 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4 H-1benzopyran-4-one
Aleuritic acid
C16H32O5
6949-98-0
304.422
Emodin
C15H10O5
518-82-1
270.237
Phloionolic acid
C18H36O5
583-86-8
332.476
ye nd (EtOHw) lf (dil al), nd (w) oran-red mcl nd (HOAc) cry (dil al)
101.5
Baicalein
C15H10O5
491-67-8
270.237
ye pr (al)
264 dec
C10H12O4
1421-63-2
196.200
153.8
C8H8O4
528-21-2
168.148
173
10446 1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl) ethanone
2’,4’,6’-Trihydroxyacetophenone C8H8O4
480-66-0
168.148
221.0
10447 1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl)-1propanone 10448 2,6,7-Trihydroxy-9-phenyl-3 Hxanthen-3-one 10449 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid
Flopropione
C9H10O4
2295-58-1
182.173
nd (w, +1w) 175.5
Phenylfluorone
C19H12O5
975-17-7
320.295
C7H3I3O2
88-82-4
499.811
oran red (al- >300 HCl) pr (al) 225
10450 Triiodomethane
Iodoform
CHI3
75-47-8
393.732
ye cry
121.2
218
C6H3I3O
609-23-4
471.800
nd (dil al)
159.8
sub
51-26-3 3453-79-0
635.959 246.322
cry (EtOH)
200
100-99-2 1116-40-1
198.324 185.349
liq liq
1116-39-8 126-71-6
C15H33N
10454 Triisobutylaluminum 10455 Triisobutylamine 10456 Triisobutylborane 10457 Triisobutyl phosphate 10458 Triisopentylamine
3-Methyl-N,N-bis(3methylbutyl)-1-butanamine
10459 Triisopropanolamine 10460 10461 10462 10463 10464
Triisopropoxymethane Triisopropoxyvinylsilane 1,2,4-Triisopropylbenzene 1,3,5-Triisopropylbenzene Triisopropyl borate
10465 Triisopropyl phosphate 10466 Triisopropyl phosphite 10467 Triisopropyl vanadate
Isopropyl orthoformate
Vanadium, oxotris(2propanolato)-, (T-4)-
i H2O; dec acid sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, HOAc, CS2 sl H2O; vs EtOH, bz, HOAc; s eth sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace; i bz, CS2 sl H2O; s EtOH; vs eth; i bz sl H2O, eth; vs EtOH; s ace; i bz, chl sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, ace, HOAc
1.6946
170.120
C15H11I3O4 2-Methyl-1-propanol, aluminum C12H27AlO3 salt C12H27Al 2-Methyl-N,N-bis(2C12H27N methylpropyl)-1-propanamine C12H27B C12H27O4P
1.528025
sub
149-91-7
10452 3,3’,5-Triiodothyropropanoic acid 10453 Triisobutyl aluminate
0.92020
sub
C7H6O5
10451 2,4,6-Triiodophenol
Solubility
sub 290
Gallic acid
Gallacetophenone
nD
258.5
10437 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
10444 1-(2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-1butanone 10445 1-(2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl) ethanone
den/ g cm-3
200 102 257
sl H2O sub
vs eth, EtOH
sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, ace, HOAc
s H2O, eth; vs EtOH, ace; sl bz, chl sl H2O, chl, bz; vs EtOH, eth, ace vs eth, EtOH
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth; sl bz i H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, ace; sl DMSO i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ace sl EtOH
4.00825
27550 8610 191.5
0.768420
1.425217
vs eth, EtOH
182.153 266.313
188; 8620 264
0.738025 0.968120
1.418823 1.419320
645-41-0
227.430
235
0.784820
1.433120
C9H21NO3
122-20-3
191.268
17510
1.020
C10H22O3 C11H24O3Si C15H24 C15H24 C9H21BO3
4447-60-3 18023-33-1 948-32-3 717-74-8 5419-55-6
190.280 232.393 204.352 204.352 188.072
167 179.5; 7720 244 238 140; 7576
0.862120 0.862725 0.857425 0.854520 0.825120
1.400020 1.398120 1.489625 1.488220 1.377720
vs bz, eth, EtOH vs H2O, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth, bz, ctc s H2O, EtOH; sl chl vs eth, EtOH s ctc
C9H21O4P C9H21O3P C9H21O4V
513-02-0 116-17-6 5588-84-1
224.234 208.235 244.203
219 7420, 6010 10410
0.986720 0.906320
1.405720 1.408525
6 -21.8
45
liq
-7.4
s ace, bz, chl vs EtOH, eth, bz, PrOH vs EtOH s EtOH, eth, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-503
N
O
O
OH
N H B H H
HCl
OH
Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
O
OH
OH
Trihydro(pyridine)boron
OH O
1,2,3-Trihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione
O
OH
1,2,4-Trihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione
OH OH
HO
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
OH O O
HO
OH OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
OH
OH
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzophenone
2’,4,4’-Trihydroxychalcone
OH O OH
OH
O
HO
OH
OH
OH
O
9,10,16-Trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione
O
OH O OH
HO
O
HO
OH
HO
OH
O
HO
OH
OH
9,10,18-Trihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, (R*,R*)
O
5,6,7-Trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
O OH
OH
OH
O
OH
HO
O
OH
OH
1-(2,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)-1-butanone
O
HO
OH
HO
O
OH HO
OH
OH
I
OH OH
OH
1-(2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone
OH I
O O
I
HO
I
I
Triiodomethane
2,4,6-Triiodophenol
B
O
O Al
O
Al
OH
I I
I
I
2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid
N
O
3,3’,5-Triiodothyropropanoic acid
O O P O O
O
2,6,7-Trihydroxy-9-phenyl-3H-xanthen-3-one
I I
H I
HO
OH
1-(2,4,6-Trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
Triisobutyl aluminate
HO
N
Triisobutylaluminum
OH N
O O
Triisobutylamine
O Si O O
O
HO Triisobutylborane
Triisobutyl phosphate
Triisopentylamine
O 1,2,4-Triisopropylbenzene
1,3,5-Triisopropylbenzene
O B
O
Triisopropyl borate
Triisopropanolamine
O O P O O Triisopropyl phosphate
Triisopropoxymethane
O
O P
O
Triisopropyl phosphite
Triisopropoxyvinylsilane
O O V O O Triisopropyl vanadate
3-504
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
10468 Trimecaine
2-Diethylamino-2’,4’,6’trimethylacetanilide
C15H24N2O
616-68-2
248.364
cry
44
1876
552-30-7 84-96-8
192.125 298.446
cry
162 68
24114 1620.3
2275-18-5 554-92-7 738-70-5
285.364 424.918 290.318
solid cry ye cry
28.5 188 201
1350.1
10469 Trimellitic anhydride 10470 Trimeprazine
C9H4O5 N,N,β-Trimethyl-10HC18H22N2S phenothiazine-10-propanamine 10471 Trimethoate C9H20NO3PS2 10472 Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride C21H29ClN2O5 10473 Trimethoprim C14H18N4O3 10474 3,4,5-Trimethoxyaniline 10475 2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 10476 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde
C9H13NO3 C10H12O4 C10H12O4
24313-88-0 2103-57-3 4460-86-0
183.204 196.200 196.200
10477 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde 10478 1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene
C10H12O4 C9H12O3
86-81-7 634-36-6
196.200 168.189
10479 1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene
C9H12O3
621-23-8
168.189
10480 3,4,5Mescaline Trimethoxybenzeneethanamine 10481 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzenemethanol 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl alcohol 10482 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid
C11H17NO3
54-04-6
211.258
C10H14O4 C10H12O5
3840-31-1 490-64-2
198.216 212.199
10483 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid
C10H12O5
118-41-2
212.199
10484 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl chloride 10485 Trimethoxyboroxin 10486 6,6’,7-Trimethoxy-2,2’dimethylberbaman-12-ol 10487 6,6’,7-Trimethoxy-2,2’dimethyloxyacanthan-12’-ol
Berbamine
C10H11ClO4 C3H9B3O6 C37H40N2O6
4521-61-3 102-24-9 478-61-5
230.645 173.532 608.723
Oxyacanthine
C37H40N2O6
548-40-3
10488 7’,10,11-Trimethoxyemetan-6’-ol
Cephaeline
C28H38N2O4
10489 1,1,1-Trimethoxyethane 10490 4,7,8-Trimethoxyfuro[2,3-b] quinoline
Skimmianine
10491 10492 10493 10494 10495 10496 10497 10498 10499
Trimethoxymethane Trimethoxymethylsilane Trimethoxyphenylsilane Trimethoxysilane 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol (3-Mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-1,2ethanediamine 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate Trimethyl aluminum Trimethylamine N,N-Dimethylmethanamine
10500 Trimethylamine borane 10501 Trimethylamine hydrochloride 10502 Trimethylamine oxide 10503 10504 10505 10506
2,4,5-Trimethylaniline 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline Trimethylarsine 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde
N,N-Dimethylmethanamine borane N,N-Dimethylmethanamine hydrochloride N,N-Dimethylmethanamine oxide Mesitylamine
den/ g cm-3
nD
sl H2O vs H2O sl chl, MeOH; i eth, bz
112.8 1220.5
1.554720
114
orth nd (al) pr (al), lf (peth) cry
72.5 48.5
1485 235
54.5
255.5
35.5
18012
3 nd (al or bz- 145 peth) mcl nd (w) 172.3 82
22825 300
s H2O, eth, chl, lig s chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz s H2O, EtOH, bz, chl; i eth, peth
1.100945
1.142720
1.543920 vs H2O, bz, EtOH, peth sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, chl
22610 18518 1.4025
608.723
lf (+2w, al) cry (peth) nd (al, eth)
198.5 216.5
483-17-0
466.613
nd (eth)
115.5
C5H12O3 C14H13NO4
1445-45-0 83-95-4
120.147 259.258
pym (al)
177
C4H10O3 C4H12O3Si C9H14O3Si C3H10O3Si C6H16O3SSi
149-73-5 1185-55-3 2996-92-1 2487-90-3 4420-74-0
106.120 136.222 198.291 122.195 196.340
C8H22N2O3Si
1760-24-3
222.358
C10H20O5Si
2530-85-0
248.349
liq
C3H9Al C3H9N
75-24-1 75-50-3
72.085 59.110
col gas
C3H12BN
75-22-9
72.945
C3H10ClN
593-81-7
95.571
C3H9NO
1184-78-7
75.109
C9H13N C9H13N C3H9As C10H12O
137-17-7 88-05-1 593-88-4 487-68-3
15
108
0.943825
1.385925
104 102.5 13045, 11020 32100 12850, 9310
0.967620 0.954820 1.06420
1.379320 1.369620 1.473420
1.01525
1.442025
140.515
1.0125
1.441625
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl, peth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl; i lig vs ace, EtOH, MeOH, chl vs eth, EtOH i H2O, peth; s EtOH, chl; sl eth, CS2 s EtOH, eth s chl s ctc, CS2
1075, 951 15.4 -117.1
130; 208 2.87
94
172
0.75220 0.62725 (p>1 atm) 0.79225
mcl hyg nd 277.5 (al) hyg nd (w+2) 256
sub 200
135.206 135.206 120.025 148.201
nd (w) liq liq
68 -2.5 -87.3 14
234.5 232.5 52 238.5
0.95725 0.963325 1.14415 1.015425
1.36310
vs H2O, chl, tol; s EtOH, eth, bz vs eth, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH, chl vs H2O, EtOH
1.549520
10507 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
Hemimellitene
C9H12
526-73-8
120.191
liq
-25.4
176.12
0.894420
1.513920
10508 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Pseudocumene
C9H12
95-63-6
120.191
liq
-43.77
169.38
0.875820
1.504820
10509 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Mesitylene
C9H12
108-67-8
120.191
liq
-44.72
164.74
0.861525
1.499420
C9H12O2
700-13-0
152.190
nd (w)
169 dec
10510 2,3,5-Trimethyl-1,4-benzenediol
Solubility
vs EtOH sl ctc vs bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-505
O N
HN
OH
O
O
N
O O
Trimecaine
O
O
S
Trimellitic anhydride
NH2
Trimeprazine
N
O O O
N H
O
NH2
O
O
O
Trimethoprim
O
O
O
2,3,4-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde
OH
NH2
O
1,2,3-Trimethoxybenzene
OH
O
OH
O O
O
O
O
O
1,3,5-Trimethoxybenzene
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzeneethanamine
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzenemethanol
O
Cl O O
B O
O
B O
N H
O
O
B O
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl chloride
Trimethoxyboroxin
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
3,4,5-Trimethoxyaniline
O
O
O
O
HCl
Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride
O
O
N
O O
O
NH2
N H
Trimethoate
N
O
S O P O S
N
O
2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid
3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid
O
O
O N H
N H
O
O
O
O
O
N H
O
O
O OH
OH 6,6’,7-Trimethoxy-2,2’-dimethylberbaman-12-ol
6,6’,7-Trimethoxy-2,2’-dimethyloxyacanthan-12’-ol
O N
O
H O H H
H
O
N
O
OH 7’,10,11-Trimethoxyemetan-6’-ol
O
H Si O O
Trimethoxysilane
O O Si O
O
O
O
1,1,1-Trimethoxyethane
O O Si O
SH
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol
O
O
N O
O
4,7,8-Trimethoxyfuro[2,3-b]quinoline
O Si O O
N H
NH2
Trimethoxymethane
Trimethylamine borane
N
HCl
Trimethylamine hydrochloride
Trimethoxymethylsilane
3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate
Al
N
Trimethyl aluminum
Trimethylamine
O
NH2
N O
As 2,4,5-Trimethylaniline
2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
Trimethylarsine
OH
OH 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
Trimethoxyphenylsilane
O O
N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-1,2-ethanediamine
Trimethylamine oxide
Si O O
O O Si O
NH2 H N B H H
O
O
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
2,3,5-Trimethyl-1,4-benzenediol
2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde
3-506
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
10511 N,α,αTrimethylbenzeneethanamine 10512 Trimethyl 1,2,4benzenetricarboxylate 10513 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic acid
Mephentermine
C11H17N
100-92-5
163.260
liq
Trimethyl trimellitate
C12H12O6
2459-10-1
252.219
visc oil
-13
C10H12O2
480-63-7
164.201
pr (lig)
156.5
C10H16Si C10H18
770-09-2 464-15-3
164.320 138.250
α-Fenchyl alcohol, ( l)
C10H18O
512-13-0
154.249
Bornyl acetate
C12H20O2
76-49-3
196.286
C10H16
464-17-5
136.234
C10H16O
1820-09-3
C10H16O Chrysanthenone
Triptane
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
959 19412
i H2O; s eth; vs EtOH 1.261
1.523020 sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, chl
190.5 161
0.893320
48
9420
0.903484
29
221
113
146
152.233
24
9210
0.965725
1.490825
1845-30-3
152.233
15.5
9010
0.968425
1.491225
C10H14O
473-06-3
150.217
C3H9B C3H9BO3 C7H16
593-90-8 121-43-7 464-06-2
55.914 103.912 100.202
col gas liq liq
10525 2,3,3-Trimethyl-2-butanol
C7H16O
594-83-2
116.201
10526 2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-butene
C7H14
594-56-9
98.186
cry (dil al +1/ 17 2w) liq -109.9
10527 Trimethylchlorosilane 10528 Trimethyl citrate 10529 2,6,6-Trimethyl-2,4cycloheptadien-1-one 10530 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclohexane 10531 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane 10532 1α,2β,4β-1,2,4Trimethylcyclohexane 10533 1α,3α,5β-1,3,5Trimethylcyclohexane 10534 cis-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
C3H9ClSi C9H14O7 C10H14O
75-77-4 1587-20-8 503-93-5
108.642 234.203 150.217
liq tcl
C9H18 C9H18 C9H18
7094-26-0 3073-66-3 7667-60-9
126.239 126.239 126.239
liq liq liq
C9H18
1795-26-2
126.239
liq
C9H18O
933-48-2
142.238
10535 trans-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
C9H18O
767-54-4
142.238
10536 10537 10538 10539
Dihydroisophorone β-Cyclocitral
C9H16O C9H16O C9H16O C10H16O
2408-37-9 2230-70-8 873-94-9 432-25-7
140.222 140.222 140.222 152.233
Isophorol β-Ionol
C9H16O C13H22O
470-99-5 22029-76-1
140.222 194.313
α-Ionol
C13H22O
25312-34-9
194.313
oil
C8H16 C8H16 C8H16
4259-00-1 4516-69-2 4850-28-6
112.213 112.213 112.213
liq liq liq
C8H16
16883-48-0
112.213
C10H16O4
124-83-4
C8H14O C8H14O C6H12 C15H24O C3H9Ga C10H22 C10H22 C10H22
10514 Trimethylbenzylsilane 10515 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptane 10516 1,3,3-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol, (1S-endo) 10517 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol acetate, endo 10518 1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept2-ene 10519 4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept3-en-2-ol, (1α,2α,5α) 10520 4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept3-en-2-ol, (1α,2β,5α) 10521 2,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept2-en-6-one 10522 Trimethylborane 10523 Trimethyl borate 10524 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane
10540 10541 10542 10543 10544 10545 10546 10547
10548 10549 10550 10551 10552 10553 10554 10555
2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone 2,4,4-Trimethylcyclohexanone 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanone 2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1carboxaldehyde 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen1-yl)-3-buten-2-ol 4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen1-yl)-3-buten-2-ol 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopentane 1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane 1α,2α,4β-1,2,4Trimethylcyclopentane 1α,2β,4α-1,2,4Trimethylcyclopentane 1,2,2-Trimethyl-1,3cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, (1R, 3S) 2,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentanone 2,4,4-Trimethylcyclopentanone 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopropane 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10dodecatrienal Trimethylgallium 2,2,6-Trimethylheptane 2,5,5-Trimethylheptane 3,3,5-Trimethylheptane
Eucarvone
trans-1,3,5Trimethylcyclohexane
(+)-Camphoric acid
hex pl(al), pr(MeOH) pr
cry (al)
1.494120 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, AcOEt, MeOH
vs bz, eth, EtOH
8812 -161.5 -29.3 -24.6
Solubility
1.472022
vs EtOH
vs eth, MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth; vs ace, bz, peth, ctc sl H2O; vs ace, eth, EtOH i H2O; s eth, bz, chl, MeOH
-20.2 67.5 80.86
0.91525 0.690120
1.356820 1.386420
131
0.838025
1.423322
77.9
0.705020
1.402520
60 285; 17616 210; 10522
0.85625
1.387020
0.949020
1.508720
-29 -65.7 -83.5
145.2 136.6 142.9
0.796325 0.774925 0.787025
1.438220 1.429520 1.434120
i H2O
-107.4
140.5
0.779420
1.430720
vs bz, eth, lig
37.3
202; 9212
0.900616
1.455016
cry (eth)
55.8
189.2
0.863160
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl
liq
-31.8
178.5 191 189 11229, 9715
0.904318 0.90220 0.891919 0.95915
1.447020 1.449320 1.445415 1.497115
695 13014
0.91420 0.924320
1.471720 1.496920
12714
0.918920
1.473520
-21.6 -142.4 -132.6
114; 53100 104.9 116.7
0.766020 0.743925 0.759225
1.419920 1.411220 1.418620
liq
-130.8
109.3
0.743025
1.410620
200.232
pr, lf (w)
187
28056-54-4 4694-12-6 4127-45-1 19317-11-4
126.196 126.196 84.159 220.351
liq liq liq
-40.6 -25.6 -138.2
1445-79-0 1190-83-6 1189-99-7 7154-80-5
114.826 142.282 142.282 142.282
liq
-105
-40 79.3
ye oil
1.18620
vs eth, EtOH s eth, ace
s EtOH, eth, ace
i H2O
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s ace; i bz, chl
158 160.5 54 17214
0.87725 0.878518 0.689725 0.89318
1.430020 1.43318 1.386420 1.4995
55.7 148.9 152.8 155.7
0.720025 0.736225 0.724820
1.407820 1.414920 1.417020
dec H2O (exp)
i H2O; s bz, ctc, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds O
O
3-507
O
O
OH
O H N
Si O
N,α,α-Trimethylbenzeneethanamine
O
Trimethyl 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylate
2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic acid
Trimethylbenzylsilane
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
O OH
O
1,3,3-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, (1S-endo)
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol acetate, endo
OH
OH
4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, (1α,2α,5α)
O
O B
1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
2,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-6-one
OH
Cl Si
O
Trimethyl borate
2,2,3-Trimethylbutane
2,3,3-Trimethyl-2-butanol
B
O
4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol, (1α,2β,5α)
2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-butene
Trimethylborane
MeOOC
Trimethylchlorosilane
COOMe COOMe OH
Trimethyl citrate
O
2,6,6-Trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one
1,1,2-Trimethylcyclohexane
OH
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclohexane
O
OH
cis-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone
OH
2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde
1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopentane
1,1,3-Trimethylcyclopentane
3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanone
OH
4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-ol
1α,2α,4β-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane
4-(2,6,6-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-ol
1α,2β,4α-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentane
O
O HOOC
2,4,4-Trimethylcyclohexanone
OH
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol
1α,3α,5β-1,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexane
O
O
trans-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
O
1α,2β,4β-1,2,4-Trimethylcyclohexane
COOH
1,2,2-Trimethyl-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid, (1R, 3S)
O 3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienal
2,2,4-Trimethylcyclopentanone
2,4,4-Trimethylcyclopentanone
1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopropane
Ga Trimethylgallium
2,2,6-Trimethylheptane
2,5,5-Trimethylheptane
3,3,5-Trimethylheptane
3-508
No. Name
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
liq liq
-120 -105.7
162.5 133.6 126.5 124.09
0.751925 0.725725 0.71120 0.707220
1.422920 1.410620 1.403320 1.399720
137.7 139.1 131.4 130.7 140.5 12110, 854 194 100.510 135.7 10711 192; 7310 14512 255 225.4 168.1 1605 795
0.734525 0.735425 0.721820 0.720125 0.741425
1.414120 1.414420 1.405120 1.407420 1.417820
0.823625 0.971420 1.56819
1.430025 1.552120
0.866620
1.490020
10556 10557 10558 10559
3,4,5-Trimethylheptane 2,2,3-Trimethylhexane 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane
C10H22 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20
20278-89-1 16747-25-4 16747-26-5 3522-94-9
142.282 128.255 128.255 128.255
10560 10561 10562 10563 10564 10565 10566 10567 10568 10569 10570 10571 10572 10573 10574 10575 10576
2,3,3-Trimethylhexane 2,3,4-Trimethylhexane 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 3,3,4-Trimethylhexane 3,5,5-Trimethylhexanoic acid 3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol 1,2,3-Trimethylindene Trimethylindium 2,3,3-Trimethyl-3H-indole Trimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silane 1,4,5-Trimethylnaphthalene 1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-nitrobenzene 2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-nonanol 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane Trimethylolpropane 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2,4oxazolidinedione
C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H18O2 C9H20O C12H14 C3H9In C11H13N C10H16Si C13H14 C9H11NO2 C12H26O C11H24 C6H14O3 C6H9NO3
16747-28-7 921-47-1 1069-53-0 16747-30-1 16747-31-2 3302-10-1 3452-97-9 4773-83-5 3385-78-2 1640-39-7 3728-43-6 2131-41-1 603-71-4 123-17-1 62016-38-0 77-99-6 127-48-0
128.255 128.255 128.255 128.255 128.255 158.238 144.254 158.239 159.921 159.228 164.320 170.250 165.189 186.333 156.309 134.173 143.140
liq
-116.8
liq liq liq liq
-127.9 -113.4 -101.2
C3H9BF4O C8H19N C8H18
420-37-1 107-45-9 564-02-3
147.907 129.244 114.229
hyg nd
148 dec
liq
-112.2
110
0.716120
1.403020
C8H18
540-84-1
114.229
liq
-107.3
99.22
0.687825
1.388425
10581 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
C8H18
560-21-4
114.229
liq
-100.9
114.8
0.726220
1.407520
10582 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
C8H18
565-75-3
114.229
liq
-109.2
113.5
0.719120
1.404220
10583 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol
C8H18O2
144-19-4
146.228
pl (bz)
51.5
235; 811
0.93615
1.451315
10584 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanethiol 10585 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanol
C8H18S C8H18O
141-59-3 690-37-9
146.294 130.228
liq liq
-20
7650 147.5
0.822520
1.428420
C8H18O C8H16O C8H16 C8H16
5162-48-1 5857-36-3 560-23-6 107-39-1
130.228 128.212 112.213 112.213
liq
-13
liq liq
-69 -93.5
150.5 135.1 108.3 101.4
0.829720 0.806520 0.730825 0.715020
1.428820 1.4060 1.417420 1.408620
10590 2,3,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene 10591 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene
C8H16 C8H16
565-77-5 107-40-4
112.213 112.213
liq liq
-113.4 -106.3
116.5 104.9
0.743420 0.721820
1.427420 1.416020
10592 10593 10594 10595
2,3,4-Trimethylphenol 2,3,5-Trimethylphenol 2,3,6-Trimethylphenol 2,4,5-Trimethylphenol
C9H12O C9H12O C9H12O C9H12O
526-85-2 697-82-5 2416-94-6 496-78-6
136.190 136.190 136.190 136.190
nd (peth)
81 94.5 63 72
236 233
10596 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol
C9H12O
527-60-6
136.190
73
220
10597 3,4,5-Trimethylphenol 10598 Trimethylphenoxysilane 10599 Trimethylphenylammonium Phenyltrimethylammonium chloride chloride 10600 1-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)ethanone
C9H12O C9H14OSi C9H14ClN
527-54-8 1529-17-5 138-24-9
136.190 166.292 171.667
nd (peth, MeOH) nd (peth) liq
108 -55
248.5 119
C11H14O
1667-01-2
162.228
241; 12012
0.975420
Phenyl(trimethylsilyl)amine
C9H15NSi
3768-55-6
165.308
206
0.94020
Methyl phosphate
C9H14Si C3H9O4P
768-32-1 512-56-1
150.293 140.074
liq
-46
169.5 197.2
0.872220 1.214420
C3H9P
594-09-2
76.077
liq
-85
37.5
Isononanoic acid
Indium trimethyl
Trimethadione
10577 Trimethyloxonium fluoborate 10578 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanamine 10579 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
10580 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
10586 10587 10588 10589
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanol 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone 2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-pentene 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene
10601 1,1,1-Trimethyl-Nphenylsilanamine 10602 Trimethylphenylsilane 10603 Trimethyl phosphate 10604 Trimethylphosphine
Isooctane
tert-Butyl isopropyl ketone
liq
lf (MeOH) orth pr (al)
38 63 44
wh pow or pl 58 46
nd (lig)
Solubility
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s ctc
i H2O vs EtOH sl ctc
1.5125 0.817820
232
vs H2O, EtOH s H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, bz; i peth vs ace, chl s chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, hp; s bz i H2O; msc EtOH, ace, hp; s eth, ctc i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth, ace, bz, hp i H2O; vs EtOH; msc eth, ace, bz; sl ctc sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s bz, chl i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth i H2O; s eth, ace i H2O; s eth, bz, ctc, chl, lig i H2O; s eth, bz, ctc, chl; vs lig vs bz, eth, EtOH
i H2O; vs EtOH, eth vs eth, EtOH
0.868120
1.512520 vs H2O, EtOH 1.517520
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, ctc
1.490720 1.396720
s ctc, CS2 vs H2O; sl EtOH; s eth i H2O; s eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3,4,5-Trimethylheptane
2,2,3-Trimethylhexane
3-509
2,2,4-Trimethylhexane
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane
2,3,3-Trimethylhexane
2,3,4-Trimethylhexane
O OH 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane
2,4,4-Trimethylhexane
3,3,4-Trimethylhexane
OH
3,5,5-Trimethylhexanoic acid
3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-hexanol
1,2,3-Trimethylindene
Si O N In
O
N
Trimethylindium
2,3,3-Trimethyl-3H-indole
Trimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silane
1,4,5-Trimethylnaphthalene
1,3,5-Trimethyl-2-nitrobenzene
O OH HO 2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-nonanol
2,4,7-Trimethyloctane
N
OH OH
O O
O
Trimethylolpropane
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione
F F B F F
Trimethyloxonium fluoborate
OH
NH2 OH 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanamine
2,2,3-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
SH
2,3,3-Trimethylpentane
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol
OH OH
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanethiol
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentanol
O
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanol
2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone
2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-pentene
OH OH
OH
2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene
2,3,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene
OH
2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene
OH
2,3,4-Trimethylphenol
2,3,5-Trimethylphenol
2,3,6-Trimethylphenol
OH N O
2,4,5-Trimethylphenol
2,4,6-Trimethylphenol
3,4,5-Trimethylphenol
Cl
Si
Trimethylphenoxysilane
Trimethylphenylammonium chloride
O H N 1-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)ethanone
Si Si
1,1,1-Trimethyl-N-phenylsilanamine
Trimethylphenylsilane
O O P O O
P
Trimethyl phosphate
Trimethylphosphine
3-510
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
10605 Trimethyl phosphite
C3H9O3P
121-45-9
nD
Solubility
124.075
111.5
1.051820
1.409520
120-85-4 101257-71-0 14667-55-1 1072-91-9 1462-84-6
128.215 127.228 122.167 110.156 121.180
149.5 148 8735 170 171.6
0.83215
1.443320 1.445820
vs EtOH, eth; sl ctc s ctc vs eth, EtOH
10606 10607 10608 10609 10610
2,3,6-Collidine
C7H16N2 C8H17N C7H10N2 C6H10N2 C8H11N
0.926940 0.922025
1.458957 1.505320
2,4,6-Collidine
C8H11N
108-75-8
121.180
170.6
0.916622
1.495925
10612 1,2,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrrole 10613 N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-quinolinamine
C7H11N C12H14N2
930-87-0 92-99-9
109.169 186.252
171 319
0.80725
1.496920
10614 10615 10616 10617
C3H10Si C6H12N2Si C6H16OSi C3H9Sb
993-07-7 18156-74-6 2917-47-7 594-10-5
74.197 140.258 132.276 166.863
No. Name
1,2,4-Trimethylpiperazine 2,2,4-Trimethylpiperidine Trimethylpyrazine 1,3,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrazole 2,3,6-Trimethylpyridine
10611 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine
Synonym
Trimethylsilane 1-(Trimethylsilyl)-1H-imidazole 3-(Trimethylsilyl)-1-propanol Trimethylstibine
Physical Form
mp/˚C
37
liq
-46
ye pr (HOAc, 101 AcOEt) col gas -135.9
s ctc, CS2
6.7 s chl
liq
-62
141; 8224 80.6
0.82225 1.52315
1.429820 1.4215
211 dec 87.5 100
1901.5
1.106220
1.539720
10618 Trimethylsulfonium iodide 10619 Trimethylthiourea 10620 2,4,6-Trimethyl-2,4,6triphenylcyclotrisiloxane 10621 Trimethylurea
C3H9IS C4H10N2S C21H24O3Si3
2181-42-2 2489-77-2 546-45-2
204.072 118.200 408.671
cry (eth) pr (bz-lig)
C4H10N2O
632-14-4
102.134
pr (eth)
75.5
232.5
1.190020
10622 Trinitroacetonitrile 10623 2,4,6-Trinitroaniline
C2N4O6 C6H4N4O6
630-72-8 489-98-5
176.044 228.119
wax dk ye pr (HOAc)
41.5 193.5
exp 220 exp
1.76210
1.4775152
sym-Trinitrobenzene
C6H3N3O6
99-35-4
213.104
orth pl (bz) lf 122.9 (w)
315
10625 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-benzenediol
Styphnic acid
C6H3N3O8
82-71-3
245.103
sub
10626 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
C7H3N3O8
129-66-8
257.114
hex ye cry (dil al) orth (w)
10627 2,4,7-Trinitro-9H-fluoren-9-one
C13H5N3O7
129-79-3
315.195
175.5 228 dec
sl H2O, bz; vs EtOH; s eth, ace sl H2O; vs ace, bz, chl 86.3 1.5920 exp 218; 930.31 1.593120
10628 Trinitrofluoromethane 10629 Trinitroglycerol
Fluorotrinitromethane Nitroglycerin
CFN3O6 C3H5N3O9
1840-42-2 55-63-0
169.025 227.087
10630 Trinitromethane 10631 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
Picric acid
CHN3O6 C6H3N3O7
517-25-9 88-89-1
151.035 229.104
15 ye lf (w), pr 122.5 (eth) pl (al)
10632 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, sodium salt 10633 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
Sodium picrate 2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
C6H2N3NaO7 C7H5N3O6
3324-58-1 118-96-7
251.086 227.131
nd (w) orth (al)
270.4 80.5
10634 2,4,6-Trinitro-N-(2,4,6trinitrophenyl)aniline
Dipicrylamine
C12H5N7O12
131-73-7
439.208
pa ye pr(HOAc)
244 dec
N,N-Dioctyl-1-octanamine TOPO Formaldehyde, trimer
C24H51Al C24H51N C24H51OP C3H6O3
1070-00-4 1116-76-3 78-50-2 110-88-3
366.644 353.669 386.635 90.078
hyg visc liq liq
-62 -34.6 52 orth nd (eth) 60.29
366 2012 114.5
462-02-2 4246-51-9
129.074 220.309
amor pow liq
dec 1474
81-23-2
402.524
Trioctylaluminum Trioctylamine Trioctylphosphine oxide 1,3,5-Trioxane
10639 1,3,5-Trioxane-2,4,6-triimine 10640 4,7,10-Trioxatridecane-1,13diamine 10641 3,7,12-Trioxocholan-24-oic acid, (5β)
Cyamelide C3H3N3O3 Diethyleneglycol diaminopropyl C10H24N2O3 ether Dehydrocholic acid C24H34O5
10642 Tripentylamine
N,N-Dipentyl-1-pentanamine
C15H33N
621-77-2
227.430
10643 Triphenylamine
N,N-Diphenylbenzenamine
C18H15N
603-34-9
245.319
10644 Triphenylarsine
C18H15As
603-32-7
306.234
10645 Triphenylarsine oxide
C18H15AsO
1153-05-5
322.233
s H2O, EtOH; sl eth, bz vs eth i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; s ace, bz, AcOEt sl H2O, EtOH, eth; vs ace; s bz, py vs eth, EtOH
pa ye nd (bz, 175.8 HOAc) pa ye tcl or orth
13.5
dec
exp exp 300
1.47920
exp 240
1.65425
0.701 0.811020
1.478612
1.445124 1.763
1.451019
1.1765
1.12715 1.005
sl H2O; s EtOH, bz; msc eth; vs ace, chl vs ace, EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl; vs ace i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth; vs ace, bz i H2O, EtOH, bz, ctc; sl eth, ace; vs py
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, CS2; i peth vs eth, EtOH 1.464020
237
242.5
0.790720
1.436620
365
0.7740
1.35316
61
360
1.263418
1.688821
192
324.0
mcl (MeOH, 126.5 bz)
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, CS2 vs bz, EtOH, chl
10624 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
10635 10636 10637 10638
s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, bz s H2O, EtOH, eth, ace, ctc
i H2O, eth; sl EtOH, bz; s ace, AcOEt i H2O; s EtOH, eth, acid i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, bz, MeOH i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth, bz; s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-511
N O P
O
N
N
O
Trimethyl phosphite
N H
1,2,4-Trimethylpiperazine
N
N
2,2,4-Trimethylpiperidine
Trimethylpyrazine
N N
1,3,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrazole
2,3,6-Trimethylpyridine
N N N
N 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine
H Si
N Si
Trimethylsilane
1-(Trimethylsilyl)-1H-imidazole
N
1,2,5-Trimethyl-1H-pyrrole
N,N,2-Trimethyl-6-quinolinamine
S Sb
S
Trimethylstibine
O
O N
NH2 O N
O
N
N
2,4,6-Trinitroaniline
N O
O N
OH O N
O
O
O
O N
O
OH
O2N O2N
N H
Trimethylurea
OH O N
O
O
N NO2
Trinitroacetonitrile
O N
O
O N
O
OH O
1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene
N
O
O
2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-benzenediol
O F O2N
O N
O
N O
Si
2,4,6-Trimethyl-2,4,6-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane
O
O
Si O
N H
Trimethylthiourea
O O
O
N
I
Trimethylsulfonium iodide
O
Si O
Si
3-(Trimethylsilyl)-1-propanol
O N
N
O
O
2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic acid
OH O N
O
O
O N
N
O
2,4,7-Trinitro-9H-fluoren-9-one
O
O N
Na O
O
O N
O N
O
H
NO2 NO2
ONO2 ONO2
O2NO
Trinitrofluoromethane
Trinitroglycerol
O2N
NO2 NO2
O
Trinitromethane
N
O
O
2,4,6-Trinitrophenol
N
O
O
2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, sodium salt
N
O
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
NO2 O2N H N
O 2N
NO2
NO2 O2N
Al
N
2,4,6-Trinitro-N-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)aniline
Trioctylaluminum
Trioctylamine
O P
NH O
O O
Trioctylphosphine oxide
1,3,5-Trioxane
O HN
O O
NH
1,3,5-Trioxane-2,4,6-triimine
H2N
O
O
O
NH2
4,7,10-Trioxatridecane-1,13-diamine
O O
OH O As
H
O
H
O
3,7,12-Trioxocholan-24-oic acid, (5β)
N
As
Triphenylamine
Triphenylarsine
N Tripentylamine
Triphenylarsine oxide
3-512
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
10646 Triphenylbismuthine
C18H15Bi
603-33-8
440.292
nD
Solubility
77.6
24214
1.71575
1.704075
22014
1.037378
1.629278
nd or pr (al) 146.5 nd (al) 275
dec sub
1.16320
244.330
orth (al)
93.4
359; 20010
1.01499
76-84-6
260.329
pl (al), trg (bz)
164.2
380
1.1990
C18H15O4P
115-86-6
326.283
cry (lig), pr 50.5 (al) nd (eth)
24511
1.205550
10656 Triphenylphosphine
C18H15P
603-35-0
262.286
80
1881
1.074980
10657 Triphenylphosphine oxide
C18H15OP
791-28-6
278.285
156.5
>360
1.212423
10658 10659 10660 10661
Triphenyl phosphite Triphenylsilane Triphenylsilanol Triphenylstibine
C18H15O3P C18H16Si C18H16OSi C18H15Sb
101-02-0 789-25-3 791-31-1 603-36-1
310.284 260.406 276.405 353.072
25
360
1.184220
1.590020
pr (peth)
154.8 53.5
>360
1.177720 1.434325
1.694842
10662 Triphenyltetrazolium chloride
C19H15ClN4
298-96-4
334.802
nd (al,chl)
243 dec
sl EtOH, chl; s eth, ace, bz, CS2 i H2O; sl eth; s bz, lig i H2O; s EtOH, HOAc; vs bz, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth, bz; sl MeOH i H2O; s EtOH, chl, MeOH; vs eth sl H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth, py, chl; s bz i H2O, peth; vs EtOH, eth; s ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, bz, ctc, chl i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl; vs eth sl H2O, eth, chl; vs EtOH, bz i H2O; vs EtOH s ctc, CS2 s ctc, CS2 i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth, ace, bz, chl s H2O, EtOH, ace, chl; i eth
10647 Triphenylborane
C18H15B
960-71-4
242.123
wh cry
142
C18H12
217-59-4
228.288
nd (al, chl, bz)
197.8
10649 1,1,2-Triphenylethane
C20H18
1520-42-9
258.357
mcl lf (dil al) 57 , nd (al)
10650 1,1,2-Triphenylethene
C20H16
58-72-0
256.341
lf (al)
10651 N,N’,N’’-Triphenylguanidine 10652 2,4,5-Triphenyl-1H-imidazole
C19H17N3 C21H16N2
101-01-9 484-47-9
287.358 296.365
10653 Triphenylmethane
C19H16
519-73-3
10654 Triphenylmethanol
C19H16O
10655 Triphenyl phosphate
C18H16OSn C21H15N3 C6H5K3O7 C19H22N2 C15H20O6
76-87-9 493-77-6 866-84-2 486-12-4 15625-89-5
367.029 309.364 306.395 278.391 296.316
wh cry (w) cry (peth)
119 257 275 dec 60
C9H21N C9H21B C9H21BO3
102-69-2 1116-61-6 688-71-1
143.270 140.074 188.072
liq liq
C9H20O4
24800-44-0
192.253
liq
42978-66-5 20324-33-8
300.348 206.280
>1201 241.3
513-08-6
224.234
C.I. Basic Red 9 Triethylenemelamine
C9H21O3P C9H22Si C19H19N3O C9H12N6
923-99-9 998-29-8 467-62-9 51-18-3
208.235 158.357 305.373 204.231
78-51-3 115-96-8 140-08-9 13674-87-8
398.473 285.489 269.490 430.904
liq
Fyrol FR-2
C18H39O7P C6H12Cl3O4P C6H12Cl3O3P C9H15Cl6O4P
Paraleucaniline
C25H31N3
603-48-5
373.534
lf (al), nd (bz)
2,4-Xylenol, phosphate (3:1)
C24H27O4P
3862-12-2
410.442
2,5-Xylenol, phosphate (3:1)
C24H27O4P
19074-59-0
410.442
No. Name
10648 Triphenylene
10663 10664 10665 10666 10667
Synonym
Benzo[1]phenanthrene
Triphenyltin hydroxide 2,4,6-Triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Tripotassium citrate Triprolidine Tri-2-propenoyl-2-ethyl-2(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol 10668 Tripropylamine 10669 Tripropylborane 10670 Tripropyl borate
Stannane, hydroxytriphenyl-
10671 Tripropylene glycol
[(1-Methyl-1,2-ethanediyl) bis(oxy)]bispropanol
10672 Tripropylene glycol diacrylate 10673 Tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether
C15H24O6 1-[2-(2-Methoxy-1C10H22O4 methylethoxy)-1-methylethoxy] -2-propanol C9H21O4P
10674 Tripropyl phosphate
10675 10676 10677 10678 10679 10680 10681 10682 10683 10684 10685
Tripropyl phosphite Tripropylsilane Tris(4-aminophenyl)methanol 2,4,6-Tris(1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5triazine Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate Tris(4-dimethylaminophenyl) methane Tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphate Tris(2,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphate
Potassium citrate Trimethylolpropane triacrylate N,N-Dipropyl-1-propanamine Boric acid, tripropyl ester
Tripropoxyphosphine
Physical Form
pr
72.5
425
purp cry cry pow
1.635880
1.5420 vs H2O; i EtOH >2001
-93.5 -56
1.583999
1.473520
156 159 179.5
0.755820 0.720425 0.857620
1.418120 1.413522 1.394820
268; 1152
1.0220
1.444020
252
1.012120
1.416520
206.5 172
0.941720 0.77230
1.428220 1.428020
205 139 dec 1.0225 1.3925 1.344326
1.472120 1.486820 1.502220
176.5
79.8
vs EtOH; msc eth; s PrOH
sl H2O, chl; s EtOH, eth, tol, CS2 vs eth, EtOH i H2O s H2O
25510 330; 19410 1203 2365
visc liq
vs eth, EtOH
i H2O s ctc i H2O vs bz, eth, chl
233.5
1.14238
2628
1.19725
1.555020
i H2O; s bz, chl, hx i H2O; sl EtOH, hx; s eth, bz, ctc
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-513 H N
N NH
Bi
B
Triphenylbismuthine
Triphenylborane
Triphenylene
1,1,2-Triphenylethane
1,1,2-Triphenylethene
N,N’,N’’-Triphenylguanidine
O O P O O
OH N
O P P
N H 2,4,5-Triphenyl-1H-imidazole
Triphenylmethane
Triphenylmethanol
Triphenyl phosphate
Triphenylphosphine
Triphenylphosphine oxide
Cl
O
O P
N
OH Si Si H
O
Triphenyl phosphite
Sb
Triphenylsilane
Triphenylsilanol
Triphenylstibine
Triphenyltetrazolium chloride
N N
N
O
O
N
O
2,4,6-Triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine
OH Sn
N N N
O
O
O O
3K
OH
O O
N
O
Tripotassium citrate
Triphenyltin hydroxide
O O
Triprolidine
N
Tri-2-propenoyl-2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol
Tripropylamine
O B
O
Tripropylborane
O B
O
HO
O
Tripropyl borate
O
OH
O
O
O
O
O
Tripropylene glycol
Tripropylene glycol diacrylate
OH
HO
O
O P O O O
O
O
H2N
O
Tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether
Tripropyl phosphate
O P
Si H
O
Tripropyl phosphite
O P O O O
O
N
N
O P O O O
Cl
N Cl
2,4,6-Tris(1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine
Tris(4-aminophenyl)methanol
O
O
N
NH2
Tripropylsilane
N N
NH2
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
O P
O
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite
N Cl Cl
O P O O O
Cl
O O P O O
Cl Cl
Cl
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate
N
O O P O O
N
Tris(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methane
Tris(2,4-dimethylphenyl) phosphate
Tris(2,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphate
Cl
3-514
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
10686 Tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate 10687 Tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphate
2,6-Xylenol, phosphate (3:1)
C24H27O4P
121-06-2
410.442
wax
137.8
2636
C24H27O4P
25653-16-1
410.442
46.2
29010
C24H51O4P C7H16S3 C9H15N3O6
78-42-2 6267-24-9 839-90-7
434.633 196.397 261.231
C5H9N3O9
3032-55-1
255.140
C6H12N6O3
1017-56-7
216.197
C4H11NO3
77-86-1
121.135
171.5
C11H24O6Si C23H21ClO3
1067-53-4 569-57-3
280.391 380.864
115
C21H21P C21H21P C21H21P C18H26O6
6163-58-2 6224-63-1 1038-95-5 3290-92-4
304.366 304.366 304.366 338.395
Sodium citrate Versen-Ol
C6H5Na3O7 C10H15N2Na3O7
68-04-2 139-89-9
258.069 344.204
Trinonafluorobutylamine 2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine
C12F27N C18H12N6
311-89-7 3682-35-7
671.092 312.328
2622-08-4 620-42-8 17185-29-4
352.364 352.364 918.781
291-21-4
138.275
10688 Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate 10689 Tris(ethylthio)methane 10690 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanuric acid 10691 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane trinitrate 10692 N,N’,N’’-Tris(hydroxymethyl) melamine 10693 Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine 10694 Tris(methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane 10695 Tris(4-methoxyphenyl) chloroethene 10696 Tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine 10697 Tris(3-methylphenyl)phosphine 10698 Tris(4-methylphenyl)phosphine 10699 Tris(2-methyl-2-propenoyl)-2ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3propanediol 10700 Trisodium citrate 10701 Trisodium Nhydroxyethylethylenediaminetriac etate 10702 Tris(perfluorobutyl)amine 10703 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridinyl)-1,3,5triazine 10704 Tris(o-tolyl) phosphite 10705 Tris(p-tolyl) phosphite 10706 Tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium carbonyl hydride 10707 1,3,5-Trithiane
Triethyl orthothioformate
2-Methyl-2-[(nitrooxy)methyl]1,3-propanediol, dinitrate Trimethylolmelamine 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)1,3-propanediol Chlorotrianisene
1,1,1-Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
C21H21O3P C21H21O3P Carbonylhydrotris(triphenylphos C55H46OP3Rh phine)rhodium C3H6S3
cry
21910
127.0 101.0 147.0 >2001
wh cry (w)
vs H2O; i EtOH
178
1.88425
1.29125
s ace
23811, 1972 25210
1.142320 1.128025 1.33
1.574028 1.570328
s eth; sl chl vs eth sl bz, chl
sub
1.637424
57.8
1.47625
1.0426100 1.5080100 vs bz, eth, EtOH, peth 1.016100 1.4811100 vs H2O, eth, EtOH s H2O, acid; i EtOH i H2O, eth, bz, chl; s EtOH, ace sl H2O, HOAc; s EtOH; i eth, chl vs ace, eth, EtOH sl H2O, peth; s EtOH, chl, DMSO s MeOH; i py, bz, ace, eth 2.65 i H2O; s os vs H2O; s EtOH, MeOH
210
pa ye ye cry
11 52 121
10709 Tritriacontane 10710 Tropacocaine
C33H68 C15H19NO2
630-05-7 537-26-8
464.893 245.318
pl or tab
71.2 49
dec
C8H15NO
120-29-6
141.211
hyg pl (eth)
64
233
10712 Trypan blue
C34H24N6Na4O14S4 72-57-1
960.805
dk bl cry
300
10713 Tryptamine
C10H12N2
61-54-1
160.215
nd (al-bz, lig)
118
C11H12N2O2
73-22-3
204.225
289 dec
C18H19NO3
517-97-5
297.349
lf or pl (dil al) nd (eth)
204
C24H34O9
21259-20-1
466.522
nd
151
C37H42Cl2N2O6
57-94-3
681.644
hyg cry
275 dec
C6O6W C12H22O11
14040-11-0 547-25-1
351.90 342.296
dec 170 168
sub
C13H26N2O4 C9H11NO3
4268-36-4 60-18-4
274.356 181.188
wh cry pr (w-al, MeOH) cry nd (w)
50 343 dec
1510.06 sub
10722 Tyrosineamide 10723 L-Tyrosine, ethyl ester
C9H12N2O2 C11H15NO3
4985-46-0 949-67-7
180.203 209.242
pl or pl (al) pr (AcOEt)
153.5 108.5
10724 L-Tyrosine, methyl ester, hydrochloride 10725 1,10-Undecadiyne 10726 Undecafluorocyclohexane 10727 Undecanal
C10H14ClNO3
3417-91-2
231.676
191.0
C11H16 C6HF11 C11H22O
4117-15-1 308-24-7 112-44-7
148.245 282.054 170.292
-17
10716 T-2 Toxin
Mycotoxin T2
10717 Tubocurarine dichloride 10718 Tungsten carbonyl 10719 Turanose 10720 Tybamate 10721 L-Tyrosine
Tungsten hexacarbonyl
4-Hydroxy-L-phenylalanine
1.47025
300 288 (hyd)
110.222
10715 Tsuduranine
vs H2O; s MeOH s ctc
594-08-1
α-Aminoindole-3-propionic acid, (l)
vs eth, EtOH
148
CH2S3
10714 L-Tryptophan
1.541015
830.05
10708 Trithiocarbonic acid
8-Methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octan-3-ol, endo
Solubility
136
hex (bz), pr 220 (w) nd (al) red oil -26.9
10711 Tropine
nD
i H2O; sl EtOH, hx; s bz i H2O; sl EtOH, chl, hx; s HOAc
2155 0.9920 dec 235; 12712 1.05320
liq cry
den/ g cm-3
-2.0
1370.15
8312 62.0 11718
1.822520
sl H2O, EtOH, eth; s bz dec H2O, EtOH; vs tol, chl
sl H2O, HOAc; i EtOH, eth vs H2O, EtOH vs bz, EtOH, AcOEt s H2O 0.818221
1.45321
vs ace, bz
0.825123
1.452020
i H2O; s EtOH, eth
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-515 O P O O O
O O P O O
O O P O O
O HO
N
OH
N
O
N
O
S S Tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl) phosphate
Tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
S
OH
Tris(ethylthio)methane
1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanuric acid
O
O2NO
N
ONO2 HO
O2NO 1,1,1-Tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane trinitrate
N H
O
OH
HN N N
O
NH2 HO OH
N H
O
O
Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine
O
P
O
Tris(methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane
O P P
O
O
O
OH
HO
N,N’,N’’-Tris(hydroxymethyl)melamine
Si
Cl
Tris(4-methoxyphenyl)chloroethene
O O
O
O O
O Tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphine
Tris(3-methylphenyl)phosphine
Tris(4-methylphenyl)phosphine
O
O
O
Tris(2-methyl-2-propenoyl)-2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol
3Na O
OH
Trisodium citrate
F F F F F
COO Na
HO N
F F
COO Na
N Na OOC
F
F
F
Trisodium N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetate
F F F F N
F F
F
F F
F
N
F
F
N
F
F
N
F F
F
Tris(perfluorobutyl)amine
N N
O P
O
N 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine
O
O P
O
Tris(o-tolyl) phosphite
O
Tris(p-tolyl) phosphite
N N CO R
Rh
R
P
R=
R
S
H
S
S HS
S Tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium carbonyl hydride
1,3,5-Trithiane
O SH
OH
O
Trithiocarbonic acid
Tritriacontane
Tropacocaine
Tropine
O NH2 OH
OH NH2 N N
NaO3S
O
SO3Na
NaO3S Trypan blue
H O
Tryptamine
Cl OH
N H
CO OC
Cl
OH
CO
OC
O O
HO
W
OH O
O T-2 Toxin
Tsuduranine
O
H N
O
O
HO
HO
OH O
O
NH2
L-Tryptophan
H
O
H2N
N H
O O
O
O
OH
N H
SO3Na
NH H
O
NH2
N N
OH
CO
Tubocurarine dichloride
OH OH
OH HO
CO
Tungsten carbonyl
Turanose
O O
O
O H N
O O
Tybamate
OH NH2
HO
NH2
HO
L-Tyrosine
Tyrosineamide
F
F
O O
HO
O
NH2
HO
L-Tyrosine, ethyl ester
F F F
F F
F
Undecafluorocyclohexane
O Undecanal
NH2
HCl
L-Tyrosine, methyl ester, hydrochloride
F
F F 1,10-Undecadiyne
O NH2
3-516
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
nD
Solubility
10728 Undecane
Hendecane
C11H24
1120-21-4
156.309
liq
-25.5
195.9
0.740220
1.416420
10729 Undecanenitrile
Decyl cyanide
C11H21N
2244-07-7
167.292
253
0.825430
1.429330
i H2O; msc EtOH, eth i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ctc
10730 1-Undecanethiol 10731 Undecanoic acid
Undecyl mercaptan
C11H24S C11H22O2
5332-52-5 112-37-8
188.374 186.292
-1.5 28.6
257.4 280
0.844820 0.890720
1.458520 1.429445
10732 1-Undecanol
Undecyl alcohol
C11H24O
112-42-5
172.308
15.9
245
0.829820
1.439220
10733 2-Undecanol 10734 2-Undecanone
sec-Undecyl alcohol Methyl nonyl ketone
C11H24O C11H22O
1653-30-1 112-12-9
172.308 170.292
0 15
229.7 231.5
0.823425 0.825020
1.435225 1.429120
10735 6-Undecanone
Butyl hexyl ketone
C11H22O
927-49-1
170.292
14.5
228
0.830820
1.427020
10736 Undecanoyl chloride 10737 10-Undecenal 10738 1-Undecene
C11H21ClO C11H20O C11H22
17746-05-3 112-45-8 821-95-4
204.737 168.276 154.293
liq
-49.2
192.7
0.750320
1.426120
10739 10740 10741 10742 10743 10744 10745
C11H22 C11H22 C11H22 C11H22 C11H22 C11H22 C11H20O2
821-96-5 693-61-8 821-98-7 693-62-9 764-96-5 764-97-6 112-38-9
154.293 154.293 154.293 154.293 154.293 154.293 184.276
liq liq liq liq liq liq cry
-66.5 -48.3 -97 -63.7 -106.5 -61.1 24.5
196.1 192.5 192.6 193 192.3 192 275
0.757620 0.752820 0.754120 0.750820 0.753720 0.749720 0.907224
1.429220 1.430220 1.428520 1.430220 1.428520 1.448624
C11H22O
112-43-6
170.292
liq
-1.0
250
0.849515
1.450020
C11H19ClO C11H25N
38460-95-6 7307-55-3
202.721 171.324
cry (eth, al)
17
12713 242
0.94420 0.797920
1.45420 1.439820
10749 Undecylbenzene 10750 1-Undecyne
C17H28 C11H20
6742-54-7 2243-98-3
232.404 152.277
liq liq
-5 -25
316 196
0.855320 0.772820
1.482820 1.430620
10751 2-Undecyne 10752 Uracil
C11H20 C4H4N2O2
60212-29-5 66-22-8
152.277 112.087
liq nd (w)
-30.1 338
204.2
0.782720
1.439120
10753 Uracil mustard 10754 Uranyl acetate dihydrate
C8H11Cl2N3O2 C4H10O8U
66-75-1 6159-44-0
252.098 424.146
C2H3N3O2 CH4N2O
3232-84-6 57-13-6
101.064 60.055
ye cry (HOAc) lf (w) tetr pr (al)
249 dec 133.3
dec
1.323020
CH5ClN2O CH5N3O4 C5H4N4O3
506-89-8 124-47-0 69-93-2
96.516 123.069 168.111
145 dec mcl lf (w) 152 dec orth pr or pl dec
dec
1.69020 1.8925
cis-2-Undecene trans-2-Undecene cis-4-Undecene trans-4-Undecene cis-5-Undecene trans-5-Undecene 10-Undecenoic acid
Undecylenic acid
10746 10-Undecen-1-ol 10747 10-Undecenoyl chloride 10748 Undecylamine
10755 Urazole 10756 Urea
1-Undecanamine
Carbamide
10757 Urea hydrochloride 10758 Urea nitrate 10759 Uric acid
liq cry (ace)
col liq
206 dec 80 dec
10760 Uridine 10761 5’-Uridylic acid 10762 Urocanic acid
1-β-D-Ribofuranosyluracil Uridine 5’-phosphoric acid Imidazole-4-acrylic acid
C9H12N2O6 C9H13N2O9P C6H6N2O2
58-96-8 58-97-9 104-98-3
244.200 324.180 138.124
nd (aq al) pr (MeOH)
165 202 dec 227
10763 Urs-12-en-3-ol, (3β)
α-Amyrin
C30H50O
638-95-9
426.717
nd (al)
186
D-Glucose, 6-benzoate
C30H48O3 C35H54O14 C13H16O7
77-52-1 20231-81-6 14200-76-1
456.700 698.796 284.262
C20H35NO13 C5H11NO2 C54H90N6O18 C16H13ClN2O C8H18NO4PS2 C6O6V C15H21O6V
37248-47-8 72-18-4 2001-95-8 439-14-5 2275-23-2 14024-00-1 13476-99-8
10764 Ursolic acid 10765 Uzarin 10766 Vacciniin 10767 10768 10769 10770 10771 10772 10773
Validamycin A L-Valine Valinomycin Valium Vamidothion Vanadium carbonyl Vanadium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate
2-Aminoisovaleric acid
Vanadium hexacarbonyl Vanadium(III) acetylacetonate
pl (al) pr amor (aq ace, +1w) 497.491 amorp pow 117.147 lf (w-al) 1111.322 cry 284.739 287.337 oil 219.002 bl-grn cry 348.266 brn cry
284 269 122 95 dec 315 187 132
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, eth sl ctc sl ctc i H2O; s eth, chl, lig
vs eth, chl, lig i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc i H2O; s EtOH, eth; sl ctc s H2O, EtOH; i eth; sl ctc vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth; s dil NH3 sl H2O sl EtOH
2.89
2430.5
i H2O; vs EtOH, ace; s eth; msc bz i H2O; s EtOH; vs eth
1.484
vs H2O, EtOH; i eth, bz; s HOAc, py s H2O vs EtOH i H2O, EtOH, eth; s alk, glycerol; sl acid s H2O, EtOH, py vs H2O; s MeOH s H2O, ace; i EtOH, eth s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, HOAc; sl peth vs ace, eth, chl vs H2O, ace, EtOH, eth
sub
1.2325
s H2O
i peth; s os dec 60 ≈185
sub sub
≈1.0
s MeOH, ace, bz, chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-517 O N
Undecane
OH
SH
Undecanenitrile
1-Undecanethiol
OH
Undecanoic acid
O
O
O
OH
Cl
1-Undecanol
2-Undecanol
2-Undecanone
6-Undecanone
Undecanoyl chloride
O 10-Undecenal
1-Undecene
cis-2-Undecene
trans-2-Undecene
cis-4-Undecene
O OH
OH trans-4-Undecene
cis-5-Undecene
trans-5-Undecene
10-Undecenoic acid
10-Undecen-1-ol
O NH2
Cl 10-Undecenoyl chloride
Undecylamine
O
Cl NH
N H 2-Undecyne
Undecylbenzene
O NH
O
N H
Uracil
H
O
N
Cl
O
Uracil mustard
2H2O
O
HN
O H2N
O
NH2 HNO3
HO
H N
O
Urazole
N
O H2N
NH2 Urea
NH2 HCl
Urea hydrochloride
O
O
OH OH
Uric acid
O H2N
HN O HO P O OH
N
O
Urea nitrate
N H
O
O
N H
N H
N H
O
O
O
O
Uranyl acetate dihydrate
HN O
O
N
O U O
O
1-Undecyne
OH
N H
OH OH
Uridine
H
N
5’-Uridylic acid
HO Urs-12-en-3-ol, (3β)
Urocanic acid
O O
HO HO
OH O O
HO HO
OH
H
OH
H
OH
HO
O
O
HO OH
Ursolic acid
O
Uzarin
H N
O
O
O HO
HO
OH
HO
OH
O
O
OH
HO
OH NH OH
O
O
OH
OH
OH OH
OH
Vacciniin
NH2
OH
Validamycin A
L-Valine
O O
O
O
O
NH O
HN O
O O
O NH
O
O
N
O O
HN O O
O O
N H
Valinomycin
O
O P O S O
O Valium
OC
O S Vamidothion
CO V
N H
OC
O V
CO
N
Cl
CO
O
O O
CO Vanadium carbonyl
Vanadium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate
3-518
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
10774 DL-Vasicine
DL-Peganine
C11H12N2O
6159-56-4
188.225
nd (al)
210.8
10775 L-Vasicine
L-Peganine
C11H12N2O
6159-55-3
188.225
nd (al)
211.5
10776 Verapamil
C27H38N2O4
52-53-9
454.602
ye oil
10777 Veratramine
C27H39NO2
60-70-8
409.605
nd
206
10778 Veratramine, 3-glucoside
C33H49NO7
475-00-3
571.745
242 dec
10779 Veratridine
C36H51NO11
71-62-5
673.790
nd (aq. MeOH) ye amorp pow
10780 d-Verbenone
C10H14O
18309-32-5
150.217
C10H21NOS
1929-77-7
203.345
C18H26O C15H22O C15H22O C10H16N4O7
88-29-9 15764-04-2 18444-79-6 152-93-2
258.398 218.335 218.335 304.257
cry cry (peth) cry (peth) nd (w, dil al, +1 w)
46.5 51.5 44.5 240 dec
5536-17-4 865-21-4
285.257 810.975
nd (w) nd (MeOH)
257 216
C21H26N2O3 C12H9Cl2NO3 C46H56N4O10 C4H6O2
1617-90-9 50471-44-8 57-22-7 108-05-4
354.442 286.110 824.958 86.090
1310.05
1.51
liq
231.5 108 219 -93.2
72.8
0.925625
1.392625
C8H9N C9H10O
1520-21-4 4393-06-0
119.164 134.174
23.5
1169
1.01020 1.024921
1.625022 1.540620
C6H10O2 C6H8O2 C14H11N
123-20-6 3234-54-6 1484-13-5
114.142 112.127 193.244
116.7; 64130
0.900620
C8H14 C8H12
695-12-5 2622-21-1
110.197 108.181
10781 Vernolate 10782 10783 10784 10785
Versalide α-Vetivone β-Vetivone Vicine
10786 Vidarabine 10787 Vinblastine 10788 10789 10790 10791
Carbamothioic acid, dipropyl-, S-propyl ester Isonootkatone
2,6-Diamino-5-(β-Dglucopyranosyloxy)-4(1H)pyrimidinone β-D-9-Arabinofuranosyladenine C10H15N5O5 C46H58N4O9
Vincamine Vinclozolin Vincristine Vinyl acetate
10792 4-Vinylaniline 10793 α-Vinylbenzenemethanol 10794 Vinyl butanoate 10795 Vinyl trans-2-butenoate 10796 9-Vinyl-9H-carbazole 10797 Vinylcyclohexane 10798 1-Vinylcyclohexene
1-Phenylallyl alcohol
Vinyl crotonate
den/ g cm-3
2450.01
227.5
0.997820
15030
0.95220
1302 1442 1412
1.003520 1.000120
128 145
0.816619 0.862315
1.45519 1.491520
20
20
liq
-108.9
128
0.8299
10800 10801 10802 10803
C7H12 C7H16O2Si C6H14OSi C8H7F
3742-34-5 5507-44-8 5356-83-2 405-99-2
96.170 160.287 130.260 122.140
liq
-126.5
97 133 99 67.450, 304
0.783420 0.862020 0.79020 1.022020
72.063 94.111 134.174
10807 1-Vinyl-3-methoxybenzene
C9H10O
626-20-0
134.174
10808 1-Vinyl-4-methoxybenzene
C9H10O
637-69-4
134.174
10809 6-Vinyl-6-methyl-1-isopropyl-3(1-methylethylidene) cyclohexene, (S) 10810 1-Vinylnaphthalene 10811 2-Vinylnaphthalene
C15H24
5951-67-7
204.352
C12H10 C12H10
826-74-4 827-54-3
154.207 154.207
10812 1-Vinyl-3-nitrobenzene
C8H7NO2
586-39-0
149.148
10813 1-Vinyl-4-nitrobenzene
C8H7NO2
100-13-0
149.148
3048-64-4 111-63-7 106-86-5
120.191 310.515 124.180
10814 2-Vinyl-5-norbornene 10815 Vinyl octadecanoate 10816 3-Vinyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] heptane
5-Vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene C9H12 Vinyl stearate C20H38O2 C8H12O
visc liq liq nd
-78 -94 29
20
1.4639
1.436020 1.400120 1.398320 1.515020
sl H2O; msc EtOH; s eth, ace, bz, chl s ace, bz sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl
i H2O; s eth, bz; vs MeOH i H2O; s eth, bz, peth
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz
20
46 99.5 197; 8312
0.965 0.944519 1.004917
1.3842 1.499219 1.538820
9115, 705
0.991920
1.558623
205; 9113
1.000113
1.564213
1258
0.878220
1.513026
12415 13518, 952
1.065620
1.64420
66 -10
12011
1.155232
1.583620
pr (lig)
29
dec
liq
-80 29 <-100
139 1672 169; 7020
0.841 0.851720 0.958120
1.481020
2.0
s EtOH vs ace s ace sl H2O, EtOH; vs acid, alk
s ctc i H2O; sl EtOH; vs eth
108.181
692-45-5 1487-18-9 612-15-7
1.537020 1.530920
s H2O, EtOH, ace, bz
i H2O; s EtOH, ace, chl, AcOEt
100-40-3
C3H4O2 C6H6O C9H10O
1.499318
66
-34.5
sl H2O, eth, bz; s EtOH, ace, chl sl H2O, eth, bz; s EtOH, ace, chl i H2O; vs EtOH, ace; sl bz, hx s EtOH, bz, chl, dil acid; i dil alk
i H2O; sl eth
C8H12
10804 Vinyl formate 10805 2-Vinylfuran 10806 1-Vinyl-2-methoxybenzene
Solubility
1.544825
10799 4-Vinylcyclohexene Vinylcyclopentane Vinyldiethoxymethylsilane Vinylethoxydimethylsilane 1-Vinyl-4-fluorobenzene
nD
180 9.8
cry (al)
bp/˚C
vs ace, bz, eth, EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz; sl ctc vs ace, bz
i H2O; s EtOH, ace, bz i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl, lig, HOAc vs EtOH, eth; s chl, HOAc, lig sl chl
1.470020
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-519 H H N
N N
H
N
N
O
N
OH DL-Vasicine
N
O
O
OH
O
L-Vasicine
HO
H HO
Verapamil
Veratramine
H N
H H N
OH
H
H
HO
H
HO
O
O
O
O
H
O
OH
OH
O
H OH
O
HO
OH OH OH
H
S
O
OH
Veratridine
H2N
N
HO
O O
d-Verbenone
NH2
NH2
N
N
O
Veratramine, 3-glucoside
O
OH O OH
HO
N H O
N
N
Vernolate
O HO
OH H O
α-Vetivone
β-Vetivone
O
N
OH
Vicine
Vidarabine
N
H HO O
H
O
H
HO OH
Versalide
N N
N
O
N O O
HO O
Vinblastine
N
O
Vincamine
N Cl
N H O Cl
O
OH O
NH2 O
H O
N
N
O
O
Vinclozolin
Vincristine
O
N
H
H HO O
O O
OH O
O O
O
Vinyl acetate
4-Vinylaniline
N O 9-Vinyl-9H-carbazole
Vinylcyclohexane
1-Vinylcyclohexene
4-Vinylcyclohexene
Vinylcyclopentane
O
Si
α-Vinylbenzenemethanol
Si O
O
Vinyldiethoxymethylsilane
O
Vinyl butanoate
Vinyl trans-2-butenoate
O
F
Vinylethoxydimethylsilane
1-Vinyl-4-fluorobenzene
O
Vinyl formate
O O
O
O
2-Vinylfuran
1-Vinyl-2-methoxybenzene
1-Vinyl-3-methoxybenzene
1-Vinyl-4-methoxybenzene
6-Vinyl-6-methyl-1-isopropyl-3-(1-methylethylidene)cyclohexene, (S)
1-Vinylnaphthalene
O N O 2-Vinylnaphthalene
O
1-Vinyl-3-nitrobenzene
O
N
O O
1-Vinyl-4-nitrobenzene
2-Vinyl-5-norbornene
Vinyl octadecanoate
O 3-Vinyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
3-520
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
C4H6O Ethylene glycol monovinyl ether C4H8O2
930-22-3 764-48-7
nD
Solubility
70.090 88.106
68 141.6
0.900625 0.982120
1.416820 1.456417
s EtOH, eth, bz s H2O, EtOH, eth, bz; i lig
C5H8O2 C7H7N
105-38-4 100-69-6
100.117 105.138
91.2 159.5
0.998320
1.549520
C7H7N
1121-55-7
105.138
162
0.987920
1.553020
10822 4-Vinylpyridine
C7H7N
100-43-6
105.138
121150, 7933
0.987920
1.544920
sl H2O; vs EtOH, eth, ace, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, chl; sl eth
10821 3-Vinylpyridine
10823 10824 10825 10826 10827 10828 10829
C6H9NO C2H6Si C4H6OS C8H12O6Si C8H18O3Si C5H12Si C40H56O4
88-12-0 7291-09-0 1115-15-7 4130-08-9 78-08-0 754-05-2 126-29-4
111.141 58.155 102.155 232.263 190.313 100.235 600.871
193400, 9311 -22.8 8618 11510 160; 6220 55
1.0420
10830 Viquidil
C20H24N2O2
84-55-9
324.417
red pr 208 (MeOH, aleth) red ye amor 60
10831 Visnadine
C21H24O7
477-32-7
388.412
nd
85.5
C13H10O4
82-57-5
230.216
nd (w, MeOH)
144.5
C63H88CoN14 O14P C28H44O
68-19-9
1355.365
50-14-6
396.648
C27H44O
67-97-0
384.637
C29H50O2
59-02-9
430.706
No. Name
Synonym
10817 Vinyloxirane 10818 2-(Vinyloxy)ethanol 10819 Vinyl propanoate 10820 2-Vinylpyridine
Vinyl propionate
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone Vinylsilane Vinyl sulfoxide Vinyltriacetoxysilane Vinyltriethoxysilane Vinyltrimethylsilane Violaxanthin
10832 Visnagin
10833 Vitamin B12
Vinylsilanetriol, triacetate
4-Methoxy-7-methyl-5 Hfuro[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5one Cyanocobalamin
10834 Vitamin D2 10835 Vitamin D3 10836 Vitamin E
9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)trien-3-ol, (3β,5Z,7E)α-Tocopherol
Mol. Form.
Physical Form
mp/˚C
red to dk-br
col gas liq
13.5 -171.6
1.16920 0.90120 0.6520
1.422620 1.396025 1.391420
vs eth, EtOH, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O, EtOH; vs chl
>300 pr (ace)
116.5
sub
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, chl i H2O; s os
84.5 pale ye oil
3.0
2100.1 0.01
10837 Vitamin E acetate
C31H52O3
58-95-7
472.743
-27.5
184
10838 Vitamin K1
C31H46O2
84-80-0
450.696
-20
1420.001
0.95025 0.9533
21
0.96425
1.504525 1.497
20
1.525025
10839 Vomicine
4-Hydroxy-19-methyl-16,19secostrychnidine-10,16-dione
C22H24N2O4
125-15-5
380.437
nd (80% al) 282 pr (ace)
10840 Warfarin
Coumadin
C19H16O4
81-81-2
308.328
cry (al)
161
10841 9H-Xanthene
10H-9-Oxaanthracene
C13H10O
92-83-1
182.217
ye lf (al)
100.5
10842 9H-Xanthen-9-ol
C13H10O2
90-46-0
198.217
nd (aq al)
125
10843 Xanthine 10844 Xanthone
C5H4N4O2 C13H8O2
69-89-6 90-47-1
152.112 196.202
ye pl (w) nd (al)
dec 174
10845 Xanthopterin
C6H5N5O2
119-44-8
179.137
10846 Xanthosine
C10H12N4O6
146-80-5
284.225
hyg ye amor >410 dec or oran pow (HOAc) pr cry (w)
10847 Xanthoxyletin
C15H14O4
84-99-1
258.270
pr (MeOH, peth)
133
553-19-5
228.243
pr (MeOH)
131.5
1420.1
92-95-5 81584-06-7 95-47-6
195.216 251.366 106.165
nd cry liq
56 57 -25.2
dec 283 1350.7 144.5
0.875525
1.501825
311
sub 351; 1463
9918
1.55925
10849 p-Xenylcarbimide 10850 Xibenolol 10851 o-Xylene
8,8-Dimethyl-2H,8H-benzo[1,2- C14H12O3 b:5,4-b’]dipyran-2-one 4-Isocyanato-1,1’-biphenyl C13H9NO C15H25NO2 1,2-Dimethylbenzene C8H10
10852 m-Xylene
1,3-Dimethylbenzene
C8H10
108-38-3
106.165
liq
-47.8
139.07
0.859825
1.494425
10853 p-Xylene
1,4-Dimethylbenzene
C8H10
106-42-3
106.165
mcl pr (al)
13.25
138.23
0.856525
1.492925
10848 Xanthyletin
s chl i H2O s EtOH, eth, CS2; i peth
i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, chl i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth, ace, chl i H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, chl sl EtOH, eth, ace; vs chl; s AcOEt i H2O; s EtOH, ace, diox i H2O; sl EtOH, ctc; s eth, bz, chl sl H2O; s EtOH, eth, chl i H2O i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, chl; sl peth i H2O; sl EtOH, eth; vs acid, alk sl cold H2O; vs hot H2O; dec acid i H2O; s EtOH, ace; sl eth; vs bz, alk s EtOH, peth vs eth s EtOH i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz, peth, ctc i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s chl i H2O; msc EtOH, eth, ace, bz; s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-521
O O
OH
O
Vinyloxirane
2-(Vinyloxy)ethanol
O
N O
N
Vinyl propanoate
2-Vinylpyridine
O
3-Vinylpyridine
4-Vinylpyridine
Si H H
H
N
N
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
O S
Vinylsilane
Vinyl sulfoxide
OH
O Si O O O
O
Si O O
O
O
Si
HO
O Vinyltriacetoxysilane
Vinyltriethoxysilane
Vinyltrimethylsilane
Violaxanthin
H2N
O H 2N
O O
O
NH2
NR N Co
H2N H
H2N
N
N
O O NH
O
O
O
H
O
O
O Viquidil
H
N HO
O O
O
N
O
NH2 N
NH O P O O O
O
O
Visnadine
O
R = CN
O
O
HO
Visnagin
Vitamin B12
HO O
HO
HO Vitamin D2
Vitamin D3
Vitamin E
O
N
O H
O
N
O
O
OH O
O Vitamin E acetate
Vitamin K1
H
H HO
Vomicine
O N
HN OH
O
O
OH
H N
HN O
O
Warfarin
O
O
9H-Xanthene
9H-Xanthen-9-ol
O
N
O
Xanthine
Xanthone
OH
O
O
O
O Xanthyletin
O
N H
N O
NH N
NH2
Xanthopterin
O
Xanthoxyletin
H N
O
O HO
O
N
N H
O
O
O
OH OH Xanthosine
H N
N C O p-Xenylcarbimide
Xibenolol
o-Xylene
m-Xylene
p-Xylene
3-522
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
No. Name
Synonym
Mol. Form.
CAS RN
Mol. Wt.
Physical Form
10854 2,3-Xylenol
2,3-Dimethylphenol
C8H10O
526-75-0
122.164
nd (w, dil al) 72.5
216.9
10855 2,4-Xylenol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
C8H10O
105-67-9
122.164
nd (w)
24.5
210.98
10856 2,5-Xylenol
2,5-Dimethylphenol
C8H10O
95-87-4
122.164
74.8
211.1
10857 2,6-Xylenol
2,6-Dimethylphenol
C8H10O
576-26-1
122.164
nd (w), pr (al-eth) lf or nd (al)
45.8
201.07
10858 3,4-Xylenol
3,4-Dimethylphenol
C8H10O
95-65-8
122.164
65.1
227
0.983020
10859 3,5-Xylenol 10860 Xylenol orange 10861 Xylitol
3,5-Dimethylphenol
108-68-9 1611-35-4 87-99-0
122.164 672.656 152.146
nd (w, peth) 63.4 dk red cry 286 dec mcl (al) 93.5
221.74
0.968020
Xylite
C8H10O C31H32N2O13S C5H12O5
10862 6-O-β-D-Xylopyranosyl-Dglucose 10863 D-Xylose
Primeverose
C11H20O10
26531-85-1
312.271
cry (MeOH)
210
C5H10O5
58-86-6
150.130
mcl nd
90.5
10864 D-Xylulose 10865 L-Xylulose 10866 3,5-Xylyl methylcarbamate
D-threo-2-Pentulose L-threo-2-Pentulose 3,5-Dimethylphenyl methylcarbamate
C5H10O5 C5H10O5 C10H13NO2
551-84-8 527-50-4 2655-14-3
150.130 150.130 179.216
visc liq syrup cry
99
C21H26N2O3
146-48-5
354.442
nd (dil al)
241
C21H27ClN2O3
65-19-0
390.903
C18H22O5
17924-92-4
318.365
orth nd or pl 302 (w, dil HCl) cry 164
C10H13N5O4 C14H10O4Zn C18H36N2S4Zn C4H6N2S4Zn
30516-87-1 553-72-0 136-23-2 12122-67-7
267.242 307.636 474.161 275.773
C12H22O14Zn C10H14O4Zn C6H10O4Zn C6H12N2S4Zn
4468-02-4 14024-63-6 557-28-8 137-30-4
455.704 263.625 211.550 305.841
10867 Yohimbine 10868 Yohimbine hydrochloride
Tosanpin
10869 Zearalenone 10870 10871 10872 10873 10874 10875 10876 10877
Zidovudine Zinc benzoate Zinc bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate) Zinc N,N’ethylenebisdithiocarbamate Zinc gluconate Zinc 2,4-pentanedioate Zinc propanoate Ziram
3’-Azido-3’-deoxythymidine
Zineb
Zinc acetylacetonate Zinc, bis(dimethylcarbamodithioatoS,S’)-, (T-4)-
mp/˚C
cry (w)
121
cry
138 157 dec
bp/˚C
den/ g cm-3
0.965020
216
1.52520
sub 160
nD
Solubility
1.542020
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O; msc EtOH, eth; s ctc s H2O, EtOH; vs eth; sl chl s H2O, EtOH, eth, ctc sl H2O; s EtOH, ctc; msc eth s H2O, EtOH, ctc s H2O vs H2O, py, EtOH vs H2O, MeOH
1.542014
vs H2O; s EtOH; sl eth s H2O vs H2O sl H2O; s os sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, eth, chl vs H2O i H2O; s alk, bz, EtOH, eth sl H2O
pow hyg pl or nd cry 250
1.6625
s DMSO sl EtOH i H2O; sl bz; s chl
Physical Constants of Organic Compounds
3-523 O
OH
HO
OH
OH
OH
OH
2,4-Xylenol
2,5-Xylenol
OH
2,6-Xylenol
O O OH
H HO H
O
HO
OH
OH
OH HO OH 6-O-β-D-Xylopyranosyl-D-glucose
3,4-Xylenol
CHO OH H OH CH2OH
SO3H
OH
H HO H
HO
O
Xylenol orange
CH2OH O H OH HO H CH2OH
D-Xylulose
CH2OH OH H OH CH2OH
OH N
3,5-Xylenol
CH2OH O HO H H OH CH2OH
D-Xylose
O
N O
2,3-Xylenol
O HO
Xylitol
O O
N
N H H N H
O
H H O
L-Xylulose
3,5-Xylyl methylcarbamate
OH
Yohimbine
O HN N
N H H HCl
O
HO
H
OH O
H O
O
N
O
OH
S
S Zn S
N3
O Zearalenone
NH
S
Zinc N,N’-ethylenebisdithiocarbamate
S
COO OH H OH OH CH2OH
S
2
Zidovudine
S Zn
N
HO
H HO H H
2
Zn
O
O
Yohimbine hydrochloride
HN
O
Zinc benzoate
N S
Zinc bis(dibutyldithiocarbamate)
2
Zn
O
O Zn
2
Zinc gluconate
O
O
Zinc 2,4-pentanedioate
O
O O
Zn
O
Zinc propanoate
S
S Zn
N S
N S
Ziram
DIAMAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS When a material is placed in a magnetic field H, a magnetization M is induced in the material which is related to H by M = κH, where κ is called the volume susceptibility. Since H and M have the same dimensions, κ is dimensionless. A more useful parameter is the molar susceptibility χm, defined by χm = κVm = κ M/ρ where Vm is the molar volume of the substance, M the molar mass, and ρ the mass density. When the cgs system is used, the customary unit for χm is cm3 mol-1; the corresponding SI unit is m3 mol-1. Substances with no unpaired electrons are called diamagnetic; they have negative values of χm. This table gives values of the diamagnetic susceptibility for about 400 common organic compounds. All values refer to room temperature and atmospheric pressure and to the physical form
that is stable under these conditions. Substances are arranged by molecular formula in Hill order. A more extensive table may be found in Reference 1. In keeping with customary practice, the molar susceptibility is given here in units appropriate to the cgs system. These values should be multiplied by 4π to obtain values for use in SI equations (where the magnetic field strength H has units of A m-1).
References 1. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/16, Diamagnetic Susceptibility, Gupta, R. R., Ed., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986. 2. Barter, C., Meisenheimer, R. G., and Stevenson, D. P., J. Phys. Chem. 64, 1312, 1960. 3. Broersma, S., J. Chem. Phys. 17, 873, 1949. Molecular formula
Compound
73.2
CN4O8
Tetranitromethane
43.0
Tetrabromomethane
93.7
C2ClF3
Chlorotrifluoroethylene
49.1
Chlorotrifluoromethane
45.3
C2Cl4
Tetrachloroethylene
81.6
Molecular formula
Compound
CBrCl3
Bromotrichloromethane
CBr4 CClF3
-χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
-χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
CClN
Cyanogen chloride
32.4
C2Cl6
Hexachloroethane
112.8
CCl2F2
Dichlorodifluoromethane
52.2
C2HCl3
Trichloroethylene
65.8
CCl2O
Carbonyl chloride
47.9
C2HCl3O
Trichloroacetaldehyde
73.0
CCl3F
Trichlorofluoromethane
58.7
C2HCl3O
Dichloroacetyl chloride
69.0
CCl3NO2
Trichloronitromethane
75.3
C2HCl3O2
Trichloroacetic acid
73.0
CCl4
Tetrachloromethane
66.8
C2HCl5
Pentachloroethane
99.1
CHBrCl2
Bromodichloromethane
66.3
C2HF3O2
Trifluoroacetic acid
43.3
CHBr3
Tribromomethane
82.6
C2H2
Acetylene
20.8
CHCl3
Trichloromethane
58.9
C2H2Br4
1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane
123.4
CHI3
Triiodomethane
117.1
C2H2Cl2
1,1-Dichloroethylene
49.2
CH2BrCl
Bromochloromethane
55.1
C2H2Cl2
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
51.0
CH2Br2
Dibromomethane
65.1
C2H2Cl2
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene
48.9
CH2Cl2
Dichloromethane
46.6
C2H2Cl4
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
89.8
CH2I2
Diiodomethane
93.1
C2H3Cl
Chloroethylene
35.9
CH2N2
Cyanamide
24.8
C2H3ClO
Acetyl chloride
39.3
CH2O
Formaldehyde
18.6
C2H3N
Acetonitrile
27.8
CH2O2
Formic acid
19.9
C2H4
Ethylene
18.8
CH3Br
Bromomethane
42.8
C2H4Br2
1,2-Dibromoethane
78.9
CH3Cl
Chloromethane
32.0
C2H4Cl2
1,1-Dichloroethane
57.4
CH3F
Fluoromethane
17.8
C2H4Cl2
1,2-Dichloroethane
59.6
CH3I
Iodomethane
57.2
C2H4O
Acetaldehyde
22.2
CH3NO
Formamide
23.0
C2H4O
Ethylene oxide
30.5
CH3NO2
Nitromethane
21.0
C2H4O2
Acetic acid
31.8
CH4
Methane
17.4
C2H4O2
Methyl formate
31.1
CH4N2O
Urea
33.5
C2H5Br
Bromoethane
78.8
CH4O
Methanol
21.4
C2H5Cl
Chloroethane
69.9
CH5N
Methylamine
27.0
C2H5I
Iodoethane
69.1
CI4
Tetraiodomethane
136
C2H5NO
Acetamide
33.9
3-672
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Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds Molecular formula
Compound
-Ď&#x2021;m/10-6 cm3 mol-1
C2H5NO2
Nitroethane
C2H5NO2 C2H6 C2H6O
3-673
Molecular formula
Compound
35.4
C4H6
1,2-Butadiene
35.6
Glycine
39.6
C4H6
1,3-Butadiene
32.1
Ethane
26.8
C4H6O2
Vinyl acetate
46.4
Ethanol
33.7
C4H6O3
Acetic anhydride
52.8
-Ď&#x2021;m/10-6 cm3 mol-1
C2H6O
Dimethyl ether
26.3
C4H6O4
Succinic acid
58.0
C2H6O2
Ethylene glycol
38.9
C4H6O4
Dimethyl oxalate
55.7
C2H6S
Ethanethiol
47.0
C4H7N
Butanenitrile
50.4
C2H6S
Dimethyl sulfide
44.9
C4H8
1-Butene
41.0
C2H8N2
1,2-Ethanediamine
46.5
C4H8
cis-2-Butene
42.6
C2N2
Cyanogen
21.6
C4H8
trans-2-Butene
43.3
C3H4
Allene
25.3
C4H8
Isobutene
40.8
C3H4O2
Vinyl formate
34.7
C4H8
Cyclobutane
40.0
C3H5Br
3-Bromopropene
58.6
C4H8O
Ethyl vinyl ether
47.9
C3H5Cl
2-Chloropropene
47.8
C4H8O
1,2-Epoxybutane
54.8
C3H5Cl
3-Chloropropene
47.8
C4H8O
Butanal
45.9
C3H5N
Propanenitrile
38.6
C4H8O
2-Butanone
45.6
C3H6
Propene
30.7
C4H8O2
Butanoic acid
55.2
C3H6
Cyclopropane
39.2
C4H8O2
2-Methylpropanoic acid
56.1
C3H6O
Allyl alcohol
36.7
C4H8O2
Propyl formate
55.0
C3H6O
Propanal
34.2
C4H8O2
Ethyl acetate
54.1
C3H6O
Acetone
33.8
C4H8O2
Methyl propanoate
54.5
C3H6O
Methyloxirane
42.5
C4H8O2
1,4-Dioxane
52.2
C3H6O2
Propanoic acid
43.2
C4H9Br
1-Bromobutane
77.1
C3H6O2
Ethyl formate
42.4
C4H9Br
1-Bromo-2-methylpropane
79.9
C3H7Br
1-Bromopropane
65.6
C4H9Cl
1-Chlorobutane
67.1
C3H7Br
2-Bromopropane
65.1
C4H9Cl
2-Chlorobutane
67.4
C3H7Cl
1-Chloropropane
56.0
C4H9I
1-Iodobutane
93.6
C3H7I
1-Iodopropane
84.3
C4H9N
Pyrrolidine
54.8
C3H7N
Allylamine
40.1
C4H9NO
Morpholine
55.0
C3H7NO2
1-Nitropropane
45.0
C4H10
Butane
50.3
C3H7NO2
2-Nitropropane
45.4
C4H10
Isobutane
50.5
C3H7NO2
Ethyl carbamate
57.0
C4H10O
1-Butanol
56.4
C3H8
Propane
38.6
C4H10O
2-Butanol
57.6
C3H8O
1-Propanol
44.8
C4H10O
2-Methyl-1-propanol
57.6
C3H8O
2-Propanol
45.7
C4H10O
2-Methyl-2-propanol
56.6
C3H8O2
1,3-Propylene glycol
50.2
C4H10O
Diethyl ether
55.5
C3H8O2
Dimethoxymethane
47.3
C4H10O2
1,3-Butanediol
61.8
C3H8O3
Glycerol
57.1
C4H10O2
1,4-Butanediol
61.8
C4H2O3
Maleic anhydride
35.8
C4H10S
1-Butanethiol
70.2
C4H4N2
Pyrazine
37.8
C4H11N
Butylamine
58.9
C4H4N2
Pyrimidine
43.1
C4H11N
Isobutylamine
59.8
C4H4O
Furan
43.1
C4H11N
Diethylamine
56.8
C4H4O3
Succinic anhydride
47.5
C5H4O2
Furfural
47.2
C4H4O4
Maleic acid
49.6
C5H5N
Pyridine
48.7
C4H4O4
Fumaric acid
49.1
C5H6O2
Furfuryl alcohol
61.0
C4H4S
Thiophene
57.3
C5H7NO2
Ethyl cyanoacetate
67.3
C4H5N
Pyrrole
48.6
C5H8
2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene
46.0
S03_06.indd 673
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Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds
3-674 Molecular formula
Compound
C5H8O
Cyclopentanone
Molecular formula
Compound
51.6
C6H6ClN
o-Chloroaniline
79.5 76.6
-Ď&#x2021;m/10-6 cm3 mol-1
-Ď&#x2021;m/10-6 cm3 mol-1
C5H8O2
Methyl methacrylate
57.3
C6H6ClN
m-Chloroaniline
C5H8O2
2,4-Pentanedione
54.9
C6H6ClN
p-Chloroaniline
76.7
C5H10
1-Pentene
54.6
C6H6N2O2
o-Nitroaniline
67.4
C5H10
2-Methyl-2-butene
54.7
C6H6N2O2
m-Nitroaniline
69.7
C5H10
Cyclopentane
56.2
C6H6N2O2
p-Nitroaniline
68.0
C5H10O
Cyclopentanol
64.0
C6H6O
Phenol
60.6
C5H10O
Pentanal
57.5
C6H6O2
p-Hydroquinone
64.7
C5H10O
2-Pentanone
57.5
C6H6O2
Pyrocatechol
68.2
C5H10O
3-Pentanone
57.7
C6H6O2
Resorcinol
67.2
C5H10O2
Pentanoic acid
66.5
C6H7N
Aniline
62.4
C5H10O2
3-Methylbutanoic acid
67.7
C6H7N
4-Methylpyridine
59.8
C5H10O2
Butyl formate
65.8
C6H8
1,4-Cyclohexadiene
48.7
C5H10O2
Isobutyl formate
66.8
C6H8N2
o-Phenylenediamine
72.5
C5H10O2
Propyl acetate
65.9
C6H8N2
m-Phenylenediamine
70.4
C5H10O2
Isopropyl acetate
67.0
C6H8N2
p-Phenylenediamine
70.7
C5H10O2
Ethyl propanoate
66.3
C6H10
1,5-Hexadiene
55.1
C5H10O2
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
69.4
C6H10
1-Hexyne
64.5
C5H10O3
Diethyl carbonate
75.4
C6H10
Cyclohexene
58.0
C5H11N
Piperidine
64.2
C6H10O
Cyclohexanone
62.0
C5H12
Pentane
61.5
C6H10O3
Ethyl acetoacetate
71.7
C5H12
Isopentane
63.0
C6H10O4
Diethyl oxalate
81.7
C5H12
Neopentane
63.0
C6H12
1-Hexene
66.4
C5H12O
1-Pentanol
67.0
C6H12
2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene
65.9
C5H12O
2-Pentanol
69.1
C6H12
Cyclohexane
68
C5H12O2
1,5-Pentanediol
73.5
C6H12
Methylcyclopentane
70.2
C5H13N
Pentylamine
69.3
C6H12O
Hexanal
69.4
C6Cl6
Hexachlorobenzene
147.0
C6H12O
2-Hexanone
69.2
C6H4ClNO2
1-Chloro-2-nitrobenzene
75.5
C6H12O
3-Hexanone
69.0
C6H4ClNO2
1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene
77.2
C6H12O
4-Methyl-2-pentanone
69.7
C6H4ClNO2
1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
74.7
C6H12O
Cyclohexanol
73.4
C6H4Cl2
o-Dichlorobenzene
84.4
C6H12O2
Hexanoic acid
78.1
C6H4Cl2
m-Dichlorobenzene
84.1
C6H12O2
Isopentyl formate
78.4
C6H4Cl2
p-Dichlorobenzene
81.7
C6H12O2
Isobutyl acetate
78.7
C6H4O2
p-Benzoquinone
36
C6H12O2
Propyl propanoate
77.7
C6H5Br
Bromobenzene
78.4
C6H12O3
Paraldehyde
86.1
C6H5Cl
Chlorobenzene
69.5
C6H14
Hexane
74.1
C6H5ClO
o-Chlorophenol
77.3
C6H14
2-Methylpentane
75.3
C6H5ClO
m-Chlorophenol
77.6
C6H14
3-Methylpentane
75.5
C6H5ClO
p-Chlorophenol
77.7
C6H14
2,2-Dimethylbutane
76.2
C6H5F
Fluorobenzene
58.4
C6H14
2,3-Dimethylbutane
76.2
C6H5I
Iodobenzene
92.0
C6H14O
1-Hexanol
79.5
C6H5NO2
Nitrobenzene
61.9
C6H14O
4-Methyl-2-pentanol
80.4
C6H5NO3
o-Nitrophenol
68.9
C6H14O
Dipropyl ether
79.4
C6H5NO3
m-Nitrophenol
65.9
C6H14O2
1,6-Hexanediol
84.3
C6H5NO3
p-Nitrophenol
66.9
C6H14O2
1,1-Diethoxyethane
81.4
C6H6
Benzene
54.8
C6H14O6
D-Glucitol
107.8
S03_06.indd 674
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Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds Molecular formula
Compound
C6H15N
Triethylamine
83.3
C7H5N
Benzonitrile
C7H6O
Benzaldehyde
C7H6O2
Salicylaldehyde
C7H6O3
Salicylic acid
C7H7Br
p-Bromotoluene
C7H7Cl
o-Chlorotoluene
C7H7Cl
m-Chlorotoluene
C7H7Cl C7H7Cl
3-675
Molecular formula
Compound
C7H16
3,3-Dimethylpentane
89.5
65.2
C7H16O
1-Heptanol
91.7
60.7
C7H16O
4-Heptanol
92.1
66.8
C8H4O3
Phthalic anhydride
66.7
75
C8H6O4
Phthalic acid
83.6
88.7
C8H6O4
Isophthalic acid
84.6
82.4
C8H6O4
Terephthalic acid
83.5
79.7
C8H7N
Benzeneacetonitrile
76.9
p-Chlorotoluene
80.3
C8H7N
Indole
85.0
(Chloromethyl)benzene
81.6
C8H8
Styrene
68.2
-Ď&#x2021;m/10-6 cm3 mol-1
-Ď&#x2021;m/10-6 cm3 mol-1
C7H7NO
Benzamide
72.0
C8H8O
Acetophenone
72.5
C7H7NO2
o-Nitrotoluene
72.2
C8H8O2
o-Toluic acid
84.3
C7H7NO2
m-Nitrotoluene
72.7
C8H8O2
m-Toluic acid
83.0
C7H7NO2
p-Nitrotoluene
73.3
C8H8O2
p-Toluic acid
82.4
C7H8
Toluene
65.6
C8H8O2
Benzeneacetic acid
82.4
C7H8O
o-Cresol
73.3
C8H8O2
Methyl benzoate
81.6
C7H8O
m-Cresol
72.2
C8H8O3
Methyl salicylate
86.6
C7H8O
p-Cresol
72.4
C8H10
Ethylbenzene
77.3
C7H8O
Benzyl alcohol
71.8
C8H10
o-Xylene
77.7
C7H8O
Anisole
72.2
C8H10
m-Xylene
76.4
C7H9N
o-Methylaniline
74.9
C8H10
p-Xylene
77.0
C7H9N
m-Methylaniline
74.6
C8H10O
Phenetole
84.5
C7H9N
p-Methylaniline
72.5
C8H11N
N-Ethylaniline
85.6
C7H9N
N-Methylaniline
74.1
C8H11N
N,N-Dimethylaniline
85.1
C7H9N
2,4-Dimethylpyridine
71.3
C8H11N
2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine
83.1
C7H9N
2,6-Dimethylpyridine
72.5
C8H14O4
Ethyl succinate
105.0
C7H9NO
o-Methoxyaniline [o-Anisidine]
79.1
C8H16
1-Octene
88.8
C7H12O4
Diethyl malonate
92.6
C8H16
Cyclooctane
85.3
C7H14
1-Heptene
77.8
C8H16O2
Octanoic acid
99.5
C7H14
Cycloheptane
73.9
C7H14
Methylcyclohexane
78.9
C7H14O
1-Heptanal
81.0
C7H14O
2-Heptanone
80.5
C7H14O
3-Heptanone
80.7
C7H14O
4-Heptanone
80.5
C7H14O
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone
81.1
C7H14O2
Heptanoic acid
89.0
C7H14O2
Pentyl acetate
88.9
C7H14O2
Isopentyl acetate
89.4
C7H14O2
Butyl propanoate
89.1
C7H14O2
Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate
91.1
C7H16
Heptane
85.2
C7H16
3-Ethylpentane
86.2
C7H16
2,2-Dimethylpentane
87.0
C7H16
2,3-Dimethylpentane
87.5
C7H16
2,4-Dimethylpentane
87.5
S03_06.indd 675
C8H16O2
Hexyl acetate
100.9
C8H17Cl
1-Chlorooctane
114.9
C8H18
Octane
96.6
C8H18
4-Methylheptane
97.3
C8H18
3-Ethylhexane
97.8
C8H18
3,4-Dimethylhexane
99.1
C8H18
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
99.1
C8H18
2,3,4-Trimethylpentane
99.8
C8H18O
1-Octanol
101.6
C8H19N
Dibutylamine
103.7
C9H7N
Quinoline
86.1
C9H7N
Isoquinoline
83.9
C9H8
Indene
C9H10
Isopropenylbenzene
80.0
C9H10O2
Ethyl benzoate
93.8
C9H10O2
Benzyl acetate
93.2
C9H12
Propylbenzene
89.1
83
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Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Selected Organic Compounds
3-676 Molecular formula
Compound
-χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
C9H12
Isopropylbenzene [Cumene]
89.5
C9H12
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene [Mesitylene]
92.3
C9H18
1-Nonene
100.1
C9H18O
2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone
104.3
C9H20
Nonane
108.1
C10H7Br
1-Bromonaphthalene
123.6
C10H7Cl
1-Chloronaphthalene
107.6
C10H8
Naphthalene
91.6
C10H8
Azulene
123.7
C10H8O
1-Naphthol
96.2
C10H8O
2-Naphthol
96.8
C10H9N
1-Naphthalenamine
92.5
C10H9N
2-Naphthalenamine
98.0
C10H10O2
Safrole
97.5
C10H10O4
Dimethyl terephthalate
101.6
C10H14
Butylbenzene
100.7
C10H14
tert-Butylbenzene
101.8
C10H14
Isobutylbenzene
101.7
C10H14
p-Cymene
102.8
C10H14
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene
101.2
C10H14O
p-tert-Butylphenol
108.0
C10H15N
N,N-Diethylaniline
107.9
C10H16
d-Limonene
98.0
Molecular formula
Compound
C12H9N
Carbazole
119.9
C12H10
Acenaphthene
109.9
C12H10
Biphenyl
103.3
C12H10N2
Azobenzene
106.8
-χm/10-6 cm3 mol-1
C12H11N
Diphenylamine
108.4
C12H14O4
Diethyl phthalate
127.5
C12H18
Hexamethylbenzene
122.5
C12H24O2
Dodecanoic acid
113.0
C13H9N
Acridine
118.8
C13H10O
Benzophenone
109.6
C13H12
Diphenylmethane
116.0
C13H28
Tridecane
153.7
C14H8O2
9,10-Anthracenedione
113.0
C14H10
Anthracene
129.8
C14H10
Phenanthrene
127.6
C14H10
Diphenylacetylene
C14H10O2
Benzil
106.8
C14H12O2
Benzyl benzoate
132.2
C14H14
1,2-Diphenylethane
127.8
C14H28O2
Tetradecanoic acid [Myristic acid]
176.0
C14H30
Tetradecane
166.2
C16H10
Pyrene
C16H32O2
Hexadecanoic acid [Palmitic acid]
116
147 198.6
C10H16
α-Pinene
100.7
C16H34
Hexadecane
187.6
C10H16
β-Pinene
101.9
C16H34O
1-Hexadecanol
183.5
C10H16O
Camphor, (+)
103.0
C18H12
Chrysene
148.0
C10H18
cis-Decahydronaphthalene
107.0
C18H14
o-Terphenyl
150.4
C10H18
trans-Decahydronaphthalene
107.6
C18H14
m-Terphenyl
155.5
C10H22
Decane
119.5
C18H14
p-Terphenyl
156.0
C11H10
1-Methylnaphthalene
102.9
C18H34O2
2-Methylnaphthalene
102.7
cis-9-Octadecenoic acid [Oleic acid]
208.5
C11H10 C11H24
Undecane
131.8
C18H36O2
220.8
C12H8
Acenaphthylene
111.6
Octadecanoic acid [Stearic acid]
C20H12
Perylene
167.5
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The Elements C. R. Hammond One of the most striking facts about the elements is their unequal distribution and occurrence in nature. Present knowledge of the chemical composition of the universe, obtained from the study of the spectra of stars and nebulae, indicates that hydrogen is by far the most abundant element and may account for more than 90% of the atoms or about 75% of the mass of the universe. Helium atoms make up most of the remainder. All of the other elements together contribute only slightly to the total mass. The chemical composition of the universe is undergoing continuous change. Hydrogen is being converted into helium, and helium is being changed into heavier elements. As time goes on, the ratio of heavier elements increases relative to hydrogen. Presumably, the process is not reversible. Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, and Hoyle, and more recently, Peebles, Penzias, and others have studied the synthesis of elements in stars. To explain all of the features of the nuclear abundance curve — obtained by studies of the composition of the earth, meteorites, stars, etc. — it is necessary to postulate that the elements were originally formed by at least eight different processes: (1) hydrogen burning, (2) helium burning, (3) χ process, (4) e process, (5) s process, (6) r process, (7) p process, and (8) the X process. The X process is thought to account for the existence of light nuclei such as D, Li, Be, and B. Common metals such as Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ti, Zn, etc. were likely produced early in the history of our galaxy. It is also probable that most of the heavy elements on Earth and elsewhere in the universe were originally formed in supernovae, or in the hot interior of stars. Studies of the solar spectrum have led to the identification of 67 elements in the sun’s atmosphere; however, all elements cannot be identified with the same degree of certainty. Other elements may be present in the sun, although they have not yet been detected spectroscopically. The element helium was discovered on the sun before it was found on Earth. Some elements such as scandium are relatively more plentiful in the sun and stars than here on Earth. Minerals in lunar rocks brought back from the moon on the Apollo missions consist predominantly of plagioclase {(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)O4O8} and pyroxene {(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O6} — two minerals common in terrestrial volcanic rock. No new elements have been found on the moon that cannot be accounted for on Earth; however, three minerals, armalcolite {(Fe,Mg)Ti2O5}, pyroxferroite {CaFe6(SiO3)7}, and tranquillityite {Fe8(Zr,Y)Ti3Si3O2}, are new. The oldest known terrestrial rocks are about 4 billion years old. One rock, known as the “Genesis Rock,” brought back from the Apollo 15 Mission, is about 4.15 billion years old. This is only about one-half billion years younger than the supposed age of the moon and solar system. Lunar rocks appear to be relatively enriched in refractory elements such as chromium, titanium, zirconium, and the rare earths, and impoverished in volatile elements such as the alkali metals, in chlorine, and in noble metals such as nickel, platinum, and gold. Even older than the “Genesis Rock” are carbonaceous chondrites, a type of meteorite that has fallen to Earth and has been studied. These are some of the most primitive objects of the solar system yet found. The grains making up these objects probably condensed directly out the gaseous nebula from which the sun and planets were born. Most of the condensation of the grains probably was completed within 50,000 years of the time the disk of the nebula was first formed — about 4.6 billion years ago. It is now thought that this type of meteorite may contain a small percentage
of presolar dust grains. The relative abundances of the elements of these meteorites are about the same as the abundances found in the solar chromosphere. The X-ray fluorescent spectrometer sent with the Viking I spacecraft to Mars shows that the Martian soil contains about 12 to 16% iron, 14 to 15% silicon, 3 to 8% calcium, 2 to 7% aluminum, and one-half to 2% titanium. The gas chromatograph — mass spectrometer on Viking II found no trace of organic compounds. F. W. Clarke and others have carefully studied the composition of rocks making up the crust of the earth. Oxygen accounts for about 47% of the crust, by weight, while silicon comprises about 28% and aluminum about 8%. These elements, plus iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium, account for about 99% of the composition of the crust. Many elements such as tin, copper, zinc, lead, mercury, silver, platinum, antimony, arsenic, and gold, which are so essential to our needs and civilization, are among some of the rarest elements in the earth’s crust. These are made available to us only by the processes of concentration in ore bodies. Some of the so-called rareearth elements have been found to be much more plentiful than originally thought and are about as abundant as uranium, mercury, lead, or bismuth. The least abundant rare-earth or lanthanide element, thulium, is now believed to be more plentiful on earth than silver, cadmium, gold, or iodine, for example. Rubidium, the 16th most abundant element, is more plentiful than chlorine while its compounds are little known in chemistry and commerce. It is now thought that at least 24 elements are essential to living matter. The four most abundant in the human body are hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. The seven next most common, in order of abundance, are calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, sulfur, sodium, and magnesium. Iron, copper, zinc, silicon, iodine, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, fluorine, tin, chromium, selenium, and vanadium are needed and play a role in living matter. Boron is also thought essential for some plants, and it is possible that aluminum, nickel, and germanium may turn out to be necessary. Ninety-one elements occur naturally on earth. Minute traces of plutonium-244 have been discovered in rocks mined in Southern California. This discovery supports the theory that heavy elements were produced during creation of the solar system. While technetium and promethium have not yet been found naturally on earth, they have been found to be present in stars. Technetium has been identified in the spectra of certain “late” type stars, and promethium lines have been identified in the spectra of a faintly visible star HR465 in Andromeda. Promethium must have been made near the star’s surface for no known isotope of this element has a halflife longer than 17.7 years. It has been suggested that californium is present in certain stellar explosions known as supernovae; however, this has not been proved. At present no elements are found elsewhere in the universe that cannot be accounted for here on earth. All atomic mass numbers from 1 to 238 are found naturally on earth except for masses 5 and 8. About 285 relatively stable and 67 naturally radioactive isotopes occur on earth totaling 352. In addition, the neutron, technetium, promethium, and the transuranic elements (lying beyond uranium) have now been produced artificially. In June 1999, scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory reported that they had found evidence of an isotope of Element 118 and its immediate decay 4-1
4-2 products of Elements 116, 114, and 112. This sequence of events tended to reinforce the theory that was predicted since the 1970s that an “island of stability” existed for nuclei with approximately 114 protons and 184 neutrons. This “island” refers to nuclei in which the decay lasts for a period of time instead of a decay that occurs instantaneously. However, on July 27, 2001, researchers at LBNL reported that their laboratory and the facilities at the GSI Laboratory in Germany and at Japanese laboratories failed to confirm the results of their earlier experiments where the fusion of a krypton atom with a lead target resulted in Element 118, with chains of decay leading to Elements 116, 114, and 112, and on down to Element 106. Therefore, the discovery was reported to be spurious. However, with the announcement it was said that different experiments at the Livermore Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia indicated that Element 116 had since been created directly. (See also under Elements 116 and 118.) Laboratory processes have now extended the radioactive element mass numbers beyond 238 to about 280. Each element from atomic numbers 1 to 110 is known to have at least one radioactive isotope. As of December 2001, about 3286 isotopes and isomers were thought to be known and recognized. Many stable and radioactive isotopes are now produced and distributed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A., to customers licensed by the U.S. Department of Energy. The nucleus of an atom is characterized by the number of protons it contains, denoted by Z, and by the number of neutrons, N. Isotopes of an element have the same value of Z, but different values of N. The mass number A, is the sum of Z and N. For example, Uranium-238 has a mass number of 238, and contains 92 protons and 146 neutrons. There is evidence that the definition of chemical elements must be broadened to include the electron. Several compounds known as electrides have recently been made of alkaline metal elements and electrons. A relatively stable combination of a positron and electron, known as positronium, has also been studied. The well-known proton, neutron, and electron are now thought to be members of a group that includes other fundamental particles that have been discovered or hypothesized by physicists. These very elemental particles, of which all matter is made, are now thought to belong to one of two families: namely, quarks or leptons. Each of these two families consists of six particles. Also, there are four different force carriers that lead to interactions between particles. The six members or “flavors” of the quark family are called up, charm, top, down, strange, and bottom. The force carriers for the quarks are the gluon and the photon. The six members of the lepton family are the e neutrino, the mu neutrino, the tau neutrino, the electron, the muon particle, and the tau particle. The force carriers for these are the w boson and the z boson. Furthermore, it appears that each of these particles has an anti-particle that has an opposite electrical charge from the above particles. Quarks are not found individually, but are found with other quarks arranged to form composites known as hadrons. There are two basic types of hadrons: baryons, composed of three quarks, and mesons, composed of a quark and an anti-quark. Examples of baryons are the neutron and the proton. Neutrons are made of two down quarks and one up quark. Protons are made of two up quarks and one down quark. An example of the meson is the pion. This particle is made of an up quark and a down anti-quark. Such particles are unstable and tend to decay rapidly. The anti-particle of the proton is the anti-proton. The exception to the rule is the electron, whose anti-particle is the positron.
The Elements In recent years a search has been made for a hypothetical particle known as the Higgs particle or Higgs boson, suggested in 1966 by Peter Higgs of the University of Edinburgh, which could possibly explain why the carriers of the “electro-weak” field (w and z bosons) have mass. The Higgs particle is thought to be responsible possibly for the mass of objects throughout the universe. Many physicists now hold that all matter and energy in the universe are controlled by four fundamental forces: the electromagnetic force, gravity, a weak nuclear force, and a strong nuclear force. The gluon binds quarks together by carrying the strong nuclear force. Each of these natural forces is passed back and forth among the basic particles of matter by the force carriers mentioned above. The electromagnetic force is carried by the photon, the weak nuclear force by the intermediate vector boson, and the gravity by the graviton. For more complete information on these fundamental particles, please consult recent articles and books on nuclear or particle physics. The available evidence leads to the conclusion that elements 89 (actinium) through 103 (lawrencium) are chemically similar to the rare-earth or lanthanide elements (elements 57 to 71, inclusive). These elements therefore have been named actinides after the first member of this series. Those elements beyond uranium that have been produced artificially have the following names and symbols: neptunium, 93 (Np); plutonium, 94 (Pu); americium, 95 (Am); curium, 96 (Cm); berkelium, 97 (Bk); californium, 98 (Cf ); einsteinium, 99 (Es); fermium, 100 (Fm); mendelevium, 101 (Md); nobelium, 102 (No); lawrencium, 103 (Lr); rutherfordium, 104 (Rf ); dubnium, 105 (Db); seaborgium, 106 (Sg); bohrium, 107 (Bh); hassium, 108 (Hs); meitnerium, 109 (Mt); darmstadtium, 110 (Ds); and roentgenium, 111 (Rg). As of 2005, evidence has been reported for elements 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, and 118, but these elements have not been officially recognized or named. IUPAC recommends that until the existence of a new element is proven to their satisfaction, the elements are to have names and symbols derived according to these precise and simple rules: The name is based on the digits in the element’s atomic number. Each digit is replaced with these expressions, with the end using the usual –ium suffix as follows: 0 nil, 1 un, 2 bi, 3 tri, 4 quad, 5 pent, 6 hex, 7 sept, 8 oct, 9 enn. Double letter i’s are not used, as for example Ununbiium, but would be Ununbium. The symbol used would be the first letter of the three main syllables. For example, Element 126 would be Unbihexium, with the symbol Ubh. (See J. Chatt, Pure Appl. Chem. 51, 381, 1979; W. H. Koppenol, Pure Appl. Chem. 74, 787, 2002.) There are many claims in the literature of the existence of various allotropic modifications of the elements, some of which are based on doubtful or incomplete evidence. Also, the physical properties of an element may change drastically by the presence of small amounts of impurities. With new methods of purification, which are now able to produce elements with 99.9999% purity, it has been necessary to restudy the properties of the elements. For example, the melting point of thorium changes by several hundred degrees by the presence of a small percentage of ThO2 as an impurity. Ordinary commercial tungsten is brittle and can be worked only with difficulty. Pure tungsten, however, can be cut with a hacksaw, forged, spun, drawn, or extruded. In general, the value of a physical property given here applies to the pure element, when it is known. Many of the chemical elements and their compounds are toxic and should be handled with due respect and care. In recent years there has been greatly increased knowledge and awareness of the health hazards associated with chemicals, radioactive materials,
The Elements and other agents. Anyone working with the elements and certain of their compounds should become thoroughly familiar with the proper safeguards to be taken. Information on specific hazards and recommended exposure limits may also be found in Section 16. Reference should also be made to publications such as the following: 1. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Labor. With additions found in issues of the Federal Register. 2. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Energy. With additions found in issues of the Federal Register. (Published by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Supt. of Documents.) 3. Occupational Safety and Health Reporter (latest edition with amendments and corrections), Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, D.C. 4. Atomic Energy Law Reporter, Commerce Clearing House, Chicago, IL. 5. Nuclear Regulation Reporter, Commerce Clearing House, Chicago, IL. 6. TLVs® Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents is issued annually by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Cincinnati, Ohio. 7. The Sigma Aldrich Library of Regulatory and Safety Data. Vol. 3, Robert E. Lenga and Kristine L. Volonpal, Sigma Chemical Co. and Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. 1993. 8. Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, Richard J. Lewis, Sr., 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997. 9. Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 3rd ed., Noyes Publications, 2001/2. 10. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, Richard J. Lewis and N. Irving Sax, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999. 11. World Wide Limits for Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals in Air, Water, and Soil, Marshall Sittig, Noyes Publishers. The prices of elements as indicated in this article are intended to be only a rough guide. Prices may vary, over time, widely with supplier, quantity, and purity. The density of gases is given in grams per liter at 0°C and a pressure of 1 atm. Actinium — (Gr. aktis, aktinos, beam or ray), Ac; at. wt. (227); at. no. 89; m.p. 1050°C, b.p. 3198°C; sp. gr. 10.07 (calc.). Discovered by Andre Debierne in 1899 and independently by F. Giesel in 1902. Occurs naturally in association with uranium minerals. Thirty-four isotopes and isomers are now recognized. All are radioactive. Actinium-227, a decay product of uranium-235, is an alpha and beta emitter with a 21.77-year half-life. Its principal decay products are thorium-227 (18.72-day half-life), radium-223 (11.4-day half-life), and a number of short-lived products including radon, bismuth, polonium, and lead isotopes. In equilibrium with its decay products, it is a powerful source of alpha rays. Actinium metal has been prepared by the reduction of actinium fluoride with lithium vapor at about 1100 to 1300°C. The chemical behavior of actinium is similar to that of the rare earths, particularly lanthanum. Purified actinium comes into equilibrium with its decay products at the end of 185 days, and then decays according to its 21.77year half-life. It is about 150 times as active as radium, making it of value in the production of neutrons. Actinium-225, with a purity of 99%, is available from the Oak Ridge National
4-3 Laboratory to holders of a permit for about $500/millicurie, plus packing charges. Aluminum — (L. alumen, alum), Al; at. wt. 26.9815386(8); at. no. 13; m.p. 660.32°C; b.p. 2519°C; sp. gr. 2.6989 (20°C); valence 3. The ancient Greeks and Romans used alum in medicine as an astringent, and as a mordant in dyeing. In 1761 de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal. Wohler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827, although an impure form was prepared by Oersted two years earlier. In 1807, Davy proposed the name alumium for the metal, undiscovered at that time, and later agreed to change it to aluminum. Shortly thereafter, the name aluminium was adopted to conform with the “ium” ending of most elements, and this spelling is now in use elsewhere in the world. Aluminium was also the accepted spelling in the U.S. until 1925, at which time the American Chemical Society officially decided to use the name aluminum thereafter in their publications. The method of obtaining aluminum metal by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in cryolite was discovered in 1886 by Hall in the U.S. and at about the same time by Heroult in France. Cryolite, a natural ore found in Greenland, is no longer widely used in commercial production, but has been replaced by an artificial mixture of sodium, aluminum, and calcium fluorides. Bauxite, an impure hydrated oxide ore, is found in large deposits in Jamaica, Australia, Suriname, Guyana, Russia, Arkansas, and elsewhere. The Bayer process is most commonly used today to refine bauxite so it can be accommodated in the Hall–Heroult refining process used to make most aluminum. Aluminum can now be produced from clay, but the process is not economically feasible at present. Aluminum is the most abundant metal to be found in the Earth’s crust (8.1%), but is never found free in nature. In addition to the minerals mentioned above, it is found in feldspars, granite, and in many other common minerals. Twenty-two isotopes and isomers are known. Natural aluminum is made of one isotope, 27Al. Pure aluminum, a silvery-white metal, possesses many desirable characteristics. It is light, nontoxic, has a pleasing appearance, can easily be formed, machined, or cast, has a high thermal conductivity, and has excellent corrosion resistance. It is nonmagnetic and nonsparking, stands second among metals in the scale of malleability, and sixth in ductility. It is extensively used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications where a strong, light, easily constructed material is needed. Although its electrical conductivity is only about 60% that of copper, it is used in electrical transmission lines because of its light weight. Pure aluminum is soft and lacks strength, but it can be alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, and other elements to impart a variety of useful properties. These alloys are of vital importance in the construction of modern aircraft and rockets. Aluminum, evaporated in a vacuum, forms a highly reflective coating for both visible light and radiant heat. These coatings soon form a thin layer of the protective oxide and do not deteriorate as do silver coatings. They have found application in coatings for telescope mirrors, in making decorative paper, packages, toys, and in many other uses. The compounds of greatest importance are aluminum oxide, the sulfate, and the soluble sulfate with potassium (alum). The oxide, alumina, occurs naturally as ruby, sapphire, corundum, and emery, and is used in glassmaking and refractories. Synthetic ruby and sapphire have found application in the construction of lasers
The Elements
4-4 for producing coherent light. In 1852, the price of aluminum was about $1200/kg, and just before Hall’s discovery in 1886, about $25/kg. The price rapidly dropped to 60¢ and has been as low as 33¢/kg. The price in December 2001 was about 64¢/ lb or $1.40/kg. Americium — (the Americas), Am; at. wt. 243; at. no. 95; m.p. 1176°C; b.p. 2011°C; sp. gr. 12; valence 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Americium was the fourth transuranium element to be discovered; the isotope 241 Am was identified by Seaborg, James, Morgan, and Ghiorso late in 1944 at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago as the result of successive neutron capture reactions by plutonium isotopes in a nuclear reactor:
239
β Pu(n,γ ) → 240 Pu(n,γ ) → 241 Pu →
241
Am
Since the isotope 241Am can be prepared in relatively pure form by extraction as a decay product over a period of years from strongly neutron-bombarded plutonium, 241Pu, this isotope is used for much of the chemical investigation of this element. Better suited is the isotope 243Am due to its longer half-life (7.37 × 103 years as compared to 432.2 years for 241Am). A mixture of the isotopes 241Am, 242Am, and 243Am can be prepared by intense neutron irradiation of 241Am according to the reactions 241Am (n, γ) → 242Am (n, γ) → 243Am. Nearly isotopically pure, 243Am can be prepared by a sequence of neutron bombardments and chemical separations as follows: neutron bombardment of 241Am yields 242Pu by the reactions 241Am (n, γ) → 242Am → 242Pu, after chemical separation the 242Pu can be transformed to 243Am via the reactions 242Pu (n, γ) → 243Pu → 243Am, and the 243Am can be chemically separated. Fairly pure 242Pu can be prepared more simply by very intense neutron irradiation of 239Pu as the result of successive neutroncapture reactions. Seventeen radioactive isotopes and isomers are now recognized. Americium metal has been prepared by reducing the trifluoride with barium vapor at 1000 to 1200°C or the dioxide by lanthanum metal. The luster of freshly prepared americium metal is white and more silvery than plutonium or neptunium prepared in the same manner. It appears to be more malleable than uranium or neptunium and tarnishes slowly in dry air at room temperature. Americium is thought to exist in two forms: an alpha form which has a double hexagonal close-packed structure and a loose-packed cubic beta form. Americium must be handled with great care to avoid personal contamination. As little as 0.03 µCi of 241Am is the maximum permissible total body burden. The alpha activity from 241Am is about three times that of radium. When gram quantities of 241Am are handled, the intense gamma activity makes exposure a serious problem. Americium dioxide, AmO2, is the most important oxide. AmF3, AmF4, AmCl3, AmBr3, AmI3, and other compounds have been prepared. The isotope 241Am has been used as a portable source for gamma radiography. It has also been used as a radioactive glass thickness gage for the flat glass industry, and as a source of ionization for smoke detectors. Americum-243 (99%) is available from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at a cost of about $750/g plus packing charges. Antimony — (Gr. anti plus monos - a metal not found alone), Sb; at. wt. 121.760(1); at. no. 51; m.p. 630.63°C; b.p. 1587°C; sp. gr. 6.68 (20°C); valence 0, –3, +3, or +5. Antimony was recognized in compounds by the ancients and was known as a metal at the beginning of the 17th century and possibly much earlier.
It is not abundant, but is found in over 100 mineral species. It is sometimes found native, but more frequently as the sulfide, stibnite (Sb2S3); it is also found as antimonides of the heavy metals, and as oxides. It is extracted from the sulfide by roasting to the oxide, which is reduced by salt and scrap iron; from its oxides it is also prepared by reduction with carbon. Two allotropic forms of antimony exist: the normal stable, metallic form, and the amorphous gray form. The so-called explosive antimony is an ill-defined material always containing an appreciable amount of halogen; therefore, it no longer warrants consideration as a separate allotrope. The yellow form, obtained by oxidation of stibine, SbH3, is probably impure, and is not a distinct form. Natural antimony is made of two stable isotopes, 121Sb and 123Sb. Forty-five other radioactive isotopes and isomers are now recognized. Metallic antimony is an extremely brittle metal of a flaky, crystalline texture. It is bluish white and has a metallic luster. It is not acted on by air at room temperature, but burns brilliantly when heated with the formation of white fumes of Sb2O3. It is a poor conductor of heat and electricity, and has a hardness of 3 to 3.5. Antimony, available commercially with a purity of 99.999 + %, is finding use in semiconductor technology for making infrared detectors, diodes, and Hall-effect devices. Commercial-grade antimony is widely used in alloys with percentages ranging from 1 to 20. It greatly increases the hardness and mechanical strength of lead. Batteries, antifriction alloys, type metal, small arms and tracer bullets, cable sheathing, and minor products use about half the metal produced. Compounds taking up the other half are oxides, sulfides, sodium antimonate, and antimony trichloride. These are used in manufacturing flame-proofing compounds, paints, ceramic enamels, glass, and pottery. Tartar emetic (hydrated potassium antimonyl tartrate) has been used in medicine. Antimony and many of its compounds are toxic. Antimony costs about $1.30/kg for the commercial metal or about $12/g (99.999%). Argon — (Gr. argos, inactive), Ar; at. wt. 39.948(1); at. no. 18; m.p. –189.36°C; b.p. –185.85°C; tc –122.28°C; density 1.7837 g/L. Its presence in air was suspected by Cavendish in 1785, discovered by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay in 1894. The gas is prepared by fractionation of liquid air, the atmosphere containing 0.94% argon. The atmosphere of Mars contains 1.6% of 40Ar and 5 p.p.m. of 36Ar. Argon is two and one half times as soluble in water as nitrogen, having about the same solubility as oxygen. It is recognized by the characteristic lines in the red end of the spectrum. It is used in electric light bulbs and in fluorescent tubes at a pressure of about 400 Pa, and in filling photo tubes, glow tubes, etc. Argon is also used as an inert gas shield for arc welding and cutting, as a blanket for the production of titanium and other reactive elements, and as a protective atmosphere for growing silicon and germanium crystals. Argon is colorless and odorless, both as a gas and liquid. It is available in high-purity form. Commercial argon is available at a cost of about 3¢ per cubic foot. Argon is considered to be a very inert gas and is not known to form true chemical compounds, as do krypton, xenon, and radon. However, it does form a hydrate having a dissociation pressure of 105 atm at 0°C. Ion molecules such as (ArKr)+, (ArXe)+, (NeAr)+ have been observed spectroscopically. Argon also forms a clathrate with β-hydroquinone. This clathrate is stable and can be stored for a considerable time, but a true chemical bond does not exist. Van der Waals’ forces act to hold the argon. In August 2000, researchers at the University of Helsinki, Finland reported they made a new argon compound HArF
The Elements by shining UV light on frozen argon that contained a small amount of HF. Naturally occurring argon is a mixture of three isotopes. Seventeen other radioactive isotopes are now known to exist. Commercial argon is priced at about $70/300 cu. ft. or 8.5 cu. meters. Arsenic — (L. arsenicum, Gr. arsenikon, yellow orpiment, identified with arsenikos, male, from the belief that metals were different sexes; Arabic, Az-zernikh, the orpiment from Persian zerni-zar, gold), As; at. wt. 74.92160(2); at. no. 33; valence –3, 0, +3 or +5. Elemental arsenic occurs in two solid modifications: yellow, and gray or metallic, with specific gravities of 1.97, and 5.75, respectively. Gray arsenic, the ordinary stable form, has a triple point of 817°C and sublimes at 616°C and has a critical temperature of 1400°C. Several other allotropic forms of arsenic are reported in the literature. It is believed that Albertus Magnus obtained the element in 1250 A.D. In 1649 Schroeder published two methods of preparing the element. It is found native, in the sulfides realgar and orpiment, as arsenides and sulfarsenides of heavy metals, as the oxide, and as arsenates. Mispickel, arsenopyrite, (FeSAs) is the most common mineral, from which on heating the arsenic sublimes leaving ferrous sulfide. The element is a steel gray, very brittle, crystalline, semimetallic solid; it tarnishes in air, and when heated is rapidly oxidized to arsenous oxide (As2O3) with the odor of garlic. Arsenic and its compounds are poisonous. Exposure to arsenic and its compounds should not exceed 0.01 mg/m3 as elemental As during an 8-h work day. Arsenic is also used in bronzing, pyrotechny, and for hardening and improving the sphericity of shot. The most important compounds are white arsenic (As2O3), the sulfide, Paris green 3Cu(AsO2)2· Cu(C2H3O2)2, calcium arsenate, and lead arsenate; the last three have been used as agricultural insecticides and poisons. Marsh’s test makes use of the formation and ready decomposition of arsine (AsH3). Arsenic is available in high-purity form. It is finding increasing uses as a doping agent in solid-state devices such as transistors. Gallium arsenide is used as a laser material to convert electricity directly into coherent light. Natural arsenic is made of one isotope 75As. Thirty other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known. Arsenic (99%) costs about $75/50g. Purified arsenic (99.9995%) costs about $50/g. Astatine — (Gr. astatos, unstable), At; at. wt. (210); at. no. 85; m.p. 302°C; valence probably 1, 3, 5, or 7. Synthesized in 1940 by D. R. Corson, K. R. MacKenzie, and E. Segre at the University of California by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles. The longest-lived isotope, 210At, has a half-life of only 8.1 hours. Thirty-six other isotopes and isomers are now known. Minute quantities of 215At, 218At, and 219At exist in equilibrium in nature with naturally occurring uranium and thorium isotopes, and traces of 217At are in equilibrium with 233U and 239 Np resulting from interaction of thorium and uranium with naturally produced neutrons. The total amount of astatine present in the Earth’s crust, however, is probably less than 1 oz. Astatine can be produced by bombarding bismuth with energetic alpha particles to obtain the relatively long-lived 209–211 At, which can be distilled from the target by heating it in air. Only about 0.05 µg of astatine has been prepared to date. The “time of flight” mass spectrometer has been used to confirm that this highly radioactive halogen behaves chemically very much like other halogens, particularly iodine. The interhalogen compounds AtI, AtBr, and AtCl are known to form, but it is not yet known if astatine forms diatomic astatine mol-
4-5 ecules. HAt and CH3At (methyl astatide) have been detected. Astatine is said to be more metallic that iodine, and, like iodine, it probably accumulates in the thyroid gland. Barium — (Gr. barys, heavy), Ba; at. wt. 137.327(7), at. no. 56; m.p. 727°C; b.p. 1897°C; sp. gr. 3.62 (20°C); valence 2. Baryta was distinguished from lime by Scheele in 1774; the element was discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy in 1808. It is found only in combination with other elements, chiefly in barite or heavy spar (sulfate) and witherite (carbonate) and is prepared by electrolysis of the chloride. Large deposits of barite are found in China, Germany, India, Morocco, and in the U.S. Barium is a metallic element, soft, and when pure is silvery white like lead; it belongs to the alkaline earth group, resembling calcium chemically. The metal oxidizes very easily and should be kept under petroleum or other suitable oxygen-free liquids to exclude air. It is decomposed by water or alcohol. The metal is used as a “getter” in vacuum tubes. The most important compounds are the peroxide (BaO2), chloride, sulfate, carbonate, nitrate, and chlorate. Lithopone, a pigment containing barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, has good covering power, and does not darken in the presence of sulfides. The sulfate, as permanent white or blanc fixe, is also used in paint, in X-ray diagnostic work, and in glassmaking. Barite is extensively used as a weighting agent in oilwell drilling fluids, and also in making rubber. The carbonate has been used as a rat poison, while the nitrate and chlorate give green colors in pyrotechny. The impure sulfide phosphoresces after exposure to the light. The compounds and the metal are not expensive. Barium metal (99.2 + % pure) costs about $3/g. All barium compounds that are water or acid soluble are poisonous. Naturally occurring barium is a mixture of seven stable isotopes. Thirty-six other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known to exist. Berkelium — (Berkeley, home of the University of California), Bk; at. wt. (247); at. no. 97; m.p. 996°C; valence 3 or 4; sp. gr. 14 (est.). Berkelium, the eighth member of the actinide transition series, was discovered in December 1949 by Thompson, Ghiorso, and Seaborg, and was the fifth transuranium element synthesized. It was produced by cyclotron bombardment of milligram amounts of 241Am with helium ions at Berkeley, California. The first isotope produced had a mass number of 243 and decayed with a half-life of 4.5 hours. Thirteen isotopes are now known and have been synthesized. The existence of 249 Bk, with a half-life of 320 days, makes it feasible to isolate berkelium in weighable amounts so that its properties can be investigated with macroscopic quantities. One of the first visible amounts of a pure berkelium compound, berkelium chloride, was produced in 1962. It weighed 3 billionth of a gram. Berkelium probably has not yet been prepared in elemental form, but it is expected to be a silvery metal, easily soluble in dilute mineral acids, and readily oxidized by air or oxygen at elevated temperatures to form the oxide. X-ray diffraction methods have been used to identify the following compounds: BkO2, BkO3, BkF3, BkCl, and BkOCl. As with other actinide elements, berkelium tends to accumulate in the skeletal system. The maximum permissible body burden of 249Bk in the human skeleton is about 0.0004 µg. Because of its rarity, berkelium presently has no commercial or technological use. Berkelium most likely resembles terbium with respect to chemical properties. Berkelium-249 is available from O.R.N.L. at a cost of $185/µg plus packing charges.
4-6 Beryllium — (Gr. beryllos, beryl; also called Glucinium or Glucinum, Gr. glykys, sweet), Be; at. wt. 9.012182(3); at no. 4; m.p. 1287°C; b.p. 2471°C; sp. gr. 1.848 (20°C); valence 2. Discovered as the oxide by Vauquelin in beryl and in emeralds in 1798. The metal was isolated in 1828 by Wohler and by Bussy independently by the action of potassium on beryllium chloride. Beryllium is found in some 30 mineral species, the most important of which are bertrandite, beryl, chrysoberyl, and phenacite. Aquamarine and emerald are precious forms of beryl. Beryllium minerals are found in the U.S., Brazil, Russia, Kazakhstan, and elsewhere. Colombia is known for its emeralds. Beryl (3BeO · Al2O3 · 6SiO2) and bertrandite (4BeO · 2SiO2 · H2O) are the most important commercial sources of the element and its compounds. Most of the metal is now prepared by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium metal. Beryllium metal did not become readily available to industry until 1957. The metal, steel gray in color, has many desirable properties. It is one of the lightest of all metals, and has one of the highest melting points of the light metals. Its modulus of elasticity is about one third greater than that of steel. It resists attack by concentrated nitric acid, has excellent thermal conductivity, and is nonmagnetic. It has a high permeability to X-rays, and when bombarded by alpha particles, as from radium or polonium, neutrons are produced in the ratio of about 30 neutrons/million alpha particles. At ordinary temperatures beryllium resists oxidation in air, although its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide. Beryllium is used as an alloying agent in producing beryllium copper, which is extensively used for springs, electrical contacts, spot-welding electrodes, and nonsparking tools. It has found application as a structural material for high-speed aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, and communication satellites. It is being used in the windshield frame, brake discs, support beams, and other structural components of the space shuttle. Because beryllium is relatively transparent to X-rays, ultra-thin Be-foil is finding use in X-ray lithography for reproduction of microminiature integrated circuits. Natural beryllium is made of 9Be and is stable. Eight other radioactive isotopes are known. Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator for it has a low thermal neutron absorption cross section. It is used in gyroscopes, computer parts, and instruments where lightness, stiffness, and dimensional stability are required. The oxide has a very high melting point and is also used in nuclear work and ceramic applications. Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care. Beryllium and its compounds should not be tasted to verify the sweetish nature of beryllium (as did early experimenters). The metal, its alloys, and its salts can be handled safely if certain work codes are observed, but no attempt should be made to work with beryllium before becoming familiar with proper safeguards. Beryllium metal is available at a cost of about $5/g (99.5% pure). Bismuth — (Ger. Weisse Masse, white mass; later Wisuth and Bisemutum), Bi; at. wt. 208.98040(1); at. no. 83; m.p. 271.4°C; b.p. 1564°C; sp. gr. 9.79 (20°C); valence 3 or 5. In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead. Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753. It is a white crystalline, brittle metal with a pinkish tinge. It occurs native. The most important ores are bismuthinite or bismuth glance (Bi2S3) and bismite (Bi2O3). Peru, Japan, Mexico, Bolivia, and Canada are major bismuth producers. Much of the bismuth produced in the U.S. is obtained as a by-product in refining
The Elements lead, copper, tin, silver, and gold ores. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall effect of any metal (i.e., greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field). “Bismanol” is a permanent magnet of high coercive force, made of MnBi, by the U.S. Naval Surface Weapons Center. Bismuth expands 3.32% on solidification. This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high temperatures. With other metals such as tin, cadmium, etc., bismuth forms low-melting alloys that are extensively used for safety devices in fire detection and extinguishing systems. Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers. When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame, forming yellow fumes of the oxide. The metal is also used as a thermocouple material, and has found application as a carrier for U235 or U233 fuel in atomic reactors. Its soluble salts are characterized by forming insoluble basic salts on the addition of water, a property sometimes used in detection work. Bismuth oxychloride is used extensively in cosmetics. Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine. Natural bismuth contains only one isotope 209 Bi. Forty-four isotopes and isomers of bismuth are known. Bismuth metal (99.5%) costs about $250/kg. Bohrium — (Named after Niels Bohr [1885–1962], Danish atomic and nuclear physicist.) Bh; at. wt. [264]. at. no. 107. Bohrium is expected to have chemical properties similar to rhenium. This element was synthesized and unambiguously identified in 1981 using the Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (G.S.I.) in Darmstadt, Germany. The discovery team was led by Armbruster and Münzenberg. The reaction producing the element was proposed and applied earlier by a Dubna Group led by Oganessian in 1976. A target of 209Bi was bombarded by a beam of 54Cr ions. In 1983 experiments at Dubna using the 157-inch cyclotron, produced 262107 by the reaction 209Bi + 54 Cr. The alpha decay of 246Cf, the sixth member in the decay chain of 262107, served to establish a 1-neutron reaction channel. The IUPAC adopted the name Bohrium with the symbol Bh for Element 107 in August 1997. Five isotopes of bohrium are now recognized. One isotope of bohrium appears to have a relatively long life of 15 seconds. Work on this relatively longlived isotope has been performed with the 88-inch cyclotron at the Lawrence-Berkeley National Laboratory. Boron — (Ar. Buraq, Pers. Burah), B; at. wt. 10.811(7); at. no. 5; m.p. 2075°C; b.p. 4000°C; sp. gr. of crystals 2.34, of amorphous variety 2.37; valence 3. Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard. The element is not found free in nature, but occurs as orthoboric acid usually in certain volcanic spring waters and as borates in borax and colemanite. Ulexite, another boron mineral, is interesting as it is nature’s own version of “fiber optics.” Important sources of boron are the ores rasorite (kernite) and tincal (borax ore). Both of these ores are found in the Mojave Desert. Tincal is the most important source of boron from the Mojave. Extensive borax deposits are also found in Turkey. Boron exists naturally as 19.9% 10B isotope and 80.1% 11 B isotope. Ten other isotopes of boron are known. High-purity crystalline boron may be prepared by the vapor phase reduction of boron trichloride or tribromide with hydrogen on
The Elements electrically heated filaments. The impure, or amorphous, boron, a brownish-black powder, can be obtained by heating the trioxide with magnesium powder. Boron of 99.9999% purity has been produced and is available commercially. Elemental boron has an energy band gap of 1.50 to 1.56 eV, which is higher than that of either silicon or germanium. It has interesting optical characteristics, transmitting portions of the infrared, and is a poor conductor of electricity at room temperature, but a good conductor at high temperature. Amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares to provide a distinctive green color, and in rockets as an igniter. By far the most commercially important boron compound in terms of dollar sales is Na2B4O7 · 5H2O. This pentahydrate is used in very large quantities in the manufacture of insulation fiberglass and sodium perborate bleach. Boric acid is also an important boron compound with major markets in textile fiberglass and in cellulose insulation as a flame retardant. Next in order of importance is borax (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O) which is used principally in laundry products. Use of borax as a mild antiseptic is minor in terms of dollars and tons. Boron compounds are also extensively used in the manufacture of borosilicate glasses. The isotope boron-10 is used as a control for nuclear reactors, as a shield for nuclear radiation, and in instruments used for detecting neutrons. Boron nitride has remarkable properties and can be used to make a material as hard as diamond. The nitride also behaves like an electrical insulator but conducts heat like a metal. It also has lubricating properties similar to graphite. The hydrides are easily oxidized with considerable energy liberation, and have been studied for use as rocket fuels. Demand is increasing for boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight material chiefly employed for advanced aerospace structures. Boron is similar to carbon in that it has a capacity to form stable covalently bonded molecular networks. Carboranes, metalloboranes, phosphacarboranes, and other families comprise thousands of compounds. Crystalline boron (99.5%) costs about $6/g. Amorphous boron (94–96%) costs about $1.50/g. Elemental boron and the borates are not considered to be toxic, and they do not require special care in handling. However, some of the more exotic boron hydrogen compounds are definitely toxic and do require care. Bromine — (Gr. bromos, stench), Br; at. wt. 79.904(1); at. no. 35; m.p. –7.2°C; b.p. 58.8°C; tc 315°C; density of gas 7.59 g/l, liquid 3.12 (20°C); valence 1, 3, 5, or 7. Discovered by Balard in 1826, but not prepared in quantity until 1860. A member of the halogen group of elements, it is obtained from natural brines from wells in Michigan and Arkansas. Little bromine is extracted today from seawater, which contains only about 85 ppm. Bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element. It is a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid, volatilizing readily at room temperature to a red vapor with a strong disagreeable odor, resembling chlorine, and having a very irritating effect on the eyes and throat; it is readily soluble in water or carbon disulfide, forming a red solution, is less active than chlorine but more so than iodine; it unites readily with many elements and has a bleaching action; when spilled on the skin it produces painful sores. It presents a serious health hazard, and maximum safety precautions should be taken when handling it. Much of the bromine output in the U.S. was used in the production of ethylene dibromide, a lead scavenger used in making gasoline antiknock compounds. Lead in gasoline, however, has been drastically reduced, due to environmental considerations. This will greatly affect future production of bromine. Bromine is also used in making fumigants,
4-7 flameproofing agents, water purification compounds, dyes, medicinals, sanitizers, inorganic bromides for photography, etc. Organic bromides are also important. Natural bromine is made of two isotopes, 79Br and 81Br. Thirty-four isotopes and isomers are known. Bromine (99.8%) costs about $70/kg. Cadmium — (L. cadmia; Gr. kadmeia - ancient name for calamine, zinc carbonate), Cd; at. wt. 112.411(8); at. no. 48; m.p. 321.07°C; b.p. 767°C; sp. gr. 8.69 (20°C); valence 2. Discovered by Stromeyer in 1817 from an impurity in zinc carbonate. Cadmium most often occurs in small quantities associated with zinc ores, such as sphalerite (ZnS). Greenockite (CdS) is the only mineral of any consequence bearing cadmium. Almost all cadmium is obtained as a by-product in the treatment of zinc, copper, and lead ores. It is a soft, bluish-white metal which is easily cut with a knife. It is similar in many respects to zinc. It is a component of some of the lowest melting alloys; it is used in bearing alloys with low coefficients of friction and great resistance to fatigue; it is used extensively in electroplating, which accounts for about 60% of its use. It is also used in many types of solder, for standard E.M.F. cells, for Ni-Cd batteries, and as a barrier to control atomic fission. The market for NiCd batteries is expected to grow significantly. Cadmium compounds are used in black and white television phosphors and in blue and green phosphors for color TV tubes. It forms a number of salts, of which the sulfate is most common; the sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium and solutions of its compounds are toxic. Failure to appreciate the toxic properties of cadmium may cause workers to be unwittingly exposed to dangerous fumes. Some silver solders, for example, contain cadmium and should be handled with care. Serious toxicity problems have been found from long-term exposure and work with cadmium plating baths. Cadmium is present in certain phosphate rocks. This has raised concerns that the long-term use of certain phosphate fertilizers might pose a health hazard from levels of cadmium that might enter the food chain. In 1927 the International Conference on Weights and Measures redefined the meter in terms of the wavelength of the red cadmium spectral line (i.e., 1 m = 1,553,164.13 wavelengths). This definition has been changed (see under Krypton). The current price of cadmium is about 50¢/g (99.5%). It is available in high purity form for about $550/kg. Natural cadmium is made of eight isotopes. Thirty-four other isotopes and isomers are now known and recognized. Calcium — (L. calx, lime), Ca; at. wt. 40.078(4); at. no. 20; m.p. 842°C; b.p. 1484°C; sp. gr. 1.54 (20°C); valence 2. Though lime was prepared by the Romans in the first century under the name calx, the metal was not discovered until 1808. After learning that Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, Davy was able to isolate the impure metal. Calcium is a metallic element, fifth in abundance in the Earth’s crust, of which it forms more than 3%. It is an essential constituent of leaves, bones, teeth, and shells. Never found in nature uncombined, it occurs abundantly as limestone (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O), and fluorite (CaF2); apatite is the fluorophosphate or chlorophosphate of calcium. The metal has a silvery color, is rather hard, and is prepared by electrolysis of the fused chloride to which calcium fluoride is added to lower the melting point. Chemically it is one of the alkaline earth elements; it readily forms a white coating of oxide in air, reacts with water, burns with a yellowred flame, largely forming the oxide. The metal is used as a reducing agent in preparing other metals such as thorium,
The Elements
4-8 uranium, zirconium, etc., and is used as a deoxidizer, desulfurizer, and inclusion modifier for various ferrous and nonferrous alloys. It is also used as an alloying agent for aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys, and serves as a “getter” for residual gases in vacuum tubes. Its natural and prepared compounds are widely used. Quicklime (CaO), made by heating limestone and changed into slaked lime by the careful addition of water, is the great cheap base of the chemical industry with countless uses. Mixed with sand it hardens as mortar and plaster by taking up carbon dioxide from the air. Calcium from limestone is an important element in Portland cement. The solubility of the carbonate in water containing carbon dioxide causes the formation of caves with stalactites and stalagmites and is responsible for hardness in water. Other important compounds are the carbide (CaC2), chloride (CaCl2), cyanamide (CaCN2), hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2), nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), and sulfide (CaS). Calcium sulfide is phosphorescent after being exposed to light. Natural calcium contains six isotopes. Sixteen other radioactive isotopes are known. Metallic calcium (99.5%) costs about $200/kg. Californium — (State and University of California), Cf; at. wt. (251); m.p. 900°C; sp. gr. 15.1; at. no. 98. Californium, the sixth transuranium element to be discovered, was produced by Thompson, Street, Ghioirso, and Seaborg in 1950 by bombarding microgram quantities of 242Cm with 35 MeV helium ions in the Berkeley 60-inch cyclotron. Californium (III) is the only ion stable in aqueous solutions, all attempts to reduce or oxidize californium (III) having failed. The isotope 249Cf results from the beta decay of 249Bk while the heavier isotopes are produced by intense neutron irradiation by the reactions:
249
β Bk(n,γ ) → 250 Bk →
250
Cf and 249Cf(n,γ ) →250 Cf
followed by
250
Cf(n,γ ) → 251 Cf(n,γ ) → 252 Cf
The existence of the isotopes 249Cf, 250Cf, 251Cf, and 252Cf makes it feasible to isolate californium in weighable amounts so that its properties can be investigated with macroscopic quantities. Californium-252 is a very strong neutron emitter. One microgram releases 170 million neutrons per minute, which presents biological hazards. Proper safeguards should be used in handling californium. Twenty isotopes of californium are now recognized. 249Cf and 252Cf have half-lives of 351 years and 900 years, respectively. In 1960 a few tenths of a microgram of californium trichloride, CfCl3, californium oxychloride, CfOCl, and californium oxide, Cf2O3, were first prepared. Reduction of californium to its metallic state has not yet been accomplished. Because californium is a very efficient source of neutrons, many new uses are expected for it. It has already found use in neutron moisture gages and in well-logging (the determination of water and oil-bearing layers). It is also being used as a portable neutron source for discovery of metals such as gold or silver by on-the-spot activation analysis. 252Cf is now being offered for sale by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (O.R.N.L.) at a cost of $60/µg and 249Cf at a cost of $185/µg plus packing charges. It has been suggested that californium may be produced in certain stellar explosions, called supernovae, for the radioactive decay of 254Cf (55-day half-life) agrees with the characteristics of the light curves of such explosions observed through telescopes. This suggestion, however, is
questioned. Californium is expected to have chemical properties similar to dysprosium. Carbon — (L. carbo, charcoal), C; at. wt. 12.0107(8); at. no. 6; sublimes at 3825°C; triple point (graphite-liquid-gas), 4489°C; sp. gr. amorphous 1.8 to 2.1, graphite 1.9 to 2.3, diamond 3.15 to 3.53 (depending on variety); gem diamond 3.513 (25°C); valence 2, 3, or 4. Carbon, an element of prehistoric discovery, is very widely distributed in nature. It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. Carbon in the form of microscopic diamonds is found in some meteorites. Natural diamonds are found in kimberlite or lamporite of ancient formations called “pipes,” such as found in South Africa, Arkansas, and elsewhere. Diamonds are now also being recovered from the ocean floor off the Cape of Good Hope. About 30% of all industrial diamonds used in the U.S. are now made synthetically. The energy of the sun and stars can be attributed at least in part to the wellknown carbon-nitrogen cycle. Carbon is found free in nature in three allotropic forms: amorphous, graphite, and diamond. Graphite is one of the softest known materials while diamond is one of the hardest. Graphite exists in two forms: alpha and beta. These have identical physical properties, except for their crystal structure. Naturally occurring graphites are reported to contain as much as 30% of the rhombohedral (beta) form, whereas synthetic materials contain only the alpha form. The hexagonal alpha type can be converted to the beta by mechanical treatment, and the beta form reverts to the alpha on heating it above 1000°C. Of recent interest is the discovery of all-carbon molecules, known as “buckyballs” or fullerenes, which have a number of unusual properties. These interesting molecules, consisting of 60 or 70 carbon atoms linked together, seem capable of withstanding great pressure and trapping foreign atoms inside their network of carbon. They are said to be capable of magnetism and superconductivity and have potential as a nonlinear optical material. Buckyball films are reported to remain superconductive at temperatures as high as 45 K. In combination, carbon is found as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the Earth and dissolved in all natural waters. It is a component of great rock masses in the form of carbonates of calcium (limestone), magnesium, and iron. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are chiefly hydrocarbons. Carbon is unique among the elements in the vast number and variety of compounds it can form. With hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements, it forms a very large number of compounds, carbon atom often being linked to carbon atom. There are close to ten million known carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to organic and life processes. Without carbon, the basis for life would be impossible. While it has been thought that silicon might take the place of carbon in forming a host of similar compounds, it is now not possible to form stable compounds with very long chains of silicon atoms. The atmosphere of Mars contains 96.2% CO2. Some of the most important compounds of carbon are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon disulfide (CS2), chloroform (CHCl3), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), acetylene (C2H2), benzene (C6H6), ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), and their derivatives. Carbon has fifteen isotopes. Natural carbon consists of 98.89% 12 C and 1.11% 13C. In 1961 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry adopted the isotope carbon-12 as the basis for atomic weights. Carbon-14, an isotope with a half-life of 5715 years, has been widely used to date such materials as wood, archeological specimens, etc. A new brittle form of car-
The Elements bon, known as “glassy carbon,” has been developed. It can be obtained with high purity. It has a high resistance to corrosion, has good thermal stability, and is structurally impermeable to both gases and liquids. It has a randomized structure, making it useful in ultra-high technology applications, such as crystal growing, crucibles for high-temperature use, etc. Glassy carbon is available at a cost of about $35/10g. Fullerene powder is available at a cost of about $55/10mg (99%C10). Diamond powder (99.9%) costs about $40/g. Cerium — (named for the asteroid Ceres, which was discovered in 1801 only 2 years before the element), Ce; at. wt. 140.116(1); at. no. 58; m.p. 799°C; b.p. 3443°C; sp. gr. 6.770 (25°C); valence 3 or 4. Discovered in 1803 by Klaproth and by Berzelius and Hisinger; metal prepared by Hillebrand and Norton in 1875. Cerium is the most abundant of the metals of the so-called rare earths. It is found in a number of minerals including allanite (also known as orthite), monazite, bastnasite, cerite, and samarskite. Monazite and bastnasite are presently the two most important sources of cerium. Large deposits of monazite found on the beaches of Travancore, India, in river sands in Brazil, and deposits of allanite in the western United States, and bastnasite in Southern California will supply cerium, thorium, and the other rare-earth metals for many years to come. Metallic cerium is prepared by metallothermic reduction techniques, such as by reducing cerous fluoride with calcium, or by electrolysis of molten cerous chloride or other cerous halides. The metallothermic technique is used to produce highpurity cerium. Cerium is especially interesting because of its variable electronic structure. The energy of the inner 4f level is nearly the same as that of the outer or valence electrons, and only small amounts of energy are required to change the relative occupancy of these electronic levels. This gives rise to dual valency states. For example, a volume change of about 10% occurs when cerium is subjected to high pressures or low temperatures. It appears that the valence changes from about 3 to 4 when it is cooled or compressed. The low temperature behavior of cerium is complex. Four allotropic modifications are thought to exist: cerium at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure is known as γ cerium. Upon cooling to –16°C, γ cerium changes to β cerium. The remaining γ cerium starts to change to α cerium when cooled to –172°C, and the transformation is complete at –269°C. α Cerium has a density of 8.16; δ cerium exists above 726°C. At atmospheric pressure, liquid cerium is more dense than its solid form at the melting point. Cerium is an iron-gray lustrous metal. It is malleable, and oxidizes very readily at room temperature, especially in moist air. Except for europium, cerium is the most reactive of the “rare-earth” metals. It slowly decomposes in cold water, and rapidly in hot water. Alkali solutions and dilute and concentrated acids attack the metal rapidly. The pure metal is likely to ignite if scratched with a knife. Ceric salts are orange red or yellowish; cerous salts are usually white. Cerium is a component of misch metal, which is extensively used in the manufacture of pyrophoric alloys for cigarette lighters, etc. Natural cerium is stable and contains four isotopes. Thirtytwo other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known. While cerium is not radioactive, the impure commercial grade may contain traces of thorium, which is radioactive. The oxide is an important constituent of incandescent gas mantles and it is emerging as a hydrocarbon catalyst in “self-cleaning” ovens. In this application it can be incorporated into oven walls to prevent the collection of cooking residues. As ceric sulfate it finds extensive use as a volumetric oxidizing agent in quan-
4-9 titative analysis. Cerium compounds are used in the manufacture of glass, both as a component and as a decolorizer. The oxide is finding increased use as a glass polishing agent instead of rouge, for it is much faster than rouge in polishing glass surfaces. Cerium compounds are finding use in automobile exhaust catalysts. Cerium is also finding use in making permanent magnets. Cerium, with other rare earths, is used in carbon-arc lighting, especially in the motion picture industry. It is also finding use as an important catalyst in petroleum refining and in metallurgical and nuclear applications. In small lots, cerium costs about $5/g (99.9%). Cesium — (L. caesius, sky blue), Cs; at. wt. 132.9054519(2); at. no. 55; m.p. 28.44°C; b.p. 671°C; sp. gr. 1.873 (20°C); valence 1. Cesium was discovered spectroscopically by Bunsen and Kirchhoff in 1860 in mineral water from Durkheim. Cesium, an alkali metal, occurs in lepidolite, pollucite (a hydrated silicate of aluminum and cesium), and in other sources. One of the world’s richest sources of cesium is located at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. The deposits are estimated to contain 300,000 tons of pollucite, averaging 20% cesium. It can be isolated by electrolysis of the fused cyanide and by a number of other methods. Very pure, gas-free cesium can be prepared by thermal decomposition of cesium azide. The metal is characterized by a spectrum containing two bright lines in the blue along with several others in the red, yellow, and green. It is silvery white, soft, and ductile. It is the most electropositive and most alkaline element. Cesium, gallium, and mercury are the only three metals that are liquid at room temperature. Cesium reacts explosively with cold water, and reacts with ice at temperatures above –116°C. Cesium hydroxide, the strongest base known, attacks glass. Because of its great affinity for oxygen the metal is used as a “getter” in electron tubes. It is also used in photoelectric cells, as well as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of certain organic compounds. The metal has recently found application in ion propulsion systems. Cesium is used in atomic clocks, which are accurate to 5 s in 300 years. A second of time is now defined as being the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyper-fine levels of the ground state of the cesium-133 atom. Its chief compounds are the chloride and the nitrate. Cesium has 52 isotopes and isomers with masses ranging from 112 to 148. The present price of cesium is about $50/g (99.98%) sealed in a glass ampoule. Chlorine — (Gr. chloros, greenish yellow), Cl; at. wt. 35.453(2); at. no. 17; m.p. –101.5°C; b.p. –34.04°C; tc 143.8°C; density 3.214 g/L; sp. gr. 1.56 (–33.6°C); valence 1, 3, 5, or 7. Discovered in 1774 by Scheele, who thought it contained oxygen; named in 1810 by Davy, who insisted it was an element. In nature it is found in the combined state only, chiefly with sodium as common salt (NaCl), carnallite (KMgCl3 · 6H2O), and sylvite (KCl). It is a member of the halogen (salt-forming) group of elements and is obtained from chlorides by the action of oxidizing agents and more often by electrolysis; it is a greenish-yellow gas, combining directly with nearly all elements. At 10°C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine, at 30°C only 1.77 volumes. Chlorine is widely used in making many everyday products. It is used for producing safe drinking water the world over. Even the smallest water supplies are now usually chlorinated. It is also extensively used in the production of paper products, dyestuffs, textiles, petroleum products, medicines, antiseptics, insecticides, foodstuffs, solvents, paints, plastics, and many other consumer products. Most of the chlorine produced is used in the manufacture of chlorinat-
The Elements
4-10 ed compounds for sanitation, pulp bleaching, disinfectants, and textile processing. Further use is in the manufacture of chlorates, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and in the extraction of bromine. Organic chemistry demands much from chlorine, both as an oxidizing agent and in substitution, since it often brings desired properties in an organic compound when substituted for hydrogen, as in one form of synthetic rubber. Chlorine is a respiratory irritant. The gas irritates the mucous membranes and the liquid burns the skin. As little as 3.5 ppm can be detected as an odor, and 1000 ppm is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths. It was used as a war gas in 1915. Natural chlorine contains two isotopes. Twenty other isotopes and isomers are known. Chromium — (Gr. chroma, color), Cr; at. wt. 51.9961(6); at. no. 24; m.p. 1907°C; b.p. 2671°C; sp. gr. 7.15 (20°C); valence chiefly 2, 3, or 6. Discovered in 1797 by Vauquelin, who prepared the metal the next year, chromium is a steel-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish. The principal ore is chromite (FeCr2O4), which is found in Zimbabwe, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Iran, Albania, Finland, Democratic Republic of Madagascar, the Philippines, and elsewhere. The U.S. has no appreciable chromite ore reserves. The metal is usually produced by reducing the oxide with aluminum. Chromium is used to harden steel, to manufacture stainless steel, and to form many useful alloys. Much is used in plating to produce a hard, beautiful surface and to prevent corrosion. Chromium is used to give glass an emerald green color. It finds wide use as a catalyst. All compounds of chromium are colored; the most important are the chromates of sodium and potassium (K2CrO4) and the dichromates (K2Cr2O7) and the potassium and ammonium chrome alums, as KCr(SO4)2 · 12H2O. The dichromates are used as oxidizing agents in quantitative analysis, also in tanning leather. Other compounds are of industrial value; lead chromate is chrome yellow, a valued pigment. Chromium compounds are used in the textile industry as mordants, and by the aircraft and other industries for anodizing aluminum. The refractory industry has found chromite useful for forming bricks and shapes, as it has a high melting point, moderate thermal expansion, and stability of crystalline structure. Chromium is an essential trace element for human health. Many chromium compounds, however, are acutely or chronically toxic, and some are carcinogenic. They should be handled with proper safeguards. Natural chromium contains four isotopes. Twenty other isotopes are known. Chromium metal (99.95%) costs about $1000/kg. Commercial grade chromium (99%) costs about $75/kg. Cobalt — (Kobald, from the German, goblin or evil spirit, cobalos, Greek, mine), Co; at. wt. 58.933195(5); at. no. 27; m.p. 1495°C; b.p. 2927°C; sp. gr. 8.9 (20°C); valence 2 or 3. Discovered by Brandt about 1735. Cobalt occurs in the mineral cobaltite, smaltite, and erythrite, and is often associated with nickel, silver, lead, copper, and iron ores, from which it is most frequently obtained as a by-product. It is also present in meteorites. Important ore deposits are found in Congo-Kinshasa, Australia, Zambia, Russia, Canada, and elsewhere. The U.S. Geological Survey has announced that the bottom of the north central Pacific Ocean may have cobalt-rich deposits at relatively shallow depths in waters close to the Hawaiian Islands and other U.S. Pacific territories. Cobalt is a brittle, hard metal, closely resembling iron and nickel in appearance. It has a magnetic permeability of about two thirds that of iron. Cobalt tends to exist as a mixture of two allotropes over a wide temperature
range; the β-form predominates below 400°C, and the α above that temperature. The transformation is sluggish and accounts in part for the wide variation in reported data on physical properties of cobalt. It is alloyed with iron, nickel and other metals to make Alnico, an alloy of unusual magnetic strength with many important uses. Stellite alloys, containing cobalt, chromium, and tungsten, are used for high-speed, heavy-duty, high-temperature cutting tools, and for dies. Cobalt is also used in other magnet steels and stainless steels, and in alloys used in jet turbines and gas turbine generators. The metal is used in electroplating because of its appearance, hardness, and resistance to oxidation. The salts have been used for centuries for the production of brilliant and permanent blue colors in porcelain, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. It is the principal ingredient in Sevre’s and Thenard’s blue. A solution of the chloride (CoCl2 · 6H2O) is used as sympathetic ink. The cobalt ammines are of interest; the oxide and the nitrate are important. Cobalt carefully used in the form of the chloride, sulfate, acetate, or nitrate has been found effective in correcting a certain mineral deficiency disease in animals. Soils should contain 0.13 to 0.30 ppm of cobalt for proper animal nutrition. Cobalt is found in Vitamin B-12, which is essential for human nutrition. Cobalt of 99.9+% purity is priced at about $250/kg. Cobalt-60, an artificial isotope, is an important gamma ray source, and is extensively used as a tracer and a radiotherapeutic agent. Single compact sources of Cobalt-60 vary from about $1 to $10/curie, depending on quantity and specific activity. Thirty isotopes and isomers of cobalt are known. Columbium — See Niobium. Copper — (L. cuprum, from the island of Cyprus), Cu; at. wt. 63.546(3); at. no. 29; f.p. 1084.62 °C; b.p. 2562°C; sp. gr. 8.96 (20°C); valence 1 or 2. The discovery of copper dates from prehistoric times. It is said to have been mined for more than 5000 years. It is one of man’s most important metals. Copper is reddish colored, takes on a bright metallic luster, and is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity (second only to silver in electrical conductivity). The electrical industry is one of the greatest users of copper. Copper occasionally occurs native, and is found in many minerals such as cuprite, malachite, azurite, chalcopyrite, and bornite. Large copper ore deposits are found in the U.S., Chile, Zambia, Zaire, Peru, and Canada. The most important copper ores are the sulfides, oxides, and carbonates. From these, copper is obtained by smelting, leaching, and by electrolysis. Its alloys, brass and bronze, long used, are still very important; all American coins are now copper alloys; monel and gun metals also contain copper. The most important compounds are the oxide and the sulfate, blue vitriol; the latter has wide use as an agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification. Copper compounds such as Fehling’s solution are widely used in analytical chemistry in tests for sugar. High-purity copper (99.999 + %) is readily available commercially. The price of commercial copper has fluctuated widely. The price of copper in December 2001 was about $1.50/kg. Natural copper contains two isotopes. Twenty-six other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known. Curium — (Pierre and Marie Curie), Cm; at. wt. (247); at. no. 96; m.p. 1345°C; sp. gr. 13.51 (calc.); valence 3 and 4. Although curium follows americium in the periodic system, it was actually known before americium and was the third transuranium element to be discovered. It was identified by Seaborg, James,
The Elements and Ghiorso in 1944 at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory in Chicago as a result of helium-ion bombardment of 239Pu in the Berkeley, California, 60-inch cyclotron. Visible amounts (30 µg) of 242Cm, in the form of the hydroxide, were first isolated by Werner and Perlman of the University of California in 1947. In 1950, Crane, Wallmann, and Cunningham found that the magnetic susceptibility of microgram samples of CmF3 was of the same magnitude as that of GdF3. This provided direct experimental evidence for assigning an electronic configuration to Cm+3. In 1951, the same workers prepared curium in its elemental form for the first time. Sixteen isotopes of curium are now known. The most stable, 247Cm, with a half-life of 16 million years, is so short compared to the Earth’s age that any primordial curium must have disappeared long ago from the natural scene. Minute amounts of curium probably exist in natural deposits of uranium, as a result of a sequence of neutron captures and β decays sustained by the very low flux of neutrons naturally present in uranium ores. The presence of natural curium, however, has never been detected. 242Cm and 244Cm are available in multigram quantities. 248Cm has been produced only in milligram amounts. Curium is similar in some regards to gadolinium, its rare-earth homolog, but it has a more complex crystal structure. Curium is silver in color, is chemically reactive, and is more electropositive than aluminum. CmO2, Cm2O3, CmF3, CmF4, CmCl3, CmBr3, and CmI3 have been prepared. Most compounds of trivalent curium are faintly yellow in color. 242Cm generates about three watts of thermal energy per gram. This compares to one-half watt per gram of 238Pu. This suggests use for curium as a power source. 244 Cm is now offered for sale by the O.R.N.L. at $185/mg plus packing charges. 248Cm is available at a cost of $160/µg, plus packing charges, from the O.R.N.L. Curium absorbed into the body accumulates in the bones, and is therefore very toxic as its radiation destroys the red-cell forming mechanism. The maximum permissible total body burden of 244Cm (soluble) in a human being is 0.3 µCi (microcurie). Darmstadtium — (Darmstadt, city in Germany), Ds. In 1987 Oganessian et al., at Dubna, claimed discovery of this element. Their experiments indicated the spontaneous fissioning nuclide 272110 with a half-life of 10 ms. More recently a group led by Armbruster at G.S.I. in Darmstadt, Germany, reported evidence of 269110, which was produced by bombarding lead for many days with more than 1018 nickel atoms. A detector searched each collision for Element 110’s distinct decay sequence. On November 9, 1994, evidence of 110 was detected. In 2003 IUPAC approved the name darmstadtium, symbol Ds, for Element 110. Seven isotopes of Element 110 are now recognized. Deuterium — an isotope of hydrogen — see Hydrogen. Dubnium — (named after the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia). Db; at. wt. [262]; at. no. 105. In 1967 G. N. Flerov reported that a Soviet team working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna may have produced a few atoms of 260105 and 261105 by bombarding 243Am with 22 Ne. Their evidence was based on time-coincidence measurements of alpha energies. More recently, it was reported that early in 1970 Dubna scientists synthesized Element 105 and that by the end of April 1970 “had investigated all the types of decay of the new element and had determined its chemical properties.” In late April 1970, it was announced that Ghiorso, Nurmia, Harris, K. A. Y. Eskola, and P. L. Eskola, working at the University of California at Berkeley, had positively identi-
4-11 fied Element 105. The discovery was made by bombarding a target of 249Cf with a beam of 84 MeV nitrogen nuclei in the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC). When a 15N nucleus is absorbed by a 249Cf nucleus, four neutrons are emitted and a new atom of 260105 with a half-life of 1.6 s is formed. While the first atoms of Element 105 are said to have been detected conclusively on March 5, 1970, there is evidence that Element 105 had been formed in Berkeley experiments a year earlier by the method described. Ghiorso and his associates have attempted to confirm Soviet findings by more sophisticated methods without success. In October 1971, it was announced that two new isotopes of Element 105 were synthesized with the heavy ion linear accelerator by A. Ghiorso and co-workers at Berkeley. Element 261105 was produced both by bombarding 250Cf with 15 N and by bombarding 249Bk with 16O. The isotope emits 8.93MeV α particles and decays to 257Lr with a half-life of about 1.8 s. Element 262105 was produced by bombarding 249Bk with 18 O. It emits 8.45 MeV α particles and decays to 258Lr with a half-life of about 40 s. Nine isotopes of Dubnium are now recognized. Soon after the discovery the names Hahnium and Joliotium, named after Otto Hahn and Jean-Frederic Joliot and Mme. Joliot-Curie, were suggested as names for Element 105. The IUPAC in August 1997 finally resolved the issue, naming Element 105 Dubnium with the symbol Db. Dubnium is thought to have properties similar to tantalum. Dysprosium — (Gr. dysprositos, hard to get at), Dy; at. wt. 160.500(1); at. no. 66; m.p. 1412°C; b.p. 2567°C; sp. gr. 8.551 (25°C); valence 3. Dysprosium was discovered in 1886 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but not isolated. Neither the oxide nor the metal was available in relatively pure form until the development of ion-exchange separation and metallographic reduction techniques by Spedding and associates about 1950. Dysprosium occurs along with other so-called rare-earth or lanthanide elements in a variety of minerals such as xenotime, fergusonite, gadolinite, euxenite, polycrase, and blomstrandine. The most important sources, however, are from monazite and bastnasite. Dysprosium can be prepared by reduction of the trifluoride with calcium. The element has a metallic, bright silver luster. It is relatively stable in air at room temperature, and is readily attacked and dissolved, with the evolution of hydrogen, by dilute and concentrated mineral acids. The metal is soft enough to be cut with a knife and can be machined without sparking if overheating is avoided. Small amounts of impurities can greatly affect its physical properties. While dysprosium has not yet found many applications, its thermal neutron absorption cross-section and high melting point suggest metallurgical uses in nuclear control applications and for alloying with special stainless steels. A dysprosium oxide-nickel cermet has found use in cooling nuclear reactor rods. This cermet absorbs neutrons readily without swelling or contracting under prolonged neutron bombardment. In combination with vanadium and other rare earths, dysprosium has been used in making laser materials. Dysprosium-cadmium chalcogenides, as sources of infrared radiation, have been used for studying chemical reactions. The cost of dysprosium metal has dropped in recent years since the development of ionexchange and solvent extraction techniques, and the discovery of large ore bodies. Thirty-two isotopes and isomers are now known. The metal costs about $6/g (99.9% purity). Einsteinium — (Albert Einstein [1879–1955]), Es; at. wt. (252); m.p. 860°C (est.); at. no. 99. Einsteinium, the seventh transura-
4-12 nic element of the actinide series to be discovered, was identified by Ghiorso and co-workers at Berkeley in December 1952 in debris from the first large thermonuclear explosion, which took place in the Pacific in November 1952. The isotope produced was the 20-day 253Es isotope. In 1961, a sufficient amount of einsteinium was produced to permit separation of a macroscopic amount of 253Es. This sample weighed about 0.01 µg. A special magnetic-type balance was used in making this determination. 253Es so produced was used to produce mendelevium. About 3 µg of einsteinium has been produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratories by irradiating for several years kilogram quantities of 239Pu in a reactor to produce 242Pu. This was then fabricated into pellets of plutonium oxide and aluminum powder, and loaded into target rods for an initial 1year irradiation at the Savannah River Plant, followed by irradiation in a HFIR (High Flux Isotopic Reactor). After 4 months in the HFIR the targets were removed for chemical separation of the einsteinium from californium. Nineteen isotopes and isomers of einsteinium are now recognized. 254Es has the longest half-life (276 days). Tracer studies using 253Es show that einsteinium has chemical properties typical of a heavy trivalent, actinide element. Einsteinium is extremely radioactive. Great care must be taken when handling it. Element 112 — In late February 1996, Siguard Hofmann and his collaborators at GSI Darmstadt announced their discovery of Element 112, having 112 protons and 165 neutrons, with an atomic mass of 277. This element was made by bombarding a lead target with high-energy zinc ions. A single nucleus of Element 112 was detected, which decayed after less than 0.001 sec by emitting an α particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This created Element 110273, which in turn decayed by emitting an α particle to form a new isotope of Element 108 and so on. Evidence indicates that nuclei with 162 neutrons are held together more strongly than nuclei with a smaller or larger number of neutrons. This suggests a narrow “peninsula” of relatively stable isotopes around Element 114. GSI scientists are experimenting to bombard targets with ions heavier than zinc to produce Elements 113 and 114. A name has not yet been suggested for Element 112, although the IUPAC suggested the temporary name of ununbium, with the symbol of Uub, when the element was discovered. Element 112 is expected to have properties similar to mercury. Element 113 — (Ununtrium) See Element 115. Element 114 — (Ununquadium) Symbol Uuq. Element 114 is the first new element to be discovered since 1996. This element was found by a Russian–American team, including Livermore researchers, by bombarding a sheet of plutonium with a rare form of calcium hoping to make the atoms stick together in a new element. Radiation showed that the new element broke into smaller pieces. Data of radiation collected at the Russian Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in November and December 1998 were analyzed in January 1999. It was found that some of the heavy atoms created when 114 decayed lived up to 30 seconds, which was longer than ever seen before for such a heavy element. This isotope decayed into a previously unknown isotope of Element 112, which itself lasted 15 minutes. That isotope, in turn, decayed to a previously undiscovered isotope of Element 108, which survived 17 minutes. Isotopes of these and those with longer life-times have been predicted for some time by theorists. It appears that these isotopes are on the edge of the “island of stability,” and that some
The Elements of the isotopes in this region might last long enough for studies of their nuclear behavior and for a chemical evaluation to be made. No name has yet been suggested for Element 114; however, the temporary name of ununquadium with symbol Uuq may be used. Element 115— (Ununpentium) On February 2, 2004, it was reported that Element 115 had been discovered at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. Four atoms of this element were produced by JINR physicists and collaborators from the Lawrence Livermore (California) Laboratory using a 248-MeV beam of calcium-48 ions striking a target of americium-243 atoms. The nuclei of these atoms are said to have a life of 90 milliseconds. The relatively long lifetime of Element 115 suggests that these experiments might be getting closer to the “island of stability” long sought to exist by some nuclear physicists. These atoms were thought to decay first to Element 113 by the emission of an alpha particle, then decay further to Element 111 by alpha emission again, and then by three more alpha decay processes to Element 105 (dubnium), which after a long delay from the time of the initial interaction, fissioned. This experiment entailed separating four atoms from trillions of other atoms. A gas-filled separator, employing chemistry, was important in this experiment. Names for Elements 115, Element 113, and Element 111 have not yet been chosen. Element 116 — (Ununhexium) Symbol Uuh. As of January 2004 it is questionable if this element has been discovered. Element 117 — (Ununseptium) Symbol Uus. As of January 2004, this element remains undiscovered. Element 118 — (Ununoctium) Symbol Uuo. In June 1999 it was announced that Elements 118 and 116 had been discovered at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A lead target was bombarded for more than 10 days with roughly 1 quintillion krypton ions. The team reported that three atoms of Element 118 were made, which quickly decayed into Elements 116, 114, and elements of lower atomic mass. It was said that the isotopes of Element 118 lasted only about 200 milliseconds, while the isotope of Element 116 lasted only 1.2 milliseconds. It was hoped that these elements might be members of “an island of stability, ” which had long been sought. At that time it was hoped that a target of bismuth might be bombarded with krypton ions to make Element 119, which, in turn, would decay into Elements 117, 115, and 113. On July 27, 2001 researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory announced that their discovery of Element 118 was being retracted because workers at the GSI Laboratory in Germany and at Japanese laboratories failed to confirm their results. However, it was reported that different experiments at the Livermore Laboratory and Joint Institute from Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia indicated that Element 116 had since been created. Researchers at the Australian National Laboratory suggest that super-heavy elements may be more difficult to make than previously thought. Their data suggest the best way to encourage fusion in making super-heavy elements is to combine the lightest projectiles possible with the heaviest possible targets. This would minimize a so-called “quasi-fission process” in which a projectile nucleus steals protons and neutrons from a target nucleus. In this process the two nuclei are said to fly apart without ever having actually combined.
The Elements Erbium — (Ytterby, a town in Sweden), Er; at. wt. 167.259(3); at. no. 68; m.p. 1529°C; b.p. 2868°C; sp. gr. 9.066 (25°C); valence 3, Erbium, one of the so-called rare-earth elements of the lanthanide series, is found in the minerals mentioned under dysprosium above. In 1842 Mosander separated “yttria,” found in the mineral gadolinite, into three fractions which he called yttria, erbia, and terbia. The names erbia and terbia became confused in this early period. After 1860, Mosander’s terbia was known as erbia, and after 1877, the earlier known erbia became terbia. The erbia of this period was later shown to consist of five oxides, now known as erbia, scandia, holmia, thulia and ytterbia. By 1905 Urbain and James independently succeeded in isolating fairly pure Er2O3. Klemm and Bommer first produced reasonably pure erbium metal in 1934 by reducing the anhydrous chloride with potassium vapor. The pure metal is soft and malleable and has a bright, silvery, metallic luster. As with other rare-earth metals, its properties depend to a certain extent on the impurities present. The metal is fairly stable in air and does not oxidize as rapidly as some of the other rare-earth metals. Naturally occurring erbium is a mixture of six isotopes, all of which are stable. Twenty-seven radioactive isotopes of erbium are also recognized. Recent production techniques, using ion-exchange reactions, have resulted in much lower prices of the rare-earth metals and their compounds in recent years. The cost of 99.9% erbium metal is about $21/g. Erbium is finding nuclear and metallurgical uses. Added to vanadium, for example, erbium lowers the hardness and improves workability. Most of the rare-earth oxides have sharp absorption bands in the visible, ultraviolet, and near infrared. This property, associated with the electronic structure, gives beautiful pastel colors to many of the rare-earth salts. Erbium oxide gives a pink color and has been used as a colorant in glasses and porcelain enamel glazes. Europium — (Europe), Eu; at. wt. 151.964(1); at. no. 63; m.p. 822°C; b.p. 1596°C; sp. gr. 5.244 (25°C); valence 2 or 3. In 1890 Boisbaudran obtained basic fractions from samarium-gadolinium concentrates that had spark spectral lines not accounted for by samarium or gadolinium. These lines subsequently have been shown to belong to europium. The discovery of europium is generally credited to Demarcay, who separated the rare earth in reasonably pure form in 1901. The pure metal was not isolated until recent years. Europium is now prepared by mixing Eu2O3 with a 10% excess of lanthanum metal and heating the mixture in a tantalum crucible under high vacuum. The element is collected as a silvery-white metallic deposit on the walls of the crucible. As with other rare-earth metals, except for lanthanum, europium ignites in air at about 150 to 180°C. Europium is about as hard as lead and is quite ductile. It is the most reactive of the rare-earth metals, quickly oxidizing in air. It resembles calcium in its reaction with water. Bastnasite and monazite are the principal ores containing europium. Europium has been identified spectroscopically in the sun and certain stars. Europium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are being studied for use in nuclear control applications. Europium oxide is now widely used as a phosphor activator and europium-activated yttrium vanadate is in commercial use as the red phosphor in color TV tubes. Europiumdoped plastic has been used as a laser material. With the development of ion-exchange techniques and special processes, the cost of the metal has been greatly reduced in recent years. Natural europium contains two stable isotopes. Thirty-five other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known. Europium
4-13 is one of the rarest and most costly of the rare-earth metals. It is priced at about $60/g (99.9% pure). Fermium — (Enrico Fermi [1901–1954], nuclear physicist), Fm; at. wt. [257]; at. no. 100; m.p. 1527°C. Fermium, the eighth transuranium element of the actinide series to be discovered, was identified by Ghiorso and co-workers in 1952 in the debris from a thermonuclear explosion in the Pacific in work involving the University of California Radiation Laboratory, the Argonne National Laboratory, and the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. The isotope produced was the 20-hour 255Fm. During 1953 and early 1954, while discovery of elements 99 and 100 was withheld from publication for security reasons, a group from the Nobel Institute of Physics in Stockholm bombarded 238U with 16O ions, and isolated a 30-min α-emitter, which they ascribed to 250100, without claiming discovery of the element. This isotope has since been identified positively, and the 30-min half-life confirmed. The chemical properties of fermium have been studied solely with tracer amounts, and in normal aqueous media only the (III) oxidation state appears to exist. The isotope 254Fm and heavier isotopes can be produced by intense neutron irradiation of lower elements such as plutonium by a process of successive neutron capture interspersed with beta decays until these mass numbers and atomic numbers are reached. Twenty isotopes and isomers of fermium are known to exist. 257Fm, with a half-life of about 100.5 days, is the longest lived. 250Fm, with a half-life of 30 min, has been shown to be a product of decay of Element 254102. It was by chemical identification of 250Fm that production of Element 102 (nobelium) was confirmed. Fermium would probably have chemical properties resembling erbium. Fluorine — (L. and F. fluere, flow, or flux), F; at. wt. 18.9984032(5); at. no. 9; m.p. –219.67°C (1 atm); b.p. –188.12°C (1 atm); tc –129.02°C; density 1.696 g/L (0°C, 1 atm); liq. den. at b.p. 1.50 g/cm3; valence 1. In 1529, Georgius Agricola described the use of fluorspar as a flux, and as early as 1670 Schwandhard found that glass was etched when exposed to fluorspar treated with acid. Scheele and many later investigators, including Davy, Gay-Lussac, Lavoisier, and Thenard, experimented with hydrofluoric acid, some experiments ending in tragedy. The element was finally isolated in 1886 by Moisson after nearly 74 years of continuous effort. Fluorine occurs chiefly in fluorspar (CaF2) and cryolite (Na2AlF6), and is in topaz and other minerals. It is a member of the halogen family of elements, and is obtained by electrolyzing a solution of potassium hydrogen fluoride in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a vessel of metal or transparent fluorspar. Modern commercial production methods are essentially variations on the procedures first used by Moisson. Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements. It is a pale yellow, corrosive gas, which reacts with practically all organic and inorganic substances. Finely divided metals, glass, ceramics, carbon, and even water burn in fluorine with a bright flame. Until World War II, there was no commercial production of elemental fluorine. The atom bomb project and nuclear energy applications, however, made it necessary to produce large quantities. Safe handling techniques have now been developed and it is possible at present to transport liquid fluorine by the ton. Fluorine and its compounds are used in producing uranium (from the hexafluoride) and more than 100 commercial fluorochemicals, including many well-known high-temperature plastics. Hydrofluoric acid is extensively used for etching the glass of light bulbs, etc. Fluorochlorohydrocarbons have been extensively used in air
4-14 conditioning and refrigeration. However, in recent years the U.S. and other countries have been phasing out ozone-depleting substances, such as the fluorochlorohydrocarbons that have been used in these applications. It has been suggested that fluorine might be substituted for hydrogen wherever it occurs in organic compounds, which could lead to an astronomical number of new fluorine compounds. The presence of fluorine as a soluble fluoride in drinking water to the extent of 2 ppm may cause mottled enamel in teeth, when used by children acquiring permanent teeth; in smaller amounts, however, fluorides are said to be beneficial and used in water supplies to prevent dental cavities. Elemental fluorine has been studied as a rocket propellant as it has an exceptionally high specific impulse value. Compounds of fluorine with rare gases have now been confirmed. Fluorides of xenon, radon, and krypton are among those known. Elemental fluorine and the fluoride ion are highly toxic. The free element has a characteristic pungent odor, detectable in concentrations as low as 20 ppb, which is below the safe working level. The recommended maximum allowable concentration for a daily 8-hour time-weighted exposure is 1 ppm. Fluorine is known to have fourteen isotopes. Francium — (France), Fr; at. no. 87; at. wt. [223]; m.p. 27°C; valence 1. Discovered in 1939 by Mlle. Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute, Paris. Francium, the heaviest known member of the alkali metal series, occurs as a result of an alpha disintegration of actinium. It can also be made artificially by bombarding thorium with protons. While it occurs naturally in uranium minerals, there is probably less than an ounce of francium at any time in the total crust of the earth. It has the highest equivalent weight of any element, and is the most unstable of the first 101 elements of the periodic system. Thirtysix isotopes and isomers of francium are recognized. The longest lived 223Fr(Ac, K), a daughter of 227Ac, has a half-life of 21.8 min. This is the only isotope of francium occurring in nature. Because all known isotopes of francium are highly unstable, knowledge of the chemical properties of this element comes from radiochemical techniques. No weighable quantity of the element has been prepared or isolated. The chemical properties of francium most closely resemble cesium. In 1996, researchers Orozco, Sprouse, and co-workers at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, reported that they had produced francium atoms by bombarding 18O atoms at a gold target heated almost to its melting point. Collisions between gold and oxygen nuclei created atoms of francium-210 which had 87 protons and 123 neutrons. This team reported they had generated about 1 million francium-210 ions per second and held 1000 or more atoms at a time for about 20 secs in a magnetic trap they had devised before the atoms decayed or escaped. Enough francium was trapped so that a videocamera could capture the light given off by the atoms as they fluoresced. A cluster of about 10,000 francium atoms appeared as a glowing sphere about 1 mm in diameter. It is thought that the francium atoms could serve as miniature laboratories for probing interactions between electrons and quarks. Gadolinium — (gadolinite, a mineral named for Gadolin, a Finnish chemist), Gd; at. wt. 157.25(3); at. no. 64; m.p. 1313°C; b.p. 3273°C; sp. gr. 7.901 (25°C); valence 3. Gadolinia, the oxide of gadolinium, was separated by Marignac in 1880 and Lecoq de Boisbaudran independently isolated the element from Mosander’s “yttria” in 1886. The element was named for the mineral gadolinite from which this rare earth was originally
The Elements obtained. Gadolinium is found in several other minerals, including monazite and bastnasite, which are of commercial importance. The element has been isolated only in recent years. With the development of ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques, the availability and price of gadolinium and the other rare-earth metals have greatly improved. Thirtyone isotopes and isomers of gadolinium are now recognized; seven are stable and occur naturally. The metal can be prepared by the reduction of the anhydrous fluoride with metallic calcium. As with other related rare-earth metals, it is silvery white, has a metallic luster, and is malleable and ductile. At room temperature, gadolinium crystallizes in the hexagonal, close-packed α form. Upon heating to 1235°C, α gadolinium transforms into the β form, which has a body-centered cubic structure. The metal is relatively stable in dry air, but in moist air it tarnishes with the formation of a loosely adhering oxide film which splits off and exposes more surface to oxidation. The metal reacts slowly with water and is soluble in dilute acid. Gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section of any known element (49,000 barns). Natural gadolinium is a mixture of seven isotopes. Two of these, 155Gd and 157Gd, have excellent capture characteristics, but they are present naturally in low concentrations. As a result, gadolinium has a very fast burnout rate and has limited use as a nuclear control rod material. It has been used in making gadolinium yttrium garnets, which have microwave applications. Compounds of gadolinium are used in making phosphors for color TV tubes. The metal has unusual superconductive properties. As little as 1% gadolinium has been found to improve the workability and resistance of iron, chromium, and related alloys to high temperatures and oxidation. Gadolinium ethyl sulfate has extremely low noise characteristics and may find use in duplicating the performance of amplifiers, such as the maser. The metal is ferromagnetic. Gadolinium is unique for its high magnetic moment and for its special Curie temperature (above which ferromagnetism vanishes) lying just at room temperature. This suggests uses as a magnetic component that senses hot and cold. The price of the metal is about $5/g (99.9% purity). Gallium — (L. Gallia, France), Ga; at. wt. 69.723(1); at. no. 31; m.p. 29.76°C; b.p. 2204°C; sp. gr. 5.904 (29.6°C) solid; sp. gr. 6.095 (29.6°C) liquid; valence 2 or 3. Predicted and described by Mendeleev as ekaaluminum, and discovered spectroscopically by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875, who in the same year obtained the free metal by electrolysis of a solution of the hydroxide in KOH, Gallium is often found as a trace element in diaspore, sphalerite, germanite, bauxite, and coal. Some flue dusts from burning coal have been shown to contain as much as 1.5% gallium. It is the only metal, except for mercury, cesium, and rubidium, which can be liquid near room temperatures; this makes possible its use in high-temperature thermometers. It has one of the longest liquid ranges of any metal and has a low vapor pressure even at high temperatures. There is a strong tendency for gallium to supercool below its freezing point. Therefore, seeding may be necessary to initiate solidification. Ultra-pure gallium has a beautiful, silvery appearance, and the solid metal exhibits a conchoidal fracture similar to glass. The metal expands 3.1% on solidifying; therefore, it should not be stored in glass or metal containers, as they may break as the metal solidifies. Gallium wets glass or porcelain, and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass. It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors. High-purity gallium is attacked slowly only by
The Elements mineral acids. Magnesium gallate containing divalent impurities such as Mn+2 is finding use in commercial ultraviolet activated powder phosphors. Gallium nitride has been used to produce blue light-emitting diodes such as those used in CD and DVD readers. Gallium has found application in the Gallex Detector Experiment located in the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory in Italy. This underground facility has been built by the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare in the middle of a highway tunnel through the Abruzzese mountains, about 150 km east of Rome. In this experiment, 30.3 tons of gallium in the form of 110 tons of GaCl3-HCl solution are being used to detect solar neutrinos. The production of 71Ge from gallium is being measured. Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light. Gallium readily alloys with most metals, and has been used as a component in low melting alloys. Its toxicity appears to be of a low order, but it should be handled with care until more data are forthcoming. Natural gallium contains two stable isotopes. Twenty-six other isotopes, one of which is an isomer, are known. The metal can be supplied in ultrapure form (99.99999+%). The cost is about $5/g (99.999%). Germanium — (L. Germania, Germany), Ge; at. wt. 72.64(2); at. no. 32; m.p. 938.25°C; b.p. 2833°C; sp. gr. 5.323 (25°C); valence 2 and 4. Predicted by Mendeleev in 1871 as ekasilicon, and discovered by Winkler in 1886. The metal is found in argyrodite, a sulfide of germanium and silver; in germanite, which contains 8% of the element; in zinc ores; in coal; and in other minerals. The element is frequently obtained commercially from flue dusts of smelters processing zinc ores, and has been recovered from the by-products of combustion of certain coals. Its presence in coal insures a large reserve of the element in the years to come. Germanium can be separated from other metals by fractional distillation of its volatile tetrachloride. The tetrachloride may then be hydrolyzed to give GeO2; the dioxide can be reduced with hydrogen to give the metal. Recently developed zone-refining techniques permit the production of germanium of ultra-high purity. The element is a gray-white metalloid, and in its pure state is crystalline and brittle, retaining its luster in air at room temperature. It is a very important semiconductor material. Zone-refining techniques have led to production of crystalline germanium for semiconductor use with an impurity of only one part in 1010. Doped with arsenic, gallium, or other elements, it is used as a transistor element in thousands of electronic applications. Its application in fiber optics and infrared optical systems now provides the largest use for germanium. Germanium is also finding many other applications including use as an alloying agent, as a phosphor in fluorescent lamps, and as a catalyst. Germanium and germanium oxide are transparent to the infrared and are used in infrared spectrometers and other optical equipment, including extremely sensitive infrared detectors. Germanium oxide’s high index of refraction and dispersion make it useful as a component of glasses used in wide-angle camera lenses and microscope objectives. The field of organogermanium chemistry is becoming increasingly important. Certain germanium compounds have a low mammalian toxicity, but a marked activity against certain bacteria, which makes them of interest as chemotherapeutic agents. The cost of germanium is about $10/g (99.999% purity). Thirty isotopes and isomers are known, five of which occur naturally. Gold — (Sanskrit Jval; Anglo-Saxon gold), Au (L. aurum, gold); at. wt. 196.966569(4); at. no. 79; m.p. 1064.18°C; b.p. 2856°C;
4-15 sp. gr. ~19.3 (20°C); valence 1 or 3. Known and highly valued from earliest times, gold is found in nature as the free metal and in tellurides; it is very widely distributed and is almost always associated with quartz or pyrite. It occurs in veins and alluvial deposits, and is often separated from rocks and other minerals by sluicing and panning operations. About 25% of the world’s gold output comes from South Africa, and about two thirds of the total U.S. production now comes from South Dakota and Nevada. The metal is recovered from its ores by cyaniding, amalgamating, and smelting processes. Refining is also frequently done by electrolysis. Gold occurs in sea water to the extent of 0.1 to 2 mg/ton, depending on the location where the sample is taken. As yet, no method has been found for recovering gold from sea water profitably. It is estimated that all the gold in the world, so far refined, could be placed in a single cube 60 ft on a side. Of all the elements, gold in its pure state is undoubtedly the most beautiful. It is metallic, having a yellow color when in a mass, but when finely divided it may be black, ruby, or purple. The Purple of Cassius is a delicate test for auric gold. It is the most malleable and ductile metal; 1 oz. of gold can be beaten out to 300 ft2. It is a soft metal and is usually alloyed to give it more strength. It is a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is unaffected by air and most reagents. It is used in coinage and is a standard for monetary systems in many countries. It is also extensively used for jewelry, decoration, dental work, and for plating. It is used for coating certain space satellites, as it is a good reflector of infrared and is inert. Gold, like other precious metals, is measured in troy weight; when alloyed with other metals, the term carat is used to express the amount of gold present, 24 carats being pure gold. For many years the value of gold was set by the U.S. at $20.67/troy ounce; in 1934 this value was fixed by law at $35.00/troy ounce, 9/10th fine. On March 17, 1968, because of a gold crisis, a two-tiered pricing system was established whereby gold was still used to settle international accounts at the old $35.00/troy ounce price while the price of gold on the private market would be allowed to fluctuate. Since this time, the price of gold on the free market has fluctuated widely. The price of gold on the free market reached a price of $620/troy oz. in January 1980. More recently, the U.K. and other nations, including the I.M.F. have sold or threatened to sell a sizeable portion of their gold reserves. This has caused wide fluctuations in the price of gold. Because this has damaged the economy of some countries, a moratorium for a few years has been declared. This has tended to stabilize temporarily the price of gold. The most common gold compounds are auric chloride (AuCl3) and chlorauric acid (HAuCl4), the latter being used in photography for toning the silver image. Gold has forty-eight recognized isotopes and isomers; 198Au, with a half-life of 2.7 days, is used for treating cancer and other diseases. Disodium aurothiomalate is administered intramuscularly as a treatment for arthritis. A mixture of one part nitric acid with three of hydrochloric acid is called aqua regia (because it dissolved gold, the King of Metals). Gold is available commercially with a purity of 99.999+%. For many years the temperature assigned to the freezing point of gold has been 1063.0°C; this has served as a calibration point for the International Temperature Scales (ITS-27 and ITS-48) and the International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS-48). In 1968, a new International Practical Temperature Scale (IPTS68) was adopted, which demanded that the freezing point of gold be changed to 1064.43°C. In 1990 a new International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) was adopted bringing the t.p.
4-16 (triple point) of H2O (t90 (°C)) to 0.01°C and the freezing point of gold to 1064.18°C. The specific gravity of gold has been found to vary considerably depending on temperature, how the metal is precipitated, and cold-worked. As of December 2001, gold was priced at about $275/troy oz. ($8.50/g). Hafnium — (Hafnia, Latin name for Copenhagen), Hf; at. wt. 178.49(2); at. no. 72; m.p. 2233°C; b.p. 4603°C; sp. gr. 13.31 (20°C); valence 4. Hafnium was thought to be present in various minerals and concentrations many years prior to its discovery, in 1923, credited to D. Coster and G. von Hevesey. On the basis of the Bohr theory, the new element was expected to be associated with zirconium. It was finally identified in zircon from Norway, by means of X-ray spectroscopic analysis. It was named in honor of the city in which the discovery was made. Most zirconium minerals contain 1 to 5% hafnium. It was originally separated from zirconium by repeated recrystallization of the double ammonium or potassium fluorides by von Hevesey and Jantzen. Metallic hafnium was first prepared by van Arkel and deBoer by passing the vapor of the tetraiodide over a heated tungsten filament. Almost all hafnium metal now produced is made by reducing the tetrachloride with magnesium or with sodium (Kroll Process). Hafnium is a ductile metal with a brilliant silver luster. Its properties are considerably influenced by the impurities of zirconium present. Of all the elements, zirconium and hafnium are two of the most difficult to separate. Their chemistry is almost identical; however, the density of zirconium is about half that of hafnium. Very pure hafnium has been produced, with zirconium being the major impurity. Natural hafnium contains six isotopes, one of which is slightly radioactive. Hafnium has a total of 41 recognized isotopes and isomers. Because hafnium has a good absorption cross section for thermal neutrons (almost 600 times that of zirconium), has excellent mechanical properties, and is extremely corrosion resistant, it is used for reactor control rods. Such rods are used in nuclear submarines. Hafnium has been successfully alloyed with iron, titanium, niobium, tantalum, and other metals. Hafnium carbide is the most refractory binary composition known, and the nitride is the most refractory of all known metal nitrides (m.p. 3310°C). Hafnium is used in gas-filled and incandescent lamps, and is an efficient “getter” for scavenging oxygen and nitrogen. Finely divided hafnium is pyrophoric and can ignite spontaneously in air. Care should be taken when machining the metal or when handling hot sponge hafnium. At 700°C hafnium rapidly absorbs hydrogen to form the composition HfH1.86. Hafnium is resistant to concentrated alkalis, but at elevated temperatures reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, boron, sulfur, and silicon. Halogens react directly to form tetrahalides. The price of the metal is about $2/g. The yearly demand for hafnium in the U.S. is now in excess of 50,000 kg. Hahnium — A name previously used for Element 105, now named dubnium. Hassium — (named for the German state, Hesse) Hs; at. wt. [277]; at. no. 108. This element was first synthesized and identified in 1964 by the same G.S.I. Darmstadt Group who first identified Bohrium and Meitnerium. Presumably this element has chemical properties similar to osmium. Isotope 265108 was produced using a beam of 58Fe projectiles, produced by the Universal Linear Accelerator (UNILAC) to bombard a 208Pb target. Discovery of Bohrium and Meitnerium was made using detection of isotopes with odd proton and neutron numbers.
The Elements Elements having even atomic numbers have been thought to be less stable against spontaneous fusion than odd elements. The production of 265108 in the same reaction as was used at G.S.I. was confirmed at Dubna with detection of the seventh member of the decay chain 253Es. Isotopes of Hassium are believed to decay by spontaneous fission, explaining why 109 was produced before 108. Isotope 265108 and 266108 are thought to decay to 261106, which in turn decay to 257104 and 253102. The IUPAC adopted the name Hassium after the German state of Hesse in September 1997. In June 2001 it was announced that hassium is now the heaviest element to have its chemical properties analyzed. A research team at the UNILAC heavyion accelerator in Darmstadt, Germany built an instrument to detect and analyze hassium. Atoms of curium-248 were collided with atoms of magnesium-26, producing about 6 atoms of hassium with a half-life of 9 sec. This was sufficiently long to obtain data showing that hassium atoms react with oxygen to form hassium oxide molecules. These condensed at a temperature consistent with the behavior of Group 8 elements. This experiment appears to confirm hassium’s location under osmium in the periodic table. Helium — (Gr. helios, the sun), He; at. wt. 4.002602(2); at. no. 2; b.p. — 268.93°C; tc –267.96°C; density 0.1785 g/L (0°C, 1 atm); liquid density 0.125 g/mL at. b.p.; valence usually 0. Evidence of the existence of helium was first obtained by Janssen during the solar eclipse of 1868 when he detected a new line in the solar spectrum; Lockyer and Frankland suggested the name helium for the new element; in 1895, Ramsay discovered helium in the uranium mineral cleveite, and it was independently discovered in cleveite by the Swedish chemists Cleve and Langlet about the same time. Rutherford and Royds in 1907 demonstrated that α particles are helium nuclei. Except for hydrogen, helium is the most abundant element found throughout the universe. Helium is extracted from natural gas; all natural gas contains at least trace quantities of helium. It has been detected spectroscopically in great abundance, especially in the hotter stars, and it is an important component in both the proton–proton reaction and the carbon cycle, which account for the energy of the sun and stars. The fusion of hydrogen into helium provides the energy of the hydrogen bomb. The helium content of the atmosphere is about 1 part in 200,000. It is present in various radioactive minerals as a decay product. Much of the world’s supply of helium is obtained from wells in Texas, Colorado, and Kansas. The only other known helium extraction plants, outside the United States, in 1999 were in Poland, Russia, China, Algeria, and India. The cost of helium has fallen from $2500/ft3 in 1915 to about 2.5¢/cu.ft. (.028 cu meters) in 1999. Helium has the lowest melting point of any element and has found wide use in cryogenic research, as its boiling point is close to absolute zero. Its use in the study of superconductivity is vital. Using liquid helium, Kurti and co-workers, and others, have succeeded in obtaining temperatures of a few microkelvins by the adiabatic demagnetization of copper nuclei, starting from about 0.01 K. Liquid helium (He4) exists in two forms: He4I and He4II, with a sharp transition point at 2.174 K (3.83 cm Hg). He4I (above this temperature) is a normal liquid, but He4II (below it) is unlike any other known substance. It expands on cooling; its conductivity for heat is enormous; and neither its heat conduction nor viscosity obeys normal rules. It has other peculiar properties. Helium is the only liquid that cannot be solidified by lowering the temperature. It remains liquid down to absolute zero at ordinary pressures, but it can readily be solidified by increasing
The Elements the pressure. Solid 3He and 4He are unusual in that both can readily be changed in volume by more than 30% by application of pressure. The specific heat of helium gas is unusually high. The density of helium vapor at the normal boiling point is also very high, with the vapor expanding greatly when heated to room temperature. Containers filled with helium gas at 5 to 10 K should be treated as though they contained liquid helium due to the large increase in pressure resulting from warming the gas to room temperature. While helium normally has a 0 valence, it seems to have a weak tendency to combine with certain other elements. Means of preparing helium diflouride have been studied, and species such as HeNe and the molecular ions He+ and He++ have been investigated. Helium is widely used as an inert gas shield for arc welding; as a protective gas in growing silicon and germanium crystals, and in titanium and zirconium production; as a cooling medium for nuclear reactors, and as a gas for supersonic wind tunnels. A mixture of helium and oxygen is used as an artificial atmosphere for divers and others working under pressure. Different ratios of He/O2 are used for different depths at which the diver is operating. Helium is extensively used for filling balloons as it is a much safer gas than hydrogen. One of the recent largest uses for helium has been for pressurizing liquid fuel rockets. A Saturn booster such as used on the Apollo lunar missions required about 13 million ft3 of helium for a firing, plus more for checkouts. Liquid helium’s use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continues to increase as the medical profession accepts and develops new uses for the equipment. This equipment is providing accurate diagnoses of problems where exploratory surgery has previously been required to determine problems. Another medical application that is being developed uses MRI to determine by blood analysis whether a patient has any form of cancer. Lifting gas applications are increasing. Various companies in addition to Goodyear, are now using “blimps” for advertising. The Navy and the Air Force are investigating the use of airships to provide early warning systems to detect low-flying cruise missiles. The Drug Enforcement Agency has used radar-equipped blimps to detect drug smugglers along the southern border of the U.S. In addition, NASA is currently using helium-filled balloons to sample the atmosphere in Antarctica to determine what is depleting the ozone layer that protects Earth from harmful U.V. radiation. Research on and development of materials which become superconductive at temperatures well above the boiling point of helium could have a major impact on the demand for helium. Less costly refrigerants having boiling points considerably higher could replace the present need to cool such superconductive materials to the boiling point of helium. Natural helium contains two stable isotopes 3He and 4He. 3He is present in very small quantities. Six other isotopes of helium are now recognized. Holmium — (L. Holmia, for Stockholm), Ho; at. wt. 164.93032(2); at. no 67; m.p. 1472°C; b.p. 2700°C; sp. gr. 8.795 (25°C); valence + 3. The spectral absorption bands of holmium were noticed in 1878 by the Swiss chemists Delafontaine and Soret, who announced the existence of an “Element X.” Cleve, of Sweden, later independently discovered the element while working on erbia earth. The element is named after Cleve’s native city. Pure holmia, the yellow oxide, was prepared by Homberg in 1911. Holmium occurs in gadolinite, monazite, and in other rare-earth minerals. It is commercially obtained from monazite, occurring in that mineral to the extent of about 0.05%. It has been isolated by the reduction of its anhydrous chloride or fluoride with calcium metal. Pure holmium has a metallic
4-17 to bright silver luster. It is relatively soft and malleable, and is stable in dry air at room temperature, but rapidly oxidizes in moist air and at elevated temperatures. The metal has unusual magnetic properties. Few uses have yet been found for the element. The element, as with other rare earths, seems to have a low acute toxic rating. Natural holmium consists of one isotope 165Ho, which is not radioactive. Holmium has 49 other isotopes known, all of which are radioactive. The price of 99.9% holmium metal is about $20/g. Hydrogen — (Gr. hydro, water, and genes, forming), H; at. wt. 1.00794(7); at. no. 1; m.p. –259.1°C; b.p. –252.76°C; tc –240.18; density 0.08988 g/L; density (liquid) 0.0708 g/mL (–253°C); density (solid) 0.0706 g/mL (–262°C); valence 1. Hydrogen was prepared many years before it was recognized as a distinct substance by Cavendish in 1766. It was named by Lavoisier. Hydrogen is the most abundant of all elements in the universe, and it is thought that the heavier elements were, and still are, being built from hydrogen and helium. It has been estimated that hydrogen makes up more than 90% of all the atoms or three quarters of the mass of the universe. It is found in the sun and most stars, and plays an important part in the proton– proton reaction and carbon–nitrogen cycle, which accounts for the energy of the sun and stars. It is thought that hydrogen is a major component of the planet Jupiter and that at some depth in the planet’s interior the pressure is so great that solid molecular hydrogen is converted into solid metallic hydrogen. In 1973, it was reported that a group of Russian experimenters may have produced metallic hydrogen at a pressure of 2.8 Mbar. At the transition the density changed from 1.08 to 1.3 g/cm3. Earlier, in 1972, a Livermore (California) group also reported on a similar experiment in which they observed a pressure-volume point centered at 2 Mbar. It has been predicted that metallic hydrogen may be metastable; others have predicted it would be a superconductor at room temperature. On Earth, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combination with oxygen in water, but it is also present in organic matter such as living plants, petroleum, coal, etc. It is present as the free element in the atmosphere, but only to the extent of less than 1 ppm by volume. It is the lightest of all gases, and combines with other elements, sometimes explosively, to form compounds. Great quantities of hydrogen are required commercially for the fixation of nitrogen from the air in the Haber ammonia process and for the hydrogenation of fats and oils. It is also used in large quantities in methanol production, in hydrodealkylation, hydrocracking, and hydrodesulfurization. It is also used as a rocket fuel, for welding, for production of hydrochloric acid, for the reduction of metallic ores, and for filling balloons. The lifting power of 1 ft3 of hydrogen gas is about 0.076 lb at 0°C, 760 mm pressure. Production of hydrogen in the U.S. alone now amounts to about 3 billion cubic feet per year. It is prepared by the action of steam on heated carbon, by decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat, by the electrolysis of water, or by the displacement from acids by certain metals. It is also produced by the action of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum. Liquid hydrogen is important in cryogenics and in the study of superconductivity, as its melting point is only a 20°C above absolute zero. Hydrogen consists of three isotopes, most of which is 1H. The ordinary isotope of hydrogen, H, is known as protium. In 1932, Urey announced the discovery of a stable isotope, deuterium (2H or D) with an atomic weight of 2. Deuterium is present in natural hydrogen to the extent of 0.015%. Two years later an unstable isotope, tritium (3H), with an atomic weight of 3 was discovered. Tritium has a half-life
4-18 of about 12.32 years. Tritium atoms are also present in natural hydrogen but in a much smaller proportion. Tritium is readily produced in nuclear reactors and is used in the production of the hydrogen bomb. It is also used as a radioactive agent in making luminous paints, and as a tracer. On August 27, 2001 Russian, French, and Japanese physicists working at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research near Moscow reported they had made “super-heavy hydrogen,” which had a nucleus with one proton and four neutrons. Using an accelerator, they used a beam of helium-6 nuclei to strike a hydrogen target, which resulted in the occasional production of a hydrogen-5 nucleus plus a helium-2 nucleus. These unstable particles quickly disintegrated. This resulted in two protons from the He-2, a triton, and two neutrons from the H-5 breakup. Deuterium gas is readily available, without permit, at about $1/l. Heavy water, deuterium oxide (D2O), which is used as a moderator to slow down neutrons, is available without permit at a cost of 6c to $1/g, depending on quantity and purity. About 1000 tons (4,400,000 kg) of deuterium oxide (heavy water) are now in use at the Sudbury (Ontario) Neutrino Observatory. This observatory is taking data to provide new revolutionary insight into the properties of neutrinos and into the core of the sun. The heavy water is on loan from Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. (AECL). The observatory and detectors are located 6800 ft (2072 m) deep in the Creighton mine of the International Nickel Co., near Sudbury. The heavy water is contained in an acrylic vessel, 12 m in diameter. Neutrinos react with the heavy water to produce Cherenkov radiation. This light is then detected with 9600 photomultiplier tubes surrounding the vessel. The detector laboratory is immensely clean to reduce background radiation, which otherwise hides the very weak signals from neutrinos. Quite apart from isotopes, it has been shown that hydrogen gas under ordinary conditions is a mixture of two kinds of molecules, known as ortho- and parahydrogen, which differ from one another by the spins of their electrons and nuclei. Normal hydrogen at room temperature contains 25% of the para form and 75% of the ortho form. The ortho form cannot be prepared in the pure state. Since the two forms differ in energy, the physical properties also differ. The melting and boiling points of parahydrogen are about 0.1°C lower than those of normal hydrogen. Consideration is being given to an entire economy based on solar- and nuclear-generated hydrogen. Located in remote regions, power plants would electrolyze sea water; the hydrogen produced would travel to distant cities by pipelines. Pollution-free hydrogen could replace natural gas, gasoline, etc., and could serve as a reducing agent in metallurgy, chemical processing, refining, etc. It could also be used to convert trash into methane and ethylene. Public acceptance, high capital investment, and the high present cost of hydrogen with respect to current fuels are but a few of the problems facing establishment of such an economy. Hydrogen is being investigated as a substitute for deep-sea diving applications below 300 m. Hydrogen is readily available from air product suppliers. Indium — (from the brilliant indigo line in its spectrum), In; at. wt. 114.818(3); at. no. 49; m.p. 156.60°C; b.p. 2072°C; sp. gr. 7.31 (20°C); valence 1, 2, or 3. Discovered by Reich and Richter, who later isolated the metal. Indium is most frequently associated with zinc materials, and it is from these that most commercial indium is now obtained; however, it is also found in iron, lead, and copper ores. Until 1924, a gram or so constituted the world’s supply of this element in isolated form. It is probably about as abundant as silver. About 4 million troy ounces of
The Elements indium are now produced annually in the Free World. Canada is presently producing more than 1,000,000 troy ounces annually. The present cost of indium is about $2 to $10/g, depending on quantity and purity. It is available in ultrapure form. Indium is a very soft, silvery-white metal with a brilliant luster. The pure metal gives a high-pitched “cry” when bent. It wets glass, as does gallium. It has found application in making low-melting alloys; an alloy of 24% indium–76% gallium is liquid at room temperature. Indium is used in making bearing alloys, germanium transistors, rectifiers, thermistors, liquid crystal displays, high definition television, batteries, and photoconductors. It can be plated onto metal and evaporated onto glass, forming a mirror as good as that made with silver but with more resistance to atmospheric corrosion. There is evidence that indium has a low order of toxicity; however, care should be taken until further information is available. Seventy isotopes and isomers are now recognized (more than any other element). Natural indium contains two isotopes. One is stable. The other, 115In, comprising 95.71% of natural indium is slightly radioactive with a very long half-life. Iodine — (Gr. iodes, violet), I; at. wt. 126.90447(3); at. no. 53; m.p. 113.7°C; b.p. 184.4°C; tc 546°C; density of the gas 11.27 g/L; sp. gr. solid 4.93 (20°C); valence 1, 3, 5, or 7. Discovered by Courtois in 1811. Iodine, a halogen, occurs sparingly in the form of iodides in sea water from which it is assimilated by seaweeds, in Chilean saltpeter and nitrate-bearing earth, known as caliche in brines from old sea deposits, and in brackish waters from oil and salt wells. Ultrapure iodine can be obtained from the reaction of potassium iodide with copper sulfate. Several other methods of isolating the element are known. Iodine is a bluish-black, lustrous solid, volatilizing at ordinary temperatures into a blue-violet gas with an irritating odor; it forms compounds with many elements, but is less active than the other halogens, which displace it from iodides. Iodine exhibits some metallic-like properties. It dissolves readily in chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, or carbon disulfide to form beautiful purple solutions. It is only slightly soluble in water. Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Forty-two isotopes and isomers are recognized. Only one stable isotope, 127I, is found in nature. The artificial radioisotope 131I, with a half-life of 8 days, has been used in treating the thyroid gland. The most common compounds are the iodides of sodium and potassium (KI) and the iodates (KIO3). Lack of iodine is the cause of goiter. Iodides and thyroxin, which contains iodine, are used internally in medicine, and a solution of KI and iodine in alcohol is used for external wounds. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element. Care should be taken in handling and using iodine, as contact with the skin can cause lesions; iodine vapor is intensely irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Elemental iodine costs about 25 to 75¢/g depending on purity and quantity. Iridium — (L. iris, rainbow), Ir; at. wt. 192.217(3); at. no. 77; m.p. 2446°C; b.p. 4428°C; sp. gr. 22.562 (20°C); valence 3 or 4. Discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia. The name iridium is appropriate, for its salts are highly colored. Iridium, a metal of the platinum family, is white, similar to platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast. It is very hard and brittle, making it very hard to machine, form, or work. It is the most corrosion-resistant metal known, and was used in making the standard meter
The Elements bar of Paris, which is a 90% platinum–10% iridium alloy. This meter bar was replaced in 1960 as a fundamental unit of length (see under Krypton). Iridium is not attacked by any of the acids nor by aqua regia, but is attacked by molten salts, such as NaCl and NaCN. Iridium occurs uncombined in nature with platinum and other metals of this family in alluvial deposits. It is recovered as a by-product from the nickel mining industry. The largest reserves and production of the platinum group of metals, which includes iridium, is in South Africa, followed by Russia and Canada. The U.S. has only one active mine, located at Nye, MT. The presence of iridium has recently been used in examining the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary. Meteorites contain small amounts of iridium. Because iridium is found widely distributed at the K-T boundary, it has been suggested that a large meteorite or asteroid collided with the Earth, killing the dinosaurs, and creating a large dust cloud and crater. Searches for such a crater point to one in the Yucatan, known as Chicxulub. Iridium has found use in making crucibles and apparatus for use at high temperatures. It is also used for electrical contacts. Its principal use is as a hardening agent for platinum. With osmium, it forms an alloy that is used for tipping pens and compass bearings. The specific gravity of iridium is only very slightly lower than that of osmium, which has been generally credited as being the heaviest known element. Calculations of the densities of iridium and osmium from the space lattices give values of 22.65 and 22.61 g/cm3, respectively. These values may be more reliable than actual physical measurements. At present, therefore, we know that either iridium or osmium is the densest known element, but the data do not yet allow selection between the two. Natural iridium contains two stable isotopes. Forty-five other isotopes, all radioactive, are now recognized. Iridium (99.9%) costs about $100/g. Iron — (Anglo-Saxon, iron), Fe (L. ferrum); at. wt. 55.845(2); at. no. 26; m.p. 1538°C; b.p. 2861°C; sp. gr. 7.874 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4, or 6. The use of iron is prehistoric. Genesis mentions that Tubal-Cain, seven generations from Adam, was “an instructor of every artificer in brass and iron.” A remarkable iron pillar, dating to about A.D. 400, remains standing today in Delhi, India. This solid shaft of wrought iron is about 7¼ m high by 40 cm in diameter. Corrosion to the pillar has been minimal although it has been exposed to the weather since its erection. Iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe. It is found in the sun and many types of stars in considerable quantity. It has been suggested that the iron we have here on Earth may have originated in a supernova. Iron is a very difficult element to produce in ordinary nuclear reactions, such as would take place in the sun. Iron is found native as a principal component of a class of iron–nickel meteorites known as siderites, and is a minor constituent of the other two classes of meteorites. The core of the Earth, 2150 miles in radius, is thought to be largely composed of iron with about 10% occluded hydrogen. The metal is the fourth most abundant element, by weight, making up the crust of the Earth. The most common ore is hematite (Fe2O3). Magnetite (Fe3O4) is frequently seen as black sands along beaches and banks of streams. Lodestone is another form of magnetite. Taconite is becoming increasingly important as a commercial ore. Iron is a vital constituent of plant and animal life, and appears in hemoglobin. The pure metal is not often encountered in commerce, but is usually alloyed with carbon or other metals. The pure metal is very reactive chemically, and rapidly corrodes, especially in moist air or at elevated temperatures. It has four allotropic forms,
4-19 or ferrites, known as α, β, γ, and δ, with transition points at 700, 928, and 1530°C. The α form is magnetic, but when transformed into the β form, the magnetism disappears although the lattice remains unchanged. The relations of these forms are peculiar. Pig iron is an alloy containing about 3% carbon with varying amounts of S, Si, Mn, and P. It is hard, brittle, fairly fusible, and is used to produce other alloys, including steel. Wrought iron contains only a few tenths of a percent of carbon, is tough, malleable, less fusible, and usually has a “fibrous” structure. Carbon steel is an alloy of iron with carbon, with small amounts of Mn, S, P, and Si. Alloy steels are carbon steels with other additives such as nickel, chromium, vanadium, etc. Iron is the cheapest and most abundant, useful, and important of all metals. Natural iron contains four isotopes. Twenty-six other isotopes and isomers, all radioactive, are now recognized. Krypton — (Gr. kryptos, hidden), Kr; at. wt. 83.798(2); at. no. 36; m.p. –157.36°C; b.p. –153.34 ± 0.10°C; tc –63.67°C; density 3.733 g/L (0°C); valence usually 0. Discovered in 1898 by Ramsay and Travers in the residue left after liquid air had nearly boiled away, krypton is present in the air to the extent of about 1 ppm. The atmosphere of Mars has been found to contain 0.3 ppm of krypton. It is one of the “noble” gases. It is characterized by its brilliant green and orange spectral lines. Naturally occurring krypton contains six stable isotopes. Thirty other unstable isotopes and isomers are now recognized. The spectral lines of krypton are easily produced and some are very sharp. In 1960 it was internationally agreed that the fundamental unit of length, the meter, should be defined in terms of the orange-red spectral line of 86Kr. This replaced the standard meter of Paris, which was defined in terms of a bar made of a platinum-iridium alloy. In October 1983 the meter was again redefined by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures as being the length of path traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. Solid krypton is a white crystalline substance with a face-centered cubic structure that is common to all the rare gases. While krypton is generally thought of as a noble gas that normally does not combine with other elements, the existence of some krypton compounds has been established. Krypton difluoride has been prepared in gram quantities and can be made by several methods. A higher fluoride of krypton and a salt of an oxyacid of krypton also have been prepared. Molecule-ions of ArKr+ and KrH+ have been identified and investigated, and evidence is provided for the formation of KrXe or KrXe+. Krypton clathrates have been prepared with hydroquinone and phenol. 85Kr has found recent application in chemical analysis. By imbedding the isotope in various solids, kryptonates are formed. The activity of these kryptonates is sensitive to chemical reactions at the surface. Estimates of the concentration of reactants are therefore made possible. Krypton is used in certain photographic flash lamps for highspeed photography. Uses thus far have been limited because of its high cost. Krypton gas presently costs about $690/100 L. Kurchatovium — See Rutherfordium. Lanthanum — (Gr. lanthanein, to lie hidden), La; at. wt. 138.90547(7); at. no. 57; m.p. 920°C; b.p. 3464°C; sp. gr. 6.145 (25°C); valence 3. Mosander in 1839 extracted a new earth lanthana, from impure cerium nitrate, and recognized the new element. Lanthanum is found in rare-earth minerals such as cerite, monazite, allanite, and bastnasite. Monazite and bastnasite are principal ores in which lanthanum occurs
4-20 in percentages up to 25 and 38%, respectively. Misch metal, used in making lighter flints, contains about 25% lanthanum. Lanthanum was isolated in relatively pure form in 1923. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques have led to much easier isolation of the so-called “rare-earth” elements. The availability of lanthanum and other rare earths has improved greatly in recent years. The metal can be produced by reducing the anhydrous fluoride with calcium. Lanthanum is silvery white, malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is one of the most reactive of the rare-earth metals. It oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air. Cold water attacks lanthanum slowly, and hot water attacks it much more rapidly. The metal reacts directly with elemental carbon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and with halogens. At 310°C, lanthanum changes from a hexagonal to a face-centered cubic structure, and at 865°C it again transforms into a body-centered cubic structure. Natural lanthanum is a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is stable and one of which is radioactive with a very long halflife. Thirty other radioactive isotopes are recognized. Rareearth compounds containing lanthanum are extensively used in carbon lighting applications, especially by the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projection. This application consumes about 25% of the rare-earth compounds produced. La2O3 improves the alkali resistance of glass, and is used in making special optical glasses. Small amounts of lanthanum, as an additive, can be used to produce nodular cast iron. There is current interest in hydrogen sponge alloys containing lanthanum. These alloys take up to 400 times their own volume of hydrogen gas, and the process is reversible. Heat energy is released every time they do so; therefore these alloys have possibilities in energy conservation systems. Lanthanum and its compounds have a low to moderate acute toxicity rating; therefore, care should be taken in handling them. The metal costs about $2/g (99.9%). Lawrencium — (Ernest O. Lawrence [1901–1958], inventor of the cyclotron), Lr; at. no. 103; at. mass no. [262]; valence + 3(?). This member of the 5f transition elements (actinide series) was discovered in March 1961 by A. Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, A. E. Larsh, and R. M. Latimer. A 3-µg californium target, consisting of a mixture of isotopes of mass number 249, 250, 251, and 252, was bombarded with either 10 B or 11B. The electrically charged transmutation nuclei recoiled with an atmosphere of helium and were collected on a thin copper conveyor tape which was then moved to place collected atoms in front of a series of solid-state detectors. The isotope of element 103 produced in this way decayed by emitting an 8.6-MeV alpha particle with a half-life of 8 s. In 1967, Flerov and associates of the Dubna Laboratory reported their inability to detect an alpha emitter with a half-life of 8 s which was assigned by the Berkeley group to 257 103. This assignment has been changed to 258Lr or 259Lr. In 1965, the Dubna workers found a longer-lived lawrencium isotope, 256Lr, with a half-life of 35 s. In 1968, Ghiorso and associates at Berkeley were able to use a few atoms of this isotope to study the oxidation behavior of lawrencium. Using solvent extraction techniques and working very rapidly, they extracted lawrencium ions from a buffered aqueous solution into an organic solvent, completing each extraction in about 30 s. It was found that lawrencium behaves differently from dipositive nobelium and more like the tripositive elements earlier in the actinide series. Ten isotopes of lawrencium are now recognized.
The Elements Lead — (Anglo-Saxon lead), Pb (L. plumbum); at. wt. 207.2(1); at. no. 82; m.p. 327.46°C; b.p. 1749°C; sp. gr. 11.35 (20°C); valence 2 or 4. Long known, mentioned in Exodus. The alchemists believed lead to be the oldest metal and associated it with the planet Saturn. Native lead occurs in nature, but it is rare. Lead is obtained chiefly from galena (PbS) by a roasting process. Anglesite (PbSO4), cerussite (PbCO3), and minim (Pb3O4) are other common lead minerals. Lead is a bluish-white metal of bright luster, is very soft, highly malleable, ductile, and a poor conductor of electricity. It is very resistant to corrosion; lead pipes bearing the insignia of Roman emperors, used as drains from the baths, are still in service. It is used in containers for corrosive liquids (such as sulfuric acid) and may be toughened by the addition of a small percentage of antimony or other metals. Natural lead is a mixture of four stable isotopes: 204Pb (1.4%), 206Pb (24.1%), 207Pb (22.1%), and 208Pb (52.4%). Lead isotopes are the end products of each of the three series of naturally occurring radioactive elements: 206Pb for the uranium series, 207Pb for the actinium series, and 208Pb for the thorium series. Forty-three other isotopes of lead, all of which are radioactive, are recognized. Its alloys include solder, type metal, and various antifriction metals. Great quantities of lead, both as the metal and as the dioxide, are used in storage batteries. Lead is also used for cable covering, plumbing, and ammunition. The metal is very effective as a sound absorber, is used as a radiation shield around X-ray equipment and nuclear reactors, and is used to absorb vibration. Lead, alloyed with tin, is used in making organ pipes. White lead, the basic carbonate, sublimed white lead (PbSO4), chrome yellow (PbCrO4), red lead (Pb3O4), and other lead compounds are used extensively in paints, although in recent years the use of lead in paints has been drastically curtailed to eliminate or reduce health hazards. Lead oxide is used in producing fine “crystal glass” and “flint glass” of a high index of refraction for achromatic lenses. The nitrate and the acetate are soluble salts. Lead salts such as lead arsenate have been used as insecticides, but their use in recent years has been practically eliminated in favor of less harmful organic compounds. Care must be used in handling lead as it is a cumulative poison. Environmental concern with lead poisoning led to elimination of lead tetraethyl in gasoline. The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has recommended that industries limit airborne lead to 50 µg/cu. meter. Lead is priced at about 90¢/kg (99.9%). Lithium — (Gr. lithos, stone), Li; at. wt. 6.941(2); at. no. 3; m.p. 180.5°C; b.p. 1342°C; sp. gr. 0.534 (20°C); valence 1. Discovered by Arfvedson in 1817. Lithium is the lightest of all metals, with a density only about half that of water. It does not occur free in nature; combined it is found in small amounts in nearly all igneous rocks and in the waters of many mineral springs. Lepidolite, spodumene, petalite, and amblygonite are the more important minerals containing it. Lithium is presently being recovered from brines of Searles Lake, in California, and from Nevada, Chile, and Argentina. Large deposits of spodumene are found in North Carolina. The metal is produced electrolytically from the fused chloride. Lithium is silvery in appearance, much like Na and K, other members of the alkali metal series. It reacts with water, but not as vigorously as sodium. Lithium imparts a beautiful crimson color to a flame, but when the metal burns strongly the flame is a dazzling white. Since World War II, the production of lithium metal and its compounds has increased greatly. Because the metal has the highest specific heat of any solid element, it has found use in heat transfer applications; however, it is corrosive and re-
The Elements quires special handling. The metal has been used as an alloying agent, is of interest in synthesis of organic compounds, and has nuclear applications. It ranks as a leading contender as a battery anode material because it has a high electrochemical potential. Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics. The glass for the 200-inch telescope at Mt. Palomar contains lithium as a minor ingredient. Lithium chloride is one of the most hygroscopic materials known, and it, as well as lithium bromide, is used in air conditioning and industrial drying systems. Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and hightemperature lubricant. Other lithium compounds are used in dry cells and storage batteries. Seven isotopes of lithium are recognized. Natural lithium contains two isotopes. The metal is priced at about $1.50/g (99.9%). Lutetium — (Lutetia, ancient name for Paris, sometimes called cassiopeium by the Germans), Lu; at. wt. 174.967(1); at. no. 71; m.p. 1663°C; b.p. 3402°C; sp. gr. 9.841 (25°C); valence 3. In 1907, Urbain described a process by which Marignac’s ytterbium (1879) could be separated into the two elements, ytterbium (neoytterbium) and lutetium. These elements were identical with “aldebaranium” and “cassiopeium,” independently discovered by von Welsbach about the same time. Charles James of the University of New Hampshire also independently prepared the very pure oxide, lutecia, at this time. The spelling of the element was changed from lutecium to lutetium in 1949. Lutetium occurs in very small amounts in nearly all minerals containing yttrium, and is present in monazite to the extent of about 0.003%, which is a commercial source. The pure metal has been isolated only in recent years and is one of the most difficult to prepare. It can be prepared by the reduction of anhydrous LuCl3 or LuF3 by an alkali or alkaline earth metal. The metal is silvery white and relatively stable in air. While new techniques, including ion-exchange reactions, have been developed to separate the various rare-earth elements, lutetium is still the most costly of all rare earths. It is priced at about $100/g (99.9%). 176Lu occurs naturally (97.41%) with 175Lu (2.59%), which is radioactive with a very long half-life of about 4 × 1010 years. Lutetium has 50 isotopes and isomers that are now recognized. Stable lutetium nuclides, which emit pure beta radiation after thermal neutron activation, can be used as catalysts in cracking, alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization. Virtually no other commercial uses have been found yet for lutetium. While lutetium, like other rare-earth metals, is thought to have a low toxicity rating, it should be handled with care until more information is available. Magnesium — (Magnesia, district in Thessaly) Mg; at. wt. 24.3050(6); at. no. 12; m.p. 650°C; b.p. 1090°C; sp. gr. 1.738 (20°C); valence 2. Compounds of magnesium have long been known. Black recognized magnesium as an element in 1755. It was isolated by Davy in 1808, and prepared in coherent form by Bussy in 1831. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It does not occur uncombined, but is found in large deposits in the form of magnesite, dolomite, and other minerals. The metal is now principally obtained in the U.S. by electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride derived from brines, wells, and sea water. Magnesium is a light, silvery-white, and fairly tough metal. It tarnishes slightly in air, and finely divided magnesium readily ignites upon heating in air and burns with a dazzling white flame. It is used in flashlight photography, flares, and pyrotechnics, including incendiary bombs. It is one third lighter than aluminum, and in alloys is essential for airplane and missile
4-21 construction. The metal improves the mechanical, fabrication, and welding characteristics of aluminum when used as an alloying agent. Magnesium is used in producing nodular graphite in cast iron, and is used as an additive to conventional propellants. It is also used as a reducing agent in the production of pure uranium and other metals from their salts. The hydroxide (milk of magnesia), chloride, sulfate (Epsom salts), and citrate are used in medicine. Dead-burned magnesite is employed for refractory purposes such as brick and liners in furnaces and converters. Calcined magnesia is also used for water treatment and in the manufacture of rubber, paper, etc. Organic magnesium compounds (Grignard’s reagents) are important. Magnesium is an important element in both plant and animal life. Chlorophylls are magnesiumcentered porphyrins. The adult daily requirement of magnesium is about 300 mg/day, but this is affected by various factors. Great care should be taken in handling magnesium metal, especially in the finely divided state, as serious fires can occur. Water should not be used on burning magnesium or on magnesium fires. Natural magnesium contains three isotopes. Twelve other isotopes are recognized. Magnesium metal costs about $100/kg (99.8%). Manganese — (L. magnes, magnet, from magnetic properties of pyrolusite; It. manganese, corrupt form of magnesia), Mn; at. wt. 54.938045(5); at. no. 25; m.p. 1246°C; b.p. 2061°C; sp. gr. 7.21 to 7.44, depending on allotropic form; valence 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 7. Recognized by Scheele, Bergman, and others as an element and isolated by Gahn in 1774 by reduction of the dioxide with carbon. Manganese minerals are widely distributed; oxides, silicates, and carbonates are the most common. The discovery of large quantities of manganese nodules on the floor of the oceans holds promise as a source of manganese. These nodules contain about 24% manganese together with many other elements in lesser abundance. Most manganese today is obtained from ores found in Ukraine, Brazil, Australia, Republic of So. Africa, Gabon, China, and India. Pyrolusite (MnO2) and rhodochrosite (MnCO3) are among the most common manganese minerals. The metal is obtained by reduction of the oxide with sodium, magnesium, aluminum, or by electrolysis. It is gray-white, resembling iron, but is harder and very brittle. The metal is reactive chemically, and decomposes in cold water slowly. Manganese is used to form many important alloys. In steel, manganese improves the rolling and forging qualities, strength, toughness, stiffness, wear resistance, hardness, and hardenability. With aluminum and antimony, especially with small amounts of copper, it forms highly ferromagnetic alloys. Manganese metal is ferromagnetic only after special treatment. The pure metal exists in four allotropic forms. The alpha form is stable at ordinary temperature; gamma manganese, which changes to alpha at ordinary temperatures, is soft, easily cut, and capable of being bent. The dioxide (pyrolusite) is used as a depolarizer in dry cells, and is used to “decolorize” glass that is colored green by impurities of iron. Manganese by itself colors glass an amethyst color, and is responsible for the color of true amethyst. The dioxide is also used in the preparation of oxygen and chlorine, and in drying black paints. The permanganate is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in quantitative analysis and in medicine. Manganese is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom. It is an important trace element and may be essential for utilization of vitamin B1. Twenty-seven isotopes and isomers are known. Manganese metal (99.95%) is priced at about $800/kg. Metal of 99.6% purity is priced at about $80/kg.
4-22 Meitnerium — (Lise Meitner [1878–1968], Austrian–Swedish physicist and mathematician), Mt; at. wt [268]; at. no. 109. On August 29, 1992, Element 109 was made and identified by physicists at the Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (G.S.I.), Darmstadt, Germany, by bombarding a target of 209Bi with accelerated nuclei of 58Fe. The production of Element 109 has been extremely small. It took a week of target bombardment (1011 nuclear encounters) to produce a single atom of 109. Oganessian and his team at Dubna in 1994 repeated the Darmstadt experiment using a tenfold irradiation dose. One fission event from seven alpha decays of 109 was observed, thus indirectly confirming the existence of isotope 266109. In August 1997, the IUPAC adopted the name meitnerium for this element, honoring L. Meitner. Four isotopes of meitnerium are now recognized. Mendelevium — (Dmitri Mendeleev [1834–1907]), Md; at. wt. (258); at. no. 101; m.p. 827°C; valence +2, +3. Mendelevium, the ninth transuranium element of the actinide series to be discovered, was first identified by Ghiorso, Harvey, Choppin, Thompson, and Seaborg early in 1955 as a result of the bombardment of the isotope 253Es with helium ions in the Berkeley 60-inch cyclotron. The isotope produced was 256Md, which has a half-life of 78 min. This first identification was notable in that 256Md was synthesized on a one-atom-at-a-time basis. Nineteen isotopes and isomers are now recognized. 258Md has a half-life of 51.5 days. This isotope has been produced by the bombardment of an isotope of einsteinium with ions of helium. It now appears possible that eventually enough 258Md can be made so that some of its physical properties can be determined. 256Md has been used to elucidate some of the chemical properties of mendelevium in aqueous solution. Experiments seem to show that the element possesses a moderately stable dipositive (II) oxidation state in addition to the tripositive (III) oxidation state, which is characteristic of actinide elements. Mercury — (Planet Mercury), Hg (hydrargyrum, liquid silver); at. wt. 200.59(2); at. no. 80; t.p. –38.83°C; b.p. 356.62°C; tc 1477°C; sp. gr. 13.546 (20°C); valence 1 or 2. Known to ancient Chinese and Hindus; found in Egyptian tombs of 1500 B.C. Mercury is the only common metal liquid at ordinary temperatures. It only rarely occurs free in nature. The chief ore is cinnabar (HgS). Spain and China produce about 75% of the world’s supply of the metal. The commercial unit for handling mercury is the “flask,” which weighs 76 lb (34.46 kg). The metal is obtained by heating cinnabar in a current of air and by condensing the vapor. It is a heavy, silvery-white metal; a rather poor conductor of heat, as compared with other metals, and a fair conductor of electricity. It easily forms alloys with many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin, which are called amalgams. Its ease in amalgamating with gold is made use of in the recovery of gold from its ores. The metal is widely used in laboratory work for making thermometers, barometers, diffusion pumps, and many other instruments. It is used in making mercuryvapor lamps and advertising signs, etc. and is used in mercury switches and other electrical apparatus. Other uses are in making pesticides, mercury cells for caustic soda and chlorine production, dental preparations, antifouling paint, batteries, and catalysts. The most important salts are mercuric chloride HgCl2 (corrosive sublimate — a violent poison), mercurous chloride Hg2Cl2 (calomel, occasionally still used in medicine), mercury fulminate (Hg(ONC)2), a detonator widely used in explosives, and mercuric sulfide (HgS, vermillion, a highgrade paint pigment). Organic mercury compounds are im-
The Elements portant. It has been found that an electrical discharge causes mercury vapor to combine with neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. These products, held together with van der Waals’ forces, correspond to HgNe, HgAr, HgKr, and HgXe. Mercury is a virulent poison and is readily absorbed through the respiratory tract, the gastrointestinal tract, or through unbroken skin. It acts as a cumulative poison and dangerous levels are readily attained in air. Air saturated with mercury vapor at 20°C contains a concentration that exceeds the toxic limit many times. The danger increases at higher temperatures. It is therefore important that mercury be handled with care. Containers of mercury should be securely covered and spillage should be avoided. If it is necessary to heat mercury or mercury compounds, it should be done in a well-ventilated hood. Methyl mercury is a dangerous pollutant and is now widely found in water and streams. The triple point of mercury, –38.8344°C, is a fixed point on the International Temperature Scale (ITS90). Mercury (99.98%) is priced at about $110/kg. Native mercury contains seven isotopes. Thirty-six other isotopes and isomers are known. Molybdenum — (Gr. molybdos, lead), Mo; at. wt. 95.94(2); at. no. 42; m.p. 2623°C; b.p. 4639°C; sp. gr. 10.22 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4?, 5?, or 6. Before Scheele recognized molybdenite as a distinct ore of a new element in 1778, it was confused with graphite and lead ore. The metal was prepared in an impure form in 1782 by Hjelm. Molybdenum does not occur native, but is obtained principally from molybdenite (MoS2). Wulfenite (PbMoO4) and powellite (Ca(MoW)O4) are also minor commercial ores. Molybdenum is also recovered as a by-product of copper and tungsten mining operations. The U.S., Canada, Chile, and China produce most of the world’s molybdenum ores. The metal is prepared from the powder made by the hydrogen reduction of purified molybdic trioxide or ammonium molybdate. The metal is silvery white, very hard, but is softer and more ductile than tungsten. It has a high elastic modulus, and only tungsten and tantalum, of the more readily available metals, have higher melting points. It is a valuable alloying agent, as it contributes to the hardenability and toughness of quenched and tempered steels. It also improves the strength of steel at high temperatures. It is used in certain nickel-based alloys, such as the Hastelloys® which are heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant to chemical solutions. Molybdenum oxidizes at elevated temperatures. The metal has found recent application as electrodes for electrically heated glass furnaces and forehearths. It is also used in nuclear energy applications and for missile and aircraft parts. Molybdenum is valuable as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum. It has found application as a filament material in electronic and electrical applications. Molybdenum is an essential trace element in plant nutrition. Some lands are barren for lack of this element in the soil. Molybdenum sulfide is useful as a lubricant, especially at high temperatures where oils would decompose. Almost all ultra-high strength steels with minimum yield points up to 300,000 lb/in.2 contain molybdenum in amounts from 0.25 to 8%. Natural molybdenum contains seven isotopes. Thirty other isotopes and isomers are known, all of which are radioactive. Molybdenum metal costs about $1/g (99.999% purity). Molybdenum metal (99.9%) costs about $160/kg. Neodymium — (Gr. neos, new, and didymos, twin), Nd; at. wt. 144.242(3); at. no. 60; m.p. 1016°C; b.p. 3074°C; sp. gr. 7.008 (25°C); valence 3. In 1841 Mosander extracted from cerite a new rose-colored oxide, which he believed contained a new
The Elements element. He named the element didymium, as it was an inseparable twin brother of lanthanum. In 1885 von Welsbach separated didymium into two new elemental components, neodymia and praseodymia, by repeated fractionation of ammonium didymium nitrate. While the free metal is in misch metal, long known and used as a pyrophoric alloy for light flints, the element was not isolated in relatively pure form until 1925. Neodymium is present in misch metal to the extent of about 18%. It is present in the minerals monazite and bastnasite, which are principal sources of rare-earth metals. The element may be obtained by separating neodymium salts from other rare earths by ion-exchange or solvent extraction techniques, and by reducing anhydrous halides such as NdF3 with calcium metal. Other separation techniques are possible. The metal has a bright silvery metallic luster. Neodymium is one of the more reactive rare-earth metals and quickly tarnishes in air, forming an oxide that splits off and exposes metal to oxidation. The metal, therefore, should be kept under light mineral oil or sealed in a plastic material. Neodymium exists in two allotropic forms, with a transformation from a double hexagonal to a body-centered cubic structure taking place at 863°C. Natural neodymium is a mixture of seven isotopes, one of which has a very long half-life. Twenty-seven other radioactive isotopes and isomers are recognized. Didymium, of which neodymium is a component, is used for coloring glass to make welder’s goggles. By itself, neodymium colors glass delicate shades ranging from pure violet through wine-red and warm gray. Light transmitted through such glass shows unusually sharp absorption bands. The glass has been used in astronomical work to produce sharp bands by which spectral lines may be calibrated. Glass containing neodymium can be used as a laser material to produce coherent light. Neodymium salts are also used as a colorant for enamels. The element is also being used with iron and boron to produce extremely strong magnets. These are the most compact magnets commercially available. The price of the metal is about $4/g. Neodymium has a low-to-moderate acute toxic rating. As with other rare earths, neodymium should be handled with care. Neon — (Gr. neos, new), Ne; at. wt. 20.1797(6); at. no. 10; t.p. –248.609°C; b.p. –246.053°C; tc –228.7°C; density of gas 0.89990 g/L (1 atm, 0°C); density of liquid at b.p. 1.204 g/cm3; valence 0. Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation. Natural neon is a mixture of three isotopes. Fourteen other unstable isotopes are known. It is very inert element; however, it is said to form a compound with fluorine. It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence. The following ions are known from optical and mass spectrometric studies: Ne+, (NeAr)+, (NeH)+, and (HeNe+). Neon also forms an unstable hydrate. In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange. Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents. Neon is used in making the common neon advertising signs, which accounts for its largest use. It is also used to make high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important application as an economical cryogenic refrigerant. It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It
4-23 is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements. Neon costs about $800/80 cu. ft. (2265 l). Neptunium — (Planet Neptune), Np; at. wt. (237); at. no. 93; m.p. 644°C; sp. gr. 20.25 (20°C); valence 3, 4, 5, and 6. Neptunium was the first synthetic transuranium element of the actinide series discovered; the isotope 239Np was produced by McMillan and Abelson in 1940 at Berkeley, California, as the result of bombarding uranium with cyclotron-produced neutrons. The isotope 237Np (half-life of 2.14 × 106 years) is currently obtained in gram quantities as a by-product from nuclear reactors in the production of plutonium. Twenty-three isotopes and isomers of neptunium are now recognized. Trace quantities of the element are actually found in nature due to transmutation reactions in uranium ores produced by the neutrons which are present. Neptunium is prepared by the reduction of NpF3 with barium or lithium vapor at about 1200°C. Neptunium metal has a silvery appearance, is chemically reactive, and exists in at least three structural modifications: α-neptunium, orthorhombic, density 20.25 g/cm3, β-neptunium (above 280°C), tetragonal, density (313°C) 19.36 g/cm3; γ-neptunium (above 577°C), cubic, density (600°C) 18.0 g/cm3. Neptunium has four ionic oxidation states in solution: Np+3 (pale purple), analogous to the rare earth ion Pm+3, Np+4 (yellow green); NpO+ (green blue); and NpO++ (pale pink). These latter oxygenated species are in contrast to the rare earths that exhibit only simple ions of the (II), (III), and (IV) oxidation states in aqueous solution. The element forms tri- and tetrahalides such as NpF3, NpF4, NpCl4, NpBr3, NpI3, and oxides of various compositions such as are found in the uranium-oxygen system, including Np3O8 and NpO2. Nickel — (Ger. Nickel, Satan or Old Nick’s and from kupfernickel, Old Nick’s copper), Ni; at. wt. 58.6934(2); at. no. 28; m.p. 1455°C; b.p. 2913°C; sp. gr. 8.902 (25°C); valence 0, 1, 2, 3. Discovered by Cronstedt in 1751 in kupfernickel (niccolite). Nickel is found as a constituent in most meteorites and often serves as one of the criteria for distinguishing a meteorite from other minerals. Iron meteorites, or siderites, may contain iron alloyed with from 5 to nearly 20% nickel. Nickel is obtained commercially from pentlandite and pyrrhotite of the Sudbury region of Ontario, a district that produces much of the world’s nickel. It is now thought that the Sudbury deposit is the result of an ancient meteorite impact. Large deposits of nickel, cobalt, and copper have recently been developed at Voisey’s Bay, Labrador. Other deposits of nickel are found in Russia, New Caledonia, Australia, Cuba, Indonesia, and elsewhere. Nickel is silvery white and takes on a high polish. It is hard, malleable, ductile, somewhat ferromagnetic, and a fair conductor of heat and electricity. It belongs to the iron-cobalt group of metals and is chiefly valuable for the alloys it forms. It is extensively used for making stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys such as Invar®, Monel®, Inconel®, and the Hastelloys®. Tubing made of a copper-nickel alloy is extensively used in making desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water. Nickel is also now used extensively in coinage and in making nickel steel for armor plate and burglar-proof vaults, and is a component in Nichrome®, Permalloy®, and constantan. Nickel added to glass gives a green color. Nickel plating is often used to provide a protective coating for other metals, and finely divided nickel is a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils. It is also used in ceramics, in the manufacture of Alnico magnets, and in batteries. The sulfate and the
4-24 oxides are important compounds. Natural nickel is a mixture of five stable isotopes; twenty-five other unstable isotopes are known. Nickel sulfide fume and dust, as well as other nickel compounds, are carcinogens. Nickel metal (99.9%) is priced at about $2/g or less in larger quantities. Niobium — (Niobe, daughter of Tantalus), Nb; or Columbium (Columbia, name for America); at. wt. 92.90638(2); at. no. 41; m.p. 2477°C; b.p. 4744°C, sp. gr. 8.57 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4?, 5. Discovered in 1801 by Hatchett in an ore sent to England more that a century before by John Winthrop the Younger, first governor of Connecticut. The metal was first prepared in 1864 by Blomstrand, who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere. The name niobium was adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1950 after 100 years of controversy. Most leading chemical societies and government organizations refer to it by this name. Some metallurgists and commercial producers, however, still refer to the metal as “columbium.” The element is found in niobite (or columbite), niobite-tantalite, pyrochlore, and euxenite. Large deposits of niobium have been found associated with carbonatites (carbon-silicate rocks), as a constituent of pyrochlore. Extensive ore reserves are found in Canada, Brazil, Congo-Kinshasa, Rwanda, and Australia. The metal can be isolated from tantalum, and prepared in several ways. It is a shiny, white, soft, and ductile metal, and takes on a bluish cast when exposed to air at room temperatures for a long time. The metal starts to oxidize in air at 200°C, and when processed at even moderate temperatures must be placed in a protective atmosphere. It is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel. Thousands of pounds of niobium have been used in advanced air frame systems such as were used in the Gemini space program. It has also found use in super-alloys for applications such as jet engine components, rocket subassemblies, and heat-resisting equipment. The element has superconductive properties; superconductive magnets have been made with Nb-Zr wire, which retains its superconductivity in strong magnetic fields. Natural niobium is composed of only one isotope, 93Nb. Forty-seven other isotopes and isomers of niobium are now recognized. Niobium metal (99.9% pure) is priced at about 50¢/g. Nitrogen — (L. nitrum, Gr. nitron, native soda; genes, forming, N; at. wt. 14.0067(2); at. no. 7; m.p. –210.00°C; b.p. –195.798°C; tc –146.94°C; density 1.2506 g/L; sp. gr. liquid 0.808 (–195.8°C), solid 1.026 (–252°C); valence 3 or 5. Discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772, but Scheele, Cavendish, Priestley, and others about the same time studied “burnt or dephlogisticated air,” as air without oxygen was then called. Nitrogen makes up 78% of the air, by volume. The atmosphere of Mars, by comparison, is 2.6% nitrogen. The estimated amount of this element in our atmosphere is more than 4000 trillion tons. From this inexhaustible source it can be obtained by liquefaction and fractional distillation. Nitrogen molecules give the orange-red, blue-green, blue-violet, and deep violet shades to the aurora. The element is so inert that Lavoisier named it azote, meaning without life, yet its compounds are so active as to be most important in foods, poisons, fertilizers, and explosives. Nitrogen can be also easily prepared by heating a water solution of ammonium nitrite. Nitrogen, as a gas, is colorless, odorless, and a generally inert element. As a liquid it is also colorless and odorless, and is similar in appearance to water. Two allotropic forms of solid nitrogen exist, with the transition from the α to the β form taking place at –237°C. When nitrogen is heated, it
The Elements combines directly with magnesium, lithium, or calcium; when mixed with oxygen and subjected to electric sparks, it forms first nitric oxide (NO) and then the dioxide (NO2); when heated under pressure with a catalyst with hydrogen, ammonia is formed (Haber process). The ammonia thus formed is of the utmost importance as it is used in fertilizers, and it can be oxidized to nitric acid (Ostwald process). The ammonia industry is the largest consumer of nitrogen. Large amounts of gas are also used by the electronics industry, which uses the gas as a blanketing medium during production of such components as transistors, diodes, etc. Large quantities of nitrogen are used in annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products. The drug industry also uses large quantities. Nitrogen is used as a refrigerant both for the immersion freezing of food products and for transportation of foods. Liquid nitrogen is also used in missile work as a purge for components, insulators for space chambers, etc., and by the oil industry to build up great pressures in wells to force crude oil upward. Sodium and potassium nitrates are formed by the decomposition of organic matter with compounds of the metals present. In certain dry areas of the world these saltpeters are found in quantity. Ammonia, nitric acid, the nitrates, the five oxides (N2O, NO, N2O3, NO2, and N2O5), TNT, the cyanides, etc. are but a few of the important compounds. Nitrogen gas prices vary from 2¢ to $2.75 per 100 ft3 (2.83 cu. meters), depending on purity, etc. Production of elemental nitrogen in the U.S. is more than 9 million short tons per year. Natural nitrogen contains two isotopes, 14N and 15N. Ten other isotopes are known. Nobelium — (Alfred Nobel [1833–1896], inventor of dynamite), No; at. wt. [259]; at. no. 102; valence +2, +3. Nobelium was unambiguously discovered and identified in April 1958 at Berkeley by A. Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, J. R. Walton, and G. T. Seaborg, who used a new double-recoil technique. A heavy-ion linear accelerator (HILAC) was used to bombard a thin target of curium (95% 244Cm and 4.5% 246Cm) with 12C ions to produce 102254 according to the 246Cm (12C, 4n) reaction. Earlier in 1957 workers of the U.S., Britain, and Sweden announced the discovery of an isotope of Element 102 with a 10-min half-life at 8.5 MeV, as a result of bombarding 244Cm with 13C nuclei. On the basis of this experiment the name nobelium was assigned and accepted by the Commission on Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The acceptance of the name was premature, for both Russian and American efforts now completely rule out the possibility of any isotope of Element 102 having a half-life of 10 min in the vicinity of 8.5 MeV. Early work in 1957 on the search for this element, in Russia at the Kurchatov Institute, was marred by the assignment of 8.9 ± 0.4 MeV alpha radiation with a halflife of 2 to 40 sec, which was too indefinite to support claim to discovery. Confirmatory experiments at Berkeley in 1966 have shown the existence of 254102 with a 55-s half-life, 252102 with a 2.3-s half-life, and 257102 with a 25-s half-life. Twelve isotopes are now recognized, one of which — 255102 — has a half-life of 3.1 min. In view of the discoverer’s traditional right to name an element, the Berkeley group, in 1967, suggested that the hastily given name nobelium, along with the symbol No, be retained. Osmium — (Gr. osme, a smell), Os; at. wt. 190.23(3); at. no. 76; m.p. 3033°C; b.p. 5012°C; sp. gr. 22.587; valence 0 to +8, more usually +3, +4, +6, and +8. Discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia. Osmium occurs in iridosmine and in platinum-bearing
The Elements river sands of the Urals, North America, and South America. It is also found in the nickel-bearing ores of the Sudbury, Ontario, region along with other platinum metals. While the quantity of platinum metals in these ores is very small, the large tonnages of nickel ores processed make commercial recovery possible. The metal is lustrous, bluish white, extremely hard, and brittle even at high temperatures. It has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of the platinum group. The metal is very difficult to fabricate, but the powder can be sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 2000°C. The solid metal is not affected by air at room temperature, but the powdered or spongy metal slowly gives off osmium tetroxide, which is a powerful oxidizing agent and has a strong smell. The tetroxide is highly toxic, and boils at 130°C (760 mm). Concentrations in air as low as 10–7 g/m3 can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage. The tetroxide has been used to detect fingerprints and to stain fatty tissue for microscope slides. The metal is almost entirely used to produce very hard alloys, with other metals of the platinum group, for fountain pen tips, instrument pivots, phonograph needles, and electrical contacts. The price of 99.9% pure osmium powder — the form usually supplied commercially — is about $100/g, depending on quantity and supplier. Natural osmium contains seven isotopes, one of which, 186Os, is radioactive with a very long half-life. Thirty-four other isotopes and isomers are known, all of which are radioactive. The measured densities of iridium and osmium seem to indicate that osmium is slightly more dense than iridium, so osmium has generally been credited with being the heaviest known element. Calculations of the density from the space lattice, which may be more reliable for these elements than actual measurements, however, give a density of 22.65 for iridium compared to 22.61 for osmium. At present, therefore, we know either iridium or osmium is the heaviest element, but the data do not allow selection between the two. Oxygen — (Gr. oxys, sharp, acid, and genes, forming; acid former), O; at. wt. 15.9994(3); at. no. 8; t.p. –218.79°C; tc –118.56°C; valence 2. For many centuries, workers occasionally realized air was composed of more than one component. The behavior of oxygen and nitrogen as components of air led to the advancement of the phlogiston theory of combustion, which captured the minds of chemists for a century. Oxygen was prepared by several workers, including Bayen and Borch, but they did not know how to collect it, did not study its properties, and did not recognize it as an elementary substance. Priestley is generally credited with its discovery, although Scheele also discovered it independently. Oxygen is the third most abundant element found in the sun, and it plays a part in the carbon–nitrogen cycle, one process thought to give the sun and stars their energy. Oxygen under excited conditions is responsible for the bright red and yellow-green colors of the aurora. Oxygen, as a gaseous element, forms 21% of the atmosphere by volume from which it can be obtained by liquefaction and fractional distillation. The atmosphere of Mars contains about 0.15% oxygen. The element and its compounds make up 49.2%, by weight, of the Earth’s crust. About two thirds of the human body and nine tenths of water is oxygen. In the laboratory it can be prepared by the electrolysis of water or by heating potassium chlorate with manganese dioxide as a catalyst. The gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. The liquid and solid forms are a pale blue color and are strongly paramagnetic. Ozone (O3), a highly active compound, is formed by the action of an
4-25 electrical discharge or ultraviolet light on oxygen. Ozone’s presence in the atmosphere (amounting to the equivalent of a layer 3 mm thick at ordinary pressures and temperatures) is of vital importance in preventing harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun from reaching the Earth’s surface. There has been recent concern that pollutants in the atmosphere may have a detrimental effect on this ozone layer. Ozone is toxic and exposure should not exceed 0.2 mg/m3 (8-hour time-weighted average — 40-hour work week). Undiluted ozone has a bluish color. Liquid ozone is bluish black, and solid ozone is violet-black. Oxygen is very reactive and capable of combining with most elements. It is a component of hundreds of thousands of organic compounds. It is essential for respiration of all plants and animals and for practically all combustion. In hospitals it is frequently used to aid respiration of patients. Its atomic weight was used as a standard of comparison for each of the other elements until 1961 when the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry adopted carbon 12 as the new basis. Oxygen has thirteen recognized isotopes. Natural oxygen is a mixture of three isotopes. Oxygen 18 occurs naturally, is stable, and is available commercially. Water (H2O with 1.5% 18O) is also available. Commercial oxygen consumption in the U.S. is estimated to be 20 million short tons per year and the demand is expected to increase substantially in the next few years. Oxygen enrichment of steel blast furnaces accounts for the greatest use of the gas. Large quantities are also used in making synthesis gas for ammonia and methanol, ethylene oxide, and for oxy-acetylene welding. Air separation plants produce about 99% of the gas, electrolysis plants about 1%. The gas costs 5¢/ft3 ($1.75/cu. meter) in small quantities. Palladium — (named after the asteroid Pallas, discovered about the same time; Gr. Pallas, goddess of wisdom), Pd; at. wt. 106.42(1) at. no. 46; m.p. 1554.8°C; b.p. 2963°C; sp. gr. 12.02 (20°C); valence 2, 3, or 4. Discovered in 1803 by Wollaston. Palladium is found along with platinum and other metals of the platinum group in deposits of Russia, South Africa, Canada (Ontario), and elsewhere. Natural palladium contains six stable isotopes. Twenty-nine other isotopes are recognized, all of which are radioactive. It is frequently found associated with the nickel-copper deposits such as those found in Ontario. Its separation from the platinum metals depends upon the type of ore in which it is found. It is a steel-white metal, does not tarnish in air, and is the least dense and lowest melting of the platinum group of metals. When annealed, it is soft and ductile; cold working greatly increases its strength and hardness. Palladium is attacked by nitric and sulfuric acid. At room temperatures the metal has the unusual property of absorbing up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen, possibly forming Pd2H. It is not yet clear if this a true compound. Hydrogen readily diffuses through heated palladium and this provides a means of purifying the gas. Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. It is alloyed and used in jewelry trades. White gold is an alloy of gold decolorized by the addition of palladium. Like gold, palladium can be beaten into leaf as thin as 1/250,000 in. The metal is used in dentistry, watchmaking, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts. Palladium recently has been substituted for higher priced platinum in catalytic converters by some automobile companies. This has caused a large increase in the cost of palladium. The prices of the two metals are now, in 2002, about the same. Palladium, however, is less resistant to poisoning
4-26 by sulfur and lead than platinum, but it may prove useful in controlling emissions from diesel vehicles. The metal sells for about $350/tr. oz. ($11/g). Phosphorus — (Gr. phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise), P; at. wt. 30.973762(2); at. no. 15; m.p. (white) 44.15°C; b.p. 280.5°C; sp. gr. (white) 1.82, (red) 2.16, (black) 2.25 to 2.69; valence 3 or 5. Discovered in 1669 by Brand, who prepared it from urine. Phosphorus exists in four or more allotropic forms: white (or yellow), red, and black (or violet). White phosphorus has two modifications: α and β with a transition temperature at –3.8°C. Never found free in nature, it is widely distributed in combination with minerals. Twenty-one isotopes of phosphorus are recognized. Phosphate rock, which contains the mineral apatite, an impure tricalcium phosphate, is an important source of the element. Large deposits are found in the Russia, China, Morocco, and in Florida, Tennessee, Utah, Idaho, and elsewhere. Phosphorus in an essential ingredient of all cell protoplasm, nervous tissue, and bones. Ordinary phosphorus is a waxy white solid; when pure it is colorless and transparent. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in carbon disulfide. It takes fire spontaneously in air, burning to the pentoxide. It is very poisonous, 50 mg constituting an approximate fatal dose. Exposure to white phosphorus should not exceed 0.1 mg/m3 (8-hour time-weighted average — 40hour work week). White phosphorus should be kept under water, as it is dangerously reactive in air, and it should be handled with forceps, as contact with the skin may cause severe burns. When exposed to sunlight or when heated in its own vapor to 250°C, it is converted to the red variety, which does not phosphoresce in air as does the white variety. This form does not ignite spontaneously and it is not as dangerous as white phosphorus. It should, however, be handled with care as it does convert to the white form at some temperatures and it emits highly toxic fumes of the oxides of phosphorus when heated. The red modification is fairly stable, sublimes with a vapor pressure of 1 atm at 417°C, and is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics, pesticides, incendiary shells, smoke bombs, tracer bullets, etc. White phosphorus may be made by several methods. By one process, tricalcium phosphate, the essential ingredient of phosphate rock, is heated in the presence of carbon and silica in an electric furnace or fuel-fired furnace. Elementary phosphorus is liberated as vapor and may be collected under water. If desired, the phosphorus vapor and carbon monoxide produced by the reaction can be oxidized at once in the presence of moisture to produce phosphoric acid, an important compound in making super-phosphate fertilizers. In recent years, concentrated phosphoric acids, which may contain as much as 70 to 75% P2O5 content, have become of great importance to agriculture and farm production. World-wide demand for fertilizers has caused record phosphate production. Phosphates are used in the production of special glasses, such as those used for sodium lamps. Bone-ash, calcium phosphate, is also used to produce fine chinaware and to produce monocalcium phosphate used in baking powder. Phosphorus is also important in the production of steels, phosphor bronze, and many other products. Trisodium phosphate is important as a cleaning agent, as a water softener, and for preventing boiler scale and corrosion of pipes and boiler tubes. Organic compounds of phosphorus are important. Amorphous (red) phosphorus costs about $70/kg (99%).
The Elements Platinum — (It. platina, silver), Pt; at. wt. 195.084(9); at. no. 78; m.p. 1768.2°C; b.p. 3825°C; sp. gr. 21.45 (20°C); valence 1?, 2, 3, or 4. Discovered in South America by Ulloa in 1735 and by Wood in 1741. The metal was used by pre-Columbian Indians. Platinum occurs native, accompanied by small quantities of iridium, osmium, palladium, ruthenium, and rhodium, all belonging to the same group of metals. These are found in the alluvial deposits of the Ural mountains and in Columbia. Sperrylite (PtAs2), occurring with the nickel-bearing deposits of Sudbury, Ontario, is a source of a considerable amount of metal. The large production of nickel offsets there being only one part of the platinum metals in two million parts of ore. The largest supplier of the platinum group of metals is now South Africa, followed by Russia and Canada. Platinum is a beautiful silvery-white metal, when pure, and is malleable and ductile. It has a coefficient of expansion almost equal to that of soda–lime–silica glass, and is therefore used to make sealed electrodes in glass systems. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature, but is corroded by halogens, cyanides, sulfur, and caustic alkalis. It is insoluble in hydrochloric and nitric acid, but dissolves when they are mixed as aqua regia, forming chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), an important compound. Natural platinum contains six isotopes, one of which, 190Pt, is radioactive with a long half-life. Thirtyseven other radioactive isotopes and isomers are recognized. The metal is used extensively in jewelry, wire, and vessels for laboratory use, and in many valuable instruments including thermocouple elements. It is also used for electrical contacts, corrosion-resistant apparatus, and in dentistry. Platinum–cobalt alloys have magnetic properties. One such alloy made of 76.7% Pt and 23.3% Co, by weight, is an extremely powerful magnet that offers a B-H (max) almost twice that of Alnico V. Platinum resistance wires are used for constructing hightemperature electric furnaces. The metal is used for coating missile nose cones, jet engine fuel nozzles, etc., which must perform reliably for long periods of time at high temperatures. The metal, like palladium, absorbs large volumes of hydrogen, retaining it at ordinary temperatures but giving it up at red heat. In the finely divided state platinum is an excellent catalyst, having long been used in the contact process for producing sulfuric acid. It is also used as a catalyst in cracking petroleum products. There is also much current interest in the use of platinum as a catalyst in fuel cells and in its use as antipollution devices for automobiles. Platinum anodes are extensively used in cathodic protection systems for large ships and ocean-going vessels, pipelines, steel piers, etc. Pure platinum wire will glow red hot when placed in the vapor of methyl alcohol. It acts here as a catalyst, converting the alcohol to formaldehyde. This phenomenon has been used commercially to produce cigarette lighters and hand warmers. Hydrogen and oxygen explode in the presence of platinum. The price of platinum has varied widely; more than a century ago it was used to adulterate gold. It was nearly eight times as valuable as gold in 1920. The price in January 2002 was about $430/troy oz. ($15/g), higher than the price of gold. Plutonium — (planet Pluto), Pu; at. wt. (244); at. no. 94; sp. gr. (α modification) 19.84 (25°C); m.p. 640°C; b.p. 3228°C; valence 3, 4, 5, or 6. Plutonium was the second transuranium element of the actinide series to be discovered. The isotope 238 Pu was produced in 1940 by Seaborg, McMillan, Kennedy, and Wahl by deuteron bombardment of uranium in the 60inch cyclotron at Berkeley, California. Plutonium also exists
The Elements
4-27
in trace quantities in naturally occurring uranium ores. It is formed in much the same manner as neptunium, by irradiation of natural uranium with the neutrons that are present. By far of greatest importance is the isotope Pu239, with a half-life of 24,100 years, produced in extensive quantities in nuclear reactors from natural uranium:
238
β U(n,γ ) → 239 U →
239
β Np →
239
Pu
Nineteen isotopes of plutonium are now known. Plutonium has assumed the position of dominant importance among the transuranium elements because of its successful use as an explosive ingredient in nuclear weapons and the place it holds as a key material in the development of industrial use of nuclear power. One kilogram is equivalent to about 22 million kilowatt hours of heat energy. The complete detonation of a kilogram of plutonium produces an explosion equal to about 20,000 tons of chemical explosive. Its importance depends on the nuclear property of being readily fissionable with neutrons and its availability in quantity. The world’s nuclear-power reactors are now producing about 20,000 kg of plutonium/yr. By 1982 it was estimated that about 300,000 kg had accumulated. The various nuclear applications of plutonium are well known. 238Pu has been used in the Apollo lunar missions to power seismic and other equipment on the lunar surface. As with neptunium and uranium, plutonium metal can be prepared by reduction of the trifluoride with alkaline-earth metals. The metal has a silvery appearance and takes on a yellow tarnish when slightly oxidized. It is chemically reactive. A relatively large piece of plutonium is warm to the touch because of the energy given off in alpha decay. Larger pieces will produce enough heat to boil water. The metal readily dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, or perchloric acid with formation of the Pu+3 ion. The metal exhibits six allotropic modifications having various crystalline structures. The densities of these vary from 16.00 to 19.86 g/cm3. Plutonium also exhibits four ionic valence states in aqueous solutions: Pu+3(blue lavender), Pu+4 (yellow brown), PuO+ (pink?), and PuO+2 (pink orange). The ion PuO+ is unstable in aqueous solutions, disproportionating into Pu+4 and PuO+2. The Pu+4 thus formed, however, oxidizes the PuO+ into PuO+2, itself being reduced to Pu+3, giving finally Pu+3 and PuO+2. Plutonium forms binary compounds with oxygen: PuO, PuO2, and intermediate oxides of variable composition; with the halides: PuF3, PuF4, PuCl3, PuBr3, PuI3; with carbon, nitrogen, and silicon: PuC, PuN, PuSi2. Oxyhalides are also well known: PuOCl, PuOBr, PuOI. Because of the high rate of emission of alpha particles and the element being specifically absorbed by bone marrow, plutonium, as well as all of the other transuranium elements except neptunium, are radiological poisons and must be handled with very special equipment and precautions. Plutonium is a very dangerous radiological hazard. Precautions must also be taken to prevent the unintentional formation of a critical mass. Plutonium in liquid solution is more likely to become critical than solid plutonium. The shape of the mass must also be considered where criticality is concerned. Plutonium-239 is available to authorized users from the O.R.N.L. at a cost of about $4.80/mg (99.9%) plus packing costs. Polonium — (Poland, native country of Mme. Curie [1867–1934]), Po; at. wt. (209); at. no. 84; m.p. 254°C; b.p. 962°C; sp. gr. 9.20; valence –2, 0, +2, +3(?), +4, and +6. Polonium was the first element discovered by Mme. Curie in 1898, while seeking
the cause of radioactivity of pitchblende from Joachimsthal, Bohemia. The electroscope showed it separating with bismuth. Polonium is also called Radium F. Polonium is a very rare natural element. Uranium ores contain only about 100 µg of the element per ton. Its abundance is only about 0.2% of that of radium. In 1934, it was found that when natural bismuth (209Bi) was bombarded by neutrons, 210Bi, the parent of polonium, was obtained. Milligram amounts of polonium may now be prepared this way, by using the high neutron fluxes of nuclear reactors. Polonium-210 is a low-melting, fairly volatile metal, 50% of which is vaporized in air in 45 hours at 55°C. It is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 138.39 days. A milligram emits as many alpha particles as 5 g of radium. The energy released by its decay is so large (140 W/g) that a capsule containing about half a gram reaches a temperature above 500°C. The capsule also presents a contact gamma-ray dose rate of 0.012 Gy/h. A few curies (1 curie = 3.7 × 1010 Bq) of polonium exhibit a blue glow, caused by excitation of the surrounding gas. Because almost all alpha radiation is stopped within the solid source and its container, giving up its energy, polonium has attracted attention for uses as a lightweight heat source for thermoelectric power in space satellites. Thirty-eight isotopes and isomers of polonium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 192 to 218. All are radioactive. Polonium-210 is the most readily available. Isotopes of mass 209 (half-life 102 years) and mass 208 (half-life 2.9 years) can be prepared by alpha, proton, or deuteron bombardment of lead or bismuth in a cyclotron, but these are expensive to produce. Metallic polonium has been prepared from polonium hydroxide and some other polonium compounds in the presence of concentrated aqueous or anhydrous liquid ammonia. Two allotropic modifications are known to exist. Polonium is readily dissolved in dilute acids, but is only slightly soluble in alkalis. Polonium salts of organic acids char rapidly; halide amines are reduced to the metal. Polonium can be mixed or alloyed with beryllium to provide a source of neutrons. It has been used in devices for eliminating static charges in textile mills, etc.; however, beta sources are more commonly used and are less dangerous. It is also used on brushes for removing dust from photographic films. The polonium for these is carefully sealed and controlled, minimizing hazards to the user. Polonium-210 is very dangerous to handle in even milligram or microgram amounts, and special equipment and strict control are necessary. Damage arises from the complete absorption of the energy of the alpha particle into tissue. The maximum permissible body burden for ingested polonium is only 0.03 µCi, which represents a particle weighing only 6.8 × 10–12 g. Weight for weight it is about 2.5 × 1011 times as toxic as hydrocyanic acid. The maximum allowable concentration for soluble polonium compounds in air is about 2 × 1011 µCi/cm3. Polonium209 is available on special order from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory at a cost of $3600/µCi plus packing costs. Potassium — (English, potash — pot ashes; L. kalium, Arab. qali, alkali), K; at. wt. 39.0983(1); at. no. 19; m.p. 63.5°C; b.p. 759°C; sp. gr. 0.89; valence 1. Discovered in 1807 by Davy, who obtained it from caustic potash (KOH); this was the first metal isolated by electrolysis. The metal is the seventh most abundant and makes up about 2.4% by weight of the Earth’s crust. Most potassium minerals are insoluble and the metal is obtained from them only with great difficulty. Certain minerals, however, such as sylvite, carnallite, langbeinite, and polyhalite are found in ancient lake and sea beds and form rather extensive deposits from which potassium and its salts can readily be obtained.
4-28 Potash is mined in Germany, New Mexico, California, Utah, and elsewhere. Large deposits of potash, found at a depth of some 1000 m in Saskatchewan, promise to be important in coming years. Potassium is also found in the ocean, but is present only in relatively small amounts compared to sodium. The greatest demand for potash has been in its use for fertilizers. Potassium is an essential constituent for plant growth and it is found in most soils. Potassium is never found free in nature, but is obtained by electrolysis of the hydroxide, much in the same manner as prepared by Davy. Thermal methods also are commonly used to produce potassium (such as by reduction of potassium compounds with CaC2, C, Si, or Na). It is one of the most reactive and electropositive of metals. Except for lithium, it is the lightest known metal. It is soft, easily cut with a knife, and is silvery in appearance immediately after a fresh surface is exposed. It rapidly oxidizes in air and should be preserved in a mineral oil. As with other metals of the alkali group, it decomposes in water with the evolution of hydrogen. It catches fire spontaneously on water. Potassium and its salts impart a violet color to flames. Twenty-one isotopes, one of which is an isomer, of potassium are known. Ordinary potassium is composed of three isotopes, one of which is 40K (0.0117%), a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 1.26 × 109 years. The radioactivity presents no appreciable hazard. An alloy of sodium and potassium (NaK) is used as a heat-transfer medium. Many potassium salts are of utmost importance, including the hydroxide, nitrate, carbonate, chloride, chlorate, bromide, iodide, cyanide, sulfate, chromate, and dichromate. Metallic potassium is available commercially for about $1200/ kg (98% purity) or $75/g (99.95% purity). Praseodymium — (Gr. prasios, green, and didymos, twin), Pr; at. wt. 140.90765(2); at. no. 59; m.p. 931°C; b.p. 3520°C; sp. gr. 6.773; valence 3. In 1841 Mosander extracted the rare earth didymia from lanthana; in 1879, Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a new earth, samaria, from didymia obtained from the mineral samarskite. Six years later, in 1885, von Welsbach separated didymia into two others, praseodymia and neodymia, which gave salts of different colors. As with other rare earths, compounds of these elements in solution have distinctive sharp spectral absorption bands or lines, some of which are only a few Angstroms wide. The element occurs along with other rare-earth elements in a variety of minerals. Monazite and bastnasite are the two principal commercial sources of the rare-earth metals. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques have led to much easier isolation of the rare earths and the cost has dropped greatly. Thirty-seven isotopes and isomers are now recognized. Praseodymium can be prepared by several methods, such as by calcium reduction of the anhydrous chloride or fluoride. Misch metal, used in making cigarette lighters, contains about 5% praseodymium metal. Praseodymium is soft, silvery, malleable, and ductile. It was prepared in relatively pure form in 1931. It is somewhat more resistant to corrosion in air than europium, lanthanum, cerium, or neodymium, but it does develop a green oxide coating that splits off when exposed to air. As with other rare-earth metals it should be kept under a light mineral oil or sealed in plastic. The rare-earth oxides, including Pr2O3, are among the most refractory substances known. Along with other rare earths, it is widely used as a core material for carbon arcs used by the motion picture industry for studio lighting and projection. Salts of praseodymium are used to color glasses and enamels; when mixed with certain other materials, praseodymium produces an intense and unusually clean yellow color
The Elements in glass. Didymium glass, of which praseodymium is a component, is a colorant for welder’s goggles. The metal (99.9% pure) is priced at about $4/g. Promethium — (Prometheus, who, according to mythology, stole fire from heaven), Pm; at. no. 61; at. wt. (145); m.p. 1042°C; b.p. 3000°C (est.); sp. gr. 7.264 (25°C); valence 3. In 1902 Branner predicted the existence of an element between neodymium and samarium, and this was confirmed by Moseley in 1914. Unsuccessful searches were made for this predicted element over two decades, and various investigators proposed the names “illinium,” “florentium,” and “cyclonium” for this element. In 1941, workers at Ohio State University irradiated neodymium and praseodymium with neutrons, deuterons, and alpha particles, resp., and produced several new radioactivities, which most likely were those of Element 61. Wu and Segre, and Bethe, in 1942, confirmed the formation; however, chemical proof of the production of Element 61 was lacking because of the difficulty in separating the rare earths from each other at that time. In 1945, Marinsky, Glendenin, and Coryell made the first chemical identification by using ion-exchange chromatography. Their work was done by fission of uranium and by neutron bombardment of neodymium. These investigators named the newly discovered element. Searches for the element on Earth have been fruitless, and it now appears that promethium is completely missing from the Earth’s crust. Promethium, however, has been reported to be in the spectrum of the star HR465 in Andromeda. It must be formed near the star’s surface, for no known isotope of promethium has a half-life longer than 17.7 years. Thirty-five isotopes and isomers of promethium, with atomic masses from 130 to 158 are now known. Promethium-145, with a half-life of 17.7 years, is the most useful. Promethium-145 has a specific activity of 940 Ci/g. It is a soft beta emitter; although no gamma rays are emitted, X-radiation can be generated when beta particles impinge on elements of a high atomic number, and great care must be taken in handling it. Promethium salts luminesce in the dark with a pale blue or greenish glow, due to their high radioactivity. Ion-exchange methods led to the preparation of about 10 g of promethium from atomic reactor fuel processing wastes in early 1963. Little is yet generally known about the properties of metallic promethium. Two allotropic modifications exist. The element has applications as a beta source for thickness gages, and it can be absorbed by a phosphor to produce light. Light produced in this manner can be used for signs or signals that require dependable operation; it can be used as a nuclear-powered battery by capturing light in photocells that convert it into electric current. Such a battery, using 147Pm, would have a useful life of about 5 years. It is being used for fluorescent lighting starters and coatings for self-luminous watch dials. Promethium shows promise as a portable X-ray source, and it may become useful as a heat source to provide auxiliary power for space probes and satellites. More than 30 promethium compounds have been prepared. Most are colored. Protactinium — (Gr. protos, first), Pa; at. wt. 231.03588(2); at. no. 91; m.p. 1572°C; sp. gr. 15.37 (calc.); valence 4 or 5. The first isotope of Element 91 to be discovered was 234Pa, also known as UX2, a short-lived member of the naturally occurring 238U decay series. It was identified by K. Fajans and O. H. Gohring in 1913 and they named the new element brevium. When the longer-lived isotope 231Pa was identified by Hahn and Meitner
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in 1918, the name protoactinium was adopted as being more consistent with the characteristics of the most abundant isotope. Soddy, Cranson, and Fleck were also active in this work. The name protoactinium was shortened to protactinium in 1949. In 1927, Grosse prepared 2 mg of a white powder, which was shown to be Pa2O5. Later, in 1934, from 0.1 g of pure Pa2O5 he isolated the element by two methods, one of which was by converting the oxide to an iodide and “cracking” it in a high vacuum by an electrically heated filament by the reaction
2PaI 5 → 2Pa + 5I 2 Protactinium has a bright metallic luster that it retains for some time in air. The element occurs in pitchblende to the extent of about 1 part 231Pa to 10 million of ore. Ores from Congo-Kinshasa have about 3 ppm. Protactinium has twenty-eight isotopes and isomers, the most common of which is 231Pr with a half-life of 32,500 years. A number of protactinium compounds are known, some of which are colored. The element is superconductive below 1.4 K. The element is a dangerous toxic material and requires precautions similar to those used when handling plutonium. In 1959 and 1961, it was announced that the Great Britain Atomic Energy Authority extracted by a 12-stage process 125 g of 99.9% protactinium, the world’s only stock of the metal for many years to come. The extraction was made from 60 tons of waste material at a cost of about $500,000. Protactinium is one of the rarest and most expensive naturally occurring elements.
Radium — (L. radius, ray), Ra; at. wt. (226); at. no. 88; m.p. 696°C; sp. gr. 5; valence 2. Radium was discovered in 1898 by M. and Mme. Curie in the pitchblende or uraninite of North Bohemia (Czech Republic), where it occurs. There is about 1 g of radium in 7 tons of pitchblende. The element was isolated in 1911 by Mme. Curie and Debierne by the electrolysis of a solution of pure radium chloride, employing a mercury cathode; on distillation in an atmosphere of hydrogen this amalgam yielded the pure metal. Originally, radium was obtained from the rich pitchblende ore found at Joachimsthal, Bohemia. The carnotite sands of Colorado furnish some radium, but richer ores are found in the Republic of Congo-Kinshasa and the Great Bear Lake region of Canada. Radium is present in all uranium minerals, and could be extracted, if desired, from the extensive wastes of uranium processing. Large uranium deposits are located in Ontario, New Mexico, Utah, Australia, and elsewhere. Radium is obtained commercially as the bromide or chloride; it is doubtful if any appreciable stock of the isolated element now exists. The pure metal is brilliant white when freshly prepared, but blackens on exposure to air, probably due to formation of the nitride. It exhibits luminescence, as do its salts; it decomposes in water and is somewhat more volatile than barium. It is a member of the alkaline-earth group of metals. Radium imparts a carmine red color to a flame. Radium emits alpha, beta, and gamma rays and when mixed with beryllium produce neutrons. One gram of 226Ra undergoes 3.7 × 1010 disintegrations per s. The curie (Ci) is defined as that amount of radioactivity which has the same disintegration rate as 1 g of 226Ra. Thirty-six isotopes are now known; radium 226, the common isotope, has a half-life of 1599 years. One gram of radium produces about 0.0001 mL (stp) of emanation, or radon gas, per day. This is pumped from the radium and sealed in minute tubes, which are used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. One gram of radium yields about 4186 kJ per year. Radium is used in producing self-luminous
paints, neutron sources, and in medicine for the treatment of cancer. Some of the more recently discovered radioisotopes, such as 60Co, are now being used in place of radium. Some of these sources are much more powerful, and others are safer to use. Radium loses about 1% of its activity in 25 years, being transformed into elements of lower atomic weight. Lead is a final product of disintegration. Stored radium should be ventilated to prevent build-up of radon. Inhalation, injection, or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other body disorders. The maximum permissible burden in the total body for 226Ra is 7400 becquerel. Radon — (from radium; called niton at first, L. nitens, shining), Rn; at. wt. (222); at. no. 86; m.p. –71°C; b.p. –61.7°C; tc 104°C; density of gas 9.73 g/L; sp. gr. liquid 4.4 at –62°C, solid 4; valence usually 0. The element was discovered in 1900 by Dorn, who called it radium emanation. In 1908 Ramsay and Gray, who named it niton, isolated the element and determined its density, finding it to be the heaviest known gas. It is essentially inert and occupies the last place in the zero group of gases in the Periodic Table. Since 1923, it has been called radon. Thirty-seven isotopes and isomers are known. Radon-222, coming from radium, has a half-life of 3.823 days and is an alpha emitter; Radon-220, emanating naturally from thorium and called thoron, has a half-life of 55.6 s and is also an alpha emitter. Radon-219 emanates from actinium and is called actinon. It has a half-life of 3.9 s and is also an alpha emitter. It is estimated that every square mile of soil to a depth of 6 inches contains about 1 g of radium, which releases radon in tiny amounts to the atmosphere. Radon is present in some spring waters, such as those at Hot Springs, Arkansas. On the average, one part of radon is present to 1 × 1021 part of air. At ordinary temperatures radon is a colorless gas; when cooled below the freezing point, radon exhibits a brilliant phosphorescence which becomes yellow as the temperature is lowered and orange-red at the temperature of liquid air. It has been reported that fluorine reacts with radon, forming radon fluoride. Radon clathrates have also been reported. Radon is still produced for therapeutic use by a few hospitals by pumping it from a radium source and sealing it in minute tubes, called seeds or needles, for application to patients. This practice has now been largely discontinued as hospitals can order the seeds directly from suppliers, who make up the seeds with the desired activity for the day of use. Care must be taken in handling radon, as with other radioactive materials. The main hazard is from inhalation of the element and its solid daughters, which are collected on dust in the air. Good ventilation should be provided where radium, thorium, or actinium is stored to prevent build-up of this element. Radon build-up is a health consideration in uranium mines. Recently radon build-up in homes has been a concern. Many deaths from lung cancer are caused by radon exposure. In the U.S. it is recommended that remedial action be taken if the air from radon in homes exceeds 4 pCi/L. Rhenium — (L. Rhenus, Rhine), Re; at. wt. 186.207(1); at. no. 75; m.p. 3185°C; b.p. 5596°C; sp. gr. 20.8 (20°C); valence –1, +1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Discovery of rhenium is generally attributed to Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who announced in 1925 they had detected the element in platinum ores and columbite. They also found the element in gadolinite and molybdenite. By working up 660 kg of molybdenite they were able in 1928 to extract 1 g of rhenium. The price in 1928 was $10,000/g. Rhenium does not occur free in nature or as a compound in a distinct mineral
4-30 species. It is, however, widely spread throughout the Earth’s crust to the extent of about 0.001 ppm. Commercial rhenium in the U.S. today is obtained from molybdenite roaster-flue dusts obtained from copper-sulfide ores mined in the vicinity of Miami, Arizona, and elsewhere in Arizona and Utah. Some molybdenites contain from 0.002 to 0.2% rhenium. It is estimated that in 1999 about 16,000 kg of rhenium was being produced. The total estimated world reserves of rhenium is 11,000,000 kg. Natural rhenium is a mixture of two isotopes, one of which has a very long half-life. Thirty-nine other unstable isotopes are recognized. Rhenium metal is prepared by reducing ammonium perrhenate with hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The element is silvery white with a metallic luster; its density is exceeded by that of only platinum, iridium, and osmium, and its melting point is exceeded by that of only tungsten and carbon. It has other useful properties. The usual commercial form of the element is a powder, but it can be consolidated by pressing and resistance-sintering in a vacuum or hydrogen atmosphere. This produces a compact shape in excess of 90% of the density of the metal. Annealed rhenium is very ductile, and can be bent, coiled, or rolled. Rhenium is used as an additive to tungsten and molybdenum-based alloys to impart useful properties. It is widely used for filaments for mass spectrographs and ion gages. Rhenium-molybdenum alloys are superconductive at 10 K. Rhenium is also used as an electrical contact material as it has good wear resistance and withstands arc corrosion. Thermocouples made of Re-W are used for measuring temperatures up to 2200°C, and rhenium wire has been used in photoflash lamps for photography. Rhenium catalysts are exceptionally resistant to poisoning from nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, and are used for hydrogenation of fine chemicals, hydrocracking, reforming, and disproportionation of olefins. Rhenium has recently become especially important as a catalyst for petroleum refining and in making super-alloys for jet engines. Rhenium costs about $16/g (99.99% pure). Little is known of its toxicity; therefore, it should be handled with care until more data are available. Rhodium — (Gr. rhodon, rose), Rh; at. wt. 102.90550(2); at. no. 45; m.p. 1964°C; b.p. 3695°C; sp. gr. 12.41 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Wollaston discovered rhodium in 1803-4 in crude platinum ore he presumably obtained from South America. Rhodium occurs native with other platinum metals in river sands of the Urals and in North and South America. It is also found with other platinum metals in the copper-nickel sulfide ores of the Sudbury, Ontario region. Although the quantity occurring here is very small, the large tonnages of nickel processed make the recovery commercially feasible. The annual world production of rhodium in 1999 was only about 9000 kg. The metal is silvery white and at red heat slowly changes in air to the sesquioxide. At higher temperatures it converts back to the element. Rhodium has a higher melting point and lower density than platinum. Its major use is as an alloying agent to harden platinum and palladium. Such alloys are used for furnace windings, thermocouple elements, bushings for glass fiber production, electrodes for aircraft spark plugs, and laboratory crucibles. It is useful as an electrical contact material as it has a low electrical resistance, a low and stable contact resistance, and is highly resistant to corrosion. Plated rhodium, produced by electroplating or evaporation, is exceptionally hard and is used for optical instruments. It has a high reflectance and is hard and durable. Rhodium is also used for jewelry, for decoration, and as a catalyst. Fifty-two isotopes
The Elements and isomers are now known. Rhodium metal (powder) costs about $180/g (99.9%). Roentgenium — (Wilhelm Roentgen, discoverer of X-rays), Rg. On December 20, 1994, scientists at GSI Darmstadt, Germany announced they had detected three atoms of a new element with 111 protons and 161 neutrons. This element was made by bombarding 83Bi with 28Ni. Signals of Element 111 appeared for less than 0.002 s, then decayed into lighter elements including Element 268109 and Element 264107. These isotopes had not previously been observed. In 2004 IUPAC approved the name roentgenium for Element 111. Roentgenium is expected to have properties similar to gold. Rubidium — (L. rubidus, deepest red), Rb; at. wt. 85.4678(3); at. no. 37; m.p. 39.30°C; b.p. 688°C; sp. gr. (solid) 1.532 (20°C), (liquid) 1.475 (39°C); valence 1, 2, 3, 4. Discovered in 1861 by Bunsen and Kirchhoff in the mineral lepidolite by use of the spectroscope. The element is much more abundant than was thought several years ago. It is now considered to be the 16th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Rubidium occurs in pollucite, carnallite, leucite, and zinnwaldite, which contains traces up to 1%, in the form of the oxide. It is found in lepidolite to the extent of about 1.5%, and is recovered commercially from this source. Potassium minerals, such as those found at Searles Lake, California, and potassium chloride recovered from brines in Michigan also contain the element and are commercial sources. It is also found along with cesium in the extensive deposits of pollucite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. Rubidium can be liquid at room temperature. It is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali group and is the second most electropositive and alkaline element. It ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently in water, setting fire to the liberated hydrogen. As with other alkali metals, it forms amalgams with mercury and it alloys with gold, cesium, sodium, and potassium. It colors a flame yellowish violet. Rubidium metal can be prepared by reducing rubidium chloride with calcium, and by a number of other methods. It must be kept under a dry mineral oil or in a vacuum or inert atmosphere. Thirty-five isotopes and isomers of rubidium are known. Naturally occurring rubidium is made of two isotopes, 85Rb and 87Rb. Rubidium-87 is present to the extent of 27.83% in natural rubidium and is a beta emitter with a half-life of 4.9 × 1010 years. Ordinary rubidium is sufficiently radioactive to expose a photographic film in about 30 to 60 days. Rubidium forms four oxides: Rb2O, Rb2O2, Rb2O3, Rb2O4. Because rubidium can be easily ionized, it has been considered for use in “ion engines” for space vehicles; however, cesium is somewhat more efficient for this purpose. It is also proposed for use as a working fluid for vapor turbines and for use in a thermoelectric generator using the magnetohydrodynamic principle where rubidium ions are formed by heat at high temperature and passed through a magnetic field. These conduct electricity and act like an armature of a generator thereby generating an electric current. Rubidium is used as a getter in vacuum tubes and as a photocell component. It has been used in making special glasses. RbAg4I5 is important, as it has the highest room-temperature conductivity of any known ionic crystal. At 20°C its conductivity is about the same as dilute sulfuric acid. This suggests use in thin film batteries and other applications. The present cost in small quantities is about $50/g (99.8% pure). Ruthenium — (L. Ruthenia, Russia), Ru; at. wt. 101.07(2); at. no. 44, m.p. 2334°C; b.p. 4150°C; sp. gr. 12.1 (20°C); valence 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Berzelius and Osann in 1827 examined the
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residues left after dissolving crude platinum from the Ural mountains in aqua regia. While Berzelius found no unusual metals, Osann thought he found three new metals, one of which he named ruthenium. In 1844 Klaus, generally recognized as the discoverer, showed that Osann’s ruthenium oxide was very impure and that it contained a new metal. Klaus obtained 6 g of ruthenium from the portion of crude platinum that is insoluble in aqua regia. A member of the platinum group, ruthenium occurs native with other members of the group of ores found in the Ural mountains and in North and South America. It is also found along with other platinum metals in small but commercial quantities in pentlandite of the Sudbury, Ontario, nickel-mining region, and in pyroxinite deposits of South Africa. Natural ruthenium contains seven isotopes. Twenty-eight other isotopes and isomers are known, all of which are radioactive. The metal is isolated commercially by a complex chemical process, the final stage of which is the hydrogen reduction of ammonium ruthenium chloride, which yields a powder. The powder is consolidated by powder metallurgy techniques or by argon-arc welding. Ruthenium is a hard, white metal and has four crystal modifications. It does not tarnish at room temperatures, but oxidizes in air at about 800°C. The metal is not attacked by hot or cold acids or aqua regia, but when potassium chlorate is added to the solution, it oxidizes explosively. It is attacked by halogens, hydroxides, etc. Ruthenium can be plated by electrodeposition or by thermal decomposition methods. The metal is one of the most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium, and is alloyed with these metals to make electrical contacts for severe wear resistance. A ruthenium–molybdenum alloy is said to be superconductive at 10.6 K. The corrosion resistance of titanium is improved a hundredfold by addition of 0.1% ruthenium. It is a versatile catalyst. Hydrogen sulfide can be split catalytically by light using an aqueous suspension of CdS particles loaded with ruthenium dioxide. It is thought this may have application to removal of H2S in oil refining and other industrial processes. Compounds in at least eight oxidation states have been found, but of these, the +2. +3. and +4 states are the most common. Ruthenium tetroxide, like osmium tetroxide, is highly toxic. In addition, it may explode. Ruthenium compounds show a marked resemblance to those of osmium. The metal is priced at about $25/g (99.95% pure). Rutherfordium — (Ernest Rutherford [1871–1937], New Zealand, Canadian, and British physicist); Rf; at. wt. [261]; at. no. 104. In 1964, workers of the Joint Nuclear Research Institute at Dubna (Russia) bombarded plutonium with accelerated 113 to 115 MeV neon ions. By measuring fission tracks in a special glass with a microscope, they detected an isotope that decays by spontaneous fission. They suggested that this isotope, which has a half-life of 0.3 ± 0.1 s, might be 260104, produced by the following reaction:
242 94
22 Pu +10 Ne → 260 104 + 4 n
Element 104, the first transactinide element, is expected to have chemical properties similar to those of hafnium. It would, for example, form a relatively volatile compound with chlorine (a tetrachloride). The Soviet scientists have performed experiments aimed at chemical identification, and have attempted to show that the 0.3-s activity is more volatile than that of the relatively nonvolatile actinide trichlorides. This experiment does not fulfill the test of chemically separating the new element from all others, but it provides important evidence for
evaluation. New data, reportedly issued by Soviet scientists, have reduced the half-life of the isotope they worked with from 0.3 to 0.15 s. The Dubna scientists suggest the name kurchatovium and symbol Ku for Element 104, in honor of Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov (1903–1960), late Head of Soviet Nuclear Research. The Dubna Group also has proposed the name dubnium for Element 104. In 1969, Ghiorso, Nurmia, Harris, K. A. Y. Eskola, and P. I. Eskola of the University of California at Berkeley reported they had positively identified two, and possibly three, isotopes of Element 104. The group also indicated that after repeated attempts so far they have been unable to produce isotope 260104 reported by the Dubna groups in 1964. The discoveries at Berkeley were made by bombarding a target of 249Cf with 12C nuclei of 71 MeV, and 13C nuclei of 69 MeV. The combination of 12C with 249Cf followed by instant emission of four neutrons produced Element 257104. This isotope has a half-life of 4 to 5 s, decaying by emitting an alpha particle into 253No, with a half-life of 105 s. The same reaction, except with the emission of three neutrons, was thought to have produced 258104 with a half-life of about 1/100 s. Element 259104 is formed by the merging of a 13C nuclei with 249 Cf, followed by emission of three neutrons. This isotope has a half-life of 3 to 4 s, and decays by emitting an alpha particle into 255No, which has a half-life of 185 s. Thousands of atoms of 257104 and 259104 have been detected. The Berkeley group believes its identification of 258104 was correct. Eleven isotopes of Element 104 have now been identified. The Berkeley group proposed the name rutherfordium (symbol Rf ) for the new element, in honor of Ernest Rutherford. This name was formally adapted by IUPAC in August 1997. Samarium — (Samarskite, a mineral), Sm; at. wt. 150.36(3); at. no. 62; m.p. 1072°C; b.p. 1794°C; sp. gr (α) 7.520 (25°C); valence 2 or 3. Discovered spectroscopically by its sharp absorption lines in 1879 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran in the mineral samarskite, named in honor of a Russian mine official, Col. Samarski. Samarium is found along with other members of the rare-earth-elements in many minerals, including monazite and bastnasite, which are commercial sources. The largest producer of rare-earth minerals is now China, followed by the U.S., India, and Russia. It occurs in monazite to the extent of 2.8%. While misch metal containing about 1% of samarium metal has long been used, samarium has not been isolated in relatively pure form until recently. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques have recently simplified separation of the rare earths from one another; more recently, electrochemical deposition, using an electrolytic solution of lithium citrate and a mercury electrode, is said to be a simple, fast, and highly specific way to separate the rare earths. Samarium metal can be produced by reducing the oxide with barium or lanthanum. Samarium has a bright silver luster and is reasonably stable in air. Three crystal modifications of the metal exist, with transformations at 734 and 922°C. The metal ignites in air at about 150°C. Thirty-three isotopes and isomers of samarium are now recognized. Natural samarium is a mixture of seven isotopes, three of which are unstable but have long half-lives. Samarium, along with other rare earths, is used for carbonarc lighting for the motion picture industry. The sulfide has excellent high-temperature stability and good thermoelectric efficiencies up to 1100°C. SmCo5 has been used in making a new permanent magnet material with the highest resistance to demagnetization of any known material. It is said to have an intrinsic coercive force as high as 2200 kA/m. Samarium oxide has been used in optical glass to absorb the infrared.
The Elements
4-32 Samarium is used to dope calcium fluoride crystals for use in optical masers or lasers. Compounds of the metal act as sensitizers for phosphors excited in the infrared; the oxide exhibits catalytic properties in the dehydration and dehydrogenation of ethyl alcohol. It is used in infrared absorbing glass and as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors. The metal is priced at about $3.50/g (99.9%). Little is known of the toxicity of samarium; therefore, it should be handled carefully. Scandium — (L. Scandia, Scandinavia), Sc; at. wt. 44.955912(6); at. no. 21; m.p. 1541°C; b.p. 2836°C; sp. gr. 2.989 (25°C); valence 3. On the basis of the Periodic System, Mendeleev predicted the existence of ekaboron, which would have an atomic weight between 40 of calcium and 48 of titanium. The element was discovered by Nilson in 1878 in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite, which had not yet been found anywhere except in Scandinavia. By processing 10 kg of euxenite and other residues of rare-earth minerals, Nilson was able to prepare about 2 g of scandium oxide of high purity. Cleve later pointed out that Nilson’s scandium was identical with Mendeleev’s ekaboron. Scandium is apparently a much more abundant element in the sun and certain stars than here on Earth. It is about the 23rd most abundant element in the sun, compared to the 50th most abundant on Earth. It is widely distributed on Earth, occurring in very minute quantities in over 800 mineral species. The blue color of beryl (aquamarine variety) is said to be due to scandium. It occurs as a principal component in the rare mineral thortveitite, found in Scandinavia and Malagasy. It is also found in the residues remaining after the extraction of tungsten from Zinnwald wolframite, and in wiikite and bazzite. Most scandium is presently being recovered from thortveitite or is extracted as a by-product from uranium mill tailings. Metallic scandium was first prepared in 1937 by Fischer, Brunger, and Grieneisen, who electrolyzed a eutectic melt of potassium, lithium, and scandium chlorides at 700 to 800°C. Tungsten wire and a pool of molten zinc served as the electrodes in a graphite crucible. Pure scandium is now produced by reducing scandium fluoride with calcium metal. The production of the first pound of 99% pure scandium metal was announced in 1960. Scandium is a silver-white metal that develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast upon exposure to air. It is relatively soft, and resembles yttrium and the rare-earth metals more than it resembles aluminum or titanium. It is a very light metal and has a much higher melting point than aluminum, making it of interest to designers of spacecraft. Scandium is not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of conc. HNO3 and 48% HF. Scandium reacts rapidly with many acids. Twentythree isotopes and isomers of scandium are recognized. The metal is expensive, costing about $200/g with a purity of about 99.9%. About 20 kg of scandium (as Sc2O3) are now being used yearly in the U.S. to produce high-intensity lights, and the radioactive isotope 46Sc is used as a tracing agent in refinery crackers for crude oil, etc. Scandium iodide added to mercury vapor lamps produces a highly efficient light source resembling sunlight, which is important for indoor or night-time color TV. Little is yet known about the toxicity of scandium; therefore, it should be handled with care. Seaborgium — (Glenn T. Seaborg [1912–1999], American chemist and nuclear physicist). Sg; at. wt. [266]; at no. 106. The discovery of Seaborgium, Element 106, took place in 1974 almost simultaneously at the Lawrence-Berkeley Laboratory and at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna, Russia. The Berkeley Group, under direction of Ghiorso, used the Super-
Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (Super HILAC) as a source of heavy 18O ions to bombard a 259-µg target of 249Cf. This resulted in the production and positive identification of 263106, which decayed with a half-life of 0.9 ± 0.2 s by the emission of alpha particles as follows:
263
106 α →
259
104 α →
255
No α →.
The Dubna Team, directed by Flerov and Organessian, produced heavy ions of 54Cr with their 310-cm heavy-ion cyclotron to bombard 207Pb and 208Pb and found a product that decayed with a half-life of 7 ms. They assigned 259106 to this isotope. It is now thought seven isotopes of Seaborgium have been identified. Two of the isotopes are believed to have halflives of about 30 s. Seaborgium most likely would have properties resembling tungsten. The IUPAC adopted the name Seaborgium in August 1997. Normally the naming of an element is not given until after the death of the person for which the element is named; however, in this case, it was named while Dr. Seaborg was still alive. Selenium — (Gr. Selene, moon), Se; at. wt. 78.96(3); at. no. 34; m.p. (gray) 221°C; b.p. (gray) 685°C; sp. gr. (gray) 4.79, (vitreous) 4.28; valence –2, +4, or +6. Discovered by Berzelius in 1817, who found it associated with tellurium, named for the Earth. Selenium is found in a few rare minerals, such as crooksite and clausthalite. In years past it has been obtained from flue dusts remaining from processing copper sulfide ores, but the anode muds from electrolytic copper refineries now provide the source of most of the world’s selenium. Selenium is recovered by roasting the muds with soda or sulfuric acid, or by smelting them with soda and niter. Selenium exists in several allotropic forms. Three are generally recognized, but as many as six have been claimed. Selenium can be prepared with either an amorphous or crystalline structure. The color of amorphous selenium is either red, in powder form, or black, in vitreous form. Crystalline monoclinic selenium is a deep red; crystalline hexagonal selenium, the most stable variety, is a metallic gray. Natural selenium contains six stable isotopes. Twentynine other isotopes and isomers have been characterized. The element is a member of the sulfur family and resembles sulfur both in its various forms and in its compounds. Selenium exhibits both photovoltaic action, where light is converted directly into electricity, and photoconductive action, where the electrical resistance decreases with increased illumination. These properties make selenium useful in the production of photocells and exposure meters for photographic use, as well as solar cells. Selenium is also able to convert a.c. electricity to d.c., and is extensively used in rectifiers. Below its melting point, selenium is a p-type semiconductor and is finding many uses in electronic and solid-state applications. It is used in xerography for reproducing and copying documents, letters, etc., but recently its use in this application has been decreasing in favor of certain organic compounds. It is used by the glass industry to decolorize glass and to make rubycolored glasses and enamels. It is also used as a photographic toner, and as an additive to stainless steel. Elemental selenium has been said to be practically nontoxic and is considered to be an essential trace element; however, hydrogen selenide and other selenium compounds are extremely toxic, and resemble arsenic in their physiological reactions. Hydrogen selenide in a concentration of 1.5 ppm is intolerable to man. Selenium occurs in some soils in amounts sufficient to produce serious effects on animals feeding on plants, such as locoweed, grown
The Elements in such soils. Selenium (99.5%) is priced at about $250/kg. It is also available in high-purity form at a cost of about $350/kg (99.999%). Silicon — (L. silex, silicis, flint), Si; at. wt. 28.0855(3); at. no. 14; m.p. 1414°C; b.p. 3265°C; sp. gr. 2.33 (25°C); valence 4. Davy in 1800 thought silica to be a compound and not an element; later in 1811, Gay Lussac and Thenard probably prepared impure amorphous silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride. Berzelius, generally credited with the discovery, in 1824 succeeded in preparing amorphous silicon by the same general method as used earlier, but he purified the product by removing the fluosilicates by repeated washings. Deville in 1854 first prepared crystalline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element. Silicon is present in the sun and stars and is a principal component of a class of meteorites known as “aerolites.” It is also a component of tektites, a natural glass of uncertain origin. Natural silicon contains three isotopes. Twenty-four other radioactive isotopes are recognized. Silicon makes up 25.7% of the Earth’s crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. Silicon is not found free in nature, but occurs chiefly as the oxide and as silicates. Sand, quartz, rock crystal, amethyst, agate, flint, jasper, and opal are some of the forms in which the oxide appears. Granite, hornblende, asbestos, feldspar, clay mica, etc. are but a few of the numerous silicate minerals. Silicon is prepared commercially by heating silica and carbon in an electric furnace, using carbon electrodes. Several other methods can be used for preparing the element. Amorphous silicon can be prepared as a brown powder, which can be easily melted or vaporized. Crystalline silicon has a metallic luster and grayish color. The Czochralski process is commonly used to produce single crystals of silicon used for solid-state or semiconductor devices. Hyperpure silicon can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of ultra-pure trichlorosilane in a hydrogen atmosphere, and by a vacuum float zone process. This product can be doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic to produce silicon for use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other solid-state devices that are used extensively in the electronics and space-age industries. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon has shown promise in producing economical cells for converting solar energy into electricity. Silicon is a relatively inert element, but it is attacked by halogens and dilute alkali. Most acids, except hydrofluoric, do not affect it. Silicones are important products of silicon. They may be prepared by hydrolyzing a silicon organic chloride, such as dimethyl silicon chloride. Hydrolysis and condensation of various substituted chlorosilanes can be used to produce a very great number of polymeric products, or silicones, ranging from liquids to hard, glasslike solids with many useful properties. Elemental silicon transmits more than 95% of all wavelengths of infrared, from 1.3 to 6.7 µm. Silicon is one of man’s most useful elements. In the form of sand and clay it is used to make concrete and brick; it is a useful refractory material for high-temperature work, and in the form of silicates it is used in making enamels, pottery, etc. Silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, one of the most inexpensive of materials with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. Glass can be made in a very great variety of shapes, and is used as containers, window glass, insulators, and thousands of other uses. Silicon tetrachloride can be used to iridize glass. Silicon is important in plant and animal life. Diatoms in both fresh and salt water extract silica from the water to build up their cell walls. Silica is present in ashes of plants and in the human
4-33 skeleton. Silicon is an important ingredient in steel; silicon carbide is one of the most important abrasives and has been used in lasers to produce coherent light of 4560 Å. A remarkable material, first discovered in 1930, is Aerogel, which is now used by NASA in their space missions to collect cometary and interplanet dust. Aerogel is a highly insulative material that has the lowest density of any known solid. One form of Aerogel is 99.9% air and 0.1% SiO2 by volume. It is 1000 times less dense than glass. It has been called “blue smoke” or “solid smoke.” A block of Aerogel as large as a person may weigh less than a pound and yet support the weight of 1000 lbs (455 kg). This material is expected to trap cometary particles traveling at speeds of 32 km/sec. Aerogel is said to be non-toxic and non-inflammable. It has high thermal insulating qualities that could be used in home insulation. Its light weight may have aircraft applications. Regular grade silicon (99.5%) costs about $160/kg. Silicon (99.9999%) pure costs about $200/kg; hyperpure silicon is available at a higher cost. Miners, stonecutters, and other engaged in work where siliceous dust is breathed in large quantities often develop a serious lung disease known as silicosis. Silver — (Anglo-Saxon, Seolfor siolfur), Ag (L. argentum), at. wt. 107.8682(2); at. no. 47; m.p. 961.78°C; b.p. 2162°C; sp. gr. 10.50 (20°C); valence 1, 2. Silver has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in Genesis. Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate silver from lead as early as 3000 B.C. Silver occurs native and in ores such as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl); lead, lead-zinc, copper, gold, and copper-nickel ores are principal sources. Mexico, Canada, Peru, and the U.S. are the principal silver producers in the western hemisphere. Silver is also recovered during electrolytic refining of copper. Commercial fine silver contains at least 99.9% silver. Purities of 99.999+% are available commercially. Pure silver has a brilliant white metallic luster. It is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium. Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance. It is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur. The alloys of silver are important. Sterling silver is used for jewelry, silverware, etc. where appearance is paramount. This alloy contains 92.5% silver, the remainder being copper or some other metal. Silver is of utmost importance in photography, about 30% of the U.S. industrial consumption going into this application. It is used for dental alloys. Silver is used in making solder and brazing alloys, electrical contacts, and high capacity silver–zinc and silver–cadmium batteries. Silver paints are used for making printed circuits. It is used in mirror production and may be deposited on glass or metals by chemical deposition, electrodeposition, or by evaporation. When freshly deposited, it is the best reflector of visible light known, but is rapidly tarnishes and loses much of its reflectance. It is a poor reflector of ultraviolet. Silver fulminate (Ag2C2N2O2), a powerful explosive, is sometimes formed during the silvering process. Silver iodide is used in seeding clouds to produce rain. Silver chloride has interesting optical properties as it can be made transparent; it also is a cement for glass. Silver nitrate, or lunar caustic, the most important silver compound, is used extensively in photography. While silver itself is not considered to be toxic, most of its salts are poisonous. Natural silver contains two stable isotopes. Fifty-six other radioactive isotopes and isomers are
4-34 known. Silver compounds can be absorbed in the circulatory system and reduced silver deposited in the various tissues of the body. A condition, known as argyria, results with a greyish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes. Silver has germicidal effects and kills many lower organisms effectively without harm to higher animals. Silver for centuries has been used traditionally for coinage by many countries of the world. In recent times, however, consumption of silver has at times greatly exceeded the output. In 1939, the price of silver was fixed by the U.S. Treasury at 71¢/troy oz., and at 90.5¢/troy oz. in 1946. In November 1961 the U.S. Treasury suspended sales of nonmonetized silver, and the price stabilized for a time at about $1.29, the melt-down value of silver U.S. coins. The Coinage Act of 1965 authorized a change in the metallic composition of the three U.S. subsidiary denominations to clad or composite type coins. This was the first change in U.S. coinage since the monetary system was established in 1792. Clad dimes and quarters are made of an outer layer of 75% Cu and 25% Ni bonded to a central core of pure Cu. The composition of the one- and five-cent pieces remains unchanged. One-cent coins are 95% Cu and 5% Zn. Five-cent coins are 75% Cu and 25% Ni. Old silver dollars are 90% Ag and 10% Cu. Earlier subsidiary coins of 90% Ag and 10% Cu officially were to circulate alongside the clad coins; however, in practice they have largely disappeared (Gresham’s Law), as the value of the silver is now greater than their exchange value. Silver coins of other countries have largely been replaced with coins made of other metals. On June 24, 1968, the U.S. Government ceased to redeem U.S. Silver Certificates with silver. Since that time, the price of silver has fluctuated widely. As of January 2002, the price of silver was about $4.10/troy oz. (13¢/g); however the price has fluctuated considerably due to market instability. The price of silver in 2001 was only about four times the cost of the metal about 150 years ago. This has largely been caused by Central Banks disposing of some of their silver reserves and the development of more productive mines with better refining methods. Also, silver has been displaced by other metals or processes, such as digital photography. Sodium — (English, soda; Medieval Latin, sodanum, headache remedy), Na (L. natrium); at. wt. 22.98976928(2); at. no. 11; m.p. 97.80°C; b.p. 883°C; sp. gr. 0.971 (20°C); valence 1. Long recognized in compounds, sodium was first isolated by Davy in 1807 by electrolysis of caustic soda. Sodium is present in fair abundance in the sun and stars. The D lines of sodium are among the most prominent in the solar spectrum. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2.6% of the Earth’s crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals of which it is a member. The most common compound is sodium chloride, but it occurs in many other minerals, such as soda niter, cryolite, amphibole, zeolite, sodalite, etc. It is a very reactive element and is never found free in nature. It is now obtained commercially by the electrolysis of absolutely dry fused sodium chloride. This method is much cheaper than that of electrolyzing sodium hydroxide, as was used several years ago. Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal that floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide. It may or may not ignite spontaneously on water, depending on the amount of oxide and metal exposed to the water. It normally does not ignite in air at temperatures below 115°C. Sodium should be handled with respect, as it can be dangerous when improperly handled. Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of sodamide and esters, and in the preparation of organic
The Elements compounds. The metal may be used to improve the structure of certain alloys, to descale metal, to purify molten metals, and as a heat transfer agent. An alloy of sodium with potassium, NaK, is also an important heat transfer agent. Sodium compounds are important to the paper, glass, soap, textile, petroleum, chemical, and metal industries. Soap is generally a sodium salt of certain fatty acids. The importance of common salt to animal nutrition has been recognized since prehistoric times. Among the many compounds that are of the greatest industrial importance are common salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na2CO3), baking soda (NaHCO3), caustic soda (NaOH), Chile saltpeter (NaNO3), di- and tri-sodium phosphates, sodium thiosulfate (hypo, Na2S2O3 · 5H2O), and borax (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O). Seventeen isotopes of sodium are recognized. Metallic sodium is priced at about $575/kg (99.95%). On a volume basis, it is the cheapest of all metals. Sodium metal should be handled with great care. It should be kept in an inert atmosphere and contact with water and other substances with which sodium reacts should be avoided. Strontium — (Strontian, town in Scotland), Sr; at. wt. 87.62(1); at. no. 38; m.p. 777°C; b.p. 1382°C; sp. gr. 2.64; valence 2. Isolated by Davey by electrolysis in 1808; however, Adair Crawford in 1790 recognized a new mineral (strontianite) as differing from other barium minerals (baryta). Strontium is found chiefly as celestite (SrSO4) and strontianite (SrCO3). Celestite is found in Mexico, Turkey, Iran, Spain, Algeria, and in the U.K. The U.S. has no active celestite mines. The metal can be prepared by electrolysis of the fused chloride mixed with potassium chloride, or is made by reducing strontium oxide with aluminum in a vacuum at a temperature at which strontium distills off. Three allotropic forms of the metal exist, with transition points at 235 and 540°C. Strontium is softer than calcium and decomposes water more vigorously. It does not absorb nitrogen below 380°C. It should be kept under mineral oil to prevent oxidation. Freshly cut strontium has a silvery appearance, but rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. The finely divided metal ignites spontaneously in air. Volatile strontium salts impart a beautiful crimson color to flames, and these salts are used in pyrotechnics and in the production of flares. Natural strontium is a mixture of four stable isotopes. Thirty-two other unstable isotopes and isomers are known to exist. Of greatest importance is 90Sr with a half-life of 29 years. It is a product of nuclear fallout and presents a health problem. This isotope is one of the best long-lived high-energy beta emitters known, and is used in SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use in space vehicles, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc., where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is needed. The major use for strontium at present is in producing glass for color television picture tubes. All color TV and cathode ray tubes sold in the U.S. are required by law to contain strontium in the face plate glass to block X-ray emission. Strontium also improves the brilliance of the glass and the quality of the picture. It has also found use in producing ferrite magnets and in refining zinc. Strontium titanate is an interesting optical material as it has an extremely high refractive index and an optical dispersion greater than that of diamond. It has been used as a gemstone, but it is very soft. It does not occur naturally. Strontium metal (99% pure) costs about $220/kg. Sulfur — (Sanskrit, sulvere; L. sulphurium), S; at. wt. 32.065(5); at. no. 16; m.p. 115.21°C; b.p. 444.61°C; tc 1041°C; sp. gr. (rhombic) 2.07, (monoclinic) 2.00 (20°C); valence 2, 4, or 6. Known to the
The Elements ancients; referred to in Genesis as brimstone. Sulfur is found in meteorites. A dark area near the crater Aristarchus on the moon has been studied by R. W. Wood with ultraviolet light. This study suggests strongly that it is a sulfur deposit. Sulfur occurs native in the vicinity of volcanoes and hot springs. It is widely distributed in nature as iron pyrites, galena, sphalerite, cinnabar, stibnite, gypsum, Epsom salts, celestite, barite, etc. Sulfur is commercially recovered from wells sunk into the salt domes along the Gulf Coast of the U.S. It is obtained from these wells by the Frasch process, which forces heated water into the wells to melt the sulfur, which is then brought to the surface. Sulfur also occurs in natural gas and petroleum crudes and must be removed from these products. Formerly this was done chemically, which wasted the sulfur. New processes now permit recovery, and these sources promise to be very important. Large amounts of sulfur are being recovered from Alberta gas fields. Sulfur is a pale yellow, odorless, brittle solid that is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide. In every state, whether gas, liquid or solid, elemental sulfur occurs in more than one allotropic form or modification; these present a confusing multitude of forms whose relations are not yet fully understood. Amorphous or “plastic” sulfur is obtained by fast cooling of the crystalline form. X-ray studies indicate that amorphous sulfur may have a helical structure with eight atoms per spiral. Crystalline sulfur seems to be made of rings, each containing eight sulfur atoms that fit together to give a normal X-ray pattern. Twenty-one isotopes of sulfur are now recognized. Four occur in natural sulfur, none of which is radioactive. A finely divided form of sulfur, known as flowers of sulfur, is obtained by sublimation. Sulfur readily forms sulfides with many elements. Sulfur is a component of black gunpowder, and is used in the vulcanization of natural rubber and a fungicide. It is also used extensively is making phosphatic fertilizers. A tremendous tonnage is used to produce sulfuric acid, the most important manufactured chemical. It is used in making sulfite paper and other papers, as a fumigant, and in the bleaching of dried fruits. The element is a good electrical insulator. Organic compounds containing sulfur are very important. Calcium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, carbon disulfide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are but a few of the many other important compounds of sulfur. Sulfur is essential to life. It is a minor constituent of fats, body fluids, and skeletal minerals. Carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide should be handled carefully. Hydrogen sulfide in small concentrations can be metabolized, but in higher concentrations it can quickly cause death by respiratory paralysis. It is insidious in that it quickly deadens the sense of smell. Sulfur dioxide is a dangerous component in atmospheric pollution. Sulfur (99.999%) costs about $575/kg. Tantalum — (Gr. Tantalos, mythological character, father of Niobe), Ta; at. wt. 180.94788(2); at. no. 73; m.p. 3017°C; b.p. 5458°C; sp. gr. 16.4; valence 2?, 3, 4?, or 5. Discovered in 1802 by Ekeberg, but many chemists thought niobium and tantalum were identical elements until Rose, in 1844, and Marignac, in 1866, showed that niobic and tantalic acids were two different acids. The early investigators only isolated the impure metal. The first relatively pure ductile tantalum was produced by von Bolton in 1903. Tantalum occurs principally in the mineral columbite-tantalite (Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6. Tantalum ores are found in Australia, Brazil, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, CongoKinshasa, Nigeria, and Canada. Separation of tantalum from niobium requires several complicated steps. Several methods are used to commercially produce the element, including
4-35 electrolysis of molten potassium fluorotantalate, reduction of potassium fluorotantalate with sodium, or reacting tantalum carbide with tantalum oxide. Thirty-four isotopes and isomers of tantalum are known to exist. Natural tantalum contains two isotopes, one of which is radioactive with a very long half-life. Tantalum is a gray, heavy, and very hard metal. When pure, it is ductile and can be drawn into fine wire, which is used as a filament for evaporating metals such as aluminum. Tantalum is almost completely immune to chemical attack at temperatures below 150°C, and is attacked only by hydrofluoric acid, acidic solutions containing the fluoride ion, and free sulfur trioxide. Alkalis attack it only slowly. At high temperatures, tantalum becomes much more reactive. The element has a melting point exceeded only by tungsten and rhenium. Tantalum is used to make a variety of alloys with desirable properties such as high melting point, high strength, good ductility, etc. Scientists at Los Alamos have produced a tantalum carbide graphite composite material that is said to be one of the hardest materials ever made. The compound has a melting point of 3738°C. Tantalum has good “gettering” ability at high temperatures, and tantalum oxide films are stable and have good rectifying and dielectric properties. Tantalum is used to make electrolytic capacitors and vacuum furnace parts, which account for about 60% of its use. The metal is also widely used to fabricate chemical process equipment, nuclear reactors, and aircraft and missile parts. Tantalum is completely immune to body liquids and is a nonirritating metal. It has, therefore, found wide use in making surgical appliances. Tantalum oxide is used to make special glass with a high index of refraction for camera lenses. The metal has many other uses. The price of (99.9%) tantalum is about $2/g. Technetium — (Gr. technetos, artificial), Tc; at. wt. (98); at. no. 43; m.p. 2157°C; b.p. 4265°C; sp. gr. 11.50 (calc.); valence 0, +2, +4, +5, +6, and +7. Element 43 was predicted on the basis of the periodic table, and was erroneously reported as having been discovered in 1925, at which time it was named masurium. The element was actually discovered by Perrier and Segre in Italy in 1937. It was found in a sample of molybdenum that was bombarded by deuterons in the Berkeley cyclotron, and which E. Lawrence sent to these investigators. Technetium was the first element to be produced artificially. Since its discovery, searches for the element in terrestrial materials have been made without success. If it does exist, the concentration must be very small. Technetium has been found in the spectrum of S-, M-, and N-type stars, and its presence in stellar matter is leading to new theories of the production of heavy elements in the stars. Forty-three isotopes and isomers of technetium, with mass numbers ranging from 86 to 113, are known. 97Tc has a half-life of 2.6 × 106 years. 98Tc has a half-life of 4.2 × 106 years. The isomeric isotope 95mTc, with a half-life of 61 days, is useful for tracer work, as it produces energetic gamma rays. Technetium metal has been produced in kilogram quantities. The metal was first prepared by passing hydrogen gas at 1100°C over Tc2S7. It is now conveniently prepared by the reduction of ammonium pertechnetate with hydrogen. Technetium is a silvery-gray metal that tarnishes slowly in moist air. Until 1960, technetium was available only in small amounts and the price was as high as $2800/g, but the price is now of the order of $100/g. The chemistry of technetium is similar to that of rhenium. Technetium dissolves in nitric acid, aqua regia, and concentrated sulfuric acid, but is not soluble in hydrochloric acid of any strength. The element is a remarkable corrosion inhibitor for steel. It is reported that
4-36 mild carbon steels may be effectively protected by as little as 55 ppm of KTcO4 in aerated distilled water at temperatures up to 250°C. This corrosion protection is limited to closed systems, since technetium is radioactive and must be confined. 99 Tc has a specific activity of 6.2 × 108 Bq/g. Activity of this level must not be allowed to spread. 99Tc is a contamination hazard and should be handled in a glove box. The metal is an excellent superconductor at 11K and below. Tellurium — (L. tellus, earth), Te; at. wt. 127.60(3); at. no. 52; m.p. 449.51°C; b.p. 988°C; sp. gr. 6.23 (20°C); valence –2, 4, or 6. Discovered by Muller von Reichenstein in 1782; named by Klaproth, who isolated it in 1798. Tellurium is occasionally found native, but is more often found as the telluride of gold (calaverite), and combined with other metals. It is recovered commercially from the anode muds produced during the electrolytic refining of blister copper. The U.S., Canada, Peru, and Japan are the largest producers of the element. Crystalline tellurium has a silvery-white appearance, and when pure exhibits a metallic luster. It is brittle and easily pulverized. Amorphous tellurium is formed by precipitating tellurium from a solution of telluric or tellurous acid. Whether this form is truly amorphous, or made of minute crystals, is open to question. Tellurium is a p-type semiconductor, and shows greater conductivity in certain directions, depending on alignment of the atoms. Its conductivity increases slightly with exposure to light. It can be doped with silver, copper, gold, tin, or other elements. In air, tellurium burns with a greenish-blue flame, forming the dioxide. Molten tellurium corrodes iron, copper, and stainless steel. Tellurium and its compounds are probably toxic and should be handled with care. Workmen exposed to as little as 0.01 mg/m3 of air, or less, develop “tellurium breath,” which has a garlic-like odor. Forty-two isotopes and isomers of tellurium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 106 to 138. Natural tellurium consists of eight isotopes, two of which are radioactive with very long half-lives. Tellurium improves the machinability of copper and stainless steel, and its addition to lead decreases the corrosive action of sulfuric acid on lead and improves its strength and hardness. Tellurium catalysts are used in the oxidation of organic compounds and are used in hydrogenation and halogenation reactions. Tellurium is also used in electronic and semiconductor devices. It is also used as a basic ingredient in blasting caps, and is added to cast iron for chill control. Tellurium is used in ceramics. Bismuth telluride has been used in thermoelectric devices. Tellurium costs about 50¢/g, with a purity of about 99.5%. The metal with a purity of 99.9999% costs about $5/g. Terbium — (Ytterby, village in Sweden), Tb; at. wt. 158.92534(2); at. no. 65; m.p. 1356°C; b.p. 3230°C; sp. gr. 8.230; valence 3, 4. Discovered by Mosander in 1843. Terbium is a member of the lanthanide or “rare earth” group of elements. It is found in cerite, gadolinite, and other minerals along with other rare earths. It is recovered commercially from monazite in which it is present to the extent of 0.03%, from xenotime, and from euxenite, a complex oxide containing 1% or more of terbia. Terbium has been isolated only in recent years with the development of ion-exchange techniques for separating the rareearth elements. As with other rare earths, it can be produced by reducing the anhydrous chloride or fluoride with calcium metal in a tantalum crucible. Calcium and tantalum impurities can be removed by vacuum remelting. Other methods of isolation are possible. Terbium is reasonably stable in air. It is
The Elements a silver-gray metal, and is malleable, ductile, and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Two crystal modifications exist, with a transformation temperature of 1289°C. Forty-two isotopes and isomers are recognized. The oxide is a chocolate or dark maroon color. Sodium terbium borate is used as a laser material and emits coherent light at 0.546 µm. Terbium is used to dope calcium fluoride, calcium tungstate, and strontium molybdate, used in solid-state devices. The oxide has potential application as an activator for green phosphors used in color TV tubes. It can be used with ZrO2 as a crystal stabilizer of fuel cells that operate at elevated temperature. Few other uses have been found. The element is priced at about $40/g (99.9%). Little is known of the toxicity of terbium. It should be handled with care as with other lanthanide elements. Thallium — (Gr. thallos, a green shoot or twig), Tl; at. wt. 204.3833(2); at. no. 81; m.p. 304°C; b.p. 1473°C; sp. gr. 11.85 (20°C); valence 1, or 3. Thallium was discovered spectroscopically in 1861 by Crookes. The element was named after the beautiful green spectral line, which identified the element. The metal was isolated both by Crookes and Lamy in 1862 about the same time. Thallium occurs in crooksite, lorandite, and hutchinsonite. It is also present in pyrites and is recovered from the roasting of this ore in connection with the production of sulfuric acid. It is also obtained from the smelting of lead and zinc ores. Extraction is somewhat complex and depends on the source of the thallium. Manganese nodules, found on the ocean floor, contain thallium. When freshly exposed to air, thallium exhibits a metallic luster, but soon develops a bluish-gray tinge, resembling lead in appearance. A heavy oxide builds up on thallium if left in air, and in the presence of water the hydroxide is formed. The metal is very soft and malleable. It can be cut with a knife. Forty-seven isotopes of thallium, with atomic masses ranging from 179 to 210 are recognized. Natural thallium is a mixture of two isotopes. The element and its compounds are toxic and should be handled carefully. Contact of the metal with skin is dangerous, and when melting the metal adequate ventilation should be provided. Thallium is suspected of carcinogenic potential for man. Thallium sulfate has been widely employed as a rodenticide and ant killer. It is odorless and tasteless, giving no warning of its presence. Its use, however, has been prohibited in the U.S. since 1975 as a household insecticide and rodenticide. The electrical conductivity of thallium sulfide changes with exposure to infrared light, and this compound is used in photo cells. Thallium bromide-iodide crystals have been used as infrared optical materials. Thallium has been used, with sulfur or selenium and arsenic, to produce low melting glasses which become fluid between 125 and 150°C. These glasses have properties at room temperatures similar to ordinary glasses and are said to be durable and insoluble in water. Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction. Thallium has been used in treating ringworm and other skin infections; however, its use has been limited because of the narrow margin between toxicity and therapeutic benefits. A mercury–thallium alloy, which forms a eutectic at 8.5% thallium, is reported to freeze at –60°C, some 20° below the freezing point of mercury. Thallium metal (99.999%) costs about $2/g. Thorium — (Thor, Scandinavian god of war), Th; at. wt. 232.03806(2); at. no. 90; m.p. 1750°C; b.p. 4788°C; sp. gr. 11.72; valence +2(?), +3(?), +4. Discovered by Berzelius in 1828. Thorium occurs in thorite (ThSiO4) and in thorianite
The Elements (ThO2 + UO2). Large deposits of thorium minerals have been reported in New England and elsewhere, but these have not yet been exploited. Thorium is now thought to be about three times as abundant as uranium and about as abundant as lead or molybdenum. The metal is a source of nuclear power. There is probably more energy available for use from thorium in the minerals of the Earth’s crust than from both uranium and fossil fuels. Any sizable demand for thorium as a nuclear fuel is still several years in the future. Work has been done in developing thorium cycle converter-reactor systems. Several prototypes, including the HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) and MSRE (molten salt converter reactor experiment), have operated. While the HTGR reactors are efficient, they are not expected to become important commercially for many years because of certain operating difficulties. Thorium is recovered commercially from the mineral monazite, which contains from 3 to 9% ThO2 along with rare-earth minerals. Much of the internal heat the Earth produces has been attributed to thorium and uranium. Several methods are available for producing thorium metal: it can be obtained by reducing thorium oxide with calcium, by electrolysis of anhydrous thorium chloride in a fused mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides, by calcium reduction of thorium tetrachloride mixed with anhydrous zinc chloride, and by reduction of thorium tetrachloride with an alkali metal. Thorium was originally assigned a position in Group IV of the periodic table. Because of its atomic weight, valence, etc., it is now considered to be the second member of the actinide series of elements. When pure, thorium is a silvery-white metal which is air stable and retains its luster for several months. When contaminated with the oxide, thorium slowly tarnishes in air, becoming gray and finally black. The physical properties of thorium are greatly influenced by the degree of contamination with the oxide. The purest specimens often contain several tenths of a percent of the oxide. High-purity thorium has been made. Pure thorium is soft, very ductile, and can be coldrolled, swaged, and drawn. Thorium is dimorphic, changing at 1400°C from a cubic to a body-centered cubic structure. Thorium oxide has a melting point of 3300°C, which is the highest of all oxides. Only a few elements, such as tungsten, and a few compounds, such as tantalum carbide, have higher melting points. Thorium is slowly attacked by water, but does not dissolve readily in most common acids, except hydrochloric. Powdered thorium metal is often pyrophoric and should be carefully handled. When heated in air, thorium turnings ignite and burn brilliantly with a white light. The principal use of thorium has been in the preparation of the Welsbach mantle, used for portable gas lights. These mantles, consisting of thorium oxide with about 1% cerium oxide and other ingredients, glow with a dazzling light when heated in a gas flame. Thorium is an important alloying element in magnesium, imparting high strength and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. Because thorium has a low work-function and high electron emission, it is used to coat tungsten wire used in electronic equipment. The oxide is also used to control the grain size of tungsten used for electric lamps; it is also used for high-temperature laboratory crucibles. Glasses containing thorium oxide have a high refractive index and low dispersion. Consequently, they find application in high quality lenses for cameras and scientific instruments. Thorium oxide has also found use as a catalyst in the conversion of ammonia to nitric acid, in petroleum cracking, and in producing sulfuric acid. Thorium has not found many uses due to its radioactive na-
4-37 ture and its handling and disposal problems. Thirty isotopes of thorium are known with atomic masses ranging from 210 to 237. All are unstable. 232Th occurs naturally and has a half-life of 1.4 × 1010 years. It is an alpha emitter. 232Th goes through six alpha and four beta decay steps before becoming the stable isotope 208Pb. 232Th is sufficiently radioactive to expose a photographic plate in a few hours. Thorium disintegrates with the production of “thoron” (220Rn), which is an alpha emitter and presents a radiation hazard. Good ventilation of areas where thorium is stored or handled is therefore essential. Thorium metal (99.8%) costs about $25/g. Thulium — (Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia), Tm; at. wt. 168.93421(2); at. no. 69; m.p. 1545°C; b.p. 1950°C; sp. gr. 9.321 (25°C); valence 3. Discovered in 1879 by Cleve. Thulium occurs in small quantities along with other rare earths in a number of minerals. It is obtained commercially from monazite, which contains about 0.007% of the element. Thulium is the least abundant of the rare-earth elements, but with new sources recently discovered, it is now considered to be about as rare as silver, gold, or cadmium. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques have recently permitted much easier separation of the rare earths, with much lower costs. Only a few years ago, thulium metal was not obtainable at any cost; in 1996 the oxide cost $20/g. Thulium metal powder now costs $70/g (99.9%). Thulium can be isolated by reduction of the oxide with lanthanum metal or by calcium reduction of the anhydrous fluoride. The pure metal has a bright, silvery luster. It is reasonably stable in air, but the metal should be protected from moisture in a closed container. The element is silver-gray, soft, malleable, and ductile, and can be cut with a knife. Forty-one isotopes and isomers are known, with atomic masses ranging from 146 to 176. Natural thulium, which is 100% 169Tm, is stable. Because of the relatively high price of the metal, thulium has not yet found many practical applications. 169 Tm bombarded in a nuclear reactor can be used as a radiation source in portable X-ray equipment. 171Tm is potentially useful as an energy source. Natural thulium also has possible use in ferrites (ceramic magnetic materials) used in microwave equipment. As with other lanthanides, thulium has a low-to-moderate acute toxicity rating. It should be handled with care. Tin — (Anglo-Saxon, tin), Sn (L. stannum); at. wt. 118.710(7); at. no. 50; m.p. 231.93°C; b.p. 2602°C; sp. gr. (gray) 5.77, (white) 7.29; valence 2, 4. Known to the ancients. Tin is found chiefly in cassiterite (SnO2). Most of the world’s supply comes from China, Indonesia, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia. The U.S. produces almost none, although occurrences have been found in Alaska and Colorado. Tin is obtained by reducing the ore with coal in a reverberatory furnace. Ordinary tin is composed of ten stable isotopes; thirty-six unstable isotopes and isomers are also known. Ordinary tin is a silver-white metal, is malleable, somewhat ductile, and has a highly crystalline structure. Due to the breaking of these crystals, a “tin cry” is heard when a bar is bent. The element has two allotropic forms at normal pressure. On warming, gray, or α tin, with a cubic structure, changes at 13.2°C into white, or β tin, the ordinary form of the metal. White tin has a tetragonal structure. When tin is cooled below 13.2°C, it changes slowly from white to gray. This change is affected by impurities such as aluminum and zinc, and can be prevented by small additions of antimony or bismuth. This change from the α to β form is called the tin pest. Tin–lead alloys are used to make organ pipes. There are few if any uses
4-38
The Elements
for gray tin. Tin takes a high polish and is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion or other chemical action. Such tin plate over steel is used in the so-called tin can for preserving food. Alloys of tin are very important. Soft solder, type metal, fusible metal, pewter, bronze, bell metal, Babbitt metal, white metal, die casting alloy, and phosphor bronze are some of the important alloys using tin. Tin resists distilled sea and soft tap water, but is attacked by strong acids, alkalis, and acid salts. Oxygen in solution accelerates the attack. When heated in air, tin forms SnO2, which is feebly acid, forming stannate salts with basic oxides. The most important salt is the chloride (SnCl2 · H2O), which is used as a reducing agent and as a mordant in calico printing. Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. These have been used for panel lighting and for frost-free windshields. Most window glass is now made by floating molten glass on molten tin (float glass) to produce a flat surface (Pilkington process). Of recent interest is a crystalline tin–niobium alloy that is superconductive at very low temperatures. This promises to be important in the construction of superconductive magnets that generate enormous field strengths but use practically no power. Such magnets, made of tin–niobium wire, weigh but a few pounds and produce magnetic fields that, when started with a small battery, are comparable to that of a 100 ton electromagnet operated continuously with a large power supply. The small amount of tin found in canned foods is quite harmless. The agreed limit of tin content in U.S. foods is 300 mg/kg. The trialkyl and triaryl tin compounds are used as biocides and must be handled carefully. Over the past 25 years the price of commercial tin has varied from 50¢/lb ($1.10/kg) to about $6/kg. Tin (99.99% pure) costs about $260/kg.
other unstable isotopes are known. The metal is dimorphic. The hexagonal α form changes to the cubic β form very slowly at about 880°C. The metal combines with oxygen at red heat, and with chlorine at 550°C. Titanium is important as an alloying agent with aluminum, molybdenum, manganese, iron, and other metals. Alloys of titanium are principally used for aircraft and missiles where lightweight strength and ability to withstand extremes of temperature are important. Titanium is as strong as steel, but 45% lighter. It is 60% heavier than aluminum, but twice as strong. Titanium has potential use in desalination plants for converting sea water into fresh water. The metal has excellent resistance to sea water and is used for propeller shafts, rigging, and other parts of ships exposed to salt water. A titanium anode coated with platinum has been used to provide cathodic protection from corrosion by salt water. Titanium metal is considered to be physiologically inert; however, titanium powder may be a carcinogenic hazard. When pure, titanium dioxide is relatively clear and has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond. It is produced artificially for use as a gemstone, but it is relatively soft. Star sapphires and rubies exhibit their asterism as a result of the presence of TiO2. Titanium dioxide is extensively used for both house paint and artist’s paint, as it is permanent and has good covering power. Titanium oxide pigment accounts for the largest use of the element. Titanium paint is an excellent reflector of infrared, and is extensively used in solar observatories where heat causes poor seeing conditions. Titanium tetrachloride is used to iridize glass. This compound fumes strongly in air and has been used to produce smoke screens. The price of titanium metal (99.9%) is about $1100/kg.
Titanium — (L. Titans, the first sons of the Earth, myth.), Ti; at. wt. 47.867(1); at. no. 22; m.p. 1668°C; b.p. 3287°C; sp. gr. 4.51; valence 2, 3, or 4. Discovered by Gregor in 1791; named by Klaproth in 1795. Impure titanium was prepared by Nilson and Pettersson in 1887; however, the pure metal (99.9%) was not made until 1910 by Hunter by heating TiCl4 with sodium in a steel bomb. Titanium is present in meteorites and in the sun. Rocks obtained during the Apollo 17 lunar mission showed presence of 12.1% TiO2. Analyses of rocks obtained during earlier Apollo missions show lower percentages. Titanium oxide bands are prominent in the spectra of M-type stars. The element is the ninth most abundant in the crust of the Earth. Titanium is almost always present in igneous rocks and in the sediments derived from them. It occurs in the minerals rutile, ilmenite, and sphene, and is present in titanates and in many iron ores. Deposits of ilmenite and rutile are found in Florida, California, Tennessee, and New York. Australia, Norway, Malaysia, India, and China are also large suppliers of titanium minerals. Titanium is present in the ash of coal, in plants, and in the human body. The metal was a laboratory curiosity until Kroll, in 1946, showed that titanium could be produced commercially by reducing titanium tetrachloride with magnesium. This method is largely used for producing the metal today. The metal can be purified by decomposing the iodide. Titanium, when pure, is a lustrous, white metal. It has a low density, good strength, is easily fabricated, and has excellent corrosion resistance. It is ductile only when it is free of oxygen. The metal burns in air and is the only element that burns in nitrogen. Titanium is resistant to dilute sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, most organic acids, moist chlorine gas, and chloride solutions. Natural titanium consists of five isotopes with atomic masses from 46 to 50. All are stable. Eighteen
Tungsten — (Swedish, tung sten, heavy stone); also known as wolfram (from wolframite, said to be named from wolf rahm or spumi lupi, because the ore interfered with the smelting of tin and was supposed to devour the tin), W; at. wt. 183.84(1); at. no. 74; m.p. 3422°C; b.p. 5555°C; sp. gr. 19.3 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. In 1779 Peter Woulfe examined the mineral now known as wolframite and concluded it must contain a new substance. Scheele, in 1781, found that a new acid could be made from tung sten (a name first applied about 1758 to a mineral now known as scheelite). Scheele and Berman suggested the possibility of obtaining a new metal by reducing this acid. The de Elhuyar brothers found an acid in wolframite in 1783 that was identical to the acid of tungsten (tungstic acid) of Scheele, and in that year they succeeded in obtaining the element by reduction of this acid with charcoal. Tungsten occurs in wolframite, (Fe, Mn)WO4; scheelite, CaWO4; huebnerite, MnWO4; and ferberite, FeWO4. Important deposits of tungsten occur in California, Colorado, Bolivia, Russia, and Portugal. China is reported to have about 75% of the world’s tungsten resources. Natural tungsten contains five stable isotopes. Thirty-two other unstable isotopes and isomers are recognized. The metal is obtained commercially by reducing tungsten oxide with hydrogen or carbon. Pure tungsten is a steel-gray to tin-white metal. Very pure tungsten can be cut with a hacksaw, and can be forged, spun, drawn, and extruded. The impure metal is brittle and can be worked only with difficulty. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals, and at temperatures over 1650°C has the highest tensile strength. The metal oxidizes in air and must be protected at elevated temperatures. It has excellent corrosion resistance and is attacked only slightly by most mineral acids. The thermal expansion is about the same as borosilicate glass, which makes the metal useful for glass-
The Elements
4-39
to-metal seals. Tungsten and its alloys are used extensively for filaments for electric lamps, electron and television tubes, and for metal evaporation work; for electrical contact points for automobile distributors; X-ray targets; windings and heating elements for electrical furnaces; and for numerous spacecraft and high-temperature applications. High-speed tool steels, Hastelloy®, Stellite®, and many other alloys contain tungsten. Tungsten carbide is of great importance to the metal-working, mining, and petroleum industries. Calcium and magnesium tungstates are widely used in fluorescent lighting; other salts of tungsten are used in the chemical and tanning industries. Tungsten disulfide is a dry, high-temperature lubricant, stable to 500°C. Tungsten bronzes and other tungsten compounds are used in paints. Zirconium tungstate has found recent applications (see under Zirconium). Tungsten powder (99.999%) costs about $2900/kg. Uranium — (Planet Uranus), U; at. wt. 238.02891(3); at. no. 92; m.p. 1135°C; b.p. 4131°C; sp. gr. 19.1; valence 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Yellow-colored glass, containing more than 1% uranium oxide and dating back to 79 A.D., has been found near Naples, Italy. Klaproth recognized an unknown element in pitchblende and attempted to isolate the metal in 1789. The metal apparently was first isolated in 1841 by Peligot, who reduced the anhydrous chloride with potassium. Uranium is not as rare as it was once thought. It is now considered to be more plentiful than mercury, antimony, silver, or cadmium, and is about as abundant as molybdenum or arsenic. It occurs in numerous minerals such as pitchblende, uraninite, carnotite, autunite, uranophane, davidite, and tobernite. It is also found in phosphate rock, lignite, monazite sands, and can be recovered commercially from these sources. Large deposits of uranium ore occur in Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Canada, and elsewhere. Uranium can be made by reducing uranium halides with alkali or alkaline earth metals or by reducing uranium oxides by calcium, aluminum, or carbon at high temperatures. The metal can also be produced by electrolysis of KUF5 or UF4, dissolved in a molten mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl. High-purity uranium can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of uranium halides on a hot filament. Uranium exhibits three crystallographic modifications as follows:
C C α 688 → β 776 →γ
Uranium is a heavy, silvery-white metal that is pyrophoric when finely divided. It is a little softer than steel, and is attacked by cold water in a finely divided state. It is malleable, ductile, and slightly paramagnetic. In air, the metal becomes coated with a layer of oxide. Acids dissolve the metal, but it is unaffected by alkalis. Uranium has twenty-three isotopes, one of which is an isomer and all of which are radioactive. Naturally occurring uranium contains 99.2745% by weight 238 U, 0.720% 235U, and 0.0055% 234U. Studies show that the percentage weight of 235U in natural uranium varies by as much as 0.1%, depending on the source. The U.S.D.O.E. has adopted the value of 0.711 as being their “official” percentage of 235U in natural uranium. Natural uranium is sufficiently radioactive to expose a photographic plate in an hour or so. Much of the internal heat of the Earth is thought to be attributable to the presence of uranium and thorium. 238U, with a half-life of 4.46 × 109 years, has been used to estimate the age of igneous rocks. The origin of uranium, the highest member of the naturally occurring elements — except perhaps for traces of nep-
tunium or plutonium — is not clearly understood, although it has been thought that uranium might be a decay product of elements of higher atomic weight, which may have once been present on Earth or elsewhere in the universe. These original elements may have been formed as a result of a primordial “creation,” known as “the big bang,” in a supernova, or in some other stellar processes. The fact that recent studies show that most trans-uranic elements are extremely rare with very short half-lives indicates that it may be necessary to find some alternative explanation for the very large quantities of radioactive uranium we find on Earth. Studies of meteorites from other parts of the solar system show a relatively low radioactive content, compared to terrestrial rocks. Uranium is of great importance as a nuclear fuel. 238U can be converted into fissionable plutonium by the following reactions:
238
β U(n,γ ) → 239 U →
239
β Np →
239
Pu
This nuclear conversion can be brought about in “breeder” reactors where it is possible to produce more new fissionable material than the fissionable material used in maintaining the chain reaction. 235U is of even greater importance, for it is the key to the utilization of uranium. 235U, while occurring in natural uranium to the extent of only 0.72%, is so fissionable with slow neutrons that a self-sustaining fission chain reaction can be made to occur in a reactor constructed from natural uranium and a suitable moderator, such as heavy water or graphite, alone. 235U can be concentrated by gaseous diffusion and other physical processes, if desired, and used directly as a nuclear fuel, instead of natural uranium, or used as an explosive. Natural uranium, slightly enriched with 235U by a small percentage, is used to fuel nuclear power reactors for the generation of electricity. Natural thorium can be irradiated with neutrons as follows to produce the important isotope 233U.
232
β Th(n,γ ) → 233 Th →
233
β Pa →
233
U
While thorium itself is not fissionable, 233U is, and in this way may be used as a nuclear fuel. One pound of completely fissioned uranium has the fuel value of over 1500 tons of coal. The uses of nuclear fuels to generate electrical power, to make isotopes for peaceful purposes, and to make explosives are well known. The estimated world-wide production of the 437 nuclear power reactors in operation in 1998 amounted to about 352,000 megawatt hours. In 1998 the U.S. had about 107 commercial reactors with an output of about 100,000 megawatt-hours. Some nuclear-powered electric generating plants have recently been closed because of safety concerns. There are also serious problems with nuclear waste disposal that have not been completely resolved. Uranium in the U.S. is controlled by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, under the Department of Energy. Uses are being found for the large quantities of “depleted” uranium now available, where uranium-235 has been lowered to about 0.2%. Depleted uranium has been used for inertial guidance devices, gyrocompasses, counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, ballast for missile reentry vehicles, and as a shielding material for tanks, etc. Concerns, however, have been raised over its low radioactive properties. Uranium metal is used for X-ray targets for production of high-energy X-rays. The nitrate has been used as photographic toner, and the acetate is used in analytical chemistry. Crystals of uranium nitrate are triboluminescent. Uranium salts have also been used for producing yellow “vase-
4-40 line” glass and glazes. Uranium and its compounds are highly toxic, both from a chemical and radiological standpoint. Finely divided uranium metal, being pyrophoric, presents a fire hazard. The maximum permissible total body burden of natural uranium (based on radiotoxicity) is 0.2 µCi for soluble compounds. Recently, the natural presence of uranium and thorium in many soils has become of concern to homeowners because of the generation of radon and its daughters (see under Radon). Uranium metal is available commercially at a cost of about $6/g (99.7%) in air-tight glass under argon. Vanadium — (Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis), V; at. wt. 50.9415(1); at. no. 23; m.p. 1910°C; b.p. 3407°C; sp. gr. 6.0 (18.7°C); valence 2, 3, 4, or 5. Vanadium was first discovered by del Rio in 1801. Unfortunately, a French chemist incorrectly declared that del Rio’s new element was only impure chromium; del Rio thought himself to be mistaken and accepted the French chemist’s statement. The element was rediscovered in 1830 by Sefstrom, who named the element in honor of the Scandinavian goddess Vanadis because of its beautiful multicolored compounds. It was isolated in nearly pure form by Roscoe, in 1867, who reduced the chloride with hydrogen. Vanadium of 99.3 to 99.8% purity was not produced until 1927. Vanadium is found in about 65 different minerals among which carnotite, roscoelite, vanadinite, and patronite are important sources of the metal. Vanadium is also found in phosphate rock and certain iron ores, and is present in some crude oils in the form of organic complexes. It is also found in small percentages in meteorites. Commercial production from petroleum ash holds promise as an important source of the element. China, South Africa, and Russia supply much of the world’s vanadium ores. High-purity ductile vanadium can be obtained by reduction of vanadium trichloride with magnesium or with magnesium–sodium mixtures. Much of the vanadium metal being produced is now made by calcium reduction of V2O5 in a pressure vessel, an adaptation of a process developed by McKechnie and Seybolt. Natural vanadium is a mixture of two isotopes, 50V (0.25%) and 51V (99.75%). 50V is slightly radioactive, having a long half-life. Twenty other unstable isotopes are recognized. Pure vanadium is a bright white metal, and is soft and ductile. It has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, and salt water, but the metal oxidizes readily above 660°C. The metal has good structural strength and a low-fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. Vanadium is used in producing rust-resistant, spring, and high-speed tool steels. It is an important carbide stabilizer in making steels. About 80% of the vanadium now produced is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive. Vanadium foil is used as a bonding agent in cladding titanium to steel. Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst. It is also used in producing a superconductive magnet with a field of 175,000 gauss. Vanadium and its compounds are toxic and should be handled with care. Ductile vanadium is commercially available. Vanadium metal (99.7%) costs about $3/g. Wolfram — see Tungsten. Xenon — (Gr. xenon, stranger), Xe; at. wt. 131.293(6); at. no. 54; m.p. –111.74°C; b.p. –108.09°C; tc 16.58°C; density (gas) 5.887 ± 0.009 g/L, sp. gr (liquid) 2.95 (–109°C); valence usually 0. Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898 in the residue left after evaporating liquid air components. Xenon is a member of the so-called noble or “inert” gases. It is present
The Elements in the atmosphere to the extent of about one part in twenty million. Xenon is present in the Martian atmosphere to the extent of 0.08 ppm. The element is found in the gases evolved from certain mineral springs, and is commercially obtained by extraction from liquid air. Natural xenon is composed of nine stable isotopes. In addition to these, thirty-five unstable isotopes and isomers have been characterized. Before 1962, it had generally been assumed that xenon and other noble gases were unable to form compounds. However, it is now known that xenon, as well as other members of the zero valence elements, do form compounds. Among the compounds of xenon now reported are xenon hydrate, sodium perxenate, xenon deuterate, difluoride, tetrafluoride, hexafluoride, and XePtF6 and XeRhF6. Xenon trioxide, which is highly explosive, has been prepared. More than 80 xenon compounds have been made with xenon chemically bonded to fluorine and oxygen. Some xenon compounds are colored. Metallic xenon has been produced, using several hundred kilobars of pressure. Xenon in a vacuum tube produces a beautiful blue glow when excited by an electrical discharge. The gas is used in making electron tubes, stroboscopic lamps, bactericidal lamps, and lamps used to excite ruby lasers for generating coherent light. Xenon is used in the atomic energy field in bubble chambers, probes, and other applications where its high molecular weight is of value. The perxenates are used in analytical chemistry as oxidizing agents. 133Xe and 135Xe are produced by neutron irradiation in air-cooled nuclear reactors. 133Xe has useful applications as a radioisotope. The element is available in sealed glass containers for about $20/L of gas at standard pressure. Xenon is not toxic, but its compounds are highly toxic because of their strong oxidizing characteristics. Ytterbium — (Ytterby, village in Sweden), Yb; at. wt. 173.04(3); at. no. 70; m.p. 824°C; b.p. 1196°C; sp. gr (α) 6.903 (β) 6.966; valence 2, 3. Marignac in 1878 discovered a new component, which he called ytterbia, in the Earth then known as erbia. In 1907, Urbain separated ytterbia into two components, which he called neoytterbia and lutecia. The elements in these earths are now known as ytterbium and lutetium, respectively. These elements are identical with aldebaranium and cassiopeium, discovered independently and at about the same time by von Welsbach. Ytterbium occurs along with other rare earths in a number of rare minerals. It is commercially recovered principally from monazite sand, which contains about 0.03%. Ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques developed in recent years have greatly simplified the separation of the rare earths from one another. The element was first prepared by Klemm and Bonner in 1937 by reducing ytterbium trichloride with potassium. Their metal was mixed, however, with KCl. Daane, Dennison, and Spedding prepared a much purer form in 1953 from which the chemical and physical properties of the element could be determined. Ytterbium has a bright silvery luster, is soft, malleable, and quite ductile. While the element is fairly stable, it should be kept in closed containers to protect it from air and moisture. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium has three allotropic forms with transformation points at –13° and 795°C. The beta form is a room-temperature, face-centered, cubic modification, while the high-temperature gamma form is a body-centered cubic form. Another bodycentered cubic phase has recently been found to be stable at high pressures at room temperatures. The beta form ordinarily has metallic-type conductivity, but becomes a semiconductor when the pressure is increased above 16,000 atm. The electri-
The Elements cal resistance increases tenfold as the pressure is increased to 39,000 atm and drops to about 80% of its standard temperature-pressure resistivity at a pressure of 40,000 atm. Natural ytterbium is a mixture of seven stable isotopes. Twenty-six other unstable isotopes and isomers are known. Ytterbium metal has possible use in improving the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. One isotope is reported to have been used as a radiation source as a substitute for a portable X-ray machine where electricity is unavailable. Few other uses have been found. Ytterbium metal is available with a purity of about 99.9% for about $10/g. Ytterbium has a low acute toxicity rating. Yttrium — (Ytterby, village in Sweden near Vauxholm), Y; at. wt. 88.90585(2); at. no. 39; m.p. 1522°C; b.p. 3345°C; sp. gr. 4.469 (25°C); valence 3. Yttria, which is an earth containing yttrium, was discovered by Gadolin in 1794. Ytterby is the site of a quarry which yielded many unusually minerals containing rare earths and other elements. This small town, near Stockholm, bears the honor of giving names to erbium, terbium, and ytterbium as well as yttrium. In 1843 Mosander showed that yttria could be resolved into the oxides (or earths) of three elements. The name yttria was reserved for the most basic one; the others were named erbia and terbia. Yttrium occurs in nearly all of the rare-earth minerals. Analysis of lunar rock samples obtained during the Apollo missions show a relatively high yttrium content. It is recovered commercially from monazite sand, which contains about 3%, and from bastnasite, which contains about 0.2%. Wohler obtained the impure element in 1828 by reduction of the anhydrous chloride with potassium. The metal is now produced commercially by reduction of the fluoride with calcium metal. It can also be prepared by other techniques. Yttrium has a silver-metallic luster and is relatively stable in air. Turnings of the metal, however, ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400°C, and finely divided yttrium is very unstable in air. Yttrium oxide is one of the most important compounds of yttrium and accounts for the largest use. It is widely used in making YVO4 europium, and Y2O3 europium phosphors to give the red color in color television tubes. Many hundreds of thousands of pounds are now used in this application. Yttrium oxide also is used to produce yttrium iron garnets, which are very effective microwave filters. Yttrium iron, aluminum, and gadolinium garnets, with formulas such as Y3Fe5O12 and Y3Al5O12, have interesting magnetic properties. Yttrium iron garnet is also exceptionally efficient as both a transmitter and transducer of acoustic energy. Yttrium aluminum garnet, with a hardness of 8.5, is also finding use as a gemstone (simulated diamond). Small amounts of yttrium (0.1 to 0.2%) can be used to reduce the grain size in chromium, molybdenum, zirconium, and titanium, and to increase strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Alloys with other useful properties can be obtained by using yttrium as an additive. The metal can be used as a deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals. The metal has a low cross section for nuclear capture. 90Y, one of the isotopes of yttrium, exists in equilibrium with its parent 90Sr, a product of atomic explosions. Yttrium has been considered for use as a nodulizer for producing nodular cast iron, in which the graphite forms compact nodules instead of the usual flakes. Such iron has increased ductility. Yttrium is also finding application in laser systems and as a catalyst for ethylene polymerization. It also has potential use in ceramic and glass formulas, as the oxide has a high melting point and imparts shock resistance and low expansion characteristics to glass. Natural yttrium contains
4-41 but one isotope, 89Y. Forty-three other unstable isotopes and isomers have been characterized. Yttrium metal of 99.9% purity is commercially available at a cost of about $5/g. Zinc — (Ger. Zink, of obscure origin), Zn; at. wt. 65.409(4); at. no. 30; m.p. 419.53°C; b.p. 907°C; sp. gr. 7.134 (25°C); valence 2. Centuries before zinc was recognized as a distinct element, zinc ores were used for making brass. Tubal-Cain, seven generations from Adam, is mentioned as being an “instructor in every artificer in brass and iron.” An alloy containing 87% zinc has been found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania. Metallic zinc was produced in the 13th century A.D. in India by reducing calamine with organic substances such as wool. The metal was rediscovered in Europe by Marggraf in 1746, who showed that it could be obtained by reducing calamine with charcoal. The principal ores of zinc are sphalerite or blende (sulfide), smithsonite (carbonate), calamine (silicate), and franklinite (zinc, manganese, iron oxide). Canada, Japan, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands are suppliers of zinc ores. Zinc is also mined in Alaska, Tennessee, Missouri, and elsewhere in the U.S. Zinc can be obtained by roasting its ores to form the oxide and by reduction of the oxide with coal or carbon, with subsequent distillation of the metal. Other methods of extraction are possible. Naturally occurring zinc contains five stable isotopes. Twenty-five other unstable isotopes and isomers are recognized. Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous metal. It is brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable at 100 to 150°C. It is a fair conductor of electricity, and burns in air at high red heat with evolution of white clouds of the oxide. The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel silver, typewriter metal, commercial bronze, spring brass, German silver, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. Large quantities of zinc are used to produce die castings, used extensively by the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. An alloy called Prestal®, consisting of 78% zinc and 22% aluminum, is reported to be almost as strong as steel but as easy to mold as plastic. It is said to be so plastic that it can be molded into form by relatively inexpensive die casts made of ceramics and cement. It exhibits superplasticity. Zinc is also extensively used to galvanize other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. Neither zinc nor zirconium is ferromagnetic; but ZrZn2 exhibits ferromagnetism at temperatures below 35 K. Zinc oxide is a unique and very useful material to modern civilization. It is widely used in the manufacture of paints, rubber products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, floor coverings, plastics, printing inks, soap, storage batteries, textiles, electrical equipment, and other products. It has unusual electrical, thermal, optical, and solid-state properties that have not yet been fully investigated. Lithopone, a mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate, is an important pigment. Zinc sulfide is used in making luminous dials, X-ray and TV screens, and fluorescent lights. The chloride and chromate are also important compounds. Zinc is an essential element in the growth of human beings and animals. Tests show that zinc-deficient animals require 50% more food to gain the same weight as an animal supplied with sufficient zinc. Zinc is not considered to be toxic, but when freshly formed ZnO is inhaled a disorder known as the oxide shakes or zinc chills sometimes occurs. It is recommended that where zinc oxide is encountered good ventilation be provided. The commercial price of zinc in January 2002 was roughly 40¢/lb ($90 kg). Zinc metal with a purity of 99.9999% is priced at about $5/g.
4-42 Zirconium — (Syriac, zargun, color of gold), Zr; at. wt. 91.224(2); at. no. 40; m.p. 1855°C; b.p. 4409°C; sp. gr. 6.52 (20°C); valence +2, +3, and +4. The name zircon may have originated from the Syriac word zargono, which describes the color of certain gemstones now known as zircon, jargon, hyacinth, jacinth, or ligure. This mineral, or its variations, is mentioned in biblical writings. These minerals were not known to contain this element until Klaproth, in 1789, analyzed a jargon from Sri Lanka and found a new earth, which Werner named zircon (silex circonius), and Klaproth called Zirkonerde (zirconia). The impure metal was first isolated by Berzelius in 1824 by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in a small iron tube. Pure zirconium was first prepared in 1914. Very pure zirconium was first produced in 1925 by van Arkel and de Boer by an iodide decomposition process they developed. Zirconium is found in abundance in S-type stars, and has been identified in the sun and meteorites. Analyses of lunar rock samples obtained during the various Apollo missions to the moon show a surprisingly high zirconium oxide content, compared with terrestrial rocks. Naturally occurring zirconium contains five isotopes. Thirty-one other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known to exist. Zircon, ZrSiO4, the principal ore, is found in deposits in Florida, South Carolina, Australia, South Africa, and elsewhere. Baddeleyite, found in Brazil, is an important zirconium mineral. It is principally pure ZrO2 in crystalline form having a hafnium content of about 1%. Zirconium also occurs in some 30 other recognized mineral species. Zirconium is produced commercially by reduction of the chloride with magnesium (the Kroll Process), and by other methods. It is a grayish-white lustrous metal. When finely divided, the metal may ignite spontaneously in air, especially at elevated temperatures. The solid metal is much more difficult to ignite. The inherent toxicity of zirconium compounds is low. Hafnium is invariably found in zirconium ores, and the separation is difficult. Commercial-grade zirconium contains
The Elements from 1 to 3% hafnium. Zirconium has a low absorption cross section for neutrons, and is therefore used for nuclear energy applications, such as for cladding fuel elements. Commercial nuclear power generation now takes more than 90% of zirconium metal production. Reactors of the size now being made may use as much as a half-million lineal feet of zirconium alloy tubing. Reactor-grade zirconium is essentially free of hafnium. Zircaloy® is an important alloy developed specifically for nuclear applications. Zirconium is exceptionally resistant to corrosion by many common acids and alkalis, by sea water, and by other agents. It is used extensively by the chemical industry where corrosive agents are employed. Zirconium is used as a getter in vacuum tubes, as an alloying agent in steel, in surgical appliances, photoflash bulbs, explosive primers, rayon spinnerets, lamp filaments, etc. It is used in poison ivy lotions in the form of the carbonate as it combines with urushiol. With niobium, zirconium is superconductive at low temperatures and is used to make superconductive magnets. Alloyed with zinc, zirconium becomes magnetic at temperatures below 35 K. Zirconium oxide (zircon) has a high index of refraction and is used as a gem material. The impure oxide, zirconia, is used for laboratory crucibles that will withstand heat shock, for linings of metallurgical furnaces, and by the glass and ceramic industries as a refractory material. Its use as a refractory material accounts for a large share of all zirconium consumed. Zirconium tungstate is an unusual material that shrinks, rather than expands, when heated. A few other compounds are known to possess this property, but they tend to shrink in one direction, while they stretch out in others in order to maintain an overall volume. Zirconium tungstate shrinks in all directions over a wide temperature range of from near absolute zero to +777°C. It is being considered for use in composite materials where thermal expansion may be a problem. Zirconium of about 99.5% purity is available at a cost of about $2000/kg or about $4/g.
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds The compounds in this table were selected on the basis of their laboratory and industrial importance, as well as their value in illustrating trends in the variation of physical properties with position in the periodic table. An effort has been made to include the most frequently encountered inorganic substances; a limited number of organometallics are also covered. Many, if not most, of the compounds that are solids at ambient temperature can exist in more than one crystalline modification. In the absence of other information, the data given here can be assumed to apply to the most stable or common crystalline form. In many cases however, two or more forms are of practical importance, and separate entries will be found in the table. Compounds are arranged primarily in alphabetical order by the most commonly used name. However, adjustments are made in many instances so as to bring closely related compounds together. For example, hydrides of elements such as boron, silicon, and germanium are grouped together immediately following the entry for the parent element, since they would otherwise be scattered throughout the table. Likewise, the oxoacids of an element are given in one group whenever a strict alphabetical order would separate them (e.g., sulfuric acid and fluorosulfuric acid). The Formula Index following the table provides another means of locating a compound. There is also an index to CAS Registry Numbers. The following data fields appear in the table: •
•
•
•
Name: Systematic name for the substance. The valence state of a metallic element is indicated by a Roman numeral, e.g., copper in the +1 state is written as copper(I) rather than cuprous, iron in the +3 state is iron(III) rather than ferric. Formula: The simplest descriptive formula is given, but this does not necessarily specify the actual structure of the compound. For example, aluminum chloride is designated as AlCl3, even though a more accurate representation of the structure in the solid phase (and, under some conditions, in the gas phase) is Al2Cl6 A few exceptions are made, such as the use of Hg2+2 for the mercury(I) ion. CAS Registry Number: Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. An asterisk* following the CAS RN for a hydrate indicates that the number refers to the anhydrous compound. In most cases the generic CAS RN for the compound is given rather than the number for a specific crystalline form or mineral. Mol. Weight: Molecular weight (relative molar mass) as calculated with the 2005 IUPAC Recommended Atomic Weights. The number of decimal places corresponds to the number of places in the atomic weight of the least accurately known element (e.g., one place for lead compounds, two places for compounds of selenium, germanium, etc.);
Ac - acetyl ace - acetone acid - acid solutions alk - alkaline solutions amorp - amorphous anh - anhydrous aq - aqueous
•
•
•
•
•
•
a maximum of three places is given. For compounds of radioactive elements for which IUPAC makes no recommendation, the mass number of the isotope with longest half-life is used. Physical Form: The crystal system is given, when available, for compounds that are solid at room temperature, together with color and other descriptive features. Abbreviations are listed below. mp: Normal melting point in °C. The notation tp indicates the temperature where solid, liquid, and gas are in equilibrium at a pressure greater than one atmosphere (i.e., the normal melting point does not exist). When available, the triple point pressure is listed. bp: Normal boiling point in °C (referred to 101.325 kPa or 760 mmHg pressure). The notation sp following the number indicates the temperature where the pressure of the vapor in equilibrium with the solid reaches 101.325 kPa. See Reference 8, p. 23, for further discussion of sublimation points and triple points. A notation “sublimes” without a temperature being given indicates that there is a perceptible sublimation pressure above the solid at ambient temperatures. Density: Density values for solids and liquids are always in units of grams per cubic centimeter and can be assumed to refer to temperatures near room temperature unless otherwise stated. Values for gases are the calculated ideal gas densities in grams per liter at 25°C and 101.325 kPa; the unit is always specified for a gas value. Aqueous Solubility: Solubility is expressed as the number of grams of the compound (excluding any water of hydration) that will dissolve in 100 grams of water. The temperature in °C is given as a superscript. Solubility at other temperatures can be found for many compounds in the table “Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures” in Section 8. Qualitative Solubility: Qualitative information on the solubility in other solvents (and in water, if quantitative data are unavailable) is given here. The abbreviations are: i insoluble sl slightly soluble s soluble vs very soluble reac reacts with the solvent
Data were taken from a wide variety of reliable sources, including monographs, treatises, review articles, evaluated compilations and databases, and in many cases the primary literature. Some of the most useful references for the properties covered here are listed below.
List of Abbreviations
blk - black brn - brown bz - benzene chl - chloroform col - colorless conc - concentrated cry - crystals, crystalline
cub - cubic cyhex - cyclohexane dec - decomposes dil - dilute diox - dioxane eth - ethyl ether EtOH - ethanol
exp - explodes, explosive extrap - extrapolated flam - flammable gl - glass, glassy grn - green hc - hydrocarbon solvents hex - hexagonal, hexane 4-43
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-44 hp - heptane
orth - orthorhombic
s - soluble in
hyd - hydrate
peth - petroleum ether
sl - slightly soluble in
silv - silvery
os - organic solvents
HT - high temperature
soln - solution
pow - powder
hyg - hygroscopic
sp - sublimation point
prec - precipitate
i - insoluble in
stab - stable
pur - purple
liq - liquid
subl - sublimes
py - pyridine
LT - low temperature
temp - temperature
reac - reacts with
MeOH - methanol
tetr - tetragonal
refrac - refractory
monocl - monoclinic
thf - tetrahydrofuran
rhom - rhombohedral
octahed - octahedral
tol - toluene
r.t. - room temperature
oran - orange
References
1. Phillips, S. L., and Perry, D.L., Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995. 2. Trotman-Dickenson, A. F., Executive Editor, Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 1-5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1973. 3. Greenwood, N. N., and Earnshaw, A., Chemistry of the Elements, Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997. 4. Wiberg, N., Wiberg, E., and Holleman, H. F., Inorganic Chemistry, 34th Edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 2001. 5. GMELIN Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 6. Chase, M.W., Davies, C.A., Downey, J.R., Frurip, D. J., McDonald, R.A., and Syverud, A.N.; JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 14, Suppl. 1, 1985; Chase, M. W., NISTJANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph No. 9, 1998. 7. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, IV/19A, “Thermodynamic Properties of Inorganic Materials compiled by SGTE”, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg; Part 1, 1999; Part 2; 1999; Part 3, 2000; Part 4, 2001. 8. Lide, D. R., and Kehiaian, H.V., CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994. 9. Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, WileyInterscience, New York, 1985. 10. Dictionary of Inorganic Compounds, Chapman & Hall, New York, 1992. 11. Massalski, T. B., ed., Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd Edition, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1990. 12. Dinsdale, A.T., “SGTE Data for Pure Elements”, CALPHAD, 15, 317425, 1991. 13. Madelung, O., Semiconductors: Group IV Elements and III-IV Compounds, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1991. No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Actinium Actinium bromide Actinium chloride Actinium fluoride Actinium iodide Actinium oxide Aluminum
Ac AcBr3 AcCl3 AcF3 AcI3 Ac2O3 Al
7440-34-8 33689-81-5 22986-54-5 33689-80-4 33689-82-6 12002-61-8 7429-90-5
227 467 333 284 608 502 26.982
8 9 10 11
Aluminum acetate Aluminum diacetate Aluminum ammonium sulfate Aluminum ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate Aluminum antimonide Aluminum arsenide Aluminum borate Aluminum borohydride Aluminum bromate nonahydrate Aluminum bromide
Al(C2H3O2)3 Al(OH)(C2H3O2)2 AlNH4(SO4)2 AlNH4(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
139-12-8 142-03-0 7784-25-0 7784-26-1
204.113 162.078 237.146 453.329
AlSb AlAs 2Al2O3 ∙ B2O3 Al(BH4)3 Al(BrO3)3 ∙ 9H2O AlBr3
25152-52-7 22831-42-1 11121-16-7 16962-07-5 11126-81-1* 7727-15-3
148.742 101.903 273.543 71.510 572.826 266.694
12 13 14 15 16 17
tp - triple point trans - transition, transformation tricl - triclinic trig - trigonal unstab - unstable viol - violet visc - viscous vs - very soluble in wh - white xyl - xylene yel - yellow
14. Lidin, R. A., Andreeva, L. L., and Molochko, V. A., Constants of Inorganic Substances, Begell House, New York, 1995. 15. Gurvich, L. V., Veyts, I. V., and Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989. 16. The Combined Chemical Dictionary on CDROM, Version 9:1, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL, & London, 2005. 17. Macdonald, F., Editor, Chapman & Hall/CRC Combined Chemical Dictionary, <http://www.chemnetbase.com/scripts/ccdweb.exe>. 18. Sangeeta, G., and LaGraff, J. R., Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Second Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, & London, 2005. 19. Stern, K. H., High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, & London, 2001. 20. Donnay, J.D.H., and Ondik, H.M., Crystal Data Determinative Tables, Third Edition, Volumes 2 and 4, Inorganic Compounds, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, Swarthmore, PA, 1973. 21. Robie, R., Bethke, P. M., and Beardsley, K. M., Selected X-ray Crystallographic Data, Molar Volumes, and Densities of Minerals and Related Substances, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1248, 1967. 22. Carmichael, R. S., Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989. 23. Deer, W. A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J., An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals, 2nd Edition, Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex, 1992. 24. Linstrom, P. J., and Mallard, W. G., Editors, NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database No. 69, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, <http://webbook.nist.gov>. 25. Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, Volumes 1-8; ACerS-NIST Phase Equilibrium Diagrams, Volumes 9-13, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 1964-2001. Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
silv metal; cub wh hex cry wh hex cry wh hex cry wh cry wh hex cry silv-wh metal; cub cry wh hyg solid wh amorp powder wh powder col cry or powder
3198 800 subl 960 subl
brn cub cry oran cub cry; hyg needles flam liq wh hyg cry wh-yel monocl cry; hyg
1050
1977 660.32
2519
Density g cm–3 10 5.85 4.81 7.88
1065 1740 ≈1050 -64.5 62 97.5
>280 dec
Qualitative solubility s H2O
9.19 2.70
i H2O s H2O i H2O i H2O; s acid, alk
1.65
s H2O; sl ace i H2O sl H2O; i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH
dec
94.5
Solubility g/100 g H20
4.26 3.76 44.5 >100 dec 255
3.2
i H2O reac H2O s H2O reac H2O; s bz, tol
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-45
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
18 19 20 21
Aluminum bromide hexahydrate Aluminum carbide Aluminum chlorate nonahydrate Aluminum chloride
AlBr3 ∙ 6H2O Al4C3 Al(ClO3)3 ∙ 9H2O AlCl3
7784-11-4 1299-86-1 15477-33-5 7446-70-0
374.785 143.958 439.473 133.341
22 23 24 25 26 27
Aluminum chloride hexahydrate Dichloromethylaluminum Chlorodiethylaluminum Chlorodiisobutylaluminum Aluminum diboride Aluminum dodecaboride
AlCl3 ∙ 6H2O AlCl2CH3 AlCl(C2H5)2 AlCl(C4H9)2 AlB2 AlB12
7784-13-6 917-65-7 96-10-6 1779-25-5 12041-50-8 12041-54-2
241.432 112.923 120.557 176.664 48.604 156.714
28
Aluminum ethanolate
Al(C2H5O)3
555-75-9
162.163
29
Aluminum fluoride
AlF3
7784-18-1
30 31 32
AlF3 ∙ H2O AlF3 ∙ 3H2O Al2(SiF6)3 ∙ 9H2O
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
Aluminum fluoride monohydrate Aluminum fluoride trihydrate Aluminum hexafluorosilicate nonahydrate Aluminum hydride Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum hydroxychloride Aluminum iodide Aluminum iodide hexahydrate Aluminum lactate Aluminum molybdate Aluminum nitrate Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate
42 43 44 45 46
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
col-yel hyg cry yel hex cry hyg cry wh hex cry or powder; hyg col hyg cry cry col liq hyg col liq powder yel-brn prisms
93 2100
>2200 dec
2.54 2.36
192.6
180 sp
2.48
45.125
2.398
45.125
140
83.977
liq, condenses to wh solid wh hex cry
32287-65-3 15098-87-0 17099-70-6
101.992 138.023 642.329
orth cry wh hyg cry hex prisms
AlH3 Al(OH)3 Al2(OH)5Cl ∙ 2H2O AlI3 AlI3 ∙ 6H2O Al(C3H5O3)3 Al2(MoO4)3 Al(NO3)3 Al(NO3)3 ∙ 9H2O
7784-21-6 21645-51-2 1327-41-9 7784-23-8 10090-53-6 18917-91-4 15123-80-5 13473-90-0 7784-27-2
30.006 78.004 210.483 407.695 515.786 294.192 533.78 212.997 375.134
Aluminum nitride Aluminum oleate Aluminum oxalate monohydrate Aluminum oxide (α) Aluminum oxide (γ)
AlN Al(C18H33O2)3 Al2(C2O4)3 ∙ H2O Al2O3 Al2O3
24304-00-5 688-37-9 814-87-9 1344-28-1 1344-28-1
40.989 871.342 336.035 101.961 101.961
col hex cry wh amorp powder gl solid wh leaflets yel hyg cry powder powder wh pow wh hyg solid wh hyg monocl cry blue-wh hex cry yel solid wh pow wh powder; hex soft wh pow
47
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (boehmite)
AlO(OH)
1318-23-6
59.989
wh orth cry
48 49 50
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (diaspore) AlO(OH) Aluminum palmitate Al(C15H31COO)3 Aluminum 2,4-pentanedioate Al(CH3COCHCOCH3)3
14457-84-2 555-35-1 13963-57-0
59.989 793.230 324.306
orth cry wh-yel powder pale yel prisms
51 52 53 54 55
Aluminum perchlorate Aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate Aluminum phosphate Aluminum phosphate dihydrate Aluminum phosphate trihydroxide
Al(ClO4)3 Al(ClO4)3 ∙ 9H2O AlPO4 AlPO4 ∙ 2H2O Al2(OH)3PO4
14452-39-2 14452-39-2 7784-30-7 13477-75-3 12004-29-4
325.334 487.471 121.953 157.984 199.957
56 57 58 59 60 61
Aluminum metaphosphate Aluminum hypophosphite Aluminum phosphide Aluminum selenide Aluminum silicate (andalusite) Aluminum silicate (kyanite)
Al(PO3)3 Al(H2PO2)3 AlP Al2Se3 Al2SiO5 Al2SiO5
32823-06-6 7784-22-7 20859-73-8 1302-82-5 12183-80-1 1302-76-7
263.898 221.948 57.956 290.84 162.046 162.046
62 63 64
Aluminum silicate (mullite) Aluminum silicate (sillimanite) Aluminum silicate dihydrate
3Al2O3 ∙ 2SiO2 Al2SiO5 Al2O3 ∙ 2SiO2 ∙ 2H2O
1302-93-8 12141-45-6 1332-58-7
426.052 162.046 258.161
65
Aluminum stearate
Al(C18H35O2)3
637-12-7
877.390
wh hyg cry wh hyg cry wh rhomb plates wh rhom cry wh or yel monocl cry col powder; tetr cry powder grn or yel cub cry yel-brown powder gray-grn cry blue or gray tricl cry col orth cry wh orth cry wh-yel powder; tricl wh powder
66 67 68 69 70 71
Aluminum monostearate Aluminum distearate Aluminum sulfate Aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate Aluminum sulfide Aluminum telluride
Al(OH)2(C18H35O2) Al(OH)(C18H35O2)2 Al2(SO4)3 Al2(SO4)3 ∙ 18H2O Al2S3 Al2Te3
7047-84-9 300-92-5 10043-01-3 7784-31-8 1302-81-4 12043-29-7
344.467 610.928 342.151 666.426 150.158 436.76
yel-wh pow wh pow wh cry col monocl cry yel-gray powder gray-blk hex cry
100 dec 72.7 -74 -40 >920 dec 2070
2250 tp (220 MPa)
95100 0.96 0.95 3.19 2.55
1276 sp
3.10
0.5025
2.17 1.914
0.5025 0.5025
>500 dec
s EtOH, eth s bz, eth, hc reac H2O s eth, hx s dil HCl s hot HNO3; i acid, alk reac H2O; sl xyl
reac H2O i H2O; s alk, acid s H2O reac H2O vs H2O; s EtOH, eth vs H2O
2.42 188.28
382
3.98
≈950 dec 73
135 dec
1.72
3000
68.925 68.925
2977
194.6
315
vs EtOH; sl ace vs EtOH; i pyr reac H2O i H2O; s EtOH, bz i H2O, EtOH; s acid i H2O, os; sl alk i H2O; s acid; sl alk
3.255
2054 trans to corundum 1200 trans to diasphore 227 dec 450
3.99 3.97
3.07
i H2O; s hot acid, alk
3.38
i H2O; s acid, alk i H2O, EtOH; s peth i H20; s bz, EtOH; sl hex s H2O, eth; i ctc
1.27
82 dec >1460 dec 1500
2.0 2.56 2.54 2.7
≈1525 220 dec 2550 960
2.78
1750 1816
s H2O, EtOH, CS2 reac H2O vs H2O; s EtOH s bz, ctc, chl
s H2O
>150 dec
dec 1000
Qualitative solubility
550 182.40
i H2O; sl acid i H2O
i H2O i H2O; s alk, acid reac H2O reac H2O
2.40 3.437 3.145 3.68 3.17 3.25 2.59
i H2O, acid, HF
115
1.070
155 145 1040 dec 86 dec 1100 ≈895
1.02
i H2O, EtOH, eth; s alk i H2O i H2O i EtOH
1.69 2.02 4.5
i H2O, acid, alk
38.525 38.525
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-46 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
72 73 74 75
Aluminum thiocyanate Aluminum titanate Aluminum zirconium Americium
Al(SCN)3 Al2TiO5 Al2Zr Am
538-17-0 12004-39-6 12004-50-1 7440-35-9
201.229 181.827 145.187 243
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
Americium(III) oxide Americium(III) bromide Americium(III) chloride Americium(III) fluoride Americium(III) iodide Americium(IV) fluoride Americium(IV) oxide Ammonia Ammonium acetate Ammonium azide Ammonium benzoate Ammonium bromate Ammonium bromide Ammonium caprylate
Am2O3 AmBr3 AmCl3 AmF3 AmI3 AmF4 AmO2 NH3 NH4C2H3O2 NH4N3 NH4C7H5O2 NH4BrO3 NH4Br NH4C8H15O2
12254-64-7 14933-38-1 13464-46-5 13708-80-0 13813-47-3 15947-41-8 12005-67-3 7664-41-7 631-61-8 12164-94-2 1863-63-4 13843-59-9 12124-97-9 5972-76-9
534 483 349 300 624 319 275 17.031 77.083 60.059 139.152 145.941 97.943 161.243
yel powder refrac solid metallic solid silv metal; hex or cub tan hex cry wh orth cry pink hex cry pink hex cry yel ortho cry tan monocl cry blk cub cry col gas wh hyg cry orth cry; flam wh cry or powder col hex cry wh hyg tetr cry hyg monocl cry
90 91 92 93 94
Ammonium carbamate Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chlorate Ammonium chloride Ammonium chromate
NH2COONH4 (NH4)2CO3 NH4ClO3 NH4Cl (NH4)2CrO4
1111-78-0 506-87-6 10192-29-7 12125-02-9 7788-98-9
78.071 96.086 101.490 53.492 152.071
95
Ammonium chromic sulfate dodecahydrate Ammonium cobalt(II) phosphate
NH4Cr(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
10022-47-6
CoNH4PO4
96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Ammonium cobalt(II) phosphate monohydrate Ammonium cobalt(II) sulfate hexahydrate Ammonium copper(II) chloride Ammonium copper(II) chloride dihydrate Ammonium cyanide Ammonium dichromate Ammonium dihydrogen arsenate Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Ammonium O,Odiethyldithiophosphate Ammonium dithiocarbamate Ammonium ferricyanide trihydrate Ammonium ferrocyanide trihydrate Ammonium fluoride Ammonium fluorosulfonate Ammonium formate Ammonium heptafluorotantalate Ammonium hexabromoosmate(IV)
Physical form mp/°C
2011
500 1393 ≈950 >1000 dec -77.73 114 160 198 exp 542 dec ≈75
-33.33 exp
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility s H2O; i EtOH, eth
12
s acid
11.77 6.85 5.87 9.53 6.9 7.23 11.68 0.696 g/L 1.073 1.346 1.26
s acid s H2O
1484 20.230
s acid vs H2O; s EtOH, eth s EtOH; sl ace s H2O; sl EtOH vs H2O s EtOH, ace; sl eth reac H2O; s EtOH; i chl, bz vs H2O; s EtOH
396 sp
2.429
78.325
cry powder col cry powder wh cry col cub cry yel cry
58 dec 102 exp 520.1 tp (dec) 338 sp 185 dec
1.80 1.519 1.90
10015 28.70 39.525 3725
478.343
blue-viol cry
94 dec
1.72
14590-13-7
171.943
CoNH4PO4 ∙ H2O
16827-96-6
189.959
(NH4)2Co(SO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
13586-38-4
395.227
red-viol powder (hyd) red-purp orth dec 450 plates red monocl prisms
1.90
s H2O; i EtOH
CuCl2 ∙ 2NH4Cl CuCl2 ∙ 2NH4Cl ∙ 2H2O
10060-13-6* 10060-13-6
241.435 277.465
yel hyg orth cry blue-grn tetr cry
110 dec
1.993
s H2O s H2O, EtOH
NH4CN (NH4)2Cr2O7
12211-52-8 7789-09-5
44.056 252.065
dec 180 dec
1.10 2.155
35.620
NH4H2AsO4 NH4H2PO4 (C2H5O)2P(S)SNH4
13462-93-6 7722-76-1 1068-22-0
158.975 115.026 203.264
col tetr cry oran-red monocl cry; hyg tetr cry wh tetr cry cry
300 dec 190 165
2.311 1.80
52.725 40.425
NH4NH2CSS (NH4)3Fe(CN)6 ∙ 3H2O (NH4)4Fe(CN)6 ∙ 3H2O NH4F NH4SO3F NH4CHO2 (NH4)2TaF7 (NH4)2OsBr6
513-74-6 14221-48-8* 14481-29-9* 12125-01-8 13446-08-7 540-69-2 12022-02-5 24598-62-7
110.202 320.110 338.149 37.037 117.100 63.057 350.014 705.73
yel ortho cry red cry yel cry wh hex cry; hyg col needles hyg cry hyg cry small blk cubes
99 dec
1.45
(NH4)2PtBr6 (NH4)3IrCl6 (NH4)2IrCl6 (NH4)2OsCl6 (NH4)2PdCl6
17363-02-9 15752-05-3 16940-92-4 12125-08-5 19168-23-1
710.585 459.050 441.012 439.03 355.22
powder grn pow blk cry powder red cry or powder red-brn hyg cry
(NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2RuCl6
16919-58-7 18746-63-9
443.879 349.87
red-oran cub cry red cry
121 122 123 124
Ammonium hexabromoplatinate(IV) Ammonium hexachloroiridate(III) Ammonium hexachloroiridate(IV) Ammonium hexachloroosmate(IV) Ammonium hexachloropalladate(IV) Ammonium hexachloroplatinate(IV) Ammonium hexachlororuthenate(IV) Ammonium hexafluoroaluminate Ammonium hexafluorogallate Ammonium hexafluorogermanate Ammonium hexafluorophosphate
(NH4)3AlF6 (NH4)3GaF6 (NH4)2GeF6 NH4PF6
7784-19-2 14639-94-2 16962-47-3 16941-11-0
195.087 237.828 222.71 163.003
cub cry col cub cry wh cry wh cub cry
125 126
Ammonium hexafluorosilicate Ammonium hexafluorotitanate
(NH4)2SiF6 (NH4)2TiF
16919-19-0 16962-40-6
178.153 197.934
wh cub or trig cry wh solid
119 120
1860 1645 1176
bp/°C
sl ace, MeOH; i EtOH s H2O; sl EtOH i H2O; s acid s acid
dec 238 245 116
1.015
83.525
1.27
14320
vs H2O
sl EtOH; i ace
s H2O s H2O; i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH sl EtOH s H2O, EtOH, MeOH s EtOH sl H2O; s glycerol; i EtOH
145 dec
0.5920
dec
1.0925
dec
2.856 2.93 2.418
380 dec
3.065
0.520
>200 dec 380 58 dec
1.78 2.10 2.564 2.180
subl
dec
subl
2.011
s H2O, EtOH
i EtOH
s H2O
22.725
s H2O; i EtOH vs H2O; s ace, EtOH, MeOH i EtOH, ace s H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-47
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
127 128 129 130 131 132 133
(NH4)2ZrF6 (NH4)2HAsO4 NH4HCO3 (NH4)2HC6H5O7 NH4HF2 NH4C4H5O5 NH4HC2O4 ∙ H2O
16919-31-6 7784-44-3 1066-33-7 3012-65-5 1341-49-7 5972-71-4 5972-72-5*
241.291 176.004 79.056 226.184 57.044 151.118 125.081
wh hex cry wh powder col or wh prisms col cry wh orth cry orth cry col rhomb cry
(NH4)2HPO4 (NH4)2HPO3 ∙ H2O
7783-28-0 51503-61-8
132.055 134.071
wh cry hyg cry
155 dec
1.619
69.525
i EtOH, ace s H2O
136 137 138 139 140
Ammonium hexafluorozirconate(IV) Ammonium hydrogen arsenate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Ammonium hydrogen citrate Ammonium hydrogen fluoride Ammonium hydrogen malate Ammonium hydrogen oxalate monohydrate Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Ammonium hydrogen phosphite monohydrate Ammonium hydrogen selenate Ammonium hydrogen sulfate Ammonium hydrogen sulfide Ammonium hydrogen sulfite Ammonium hydrogen tartrate
NH4HSeO4 NH4HSO4 NH4HS NH4HSO3 NH4HC4H4O6
10294-60-7 7803-63-6 12124-99-1 10192-30-0 3095-65-6
162.01 115.110 51.112 99.110 167.117
rhom cry wh hyg cry wh tetr or orth cry col cry wh cry
dec 147 dec dec
2.162 1.78 1.17 2.03 1.68
10020 1280 71.80
i EtOH, ace, py sl ace; i bz, eth
141 142
Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium hypophosphite
NH4OH NH4H2PO2
1336-21-6 7803-65-8
35.046 83.028
exists only in soln wh hyg cry
143 144 145
Ammonium iodate Ammonium iodide Ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate Ammonium iron(III) chromate Ammonium iron(III) oxalate trihydrate Ammonium iron(III) sulfate dodecahydrate Ammonium lactate
NH4IO3 NH4I (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
13446-09-8 12027-06-4 7783-85-9
192.941 144.943 392.139
150 551 dec ≈100 dec
NH4Fe(CrO4)2 (NH4)3Fe(C2O4)3 ∙ 3H2O
7789-08-4 13268-42-3
305.871 428.063
NH4Fe(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
7783-83-7
482.192
wh powder wh tetr cry; hyg blue-grn monocl cry red powder grn monocl cry; hyg col to viol cry
NH4C3H5O3
52003-58-4
107.108
col cry
92
NH4MgCl3 ∙ 6H2O
39733-35-2
256.794
hyg cry
dec 100
(NH4)2HgCl4 ∙ 2H2O
33445-15-7*
414.51
powder
s H2O; sl EtOH
(NH4)6W7O24 ∙ 6H2O
12028-48-7
1887.19
wh cry
s H2O; i EtOH
134 135
146 147 148 149 150
bp/°C
107 dec 125 160 dec
240 dec
Density g cm–3 1.154 1.99 1.586 1.48 1.50 1.15 1.56
Solubility g/100 g H20 24.825 60.220
sl H2O; s alk; i EtOH
dec
vs H2O; sl EtOH; i ace 405 sp
3.3 2.514 1.86
3.8425 17825
1.780
i H2O vs H2O; i EtOH
≈37
1.71
vs H2O; i EtOH
1.46
17
7803-55-6 12054-85-2
116.979 1235.86
wh-yel cry col or grn-yel cry
200 dec 90 dec
155 156 157
(NH4)2Mo2O7 (NH4)3PO4 ∙ 12MoO3 NH4NO3
27546-07-2 12026-66-3 6484-52-2
339.95 1876.35 80.043
cry grn or yel cry wh hyg cry; orth
dec 169.7
158 159 160 161 162 163
Ammonium nitrite Ammonium nitroferricyanide Ammonium oleate Ammonium oxalate Ammonium oxalate monohydrate Ammonium palmitate
NH4NO2 (NH4)2Fe(CN)5NO NH4C18H33O2 (NH4)2C2O4 (NH4)2C2O4 ∙ H2O NH4C15H31CO2
13446-48-5 14402-70-1 544-60-5 1113-38-8 6009-70-7 593-26-0
64.044 252.016 299.493 124.096 142.110 273.455
wh-yel cry red-brn cry yel-brn paste col sol wh orth cry yel-wh powder
164
NH4B5O8 ∙ 4H2O
12007-89-5
272.150
wh cry
(NH4)2RhCl5 ∙ H2O
63771-33-5
334.262
red cry
dec 210
166 167
Ammonium pentaborate tetrahydrate Ammonium pentachlororhodate(III) monohydrate Ammonium pentachlorozincate Ammonium perchlorate
(NH4)3ZnCl5 NH4ClO4
14639-98-6 7790-98-9
296.789 117.490
hyg orth cry wh orth cry
dec, exp
1.81 1.95
24.525
168 169
Ammonium permanganate Ammonium peroxydisulfate
NH4MnO4 (NH4)2S2O8
13446-10-1 7727-54-0
136.975 228.202
70 dec dec
2.22 1.982
7.915 83.525
170 171 172
Ammonium perrhenate Ammonium phosphate trihydrate Ammonium phosphomolybdate monohydrate Ammonium phosphotungstate dihydrate Ammonium picrate Ammonium polysulfide Ammonium salicylate
NH4ReO4 (NH4)3PO4 ∙ 3H2O (NH4)3PO4 ∙ 12MoO3 ∙ H2O (NH4)3PO4 ∙ 12WO3 ∙ 2H2O NH4C6H2N3O7 (NH4)2Sx NH4C7H5O3
13598-65-7 10361-65-6* 54723-94-3
268.244 203.133 1894.36
purp rhomb cry monocl cry or wh powder col powder wh prisms yel cry or powder
3.97
6.2320 25.025 0.02
1311-90-6
2967.18
cry powder
131-74-8 9080-17-5 528-94-9
246.135
yel orth cry yel unstab soln wh cry powder
153 154
165
173 174 175 176
155.151
sl EtOH, MeOH s H2O; i EtOH
≈160 dec
NH4VO3 (NH4)6Mo7O24 ∙ 4H2O
152
s H2O s H2O i EtOH, bz vs H2O; sl EtOH s H2O; sl EtOH sl H2O, EtOH
Ammonium magnesium chloride hexahydrate Ammonium mercuric chloride dihydrate Ammonium metatungstate hexahydrate Ammonium metavanadate Ammonium molybdate(VI) tetrahydrate Ammonium dimolybdate Ammonium molybdophosphate Ammonium nitrate
151
Qualitative solubility
60 exp
dec 200260
20
2.326 2.498
4.820 43
i EtOH
1.72
0.0220 21325
s H2O sl H2O; s alk sl MeOH
1.69
22125
1.5 1.50
5.2025 5.2025
21 dec 22
s H2O, EtOH; sl MeOH; i ace, eth s H2O
i eth s H2O, EtOH s H2O; sl ace sl EtOH s H2O; sl bz, xyl; i ace, EtOH, ctc
7.0318
dec
vs H2O s MeOH; sl EtOH, ace; i eth
i ace
sl H2O exp
1.72
sl H2O reac acids vs H2O; s EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-48 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
177 178 179
Ammonium selenate Ammonium selenite Ammonium stearate
(NH4)2SeO4 (NH4)2SeO3 NH4C18H35O2
7783-21-3 7783-19-9 1002-89-7
179.04 163.04 301.509
wh monocl cry wh or red hyg cry yel-wh powder
dec dec 22
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
Ammonium sulfamate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium sulfide Ammonium sulfite Ammonium sulfite monohydrate Ammonium tartrate Ammonium tellurate Ammonium tetraborate tetrahydrate Ammonium tetrachloroaluminate Ammonium tetrachloropalladate(II)
NH4NH2SO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)2S (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO3 ∙ H2O (NH4)2C4H4O6 (NH4)2TeO4 (NH4)2B4O7 ∙ 4H2O NH4AlCl4 (NH4)2PdCl4
7773-06-0 7783-20-2 12135-76-1 17026-44-7 7783-11-1 3164-29-2 13453-06-0 12228-87-4 7784-14-7 13820-40-1
114.124 132.140 68.142 116.140 134.155 184.147 227.68 263.377 186.833 284.31
131 280 dec ≈0 dec
190 191
Ammonium tetrachloroplatinate(II) Ammonium tetrachlorozincate
(NH4)2PtCl4 (NH4)2ZnCl4
13820-41-2 14639-97-5
372.973 243.298
192 193 194
Ammonium tetrafluoroantimonate Ammonium tetrafluoroborate Ammonium tetrathiocyanodiammo nochromate(III) monohydrate Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate Ammonium tetrathiotungstate Ammonium tetrathiovandate Ammonium thiocyanate
NH4SbF4 NH4BF4 NH4[Cr(NH3)2(SCN)4] ∙ H2O (NH4)2MoS4 (NH4)2WS4 (NH4)3VS4 NH4SCN
14972-90-8 13826-83-0 13573-16-5
215.793 104.844 354.440
wh hyg cry wh or brn orth cry yel-oran cry wh hyg cry col cry wh cry wh powder wh tetr cry wh hyg solid grn cry or red-brn pow red cry wh orth plates; hyg col cry wh powder; orth red cry
15060-55-6 13862-78-7 14693-56-2 1762-95-4
260.28 348.18 233.317 76.121
red cry oran cry dark viol cry col hyg cry
(NH4)2S2O3 (NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2 ∙ H2O
7783-18-8 10580-03-7
148.205 293.996
wh cry hyg cry
(NH4)10W12O41 (NH4)10W12O41 ∙ 5H2O
11120-25-5 1311-93-9
3042.44 3132.52
cry powder cry pow or plates
203
Ammonium thiosulfate Ammonium titanium oxalate monohydrate Ammonium tungstate(VI) Ammonium tungstate(VI) pentahydrate Ammonium uranate(VI)
(NH4)2U2O7
7783-22-4
624.131
204
Ammonium uranium fluoride
UO2(NH4)3F5
18433-40-4
419.135
205 206 207 208 209 210 211
Ammonium valerate Antimony (gray) Antimony (black) Stibine Trimethylstibine Pentamethylstibine Tetramethyldistibine
NH4C4H9CO2 Sb Sb SbH3 Sb(CH3)3 Sb(CH3)5 [Sb(CH3)2]2
42739-38-8 7440-36-0 7440-36-0 7803-52-3 594-10-5 15120-50-0 41422-43-9
119.163 121.760 121.760 124.784 166.863 196.933 303.658
212 213
SbAs K2(SbC4H2O6)2 ∙ 3H2O
12322-34-8 28300-74-5
196.682 667.873
214 215
Antimony arsenide Antimony potassium tartrate trihydrate Antimony(III) acetate Antimony(III) bromide
red-yel amorp powder grn-yel monocl cry hyg cry silv metal; hex blk amorp solid col gas; flam col flam liq col hyg liq yel flam liq or red solid hex cry col cry
Sb(C2H3O2)3 SbBr3
3643-76-3 7789-61-9
298.891 361.472
wh pow yel orth cry; hyg
97
288
4.35
216
Antimony(III) chloride
SbCl3
10025-91-9
228.119
col orth cry; hyg
73.4
220.3
3.14
98725
217 218
Antimony(III) fluoride Antimony(III) iodide
SbF3 SbI3
7783-56-4 7790-44-5
178.755 502.473
wh orth cry; hyg red rhomb cry
287 171
376 400
4.38 4.92
49225
219
Antimony(III) iodide sulfide
SbIS
13816-38-1
280.729
400
220 221 222
Antimony(III) oxide (senarmontite) Antimony(III) oxide (valentinite) Antimony(III) oxychloride
Sb2O3 Sb2O3 SbOCl
1309-64-4 1309-64-4 7791-08-4
291.518 291.518 173.212
dark red prisms or needles col cub cry wh orth cry wh momo cry
1425 1425
5.58 5.7
223 224
SbPO4 K3Sb(C2O4)3 ∙ 3H2O
12036-46-3 5965-33-3*
216.731 557.158
cry pow cry pow
225 226
Antimony(III) phosphate Antimony(III) potassium oxalate trihydrate Antimony(III) selenide Antimony(III) sulfate
sl H2O; i os sl H2O; i os reac H2O; i EtOH, eth reac H2O s H2O
Sb2Se3 Sb2(SO4)3
1315-05-5 7446-32-4
480.40 531.708
611 dec
5.81 3.62
sl H2O sl H2O
227 228
Antimony(III) sulfide Antimony(III) telluride
Sb2S3 Sb2Te3
1345-04-6 1327-50-0
339.715 626.32
grn orth cry wh cry powder; hyg gray-blk orth cry gray cry
550 620
4.562 6.5
i H2O; s conc HCl
195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202
bp/°C
Density g cm–3 2.194
11725 12125
0.89 160 dec 1.77
dec dec dec dec 87 304
1.41 1.601 3.024
dec 150 dec
2.936 1.879
487 dec 270 dec
1.871
76.425 64.225 64.225
Qualitative solubility i EtOH, ace sl H2O, bz; s EtOH, MeOH; i ace vs H2O; sl EtOH i EtOH, ace s H2O, EtOH, alk i EtOH, ace s H2O vs H2O; s HNO3 s H2O, eth s H2O
100 dec dec ≈149
Solubility g/100 g H20
s H2O; i EtOH vs H2O
2520
s H2O, EtOH, ace; i bz vs H2O s H2O
2.71 dec
150 dec
1.30
s H2O
18125
1.678
vs EtOH; s ace; i chl vs H2O; i EtOH, eth vs H2O
2.3 2.3
s H2O; i EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH i H2O, alk; s acid s H2O; i EtOH
108 630.628 trans gray 0 -88 -62 -19 17
1587
6.68
-17 81 127
5.100 g/L 1.52
≈680
570 trans 655 170 dec
vs H2O, EtOH; s eth i dil acid sl H2O; s EtOH reac H2O
6.0 2.6
sl H2O
reac H2O; s ace, bz, chl s acid, EtOH, bz, ace reac H2O; s EtOH, ace; i ctc
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-49
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
229 230 231 232 233 234 235
Antimony(III,V) oxide Antimony(V) chloride Antimony(V) fluoride Antimony(V) dichlorotrifluoride Antimony(V) oxide Antimony(V) sulfide Argon
Sb2O4 SbCl5 SbF5 SbCl2F3 Sb2O5 Sb2S5 Ar
1332-81-6 7647-18-9 7783-70-2 7791-16-4 1314-60-9 1315-04-4 7440-37-1
307.518 299.025 216.752 249.661 323.517 403.845 39.948
yel orth cry col or yel liq hyg visc liq visc liq yel powder; cub oran-yel powder col gas
236
Arsenic (gray)
As
7440-38-2
74.922
gray metal; rhomb
237
Arsenic (black)
As
7440-38-2
74.922
blk amorp solid
238
Arsenic (yellow)
As
7440-38-2
74.922
soft yel cub cry
239 240 241 242 243 244 245
Arsine Diarsine Arsenic acid Arsenic acid hemihydrate Arsenious acid Arsenic diiodide Arsenic hemiselenide
AsH3 As2H4 H3AsO4 H3AsO4 ∙ 0.5H2O H3AsO3 As2I4 As2Se
7784-42-1 15942-63-9 7778-39-4 7778-39-4* 13464-58-9 13770-56-4 1303-35-1
77.946 153.875 141.944 150.951 125.944 657.461 228.80
col gas unstab liq exists only in soln wh hyg cry exists only in soln red cry blk cry
246 247
Arsenic sulfide Arsenic(III) bromide
As4S4 AsBr3
12279-90-2 7784-33-0
427.946 314.634
320 31.1
248
Arsenic(III) chloride
AsCl3
7784-34-1
181.281
red monocl cry col or yel orth cry; hyg col liq
249 250
Arsenic(III) ethoxide Arsenic(III) fluoride
As(C2H5O)3 AsF3
3141-12-6 7784-35-2
210.103 131.917
251
Arsenic(III) iodide
AsI3
7784-45-4
252 253
Arsenic(III) oxide (arsenolite) Arsenic(III) oxide (claudetite)
As2O3 As2O3
254 255
Arsenic(III) selenide Arsenic(III) sulfide
256 257 258
4 8.3 dec 75 dec -189.36 tp (69 kPa) 817 tp (3.70 MPa) trans gray As 270 trans gray As 358 -116
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
140 dec 141
6.64 2.34 3.10
-185.847
3.78 4.120 1.633 g/L
616 sp
5.75
Solubility g/100 g H20
0.320
Qualitative solubility reac H2O; s chl, ctc reac H2O reac H2O i H2O; s acid, alk sl H2O i H2O
4.9 1.97
s CS2
3.186 g/L
sl H2O
2.5
vs H2O, EtOH
565 221
3.5 3.40
-16
130
2.150
reac H2O; s os i H2O, os; dec acid, alk i H2O; sl bz; s alk reac H2O; s hc, ctc; vs eth, bz reac H2O; vs chl, ctc, eth
liq col liq
-5.9
166 57.13
1.21 2.7
455.635
red hex cry
141
424
4.73
1327-53-3 1327-53-3
197.841 197.841
wh cub cry wh monocl cry
274 314
460 460
3.86 3.74
As2Se3 As2S3
1303-36-2 1303-33-9
386.72 246.038
260 312
707
4.75 3.46
Arsenic(III) telluride Arsenic(V) chloride Arsenic(V) fluoride
As2Te3 AsCl5 AsF5
12044-54-1 22441-45-8 7784-36-3
532.64 252.187 169.914
brn-blk solid yel-oran monocl cry blk monocl cry stab at low temp col gas
621 ≈-50 dec -79.8
259 260
Arsenic(V) oxide Arsenic(V) selenide
As2O5 As2Se5
1303-28-2 1303-37-3
229.840 544.64
wh amorp powder blk solid
315 dec
261
Arsenic(V) sulfide
As2S5
1303-34-0
310.168
dec
262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273
Astatine Barium Barium acetate Barium acetate monohydrate Barium aluminate Barium aluminide Barium azide Barium bismuthate Barium bromate Barium bromate monohydrate Barium bromide Barium bromide dihydrate
At Ba Ba(C2H3O2)2 Ba(C2H3O2)2 ∙ H2O BaAl2O4 BaAl4 Ba(N3)2 BaBiO3 Ba(BrO3)2 Ba(BrO3)2 ∙ H2O BaBr2 BaBr2 ∙ 2H2O
7440-68-8 7440-39-3 543-80-6 5908-64-5 12004-04-5 12672-79-6 18810-58-7 12785-50-1 13967-90-3 10326-26-8 10553-31-8 7791-28-8
210 137.327 255.416 273.431 255.288 245.253 221.367 394.305 393.131 411.147 297.135 333.166
brn-yel amorp solid cry silv-yel metal; cub wh powder wh cry hex cry metallic solid monocl cry; exp bronze cry col monocl cry wh monocl cry wh orth cry wh cry
274 275 276
Barium calcium tungstate Barium carbide Barium carbonate
Ba2CaWO6 BaC2 BaCO3
15552-14-4 50813-65-5 513-77-9
594.57 161.348 197.336
cub cry gray tetr cry wh orth cry
277 278 279 280 281 282
Barium chlorate Barium chlorate monohydrate Barium chloride Barium chloride dihydrate Barium chloride fluoride Barium chromate(V)
Ba(ClO3)2 Ba(ClO3)2 ∙ H2O BaCl2 BaCl2 ∙ 2H2O BaClF Ba3(CrO4)2
13477-00-4 10294-38-9 10361-37-2 10326-27-9 13718-55-3 12345-14-1
304.229 322.245 208.233 244.264 191.778 643.968
wh cry wh monocl cry wh orth cry; hyg wh monocl cry wh cry grn-blk hex cry
-62.5 ≈100
36.1 137
302 727
1420 dec 1380 dec; 1555 (high pres.) 414 120 dec 961 ≈120 dec
2.0525 2.0525
s dil acid, alk; i EtOH i H2O; s alk i H2O; s alk
6.50 -52.8
6.945 g/L 4.32
1897
110 dec 1827 1097 ≈120 dec 1040 dec 260 dec 857 75 dec
reac H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz sl H2O, EtOH, eth; s bz. tol
1835
1560
65.820
reac H2O; s EtOH, bz, eth vs EtOH i H2O, EtOH, eth; s alk i H2O; s alk s HNO3, os reac H2O; sl EtOH
3.62 2.47 2.19
79.225 79.225
2.936
17.320
sl EtOH; i eth
3.99 4.781 3.7
0.7925 0.83125 10025 10025
s ace i EtOH
3.74 4.308
0.001420
3.179 3.9 3.097
37.925 37.925 37.025 37.025
5.25
sl EtOH
s MeOH; i EtOH, ace, diox reac H2O s acid sl EtOH, ace s acid; sl EtOH, ace i EtOH s H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-50 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
283 284 285
Barium chromate(VI) Barium citrate monohydrate Barium copper yttrium oxide
BaCrO4 Ba3(C6H5O7)2 ∙ H2O BaCuY2O5
10294-40-3 512-25-4* 82642-06-6
253.321 808.195 458.682
286
Barium copper yttrium oxide
Ba2Cu3YO7
109064-29-1
666.194
287
Barium copper yttrium oxide
Ba2Cu4YO8
114104-80-2
745.739
288
Barium copper yttrium oxide
Ba4Cu7Y2O15
124365-83-9
1411.933
289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297
Barium cyanide Barium dichromate dihydrate Barium disilicate Barium dithionate dihydrate Barium ferrite Barium ferrocyanide hexahydrate Barium fluoride Barium formate Barium hexaboride
Ba(CN)2 BaCr2O7 ∙ 2H2O BaSi2O5 BaS2O6 ∙ 2H2O BaFe12O19 Ba2Fe(CN)6 ∙ 6H2O BaF2 Ba(CHO2)2 BaB6
542-62-1 10031-16-0 12650-28-1 13845-17-5 11138-11-7 13821-06-2* 7787-32-8 541-43-5 12046-08-1
189.361 389.346 273.495 333.484 1111.456 594.694 175.324 227.362 202.193
yel orth cry gray-wh cry grn cry; not superconductor blk solid; HT superconductor HT superconductor HT superconductor wh cry powder brn-red needles wh orth cry wh cry magnetic solid yel monocl cry wh cub cry cry blk cub cry
298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307
Barium hexafluorogermanate Barium hexafluorosilicate Barium hydride Barium hydrogen phosphate Barium hydrosulfide Barium hydrosulfide tetrahydrate Barium hydroxide Barium hydroxide monohydrate Barium hydroxide octahydrate Barium hypophosphite monohydrate Barium iodate Barium iodate monohydrate Barium iodide Barium iodide dihydrate Barium manganate(VI) Barium metaborate monohydrate Barium metaborate dihydrate Barium metaphosphate Barium metasilicate Barium molybdate Barium niobate Barium nitrate Barium nitride Barium nitrite Barium nitrite monohydrate Barium orthovanadate Barium oxalate Barium oxalate monohydrate Barium oxide
BaGeF6 BaSiF6 BaH2 BaHPO4 Ba(HS)2 Ba(HS)2 ∙ 4H2O Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 ∙ H2O Ba(OH)2 ∙ 8H2O Ba(H2PO2)2 ∙ H2O
17125-80-3 13477-09-3 10048-98-3 25417-81-6 12230-74-9 17194-00-2 22326-55-2 12230-71-6 14871-79-5*
323.96 279.403 139.343 233.306 203.473 275.534 171.342 189.357 315.464 285.320
Ba(IO3)2 Ba(IO3)2 ∙ H2O BaI2 BaI2 ∙ 2H2O BaMnO4 Ba(BO2)2 ∙ H2O Ba(BO2)2 ∙ 2H2O Ba(PO3)2 BaSiO3 BaMoO4 Ba(NbO3)2 Ba(NO3)2 Ba3N2 Ba(NO2)2 Ba(NO2)2 ∙ H2O Ba3(VO4)2 BaC2O4 BaC2O4 ∙ H2O BaO
10567-69-8 7787-34-0 13718-50-8 7787-33-9 7787-35-1 26124-86-7 23436-05-7 13466-20-1 13255-26-0 7787-37-3 12009-14-2 10022-31-8 12047-79-9 13465-94-6 7787-38-4 39416-30-3 516-02-9 13463-22-4 1304-28-5
487.132 505.148 391.136 427.167 256.263 240.962 258.977 295.271 213.411 297.27 419.136 261.336 439.994 229.338 247.353 641.859 225.346 243.361 153.326
Ba(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 ∙ 8H2O Ba(ClO4)2 Ba(ClO4)2 ∙ 3H2O
12084-29-6*
328 329
Barium 2,4-pentanedioate octahydrate Barium perchlorate Barium perchlorate trihydrate
330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341
Barium permanganate Barium peroxide Barium plumbate Barium potassium chromate Barium pyrophosphate Barium selenate Barium selenide Barium selenite Barium silicide Barium sodium niobate Barium stannate Barium stannate trihydrate
Ba(MnO4)2 BaO2 BaPbO3 BaK2(CrO4)2 Ba2P2O7 BaSeO4 BaSe BaSeO3 BaSi2 Ba2Na(NbO3)5 BaSnO3 BaSnO3 ∙ 3H2O
308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
1380
4.50
Solubility g/100 g H20
0.0002620
3.70 4.54
22.120
2070
wh cry wh orth needles gray orth cry wh cry powder yel hyg cry yel rhomb cry wh powder wh powder wh monocl cry monocl plates
≈665 300 dec 1200 400 dec
4.56 4.29 4.16 4.16
2260
476 dec 130 dec 711 740 dec
479.665
wh cry powder cry wh orth cry col cry grn-gray hyg cry wh powder wh prec wh powder col rhomb powder wh powder yel orth cry wh cub cry yel-brn cry col hex cry yel-wh hex cry hex cry wh powder wh cry powder wh-yel powder; cub and hex col hyg cry
13465-95-7 10294-39-0
336.228 390.274
col hex cry col cry
505
3.20 2.74
31225 31225
7787-36-2 1304-29-6 12047-25-5 27133-66-0 13466-21-2 7787-41-9 1304-39-8 13718-59-7 1304-40-1 12323-03-4 12009-18-6 12009-18-6*
375.198 169.326 392.5 447.511 448.597 280.29 216.29 264.29 193.498 1002.167 304.035 358.081
brn-viol cry gray-wh tetr cry orth cry yel hex cry wh powder wh rhomb cry cub cry powder solid gray lumps wh orth cry cub cry wh cry powder
200 dec 450 dec
3.77 4.96
62.520 0.09120
1430 dec 1780
3.63 3.9 4.75 5.02
0.008820 0.01520
50 dec 408
>900 dec 1560 1605 1450 1455 590 >500 dec 267 217 dec 707 400 dec 1973
reac acid s H2O, acid
sl EtOH i H2O, EtOH
4.893 3.21 4.36
78 dec
Qualitative solubility
vs H2O; s EtOH reac H2O
dec 1420 140 dec 80 dec 1368
Density g cm–3
3.743 2.18 2.90 5.23 5.00 5.15 5.0 4.85 3.3
0.16125 s H2O; i EtOH i H2O; s acid; i EtOH
0.01520
i H2O, EtOH; sl acid reac H2O s dil acid s H2O s H2O
4.9125 4.9125 4.9125
s acid s H2O; i EtOH
0.039625 0.039625 22125 22125 0.0004120 1.325
4.40 4.975 5.44 3.24 4.78 3.234 3.18 5.14 2.658 2.66 5.72(cub)
0.002120 10.325 79.525 79.525 0.0075 0.007520 1.520
s acid; i EtOH s EtOH, ace sl H2O sl H2O i H2O; sl acid i H2O; s acid i H2O sl EtOH, ace reac H2O i EtOH
s acid s dil acid, EtOH; i ace
320 (anh)
1180 1437
5.40 7.24
vs EtOH s MeOH; sl EtOH, ace; i eth reac EtOH reac dil acid vs H2O s acid reac H2O i H2O reac H2O i H2O sl H2O sl H2O; s acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-51
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
342 343 344 345 346
Barium stearate Barium strontium niobate Barium strontium tungstate Barium sulfate Barium sulfide
Ba(C18H35O2)2 BaSr(NbO3)4 Ba2SrWO6 BaSO4 BaS
6865-35-6 37185-09-4 14871-56-8 7727-43-7 21109-95-5
704.266 788.57 642.11 233.390 169.392
347 348 349
BaSO3 BaC4H4O6 BaPt(CN)4 ∙ 4H2O
7787-39-5 5908-81-6 13755-32-3
217.390 285.398 508.543
350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371
Barium sulfite Barium tartrate Barium tetracyanoplatinate(II) tetrahydrate Barium tetraiodomercurate(II) Barium thiocyanate Barium thiocyanate dihydrate Barium thiocyanate trihydrate Barium thiosulfate Barium thiosulfate monohydrate Barium titanate (BaTiO3) Barium titanate (BaTi2O5) Barium titanate (BaTi4O9) Barium titanium silicate Barium tungstate Barium uranium oxide Barium yttrium tungsten oxide Barium zirconate Barium zirconium silicate Berkelium (α form) Berkelium (β form) Beryllium Beryllium acetate Beryllium basic acetate Beryllium aluminate Beryllium aluminum metasilicate
BaHgI4 Ba(SCN)2 Ba(SCN)2 ∙ 2H2O Ba(SCN)2 ∙ 3H2O BaS2O3 BaS2O3 ∙ H2O BaTiO3 BaTi2O5 BaTi4O9 BaTi(SiO3)3 BaWO4 BaU2O7 Ba3Y3WO9 BaZrO3 BaO ∙ ZrO2 ∙ SiO2 Bk Bk Be Be(C2H3O2)2 Be4O(C2H3O2)6 BeAl2O4 Be3Al2(SiO3)6
10048-99-4 2092-17-3 2092-17-3* 68016-36-4 35112-53-9 7787-40-8 12047-27-7 12009-27-7 12009-31-3 15491-35-7 7787-42-0 10380-31-1 37265-86-4 12009-21-1 7440-40-6 7440-40-6 7440-41-7 543-81-7 1332-52-1 12004-06-7 1302-52-9
845.54 253.491 289.522 307.537 249.455 267.471 233.192 313.058 472.790 413.446 385.17 725.381 1006.53 276.549 336.634 247 247 9.012 127.101 406.312 126.973 537.502
372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381
Beryllium boride (BeB2) Beryllium boride (BeB6) Beryllium boride (Be2B) Beryllium boride (Be4B) Beryllium borohydride Beryllium bromide Beryllium carbide Beryllium carbonate tetrahydrate Beryllium basic carbonate Beryllium chloride
BeB2 BeB6 Be2B Be4B Be(BH4)2 BeBr2 Be2C BeCO3 ∙ 4H2O Be3(OH)2(CO3)2 BeCl2
12228-40-9 12429-94-6 12536-51-5 12536-52-6 17440-85-6 7787-46-4 506-66-1 60883-64-9 66104-24-3 7787-47-5
30.634 73.878 28.835 46.860 36.682 168.820 30.035 93.085 181.069 79.918
382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390
Beryllium fluoride Beryllium formate Beryllium hydride Beryllium hydrogen phosphate Beryllium hydroxide (α) Beryllium hydroxide (β) Beryllium iodide Beryllium nitrate trihydrate Beryllium nitride
BeF2 Be(CHO2)2 BeH2 BeHPO4 Be(OH)2 Be(OH)2 BeI2 Be(NO3)2 ∙ 3H2O Be3N2
7787-49-7 1111-71-3 7787-52-2 13598-15-7 13327-32-7 13327-32-7 7787-53-3 13597-99-4 1304-54-7
47.009 99.047 11.028 104.991 43.027 43.027 262.821 187.068 55.050
391 392 393
Beryllium oxalate trihydrate Beryllium oxide Beryllium 2,4-pentanedioate
BeC2O4 ∙ 3H2O BeO Be(CH3COCHCOCH3)2
15771-43-4 1304-56-9 10210-64-7
151.077 25.011 207.228
394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403
Beryllium perchlorate tetrahydrate Beryllium selenate tetrahydrate Beryllium sulfate Beryllium sulfate dihydrate Beryllium sulfate tetrahydrate Beryllium sulfide Bismuth Bismuth acetate Bismuth subacetate Bismuth antimonide
Be(ClO4)2 ∙ 4H2O BeSeO4 ∙ 4H2O BeSO4 BeSO4 ∙ 2H2O BeSO4 ∙ 4H2O BeS Bi Bi(C2H3O2)3 BiOC2H3O2 BiSb
7787-48-6 10039-31-3 13510-49-1 14215-00-0 7787-56-6 13598-22-6 7440-69-9 22306-37-2 5142-76-7 12323-19-2
279.975 224.03 105.075 141.105 177.136 41.077 208.980 386.111 284.023 330.740
Physical form mp/°C wh powder pale yel solid hyg pow wh orth cry col cub cry or gray powder wh monocl cry wh cry yel powder or cry yel-red hyg cry hyg cry hyg wh cry wh needles; hyg wh cry powder wh cry powder wh tetr cry wh solid wh solid rhom blue-pur cry wh tetr cry oran-yel powder cub cry gray-wh cub cry wh pow hex cry cub cry hex cry wh cry wh cry orth cry col or grn-yel cry; hex refrac solid red solid pink cry refrac solid solid orth cry; hyg red cub cry wh solid wh powder wh-yel orth cry; hyg tetr cry or gl; hyg powder wh amorp solid cry wh powder or cry col tetr cry hyg needles yel-wh hyg cry gray refrac cry; cub rhom cry wh hex cry monocl cry powder hyg cry orth cry col tetr cry; hyg col cry col tetr cry col cub cry gray-wh soft metal col tablets thin cry plates cry
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
160
1.145
1400 1580 2227
4.49 4.3
0.0003120 8.9425
i EtOH
4.44 2.98 2.076
0.001125
i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH sl H2O; i EtOH
dec
2.286 220 dec dec 1625
1475
3.5 6.02
1730
>1970 2070 1520 1160 125 dec 508 2127 100 dec
2471 330
subl 473 sp
3.465 1.90 0.360
2.71
3.01 1.168
vs H2O i H2O; sl acid, alk i H2O; vs EtOH, eth
1283
2.1
71.525
0.65 1.92 590 dec
270
reac H2O vs H2O; s EtOH, pyr reac H2O i H2O; s acid, alk s EtOH, eth, py; i bz, tol vs H2O; sl EtOH reac H2O; i os reac H2O; i eth, tol i H2O sl H2O, alk; s acid i H2O; s, acid, alk reac H2O; s EtOH s EtOH reac acid, alk
552 >250 dec 250 dec
475
s acid, alk i H2O, EtOH i H2O; s eth, os
1.25 3.65 2.64
1.90
250 dec 100 dec 1127 dec 92 ≈100 dec dec 271.406 250
i H2O, alk; sl acid
14.78 13.25 1.85
482
dec 320 2578 108
0.001620
5.52
415
≈200 dec dec 138 480 ≈30 2200
vs H2O, EtOH s ace, MeOH, EtOH s EtOH s EtOH i EtOH i EtOH i H2O
i H2O; s acid
1470 2500 trans to · 930 986 1287 60 dec 285
5.04
16725 16725 16725 0.220 0.2
i H2O, EtOH
4.32 10720
19825 2.03 2.5
1564
1.71 2.36 9.79
vs H2O 41.325 41.325
i EtOH reac hot H2O s acid i H2O i H2O; s dil acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-52 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
404
Bismuth arsenate
BiAsO4
13702-38-0
347.900
wh monocl cry
7.14
405 406
Bismuth basic carbonate Bismuth basic dichromate
(BiO)2CO3 Bi2O3 ∙ 2CrO3
5892-10-4
509.969 665.948
6.86
407 408 409
Bismuth citrate Bismuth hydride Bismuth hydroxide
BiC6H5O7 BiH3 Bi(OH)3
813-93-4 18288-22-7 10361-43-0
398.080 212.004 260.002
410 411
2Bi2O3 ∙ 3GeO2 Bi(CF3COCHCOCF3)3
12233-56-6 142617-56-9
1245.84 830.132
412 413 414
Bismuth germanium oxide Bismuth hexafluoro-2,4pentanedioate Bismuth molybdate Bismuth molybdate Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate
wh powder red-oran amorp pow wh powder col gas; unstab wh-yel amorp powder wh pow powder
Bi2MoO6 Bi2(MoO4)3 Bi(NO3)3 ∙ 5H2O
13565-96-3 51898-99-8 10035-06-0
609.90 897.77 485.071
yel solid monocl cry col tricl cry; hyg
≈75 dec
9.32 5.95 2.83
415
Bismuth subnitrate
Bi5O(OH)9(NO3)4
1304-85-4
1461.987
hyg cry powder
260 dec
4.928
416 417
Bismuth oleate Bismuth oxalate
Bi(C18H33O2)3 Bi2(C2O4)3
52951-38-9 6591-55-5
1053.340 682.018
soft yel-brn solid wh powder
418
Bismuth oxide
Bi2O3
1304-76-3
465.959
419 420 421 422
Bismuth tetroxide Bismuth oxybromide Bismuth oxychloride Bismuth oxyiodide
Bi2O4 BiOBr BiOCl BiOI
12048-50-9 7787-57-7 7787-59-9 7787-63-5
481.959 304.883 260.432 351.883
yel monocl cry or powder red-oran powder col tetr cry wh tetr cry red tetr cry
423 424
Bismuth oxynitrate Bismuth phosphate
BiONO3 BiPO4
10361-46-3 10049-01-1
286.985 303.951
wh powder monocl cry
425
Bismuth potassium iodide
BiK4I7
41944-01-8
1253.704
red cry
426 427 428
Bismuth selenide Bismuth stannate pentahydrate Bismuth sulfate
Bi2Se3 Bi2(SnO3)3 ∙ 5H2O Bi2(SO4)3
12068-69-8 12777-45-6 7787-68-0
654.84 1008.162 706.149
429 430 431
Bismuth sulfide Bismuth telluride Bismuth tribromide
Bi2S3 Bi2Te3 BiBr3
1345-07-9 1304-82-1 7787-58-8
514.156 800.76 448.692
blk hex cry wh cry wh needles or powder blk-brn orth cry gray hex plates yel cub cry
432
Bismuth trichloride
BiCl3
7787-60-2
315.339
433 434
Bismuth trifluoride Bismuth pentafluoride
BiF3 BiF5
7787-61-3 7787-62-4
265.975 303.972
435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449
Bismuth triiodide Bismuth trimethyl Bismuth titanate Bismuth tungstate Bismuth vanadate Bismuth zirconate Boron Diborane Tetraborane(10) Pentaborane(9) Pentaborane(11) Hexaborane(10) Hexaborane(12) Nonaborane(15) Decaborane(14)
BiI3 Bi(CH3)3 Bi4(TiO4)3 Bi2(WO4)3 BiVO4 2Bi2O3 ∙ 3ZrO2 B B2H6 B4H10 B5H9 B5H11 B6H10 B6H12 B9H15 B10H14
7787-64-6 593-91-9 12048-51-0 13595-87-4 14059-33-7 37306-42-6 7440-42-8 19287-45-7 18283-93-7 19624-22-7 18433-84-6 23777-80-2 12008-19-4 19465-30-6 17702-41-9
589.693 254.083 1171.516 1161.47 323.920 1301.587 10.811 27.670 53.323 63.126 65.142 74.945 76.961 112.418 122.221
col or yel cub cry; hyg wh-gray cub cry wh tetr needles; hyg blk-brn hex cry col flam liq wh orth cry wh powder orth cry wh pow blk rhomb cry col gas; flam unstab col gas flam col liq col liq; unstab col liq col liq col liq wh orth cry
450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457
Decaborane(16) Dodecaborane(16) Tridecaborane(19) Tetradecaborane(18) Hexadecaborane(20) Octadecaborane(22) Tetrabromodiborane Tetrachlorodiborane
B10H16 B12H16 B13H19 B14H18 B16H20 B18H22 B2Br4 B2Cl4
71595-75-0 89711-39-7 43093-20-5 55606-55-8 28265-11-4 11071-61-7 14355-29-4 13701-67-2
124.237 145.859 159.694 169.497 193.135 216.773 341.238 163.434
col cry col cry yel cry visc yel oil col cry yel cry col liq col liq; flam
-67
bp/°C
≈17
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
3.458 8.665 g/L 4.962
Qualitative solubility i H2O; sl conc HNO3 i H2O; s acid i H2O; s acid, alk i H2O; sl EtOH i H2O; s acid
1044 96
825
1890
8.9
305 560 dec 575 dec 300 dec
5.6 8.08 7.72 7.92
260 dec
4.93 6.32
710 dec
7.5
405 dec
5.08
850 580 219
462
6.78 7.74 5.72
234
441
4.75
727 151.4
900 230
8.3 5.55
408.6 -86
542 110
5.778 2.3 7.85
trans 500
0.0007820
s EtOH
2.34 1.131 g/L 2.180 g/L 0.60
i H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac hot H2O reac H2O reac hot H2O reac H2O
213
0.94
≈81 65 44
dec 170
subl
dec 20 66.5
i H2O; s acid i H2O; s EtOH reac H2O; s dil acid, ace; i EtOH reac H2O; s acid, EtOH, ace i H2O reac H2O
i H2O; s acid
4000 -92.49 18 60.10 65 108 dec ≈85
dec 100
reac H2O i H2O, EtOH; s acid i H2O i H2O, EtOH, chl; s HCl i H2O, EtOH; s acid sl H2O, dil acid; i EtOH reac H2O; s alk iodide soln i H2O i H2O reac H2O, EtOH
6.25
2075 -164.85 -120 -46.74 -122 -62.3 -82.3 2.7 98.78
≈110 180 ≈1 -92.6
reac H2O; s ace; i EtOH i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid i H2O; s eth; sl bz i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid i H2O; s acid
0.67
sl H2O; s EtOH, bz, CS2, ctc s bz, hx s hx, CH2Cl2 s cyhex, CS2 s ctc, cyhex, thf s os reac H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-53
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
458 459 460 461 462 463
Tetrafluorodiborane Borane carbonyl Borazine Boric acid Metaboric acid (α form) Metaboric acid (β form)
B2F4 BH3CO B3N3H6 H3BO3 HBO2 HBO2
13965-73-6 13205-44-2 6569-51-3 10043-35-3 13460-50-9 13460-50-9
97.616 41.845 80.501 61.833 43.818 43.818
464 465 466 467 468
Metaboric acid (γ form) Tetrafluoroboric acid Boron arsenide Boron carbide Boron nitride
HBO2 HBF4 BAs B4C BN
13460-50-9 16872-11-0 12005-69-5 12069-32-8 10043-11-5
43.818 87.813 85.733 55.255 24.818
469
Boron oxide
B2O3
1303-86-2
69.620
470
Boron phosphide
BP
20205-91-8
41.785
471 472 473 474 475 476
Boron silicide Boron sulfide Boron tribromide Boron trichloride Boron trifluoride Boron trifluoride etherate
B6Si B2S3 BBr3 BCl3 BF3 BF3(C2H5)2O
12008-29-6 12007-33-9 10294-33-4 10294-34-5 7637-07-2 109-63-7
92.952 117.817 250.523 117.170 67.806 141.927
477 478 479
Boron triiodide Bromine Bromic acid
BI3 Br2 HBrO3
13517-10-7 7726-95-6 7789-31-3
391.524 159.808 128.910
480 481 482 483 484 485 486
Hypobromous acid Bromine dioxide Bromine monoxide Dibromine trioxide Dibromine pentoxide Bromine azide Bromine chloride
HOBr BrO2 Br2O Br2O3 Br2O5 BrN3 BrCl
13517-11-8 21255-83-4 21308-80-5 53809-75-9 58572-43-3 13973-87-0 13863-41-7
96.911 111.903 175.807 207.806 239.805 121.924 115.357
487
Bromine fluoride
BrF
13863-59-7
98.902
488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498
Bromine trifluoride Bromine pentafluoride Bromosyl trifluoride Bromyl fluoride Perbromyl fluoride Cadmium Cadmium acetate Cadmium acetate dihydrate Cadmium antimonide Cadmium arsenide Cadmium azide
BrF3 BrF5 BrOF3 BrO2F BrO3F Cd Cd(C2H3O2)2 Cd(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 2H2O CdSb Cd3As2 Cd(N3)2
7787-71-5 7789-30-2 61519-37-7 22585-64-4 37265-91-1 7440-43-9 543-90-8 5743-04-4 12014-29-8 12006-15-4 14215-29-3
136.899 174.896 152.898 130.901 146.900 112.411 230.500 266.529 234.171 487.076 196.451
499
Cadmium borotungstate octadecahydrate Cadmium bromide
Cd5(BW12O40) ∙ 18H2O
1306-26-9
3743.20
CdBr2
7789-42-6
272.219
CdBr2 ∙ 4H2O CdCO3 Cd(ClO3)2 ∙ 2H2O CdCl2 CdCl2 ∙ H2O CdCl2 ∙ 2.5H2O
13464-92-1 513-78-0 22750-54-5* 10108-64-2 34330-64-8 7790-78-5
344.281 172.420 315.344 183.317 201.332 228.354
wh-yel hex cry; hyg wh-yel cry wh hex cry col hyg cry rhom cry; hyg wh cry wh rhomb leaflets
CdCrO4 Cd(CN)2 CdCr2O7 ∙ H2O Cd(C8H15O2)2 CdF2 Cd(OH)2 Cd(IO3)2
14312-00-6 542-83-6 69239-51-6 2420-98-6 7790-79-6 21041-95-2 7790-81-0
228.405 164.445 346.414 398.818 150.408 146.426 462.216
yel orth cry wh cub cry oran solid powder cub cry wh trig or hex cry wh powder
500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513
Cadmium bromide tetrahydrate Cadmium carbonate Cadmium chlorate dihydrate Cadmium chloride Cadmium chloride monohydrate Cadmium chloride hemipentahydrate Cadmium chromate Cadmium cyanide Cadmium dichromate monohydrate Cadmium 2-ethylhexanoate Cadmium fluoride Cadmium hydroxide Cadmium iodate
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
col gas; flam col gas col liq col tricl cry col orth cry; hyg col monocl cry; hyg col cub cry col liq brn cub cry hard blk cry wh powder; hex or cub cry col gl or hex cry; hyg red cub cry or powder blk cry yel amorp solid col liq; hyg col liq or gas col gas liq
-34.0 -64 53
wh needles red liq stab only in aq soln exists aq soln unstab yel cry unstab brn solid oran needles (LT) col cry (low temp) red cry; exp dark red liq (<5¯C) unstab red-brn gas col hyg liq col liq col liq col liq col gas silv-wh metal col cry wh cry orth cry gray tetr cry yel-wh orth cry; exp yel cry
-56 -137 -58 170.9 176 201 236
130 dec 1100 dec 2350 2967
>3500
450
Density g cm–3 3.990 g/L 1.710 g/L 0.824 1.5 1.784 2.045
Solubility g/100 g H20
5.8025
2.487 ≈1.8 5.22 2.50 2.18 2.55
Qualitative solubility reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O sl EtOH s H2O s H2O s H2O vs H2O, EtOH i H2O, acid i H2O, acid
2.220
s EtOH reac H2O, acid
1125 dec 1980 563 -46 -107.3 -126.8 -60.4
91.3 12.5 -99.9 125.5
≈1.7 2.6 4.789 g/L 2.772 g/L 1.12525
49.7 -7.2
209.5 58.8
3.35 3.1028
reac H2O, EtOH reac H2O, EtOH s H2O reac H2O; vs eth, EtOH i H2O sl H2O s H2O s H2O
≈0 dec -17.5 dec dec -40 -20 dec ≈45 -66
exp 5 dec
≈-33
≈20 dec
4.043 g/L
8.77 -60.5 -5 -9 -110 321.069 255 130 dec 456 721 exp
125.8 41.3 dec >20 dec 55 dec 20 767
2.803 2.460
reac H2O; s eth, CS2
reac H2O reac H2O (exp) reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O i H2O; reac acid s H2O, EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH
8.69 2.34 2.01 6.92 6.25 3.24
vs H2O 568
500 dec 80 dec 568
863
5.19
964
5.026 2.28 4.08
11525
sl ace, eth
11525
s ace, EtOH i H2O; s acid
3.327
2.640 12025 12025 12025
4.5 2.23
1.715
s ace; sl EtOH; i eth s ace i H2O s H2O
1075 130 dec
1750
6.33 4.79 6.48
4.3625 0.0001520 0.09125
s acid; i EtOH s dil acid s HNO3
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-54 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
514
Cadmium iodide
CdI2
7790-80-9
366.220
col hex flakes
388
744
5.64
515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541
Cadmium metasilicate Cadmium molybdate Cadmium niobate Cadmium nitrate Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate Cadmium oxalate Cadmium oxalate trihydrate Cadmium oxide Cadmium 2,4-pentanedioate Cadmium perchlorate hexahydrate Cadmium phosphate Cadmium phosphide Cadmium selenate dihydrate Cadmium selenide Cadmium selenite Cadmium stearate Cadmium succinate Cadmium sulfate Cadmium sulfate monohydrate Cadmium sulfate octahydrate Cadmium sulfide Cadmium sulfite Cadmium telluride Cadmium tellurite Cadmium tetrafluoroborate Cadmium titanate Cadmium tungstate
CdSiO3 CdMoO4 Cd2Nb2O7 Cd(NO3)2 Cd(NO3)2 ∙ 4H2O CdC2O4 CdC2O4 ∙ 3H2O CdO Cd(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 Cd(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O Cd3(PO4)2 Cd3P2 CdSeO4 ∙ 2H2O CdSe CdSeO3 Cd(C18H35O2)2 CdC4H4O4 CdSO4 CdSO4 ∙ H2O CdSO4 ∙ 8H2O CdS CdSO3 CdTe CdTeO3 Cd(BF4)2 CdTiO3 CdWO4
13477-19-5 13972-68-4 12187-14-3 10325-94-7 10022-68-1 814-88-0 20712-42-9 1306-19-0 14689-45-3 10326-28-0 13477-17-3 12014-28-7 10060-09-0 1306-24-7 13814-59-0 2223-93-0 141-00-4 10124-36-4 7790-84-3 15244-35-6 1306-23-6 13477-23-1 1306-25-8 15851-44-2 14486-19-2 12014-14-1 7790-85-4
188.495 272.35 522.631 236.420 308.482 200.430 254.476 128.410 310.627 419.404 527.176 399.181 291.40 191.37 239.37 679.350 228.484 208.474 226.489 352.596 144.476 192.474 240.01 288.01 286.020 208.276 360.25
grn monocl cry col tetr cry cub cry wh cub cry; hyg col orth cry; hyg wh solid wh amorp powder brn cub cry wh solid or red cry wh hex cry powder grn tetr needles orth cry wh cub cry col prisms wh cry pow wh pow or needles col orth cry monocl cry col monocl cry yel-oran hex cry col prisms brn-blk cub cry col monocl cry col hyg liq orth cry wh monocl cry
1252 ≈900 dec ≈1410 360 59.5
542 543 544
Calcium Calcium acetate Calcium acetate monohydrate
Ca Ca(C2H3O2)2 Ca(C2H3O2)2 ∙ H2O
7440-70-2 62-54-4 5743-26-0
40.078 158.167 176.182
842 160 dec ≈150 dec
545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558
Calcium acetate dihydrate Calcium aluminate Calcium aluminate (β form) Calcium arsenate Calcium arsenite (1:1) Calcium borate hexahydrate Calcium boride Calcium bromate Calcium bromate monohydrate Calcium bromide Calcium bromide dihydrate Calcium bromide hexahydrate Calcium carbide Calcium carbonate (aragonite)
Ca(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 2H2O CaAl2O4 Ca3Al2O6 Ca3(AsO4)2 CaAsO3 CaB4O7 ∙ 6H2O CaB6 Ca(BrO3)2 Ca(BrO3)2 ∙ H2O CaBr2 CaBr2 ∙ 2H2O CaBr2 ∙ 6H2O CaC2 CaCO3
14977-17-4 12042-68-1 12042-78-3 7778-44-1 52740-16-6 13701-64-9* 12007-99-7 10102-75-7 10102-75-7* 7789-41-5 22208-73-7 13477-28-6 75-20-7 471-34-1
194.196 158.039 270.193 398.072 162.998 303.409 104.944 295.882 313.898 199.886 235.917 307.977 64.099 100.087
559
Calcium carbonate (calcite)
CaCO3
471-34-1
100.087
560 561 562
Calcium carbonate (vaterite) Calcium chlorate Calcium chlorate dihydrate
CaCO3 Ca(ClO3)2 Ca(ClO3)2 ∙ 2H2O
471-34-1 10137-74-3 10035-05-9
100.087 206.980 243.011
563
Calcium chloride
CaCl2
10043-52-4
110.984
564 565
Calcium chloride monohydrate Calcium chloride dihydrate
CaCl2 ∙ H2O CaCl2 ∙ 2H2O
13477-29-7 10035-04-8
128.999 147.015
566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573
Calcium chloride tetrahydrate Calcium chloride hexahydrate Calcium chlorite Calcium chromate Calcium chromate dihydrate Calcium citrate tetrahydrate Calcium cyanamide Calcium cyanide
CaCl2 ∙ 4H2O CaCl2 ∙ 6H2O Ca(ClO2)2 CaCrO4 CaCrO4 ∙ 2H2O Ca3(C6H5O7)2 ∙ 4H2O CaCN2 Ca(CN)2
25094-02-4 7774-34-7 14674-72-7 13765-19-0 10060-08-9 5785-44-4 156-62-7 592-01-8
183.046 219.075 174.982 156.072 192.102 570.494 80.102 92.112
silv-wh metal wh hyg cry wh needles or powder long col needles wh monocl cry wh cub cry; refr wh powder wh powder wh cry pow refrac solid wh pow wh monocl cry rhom cry; hyg wh cry pow wh hyg powder gray-blk orth cry wh orth cry or powder wh hex cry or powder col hex cry wh cry wh monocl cry; hyg wh cub cry or powder; hyg wh hyg cry hyg flakes or powder col tricl cry wh hex cry; hyg wh cub cry yel cry yel orth cry wh needles or pow col hex cry wh rhomb cry; hyg
5.10 5.4 6.28 3.6 2.45 3.32
340 dec 1559 sp
Solubility g/100 g H20
86.225
15625 15625 0.006025 0.006025
8.15
235 2.37 ≈1500 700 100 dec 1240
5.96 3.62 5.81
134
1.21
1000 105 40 dec ≈1480 dec ≈400 1042 695
4.69 3.79 3.08 4.826
i EtOH; s dil acid i H2O; s dil acid
70.525 i H2O
0.3740 76.725 76.725 76.725
6.2 1.6 6.5 8.0
1162 (anh) 2235 180 dec 180 742
i H2O; s acid i H2O s EtOH s EtOH, ace
i H2O s dil HCl
dec 1050
1605 1535 dec
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace
191.525
0.0520
1484
Qualitative solubility
sl H2O; i EtOH i EtOH
i H2O; s acid sl H2O i H2O, dil acid vs H2O, EtOH
1.54 1.50
i H2O, acid; s NH4OH reac H2O; i bz s H2O; sl EtOH s H2O; sl EtOH
2.98 3.04 3.6
s H2O reac H2O i H2O s dil acid sl H2O; s acid
0.003620
2.49
1815
3.33 3.38
15625
vs H2O s EtOH, ace vs H2O
38 dec 2300 825 dec
2.29 2.22 2.930
15625 0.0006620
reac H2O s dil acid
1330
2.710
0.0006620
s dil acid
2.653
s dil acid
2.711
0.001125 19725 19725
2.15
81.325
vs EtOH
260 dec 175 dec
2.24 1.85
81.325 81.325
s EtOH vs EtOH
30 dec
1.83 1.71 2.71
81.325
340 100 dec 775
1000 dec dec 200 dec 100 ≈1340
1935
2.50 subl
2.29
13.220 0.09623
s EtOH
reac H2O sl H2O; i EtOH, ace s dil acids i eth reac H2O s H2O, EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-55
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
574
Calcium dichromate trihydrate
CaCr2O7 ∙ 3H2O
14307-33-6*
310.112
red-oran cry
100 dec
2.37
575
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate Calcium 2-ethylhexanoate Calcium ferrocyanide dodecahydrate Calcium fluoride
Ca(H2PO4)2 ∙ H2O
10031-30-8
252.068
col tricl plates
100 dec
2.220
Ca(C8H15O2)2 Ca2Fe(CN)6 ∙ 12H2O
136-51-6
326.485 508.289
powder yel tricl cry
dec
1.68
8725
vs H2O; i EtOH
CaF2
7789-75-5
78.075
3.18
0.001625
sl acid
Calcium fluorophosphate Calcium fluorophosphate dihydrate Calcium formate Calcium hexaborate pentahydrate Calcium hexafluoro-2,4pentanedioate Calcium hexafluorosilicate dihydrate Calcium hydride
Ca5(PO4)3F CaPO3F ∙ 2H2O Ca(CHO2)2 2CaO ∙ 3B2O3 ∙ 5H2O Ca(CF3COCHCOCF3)2
12015-73-5 37809-19-1 544-17-2 12291-65-5 121012-90-6
504.302 174.079 130.113 411.091 454.180
wh cub cry or powder col hex cry col monocl cry orth cry col monocl cry powder
2.02 2.42
0.4227 16.620 125
i H2O i os i EtOH sl acid
CaSiF6 ∙ 2H2O
16925-39-6
218.185
col tetr cry
2.25
0.5220
i ace; reac hot H2O
CaH2
7789-78-8
42.094
CaHPO4 CaHPO4 ∙ 2H2O
7757-93-9 7789-77-7
136.057 172.088
588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595
Calcium hydrogen phosphate Calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate Calcium hydrogen sulfite Calcium hydrosulfide hexahydrate Calcium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide phosphate Calcium hypochlorite Calcium hypophosphite Calcium iodate Calcium iodide
gray orth cry or powder wh tricl cry monocl cry
CaH2(SO3)2 Ca(HS)2 ∙ 6H2O Ca(OH)2 Ca5(OH)(PO4)3 Ca(OCl)2 Ca(H2PO2)2 Ca(IO3)2 CaI2
13780-03-5 1305-62-0 12167-74-7 7778-54-3 7789-79-9 7789-80-2 10102-68-8
202.220 214.315 74.093 502.311 142.983 170.055 389.883 293.887
col cry soft hex cry col hex cry powder wh monocl cry wh monocl cry hyg hex cry
596
Calcium iodide hexahydrate
CaI2 ∙ 6H2O
71626-98-7
401.978
597 598 599 600 601 602 603
Calcium metaborate Calcium metasilicate Calcium molybdate Calcium nitrate Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate Calcium nitride Calcium nitrite
Ca(BO2)2 CaSiO3 CaMoO4 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 ∙ 4H2O Ca3N2 Ca(NO2)2
13701-64-9 1344-95-2 7789-82-4 10124-37-5 13477-34-4 12013-82-0 13780-06-8
125.698 116.162 200.02 164.087 236.149 148.247 132.089
604 605
Calcium nitrite monohydrate Calcium oleate
Ca(NO2)2 ∙ H2O Ca(C18H33O2)2
10031-34-2 142-17-6
606 607 608 609 610
Calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate monohydrate Calcium oxide Calcium oxide silicate Calcium palmitate
CaC2O4 CaC2O4 ∙ H2O CaO Ca3OSiO4 Ca(C16H31O2)2
611 612 613 614 615 616
Calcium perborate heptahydrate Calcium 2,4-pentanedioate Calcium perchlorate Calcium perchlorate tetrahydrate Calcium permanganate Calcium peroxide
617 618 619
576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587
1418
bp/°C
2500
1650
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
3.201
300 dec dec 375 (exp) 135
1000
1.7
dec ≈100 dec
2.92 2.31
0.0225 0.0225
1.06 ≈2.2 3.155 2.350
0.16020
4.52 3.96
0.30625 21525
42 dec
2.55
21525
1540 1520 561 ≈40 dec 1195 392
2.92 4.35 2.5 1.82 2.67 2.23
783
1100
150.104 602.985
wh hex needles or powder powder wh monocl cry wh tetr cry wh cub cry; hyg wh cry red-brn cub cry wh-yel hex cry; hyg col or yel cry pale yel solid
dec 100 dec 140
563-72-4 5794-28-5 1305-78-8 12168-85-3 542-42-7
128.097 146.112 56.077 228.317 550.910
wh cry powder cub cry gray-wh cub cry refrac solid wh-yel pow
200 dec 2613 2150 dec 155
Ca(BO3)2 ∙ 7H2O Ca(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 Ca(ClO4)2 Ca(ClO4)2 ∙ 4H2O Ca(MnO4)2 CaO2
19372-44-2 13477-36-6 15627-86-8 10118-76-0 1305-79-9
283.803 238.294 238.979 311.041 277.949 72.077
Calcium phosphate Calcium phosphide
Ca3(PO4)2 Ca3P2
7758-87-4 1305-99-3
310.177 182.182
gray-wh pow cry wh cry wh cry purp hyg cry wh-yel tetr cry; hyg wh amorp powder red-brn hyg cry
CaHPO3 ∙ H2O
25232-60-4
138.073
col monocl cry
dec 150
620 621
Calcium phosphonate monohydrate Calcium plumbate Calcium propanoate
Ca2PbO4 Ca(C3H5O2)2
12013-69-3 4075-81-4
351.4 186.219
dec
5.71
622 623 624 625
Calcium pyrophosphate Calcium selenate dihydrate Calcium selenide Calcium silicide (CaSi)
Ca2P2O7 CaSeO4 ∙ 2H2O CaSe CaSi
7790-76-3 7790-74-1 1305-84-6 12013-55-7
254.099 219.07 119.04 68.164
oran-brn orth cry monocl cry, powder wh powder wh monocl cry wh-brn cub cry orth cry
1353
3.09 2.75 3.8 2.39
vs H2O; reac EtOH; i eth, ctc sl H2O; s dil acid
reac H2O, EtOH
dec dec >900 100 300 dec
Qualitative solubility
i EtOH i EtOH; s dil acid s H2O s H2O, EtOH s acid i H2O s H2O; i EtOH s HNO3; i EtOH s MeOH, EtOH, ace; i eth vs EtOH
0.1320 0.001120 14425 14425 94.625
0.0425 2.2 2.2 3.34
0.0006120 0.0006120
vs H2O; sl EtOH sl H2O; s bz; i EtOH, ace, eth s dil acid reac H2O; s acid i H2O, EtOH, eth, ace; sl bz s H2O, acid
dec 175 270 dec
2.65
18825
2.4 2.9
33120
≈200 dec 1670 ≈1600
3.14 2.51
0.0001220
1400 dec 1324
i H2O i EtOH; s conc acid s EtOH, MeOH, ace s EtOH, ace s H2O, acid; i EtOH sl EtOH
8.318
s EtOH, MeOH vs H2O reac EtOH sl H2O; s acid i EtOH; s dil acid reac H2O; i EtOH, eth sl H2O; i EtOH i H2O; s acid s H2O; sl MeOH, EtOH; i ace, bz i H2O; s dil acid reac H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-56 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
626
Calcium silicide (CaSi2)
CaSi2
12013-56-8
96.249
gray hex cry
1040
627 628 629
Calcium stannate trihydrate Calcium stearate Calcium succinate trihydrate
CaSnO3 ∙ 3H2O Ca(C18H35O2)2 CaC4H4O4 ∙ 3H2O
12013-46-6* 1592-23-0 140-99-8
260.832 607.017 210.196
wh cry pow granular powder needles
dec ≈350 180
630 631 632
Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate hemihydrate Calcium sulfate dihydrate
CaSO4 CaSO4 ∙ 0.5H2O CaSO4 ∙ 2H2O
7778-18-9 10034-76-1 10101-41-4
136.141 145.149 172.171
1460
2.96
150 dec
2.32
633
Calcium sulfide
CaS
20548-54-3
72.143
2524
2.59
634 635 636 637
Calcium sulfite dihydrate Calcium tartrate tetrahydrate Calcium telluride Calcium tetrahydroaluminate
CaSO3 ∙ 2H2O CaC4H4O6 ∙ 4H2O CaTe Ca(AlH4)2
10257-55-3 3164-34-9* 12013-57-9 16941-10-9
156.172 260.210 167.68 102.105
orth cry wh powder monocl cry or powder wh-yel cub cry; hyg wh powder wh pow wh cub cry gray powder; flam
638 639 640 641 642 643 644
Calcium thiocyanate tetrahydrate Calcium thiosulfate hexahydrate Calcium titanate Calcium tungstate Calcium zirconate Californium Carbon (diamond)
Ca(SCN)2 ∙ 4H2O CaS2O3 ∙ 6H2O CaTiO3 CaWO4 CaZrO3 Cf C
2092-16-2 10124-41-1 12049-50-2 7790-75-2 12013-47-7 7440-71-3 7782-40-3
228.304 260.298 135.943 287.92 179.300 251 12.011
hyg cry tricl cry cub cry wh tetr cry powder hex or cub metal col cub cry
645
Carbon (graphite)
C
7782-42-5
12.011
soft blk hex cry
646 647
Carbon black Carbon (fullerene-C60)
C C60
1333-86-4 99685-96-8
12.011 720.642
648 649 650 651 652 653
Carbon (fullerene-C70) Fullerene fluoride Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Carbon suboxide Carbon disulfide
C70 C60F60 CO CO2 C3O2 CS2
115383-22-7 134929-59-2 630-08-0 124-38-9 504-64-3 75-15-0
840.749 1860.546 28.010 44.010 68.031 76.141
fine blk pow yel needles or plates red-brn solid col plates col gas col gas col gas col or yel liq
654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669
Carbon subsulfide Carbon diselenide Carbon oxysulfide Carbon oxyselenide Carbon sulfide selenide Carbon sulfide telluride Carbonyl bromide Carbonyl chloride Carbonyl fluoride Cyanogen Cyanogen azide Cyanogen bromide Cyanogen chloride Cyanogen fluoride Cyanogen iodide Cerium
C3S2 CSe2 COS COSe CSSe CSTe COBr2 COCl2 COF2 C2N2 N3CN BrCN ClCN FCN ICN Ce
627-34-9 506-80-9 463-58-1 1603-84-5 5951-19-9 10340-06-4 593-95-3 75-44-5 353-50-4 460-19-5 764-05-6 506-68-3 506-77-4 1495-50-7 506-78-5 7440-45-1
100.162 169.93 60.075 106.97 123.04 171.68 187.818 98.916 66.007 52.034 68.038 105.922 61.471 45.016 152.922 140.116
670
Cerium boride
CeB6
12008-02-5
204.982
671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679
Cerium carbide Cerium carbide Cerium nitride Cerium silicide Cerium(II) hydride Cerium(II) iodide Cerium(II) sulfide Cerium(III) acetate sesqihydrate Cerium(III) ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate Cerium(III) ammonium sulfate tetrahydrate Cerium(III) bromide
CeC2 Ce2C3 CeN CeSi2 CeH2 CeI2 CeS Ce(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 1.5H2O (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5 ∙ 4H2O
12012-32-7 12115-63-8 25764-08-3 12014-85-6 13569-50-1 19139-47-0 12014-82-3 17829-82-2 13083-04-0
164.137 316.264 154.123 196.287 142.132 393.925 172.181 558.279
red liq yel liq col gas col gas; unstab yel liq red-yel liq; unstab col liq col gas col gas col gas col oily liq wh hyg needles col vol liq or gas col gas col needles silv metal; cub or hex blue refrac solid; hex red hex cry yel-brn cub cry refrac cub cry tetr cry cub cry bronze cry yel cub cry col cry col monocl cry
NH4Ce(SO4)2 ∙ 4H2O
21995-38-0*
422.341
monocl cry
CeBr3
14457-87-5
379.828
wh hex cry; hyg
680 681
bp/°C
Density g cm–3 2.50
Solubility g/100 g H20
0.20525 0.20525 0.20520
0.0070 0.0410
160 dec 45 dec 1980 1620 2550 900 4440 (12.4 GPa) 4489 tp (10.3 MPa)
i os
sl EtOH; s acid s dil acid; sl EtOH
4.87
1.87 3.98 6.06
3825 sp
reac H2O; s thf; i eth, bz vs H2O; s EtOH, ace s H2O; i EtOH 0.218
s hot acid
15.1 3.513
i H2O
2.2
i H2O i H2O s os
>280 >280 287 -205.02 -56.558 tp -112.5 -112.1
i cold H2O; reac hot H2O; s acid i H2O i H2O, EtOH sl H2O; s dil acid; i EtOH
sl H2O; i EtOH 25
1600 dec
Qualitative solubility
s bz, tol vs ace; s thf; i chl sl H2O; s chl, EtOH s H2O reac H2O i H2O; vs EtOH, bz, os reac H2O i H2O; vs ctc, tol s H2O, EtOH reac H2O i H2O reac H2O reac H2O sl H2O; s bz, tol reac H2O sl H2O, eth; s EtOH
-191.5 -78.464 sp 6.8 46
1.145 g/L 1.799 g/L 2.781 g/L 1.263220
90 dec 125.5 -50 -21.7 84.5 20 dec 64.5 8 -84.57 -21.1
1.27 2.682320 2.456 g/L 4.372 g/L 1.99
61.5 13 -46
2.015 2.513 g/L 1.840 g/L 2.84 6.770
s H2O, EtOH, eth s dil acid
2550
4.87
i H2O, HCl
2250 1505 2557 1420
5.47 6.9 7.89 5.31 5.45
reac H2O
-1 -43.7 -138.8 -124.4 -85 -54 -127.78 -111.26 -27.83 exp 52 -6.55 -82 146.7 799
3443
808 2445 dec 115 74
2.5 4.043 g/L 2.698 g/L 2.127 g/L
s H2O, EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH, eth
i H2O reac H2O
5.9 2615
s H2O vs H2O s H2O
732
1457
s H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-57
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
682 683 684 685 686 687 688
Cerium(III) bromide heptahydrate Cerium(III) carbonate Cerium(III) carbonate pentahydrate Cerium(III) chloride Cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate Cerium(III) fluoride Cerium(III) hydride
CeBr3 ∙ 7H2O Ce2(CO3)3 Ce2(CO3)3 ∙ 5H2O CeCl3 CeCl3 ∙ 7H2O CeF3 CeH3
7789-56-2 537-01-9 72520-94-6 7790-86-5 18618-55-8 7758-88-5 13864-02-3
505.935 460.259 550.335 246.475 372.582 197.111 143.140
689 690 691 692 693 694 695
Cerium(III) hydroxide Cerium(III) iodide Cerium(III) iodide nonahydrate Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Cerium(III) oxalate nonahydrate Cerium(III) oxide Cerium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate trihydrate Cerium(III) perchlorate hexahydrate Cerium(III) selenate Cerium(III) sulfate Cerium(III) sulfate octahydrate Cerium(III) sulfide Cerium(III) tungstate Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate dihydrate Cerium(IV) fluoride Cerium(IV) hydroxide Cerium(IV) oxide
Ce(OH)3 CeI3 CeI3 ∙ 9H2O Ce(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Ce(C2O4)3 ∙ 9H2O Ce2O3 Ce(CH3COCHCOCH3)3 ∙ 3H2O Ce(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O Ce2(SeO4)3 Ce2(SO4)3 Ce2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Ce2S3 Ce2(WO4)3 (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 (NH4)4Ce(SO4)4 ∙ 2H2O
15785-09-8 7790-87-6 7790-87-6* 10108-73-3* 13266-83-6 1345-13-7 15653-01-7
191.138 520.829 682.967 434.222 706.426 328.230 491.486
col hyg needles wh pow wh powder wh hex cry yel orth cry; hyg wh hex cry; hyg blk pow or blueblk cry wh solid yel orth cry; hyg wh-red cry col-red cry wh pow yel-grn cub cry yel hyg cry
36907-38-7 13454-94-9 13454-94-9 12014-93-6 13454-74-5 16774-21-3 10378-47-9
546.559 709.11 568.420 712.542 376.427 1023.75 548.223 632.551
hyg col cry rhom cry col hyg cry wh orth cry red cub cry yel tetr cry red-oran cry cry pow
CeF4 Ce(OH)4 CeO2
10060-10-3 12014-56-1 1306-38-3
216.110 208.146 172.115
Ce(SO4)2 ∙ 4H2O Cs CsC2H3O2 CsAl(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
10294-42-5 7440-46-2 3396-11-0 7784-17-0
404.303 132.905 191.949 568.196
711 712 713 714 715
Cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate Cesium Cesium acetate Cesium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate Cesium amide Cesium azide Cesium bromate Cesium bromide Cesium carbonate
wh hyg powder yel-wh pow wh-yel powder; cub yel-oran orth cry silv-wh metal hyg lumps col cub cry
CsNH2 CsN3 CsBrO3 CsBr Cs2CO3
22205-57-8 22750-57-8 13454-75-6 7787-69-1 534-17-8
148.928 174.925 260.807 212.809 325.820
716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724
Cesium chlorate Cesium chloride Cesium chromate(IV) Cesium cyanide Cesium dibromoiodate Cesium fluoride Cesium fluoroborate Cesium formate Cesium hexafluorogermanate
CsClO3 CsCl Cs4CrO4 CsCN CsIBr2 CsF CsBF4 CsCHO2 Cs2GeF6
13763-67-2 7647-17-8 56320-90-2 21159-32-0 18278-82-5 13400-13-0 18909-69-8 3495-36-1
216.356 168.358 647.616 158.923 419.617 151.903 219.710 177.923 452.44
725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741
Cesium hydride Cesium hydrogen carbonate Cesium hydrogen fluoride Cesium hydrogen sulfate Cesium hydroxide Cesium iodate Cesium iodide Cesium metaborate Cesium molybdate Cesium nitrate Cesium nitrite Cesium oxide Cesium superoxide Cesium trioxide Cesium perchlorate Cesium periodate Cesium sulfate
CsH CsHCO3 CsHF2 CsHSO4 CsOH CsIO3 CsI CsBO2 Cs2MoO4 CsNO3 CsNO2 Cs2O CsO2 Cs2O3 CsClO4 CsIO4 Cs2SO4
58724-12-2 15519-28-5 12280-52-3 7789-16-4 21351-79-1 13454-81-4 7789-17-5 92141-86-1 13597-64-3 7789-18-6 13454-83-6 20281-00-9 12018-61-0 12134-22-4 13454-84-7 13478-04-1 10294-54-9
696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710
133.913 193.922 171.910 229.976 149.912 307.807 259.809 175.715 425.75 194.910 178.911 281.810 164.904 313.809 232.356 323.807 361.874
Physical form mp/°C
wh tetr cry hyg tetr cry; exp col hex cry wh cub cry; hyg wh monocl cry; hyg col hex cry wh cub cry; hyg yel hex cry wh cub cry; hyg dark oran cry wh cub cry; hyg wh orth cry wh cry wh cry wh cub cry; flam rhom cry tetr cry col rhom prisms wh-yel hyg cry wh monocl cry col cub cry; hyg cub cry wh cry wh hex or cub cry yel cry yel-oran hex cry yel tetr cry brn cry wh orth cry; hyg wh rhom prisms wh orth cry or hex prisms; hyg
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
732 dec 500 807 90 dec 1430 dec (flam)
Solubility g/100 g H20
3.97 2180
6.157
760 150 dec dec 2210 ≈150
17625 3730
6.2
4.46 2.87 5.02 6.77
dec 450 ≈600 dec
4.77
2480
7.216
180 dec 28.5 194 117 dec
671
342 646 982 350 dec 703 555 dec
≈1300
1297
≈675 528 175 dec 170 dec 342.3 632 732 956.3 409 406 495 432 ≈400 ≈600 dec 1005
9.6620
2240 3.8325 12325 26115
3.57 3.988 4.24 3.34
7.7825 19125
4.64 3.2 1.017 4.10
57325 1.617
3.42 20915
≈1280
3.86 3.352 3.68 4.85 4.51 ≈3.7
reac H2O s H2O; i EtOH
1.97 3.70 ≈3.5 4.11 4.43 4.24
i H2O; s acid s H2O vs H2O; s EtOH s ace i H2O, EtOH; s acid i H2O; s acid vs EtOH
i H2O i H2O; s conc acid i H2O, dil acid
1011
326 636 793
3.91 1.873
s H2O, EtOH i H2O; s acid i H2O; s dil acid s H2O, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH i H2O reac H2O
s H2O, EtOH s H2O s H2O s H2O i H2O i H2O vs H2O
dec 200 920 dec ≈250 dec 2450 1089
Qualitative solubility
30030 2.625 84.825
3.66
6718 27.925
4.65 3.77 4.25 3.327 4.26 4.24
2.0025 2.215 18225
s EtOH; i ace s EtOH, eth sl H2O s EtOH vs H2O vs H2O s H2O s MeOH; i diox, py sl H2O vs H2O sl cold H2O; s hot H2O reac H2O s EtOH s H2O s EtOH s EtOH, MeOH, ace s H2O s ace; sl EtOH s H2O vs H2O reac H2O reac H2O
i EtOH, ace, py
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-58 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
742 743 744 745
Cesium sulfide Cesium trifluoroacetate Chlorine Hypochlorous acid
Cs2S Cs(C2F3O2) Cl2 HOCl
12214-16-3 21907-50-6 7782-50-5 7790-92-3
297.876 245.920 70.906 52.460
746
Chloric acid
HClO3
7790-93-4
84.459
747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761
Perchloric acid Chlorine monoxide Chlorine dioxide Dichlorine trioxide Dichlorine hexoxide Dichlorine heptoxide Chlorine fluoride Chlorine trifluoride Chlorine pentafluoride Chlorosyl trifluoride Chloryl fluoride Chloryl trifluoride Perchloryl fluoride Chlorine perchlorate Chromium
HClO4 Cl2O ClO2 Cl2O3 Cl2O6 Cl2O7 ClF ClF3 ClF5 ClOF3 ClO2F ClO2F3 ClO3F ClOClO3 Cr
7601-90-3 7791-21-1 10049-04-4 17496-59-2 12442-63-6 10294-48-1 7790-89-8 7790-91-2 13637-63-3 30708-80-6 13637-83-7 38680-84-1 7616-94-6 27218-16-2 7440-47-3
100.459 86.905 67.452 118.904 166.902 182.902 54.451 92.448 130.445 108.447 86.450 124.447 102.449 134.904 51.996
762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770
Chromic acid Chromium antimonide Chromium arsenide Chromium boride (CrB) Chromium boride (CrB2) Chromium boride (Cr2B) Chromium boride (Cr5B3) Chromium carbide Chromium carbonyl
H2CrO4 CrSb Cr2As CrB CrB2 Cr2B Cr5B3 Cr3C2 Cr(CO)6
7738-94-5 12053-12-2 12254-85-2 12006-79-0 12007-16-8 12006-80-3 12007-38-4 12012-35-0 13007-92-6
118.010 173.756 178.914 62.807 73.618 114.803 292.414 180.009 220.056
771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778
Chromium nitride (CrN) Chromium nitride (Cr2N) Chromium phosphide Chromium selenide Chromium silicide (CrSi2) Chromium silicide (Cr3Si) Chromium(II) acetate monohydrate Chromium(II) bromide
CrN Cr2N CrP CrSe CrSi2 Cr3Si Cr(C2H3O2)2 ∙ H2O CrBr2
24094-93-7 12053-27-9 26342-61-0 12053-13-3 12018-09-6 12018-36-9 628-52-4* 10049-25-9
66.003 117.999 82.970 130.96 108.167 184.074 188.100 211.804
779
Chromium(II) chloride
CrCl2
10049-05-5
122.902
780 781
Chromium(II) chloride tetrahydrate Chromium(II) fluoride
Cr(H2O)4Cl2 ∙ 4H2O CrF2
13931-94-7 10049-10-2
267.024 89.993
782 783 784 785
Chromium(II) formate monohydrate Chromium(II) iodide Chromium(II) oxalate monohydrate Chromium(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Cr(CHOO)2 ∙ H2O CrI2 CrC2O4 ∙ H2O CrSO4 ∙ 5H2O
4493-37-2 13478-28-9 814-90-4* 13825-86-0
160.046 305.805 158.030 238.135
gray cub cry hex cry orth cry hex cry gray hex cry cub cry red monocl cry wh monocl cry; aq soln blue wh hyg needles; aq soln blue blue hyg cry blue-grn monocl cry red needles red-brn cry; hyg yel-grn powder blue cry
786 787 788 789 790 791 792
Chromium(II,III) oxide Chromium(III) acetate Chromium(III) acetate monohydrate Chromium(III) acetate hexahydrate Chromium(III) acetate hydroxide Chromium(III) bromide Chromium(III) bromide hexahydrate (α) Chromium(III) bromide hexahydrate (β) Chromium(III) chloride Chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate Chromium(III) fluoride Chromium(III) fluoride trihydrate Chromium(III) hydroxide sulfate Chromium(III) fluoride nonahydrate
Cr3O4 Cr(C2H3O2)3 Cr(C2H3O2)3 ∙ H2O Cr(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 6H2O Cr(C2H3O2)2(OH) CrBr3 CrBr3(H2O)4 ∙ 2H2O
12018-34-7 1066-30-4 25013-82-5 1066-30-4* 39430-51-8 10031-25-1 18721-05-6
219.986 229.127 247.143 337.220 187.092 291.708 399.799
cub cry blue-grn pwd gray-grn pow blue needles viol cry pow dark grn hex cry grn hyg cry
Cr(H2O)6Br3
10031-25-1*
399.799
viol hyg cry
CrCl3 [CrCl2(H2O)4]Cl ∙ 2H2O
10025-73-7 10060-12-5
158.355 266.446
CrF3 CrF3 ∙ 3H2O Cr(OH)SO4 Cr(H2O)6F3 ∙ 3H2O
7788-97-8 16671-27-5 12336-95-7 102430-09-1
108.991 163.037 165.066 271.129
red-viol cry grn monocl cry; hyg grn needles grn hex cry grn cry rhom viol cry
793 794 795 796 797 798 799
Physical form mp/°C yel orth hyg cry hyg solid grn-yel gas grn-yel; stable only in aq soln exists only in aq soln col hyg liq yel-brn gas oran-grn gas dark brn solid red liq col oily liq; exp col gas gas col gas col liq col gas col gas col gas unstab yel liq blue-wh metal; cub aq soln only hex cry tetr cry refrac orth cry refrac solid; hex refrac solid tetr cry gray orth cry col orth cry
520 115 -101.5
bp/°C
-34.04
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
2.898 g/L
Qualitative solubility vs H2O vs H2O sl H2O s H2O vs H2O
-112 -120.6 -59 exp <25 3.5 -91.5 -155.6 -76.34 -103 -42 -115 -81.2 -147 -117 1907
≈90 dec 2.2 11 ≈200 82 -101.1 11.75 -13.1 27 -6 -21.6 -46.75 ≈45 dec 2671
1110 2100 2200 1875 1900 1895 130 dec
s H2O vs H2O sl H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
1.9 2.226 g/L 3.779 g/L 5.332 g/L
reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
3.534 g/L 5.087 g/L 4.187 g/L 1.810 7.15
reac dil acid s H2O
7.11 7.04 6.1 5.22
subl
1080 dec 1650 ≈1500 1490 1770 842 824
1.77 3.552 g/L 2.757 g/L
1120
51 dec 894
867
6.10 6.68 1.77
i H2O, EtOH; s eth, chl
5.9 6.8 5.25 6.1 4.91 6.4 1.79 4.236
sl H2O s H2O, EtOH
2.88
s H2O
3.79
s H2O sl H2O; i EtOH
5.1 2.468 210
s H2O s H2O sl H2O s dil acid; sl EtOH; i ace
6.1
812
4.68
sl H2O sl H2O; i EtOH s H2O vs H2O s hot H2O, bz s H2O, EtOH s H2O; i EtOH, eth
1152
1425
1300 dec
2.76
3.8 2.2
sl H2O s H2O, EtOH; sl ace; i eth i H2O, EtOH sl H2O sl H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-59
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
800 801 802 803
Chromium(III) hydroxide trihydrate Chromium(III) iodide Chromium(III) nitrate Chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate
Cr(OH)3 ∙ 3H2O CrI3 Cr(NO3)3 Cr(NO3)3 ∙ 9H2O
1308-14-1 13569-75-0 13548-38-4 7789-02-8
157.063 432.709 238.011 400.148
804
Chromium(III) oxide
Cr2O3
1308-38-9
151.990
blue-grn powder dark grn hex cry grn hyg powder grn-blk monocl cry grn hex cry
805 806 807
Chromium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate Chromium(III) perchlorate Chromium(III) phosphate
Cr(CH3COCHCOCH3)3 Cr(ClO4)3 CrPO4
21679-31-2 27535-70-2 7789-04-0
349.320 350.348 146.967
red monocl cry grn-blue cry blue orth cry
808
CrPO4 ∙ 3.5H2O
84359-31-9
210.021
blue-grn powder
CrPO4 ∙ 6H2O
84359-31-9
255.059
viol cry
K3Cr(C2O4)3 ∙ 3H2O
15275-09-9
487.394
CrK(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
7788-99-0
499.403
blue-grn monocl cry viol-blk cub cry
89 dec
1.83
Cr2(SO4)3 Cr2(SO4)3 ∙ 18H2O
10101-53-8 10101-53-8*
392.180 716.455
red pow viol cry
dec >700 dec 115
3.1 1.7
814 815 816 817 818
Chromium(III) phosphate hemiheptahydrate Chromium(III) phosphate hexahydrate Chromium(III) potassium oxalate trihydrate Chromium(III) potassium sulfate dodecahydrate Chromium(III) sulfate Chromium(III) sulfate octadecahydrate Chromium(III) sulfide Chromium(III) telluride Chromium(IV) chloride Chromium(IV) fluoride Chromium(IV) oxide
Cr2S3 Cr2Te3 CrCl4 CrF4 CrO2
12018-22-3 12053-39-3 15597-88-3 10049-11-3 12018-01-8
200.187 486.79 193.808 127.990 83.995
819 820 821
Chromium(V) fluoride Chromium(V) oxide Chromium(VI) fluoride
CrF5 Cr2O5 CrF6
14884-42-5 12218-36-9 13843-28-2
146.988 183.989 165.986
822 823
Chromium(VI) oxide Chromium(VI) tetrafluoride oxide
CrO3 CrOF4
1333-82-0 23276-90-6
99.994 143.989
brn-blk hex cry hex cry gas, stable at HT grn cry brn-blk tetr powder red orth cry blk needles yel solid; stable at low temp red orth cry dark red solid
824
Chromium(VI) dichloride dioxide
CrO2Cl2
14977-61-8
154.901
825 826
Chromium(VI) difluoride dioxide Cobalt
CrO2F2 Co
7788-96-7 7440-48-4
121.992 58.933
827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835
Cobaltocene Cobalt antimonide Cobalt arsenic sulfide Cobalt arsenide (CoAs) Cobalt arsenide (CoAs2) Cobalt arsenide (CoAs3) Cobalt boride (CoB) Cobalt boride (Co2B) Cobalt carbonyl
Co(C5H5)2 CoSb CoAsS CoAs CoAs2 CoAs3 CoB Co2B Co2(CO)8
1277-43-6 12052-42-5 12254-82-9 27016-73-5 12044-42-7 12256-04-1 12006-77-8 12045-01-1 10210-68-1
836 837 838 839 840 841
Cobalt disulfide Cobalt dodecacarbonyl Cobalt phosphide Cobalt silicide Cobalt(II) acetate Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate
CoS2 Co4(CO)12 Co2P CoSi2 Co(C2H3O2)2 Co(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 4H2O
842 843
Cobalt(II) aluminate Cobalt(II) arsenate octahydrate
844 845 846 847 848
Cobalt(II) bromate hexahydrate Cobalt(II) bromide Cobalt(II) bromide hexahydrate Cobalt(II) carbonate Cobalt(II) basic carbonate
849 850 851
Cobalt(II) chlorate hexahydrate Cobalt(II) chloride Cobalt(II) chloride dihydrate
809 810 811 812 813
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
500 dec >60 dec 66.3
>100 dec
1.80
2320
≈3000
5.22
208
345
1.34
Solubility g/100 g H20
5.32
2.15 2.121
i H2O; s acid, alk
4.6
>500 dec
i H2O; s acid sl H2O vs H2O vs H2O i H2O, EtOH; sl acid, alk i H2O; s bz vs H2O i H2O, acid, aqua regia i H2O; s acid
5825 >1800
Qualitative solubility
s H2O
≈1300 >600 dec 277 ≈400 dec 117
197 55
≈250 dec
red liq
-96.5
117
1.91
30 1495
subl 2927
8.86
189.119 180.693 165.920 133.855 208.776 283.698 69.744 128.677 341.947
red-viol cry gray metal; hex or cub blk-purp cry hex cry silv-wh solid orth cry monocl cry cub cry refrac solid refrac solid oran cry
12013-10-4 17786-31-1 12134-02-0 12017-12-8 71-48-7 6147-53-1
123.063 571.854 148.840 115.104 177.022 249.082
cub cry blk cry gray needles gray cub cry pink cry red monocl cry
CoAl2O4 Co3(AsO4)2 ∙ 8H2O
13820-62-7 24719-19-5
176.894 598.760
Co(BrO3)2 ∙ 6H2O CoBr2 CoBr2 ∙ 6H2O CoCO3 2CoCO3 ∙ 3Co(OH)2 ∙ H2O Co(ClO3)2 ∙ 6H2O CoCl2 CoCl2 ∙ 2H2O
13476-01-2 7789-43-7 13762-12-4 513-79-1 7542-09-8
422.829 218.741 326.832 118.942 534.743
blue cub cry red monocl needles viol cry grn hex cry; hyg red hyg cry pink rhomb cry red-viol cry
7646-79-9 16544-92-6
333.927 129.839 165.870
dark red hyg cry blue hyg leaflets viol-blue cry
2.7
942 1460 1280 51 dec
60 dec 1386 1326
4.3 2.09 6.4 4.9
reac H2O i H2O; s acid
16925 reac H2O, ace, dmso reac H2O; s ctc, chl, bz reac H2O s dil acid
reac H2O, HNO3 i H2O; s EtOH, eth, CS2
i H2O; s HNO3 s hot HCl vs H2O; s EtOH s H2O, EtOH, dil acid i H2O i H2O; s dil acid
1.705
400 dec
678 47 dec dec 280 dec dec 61 737
1000 dec
100 dec
1049
s H2O; vs acid reac H2O
reac H2O
8.8 ≈6.1 8.22 7.2 6.84 7.25 8.1 1.78
1180
6425
3.8 7.0 7.922 g/L 2.89 4.89
34 dec 200 -100 dec
173 1202
s H2O; i EtOH
4.37 3.0 ≈2.5 4.91 2.46 4.2
113.220 113.2 0.0001420
3.36 2.477
56.225 56.225
vs H2O s MeOH, EtOH, ace i EtOH i H2O; s acid s H2O s EtOH, eth, ace, py
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-60 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
852
Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate
CoCl2 ∙ 6H2O
7791-13-1
237.930
853 854 855 856 857 858 859
Cobalt(II) chromate Cobalt(II) chromite Cobalt(II) citrate dihydrate Cobalt(II) cyanide Cobalt(II) cyanide dihydrate Cobalt(II) diiron tetroxide Cobalt(II) ferricyanide
CoCrO4 CoCr2O4 Co3(C6H5O7)2 ∙ 2H2O Co(CN)2 Co(CN)2 ∙ 2H2O CoFe2O4 Co3[Fe(CN)6]2
24613-38-5 13455-25-9 18727-04-3 542-84-7 20427-11-6 12052-28-7 14049-81-1
860 861 862 863
CoF2 CoF2 ∙ 4H2O Co(CHO2)2 ∙ 2H2O Co(CF3COCHCOCF3)2
865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874
Cobalt(II) fluoride Cobalt(II) fluoride tetrahydrate Cobalt(II) formate dihydrate Cobalt(II) hexafluoro-2,4pentanedioate Cobalt(II) hexafluorosilicate hexahydrate Cobalt(II) hydroxide Cobalt(II) hydroxide monohydrate Cobalt(II) iodate Cobalt(II) iodide Cobalt(II) iodide dihydrate Cobalt(II) iodide hexahydrate Cobalt(II) molybdate Cobalt(II) molybdate monohydrate Cobalt(II) nitrate Cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate
875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
174.927 226.923 265.170 110.967 146.998 234.621 600.698
pink-red monocl cry yel-brn orth cry blue-grn cub cry rose red cry blue hyg cry pink-brn needles blk solid red needles
dec 150
10026-17-2 13817-37-3 6424-20-0 19648-83-0
96.930 168.992 184.998 473.035
red tetr cry red orth cry red cry powder powder
1127 dec 140 dec 197
CoSiF6 ∙ 6H2O
12021-68-0
309.100
pale red cry
Co(OH)2 Co(OH)2 ∙ H2O Co(IO3)2 CoI2 CoI2 ∙ 2H2O CoI2 ∙ 6H2O CoMoO4 CoMoO4 ∙ H2O Co(NO3)2 Co(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O
21041-93-0 35340-84-2 13455-28-2 15238-00-3 13455-29-3 15238-00-3* 13762-14-6 18601-87-1 10141-05-6 10026-22-9
92.948 110.963 408.738 312.742 348.773 420.833 218.87 236.89 182.942 291.034
blue-grn cry blue solid blk-viol needles blk hex cry; hyg hyg grn cry red hex prisms blk monocl cry blk pow pale red powder red monocl cry; hyg
Cobalt(II) nitrite Cobalt(II) oleate Cobalt(II) orthosilicate Cobalt(II) oxalate Cobalt(II) oxalate dihydrate Cobalt(II) oxide Cobalt(II) 2,4-pentanedioate Cobalt(II) perchlorate Cobalt(II) perchlorate hexahydrate Cobalt(II) phosphate octahydrate
Co(NO2)2 Co(C18H33O2)2 Co2SiO4 CoC2O4 CoC2O4 ∙ 2H2O CoO Co(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 Co(ClO4)2 Co(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O Co3(PO4)2 ∙ 8H2O
18488-96-5 14666-94-5 12017-08-2 814-89-1 5965-38-8 1307-96-6 14024-48-7 13455-31-7 13478-33-6 10294-50-5
150.944 621.840 209.950 146.952 182.982 74.932 257.149 257.834 365.926 510.865
CoK2(SO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
10026-20-7
437.347
886 887
Cobalt(II) potassium sulfate hexahydrate Cobalt(II) selenate pentahydrate Cobalt(II) selenide
brn amorp pow red-viol orth cry pink powder pink needles gray cub cry bl-viol cry red needles dark red cry pink amorp powder red monocl cry
CoSeO4 ∙ 5H2O CoSe
14590-19-3 1307-99-9
291.97 137.89
red tricl cry yel hex cry
888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896
Cobalt(II) selenite dihydrate Cobalt(II) stannate Cobalt(II) stearate Cobalt(II) sulfate Cobalt(II) sulfate monohydrate Cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydrate Cobalt(II) sulfide Cobalt(II) telluride Cobalt(II) thiocyanate
CoSeO3 ∙ 2H2O Co2SnO4 Co(C18H35O2)2 CoSO4 CoSO4 ∙ H2O CoSO4 ∙ 7H2O CoS CoTe Co(SCN)2
19034-13-0 12139-93-4 1002-88-6 10124-43-3 13455-34-0 10026-24-1 1317-42-6 12017-13-9 3017-60-5
221.92 300.574 625.872 154.996 173.011 281.102 90.998 186.53 175.097
blue-red powder grn-blue cub cry purp solid red orth cry red monocl cry pink monocl cry blk amorp powder hex cry yel-brn powder
897 898 899
Cobalt(II) thiocyanate trihydrate Cobalt(II) titanate Cobalt(II) tungstate
Co(SCN)2 ∙ 3H2O CoTiO3 CoWO4
97126-35-7 12017-01-5 12640-47-0
229.143 154.798 306.77
viol rhomb cry grn rhomb cry blue monocl cry
900 901 902
Co3O4 Co(C2H3O2)3 NH4[Co(NH3)2(NO2)4]
1308-06-1 917-69-1 13600-89-0
240.798 236.064 295.054
blk cub cry grn hyg cry red-brn orth cry
900 dec 100 dec
903
Cobalt(II,III) oxide Cobalt(III) acetate Cobalt(III) ammonium tetranitrodiammine Cobalt(III) fluoride
CoF3
10026-18-3
115.928
brn hex cry
927
3.88
904 905 906 907 908
Cobalt(III) fluoride dihydrate Cobalt(III) hexammine chloride Cobalt(III) hydroxide Cobalt(III) nitrate Cobalt(III) oxide
Co2F6 ∙ 2H2O Co(NH3)6Cl3 Co(OH)3 Co(NO3)3 Co2O3
54496-71-8 10534-89-1 1307-86-4 15520-84-0 1308-04-9
267.887 267.475 109.955 244.948 165.864
red rhomb cry red monocl cry brn powder grn cub cry; hyg gray-blk powder
dec
2.19 1.71 ≈4 ≈3.0 5.18
864
87 dec
Density g cm–3 1.924
Solubility g/100 g H20 56.225
≈4.0 5.14 0.815 1.872
≈1400
4.46 2.22 2.13
1.425 1.425 5.0320
2.087
76.822
≈160 dec 136 dec 200 dec 520 dec 100 130 dec 1040
3.60
100 dec ≈55
Qualitative solubility s EtOH, ace, eth i H2O; s acid i H2O, conc acid i H2O i H2O, acid s hot HCl i H2O, HCl; s NH4OH s acid i EtOH
sl H2O; s acid
5.09 5.60
0.4620 20325
2.90 4.7
20325
s EtOH, eth, ace
2.49 1.88
10325 10325
s EtOH
0.4925 1345 250 dec dec 1830 167
4.63 3.02 6.44
dec 170
3.33 3.33 2.77
75 dec
2.22
dec 1055
2.51 7.65
74 >700 41 dec 1117
0.003720 0.0037
6.30 1.13 3.71 3.08 2.03 5.45 ≈8.8
11325
5515 i H2O, alk; s aqua regia i H2O i H2O; s alk 38.325 38.325 38.325
10325
6.11 1.97
895 dec
i EtOH, ace vs H2O i H2O; s acid vs H2O
10325
5.0 ≈7.8
i H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O; s dil HCl s acid, NH4OH sl acid; s NH4OH i H2O; s acid
sl EtOH, MeOH i H2O; s acid s EtOH, MeOH, ace, eth s EtOH, eth, ace i H2O; s hot conc acid i H2O; s acid, alk s H2O, EtOH s H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz s H2O; i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH i H2O; s acid s H2O; reac os i H2O; s conc acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-61
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
909 910 911
Co2O3 ∙ H2O Co(CH3COCHCOCH3)3 CoK3(NO2)6 ∙ 1.5H2O
12016-80-7 21679-46-9 13782-01-9*
183.880 356.257 479.284
brn-blk hex cry dark grn cry yel cub cry
912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920
Cobalt(III) oxide monohydrate Cobalt(III) 2,4-pentanedioate Cobalt(III) potassium nitrite sesquihydrate Cobalt(III) sulfide Cobalt(III) titanate Copper Copper arsenide Copper nitride Copper phosphide Copper silicide Copper(I) acetate Copper(I) acetylide
Co2S3 Co2TiO4 Cu Cu3As Cu3N CuP2 Cu5Si CuC2H3O2 Cu2C2
1332-71-4 12017-38-8 7440-50-8 12005-75-3 1308-80-1 12019-11-3 12159-07-8 598-54-9 1117-94-8
214.061 229.731 63.546 265.560 204.645 125.494 345.816 122.590 151.113
921 922 923 924
Copper(I) azide Copper(I) bromide Copper(I) chloride Copper(I) cyanide
CuN3 CuBr CuCl CuCN
14336-80-2 7787-70-4 7758-89-6 544-92-3
105.566 143.450 98.999 89.564
925 926 927 928
Copper(I) fluoride Copper(I) hydride Copper(I) iodide Copper(I) mercury iodide
CuF CuH CuI Cu2HgI4
13478-41-6 13517-00-5 7681-65-4 13876-85-2
82.544 64.554 190.450 835.30
blk cub cry grn-blk cub cry red metal; cub dark gray solid cub cry monocl cry solid col cry red amorp powder; exp tetr cry; exp wh cub cry; hyg wh cub cry wh powder or grn orth cry cub cry red-brn solid wh cub cry red cry powder
929 930 931 932
Copper(I) oxide Copper(I) selenide Copper(I) sulfide Copper(I) sulfite hemihydrate
Cu2O Cu2Se Cu2S Cu2SO3 ∙ 0.5H2O
1317-39-1 20405-64-5 22205-45-4 13982-53-1*
143.091 206.05 159.157 216.164
red-brn cub cry blue-blk tetr cry blue-blk orth cry wh-yel hex cry
933 934 935
Copper(I) sulfite monohydrate Copper(I) telluride Copper(I) thiocyanate
Cu2SO3 ∙ H2O Cu2Te CuSCN
35788-00-2 12019-52-2 1111-67-7
225.171 254.69 121.629
936
Copper(I,II) sulfite dihydrate
Cu2SO3 ∙ CuSO3 ∙ 2H2O
13814-81-8
386.795
937
Copper(II) acetate
Cu(C2H3O2)2
142-71-2
181.635
938 939 940
Copper(II) acetate monohydrate Copper(II) acetate metaarsenite Copper(II) basic acetate
6046-93-1 12002-03-8 52503-64-7
199.650 1013.795 369.271
941 942
Copper(II) acetylide Copper(II) arsenate
Cu(C2H3O2)2 ∙ H2O Cu(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 3Cu(AsO2)2 Cu(C2H3O2)2 ∙ CuO ∙ 6H2O CuC2 Cu3(AsO4)2
12540-13-5 7778-41-8
87.567 468.476
cry blue hex cry wh-yel amorp powder red prisms or powder blue-grn hyg powder grn monocl cry grn cry powder blue-grn cry or powder brn-blk solid; exp blue-grn cry
943 944 945 946
Copper(II) arsenite Copper(II) azide Copper(II) borate Copper(II) bromide
CuHAsO3 Cu(N3)2 Cu(BO2)2 CuBr2
10290-12-7 14215-30-6 39290-85-2 7789-45-9
187.474 147.586 149.166 223.354
947
Copper(II) butanoate monohydrate
Cu(C4H7O2)2 ∙ H2O
540-16-9
255.756
yel-grn powder brn orth cry; exp blue-grn powder blk monocl cry; hyg grn monocl plates
948 949
Copper(II) carbonate Copper(II) carbonate hydroxide
CuCO3 CuCO3 ∙ Cu(OH)2
1184-64-1 12069-69-1
123.555 221.116
cry grn monocl cry
950 951
Copper(II) chlorate hexahydrate Copper(II) chloride
Cu(ClO3)2 ∙ 6H2O CuCl2
14721-21-2 7447-39-4
338.540 134.452
952
Copper(II) chloride dihydrate
CuCl2 ∙ 2H2O
10125-13-0
170.483
953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962
Copper(II) chloride hydroxide Copper(II) chromate Copper(II) basic chromate Copper(II) chromite Copper(II) citrate hemipentahydrate Copper(II) cyanide Copper(II) cyclohexanebutanoate Copper(II) dichromate dihydrate Copper(II) ethanolate Copper(II) ethylacetoacetate
Cu2(OH)3Cl CuCrO4 CuCrO4 ∙ 2Cu(OH)2 CuCr2O4 Cu2C6H4O7 ∙ 2.5H2O Cu(CN)2 Cu(C10H17O2)2 CuCr2O7 ∙ 2H2O Cu(C2H5O)2 Cu(C2H5CO2CHCOCH3)2
1332-65-6 13548-42-0 12433-14-6 12018-10-9 10402-15-0 14763-77-0 2218-80-6 13675-47-3 2850-65-9 14284-06-1
213.567 179.540 374.661 231.536 360.221 115.580 402.028 315.565 153.667 321.813
blue-grn hyg cry yel-brn monocl cry; hyg grn-blue orth cry; hyg pale grn cry red-brn cry brn pow gray-blk tetr cry blue-grn cry grn powder powder red-brn tricl cry blue hyg solid grn cry
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
150 dec 213
Solubility g/100 g H20
2.6
1084.62 827 300 dec ≈900 825 dec
2562
483 423 474
1345 1490 dec
4.8 5.1 8.96
Qualitative solubility i H2O; s acid s bz, ace sl H2O; reac acid; i EtOH reac acid s conc HCl sl dil acid
5.84 4.20 subl
reac H2O
4.98 4.14 2.9
0.001220 0.004720
i ace i EtOH, ace i H2O, EtOH; s KCN soln
0.00002020
i dil acid i H2O, EtOH
7.1 60 dec 591 trans ≈60 (brn) 1244 1113 1129
≈1290
5.67
1800 dec
6.0 6.84 5.6
3.83 4.6 2.85
1127 1084
115
i H2O i H2O; s acid i H2O; sl acid sl H2O; s acid, alk; i EtOH, eth sl H2O; s HCl
240 dec
i H2O, dil acid, EtOH, ace; s eth i H2O, EtOH; s HCl
s H2O, EtOH; sl eth i H2O; reac acid sl H2O, EtOH; s dil acid, NH4OH
1.88
exp 100
498
900
200 dec 65 598 100 dec
≈2.6 3.859 4.710
12625
4.0 100 dec 993
3.4
16418 75.725
2.51
75.720
dec 260 5.4 100 dec 126 dec 2.286 120 dec 192
i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid i H2O, EtOH; s acid i H2O; s acid vs H2O; s EtOH, ace; i bz, eth s H2O, diox, bz; sl EtOH i H2O i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid vs EtOH s EtOH, ace vs EtOH, MeOH; s ace; i eth i H2O; s acid i H2O; s EtOH i H2O; s HNO3 i H2O, dil acid sl H2O; s dil acid i H2O; s acid, alk vs H2O i os s EtOH, chl
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-62 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
963 964 965
Copper(II) 2-ethylhexanoate Copper(II) ferrate Copper(II) ferrocyanide
Cu(C8H15O2)2 CuFe2O4 Cu2Fe(CN)6
149-11-1 12018-79-0 13601-13-3
349.953 239.234 339.041
966 967 968 969 970 971 972
CuFeS2 CuF2 CuF2 ∙ 2H2O Cu(CHO2)2 Cu(CHO2)2 ∙ 4H2O CuC12H22O14 Cu(CF3COCHCOCF3)2
1308-56-1 7789-19-7 13454-88-1 544-19-4 5893-61-8 527-09-3 14781-45-4
CuSiF6 ∙ 4H2O
974
Copper(II) ferrous sulfide Copper(II) fluoride Copper(II) fluoride dihydrate Copper(II) formate Copper(II) formate tetrahydrate Copper(II) gluconate Copper(II) hexafluoro-2,4pentanedioate Copper(II) hexafluorosilicate tetrahydrate Copper(II) hydroxide
975 976 977 978
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
183.521 101.543 137.574 153.581 225.641 453.841 477.648
powder blk cry red-br cub cry or powder yel tetr cry wh monocl cry blue monocl cry blue cry blue monocl cry bl-grn cry cry
950 836 130 dec
12062-24-7
277.684
blue monocl cry
dec
Cu(OH)2
20427-59-2
97.561
blue-grn powder
Copper(II) iodate Copper(II) iodate monohydrate Copper(II) molybdate Copper(II) nitrate
Cu(IO3)2 Cu(IO3)2 ∙ H2O CuMoO4 Cu(NO3)2
13454-89-2 13454-90-5 13767-34-5 3251-23-8
413.351 431.367 223.48 187.555
dec 248 dec ≈500 255
subl
979 980
Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate Copper(II) nitrate hexahydrate
Cu(NO3)2 ∙ 3H2O Cu(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O
10031-43-3 13478-38-1
241.602 295.647
114
170 dec
981
Copper(II) oleate
Cu(C18H33O2)2
1120-44-1
626.453
grn monocl cry blue tricl cry grn cry blue-grn orth cry; hyg blue rhomb cry blue rhomb cry; hyg blue-grn solid
982
Copper(II) oxalate
CuC2O4
814-91-5
151.565
blue-wh powder
310 dec
983 984
Copper(II) oxalate hemihydrate Copper(II) oxide
CuC2O4 ∙ 0.5H2O CuO
814-91-5* 1317-38-0
144.573 79.545
200 dec 1227
985 986
Cu(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 CuCl2 ∙ 3CuO ∙ 3.5H2O
13395-16-9 1332-40-7
261.762
987 988
Copper(II) 2,4-pentanedioate Copper(II) oxychloride hemiheptahydrate Copper(II) perchlorate Copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate
blue-wh cry blk powder or monocl cry blue powder blue-grn pow
Cu(ClO4)2 Cu(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
13770-18-8 10294-46-9
262.447 370.539
989
Copper(II) phosphate
Cu3(PO4)2
7798-23-4
380.581
grn hyg cry blue monocl cry; hyg blue-grn tricl cry
990
Copper(II) phosphate trihydrate
Cu3(PO4)2 ∙ 3H2O
10031-48-8
434.627
blue-grn orth cry
991
Copper(II) phthalocyanine
CuC32H16N8
147-14-8
576.069
bl-purp cry
992
Copper(II) selenate pentahydrate
CuSeO4 ∙ 5H2O
10031-45-5
296.58
blue tricl cry
993
Copper(II) selenide
CuSe
1317-41-5
142.51
994
Copper(II) selenite dihydrate
CuSeO3 ∙ 2H2O
15168-20-4
226.54
blue-blk needles or plates blue orth cry
995 996 997
Copper(II) silicate dihydrate Copper(II) stannate Copper(II) stearate
CuSiO3 ∙ 2H2O CuSnO3 Cu(C18H35O2)2
26318-99-0 12019-07-7 660-60-6
175.661 230.254 630.485
998
Copper(II) sulfate
CuSO4
7758-98-7
159.609
999 1000 1001
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Copper(II) sulfate, basic Copper(II) sulfide
CuSO4 ∙ 5H2O Cu3(OH)4SO4 CuS
7758-99-8 1332-14-5 1317-40-4
249.685 354.730 95.611
grn-blue orth cry blue pow blue-grn amorp powder wh-grn amorp powder or rhomb cry blue tricl cry grn rhomb cry blk hex cry
1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007
CuC4H4O6 ∙ 3H2O CuTe CuTeO3 Cu(BF4)2 CuTiO3 Cu(CF3COCHCOCH3)2
815-82-7 12019-23-7 13812-58-3 14735-84-3 12019-08-8 14324-82-4
265.663 191.15 239.14 237.155 159.411 369.705
blue-grn powder yel orth cry blk glassy solid solid gray pow blue-purp cry
1008 1009
Copper(II) tartrate trihydrate Copper(II) telluride Copper(II) tellurite Copper(II) tetrafluoroborate Copper(II) titanate Copper(II) 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4pentanedioate Copper(II) tungstate Copper(II) tungstate dihydrate
CuWO4 CuWO4 ∙ 2H2O
13587-35-4 13587-35-4*
311.38 347.41
yel-brn powder grn powder
1010
Copper(II) vanadate
Cu(VO3)2
12789-09-2
261.425
powder
973
Density g cm–3
252 dec
Solubility g/100 g H20
2.2
156 98
1676
4.2 4.23 2.934
i H2O, acid, os
0.07525 0.07525 12.520 12.5
220 dec 2.56
99.717
3.37
284 dec dec 140 130 dec 82
5.241 4.872 3.4
2.32 2.07
0.1520 0.1520 0.038 14525 14525 14525
0.002620 0.002620 6.31 subl
2.22
14630 14630
80 dec
2.56
27.425
550 dec
5.99
120 dec
Qualitative solubility
i H2O, HCl; s HNO3
i os sl EtOH; i os sl EtOH; i os s MeOH, ace, tol sl EtOH i H2O; s acid, conc alk s dil acid s dil H2SO4 s diox; reac eth vs EtOH s EtOH i H2O; sl EtOH; s eth i EtOH, eth; s NH4OH s NH4OH i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid sl H2O; s chl i H2O; s acid, NH4OH s eth, diox; i bz, ctc vs EtOH, HOAc, ace; sl eth i H2O; s acid, NH4OH i H2O; s acid, NH4OH i H2O, EtOH; s conc H2SO4 s acid, NH4OH; sl ace; i EtOH reac acid i H2O; s acid, NH4OH
3.31
≈250 560 dec
3.60
22.025
110 dec
22.025
trans 507
2.286 3.88 4.76
trans ≈400
7.09
i H2O, EtOH, eth; s py i EtOH
s MeOH; sl EtOH i H2O i H2O, EtOH, dil acid, alk sl H2O; s acid, alk i H2O s H2O
197
dec 260
s EtOH, tol 7.5 i H2O; sl HOAc; reac conc acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-63
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1011
Curium
Cm
7440-51-9
247
1345
≈3100
13.51
162.500 205.744 176.507 218.671 322.308 233.406 416.309 411.693 402.212 577.088
silv metal; hex or cub silv metal; hex tetr cry cub cry orth cry blk solid blk cry purp cry yel needles wh hyg cry wh cry pow
1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021
Dy DyB4 DyN DySi2 DyBr2 DyCl2 DyI2 Dy(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 4H2O DyBr3 Dy2(CO3)3 ∙ 4H2O
7429-91-6 12310-43-9 12019-88-4 12133-07-2 83229-05-4 13767-31-2 36377-94-3 15280-55-4 14456-48-5 38245-35-1
DyCl3 DyCl3 ∙ 6H2O
1029 1030 1031
Dysprosium Dysprosium boride Dysprosium nitride Dysprosium silicide Dysprosium(II) bromide Dysprosium(II) chloride Dysprosium(II) iodide Dysprosium(III) acetate tetrahydrate Dysprosium(III) bromide Dysprosium(III) carbonate tetrahydrate Dysprosium(III) chloride Dysprosium(III) chloride hexahydrate Dysprosium(III) fluoride Dysprosium(III) hydride Dysprosium(III) hydroxide Dysprosium(III) iodide Dysprosium(III) nitrate pentahydrate Dysprosium(III) oxide Dysprosium(III) sulfate octahydrate Dysprosium(III) sulfide
1412 2500
2567
8.55 6.98 9.93 5.2
10025-74-8 15059-52-6
268.859 376.950
wh or yel cry bright yel cry
718 dec 162
DyF3 DyH3 Dy(OH)3 DyI3 Dy(NO3)3 ∙ 5H2O
13569-80-7 13537-09-2 1308-85-6 15474-63-2 10143-38-1*
219.495 165.524 213.522 543.213 438.591
grn cry hex cry yel or wh needles grn cry yel cry
1157
Dy2O3 Dy2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Dy2S3
1308-87-8 10031-50-2 12133-10-7
372.998 757.310 421.195
Dysprosium(III) telluride Einsteinium Erbium Erbium boride Erbium acetate tetrahydrate Erbium bromide Erbium bromide hexahydrate Erbium chloride
Dy2Te3 Es Er ErB4 Er(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 4H2O ErBr3 ErBr3 ∙ 6H2O ErCl3
12159-43-2 7429-92-7 7440-52-0 12310-44-0 15280-57-6 13536-73-7 14890-44-9 10138-41-7
707.80 252 167.259 210.503 416.452 406.971 515.062 273.618
1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051
Erbium chloride hexahydrate Erbium fluoride Erbium hydride Erbium hydroxide Erbium iodide Erbium nitrate pentahydrate Erbium nitride Erbium oxide Erbium silicide Erbium sulfate Erbium sulfate octahydrate Erbium sulfide
ErCl3 ∙ 6H2O ErF3 ErH3 Er(OH)3 ErI3 Er(NO3)3 ∙ 5H2O ErN Er2O3 ErSi2 Er2(SO4)3 Er2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Er2S3
10025-75-9 13760-83-3 13550-53-3 14646-16-3 13813-42-8 10168-80-6* 12020-21-2 12061-16-4 12020-28-9 13478-49-4 10031-52-4 12159-66-9
381.709 224.254 170.283 218.281 547.972 443.350 181.266 382.516 223.430 622.706 766.828 430.713
1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071
Erbium telluride Europium Europium boride Europium nitride Europium silicide Europium(II) bromide Europium(II) chloride Europium(II) fluoride Europium(II) iodide Europium(II) selenide Europium(II) sulfate Europium(II) sulfide Europium(II) telluride Europium(III) bromide Europium(III) chloride Europium(III) chloride hexahydrate Europium(III) fluoride Europium(III) iodide Europium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Europium(III) oxalate
Er2Te3 Eu EuB6 EuN EuSi2 EuBr2 EuCl2 EuF2 EuI2 EuSe EuSO4 EuS EuTe EuBr3 EuCl3 EuCl3 ∙ 6H2O EuF3 EuI3 Eu(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Eu2(C2O4)3
12020-39-2 7440-53-1 12008-05-8 12020-58-5 12434-24-1 13780-48-8 13769-20-5 14077-39-5 22015-35-6 12020-66-5 10031-54-6 12020-65-4 12020-69-8 13759-88-1 10025-76-0 13759-92-7 13765-25-8 13759-90-5 10031-53-5 3269-12-3
717.32 151.964 216.830 165.971 208.135 311.772 222.870 189.961 405.773 230.92 248.027 184.029 279.56 391.676 258.323 366.414 208.959 532.677 446.070 567.985
wh cub cry pale yel cry red-brn monocl cry solid metal; cub silv metal; hex tetr cry pink or wh cry viol hyg cry pink cry viol monocl cry; hyg pink hyg cry pink orth cry hex cry pink solid viol hex cry; hyg red cry cub cry pink powder orth cry hyg powder pink monocl cry red-brn monocl cry orth cry soft silv metal; cub cub cry cub cry tetr cry wh cry wh orth cry grn-yel cub cry grn cry brn cub cry col orth cry cub cry blk cub cry gray cry grn-yel needles wh-yel hyg cry wh hyg cry col cry; unstab wh-pink hyg cry wh solid
1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039
1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028
1550
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility s dil acid
721 dec 659 dec 120 879
reac H2O reac H2O s H2O; sl EtOH s H2O i H2O 1530
3.67
s H2O, MeOH
7.1 205 dec 978 88.6 2228 110
i H2O 208.425 3900
7.81
s acid sl H2O
6.08 ≈1550 860 1529 2450 950
2868
4.1
dec 1146
≈5.5 240.825 3920
dec dec 1730
1500 683 731 ≈1380 580
1526 dec 623 850 1276 ≈875 85 dec
s H2O; sl EtOH i H2O
7.8 ≈7.6
1014 130 dec
1213 822 ≈2600
s H2O s H2O, thf s H2O s H2O
≈1460
776
2344
i H2O; s acid
9.07 7.0 2.11
1529
10.6 8.64 7.26 3.68 3.20 6.07
i H2O s H2O s EtOH, ace i H2O; s acid
1320 1320
7.11 5.24 4.91 8.7 5.46
reac H2O
s H2O s H2O
4.9 6.5
s H2O
6.45 4.99 5.7 6.48
i H2O
s H2O
4.89 4.89
s H2O i H2O 19325 i H2O; s acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-64 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1072 1073
Eu2O3 Eu(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O
1308-96-9 36907-40-1
351.926 558.407
pink powder wh or pink cry
3790
7.42
1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079
Europium(III) oxide Europium(III) perchlorate hexahydrate Europium(III) sulfate Europium(III) sulfate octahydrate Fermium Fluorine Fluorine monoxide Difluorine dioxide
Eu2(SO4)3 Eu2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Fm F2 F2O F2O2
13537-15-0 10031-52-4 7440-72-4 7782-41-4 7783-41-7 7783-44-0
592.116 736.238 257 37.997 53.996 69.996
1080 1081
Fluorine tetroxide Fluorine nitrate
F2O4 FNO3
107782-11-6 7789-26-6
101.995 81.003
pale pink cry pink cry metal pale yel gas col gas red-oran solid, unstab gas red-brn solid col gas
1082 1083
Fluorine perchlorate Francium
FOClO3 Fr
10049-03-3 7440-73-5
118.449 223.000
1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091
Gadolinium Gadolinium boride Gadolinium nitride Gadolinium silicide Gadolinium(II) iodide Gadolinium(II) selenide Gadolinium(III) acetate tetrahydrate Gadolinium(III) bromide
Gd GdB6 GdN GdSi2 GdI2 GdSe Gd(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 4H2O GdBr3
7440-54-2 12008-06-9 25764-15-2 12134-75-7 13814-72-7 12024-81-6 15280-53-2 13818-75-2
157.25 222.12 171.26 213.42 411.06 236.21 406.44 396.96
1092
Gadolinium(III) chloride
GdCl3
10138-52-0
263.61
1093
GdCl3 ∙ 6H2O
19423-81-5
371.70
1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 1102 1103 1104
Gadolinium(III) chloride hexahydrate Gadolinium(III) fluoride Gadolinium(III) iodide Gadolinium(III) nitrate pentahydrate Gadolinium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Gadolinium(III) oxalate decahydrate Gadolinium(III) oxide Gadolinium(III) sulfate Gadolinium(III) sulfate octahydrate Gadolinium(III) sulfide Gadolinium(III) telluride Gallium
GdF3 GdI3 Gd(NO3)3 ∙ 5H2O Gd(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Gd2(C2O4)3 ∙ 10H2O Gd2O3 Gd2(SO4)3 Gd2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Gd2S3 Gd2Te3 Ga
13765-26-9 13572-98-0 52788-53-1 19598-90-4 22992-15-0 12064-62-9 13628-54-1 13450-87-8 12134-77-9 12160-99-5 7440-55-3
214.25 537.96 433.34 451.36 758.71 362.50 602.69 746.81 410.70 697.30 69.723
1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115
Gallium antimonide Gallium arsenide Gallium nitride Gallium phosphide Gallium suboxide Gallium(II) chloride Gallium(II) selenide Gallium(II) sulfide Gallium(II) telluride Gallium(III) bromide Gallium(III) chloride
GaSb GaAs GaN GaP Ga2O GaCl2 GaSe GaS GaTe GaBr3 GaCl3
12064-03-8 1303-00-0 25617-97-4 12063-98-8 12024-20-3 24597-12-4 12024-11-2 12024-10-1 12024-14-5 13450-88-9 13450-90-3
191.483 144.645 83.730 100.697 155.445 140.629 148.68 101.788 197.32 309.435 176.082
1116
Gallium(III) fluoride
GaF3
7783-51-9
126.718
1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125
Gallium(III) fluoride trihydrate Gallium(III) hydride Gallium(III) hydroxide Gallium(III) iodide Gallium(III) nitrate Gallium(III) oxide Gallium(III) oxide hydroxide Gallium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate Gallium(III) perchlorate hexahydrate Gallium(III) selenide Gallium(III) sulfate Gallium(III) sulfate octadecahydrate Gallium(III) sulfide
GaF3 ∙ 3H2O GaH3 Ga(OH)3 GaI3 Ga(NO3)3 Ga2O3 GaOOH Ga(CH3COCHCOCH3)3 Ga(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O
22886-66-4 13572-93-5 12023-99-3 13450-91-4 13494-90-1 12024-21-4 20665-52-5 14405-43-7 17835-81-3
180.764 72.747 120.745 450.436 255.738 187.444 102.730 367.047 476.166
wh cry yel cry wh cry hyg tricl cry wh monocl pow wh hyg powder col cry col monocl cry yel cub cry orth cry silv liq or gray orth cry brn cub cry gray cub cry gray hex cry yel cub cry brn powder wh orth cry hex cry hex cry monocl cry wh orth cry col needles or gl solid wh powder or col needles wh cry visc liq unstab prec monocl cry wh cry powder wh cry orth cry wh powder cry
Ga2Se3 Ga2(SO4)3 Ga2(SO4)3 ∙ 18H2O Ga2S3
12024-24-7 13494-91-2 13780-42-2 12024-22-5
376.33 427.634 751.909 235.641
cub cry hex cry octahed cry monocl cry
1126 1127 1128 1129
col gas; exp short-lived alkali metal silv metal; hex blk-brn cub cry cub cry orth cry bronze cry cub cry wh tricl cry wh monocl cry; hyg wh monocl cry; hyg col hyg cry
2291
4.99 375 dec 1527 -219.67 tp -223.8 -163.5
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility i H2O; s acid s H2O, EtOH
2.120 2.120
-188.12 -144.3 -57 (extrap) dec -185 -46
1.553 g/L 2.207 g/L 2.861 g/L
reac H2O sl H2O
3.311 g/L
-167.3 27
-16
4.841 g/L
reac H2O, EtOH, eth; s ace reac H2O
1313 2510
3273
7.90 5.31 9.10 5.9
-191 -175
s dil acid
1540 831 2170 dec 770
8.1 1.61 4.56
s H2O
602
4.52
s H2O
2.424
s H2O
1232 930 92 dec 91 dec dec 110 2339 500 dec 400 dec 1255 29.7666 tp 712 1238 >2500 1457 >660 172.4 960 965 824 123 77.9
2.41 2.33 3900
2204
>800 dec 535
279 201
>1000
7.41 4.1 4.14 6.1 7.7 5.91
2.6020 2.320
s EtOH i H2O; sl acid i H2O; s acid sl H2O sl H2O
reac alk
5.6137 5.3176 6.1 4.138 4.77 2.74 5.03 3.86 5.44 3.69 2.47 4.47
i H2O sl H2O
>140 dec -15
≈0 dec
212
340
4.5
subl
≈6.0 5.23 1.42
1807 193 dec 175
19025 19025
937
4.92
1090
3.7
s H2O, EtOH, eth s hot acid
s H2O, EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-65
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1130 1131 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151
Gallium(III) telluride Germanium Germane Digermane Trigermane Tetragermane Pentagermane Bromogermane Chlorogermane Chlorotrifluorogermane Dibromogermane Dichlorogermane Dichlorodifluorogermane Dichlorodimethylgermane Fluorogermane Iodogermane Methylgermane Tribromogermane Trichlorogermane Trichlorofluorogermane Germanium(II) bromide Germanium(II) chloride
Ga2Te3 Ge GeH4 Ge2H6 Ge3H8 Ge4H10 Ge5H12 GeH3Br GeH3Cl GeF3Cl GeH2Br2 GeH2Cl2 GeF2Cl2 Ge(CH3)2Cl2 GeH3F GeH3I GeH3CH3 GeHBr3 GeHCl3 GeCl3F GeBr2 GeCl2
12024-27-0 7440-56-4 7782-65-2 13818-89-8 14691-44-2 14691-47-5 15587-39-0 13569-43-2 13637-65-5 14188-40-0 13769-36-3 15230-48-5 24422-21-7 1529-48-2 13537-30-9 13573-02-9 1449-65-6 14779-70-5 1184-65-2 24422-20-6 24415-00-7 10060-11-4
522.25 72.64 76.67 151.33 225.98 300.64 375.30 155.57 111.12 165.09 234.46 145.56 181.54 173.62 94.66 202.57 90.70 313.36 180.01 198.00 232.45 143.55
1152 1153 1154 1155
Germanium(II) fluoride Germanium(II) iodide Germanium(II) oxide Germanium(II) selenide
GeF2 GeI2 GeO GeSe
13940-63-1 13573-08-5 20619-16-3 12065-10-0
110.64 326.45 88.64 151.60
1156 1157 1158 1159
Germanium(II) sulfide Germanium(II) telluride Germanium(IV) bromide Germanium(IV) chloride
GeS GeTe GeBr4 GeCl4
12025-32-0 12025-39-7 13450-92-5 10038-98-9
104.71 200.24 392.26 214.45
cub cry gray-wh cub cry col gas; flam col liq; flam col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq gas col liq col liq col gas liq col gas liq col gas col liq liq liq yel monocl cry wh-yel hyg powder wh orth cry; hyg oran-yel hex cry blk solid gray orth cry or brn powder gray orth cry cub cry wh cry col liq
1160 1161 1162
Germanium(IV) fluoride Germanium(IV) iodide Germanium(IV) nitride
GeF4 GeI4 Ge3N4
7783-58-6 13450-95-8 12065-36-0
148.63 580.26 273.95
col gas red-oran cub cry orth cry
-15 tp 146 900 dec
1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168
Germanium(IV) oxide Germanium(IV) selenide Germanium(IV) sulfide Gold Bromoauric(III) acid pentahydrate Chloroauric(III) acid tetrahydrate
GeO2 GeSe2 GeS2 Au HAuBr4 ∙ 5H2O HAuCl4 ∙ 4H2O
1310-53-8 12065-11-1 12025-34-2 7440-57-5 17083-68-0 16903-35-8
104.64 230.56 136.77 196.967 607.667 411.848
1116 707 dec 530 1064.18 27
1169 1170 1171
Gold(I) bromide Gold(I) chloride Gold(I) cyanide
AuBr AuCl AuCN
10294-27-6 10294-29-8 506-65-0
276.871 232.420 222.985
wh hex cry yel-oran orth cry blk orth cry soft yel metal red-brn hyg cry yel monocl cry; hyg yel-gray tetr cry yel orth cry yel hex cry
165 dec 289 dec dec
8.20 7.6 7.2
1172
Gold(I) iodide
AuI
10294-31-2
323.871
120 dec
8.25
1173
Gold(I) sulfide
Au2S
1303-60-2
425.998
240 dec
≈11
1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189
Gold(III) bromide Gold(III) chloride Gold(III) cyanide trihydrate Gold(III) fluoride Gold(III) hydroxide Gold(III) iodide Gold(III) oxide Gold(III) selenate Gold(III) selenide Gold(III) sulfide Hafnium Hafnium boride Hafnium carbide Hafnium hydride Hafnium nitride Hafnium phosphide
AuBr3 AuCl3 Au(CN)3 ∙ 3H2O AuF3 Au(OH)3 AuI3 Au2O3 Au2(SeO4)3 Au2Se3 Au2S3 Hf HfB2 HfC HfH2 HfN HfP
10294-28-7 13453-07-1 535-37-5* 14720-21-9 1303-52-2 31032-13-0 1303-58-8 10294-32-3 1303-62-4 1303-61-3 7440-58-6 12007-23-7 12069-85-1 12770-26-2 25817-87-2 12325-59-6
436.679 303.326 329.065 253.962 247.989 577.680 441.931 822.81 630.81 490.128 178.49 200.11 190.50 180.51 192.50 209.46
yel-grn powder; tetr brn-blk cub cry; unstab red-br monocl cry red monocl cry wh hyg cry oran-yel hex cry brn powder unstab grn powder brn powder yel cry blk amorp solid unstab blk powder gray metal; hex gray hex cry refrac cub cry refrac tetr cry yel-brn cub cry hex cry
Physical form mp/°C 790 938.25 -165 -109 -105.6
-32 -52 -66.2 -15 -68 -51.8 -22
bp/°C 2833 -88.1 29 110.5 176.9 234 52 28 -20.3 89 69.5 -2.8 124
-15 -158 -25 -71 -49.8 122 dec
≈90 -23 dec 75.3 37.5 150 dec
110 428 700 dec 675
130 dec 550 dec
658 724 26.1 -51.50
Density g cm–3 5.57 5.3234 3.133 g/L 1.98-109 2.20-105
Solubility g/100 g H20
i H2O, dil acid, alk i H2O i H2O i H2O i H2O reac H2O reac H2O
2.34 1.75 6.747 g/L 2.80 1.90 7.419 g/L 1.49 3.868 g/L
reac H2O reac H2O
reac H2O reac H2O
3.706 g/L
reac H2O reac H2O
1.93
reac H2O reac H2O; s eth, bz 3.64 5.4
reac H2O reac H2O
5.6
186.35 86.55
4.1 6.16 3.132 1.88
-36.5 sp 348
6.074 g/L 4.322
2856
4.25 4.56 3.01 19.3
i H2O; s conc HNO3 reac H2O reac H2O; s bz, eth, EtOH, ctc reac H2O reac H2O i H2O, acid, aqua regia i H2O
s aqua regia s H2O, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH; s eth
≈3.9
≈160 dec >160 dec 50 dec >300 ≈100 dec 20 dec ≈150 dec dec 200 dec 2233 3100 ≈3000 3310
Qualitative solubility
4.7
0.00003120
i H2O i H2O, EtOH, eth, dil acid i H2O; s CN soln
6820
i H2O, acid; s aqua regia s H2O, EtOH vs H2O; sl EtOH
subl
6.75 i H2O; s acid
4.65 4603
13.3 10.5 12.2 11.4 13.8 9.78
i H2O; s acid i H2O; s acid s aqua regia s HF
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-66 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
1190 1191
Hafnium silicide Hafnocene dichloride
HfSi2 Hf(C5H5)2Cl2
12401-56-8 12116-66-4
234.66 379.58
gray orth cry col hyg cry
≈1700 235
1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202
HfBr2 HfCl2 HfBr3 HfCl3 HfI3 HfBr4 HfCl4 HfF4 HfI4 HfO2 HfOCl2 ∙ 8H2O
13782-95-1 13782-92-8 13782-96-2 13782-93-9 13779-73-2 13777-22-5 13499-05-3 13709-52-9 13777-23-6 12055-23-1 14456-34-9
338.30 249.40 418.20 284.85 559.20 498.11 320.30 254.48 686.11 210.49 409.52
blue-blk cry blk solid blue-blk cry blk solid blk cry wh cub cry wh monocl cry wh monocl cry yel-oran cub cry wh cub cry wh tetr cry
dec 400 dec 400 dec 350 dec dec 424 tp 432 tp 1025 449 tp 2800 dec
1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212
Hafnium(II) bromide Hafnium(II) chloride Hafnium(III) bromide Hafnium(III) chloride Hafnium(III) iodide Hafnium(IV) bromide Hafnium(IV) chloride Hafnium(IV) fluoride Hafnium(IV) iodide Hafnium(IV) oxide Hafnium(IV) oxychloride octahydrate Hafnium(IV) selenide Hafnium(IV) silicate Hafnium(IV) sulfate Hafnium(IV) sulfide Hafnium(IV) titanate Helium Holmium Holmium acetate Holmium bromide Holmium chloride
HfSe2 HfSiO4 Hf(SO4)2 HfS2 HfTiO4 He Ho Ho(C2H3O2)3 HoBr3 HoCl3
12162-21-9 13870-13-8 15823-43-5 18855-94-2 12055-24-2 7440-59-7 7440-60-0 25519-09-9 13825-76-8 10138-62-2
336.41 270.57 370.62 242.62 290.36 4.003 164.930 342.062 404.642 271.289
1213 1214
Holmium chloride hexahydrate Holmium fluoride
HoCl3 ∙ 6H2O HoF3
14914-84-2 13760-78-6
379.381 221.925
1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221
Holmium iodide Holmium nitrate pentahydrate Holmium nitride Holmium oxalate decahydrate Holmium oxide Holmium silicide Holmium sulfide
HoI3 Ho(NO3)3 ∙ 5H2O HoN Ho2(C2O4)2 ∙ 10H2O Ho2O3 HoSi2 Ho2S3
13813-41-7 14483-18-2 12029-81-1 28965-57-3 12055-62-8 12136-24-2 12162-59-3
545.643 441.022 178.937 774.070 377.859 221.101 426.056
1222
Hydrazine
N2H4
302-01-2
32.045
brn hex cry tetr cry wh cry purp-brn hex cry wh pow col gas silv metal; hex yel cry yel hyg cry yel monocl cry; hyg hyg yel cry pink-yel orth cry; hyg yel hex cry hyg oran cry cub cry yel solid yel cub cry hex cry yel-oran monocl cry col oily liq
1223 1224 1225
Hydrazine acetate Hydrazine azide Hydrazine monohydrate
N2H4 ∙ CH3COOH N2H4 ∙ HN3 N2H4 ∙ H2O
13255-48-6 14662-04-5 7803-57-8
92.097 75.074 50.060
1226
Hydrazine hydrobromide
N2H4 ∙ HBr
13775-80-9
112.957
1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232
Hydrazine hydrochloride Hydrazine dihydrochloride Hydrazine hydroiodide Hydrazine nitrate Hydrazine dinitrate Hydrazine perchlorate hemihydrate
N2H4 ∙ HCl N2H4 ∙ 2HCl N2H4 ∙ HI N2H4 ∙ HNO3 N2H4 ∙ 2HNO3 N2H4 ∙ HClO4 ∙ 0.5H2O
2644-70-4 5341-61-7 10039-55-1 13464-97-6 13464-98-7 13762-65-7
68.506 104.967 159.957 95.058 158.071
1233 1234 1235 1236
Hydrazine sulfate Dihydrazine sulfate Hydrazoic acid Hydroxylamine
N2H4 ∙ H2SO4 (N2H4)2 ∙ H2SO4 HN3 H2NOH
10034-93-2 13464-80-7 7782-79-8 7803-49-8
130.124 162.169 43.028 33.030
1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 1244 1245 1246 1247 1248
Hydroxylamine hydrobromide Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Hydroxylamine perchlorate Hydroxylamine sulfate Hydrogen Hydrogen-d2 Hydrogen-t2 Hydrogen-d1 Hydrogen-t1 Hydrogen-d1,t1 Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen bromide-d
H2NOH ∙ HBr H2NOH ∙ HCl H2NOH ∙ HClO4 2(H2NOH) ∙ H2SO4 H2 D2 T2 HD HT DT HBr DBr
41591-55-3 5470-11-1
113.942 69.491 133.489 164.138 2.016 4.028 6.032 3.022 4.024 5.030 80.912 81.918
10039-54-0 1333-74-0 7782-39-0 10028-17-8 13983-20-5 14885-60-0 14885-61-1 10035-10-6 13536-59-9
bp/°C
Density g cm–3 7.6
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility s bz, chl; sl thf, eth; i hex
323 sp 317 sp 970 sp 394 sp ≈5400
4.90
reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O i H2O s H2O
7.1 5.6 9.68
7.46 7.0
2758 >500 dec
6.03 1980 dec 1472 dec 327 919 720
-268.93 2700
0.164 g/L 8.80
1470 1500
sl H2O; i EtOH s dil acid s H2O
3.7
s H2O
160 dec 1143
>2200
7.664
s H2O s H2O
994
5.4 s H2O, EtOH, ace 10.6
dec 40 2330
3900
8.41 7.1 5.92
s acid
1.54
113.55
1.0036
vs H2O, EtOH, MeOH
cry hyg wh prism fuming liq
100 75 exp -51.7
119
1.030
wh monocl cry flakes wh orth cry wh orth cry hyg cry monocl cry; exp needles solid
84
≈190 dec
2.3
89 198 dec 125 70 104 dec 137
240 dec
1.5 1.42
exp
1.94
254 104 -80 33.1
dec >180 35.7 58
col orth cry hyg wh cry flakes col liq; exp wh orth flakes or needles monocl cry col monocl cry orth cry cry col gas; flam col gas col gas col gas col gas col gas col gas col gas
159 dec 88 170 -259.198 tp -254.42 -252.53 -256.55 -254.7 -253.5 -86.80 -87.54
vs H2O vs H2O, EtOH; i chl, eth s H2O, EtOH
2035
1.378
exp dec 120 -252.762 -249.48 -248.11 -251.02 -249.6 -238.9 -66.38 -66.9
20025 1.21 2.35 1.68
0.082 g/L 0.164 g/L 0.246 g/L 0.123 g/L
3.307 g/L
9425
s H2O; i os s H2O; sl EtOH s H2O vs H2O s H2O reac H2O, s EtOH; i eth, bz sl H2O; i EtOH vs H2O; i os s H2O vs H2O, MeOH s H2O vs H2O vs H2O sl H2O
vs H2O; s EtOH s H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-67
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1249 1250 1251 1252
Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen chloride dihydrate Hydrogen chloride-d Hydrogen cyanide
HCl HCl ∙ 2H2O DCl HCN
7647-01-0 13465-05-9 7698-05-7 74-90-8
36.461 72.492 37.467 27.026
col gas col liq col gas col liq or gas
-114.17 -17.7 -114.72 -13.29
-85 -84.4 26
0.687620
1253
Hydrogen fluoride
HF
7664-39-3
20.006
col gas
-83.36
20
0.818 g/L
1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1259 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 1267 1268 1269 1270 1271 1272
Hydrogen iodide Hydrogen iodide-d Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen selenide Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen disulfide Hydrogen telluride Indium Indium antimonide Indium arsenide Indium nitride Indium phosphide Indium(I) bromide Indium(I) chloride Indium(I) iodide Indium(II) bromide Indium(II) chloride Indium(II) sulfide Indium(III) bromide
HI DI H2O2 H2Se H2S H2S2 H2Te In InSb InAs InN InP InBr InCl InI InBr2 InCl2 InS InBr3
10034-85-2 14104-45-1 7722-84-1 7783-07-5 7783-06-4 13465-07-1 7783-09-7 7440-74-6 1312-41-0 1303-11-3 25617-98-5 22398-80-7 14280-53-6 13465-10-6 13966-94-4 21264-43-7 13465-11-7 12030-14-7 13465-09-3
127.912 128.918 34.015 80.98 34.081 66.146 129.62 114.818 236.578 189.740 128.825 145.792 194.722 150.271 241.722 274.626 185.724 146.883 354.530
-50.76 -51.93 -0.43 -65.73 -85.5
-35.55 -36.2 150.2 -41.25 -59.55 70.7 -2 2072
5.228 g/L
1273
Indium(III) chloride
InCl3
10025-82-8
221.177
1274 1275 1276 1277 1278
Indium(III) chloride tetrahydrate Indium(III) fluoride Indium(III) fluoride trihydrate Indium(III) hydroxide Indium(III) iodide
InCl3 ∙ 4H2O InF3 InF3 ∙ 3H2O In(OH)3 InI3
22519-64-8 7783-52-0 14166-78-0 20661-21-6 13510-35-5
293.239 171.813 225.859 165.840 495.531
1279 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287
Indium(III) nitrate trihydrate Indium(III) oxide Indium(III) perchlorate octahydrate Indium(III) phosphate Indium(III) selenide Indium(III) sulfate Indium(III) sulfide Indium(III) telluride Iodine
In(NO3)3 ∙ 3H2O In2O3 In(ClO4)3 ∙ 8H2O InPO4 In2Se3 In2(SO4)3 In2S3 In2Te3 I2
13770-61-1 1312-43-2 13465-15-1 14693-82-4 1312-42-1 13464-82-9 12030-24-9 1312-45-4 7553-56-2
354.879 277.634 557.292 209.789 466.52 517.824 325.831 612.44 253.809
col or yel gas col gas col liq col gas; flam col gas; flam col liq col gas soft wh metal blk cub cry gray cub cry brn hex cry blk cub cry oran-red orth cry yel cub cry orth cry orth cry col orth cry red-brn orth cry hyg yel-wh monocl cry yel monocl cry; hyg wh cry wh hex cry; hyg wh cry cub cry yel-red monocl cry; hyg col cry yel cub cry wh cry wh orth cry blk hex cry hyg wh powder oran cub cry blk cub cry blue-blk plates
1288 1289 1290 1291 1292 1293 1294 1295 1296
Iodic acid Periodic acid dihydrate Iodine tetroxide Iodine pentoxide Iodine hexoxide Iodine nonaoxide Iodine bromide Iodine chloride Iodine trichloride
HIO3 HIO4 ∙ 2H2O I2O4 I2O5 I2O6 I4O9 IBr ICl ICl3
7782-68-5 10450-60-9 12399-08-5 12029-98-0 65355-99-9 73560-00-6 7789-33-5 7790-99-0 865-44-1
175.910 227.940 317.807 333.806 349.805 651.613 206.808 162.357 233.263
col orth cry monocl hyg cry yel cry hyg wh cry yel solid hyg yel powder blk orth cry red cry or oily liq yel tricl cry; hyg
1297 1298
Iodine fluoride Iodine trifluoride
IF IF3
13873-84-2 22520-96-3
145.902 183.899
1299 1300 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307
Iodine pentafluoride Iodine heptafluoride Iodosyl trifluoride Iodosyl pentafluoride Iodyl trifluoride Periodyl fluoride Iridium Iridium carbonyl Iridium(III) bromide
IF5 IF7 IOF3 IOF5 IO2F3 IO3F Ir Ir4(CO)12 IrBr3
7783-66-6 16921-96-3 19058-78-7 16056-61-4 25402-50-0 30708-86-2 7439-88-5 11065-24-0 10049-24-8
221.896 259.893 199.898 237.895 215.898 193.900 192.217 1104.989 431.929
wh pow (-78¯C) yel solid, stable at low temp yel liq col gas hyg col needles col liq yel solid col cry silv-wh metal; cub yel cry red-brn monocl cry
1.490 g/L 1.46
Solubility g/100 g H20
235 692 420
41420
583
4.0
195.122
1172 100 dec
656 608 712
>1200
dec 100 1912 ≈80
110 dec 122 dec 130 ≈300 dec dec 150 75 dec 40 27.38 101 tp (16 atm) -14 dec -28 dec 9.43 6.5 tp dec >110 4.5 41 dec >100 2446 210 dec
i acid sl acid reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
184.4
dec >85
s EtOH s H2O sl H2O; s dil acid s H2O
130822
7.18
i H2O; s hot acid
4.9 5.8 3.44 4.45 5.75 4.933
i H2O
200 dec
660 1050 667 113.7
s H2O, EtOH, alk s acid
4.39 4.4 4.69
207
vs H2O s H2O vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs H2O, EtOH; sl eth vs H2O; s os s H2O vs H2O s H2O s H2O
1.44 3.310 g/L 1.393 g/L 1.334 5.298 g/L 7.31 5.7747 5.67 6.88 4.81 4.96 4.19 5.32 4.22 3.64 5.2 4.74
-49 156.60 524 942 1100 1062 285 225 364.4
Qualitative solubility
11720
0.0320
4.63
30825
4.2 4.98
253.420
s bz, EtOH, eth, ctc, chl i EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH; sl eth sl H2O i EtOH, eth, CS2 reac H2O
116 dec 94.4 dec 64 sp dec
4.3 3.24 3.2
s H2O, EtOH, eth reac H2O; s EtOH reac H2O; s EtOH, bz
100.5 4.8 sp
3.19 10.62 g/L
reac H2O s H2O reac H2O
22.56220
s aqua regia
6.82
i H2O, acid, alk
subl 4428
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-68 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1308 1309 1310 1311
Iridium(III) bromide tetrahydrate Iridium(III) chloride Iridium(III) fluoride Iridium(III) iodide
IrBr3 ∙ 4H2O IrCl3 IrF3 IrI3
10049-24-8* 10025-83-9 23370-59-4 7790-41-2
503.991 298.576 249.212 572.930
1312 1313
Iridium(III) oxide Iridium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate
Ir2O3 Ir(CH3COCHCOCH3)3
1312-46-5 15635-87-7
432.432 489.541
1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319
Iridium(III) sulfide Iridium(IV) chloride Iridium(IV) oxide Iridium(IV) sulfide Iridium(VI) fluoride Iron
Ir2S3 IrCl4 IrO2 IrS2 IrF6 Fe
12136-42-4 10025-97-5 12030-49-8 12030-51-2 7783-75-7 7439-89-6
480.629 334.029 224.216 256.347 306.207 55.845
1320
Ferrocene
Fe(C5H5)2
102-54-5
186.031
1321
Tetracarbonyldihydroiron
Fe(CO)4H2
12002-28-7
169.902
1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340
Iron pentacarbonyl Iron nonacarbonyl Iron dodecacarbonyl Iron arsenide Iron boride (FeB) Iron boride (Fe2B) Iron carbide Iron phosphide (FeP) Iron phosphide (Fe2P) Iron phosphide (Fe3P) Iron disulfide Iron silicide Iron disilicide Iron(II) acetate Iron(II) acetate tetrahydrate Iron(II) aluminate Iron(II) arsenate Iron(II) arsenate hexahydrate Iron(II) bromide
Fe(CO)5 Fe2(CO)9 Fe3(CO)12 FeAs FeB Fe2B Fe3C FeP Fe2P Fe3P FeS2 FeSi FeSi2 Fe(C2H3O2)2 Fe(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 4H2O Fe(AlO2)2 Fe3(AsO4)2 Fe3(AsO4)2 ∙ 6H2O FeBr2
13463-40-6 15321-51-4 12088-65-2 12044-16-5 12006-84-7 12006-86-9 12011-67-5 26508-33-8 1310-43-6 12023-53-9 1317-66-4 12022-95-6 12022-99-0 3094-87-9 3094-87-9* 12068-49-4 10102-50-8 10102-50-8* 7789-46-0
195.896 363.781 503.656 130.767 66.656 122.501 179.546 86.819 142.664 198.509 119.975 83.931 112.016 173.934 245.994 173.806 445.373 553.465 215.653
1341 1342 1343 1344
Iron(II) bromide hexahydrate Iron(II) carbonate Iron(II) chloride Iron(II) chloride dihydrate
FeBr2 ∙ 6H2O FeCO3 FeCl2 FeCl2 ∙ 2H2O
13463-12-2 563-71-3 7758-94-3 16399-77-2
323.744 115.854 126.751 162.782
1345 1346 1347
Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate Iron(II) chromite Iron(II) fluoride
FeCl2 ∙ 4H2O FeCr2O4 FeF2
13478-10-9 1308-31-2 7789-28-8
198.813 223.835 93.842
1348 1349 1350
Iron(II) fluoride tetrahydrate Iron(II) hydroxide Iron(II) iodide
FeF2 ∙ 4H2O Fe(OH)2 FeI2
13940-89-1 18624-44-7 7783-86-0
165.904 89.860 309.654
1351 1352
Iron(II) iodide tetrahydrate Iron(II) molybdate
FeI2 ∙ 4H2O FeMoO4
7783-86-0* 13718-70-2
381.716 215.78
1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359
Iron(II) nitrate Iron(II) nitrate hexahydrate Iron(II) orthosilicate Iron(II) oxalate dihydrate Iron(II) oxide Iron(II) 2,4-pentanedioate Iron(II) perchlorate
Fe(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O Fe2SiO4 FeC2O4 ∙ 2H2O FeO Fe(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 Fe(ClO4)2
14013-86-6 14013-86-6* 10179-73-4 6047-25-2 1345-25-1 14024-17-0 13933-23-8
179.854 287.946 203.774 179.894 71.844 254.061 254.746
1360
Iron(II) phosphate octahydrate
Fe3(PO4)2 ∙ 8H2O
14940-41-1
501.600
1361 1362 1363
Iron(II) selenide Iron(II) sulfate Iron(II) sulfate monohydrate
FeSe FeSO4 FeSO4 ∙ H2O
1310-32-3 7720-78-7 17375-41-6
134.81 151.908 169.923
Physical form mp/°C grn-brn cry brn monocl cry blk hex cry dark brn monocl cry blue-blk cry oran-yel cry orth cry brn hyg solid brn tetr cry orth cry yel cub cry; hyg silv-wh or gray met oran needles col liq, stab low temp yel oily liq; flam oran-yel cry dark grn cry gray orth cry refrac solid; orth refrac solid; tetr gray cub cry rhom cry gray hex needles gray solid blk cub cry gray cub cry gray tetr cry wh cry grn cry blk cub cry grn powder grn amorp powder yel-brn hex cry; hyg grn hyg cry gray-brn hex cry wh hex cry; hyg wh-grn monocl cry grn monocl cry blk cub cry wh tetr cry col hex cry wh-grn hex cry red-viol hex cry; hyg blk hyg leaflets brn-yel monocl cry grn solid grn solid brn orth cry yel cry blk cub cry oran-brn cry grn-wh hyg needles gray-blue monocl cry; hyg blk hex cry wh orth cry; hyg wh-yel monocl cry
bp/°C
763 dec 250 dec
1000 dec 270
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
5.30 ≈8.0 ≈7.4
subl
Qualitative solubility s H2O; i EtOH i H2O, acid, alk i H2O, dil acid i H2O, acid, bz, chl; s alk i H2O; sl hot HCl sl H2O; s tol, chl, ace, MeOH
10.2 ≈700 dec 1100 dec 44 1538
53.6 2861
172.5
249
-70
dec -20
-20.5 100 dec 140 1030 1658 1389 1227
103
1370 1100 >600 dec 1410 1220 190 dec dec
s H2O, EtOH
11.7 9.3 4.8 7.87
reac H2O s dil acid i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz, dil HNO3 s alk
1.46 2.85 2.00 7.85 ≈7 7.3 7.694 6.07 6.8 6.74 5.02 6.1 4.74
i H2O; s eth, bz, ace
i H2O, dil acid, alk i H2O i H2O
s H2O s H2O, EtOH 4.3
dec 691
dec
i H2O i H2O; s acid vs EtOH
4.636
12025
4.64 3.944 3.16 2.39
12025 0.00006220 65.025 65.025
s EtOH
65.025
s EtOH
1100
1.93 5.0 4.09
594
2.20 3.4 5.3
90 dec 1115
2.87 5.6
27 dec 677 120 dec
1023
105 dec
sl H2O; s dil HF; i EtOH, eth 0.00005220 s H2O, EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH i H2O 87.525 87.525
60 dec 150 dec 1377 170 >100 dec
4.30 2.28 6.0
0.07825
subl
s acid i H2O, alk; s acid sl bz, tol
21025 2.58
300 dec
vs EtOH, ace; sl bz
6.7 3.65 3.0
i H2O; s acid
29.525 29.525
i H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-69
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1364
Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate
FeSO4 ∙ 7H2O
7782-63-0
278.014
1365
Iron(II) sulfide
FeS
1317-37-9
87.910
1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372
Iron(II) tantalate Iron(II) tartrate Iron(II) telluride Iron(II) thiocyanate trihydrate Iron(II) titanate Iron(II) tungstate Iron(II,III) oxide
Fe(TaO3)2 FeC4H4O6 FeTe Fe(SCN)2 ∙ 3H2O FeTiO3 FeWO4 Fe3O4
12140-41-9 12125-63-2 6010-09-9 12168-52-4 13870-24-1 1317-61-9
513.737 203.916 183.45 226.055 151.710 303.68 231.533
1373
Iron(III) acetate, basic
FeOH(C2H3O2)2
10450-55-2
190.941
1374
Iron(III) ammonium citrate
Fe(NH4)3(C6H5O7)2
1185-57-5
488.160
1375 1376
Iron(III) arsenate dihydrate Iron(III) bromide
FeAsO4 ∙ 2H2O FeBr3
10102-49-5 10031-26-2
230.795 295.557
1377 1378
Iron(III) chloride Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate
FeCl3 FeCl3 ∙ 6H2O
7705-08-0 10025-77-1
162.204 270.295
1379 1380 1381 1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394 1395 1396 1397
Fe2(CrO4)3 FeC6H5O7 ∙ 5H2O Fe2(Cr2O7)3 Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 FeF3 FeF3 ∙ 3H2O Fe(CHO2)3 Fe(OH)3 FeO(OH) Fe(VO3)3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Fe(NO3)3 ∙ 9H2O Fe2(C2O4)3 Fe2O3 Fe(CH3COCHCOCH3)3 Fe(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O FePO4 ∙ 2H2O Fe4(P2O7)3 ∙ 9H2O
10294-52-7 3522-50-7 10294-53-8 14038-43-8 7783-50-8 15469-38-2 555-76-0 1309-33-7 20344-49-4 65842-03-7 10421-48-4 13476-08-9 7782-61-8 19469-07-9 1309-37-1 14024-18-1 32963-81-8 10045-86-0 10058-44-3
459.671 335.021 759.654 859.229 112.840 166.886 190.897 106.867 88.852 352.665 241.860 349.951 403.997 375.747 159.688 353.169 462.288 186.847 907.348
1398 1399 1400
Iron(III) chromate Iron(III) citrate pentahydrate Iron(III) dichromate Iron(III) ferrocyanide Iron(III) fluoride Iron(III) fluoride trihydrate Iron(III) formate Iron(III) hydroxide Iron(III) hydroxide oxide Iron(III) metavanadate Iron(III) nitrate Iron(III) nitrate hexahydrate Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate Iron(III) oxalate Iron(III) oxide Iron(III) 2,4-pentanedioate Iron(III) perchlorate hexahydrate Iron(III) phosphate dihydrate Iron(III) pyrophosphate nonahydrate Iron(III) hypophosphite Iron(III) sodium pyrophosphate Iron(III) sulfate
Fe(H2PO2)3 FeNaP2O7 Fe2(SO4)3
7783-84-8 10045-87-1 10028-22-5
250.811 252.778 399.878
1401 1402
Iron(III) sulfate nonahydrate Iron(III) thiocyanate
Fe2(SO4)3 ∙ 9H2O Fe(SCN)3
13520-56-4 4119-52-2
562.015 230.092
wh-gray powder wh powder gray-wh rhomb cry; hyg yel hex cry red-viol hyg cry
1403
Krypton
Kr
7439-90-9
83.798
col gas
1404 1405
Krypton difluoride Krypton fluoride hexafluoroantimonate Lanthanum Lanthanum aluminum oxide Lanthanum boride Lanthanum bromate nonahydrate Lanthanum bromide Lanthanum carbide Lanthanum carbonate octahydrate Lanthanum chloride Lanthanum chloride heptahydrate Lanthanum fluoride Lanthanum hydride Lanthanum hydroxide Lanthanum iodate Lanthanum iodide Lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate
KrF2 KrFSb2F11
13773-81-4 39578-36-4
121.795 555.299
col tetr cry wh solid
La LaAlO3 LaB6 LaBrO3 ∙ 9H2O LaBr3 LaC2 La2(CO3)3 ∙ 8H2O LaCl3 LaCl3 ∙ 7H2O LaF3 LaH3 La(OH)3 La(IO3)3 LaI3 La(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O
7439-91-0 12003-65-5 12008-21-8
138.905 213.885 203.771 684.749 378.617 162.926 601.960 245.264 371.371 195.900 141.929 189.927 663.614 519.619 433.011
silv metal; hex wh rhom cry blk cub cry; refrac hex cry wh hex cry; hyg tetr cry wh cry powder wh hex cry; hyg wh tricl cry; hyg wh hex cry; hyg blk cub cry wh amorp solid col cry wh orth cry; hyg wh hyg tricl cry
1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420
13536-79-3 12071-15-7 6487-39-4 10099-58-8 20211-76-1 13709-38-1 13864-01-2 14507-19-8 13870-19-4 13813-22-4 10277-43-7
Physical form mp/°C blue-grn monocl cry col hex or tetr cry; hyg brn tetr cry wh cry tetr cry grn monocl cry blk rhomb cry monocl cry blk cub cry or amorp powder brn-red amorp powder red or brn pow; hyg grn-brn powder dark red hex cry; hyg grn hex cry; hyg yel-oran monocl cry; hyg yel powder red-brn cry red-brn solid dark blue powder grn hex cry yel-brn tetr cry red-yel cry powder yel monocl cry red-brn orth cry gray-brn powder cry viol cub cry viol-gray hyg cry yel amorp powder red-brn hex cry red-oran cry viol cry gray-wh orth cry yel powder
bp/°C
≈60 dec 1188
Density g cm–3 1.895
dec
Solubility g/100 g H20 29.525
Qualitative solubility i EtOH i H2O; reac acid
4.7 7.33 0.88
914
6.8
≈1470
4.72 7.51 5.17
vs acid; s NH4OH s H2O, EtOH, eth
1597
i H2O; s acid i H2O; s EtOH, acid s H2O; i EtOH
dec dec 307.6 37 dec
≈316
3.18 4.5
45525
i H2O; s dil acid s EtOH, eth
2.90 1.82
91.225 91.225
s EtOH, eth, ace s EtOH, eth, ace
1.80 3.87 2.3
>1000
5.9225 5.9225
s H2O; sl EtOH
3.12 4.26
35 dec 47 dec 100 dec 1539 179
1.68
82.520 82.520 82.520
5.25 5.24 2.87
400 dec dec -157.38 tp (73.2 kPa) ≈25 dec dec 45
-153.34
920 trans cub 500 2715 dec 100 788 2360
3464
858 91 dec 1493
i H2O; s acid i H2O, EtOH; s acid
vs EtOH, ace s H2O, acid; i alk i H2O; s acid sl H2O; s os i H2O; s HCl i H2O; s acid
1.5 3.10
44020
2.1
44020
i H2O i H2O; s HCl sl EtOH; i ace
3.425 g/L
s H2O, EtOH, ace; i tol, chl sl H2O
3.24
reac H2O
6.15
s dil acid
4.76 5.06 5.1 5.29 2.6 3.84
vs H2O s H2O i H2O; s dil acid 95.725 95.725
5.9 5.36
dec 778 ≈40 dec
i H2O, EtOH; s acid s H2O; i EtOH s H2O, acid i H2O, dil acid, os i EtOH, eth, bz
s EtOH i H2O, acid
0.00002020 1.7 5.6 20025
s H2O vs EtOH; s ace
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-70 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1421 1422 1423
LaN La2O3 La(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O
25764-10-7 1312-81-8 36907-37-6
152.912 325.809 475.021
cub cry wh amorp powder hyg col cry
3620
6.73 6.51
1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431
Lanthanum nitride Lanthanum oxide Lanthanum perchlorate hexahydrate Lanthanum silicide Lanthanum sulfate Lanthanum sulfate octahydrate Lanthanum sulfate nonahydrate Lanthanum monosulfide Lanthanum sulfide Lawrencium Lead
LaSi2 La2(SO4)3 La2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O La2(SO4)3 ∙ 9H2O LaS La2S3 Lr Pb
12056-90-5 10099-60-2 57804-25-8 10294-62-9 12031-30-0 12031-49-1 22537-19-5 7439-92-1
195.076 565.999 702.058 728.136 170.970 374.006 262 207.2
1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439
Plumbane Lead(II) acetate Lead(II) acetate trihydrate Lead(II) acetate, basic Lead(II) antimonate Lead(II) arsenate Lead(II) arsenite Lead(II) azide
PbH4 Pb(C2H3O2)2 Pb(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 3H2O Pb(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 2Pb(OH)2 Pb3(SbO4)2 Pb3(AsO4)2 Pb(AsO2)2 Pb(N3)2
15875-18-0 301-04-2 6080-56-4 1335-32-6 13510-89-9 3687-31-8 10031-13-7 13424-46-9
211.2 325.3 427.3 807.7 993.1 899.4 421.0 291.2
1440 1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447
Lead(II) borate monohydrate Lead(II) bromate monohydrate Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) butanoate Lead(II) carbonate Lead(II) carbonate, basic Lead(II) chlorate Lead(II) chloride
Pb(BO2)2 ∙ H2O Pb(BrO3)2 ∙ H2O PbBr2 Pb(C4H7O2)2 PbCO3 Pb(OH)2 ∙ 2PbCO3 Pb(ClO3)2 PbCl2
10214-39-8 10031-21-7 10031-22-8 819-73-8 598-63-0 1319-46-6 10294-47-0 7758-95-4
310.8 481.0 367.0 381.4 267.2 775.6 374.1 278.1
1448 1449 1450
Lead(II) chloride fluoride Lead(II) chlorite Lead(II) chromate
PbClF Pb(ClO2)2 PbCrO4
13847-57-9 13453-57-1 7758-97-6
261.7 342.1 323.2
1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456
Lead(II) chromate(VI) oxide Lead(II) citrate trihydrate Lead(II) cyanide Lead(II) 2-ethylhexanoate Lead(II) fluoride Lead(II) fluoroborate
PbCrO4 ∙ PbO Pb3(C6H5O7)2 ∙ 3H2O Pb(CN)2 Pb(C7H15CO2)2 PbF2 Pb(BF4)2
18454-12-1 512-26-5 592-05-2 301-08-6 7783-46-2 13814-96-5
546.4 1053.8 259.2 493.6 245.2 380.8
1457
Lead(II) formate
Pb(CHO2)2
811-54-1
297.2
1458
Pb(CF3COCHCOCF3)2
19648-88-5
621.3
1459 1460 1461 1462 1463
Lead(II) hexafluoro-2,4pentanedioate Lead(II) hydrogen arsenate Lead(II) hydrogen phosphate Lead(II) hydroxide Lead(II) iodate Lead(II) iodide
gray tetr cry hyg wh pow col cry hex cry yel cub cry red cub cry metal soft silv-gray metal; cub unstab col gas wh cry col cry wh powder oran-yel powder wh cry wh powder col orth needles; exp wh powder col cry wh orth cry col solid col orth cry wh hex cry col hyg cry wh orth needles or powder tetr cry yel monocl cry yel-oran monocl cry red powder wh cry powder wh-yel powder visc liq wh orth cry stab only in aq soln wh prisms or needles cry
PbHAsO4 PbHPO4 Pb(OH)2 Pb(IO3)2 PbI2
7784-40-9 15845-52-0 19783-14-3 25659-31-8 10101-63-0
347.1 303.2 241.2 557.0 461.0
1464 1465
Lead(II) lactate Lead(II) molybdate
Pb(C3H5O3)2 PbMoO4
18917-82-3 10190-55-3
385.3 367.1
wh monocl cry wh monocl cry wh powder wh orth cry yel hex cry or powder wh cry powder yel tetr cry
1466 1467 1468
Lead(II) niobate Lead(II) nitrate Lead(II) oleate
Pb(NbO3)2 Pb(NO3)2 Pb(C18H33O2)2
12034-88-7 10099-74-8 1120-46-3
489.0 331.2 770.1
1469 1470
Lead(II) oxalate Lead(II) oxide (litharge)
PbC2O4 PbO
814-93-7 1317-36-8
1471
Lead(II) oxide (massicot)
PbO
1472 1473 1474 1475
Lead(II) oxide hydrate Lead(II) 2,4-pentanedioate Lead(II) perchlorate Lead(II) perchlorate trihydrate
3PbO ∙ H2O Pb(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 Pb(ClO4)2 Pb(ClO4)2 ∙ 3H2O
2304 dec 100 1520 1150 dec 2300 2110 1627 327.462
280 75 dec dec
2.82 2.82 5.61 4.9 1749 -13 dec
i H2O; s dil acid vs H2O; s EtOH
2.720
11.3
3.25 2.55
sl H2O sl H2O i EtOH
s conc acid
44.320 vs H2O; sl EtOH 6.30
6.58 5.8 5.85 4.7
0.02318
892
5.6 5.53 6.69
1.3320 0.97525
951
6.582 ≈6.5 3.9 5.98
14418 1.0825
i EtOH i H2O; s dil HNO3 i H2O i H2O, EtOH; s acid vs EtOH s alk
0.03520 0.225 0.00001720
sl H2O; s alk s alk, dil acid
exp ≈350
7.05 dec 126 844
830
Qualitative solubility
5.0
1042 dec
500 dec ≈180 dec 371 ≈90 ≈315 dec 400 dec 230 dec 501
Solubility g/100 g H20
6.12
1293
1.56 8.44
i H2O, dil acid i H2O; s HNO3 i H2O; s dil HNO3 vs HOAc i H2O; s dil HNO3
i H2O s H2O; sl EtOH sl H2O; reac acid 0.067025 s H2O
190 dec 155
4.63
i EtOH
210
280 dec dec 145 dec 410
1.616
872 dec
5.943 5.66 5.69 6.50 6.16
≈1060
6.7
rhom or tetr cry col cub cry wax-like solid
1343 470
6.6 4.53
295.2 223.2
wh powder red tetr cry
5.28 9.35
1317-36-8
223.2
yel orth cry
300 dec trans to massicot 489 887
1311-11-1 15282-88-9 13453-62-8 13637-76-8
687.6 405.4 406.1 460.1
wh powder cry wh cry wh cry
i H2O; s HNO3, alk 0.0001220 0.002525 0.07625
59.725
0.0002520
9.64
s acid i EtOH s H2O, hot EtOH i H2O; s HNO3, NaOH i H2O sl EtOH i H2O; s EtOH, bz, eth s dil HNO3 i H2O, EtOH; s dil HNO3 i H2O, EtOH; s dil HNO3 i H2O; s dil acid
7.41 143 100 dec
2.6
44125 44125
s EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-71
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1476 1477 1478
Lead(II) phosphate Lead(II) hypophosphite Lead(II) metasilicate
Pb3(PO4)2 Pb(H2PO2)2 PbSiO3
7446-27-7 10294-58-3 10099-76-0
811.5 337.2 283.3
1479 1480
Pb2SiO4 PbSiF6 ∙ 2H2O
13566-17-1 1310-03-8
506.5 385.3
1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487
Lead(II) orthosilicate Lead(II) hexafluorosilicate dihydrate Lead(II) selenate Lead(II) selenide Lead(II) selenite Lead(II) sodium thiosulfate Lead(II) stearate Lead(II) sulfate Lead(II) sulfide
PbSeO4 PbSe PbSeO3 Na4Pb(S2O3)3 Pb(C18H35O2)2 PbSO4 PbS
7446-15-3 12069-00-0 7488-51-9 10101-94-7 1072-35-1 7446-14-2 1314-87-0
350.2 286.2 334.2 635.5 774.1 303.3 239.3
1488 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498
Lead(II) sulfite Lead(II) tantalate Lead(II) telluride Lead(II) thiocyanate Lead(II) thiosulfate Lead(II) titanate Lead(II) tungstate (stolzite) Lead(II) tungstate (raspite) Lead(II) metavanadate Lead(II) zirconate Lead(II,IV) oxide
PbSO3 Pb(TaO3)2 PbTe Pb(SCN)2 PbS2O3 PbTiO3 PbWO4 PbWO4 Pb(VO3)2 PbZrO3 Pb2O3
7446-10-8 12065-68-8 1314-91-6 592-87-0 13478-50-7 12060-00-3 7759-01-5 7759-01-5 10099-79-3 12060-01-4 1314-27-8
287.3 665.1 334.8 323.4 319.3 303.1 455.0 455.0 405.1 346.4 462.4
1499
Lead(II,II,IV) oxide
Pb3O4
1314-41-6
685.6
orth cry gray cub cry wh monocl cry wh cry wh powder orth cry blk powder or silv cub cry wh powder orth cry gray cub cry wh-yel powder wh cry yel tetr cry yel tetr cry monocl cry yel powder col orth cry blk monocl cry or red amorp powder red tetr cry
1500
Lead(IV) acetate
Pb(C2H3O2)4
546-67-8
443.4
col monocl cry
1501 1502 1503 1504
Lead(IV) bromide Lead(IV) chloride Lead(IV) fluoride Lead(IV) oxide
PbBr4 PbCl4 PbF4 PbO2
13701-91-2 13463-30-4 7783-59-7 1309-60-0
526.8 349.0 283.2 239.2
1505 1506 1507 1508
Lithium Lithium acetate Lithium acetate dihydrate Lithium aluminum hydride
Li LiC2H3O2 LiC2H3O2 ∙ 2H2O LiAlH4
7439-93-2 546-89-4 6108-17-4 16853-85-3
6.941 65.985 102.016 37.955
1509 1510 1511 1512
Lithium aluminum silicate Lithium amide Lithium arsenate Lithium azide
LiAlSi2O6 LiNH2 Li3AsO4 LiN3
12068-40-5 7782-89-0 13478-14-3 19597-69-4
186.090 22.964 159.743 48.961
1513
Lithium borohydride
LiBH4
16949-15-8
21.784
1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519
Lithium bromate Lithium bromide Lithium bromide monohydrate Lithium carbide Lithium carbonate Lithium chlorate
LiBrO3 LiBr LiBr ∙ H2O Li2C2 Li2CO3 LiClO3
13550-28-2 7550-35-8 23303-71-1 1070-75-3 554-13-2 13453-71-9
134.843 86.845 104.860 37.903 73.891 90.392
1520
Lithium chloride
LiCl
7447-41-8
42.394
1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530
Lithium chloride monohydrate Lithium chromate dihydrate Lithium citrate tetrahydrate Lithium cobaltite Lithium cyanide Lithium hydride-d Lithium dichromate dihydrate Lithium dihydrogen phosphate Lithium diisopropylamide Lithium ferrosilicon
LiCl ∙ H2O Li2CrO4 ∙ 2H2O Li3C6H5O7 ∙ 4H2O LiCoO2 LiCN LiD Li2Cr2O7 ∙ 2H2O LiH2PO4 LiN(C3H7)2 LiFeSi
16712-20-2 7789-01-7 6680-58-6 12190-79-3 2408-36-8 13587-16-1 10022-48-7 13453-80-0 4111-54-0 64082-35-5
60.409 165.906 281.983 97.873 32.959 8.955 265.901 103.928 107.123 90.872
unstab liq yel oily liq wh tetr cry; hyg red tetr cry or brn powder soft silv-wh metal cry wh rhomb cry gray-wh monocl cry wh monocl cry tetr cry col orth cry hyg monocl cry; exp wh-gray orth cry or powder hyg col orth cry wh cub cry; hyg wh orth cry wh hyg cry wh monocl cry col hyg rhom needles wh cub cry or powder; hyg hyg wh tetr cry yel orth cry; hyg wh cry dark gray pow wh orth cry hyg wh cry yel-red hyg cry col hyg cry hyg col cry dark brittle cry
Physical form mp/°C wh hex cry hyg cry powder wh monocl cry powder monocl cry col cry
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1014 dec 764
7.01
743 dec
7.60
Solubility g/100 g H20
6.49
6.37 8.1 7.0
≈100 1087 1113
1.4 6.29 7.60
0.01325
0.004425
dec
1130 trans 400
7.9 8.164 3.82 5.18 7.9 8.24 8.46
530 dec
≈8 10.05
830
8.92
≈175
2.23
924 dec
-15 ≈600 290 dec
≈50 dec
180.50 286 58 dec >125 dec
1342
0.0320 0.0320
i H2O; s HNO3 i H2O i H2O, acid i H2O; s acid i H2O; reac HCl s alk s alk i H2O; reac HNO3 i H2O, alk; s acid i H2O; s alk; reac conc HCl i H2O, EtOH; s hot HCl reac H2O, EtOH; s bz, chl
0.534 1.3 0.917
45.025 45.025
3.188 1.18 3.07 1.83 380 dec
≈1300
732 127.6
1300 dec 300 dec
3.464 3.46 1.65 2.11 1.119
610
1383
reac H2O vs EtOH s EtOH reac H2O, EtOH; s eth, thf reac H2O sl H2O; s HOAc vs H2O
0.66
260 550 trans cub 33
160 680 130 dec >100 dec
0.0520
s conc acid i H2O; s HNO3 i H2O sl H2O i H2O; s hot EtOH i acid; sl alk i H2O; s acid
6.7 9.64
1430 380
dec 98 75 dec 210 (anh)
i H2O, EtOH sl H2O; i EtOH i H2O, os
vs H2O
1078 ≈500
268
Qualitative solubility
s alk, eth, thf 65.4 18125 1454
1.3025 45925
vs H2O s EtOH, eth vs H2O reac H2O; i os s acid; i EtOH vs EtOH; sl ace
2.07
84.525
s EtOH, ace, py
1.78 2.15
45.925
vs H2O vs H2O; s EtOH vs H2O; sl EtOH i H2O
25
7525
0.82 2.34 2.461
reac H2O vs H2O 1260 s eth; i hc reac H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-72 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1531
Lithium fluoride
LiF
7789-24-4
25.939
1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538
Lithium formate monohydrate Lithium hexafluoroantimonate Lithium hexafluoroarsenate Lithium hexafluorophosphate Lithium hexafluorosilicate Lithium hexafluorostannate Lithium hydride
Li(CHO2) ∙ H2O LiSbF6 LiAsF6 LiPF6 Li2SiF6 Li2SnF6 LiH
6108-23-2 18424-17-4 29935-35-1 21324-40-3 17347-95-4 17029-16-2 7580-67-8
69.974 242.691 310.672 151.905 155.958 246.582 7.949
1539 1540 1541
Lithium hydrogen carbonate Lithium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide monohydrate
LiHCO3 LiOH LiOH ∙ H2O
5006-97-3 1310-65-2 1310-66-3
67.958 23.948 41.964
1542 1543 1544 1545 1546
Lithium hypochlorite Lithium iodate Lithium iodide Lithium iodide trihydrate Lithium manganate
LiOCl LiIO3 LiI LiI ∙ 3H2O Li2MnO3
13840-33-0 13765-03-2 10377-51-2 7790-22-9 12163-00-7
58.393 181.843 133.845 187.891 116.818
1547
Lithium metaborate
LiBO2
13453-69-5
49.751
1548 1549 1550
Lithium metaborate dihydrate Lithium metaphosphate Lithium metasilicate
LiBO2 ∙ 2H2O LiPO3 Li2SiO3
15293-74-0 13762-75-9 10102-24-6
85.782 85.913 89.966
1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561
Lithium molybdate Lithium niobate Lithium nitrate Lithium nitride Lithium nitrite Lithium nitrite monohydrate Lithium orthosilicate Lithium oxalate Lithium phosphate Lithium oxide Lithium perchlorate
Li2MoO4 LiNbO3 LiNO3 Li3N LiNO2 LiNO2 ∙ H2O LiSiO4 Li2C2O4 Li3PO4 Li2O LiClO4
13568-40-6 12031-63-9 7790-69-4 26134-62-3 13568-33-7 13568-33-7* 13453-84-4 30903-87-8 10377-52-3 12057-24-8 7791-03-9
173.82 147.845 68.946 34.830 52.947 70.962 99.025 101.901 115.794 29.881 106.392
1562
Lithium perchlorate trihydrate
LiClO4 ∙ 3H2O
13453-78-6
160.438
1563 1564 1565 1566 1567
Lithium peroxide Lithium selenate monohydrate Lithium selenite monohydrate Lithium stearate Lithium sulfate
Li2O2 Li2SeO4 ∙ H2O Li2SeO3 ∙ H2O LiC18H35O2 Li2SO4
12031-80-0 7790-71-8 15593-51-8 4485-12-5 10377-48-7
45.881 174.86 158.86 290.411 109.945
1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573
Li2SO4 ∙ H2O Li2S LiTaO3 Li2B4O7 Li2B4O7 ∙ 5H2O Li2Pt(CN)4 ∙ 5H2O
10102-25-7 12136-58-2 12031-66-2 12007-60-2 1303-94-2 14402-73-4
127.960 45.947 235.887 169.122 259.198 403.112
1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583
Lithium sulfate monohydrate Lithium sulfide Lithium tantalate Lithium tetraborate Lithium tetraborate pentahydrate Lithium tetracyanoplatinate pentahydrate Lithium tetrafluoroborate Lithium thiocyanate Lithium titanate Lithium tungstate Lithium vanadate Lithium zirconate Lutetium Lutetium boride Lutetium bromide Lutetium chloride
LiBF4 LiSCN Li2TiO3 Li2WO4 LiVO3 Li2ZrO3 Lu LuB4 LuBr3 LuCl3
14283-07-9 556-65-0 12031-82-2 13568-45-1 15060-59-0 12031-83-3 7439-94-3 12688-52-7 14456-53-2 10099-66-8
93.746 65.024 109.747 261.72 105.881 153.104 174.967 218.211 414.679 281.326
1584 1585 1586 1587 1588
Lutetium chloride hexahydrate Lutetium fluoride Lutetium iodide Lutetium iron oxide Lutetium nitrate
LuCl3 ∙ 6H2O LuF3 LuI3 Lu3Fe5O12 Lu(NO3)3
15230-79-2 13760-81-1 13813-45-1 12023-71-1 10099-67-9
389.417 231.962 555.680 996.119 360.982
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
wh cub cry or powder col-wh cry hyg pow rhom wh cry; hyg wh pow col hex cry wh pow gray cub cry or powder; hyg wh pow col tetr cry wh monocl cry or powder wh pow wh hyg hex cry wh cub cry; hyg wh hyg cry red-brn monocl cry wh monocl cry; hyg wh cry pow wh cry or gl solid wh orth needles
1673
2.640
hyg wh cry wh hex cry col hex cry; hyg red hex cry wh hyg cry col needles wh rhom cry col cry wh orth cry wh cub cry wh orth cry or powder wh hex cry wh hex cry monocl cry hyg cry cry wh monocl cry; hyg col cry wh cub cry; hyg wh pow wh tetr cry wh cry pow grn-yel cry hyg wh pow wh hyg cry wh pow wh trig pow yel pow wh solid silv metal; hex tetr cry wh hyg cry wh monocl cry; hyg col cry orth cry brn hex cry; hyg cry hyg col solid
848.2
Solubility g/100 g H20 0.13425
Qualitative solubility s acid s H2O
1.46 dec
dec 350
sl ace
692
473
reac H2O, EtOH
0.78
sl H2O sl EtOH sl EtOH
1.45 1.51
12.525 12.525
4.502 4.06 2.38 3.90
77.925 16525 16525
844
2.18
2.620
sl H2O; s EtOH
1201
1.8 1.8 2.52 2.66 4.30 2.38 1.27
44.825
s H2O i H2O i cold H2O; reac dil acid s H2O
1.615 2.39 2.12117 2.46 2.013 2.428
139.525
450 469 73
702 1240 253 813 222 >100 1256 dec 1205 1437 236
1626
1171
430 dec
95 dec
10225
0.02725 58.725
1.84
130 dec 1372 1650 917 dec 200
34.225
sl EtOH
2.920
sl H2O vs H2O; i EtOH sl H2O
subl 1400
dec 150 1182 1050
2200
s EtOH, ace, eth
2.06 1.64
3.71
3402
s H2O; i EtOH, eth
34.225
12025
1663 2600 1025 925
s EtOH reac H2O vs H2O vs H2O, EtOH
2.21
dec 1325 740
vs EtOH, ace i H2O
vs H2O, EtOH, ace; i eth s H2O; i EtOH vs H2O
2.31 2.56 ≈220 860
vs H2O i EtOH
9.84 ≈7.0
vs H2O i H2O s H2O
s dil acid
3.98
vs H2O s H2O
8.3 ≈5.6
s H2O, EtOH i H2O vs H2O s H2O, EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-73
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1589 1590
Lutetium nitride Lutetium oxide
LuN Lu2O3
12125-25-6 12032-20-1
188.974 397.932
1591 1592 1593 1594 1595 1596 1597
Lutetium perchlorate hexahydrate Lutetium sulfate Lutetium sulfate octahydrate Lutetium sulfide Lutetium telluride Magnesium Magnesium acetate
Lu(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O Lu2(SO4)3 Lu2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Lu2S3 Lu2Te3 Mg Mg(C2H3O2)2
14646-29-8 14986-89-1 13473-77-3 12163-20-1 12163-22-3 7439-95-4 142-72-3
581.410 638.122 782.244 446.129 732.73 24.305 142.394
1598 1599
Magnesium acetate monohydrate Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
Mg(C2H3O2)2 ∙ H2O Mg(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 4H2O
60582-92-5 16674-78-5
160.409 214.454
1600 1601 1602 1603
Magnesium aluminate Magnesium aluminum silicate Magnesium amide Magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate Magnesium antimonide Magnesium arsenide Magnesium diboride Magnesium hexaboride Magnesium dodecaboride Magnesium bromate hexahydrate Magnesium bromide Magnesium bromide hexahydrate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium carbonate dihydrate Magnesium carbonate trihydrate Magnesium carbonate pentahydrate Magnesium carbonate hydroxide tetrahydrate Magnesium carbonate hydroxide pentahydrate Magnesium carbonate dihydroxide trihydrate Magnesium chlorate hexahydrate Magnesium chloride
Mg(AlO2)2 Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18) Mg(NH2)2 MgNH4PO4 ∙ 6H2O
12068-51-8 1302-88-1 7803-54-5 13478-16-5
142.266 584.953 56.350 245.407
cub cry wh cub cry or powder col cry wh pow col cry gray rhomb cry orth cry silv-wh metal wh orth/monocl cry orth cry col monocl cry; hyg col cub cry blue cry wh powder; flam wh pow
Mg3Sb2 Mg3As2 MgB2 MgB6 MgB12 Mg(BrO3)2 ∙ 6H2O MgBr2 MgBr2 ∙ 6H2O MgCO3 MgCO3 ∙ 2H2O MgCO3 ∙ 3H2O MgCO3 ∙ 5H2O
12057-75-9 12044-49-4 12007-25-9 12008-22-9 12230-32-9 7789-36-8 7789-48-2 13446-53-2 546-93-0 5145-48-2 14457-83-1 61042-72-6
316.435 222.758 45.927 89.171 154.037 388.201 184.113 292.204 84.314 120.345 138.360 174.390
hex cry solid hex cry refrac solid refrac solid col cub cry wh hex cry; hyg col monocl cry wh hex cry col tricl cry col monocl cry wh monocl cry
39409-82-0 4MgCO3 ∙ Mg(OH)2 ∙ 4H2O 56378-72-4 4MgCO3 ∙ Mg(OH)2 ∙ 5H2O MgCO3 ∙ Mg(OH)2 ∙ 3H2O 12143-96-3
467.636
wh monocl cry
485.652
wh pow
dec 700
196.680
wh monocl cry
dec
Mg(ClO3)2 ∙ 6H2O MgCl2
13446-19-0 7786-30-3
299.299 95.211
≈35 dec 714
MgCl2 ∙ 6H2O MgCrO4 ∙ 7H2O MgCr2O4 Mg3(C6H5O7)2 Mg3(C6H5O7)2 ∙ 14H2O MgF2 Mg(CHO2)2 ∙ 2H2O Mg2GeO4 Mg2Ge MgH2 MgHPO4 ∙ 3H2O
7791-18-6 13423-61-5* 12053-26-8 3344-18-1 3344-18-1* 7783-40-6 6150-82-9 12025-13-7 1310-52-7 7693-27-8 7757-86-0
203.302 266.405 192.295 451.114 703.328 62.302 150.370 185.25 121.25 26.321 174.331
wh hyg cry wh hex leaflets; hyg wh hyg cry yel rhom cry deep grn cry wh cry wh cry pow wh tetr cry wh cry wh prec cub cry wh tetr cry wh powder
1604 1605 1606 1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 1616 1617 1618 1619 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 1631
Mg(OH)2 Mg(IO3)2 ∙ 4H2O MgI2 MgI2 ∙ 6H2O MgI2 ∙ 8H2O Mg(BO2)2 ∙ 8H2O
1309-42-8 7790-32-1* 10377-58-9 66778-21-0 7790-31-0 13703-82-7*
58.320 446.172 278.114 386.205 422.236 254.047
1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate Magnesium chromate heptahydrate Magnesium chromite Magnesium citrate Magnesium citrate tetradecahydrate Magnesium fluoride Magnesium formate dihydrate Magnesium germanate Magnesium germanide Magnesium hydride Magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium iodate tetrahydrate Magnesium iodide Magnesium iodide hexahydrate Magnesium iodide octahydrate Magnesium metaborate octahydrate Magnesium metasilicate Magnesium metatitanate Magnesium molybdate Magnesium nitrate Magnesium nitrate dihydrate Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate
MgSiO3 MgTiO3 MgMoO4 Mg(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 ∙ 2H2O Mg(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O
13776-74-4 12032-30-3 12013-21-7 10377-60-3 15750-45-5 13446-18-9
100.389 120.170 184.24 148.314 184.345 256.406
1644 1645
Magnesium nitride Magnesium nitrite trihydrate
Mg3N2 Mg(NO2)2 ∙ 3H2O
12057-71-5 15070-34-5
100.928 170.362
1632 1633 1634 1635 1636 1637
Physical form mp/°C 2427
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
3980
11.6 9.41
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
42.320
s H2O, MeOH vs H2O s H2O
dec 350 (anh) dec >850 1750 dec 650 323 dec
1090
80 dec 2105
6.26 7.8 1.74 1.50
65.625
1.55 1.45
65.625
s dil acid
3.55 2.6 1.39 1.71
dec dec 1245 ≈1200 800 dec 1100 dec 1300 dec 200 dec 711 165 dec 990
vs EtOH i H2O reac H2O i H2O, EtOH; s acid
3.99 3.15 2.57
i H2O i H2O
2.29 3.72 2.0 3.010 2.8 1.8 3.04
165 dec >400
9825 10225 10225 0.1820
s EtOH i EtOH; s acid i H2O, ace, NH4OH
0.1816 0.3816
2.3 i H2O; s dil acid; i EtOH 2.04
1412
≈100 dec 2390
1.80 2.325
14225 56.025
sl EtOH
1.56 1.695 4.4
56.025 54.825
s EtOH
sl H2O sl H2O; s acid 1263 dec
2227
3.148
1117 327 550 dec
3.09 1.45 2.13
wh hex cry col monocl cry wh hex cry; hyg wh monocl cry wh orth cry; hyg wh pow
350 210 dec 634
2.37 3.3 4.43 2.35 2.10
wh monocl cry col hex cry wh pow wh cub cry wh cry col monocl cry; hyg yel cub cry wh hyg prisms
≈1550 dec 1565 ≈1060
41 dec 988 (anh)
≈100 dec ≈95 dec ≈1500 dec 100 dec
3.19 3.85 2.2 ≈2.3 1.45 1.46
0.01325 s H2O; i EtOH i H2O reac H2O sl H2O; s dil acid 0.0006920 11.125 14625
s dil acid
14625
s EtOH sl H2O i H2O; sl HF
15.925 71.225 71.225 71.225
s H2O
129.925
s EtOH
s EtOH s EtOH
2.71
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-74 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653
Magnesium orthosilicate Magnesium orthotitanate Magnesium oxalate Magnesium oxalate dihydrate Magnesium oxide Magnesium perborate heptahydrate Magnesium perchlorate Magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate Magnesium permanganate hexahydrate Magnesium peroxide Magnesium phosphate pentahydrate Magnesium phosphate octahydrate Magnesium pyrophosphate Magnesium pyrophosphate trihydrate Magnesium phosphide Magnesium selenate hexahydrate Magnesium selenide Magnesium selenite hexahydrate Magnesium hexafluorosilicate hexahydrate Magnesium silicide Magnesium stannide Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate monohydrate Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Magnesium sulfide Magnesium sulfite trihydrate Magnesium sulfite hexahydrate Magnesium tetrahydrogen phosphate dihydrate Magnesium thiocyanate tetrahydrate Magnesium thiosulfate hexahydrate Magnesium trisilicate Magnesium tungstate Magnesium vanadate Magnesium zirconate Magnesium zirconium silicate Manganese Manganocene Manganese antimonide (MnSb) Manganese antimonide (Mn2Sb) Manganese boride (MnB) Manganese boride (MnB2) Manganese boride (Mn2B) Manganese carbide Manganese carbonyl Manganese pentacarbonyl bromide Manganese phosphide (MnP) Manganese phosphide (Mn2P) Manganese silicide Manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate Manganese(II) bromide Manganese(II) bromide tetrahydrate Manganese(II) carbonate Manganese(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate
Mg2SiO4 Mg2TiO4 MgC2O4 MgC2O4 ∙ 2H2O MgO Mg(BO3)2 ∙ 7H2O Mg(ClO4)2 Mg(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
26686-77-1 12032-52-9 547-66-0 6150-88-5 1309-48-4 14635-87-1 10034-81-8 13446-19-0
140.694 160.475 112.324 148.354 40.304 268.030 223.206 331.298
wh orth cry wh cub cry wh powder wh powder wh cub cry wh pow wh hyg powder wh hyg cry
Mg(MnO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
10377-62-5
370.268
MgO2 Mg3(PO4)2 ∙ 5H2O
1335-26-8 7757-87-1*
Mg3(PO4)2 ∙ 8H2O Mg2P2O7 Mg2P2O7 ∙ 3H2O
1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703
Manganese(II) dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate Manganese(II) fluoride Manganese(II) hydroxide Manganese(II) hypophosphite monohydrate
bp/°C
1897 1840
Density g cm–3 3.21 3.53
Solubility g/100 g H20 0.03825 0.03825
2825
3600
3.6
250 dec 190 dec
2.2 1.98
blue-blk cry
dec
2.18
56.304 352.934
wh cub cry wh cry
100 dec 400 dec
≈3.0
13446-23-6 13446-24-7 10102-34-8
406.980 222.553 276.600
wh monocl cry col monocl plates wh powder
1395 100 dec
2.17 2.56 2.56
Mg3P2 MgSeO4 ∙ 6H2O MgSe MgSeO3 ∙ 6H2O MgSiF6 ∙ 6H2O
12057-74-8 13446-28-1 1313-04-8 15593-61-0 60950-56-3
134.863 275.35 103.27 259.36 274.472
yel cub cry wh monocl cry brn cub cry col hex cry wh cry
120 dec
2.06 1.928 4.2 2.09 1.79
Mg2Si Mg2Sn MgSO4 MgSO4 ∙ H2O MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O MgS MgSO3 ∙ 3H2O MgSO3 ∙ 6H2O Mg(H2PO4)2 ∙ 2H2O
22831-39-6 1313-08-2 7487-88-9 14168-73-1 10034-99-8 12032-36-9 19086-20-5 13446-29-2 15609-80-0
76.696 167.320 120.368 138.383 246.474 56.370 158.414 212.460 254.311
gray cub cry blue cub cry col orth cry col monocl cry col orth cry red-brn cub cry col orth cry wh hex cry wh hyg cry
Mg(SCN)2 ∙ 4H2O
306-61-6
212.531
wh hyg cry
MgS2O3 ∙ 6H2O Mg2Si3O8 MgWO4 Mg2V2O7 MgZrO3 MgO ∙ ZrO2 ∙ SiO2 Mn Mn(C5H5)2 MnSb Mn2Sb MnB MnB2 Mn2B Mn3C Mn2(CO)10 Mn(CO)5Br MnP Mn2P MnSi2 Mn(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 4H2O MnBr2 MnBr2 ∙ 4H2O
13446-30-5 14987-04-3 13573-11-0 13568-63-3 12032-31-4 52110-05-1 7439-96-5 1271-27-8 12032-82-5 12032-97-2 12045-15-7 12228-50-1 12045-16-8 12266-65-8 10170-69-1 14516-54-2 12032-78-9 12333-54-9 12032-86-9 6156-78-1 13446-03-2 10031-20-6
244.525 260.862 272.14 262.489 163.527 223.612 54.938 185.124 176.698 231.636 65.749 76.560 120.687 176.825 389.977 274.893 85.912 140.850 111.109 245.087 214.746 286.808
col cry wh powder wh monocl cry tricl cry col cry wh solid hard gray metal yel-brn cry hex cry tetr cry orth cry hex cry red-brn tetr cry refrac solid yel monocl cry oran-yel cry orth cry hex cry gray solid red monocl cry pink hex cry red hyg cry
MnCO3 MnCl2 MnCl2 ∙ 4H2O
598-62-9 7773-01-5 13446-34-9
114.947 125.844 197.906
>200 dec 650 87.5
Mn(H2PO4)2 ∙ 2H2O
18718-07-5
284.944
pink hex cry pink trig cry; hyg red monocl cry; hyg col hyg cry
MnF2 Mn(OH)2 Mn(H2PO2)2 ∙ H2O
7782-64-1 18933-05-6 10043-84-2
92.935 88.953 202.931
red tetr cry pink hex cry pink cry
900 dec >250
1102 771 1137 150 dec 150 dec 2226
1.99 3.60 2.66 2.57 1.67 2.68 2.12 1.72
200 dec dec 90
10025 10025
Qualitative solubility i H2O
i EtOH; s dil acid sl H2O; i EtOH sl H2O s EtOH s H2O
0.0000920
i H2O; s dil acid s dil acid
0.0000920
s acid i H2O; s acid
55.525
39.318
35.725 35.725 35.725 0.7925 0.7925
reac H2O reac H2O i H2O; s dil acid i EtOH reac H2O s H2O, dil HCl
sl EtOH reac H2O i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH vs H2O, EtOH
170 dec
1.82
93
0.01620
2060
6.89 3.1 4.23
1246 173 840 948 1890 1827 1580 1520 154
2061
25
i H2O, alk; sl acid s dil acids s py, thf; sl bz
7.3 6.9 7.0 6.45 5.3 7.20 6.89 1.75
1147 1327 1152 dec 80 698 64 dec
i EtOH i H2O, EtOH i EtOH
i H2O; s os s os
5.49 6.0 1.59 4.385
1190
3.70 2.977 1.913
s H2O, EtOH 15125 15125 0.0000820 77.325 77.325
s dil acid s py, EtOH; i eth s EtOH; i eth s H2O; i EtOH
3.98 3.26
1.0225 0.0003420 1520
i EtOH s H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-75
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713
Manganese(II) iodide Manganese(II) iodide tetrahydrate Manganese(II) metasilicate Manganese(II) molybdate Manganese(II) nitrate Manganese(II) nitrate tetrahydrate Manganese(II) nitrate hexahydrate Manganese(II) orthosilicate Manganese(II) oxalate dihydrate Manganese(II) oxide
MnI2 MnI2 ∙ 4H2O MnSiO3 MnMoO4 Mn(NO3)2 Mn(NO3)2 ∙ 4H2O Mn(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O Mn2SiO4 MnC2O4 ∙ 2H2O MnO
7790-33-2 7790-33-2* 7759-00-4 14013-15-1 10377-93-2 20694-39-7 10377-66-9 13568-32-6 6556-16-7 1344-43-0
308.747 380.809 131.022 214.88 178.947 251.009 287.039 201.960 178.987 70.937
1714
Mn(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
15364-94-0
Mn2P2O7 MnSe MnSO4 MnSO4 ∙ H2O MnSO4 ∙ 4H2O MnS MnS MnS MnTe MnB4O7 ∙ 8H2O
1725 1726 1727 1728 1729
Manganese(II) perchlorate hexahydrate Manganese(II) pyrophosphate Manganese(II) selenide Manganese(II) sulfate Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate Manganese(II) sulfide (α form) Manganese(II) sulfide (β form) Manganese(II) sulfide (γ form) Manganese(II) telluride Manganese(II) tetraborate octahydrate Manganese(II) titanate Manganese(II) tungstate Manganese(II,III) oxide Manganese(III) acetate dihydrate Manganese(III) fluoride
1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
638
5.04
1291
3.48 4.05 2.2 2.13 1.8 4.11 2.45 5.37
361.931
wh hex cry; hyg red cry red orth cry yel monocl cry col orth cry; hyg pink hyg cry rose monocl cry orth cry wh cry powder grn cub cry or powder pink hex cry
53731-35-4 1313-22-0 7785-87-7 10034-96-5 10101-68-5 18820-29-6 18820-29-6 18820-29-6 12032-88-1 12228-91-0
283.819 133.90 151.001 169.016 223.062 87.003 87.003 87.003 182.54 354.300
wh monocl cry gray cub cry wh orth cry red monocl cry red monocl cry grn cub cry red cub cry red hex cry hex cry red solid
1196 1460 700
MnTiO3 MnWO4 Mn3O4 Mn(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 2H2O MnF3
12032-74-5 13918-22-4 1317-35-7 19513-05-4 7783-53-1
150.803 302.78 228.812 268.100 111.933
Manganese(III) hydroxide Manganese(III) oxide Manganese(IV) oxide Manganese(VII) oxide Mendelevium Mercury Dimethyl mercury Mercury(I) acetate Mercury(I) bromate Mercury(I) bromide
MnO(OH) Mn2O3 MnO2 Mn2O7 Md Hg Hg(CH3)2 Hg2(C2H3O2)2 Hg2(BrO3)2 Hg2Br2
1332-63-4 1317-34-6 1313-13-9 12057-92-0 7440-11-1 7439-97-6 593-74-8 631-60-7 13465-33-3 15385-58-7
87.945 157.874 86.937 221.872 258 200.59 230.66 519.27 656.98 560.99
1740 1741 1742 1743
Mercury(I) carbonate Mercury(I) chlorate Mercury(I) chloride Mercury(I) chromate
Hg2CO3 Hg2(ClO3)2 Hg2Cl2 Hg2CrO4
6824-78-8 10294-44-7 10112-91-1 13465-34-4
461.19 568.08 472.09 517.17
red hex cry wh monocl cry brn tetr cry brn cry red monocl cry; hyg blk monocl cry blk cub cry blk tetr cry grn oil; exp metal heavy silv liq liq col scales col cry wh tetr cry or powder yel-brn cry wh rhom cry wh tetr cry brn-red solid
1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749 1750 1751
Mercury(I) fluoride Mercury(I) iodate Mercury(I) iodide Mercury(I) nitrate Mercury(I) nitrate dihydrate Mercury(I) nitrite Mercury(I) oxalate Mercury(I) oxide
Hg2F2 Hg2(IO3)2 Hg2I2 Hg2(NO3)2 Hg2(NO3)2 ∙ 2H2O Hg2(NO2)2 Hg2C2O4 Hg2O
13967-25-4 13465-35-5 15385-57-6 10415-75-5 14836-60-3 13492-25-6 2949-11-3 15829-53-5
439.18 750.99 654.99 525.19 561.22 493.19 489.20 417.18
1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757
Mercury(I) perchlorate tetrahydrate Mercury(I) sulfate Mercury(I) sulfide Mercury(I) thiocyanate Mercury(I) tungstate Mercury(II) acetate
Hg2(ClO4)2 ∙ 4H2O Hg2SO4 Hg2S Hg2(SCN)2 Hg2WO4 Hg(C2H3O2)2
65202-12-2 7783-36-0 51595-71-2 13465-37-7 38705-19-0 1600-27-7
672.14 497.24 433.25 517.34 649.02 318.68
1758
Mercury(II) amide chloride
Hg(NH2)Cl
10124-48-8
252.07
1759 1760 1761
Mercury(II) benzoate monohydrate Mercury(II) bromate Mercury(II) bromide
Hg(C7H5O2)2 ∙ H2O Hg(BrO3)2 HgBr2
32839-04-6 26522-91-8 7789-47-1
460.83 456.39 360.40
1762
Mercury(II) chlorate
Hg(ClO3)2
13465-30-0
367.49
1715 1716 1717 1718 1719 1720 1721 1722 1723 1724
yel cub cry yel-wh pow yel amorp powder cry col cry yel cry cry prob mixture of HgO+Hg cry wh-yel cry powder unstab blk pow col powder yel amorp solid wh-yel cry or powder wh solid wh cry cry wh rhomb cry or powder wh needles
37.1 dec 28 dec 150 dec 1842
Solubility g/100 g H20
16125 16125 16125 0.03220
Qualitative solubility s H2O, EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH i H2O s diox, thf s EtOH vs EtOH i H2O s acid i H2O; s acid
2.10
850 dec
38 dec 1610
≈1150
3.71 5.45 3.25 2.95 2.26 4.0 3.3 ≈3.3 6.0
63.725 63.725 63.725
i H2O i H2O i EtOH i EtOH i H2O; s dil acid i H2O; s dil acid i H2O; s dil acid i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid
1360 1567
4.55 7.2 4.84
>600 dec
3.54
i H2O; s HCl s eth, HOAc reac H2O
250 dec 1080 dec 535 dec 5.9 827 -38.8290
95 exp
≈4.3 ≈5.0 5.08 2.40
i H2O i H2O i H2O, HNO3 vs H2O
356.62 93
13.5336 3.17
i H2O i H2O; vs EtOH, eth sl H2O; i EtOH, eth i H2O; sl acid i H2O, EtOH, eth
dec dec 345 dec
7.307
130 dec ≈250 dec 525 tp
383 sp
6.409 7.16
subl
8.73
570 dec dec 175 290
0.0000045
0.003220
4.8 7.3
100 dec
9.8
64 7.56 dec dec dec 179 dec
3.28
318
i EtOH sl H2O; s EtOH i EtOH, eth i H2O EtOH; s conc HNO3 reac H2O i H2O, EtOH, eth sl H2O sl H2O reac H2O i H2O; sl HNO3 i H2O; s HNO3
44225 0.05125 0.0325
subl
dec
0.000425
7.70
70 dec 100 dec
165 130 dec 241
0.005420
2510
5.38
6.05
1.215 0.15 0.6125
4.998
25
s dil HNO3 i H2O s HCl, KCNS i H2O, EtOH s EtOH i H2O, EtOH; s warm acid sl EtOH s acid sl chl; s EtOH, MeOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-76 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1763
Mercury(II) chloride
HgCl2
7487-94-7
271.50
wh orth cry
304
5.6
7.3125
1764 1765 1766 1767 1768
Mercury(II) chromate Mercury(II) cyanide Mercury(II) dichromate Mercury(II) fluoride Mercury(II) fulminate
HgCrO4 Hg(CN)2 HgCr2O7 HgF2 Hg(CNO)2
13444-75-2 592-04-1 7789-10-8 7783-39-3 628-86-4
316.58 252.62 416.58 238.59 284.62
red monocl cry col tetr cry red cry powder wh cub cry; hyg gray cry
320 dec
6.06 4.00
11.425
645 dec exp
8.95 4.42
1769 1770 1771
Mercury(II) hydrogen arsenate Mercury(II) iodate Mercury(II) iodide (yellow)
HgHAsO4 Hg(IO3)2 HgI2
7784-37-4 7783-32-6 7774-29-0
340.52 550.40 454.40
1772
Mercury(II) iodide (red)
HgI2
7774-29-0
454.40
yel powder wh powder yel tetr cry or powder red pow
1773 1774 1775 1776 1777
Mercury(II) nitrate Mercury(II) nitrate monohydrate Mercury(II) nitrate dihydrate Mercury(II) oxalate Mercury(II) oxide
Hg(NO3)2 Hg(NO3)2 ∙ H2O Hg(NO3)2 ∙ 2H2O HgC2O4 HgO
10045-94-0 7783-34-8 22852-67-1 3444-13-1 21908-53-2
324.60 342.62 360.63 288.61 216.59
col hyg cry wh-yel hyg cry monocl cry powder red or yel orth cry
1778 1779 1780 1781 1782 1783 1784
Mercury(II) oxide sulfate Mercury(II) oxycyanide Mercury(II) perchlorate trihydrate Mercury(II) phosphate Mercury(II) selenide Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(II) sulfide (black)
(Hg3O2)SO4 Hg(CN)2 ∙ HgO Hg(ClO4)2 ∙ 3H2O Hg3(PO4)2 HgSe HgSO4 HgS
1312-03-4 1335-31-5 7616-83-3 7782-66-3 20601-83-6 7783-35-9 1344-48-5
729.83 469.21 453.54 791.71 279.55 296.65 232.66
1785
Mercury(II) sulfide (red)
HgS
1344-48-5
232.66
yel powder wh orth cry cry wh-yel powder gray cub cry wh monocl cry blk cub cry or powder red hex cry
1786 1787 1788 1789
Mercury(II) telluride Mercury(II) thiocyanate Mercury(II) tungstate Molybdenum
HgTe Hg(SCN)2 HgWO4 Mo
12068-90-5 592-85-8 37913-38-5 7439-98-7
328.19 316.75 448.43 95.94
1790 1791 1792 1793 1794 1795 1796 1797 1798 1799 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804
Molybdophosphoric acid Molybdenum boride (Mo2B) Molybdenum boride (Mo2B5) Molybdenum carbide (MoC) Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) Molybdenum carbonyl Molybdenum nitride (MoN) Molybdenum nitride (Mo2N) Molybdenum phosphide Molybdenum silicide (MoSi2) Molybdenum(II) bromide Molybdenum(II) chloride Molybdenum(II) iodide Molybdenum(III) bromide Molybdenum(III) chloride
H3P(Mo3O10)4 Mo2B Mo2B5 MoC Mo2C Mo(CO)6 MoN Mo2N MoP MoSi2 MoBr2 MoCl2 MoI2 MoBr3 MoCl3
51429-74-4 12006-99-4 12007-97-5 12011-97-1 12069-89-5 13939-06-5 12033-19-1 12033-31-7 12163-69-8 12136-78-6 13446-56-5 13478-17-6 14055-74-4 13446-57-6 13478-18-7
1825.25 202.69 245.94 107.95 203.89 264.00 109.95 205.89 126.91 152.11 255.75 166.85 349.75 335.65 202.30
1805 1806 1807 1808 1809
Molybdenum(III) fluoride Molybdenum(III) iodide Molybdenum(III) oxide Molybdenum(IV) bromide Molybdenum(IV) chloride
MoF3 MoI3 Mo2O3 MoBr4 MoCl4
20193-58-2 14055-75-5 1313-29-7 13520-59-7 13320-71-3
152.94 476.65 239.88 415.56 237.75
1810 1811 1812 1813 1814
Molybdenum(IV) fluoride Molybdenum(IV) iodide Molybdenum(IV) oxide Molybdenum(IV) selenide Molybdenum(IV) sulfide
MoF4 MoI4 MoO2 MoSe2 MoS2
23412-45-5 14055-76-6 18868-43-4 12058-18-3 1317-33-5
171.93 603.56 127.94 253.86 160.07
1815 1816
Molybdenum(IV) telluride Molybdenum(V) chloride
MoTe2 MoCl5
12058-20-7 10241-05-1
351.14 273.21
1817 1818 1819
Molybdenum(V) fluoride MoF5 Molybdenum(V) oxytrichloride MoOCl3 Molybdenum(VI) acid monohydrate H2MoO4 ∙ H2O
13819-84-6 13814-74-9 7782-91-4
190.93 218.30 179.97
gray cub cry monocl cry yel cry gray-blk metal; cub bright yel cry refrac tetr cry refrac hex cry refrac solid; cub gray orth cry wh orth cry hex cry gray cub cry blk hex cry gray tetr cry yel-red cry yel cry blk hyg cry grn hex cry dark red monocl cry yel-brn hex cry blk solid gray-blk powder blk cry blk cry grn cry blk cry brn-viol tetr cry gray hex cry blk powder or hex cry gray hex cry grn-blk monocl cry; hyg yel monocl cry blk monocl cry wh powder
277
175 dec 256
351
trans to yel 127 79
6.28
4.3 4.3 4.78 11.14
exp
4.44
subl 850
2000 1600 2577 2687 148 1750 790 dec
0.005525 0.00625
165 dec 500 dec
trans to blk HgS 344 673 ≈165 dec dec 2623
Solubility g/100 g H20
11.425
10.2
sl EtOH, ace, eth, chl s H2O; i EtOH s H2O, dil acid s H2O i H2O i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid i H2O; s acid
i H2O, acid; s aqua regia
8.17
4639
sl bz; s EtOH, MeOH, ace, eth sl H2O s EtOH; sl eth i H2O; s acid reac H2O sl H2O; s EtOH, NH4OH i H2O; s acid i H2O sl EtOH, ace, eth
i H2O, EtOH; s acid i H2O reac H2O i H2O; s acid, EtOH
8.21 6.47 7.70
8.63 3.71
Qualitative solubility
0.07025
s dil HCl i H2O, EtOH i H2O, dil acid, alk
9.2 ≈7.2
155 dec
≈1900 dec 700 dec 500 700 dec 500 dec 400 >600 927
9.18 1.96 9.20 9.46 7.34 6.2 4.88 3.71 5.28 4.89 3.74 4.64
dec 110 317 dec dec 100 ≈1800 dec >1200 1750
6.47 6.90 5.06
194
268
67 310
213.6 subl
7.7 2.93 3.5 3.1
i H2O; s bz; sl eth
i H2O; s HF i H2O, EtOH i H2O i H2O i H2O, EtOH i H2O, os i H2O i H2O i H2O; sl acid reac H2O reac H2O, sl chl; i eth, bz reac H2O i H2O i H2O, acid, alk i H2O; s conc acid
reac H2O; s EtOH, eth reac H2O reac H2O sl H2O; s alk
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-77
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1820 1821 1822
Molybdenum(VI) dioxydichloride Molybdenum(VI) dioxydifluoride Molybdenum(VI) fluoride
MoO2Cl2 MoO2F2 MoF6
13637-68-8 13824-57-2 7783-77-9
198.85 165.94 209.93
1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833
Mo(PO3)6 MoO3 MoOCl4 MoOF4 MoS3 Nd NdB6 NdN Nd(C2H3O2)2 NdCl2 Nd(BrO3)3 ∙ 9H2O
133863-98-6 1313-27-5 13814-75-0 14459-59-7 12033-29-3 7440-00-8 12008-23-0 25764-11-8 6192-13-8 25469-93-6 15162-92-2
NdBr3 NdCl3 NdCl3 ∙ 6H2O
1848
Molybdenum(VI) metaphosphate Molybdenum(VI) oxide Molybdenum(VI) oxytetrachloride Molybdenum(VI) oxytetrafluoride Molybdenum(VI) sulfide Neodymium Neodymium boride Neodymium nitride Neodymium(II) acetate Neodymium(II) chloride Neodymium(III) bromate nonahydrate Neodymium(III) bromide Neodymium(III) chloride Neodymium(III) chloride hexahydrate Neodymium(III) fluoride Neodymium(III) hydroxide Neodymium(III) iodide Neodymium(III) nitrate Neodymium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Neodymium(III) oxide Neodymium(III) sulfate Neodymium(III) sulfate octahydrate Neodymium(III) sulfide Neodymium(III) telluride Neodymium(III) tris(cyclopentadienyl) Neon
1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
176 subl 270 17.5
250
569.77 143.94 253.75 187.93 192.14 144.242 209.108 158.249 321.373 215.148 690.086
yel-oran solid pale lilac cry wh cub cry or col liq; hyg yel powder wh-yel rhomb cry grn hyg powder volatile solid blk solid silv metal; hex blk cub cry blk cub cry red-purp cry grn hyg solid red hex cry
802 105 97.2 350 dec 1016 2610
1155 159 186.0
13536-80-6 10024-93-8 13477-89-9
383.954 250.601 358.692
viol orth cry; hyg viol hex cry purp cry
682 759 124 dec
1540 1600
5.3 4.13 2.3
NdF3 Nd(OH)3 NdI3 Nd(NO3)3 Nd(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Nd2O3 Nd2(SO4)3 Nd2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Nd2S3 Nd2Te3 Nd(C5H5)3
13709-42-7 16469-17-3 13813-24-6 10045-95-1 14517-29-4 1313-97-9 13477-91-3 13477-91-3 12035-32-4 12035-35-7 1273-98-9
201.237 195.264 524.955 330.257 438.348 336.482 576.672 720.794 384.679 671.28 339.522
viol hex cry; hyg blue solid grn orth cry; hyg viol hyg. cry purp hyg cry blue hex cry; hyg pink needles red cry orth cry gray orth cry red-blue cry
1377 dec 210 787
2300
6.51
2233 ≈700 dec 350 dec 2207 1377 380
3760
Ne
7440-01-9
20.180
col gas
-246.053
0.825 g/L
sl H2O
Neptunium Neptunium(IV) oxide Nickel Nickelocene Nickel aluminide (NiAl) Nickel antimonide Nickel arsenide Nickel boride (NiB) Nickel boride (Ni2B) Nickel boride (Ni3B) Nickel carbonyl
Np NpO2 Ni Ni(C5H5)2 NiAl NiSb NiAs NiB Ni2B Ni3B Ni(CO)4
7439-99-8 12035-79-9 7440-02-0 1271-28-9 12003-78-0 12035-52-8 27016-75-7 12007-00-0 12007-01-1 12007-02-2 13463-39-3
237 269 58.693 188.879 85.675 180.453 133.615 69.504 128.198 186.891 170.734
silv metal grn cub cry wh metal; cub grn cry metallic solid hex cry hex cry grn refrac solid refrac solid refrac solid col liq
-248.609 tp (43 kPa) 644 2547 1455 173 1638 1147 967 1035 1125 1166 -19.3
s HCl
2913
20.2 11.1 8.90
Ni2P NiSi2 Ni2Si Ni3S2 Ni(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 4H2O NH4NiCl3 ∙ 6H2O
12035-64-2 12201-89-7 12059-14-2 12035-72-2 6018-89-9 16122-03-5*
148.361 114.864 145.473 240.210 248.842 291.182
hex cry cub cry orth cry yel hex cry grn monocl cry grn hyg cry
1100 993 1255 789 250 dec
Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2 Ni(NH4)2(SO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
15699-18-0 7785-20-8
286.895 394.987
blue-grn cry blue-grn cry
dec 250 dec 130
1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876
Nickel phosphide Nickel silicide (NiSi2) Nickel silicide (Ni2Si) Nickel subsulfide Nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate Nickel(II) ammonium chloride hexahydrate Nickel(II) ammonium sulfate Nickel(II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate Nickel(II) arsenate octahydrate Nickel(II) bromide Nickel(II) bromide trihydrate Nickel(II) carbonate Nickel(II) chlorate hexahydrate Nickel(II) chloride Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate Nickel(II) chromate Nickel(II) cyanide tetrahydrate
Ni3(AsO4)2 ∙ 8H2O NiBr2 NiBr2 ∙ 3H2O NiCO3 Ni(ClO3)2 ∙ 6H2O NiCl2 NiCl2 ∙ 6H2O NiCrO4 Ni(CN)2 ∙ 4H2O
7784-48-7 13462-88-9 13462-88-9* 3333-67-3 13477-94-6 7718-54-9 7791-20-0 14721-18-7 13477-95-7
598.040 218.501 272.547 118.702 333.687 129.599 237.690 174.687 182.789
yel-grn powder yel hex cry; hyg yel-grn hyg cry grn rhomb cry grn cub cry yel hex cry; hyg grn monocl cry red solid grn plates
dec 963 200 dec
1877 1878
Nickel(II) fluoride Nickel(II) fluoride tetrahydrate
NiF2 NiF2 ∙ 4H2O
10028-18-9 13940-83-5
96.690 168.752
yel tetr cry grn pow
1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847
1866 1867
34.0
3074
3.31 3.5 2.54 3.28 4.70
0.1420
i H2O, os
7.01 4.93 7.69
s H2O
841 66 dec
10025 10025
5.85 15225 15225
dec 80 1031
7.24 7.120 2.85 5.46 7.0
s H2O vs EtOH; i eth, chl s EtOH i H2O i H2O s H2O s EtOH s EtOH, ace i H2O; s dil acid sl H2O
s thf
42.1 (exp ≈60)
i H2O; sl dil acid
8.74 7.77 7.13 7.90 8.17 1.31 7.33 4.83 7.40 5.87 1.74 1.65
i H2O; s EtOH, bz, ace, ctc
1620
1.92
6.520
subl
4.98 5.10
13120
985 sp
4.389 2.07 3.51
4.7
s H2O, EtOH s H2O sl H2O s H2O; i EtOH i H2O; s acid
0.004320 67.525 67.525
200 dec 1380
reac H2O i MeCN, chl; sl HF reac H2O; vs hex, ctc i H2O, acid sl H2O; s alk, acid
2.5625
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth s dil acid vs H2O s EtOH s EtOH sl H2O i H2O; sl dil acid; s NH4OH i EtOH, eth sl H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-78 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884
Nickel(II) hydroxide Nickel(II) hydroxide monohydrate Nickel(II) iodate Nickel(II) iodate tetrahydrate Nickel(II) iodide Nickel(II) iodide hexahydrate
Ni(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 ∙ H2O Ni(IO3)2 Ni(IO3)2 ∙ 4H2O NiI2 NiI2 ∙ 6H2O
12054-48-7 36897-37-7 13477-98-0 13477-99-1 13462-90-3 7790-34-3
92.708 110.723 408.498 480.560 312.502 420.593
1885 1886
Nickel(II) nitrate Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate
Ni(NO3)2 Ni(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O
13138-45-9 13478-00-7
182.702 290.794
1887
Nickel(II) oxalate dihydrate
NiC2O4 ∙ 2H2O
6018-94-6
182.742
1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917
Nickel(II) oxide Nickel(II) perchlorate hexahydrate Nickel(II) phosphate octahydrate Nickel(II) selenate hexahydrate Nickel(II) selenide Nickel(II) stannate dihydrate Nickel(II) sulfate Nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate Nickel(II) sulfate heptahydrate Nickel(II) sulfide Nickel(II) thiocyanate Nickel(II) titanate Nickel(II,III) sulfide Nickel(III) oxide Niobium Niobocene dichloride Niobium boride (NbB) Niobium boride (NbB2) Niobium carbide (NbC) Niobium carbide (Nb2C) Niobium nitride Niobium phosphide Niobium silicide Niobium(II) oxide Niobium(III) bromide Niobium(III) chloride Niobium(III) fluoride Niobium(III) iodide Niobium(IV) bromide Niobium(IV) chloride
NiO Ni(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O Ni3(PO4)2 ∙ 8H2O NiSeO4 ∙ 6H2O NiSe NiSnO3 ∙ 2H2O NiSO4 NiSO4 ∙ 6H2O NiSO4 ∙ 7H2O NiS Ni(SCN)2 NiTiO3 Ni3S4 Ni2O3 Nb Nb(C5H5)2Cl2 NbB NbB2 NbC Nb2C NbN NbP NbSi2 NbO NbBr3 NbCl3 NbF3 NbI3 NbBr4 NbCl4
1313-99-1 13637-71-3* 10381-36-9* 15060-62-5* 1314-05-2 12035-38-0 7786-81-4 10101-97-0 10101-98-1 16812-54-7 13689-92-4 12035-39-1 12137-12-1 1314-06-3 7440-03-1 12793-14-5 12045-19-1 12007-29-3 12069-94-2 12011-99-3 24621-21-4 12034-66-1 12034-80-9 12034-57-0 15752-41-7 13569-59-0 15195-53-6 13870-20-7 13842-75-6 13569-70-5
74.692 365.686 510.145 309.74 137.65 261.432 154.756 262.847 280.862 90.758 174.857 154.558 304.340 165.385 92.906 293.998 103.717 114.528 104.917 197.824 106.913 123.880 149.077 108.905 332.618 199.265 149.901 473.619 412.522 234.718
1918 1919 1920
Niobium(IV) fluoride Niobium(IV) iodide Niobium(IV) oxide
NbF4 NbI4 NbO2
13842-88-1 13870-21-8 12034-59-2
168.900 600.524 124.905
1921 1922 1923 1924 1925
Niobium(IV) selenide Niobium(IV) sulfide Niobium(IV) telluride Niobium(V) bromide Niobium(V) chloride
NbSe2 NbS2 NbTe2 NbBr5 NbCl5
12034-77-4 12136-97-9 12034-83-2 13478-45-0 10026-12-7
250.83 157.036 348.11 492.426 270.171
1926 1927 1928
Niobium(V) dioxyfluoride Niobium(V) ethoxide Niobium(V) fluoride
NbO2F Nb(OC2H5)5 NbF5
15195-33-2 3236-82-6 7783-68-8
143.903 318.209 187.898
1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
Niobium(V) iodide Niobium(V) oxide Niobium(V) oxybromide Niobium(V) oxychloride Nitrogen Nitramide
NbI5 Nb2O5 NbOBr3 NbOCl3 N2 NO2NH2
13779-92-5 1313-96-8 14459-75-7 13597-20-1 7727-37-9 7782-94-7
727.428 265.810 348.617 215.264 28.013 62.028
grn cub cry grn hex needles grn plates grn tetr cry yel-grn hex cry grn pow grn-yel orth cry blue-grn tetr cry grn orth cry yel hex cry grn pwd brn hex cry cub cry gray-blk cub cry gray metal; cub hyg blk cry gray orth cry gray hex cry gray cub cry refrac hex cry gray cry; cub tetr cry gray hex cry gray cub cry dark brn solid blk solid blue cub cry blk solid dark brn cry viol-blk monocl cry blk tetr cry; hyg gray orth cry wh tetr cry or powder gray hex cry blk rhomb cry hex cry oran orth cry yel monocl cry; hyg wh cub cry col hyg liq col monocl cry; hyg yel-blk monocl cry wh orth cry yel-brn cry wh tetr cry col gas unstab wh cry
1935 1936 1937 1938
Nitric acid Nitrous acid Nitrous oxide Nitric oxide
HNO3 HNO2 N2O NO
7697-37-2 7782-77-6 10024-97-2 10102-43-9
63.013 47.014 44.012 30.006
col liq; hyg stab only in soln col gas col gas
Physical form mp/°C grn hex cry grn powder yel needles yel hex cry blk hex cry; hyg grn monocl cry; hyg grn cry grn monocl cry; hyg grn-wh solid
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
230 dec
4.1
dec 100 800
5.07 5.07 5.22
subl
Solubility g/100 g H20
0.0001520 0.0001520 1.130
2.05
dec 150 1957 140
vs EtOH
99.2 99.225
s EtOH s EtOH
0.001225
i H2O; s acid, NH4OH i H2O; s acid s EtOH, ace s acid
6.72 158.825
980 dec 120 840 dec ≈100 dec 976
2.314 7.2
35.520
4.01 2.07 1.98 5.5
40.425 40.425 40.425 55.025
995 ≈600 dec 2477 2270 3050 3608 3080 2300
s dil acid sl H2O sl H2O
15425 15425 25
56 dec
Qualitative solubility
sl EtOH s EtOH i H2O
5.0 4.77 4744
4300
1950 1937
8.57 7.5 6.97 7.82 7.8 8.47 6.5 5.7 7.30
i H2O; s hot acid i acid sl tol
i H2O, acid i H2O i HCl, acid
subl 400 4.2 dec 510 4.72 3.2
reac H2O reac H2O
>350 dec 503 1901
4.01 5.6 5.9
reac H2O
>1300
dec 800
subl 300 275 subl
265.2 205.8
361.6 247.4
6.3 4.4 7.6 4.36 2.78
5 80
203 234
4.0 1.258 2.70
327 1500 ≈320 dec
5.32 4.47
s H2O, EtOH reac H2O; s HCl, ctc reac H2O; s peth reac H2O; sl CS2, chl reac H2O i H2O; s HF
subl subl -195.798
3.72 1.145 g/L
-41.6
83
1.512920
sl H2O; i EtOH s H2O, EtOH, ace, eth; i chl vs H2O
-90.8 -163.6
-88.48 -151.74
1.799 g/L 1.226 g/L
sl H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O
-210.0 72 dec
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-79
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
1939
Nitrogen dioxide
NO2
10102-44-0
46.006
1940
Nitrogen trioxide
N2O3
10544-73-7
76.011
1941
Nitrogen tetroxide
N2O4
10544-72-6
92.011
1942 1943 1944 1945 1946
Nitrogen pentoxide Nitrogen tribromide Nitrogen trichloride Nitrogen trifluoride Nitrogen triiodide
N2O5 NBr3 NCl3 NF3 NI3
10102-03-1 15162-90-0 10025-85-1 7783-54-2 13444-85-4
108.010 253.719 120.366 71.002 394.720
1947 1948
Nitrogen chloride difluoride Chloramine
NClF2 NH2Cl
13637-87-1 10599-90-3
87.457 51.476
1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960
Fluoramine Difluoramine cis-Difluorodiazine trans-Difluorodiazine Tetrafluorohydrazine Nitrosyl bromide Nitrosyl chloride Nitrosyl fluoride Trifluoramine oxide Nitryl chloride Nitryl fluoride Nitrogen selenide
NH2F NHF2 N2F2 N2F2 N2F4 NOBr NOCl NOF NOF3 NO2Cl NO2F N4Se4
15861-05-9 10405-27-3 13812-43-6 13776-62-0 10036-47-2 13444-87-6 2696-92-6 7789-25-5 13847-65-9 13444-90-1 10022-50-1 12033-88-4
35.021 53.012 66.010 66.010 104.007 109.910 65.459 49.004 87.001 81.459 65.004 371.87
1961 1962
Nobelium Osmium
No Os
10028-14-5 7440-04-2
259.000 190.23
1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
Osmocene Osmium carbonyl Osmium pentacarbonyl Osmium nonacarbonyl Osmium(II) chloride Osmium(III) bromide Osmium(III) chloride
Os(C5H5)2 Os3(CO)12 Os(CO)5 Os2(CO)9 OsCl2 OsBr3 OsCl3
1273-81-0 15696-40-9 16406-49-8 28411-13-4 13444-92-3 59201-51-3 13444-93-4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Osmium(IV) chloride Osmium(IV) fluoride Osmium(IV) oxide Osmium(V) fluoride Osmium(VI) fluoride Osmium(VI) tetrachloride oxide Osmium(VIII) oxide
OsCl4 OsF4 OsO2 OsF5 OsF6 OsOCl4 OsO4
1977 1978 1979 1980
Oxygen Ozone Palladium Palladium(II) acetate
1981
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
brn gas; equil with N2O4 blue solid or liq (low temp) col liq; equil with NO2 col hex cry unstab solid yel oily liq; exp col gas unstab blk cry; exp col gas yel liq
see N2O4
1.880 g/L
-101.1
≈3 dec
1.42
reac H2O
-9.3
21.15
1.4520
reac H2O
33 sp
2.0
s chl; sl ctc
71 -128.75
1.653 2.902 g/L
i H2O; s CS2, bz, ctc i H2O
-67
3.575 g/L
exp -100 -40 -206.79
-195 -66
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility reac H2O
s H2O, EtOH, eth; sl bz, ctc
≈-110 -116 <-195 -172 -164.5 -56 -59.6 -132.5 -161 -145 -166 exp
320.42 906.81 330.28 632.55 261.14 429.94 296.59
unstab gas col gas col gas col gas col gas red gas yel gas col gas col gas col gas col gas red monocl cry; hyg metal blue-wh metal; hex col cry yel cry col liq oran-yel cry hyg brn solid dark gray cry gray cub cry
10026-01-4 54120-05-7 12036-02-1 31576-40-6 13768-38-2 36509-15-6 20816-12-0
332.04 266.22 222.23 285.22 304.22 348.04 254.23
red-blk orth cry yel cry yel-brn tetr cry hyg blue-grn cry yel cub cry dark brn hyg cry yel monocl cry
323 dec 230 dec 500 70 33.4 32 40.6
O2 O3 Pd Pd(C2H3O2)2
7782-44-7 10028-15-6 7440-05-3 3375-31-3
31.999 47.998 106.42 224.51
col gas blue gas silv-wh metal; cub oran-brn cry
-218.79 -193 1554.8 205 dec
Palladium(II) bromide
PdBr2
13444-94-5
266.23
250 dec
≈5.2
1982
Palladium(II) chloride
PdCl2
7647-10-1
177.33
679
4.0
s H2O, EtOH, ace
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
Palladium(II) chloride dihydrate Palladium(II) cyanide Palladium(II) fluoride Palladium(II) iodide Palladium(II) nitrate Palladium(II) oxide
PdCl2 ∙ 2H2O Pd(CN)2 PdF2 PdI2 Pd(NO3)2 PdO
7647-10-1* 2035-66-7 13444-96-7 7790-38-7 10102-05-3 1314-08-5
213.36 158.45 144.42 360.23 230.43 122.42
red-blk monocl cry; hyg red rhomb cry; hyg brn cry yel solid viol tetr cry; hyg blk cry brn hyg cry grn-blk tetr cry
s os s hc s EtOH, eth i H2O, os, acid i H2O, os; s conc acid reac H2O; i os reac H2O i H2O, acid reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s hc sl H2O; s ctc, bz, EtOH, eth sl H2O, EtOH, os sl H2O s aqua regia i H2O; s MeCN, eth, ace i H2O
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Palladium(II) 2,4-pentanedioate Palladium(II) sulfate dihydrate Palladium(II) sulfide cis-Dichlorodiamminepalladium(II) trans-Dichlorodiamminepalladium (II)
Pd(CH3COCHCOCH3)2 PdSO4 ∙ 2H2O PdS Pd(NH3)2Cl2 Pd(NH3)2Cl2
14024-61-4 13566-03-5 12125-22-3 15684-18-1 13782-33-7
304.64 238.51 138.49 211.39 211.39
oran-yel cry grn-brn cry gray tetr cry yel pow yel solid
827 3033 229 224 -15 65 dec dec >450 340 dec 450 dec
-23 -105.75 -111.45 -74 ≈0 -5.5 -59.9 -87.5 -15 -72.4
1.431 g/L 2.167 g/L 2.698 g/L 2.698 g/L 4.251 g/L 4.492 g/L 2.676 g/L 2.003 g/L 3.556 g/L 3.330 g/L 2.657 g/L 4.2
5012
22.58720
reac H2O reac H2O
reac H2O i H2O, eth, EtOH; sl bz, CS2 s aqua regia
3.48 dec 100
4.38 11.4 233 47.5 200 131.2 -182.953 -111.35 2963
4.1 5.1
6.4420
1.308 g/L 1.962 g/L 12.0
s H2O, EtOH, ace dec 952 360 dec dec 750 dec
5.76 6.0
reac H2O i H2O, EtOH, eth sl H2O; s dil HNO3 i H2O, acid; sl aqua regia s bz, chl
8.3
205 dec dec 6.7 0.02525 2.50
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-80 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
1994
Phosphorus (white)
P
7723-14-0
30.974
1995
Phosphorus (red)
P
7723-14-0
30.974
1996
Phosphorus (black)
P
7723-14-0
30.974
44.15
280.5
1.823
579.2
431 sp
2.16
i H2O; sl bz, EtOH, chl; s CS2 i H2O, os
2.69
i os
1.390 g/L
i H2O; sl EtOH, eth reac H2O
347.659 270.686
col waxlike cub cry red-viol amorp powder blk orth cry or amorp solid col gas; flam col liq col oily liq col gas red tricl needles gas col tetr cry col visc liq wh-yel cry wh hyg cry hyg cry or col oily liq gl solid; hyg col orth cry wh cry col liq col oily liq col visc liq yel-brn solid yel-grn orth cry pale yel monocl cry wh hyg cry col liq
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Phosphine Diphosphine Diphosphorus tetrachloride Diphosphorus tetrafluoride Diphosphorus tetraiodide Phosphonium chloride Phosphonium iodide Phosphoric acid Phosphotungstic acid Phosphonic acid Phosphinic acid
PH3 P2H4 P2Cl4 P2F4 P2I4 PH4Cl PH4I H3PO4 H3PW12O40 H3PO3 HPH2O2
7803-51-2 13445-50-6 13497-91-1 13824-74-3 13455-00-0 24567-53-1 12125-09-6 7664-38-2 12067-99-1 13598-36-2 6303-21-5
33.998 65.980 203.760 137.942 569.566 70.459 161.910 97.995 2880.05 81.996 65.997
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Metaphosphoric acid Hypophosphoric acid Diphosphoric acid Difluorophosphoric acid Hexafluorophosphoric acid Fluorophosphonic acid Phosphorus nitride (P3N5) Phosphorus sesquisulfide Phosphorus heptasulfide
HPO3 H4P2O6 H4P2O7 HPO2F2 HPF6 H2PFO3 P3N5 P4S3 P4S7
37267-86-0 7803-60-3 2466-09-3 13779-41-4 16940-81-1 13537-32-1 12136-91-3 1314-85-8 12037-82-0
79.980 161.976 177.975 101.978 145.972 99.986 162.955 220.090 348.350
2017 2018
Phosphonitrilic chloride trimer Phosphorus(III) bromide
(PNCl2)3 PBr3
940-71-6 7789-60-8
2019 2020 2021
Phosphorus(III) dibromide fluoride Phosphorus(III) bromide difluoride Phosphorus(III) chloride
PBr2F PBrF2 PCl3
15597-39-4 15597-40-7 7719-12-2
209.780 148.875 137.333
2022 2023 2024 2025
Phosphorus(III) dichloride fluoride Phosphorus(III) chloride difluoride Phosphorus(III) fluoride Phosphorus(III) iodide
PCl2F PClF2 PF3 PI3
15597-63-4 14335-40-1 7783-55-3 13455-01-1
120.878 104.424 87.969 411.687
2026
Phosphorus(III) oxide
P2O3
1314-24-5
109.946
2027 2028
Tetraphosphorus(III) hexoxide Phosphorus(III) selenide
P4O6 P2Se3
12440-00-5 1314-86-9
2029
Phosphorus(III) sulfide
P2S3
2030
Phosphorus(V) bromide
PBr5
2031
Phosphorus(V) tetrabromide fluoride Phosphorus(V) dibromide trifluoride Phosphorus(V) chloride
PBr4F
2032 2033 2034
610 -133.8 -99 -28 -86.5 125.5 18.5 42.4 89 74.4 26.5
73 dec 71.5 ≈-94 25 dec <-70 800 dec 173 308
-87.75 63.5 dec ≈180 dec -6.2 dec -27 sp 62.5 407 200 130
5.638 g/L 3.89 2.880 g/L 2.86 54820 1.65 1.49
1.583 1.82
reac H2O reac H2O, EtOH s EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH, eth vs EtOH vs H2O, EtOH, eth sl H2O; s EtOH vs H2O reac H2O reac H2O vs H2O i H2O; s os i H2O; s bz; vs CS2 sl CS2
2.03 2.19
128.8 -41.5
173.2
1.98 2.8
col liq col gas col liq
-115 -133.8 -93
78.5 -16.1 76
6.085 g/L 1.574
-144 -164.8 -151.5 61.2
13.85 -47.3 -101.8 227 dec
4.941 g/L 4.268 g/L 3.596 g/L 4.18
reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH
23.8
173
2.13
reac H2O
219.891 298.83
col gas col gas col gas red-oran hex cry; hyg col monocl cry or liq soft wh cry oran-red cry
23.8 245
175.4 ≈380
1.31
12165-69-4
158.143
yel solid
290
490
7789-69-7
430.494
yel orth cry, hyg
≈100 dec
369.588
pale yel cry
87 dec
reac H2O; s bz, ctc, CS2, ace reac H2O; s EtOH, eth, CS2 reac H2O, EtOH; s CS2, ctc
3.61
PBr2F3
13445-58-4
247.777
yel-red liq
-20
15 dec
PCl5
10026-13-8
208.239
167 tp
160 sp
PCl4F
13498-11-8
191.784
wh-yel tetr cry; hyg col liq
-59
30 dec
PCl3F2
13537-23-0
175.330
col liq
-63
PCl2F3
13454-99-4
158.875
col gas
-125
7.1
6.494 g/L
2.1
13498-11-8
142.421
col gas
-132
-43.4
5.821 g/L
2038 2039 2040
PF5 P2O5 P2Se5
7647-19-0 1314-56-3 1314-82-5
125.966 141.945 456.75
-93.8 562
-84.6 605
5.149 g/L 2.30
2041 2042
Phosphorus(V) sulfide Phosphonic difluoride
P2S5 POF2H
1314-80-3 14939-34-5
222.273 85.978
col gas wh orth cry; hyg blk-purp amorp solid grn-yel hyg cry volatile liq
285 >-120
515 ≈60 (gas unstab)
2.03
2037
Qualitative solubility
407 523
PClF4
2036
3090
70923 110 dec
Phosphorus(V) tetrachloride fluoride Phosphorus(V) trichloride difluoride Phosphorus(V) dichloride trifluoride Phosphorus(V) chloride tetrafluoride Phosphorus(V) fluoride Phosphorus(V) oxide Phosphorus(V) selenide
2035
Solubility g/100 g H20
reac H2O reac H2O, EtOH; s ace, CS2
reac H2O, EtOH; s bz, chl, eth
reac H2O; s CS2, ctc
reac H2O reac H2O, EtOH reac hot H2O, ctc; i CS2 reac H2O; s CS2
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-81
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
2043
Phosphoryl bromide
POBr3
7789-59-5
286.685
faint oran plates
55
191.7
2.822
2044 2045 2046 2047 2048
POBr2Cl POBr2F POBrCl2 POBrF2 POBrClF
13550-31-7 14014-19-8 13455-03-3 14014-18-7 14518-81-1
242.234 225.779 197.783 164.874 181.328
yel solid col liq col liq col liq col liq
31 -117.2 11 -84.8
165 110.1 136.5 31.6 79
2.10414
2049 2050 2051 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056 2057
Phosphoryl dibromide chloride Phosphoryl dibromide fluoride Phosphoryl bromide dichloride Phosphoryl bromide difluoride Phosphoryl bromide chloride fluoride Phosphoryl chloride Phosphoryl dichloride fluoride Phosphoryl chloride difluoride Phosphoryl fluoride Phosphoryl iodide Phosphorothioc tribromide Phosphorothioc dibromide fluoride Phosphorothioc bromide difluoride Phosphorothioc trichloride
POCl3 POCl2F POClF2 POF3 POI3 PSBr3 PSBr2F PSBrF2 PSCl3
10025-87-3 13769-76-1 13769-75-0 13478-20-1 13455-04-4 3931-89-3 13706-10-0 13706-09-7 3982-91-0
153.332 136.877 120.423 103.968 427.686 302.751 241.845 180.940 169.398
col liq col liq col gas col gas viol cry yel cry yel liq yel liq fuming liq
1.18 -80.1 -96.4 -39.1 tp 53 37.8 -75.2 -136.9 -36.2
105.5 52.9 3.1 -39.7 sp
2058 2059 2060 2061 2062
Phosphorothioc dichloride fluoride Phosphorothioc chloride difluoride Phosphorothioc trifluoride Phosphorothioc triiodide Platinum
PSCl2F PSClF2 PSF3 PSI3 Pt
155698-29-6 2524-02-9 2404-52-6 63972-04-3 7440-06-4
152.943 136.489 120.034 443.752 195.084
-96.0 -155.2 -148.8 48 1768.2
64.7 6.3 -52.25 dec 3825
2063 2064 2065 2066
Hexachloroplatinic acid Hydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate(IV) Platinum(II) bromide Platinum(II) chloride
H2PtCl6 H2Pt(OH)6 PtBr2 PtCl2
16941-12-1 51850-20-5 13455-12-4 10025-65-7
409.818 299.144 354.892 265.990
col liq col gas col gas yel cry silv-gray metal; cub hyg yel-brn cry yel needles red-brn powder grn hex cry
2067 2068 2069
Platinum(II) cyanide Platinum(II) iodide Platinum(II) oxide
Pt(CN)2 PtI2 PtO
592-06-3 7790-39-8 12035-82-4
247.118 448.893 211.083
pale yel cry blk powder blk tetr cry
2070 2071 2072 2073 2074 2075 2076 2077 2078
Platinum(II) sulfide Platinum(III) bromide Platinum(III) chloride Platinum(IV) bromide Platinum(IV) chloride Platinum(IV) chloride pentahydrate Platinum(IV) fluoride Platinum(IV) iodide Platinum(IV) oxide
PtS PtBr3 PtCl3 PtBr4 PtCl4 PtCl4 ∙ 5H2O PtF4 PtI4 PtO2
12038-20-9 25985-07-3 25909-39-1 68938-92-1 37773-49-2 13454-96-1 13455-15-7 7790-46-7 1314-15-4
227.149 434.796 301.443 514.700 336.896 426.972 271.078 702.702 227.083
tetr cry grn-blk cry grn-blk cry brn-blk cry red-brn cub cry red cry red cry brn-blk powder blk hex cry
600 130 dec 450
2079 2080 2081 2082 2083
PtS2 PtF6 Pt(NH3)2Cl2 Pt(NH3)2Cl2 H2PtCl6 ∙ 6H2O
12038-21-0 13693-05-5 15663-27-1 14913-33-8 16941-12-1
259.214 309.074 300.051 300.051 517.909
hex cry red cub cry yel solid pale yel solid brn-yel hyg cry
61.3 270 dec 270 dec 60
2084 2085
Platinum(IV) sulfide Platinum(VI) fluoride cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum trans-Diamminedichloroplatinum Hexachloroplatinic acid hexahydrate Platinum silicide Plutonium
PtSi Pu
12137-83-6 7440-07-5
223.170 244
2086 2087 2088 2089 2090 2091 2092 2093
Plutonium nitride Plutonium(II) oxide Plutonium(III) bromide Plutonium(III) chloride Plutonium(III) fluoride Plutonium(III) iodide Plutonium(III) oxide Plutonium(IV) fluoride
PuN PuO PuBr3 PuCl3 PuF3 PuI3 Pu2O3 PuF4
12033-54-4 12035-83-5 15752-46-2 13569-62-5 13842-83-6 13813-46-2 12036-34-9 13709-56-3
258 260 484 350 301 625 536 320
2094 2095 2096 2097 2098 2099
Plutonium(IV) oxide Plutonium(VI) fluoride Polonium Polonium(IV) chloride Polonium(IV) oxide Potassium
PuO2 PuF6 Po PoCl4 PoO2 K
12059-95-9 13693-06-6 7440-08-6 10026-02-5 7446-06-2 7440-09-7
276 358 209 351 241 39.098
2100
Potassium acetate
KC2H3O2
127-08-2
98.142
orth cry silv-wh metal; monocl gray cub cry cub cry grn orth cry grn hex cry purp hex cry grn orth cry; hyg blk cub cry red-brn monocl cry yel-brn cub cry red-brn orth cry silv metal; cub yel hyg cry yel cub cry soft silv-wh metal; cub wh hyg cry
212 dec 125.3 35.5 125
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility reac H2O; s bz, eth, chl
1.645
reac H2O, EtOH
4.922 g/L 4.250 g/L
reac H2O
2.85
1.635
reac H2O; s bz, ctc, chl, CS2
5.579 g/L 4.906 g/L 21.5
60 dec 100 250 dec 581 dec
6.65 6.0
325 dec 325 dec
6.4 14.1
i acid; s aqua regia s H2O, EtOH s H2O, acid, dil alk i H2O i H2O, EtOH, eth; s HCl i H2O, acid, alk i H2O i H2O, EtOH; s aqua regia
10.25 200 dec 435 dec 180 dec 327 dec
1229 640
5.26 4.30 2.43
69.1
0.25325 0.03625 14018
962 390 759
s DMF, DMSO vs EtOH
12.4 19.7 14.4 14.0 6.75 5.71 9.33 6.92 10.5 7.1
681 760 1396 777 2085 1037
309
s H2O i H2O; s conc acid, dil alk
7.85 ≈4.0
2.43
3228
sl EtOH, eth s H2O, EtOH
11.8
2550
2390 51.6 254 ≈300 500 dec 63.5
0.4120 14225
s H2O s H2O i H2O; sl acid s H2O
11.5 5.08 9.20 s H2O, EtOH, ace
8.9 0.89 1.57
reac H2O 26925
s EtOH; i eth
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-82 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2101 2102 2103 2104
K2Al2O4 ∙ 3H2O KAlSi3O8 KAl(SO4)2 KAl(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
12003-63-3* 1327-44-2 10043-67-1 7784-24-9
250.204 278.332 258.205 474.389
wh orth cry col monocl cry wh hyg powder col cry
2105
Potassium aluminate trihydrate Potassium aluminum silicate Potassium aluminum sulfate Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate Potassium amide
KNH2
17242-52-3
55.121
2106 2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112
Potassium arsenate Potassium arsenite Potassium azide Potassium borohydride Potassium bromate Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate
K3AsO4 KAsO2 KN3 KBH4 KBrO3 KBr K2CO3
13464-36-3 13464-35-2 20762-60-1 13762-51-1 7758-01-2 7758-02-3 584-08-7
256.215 146.019 81.118 53.941 167.000 119.002 138.206
2113 2114 2115 2116
Potassium carbonate sesquihydrate Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride Potassium chlorochromate
K2CO3 ∙ 1.5H2O KClO3 KCl KCrO3Cl
6381-79-9 3811-04-9 7447-40-7 16037-50-6
165.229 122.549 74.551 174.545
wh/yel-grn hyg cry col cry wh hyg powder tetr cry; exp wh cub cry wh hex cry col cub cry; hyg wh monocl cry; hyg granular cry wh monocl cry wh cub cry oran cry
2117 2118 2119
Potassium chromate Potassium citrate monohydrate Potassium cobalt(II) selenate hexahydrate Potassium cyanate Potassium cyanide Potassium cyanoaurite
K2CrO4 K3C6H5O7 ∙ H2O K2Co(SeO4)2 ∙ 6H2O
7789-00-6 6100-05-6 28041-86-3
194.191 324.410 531.14
yel orth cry col hyg cry red monocl cry
974 180 dec
2.73 1.98 2.51
65.025 17220
KCNO KCN KAu(CN)2
590-28-3 151-50-8 13967-50-5
81.115 65.116 288.099
wh tetr cry wh cub cry; hyg col cry
≈700 dec 622
2.05 1.55 3.45
7525 69.920 1420
K2Cr2O7 KH2AsO4 KH2PO4 KH2PO3
7778-50-9 7784-41-0 7778-77-0 13977-65-6
294.185 180.034 136.085 120.086
398 288 253
2.68 2.87 2.34
15.125 196 25.025
K2S2O6 K3Fe(CN)6 K4Fe(CN)6 ∙ 3H2O KF KF ∙ 2H2O KBF4 K2TaF7 KCHO2 K2OsCl6 K2PtCl6 K3Co(CN)6 K2MnF6
13455-20-4 13746-66-2 14459-95-1 7789-23-3 13455-21-5 14075-53-7 16924-00-8 590-29-4 16871-60-6 16921-30-5 13963-58-1 16962-31-5
238.323 329.244 422.388 58.096 94.127 125.903 392.134 84.116 481.15 485.999 332.332 247.125
oran-red tricl cry col cry wh tetr cry col monocl hyg cry col hex cry red cry yel monocl cry wh cub cry monocl cry col orth cry col cry col hyg cry red cub cry yel-oran cub cry yel monocl cry yel hex cry
2.27 1.89 1.85 2.48 2.5 2.505 5.24 1.91
48.825 36.025 10225 10225 0.5525 0.50 33118
K2SiF6 K2ZrF6 KH K2HAsO4 KHCO3 KHF2 KH(IO3)2 KHC2O4 ∙ 0.5H2O
16871-90-2 16923-95-8 7693-26-7 21093-83-4 298-14-6 7789-29-9 13455-24-8 127-95-7
220.273 283.411 40.106 218.125 100.115 78.103 389.911
K2HPO4 K2HPO3 KHSeO3 KHSO4
7758-11-4 13492-26-7 7782-70-9 7646-93-7
174.176 158.177 167.06 136.169
2120 2121 2122 2123 2124 2125 2126 2127 2128 2129 2130 2131 2132 2133 2134 2135 2136 2137 2138 2139 2140 2141 2142 2143 2144 2145 2146 2147 2148 2149 2150 2151 2152
Potassium dichromate Potassium dihydrogen arsenate Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Potassium dihydrogen phosphonate Potassium dithionate Potassium ferricyanide Potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate Potassium fluoride Potassium fluoride dihydrate Potassium fluoroborate Potassium fluorotantalate Potassium formate Potassium hexachloroosmate(IV) Potassium hexachloroplatinate Potassium hexacyanocobaltate Potassium hexafluoromanganate(IV) Potassium hexafluorosilicate Potassium hexafluorozirconate(IV) Potassium hydride Potassium hydrogen arsenate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Potassium hydrogen fluoride Potassium hydrogen iodate Potassium hydrogen oxalate hemihydrate Potassium hydrogen phosphate Potassium hydrogen phosphite Potassium hydrogen selenite Potassium hydrogen sulfate
KHS KHS ∙ 0.5H2O
1310-61-8 1310-61-8*
72.171 81.179
2153 2154 2155 2156
Potassium hydrogen sulfide Potassium hydrogen sulfide hemihydrate Potassium hydrogen sulfite Potassium hydrogen tartrate Potassium hydroxide Potassium hypochlorite
KHSO3 KHC4H4O6 KOH KOCl
7773-03-7 868-14-4 1310-58-3 7778-66-7
120.169 188.177 56.105 90.550
2157
Potassium phosphinate
KH2PO2
7782-87-8
104.087
bp/°C
Density g cm–3 2.13 2.56
≈100 dec
1.72
Solubility g/100 g H20 5.920 5.920
335
≈500 dec 434 dec 734 899
357 771
dec dec 60 dec 858 41 dec 530 730 167
vs H2O; i EtOH i H2O
reac H2O, EtOH
1435 dec
dec
≈500 dec
1502
2.8
12525
2.04 1.11 3.27 2.74 2.29
49.717
2.34 1.988 2.5
8.1725 67.825 11125 11120 8.6125 35.525
250 dec dec
3.50 1.91
0.7720
wh cry col monocl cry cub cry col monocl prisms col monocl cry col tetr cry col cry wh cry
dec
2.27 3.48 1.43
0.08420 0.782
wh hyg cry wh hyg powder hyg orth cry wh monocl cry; hyg wh hex cry; hyg wh-yel hyg cry
dec dec >100 dec ≈200
2.32
≈450 ≈175
1.69 1.7
619 300 dec ≈100 dec 238.8 dec dec
wh cry powder 190 dec wh cry wh rhomb cry; hyg 406 exists only in aq soln wh hyg cry dec
Qualitative solubility
2.17 2.37 2.09
18.76 36.225 39.220 1.315 2.520 16825 17020
1327
1.98 2.044
50.625
s H2O; sl EtOH s H2O i EtOH sl EtOH i EtOH
i eth, ace reac H2O; s ace, acid vs H2O; sl EtOH
sl EtOH sl EtOH s H2O; sl EtOH; i eth, ace i EtOH sl EtOH
sl H2O; i EtOH i EtOH, eth
sl EtOH
vs H2O; sl EtOH i EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH reac H2O i EtOH reac H2O i EtOH i EtOH i EtOH sl H2O; i EtOH sl EtOH s EtOH i EtOH s H2O; sl EtOH
s H2O, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH 4920 0.5720 12125
i EtOH s acid, alk; i EtOH s EtOH; s MeOH
vs H2O; s EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
KIO3 KI K3Fe(C2O4)3 ∙ 3H2O
7758-05-6 7681-11-0
214.001 166.003 491.243
wh monocl cry col cub cry grn monocl cry
560 dec 681 100
1323 230 dec
3.89 3.12 2.133
K2MnO4 KAsO3 K2S2O5 KBO2 K2MoO4 KNbO3 KNO3
10294-64-1 19197-73-0 16731-55-8 13709-94-9 13446-49-6 12030-85-2 7757-79-1
197.133 162.018 222.324 81.908 238.14 180.002 101.103
190 dec 660 ≈150 dec 947 919 ≈1100 334
KNO2 K2C2O4 K2C2O4 ∙ H2O K2O KBrO4 K2C2O6 ∙ H2O
7758-09-0 583-52-8 6487-48-5 12136-45-7 22207-96-1 589-97-9
85.104 166.216 184.231 94.196 183.000 216.230
grn cry wh solid wh powder wh hex cry wh hyg cry wh rhomb cry col orth cry or powder wh hyg cry wh pwd col cry gray cub cry wh cry oran or blue pow
438
KClO4 KIO4 KMnO4 K2O2 K2S2O8 K3PO4 K4P2O7 K4P2O7 ∙ 3H2O
7778-74-7 7790-21-8 7722-64-7 17014-71-0 7727-21-1 7778-53-2 7320-34-5 7790-67-2
138.549 230.001 158.034 110.196 270.322 212.266
K2S2O7 K2SeO4 K2Se K2SeO3 KAg(CN)2 KNaC4H4O6 ∙ 4H2O
No.
Name
Formula
2158 2159 2160
Potassium iodate Potassium iodide Potassium iron(III) oxalate trihydrate Potassium manganate Potassium metaarsenate Potassium metabisulfite Potassium metaborate Potassium molybdate Potassium niobate Potassium nitrate
2161 2162 2163 2164 2165 2166 2167 2168 2169 2170 2171 2172 2173
4-83
2188 2189
Potassium nitrite Potassium oxalate Potassium oxalate monohydrate Potassium oxide Potassium perbromate Potassium percarbonate monohydrate Potassium perchlorate Potassium periodate Potassium permanganate Potassium peroxide Potassium persulfate Potassium phosphate Potassium pyrophosphate Potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate Potassium pyrosulfate Potassium selenate Potassium selenide Potassium selenite Potassium silver cyanide Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate Potassium stannate trihydrate Potassium stearate
2190 2191
Potassium sulfate Potassium sulfide
K2SO4 K2S
7778-80-5 1312-73-8
174.260 110.262
2192 2193 2194
Potassium sulfide pentahydrate Potassium sulfite Potassium sulfite dihydrate
K2S ∙ 5H2O K2SO3 K2SO3 ∙ 2H2O
37248-34-3 10117-38-1 7790-56-9
200.338 158.260 194.291
wh orth cry red-yel cub cry; hyg col rhomb cry col hex cry wh monocl cry
2195 2196 2197 2198 2199
KO2 K2TeO4 ∙ 3H2O K2TeO3 K2B4O7 ∙ 5H2O KAuCl4 ∙ 2H2O
12030-88-5 15571-91-2* 7790-58-1 1332-77-0 13682-61-6
71.097 323.84 253.80 323.513 413.908
yel tetr cry; hyg wh cry powder wh hyg cry wh cry powder yel monocl cry
380
K2PtCl4 K2Cd(CN)4 K2[Ni(CN)4] ∙ H2O
10025-99-7 14402-75-6 14220-17-8*
415.093 294.678 258.975
pink-red tetr cry cub cry red-oran cry
500 dec ≈450 dec 100
K2Pt(CN)4 ∙ 3H2O
562-76-5*
431.397
col rhomb prisms
2204 2205
Potassium superoxide Potassium tellurate(VI) trihydrate Potassium tellurite Potassium tetraborate pentahydrate Potassium tetrachloroaurate dihydrate Potassium tetrachloroplatinate Potassium tetracyanocadmate Potassium tetracyanonickelate monohydrate Potassium tetracyanoplatinate(II) trihydrate Potassium tetracyanozincate Potassium tetraiodomercurate(II)
K2Zn(CN)4 K2HgI4
14244-62-3 7783-33-7
247.676 786.40
cry pow yel hyg cry
2206 2207 2208 2209
Potassium thiocyanate Potassium thiosulfate Potassium titanate Potassium triiodide monohydrate
KSCN K2S2O3 K2TiO3 KI3 ∙ H2O
333-20-0 10294-66-3 12030-97-6 7790-42-3
97.181 190.325 174.062 437.827
2210 2211 2212 2213
Potassium triiodozincate Potassium thiocarbonate Potassium tungstate Potassium uranate
KZnI3 K2CS3 K2WO4 K2U2O7
7790-43-4 26750-66-3 7790-60-5 7790-63-8
485.221 186.403 326.04 666.251
col tetr cry; hyg col hyg cry wh orth cry brn monocl cry; hyg hyg cry yel-red hyg cry hyg cry oran cub cry
2174 2175 2176 2177 2178 2179 2180 2181 2182 2183 2184 2185 2186 2187
2200 2201 2202 2203
384.383
525 582 dec 490 ≈100 dec 1340 dec 1300 dec 300
7790-62-7 7790-59-2 1312-74-9 10431-47-7 506-61-6 6381-59-5
254.323 221.16 157.16 205.16 199.000 282.220
col needles wh powder red cub cry; hyg wh hyg cry wh cry wh cry
≈325
K2SnO3 ∙ 3H2O KC18H35O2
12142-33-5* 593-29-3
298.951 322.568
col cry wh pow 1069 948
sl EtOH i EtOH
49.525
reac acid; i EtOH
18325
400 dec
2.3 ≈2.3 2.3 4.64 2.105
i EtOH i H2O i EtOH
537 exp
1.915
31225
2.13 2.35
36.420
38.325
4.2125 6.520
exp
2.52 3.618 2.7
2.0825 0.5125 7.6025
2.48 2.564
4.720 10625
2.33 2.28 3.07 2.29
800 875 dec ≈70 dec
9.2225 14825 4.70
Qualitative solubility
s H2O; reac HCl
160 dec 740 275 dec
col orth cry; hyg col tetr cry purp orth cry yel amorp solid col cry wh orth cry; hyg wh cry col hyg cry
Solubility g/100 g H20
11425 21725
anh at 130
1.79 3.20
2.66 1.74
12.025
60 10625 10720
dec 2.16
≈460 dec 16.530
3.38 1.85
2520
sl EtOH sl H2O s H2O, EtOH, eth
reac EtOH reac H2O i EtOH s H2 vs H2O; i EtOH s H2O s H2O sl EtOH s H2O vs H2O; i EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH sl cold H2O; s hot H2O, EtOH i EtOH s H2O, EtOH; i eth vs H2O, EtOH; i eth sl EtOH sl EtOH; dec dil acid reac H2O s H2O vs H2O sl EtOH s H2O, EtOH, eth s H2O; i EtOH sl EtOH
s H2O
4.29 173
500 dec
1.88
1515 225 dec
3.1 3.5
921
3.12 6.12
23825 16525
vs H2O vs H2O; s EtOH, eth, ace s EtOH i EtOH reac H2O s H2O; reac EtOH, eth vs H2O vs H2O vs H2O; i EtOH i H2O; s acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-84 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2214 2215 2216 2217
Potassium uranyl nitrate Potassium uranyl sulfate dihydrate Potassium zinc sulfate hexahydrate Potassium zirconium sulfate trihydrate Praseodymium Praseodymium boride Praseodymium nitride Praseodymium silicide Praseodymium(II) iodide Praseodymium(III) bromate Praseodymium(III) bromide Praseodymium(III) carbonate octahydrate Praseodymium(III) chloride
K(UO2)(NO3)3 K2(UO2)(SO4)2 ∙ 2H2O K2Zn(SO4)2 ∙ 6H2O K4Zr(SO4)4 ∙ 3H2O
18078-40-5 27709-53-1 13932-17-7 53608-79-0
495.140 576.381 443.823 685.914
grn-yel cry pow grn-yel cry pow cry wh cry pow
Pr PrB6 PrN PrSi2 PrI2 Pr(BrO3)3 PrBr3 Pr2(CO3)3 ∙ 8H2O
7440-10-0 12008-27-4 25764-09-4 12066-83-0 65530-47-4 15162-93-3 13536-53-3 14948-62-0
140.908 205.774 154.915 197.079 394.717 524.615 380.620 605.964
silv metal; hex blk cub cry cub cry tetr cry bronze solid grn cry grn hex cry; hyg grn silky plates
PrCl3
10361-79-2
247.267
PrCl3 ∙ 7H2O
10025-90-8
373.374
grn hex needles; hyg grn cry
PrF3 Pr(OH)3 PrI3 Pr(NO3)3 Pr(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O
13709-46-1 16469-16-2 13813-23-5 10361-80-5 15878-77-0
197.903 191.930 521.621 326.923 435.014
grn hex cry grn solid orth hyg cry pale grn hyg cry grn needles
1399 dec 220 738
Pr2O3 Pr(ClO4)3 ∙ 6H2O
12036-32-7 13498-07-2*
329.813 547.351
wh hex cry hyg grn cry
2183 dec 200
Pr2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O
13510-41-3
714.125
grn monocl cry
Pr2S3 Pr2Te3 PrF4 Pm PmBr3 PmCl3 PmF3 PmI3 Pa
12038-13-0 12038-12-9 15192-24-2 7440-12-2 14325-78-1 13779-10-7 13709-45-0 13818-73-0 7440-13-3
378.010 664.62 216.902 145 385 251 202 526 231.036
cub cry cub cry yel-wh solid silv metal; hex red cry pale blue hyg cry pink solid red solid shiny metal; tetr or cub yel monocl cry wh metal; cub wh orth cry wh orth cry wh orth cry wh cub cry cry wh cry col gas silv-gray metal exists only in soln yel-wh cry wh cry wh cry red-brn monocl cry red-blk hyg cry blk solid purp-blk cry; hyg blue tetr cry gray orth cry tricl cry refrac solid tricl cry orth cry brn solid brn-blk solid yel-grn solid blue-blk tetr cry
2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2223 2224 2225 2226 2227
2236 2237 2238 2239 2240 2241 2242 2243 2244
Praseodymium(III) chloride heptahydrate Praseodymium(III) fluoride Praseodymium(III) hydroxide Praseodymium(III) iodide Praseodymium(III) nitrate Praseodymium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Praseodymium(III) oxide Praseodymium(III) perchlorate hexahydrate Praseodymium(III) sulfate octahydrate Praseodymium(III) sulfide Praseodymium(III) telluride Praseodymium(IV) fluoride Promethium Promethium(III) bromide Promethium(III) chloride Promethium(III) fluoride Promethium(III) iodide Protactinium
2245 2246 2247 2248 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2254 2255 2256 2257 2258 2259
Protactinium(V) chloride Radium Radium bromide Radium carbonate Radium chloride Radium fluoride Radium nitrate Radium sulfate Radon Rhenium Perrhenic acid Rhenium carbonyl Rhenium pentacarbonyl bromide Rhenium pentacarbonyl chloride Rhenium(III) bromide
PaCl5 Ra RaBr2 RaCO3 RaCl2 RaF2 Ra(NO3)2 RaSO4 Rn Re HReO4 Re2(CO)10 Re(CO)5Br Re(CO)5Cl ReBr3
13760-41-3 7440-14-4 10031-23-9 7116-98-5 10025-66-8 20610-49-5 10213-12-4 7446-16-4 10043-92-2 7440-15-5 13768-11-1 14285-68-8 14220-21-4 14099-01-5 13569-49-8
408.301 226 386 286 297 264 350 322 222 186.207 251.213 652.515 406.162 361.711 425.919
2260 2261 2262 2263 2264 2265 2266 2267 2268 2269 2270 2271 2272
Rhenium(III) chloride Rhenium(III) iodide Rhenium(IV) chloride Rhenium(IV) fluoride Rhenium(IV) oxide Rhenium(IV) selenide Rhenium(IV) silicide Rhenium(IV) sulfide Rhenium(IV) telluride Rhenium(V) bromide Rhenium(V) chloride Rhenium(V) fluoride Rhenium(V) oxide
ReCl3 ReI3 ReCl4 ReF4 ReO2 ReSe2 ReSi2 ReS2 ReTe2 ReBr5 ReCl5 ReF5 Re2O5
13569-63-6 15622-42-1 13569-71-6 15192-42-4 12036-09-8 12038-64-1 12038-66-3 12038-63-0 12067-00-4 30937-53-2 39368-69-9 30937-52-1 12165-05-8
292.566 566.920 328.019 262.201 218.206 344.13 242.378 250.337 441.41 585.727 363.472 281.199 452.411
2228 2229 2230 2231 2232 2233 2234 2235
bp/°C
dec 120
931 2610
Density g cm–3 3.36
3520
1712 758
5.28
786
4.0
110 dec
vs H2O vs H2O s H2O sl H2O
vs H2O s H2O i H2O; s acid 96.125
s EtOH
96.125
s EtOH
16525 16525
i H2O s H2O s EtOH s EtOH, ace
6.3 3.7 ≈5.8
3760
Qualitative solubility
6.77 4.84 7.46 5.46
693 dec 420 (anh)
6.9 s H2O, EtOH 2.83
1765 1500 dec 90 1042 625 655 1338 695 1572
Solubility g/100 g H20
1720
s H2O
5.1 ≈7.0 3000
7.26 s H2O s H2O s H2O 15.4
306 696 728
3.74 5 5.79
1000
4.9 6.7
70.620 24.520
s EtOH i H2O s EtOH
13.9 -71 3185
-61.7 5596
170 dec 90 subl 140 500 subl 500 dec dec 300 dec >300 subl 900 dec
2.87
i H2O, acid sl H2O i HCl vs H2O, os s os
6.10
s ace, MeOH, EtOH
4.81
s H2O
9.074 g/L 20.8
4.9 7.49 11.4
2000 7.6 8.50 110 dec 220 48
4.9 221.3 ≈7
reac H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-85
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2273 2274 2275 2276 2277 2278 2279 2280
Rhenium(VI) chloride Rhenium(VI) dioxydifluoride Rhenium(VI) fluoride Rhenium(VI) oxide Rhenium(VI) oxytetrachloride Rhenium(VI) oxytetrafluoride Rhenium(VII) fluoride Rhenium(VII) oxide
ReCl6 ReO2F2 ReF6 ReO3 ReOCl4 ReOF4 ReF7 Re2O7
31234-26-1 81155-18-2 10049-17-9 1314-28-9 13814-76-1 17026-29-8 17029-21-9 1314-68-7
398.925 256.203 300.197 234.205 344.018 278.200 319.196 484.410
red-grn solid col cry yel liq or cub cry red cub cry brn cry blue solid yel cub cry yel hyg cry
29 156 18.5 400 dec 29.3 108 48.3 327
223 171.7 73.7 360
2281 2282 2283 2284 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2290 2291 2292 2293
Rhenium(VII) trioxychloride Rhenium(VII) trioxyfluoride Rhenium(VII) dioxytrifluoride Rhenium(VII) oxypentafluoride Rhenium(VII) sulfide Rhodium Rhodium carbonyl Rhodium carbonyl chloride Rhodium dodecacarbonyl Rhodium(III) bromide Rhodium(III) chloride Rhodium(III) fluoride Rhodium(III) iodide
ReO3Cl ReO3F ReO2F3 ReOF5 Re2S7 Rh Rh6(CO)16 [Rh(CO)2Cl]2 Rh4(CO)12 RhBr3 RhCl3 RhF3 RhI3
7791-09-5 42246-24-2 57246-89-6 23377-53-9 12038-67-4 7440-16-6 28407-51-4 14523-22-9 19584-30-6 15608-29-4 10049-07-7 60804-25-3 15492-38-3
269.658 253.203 275.201 297.198 596.869 102.906 1065.594 388.758 747.743 342.618 209.265 159.901 483.619
4.5 147 90 43.8
128 164 185.4 73.0
1964 220 dec 124 150 dec 800 dec
3695
2294 2295 2296 2297 2298 2299 2300 2301 2302 2303 2304 2305
Rh(NO3)3 Rh(NO3)3 ∙ 2H2O Rh2O3 Rh2O3 ∙ 5H2O Rh2(SO4)3 RhO2 RhO2 ∙ 2H2O RhF6 Rb RbC2H3O2 RbAl(SO4)2 RbAl(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
10139-58-9 13465-43-5 12036-35-0 39373-27-8 10489-46-0 12137-27-8 12137-27-8 13693-07-7 7440-17-7 563-67-7 13530-57-9 7784-29-4
288.921 324.951 253.809 309.010 493.999 134.905 170.936 216.896 85.468 144.512 304.575 520.759
2306 2307 2308 2309
Rhodium(III) nitrate Rhodium(III) nitrate dihydrate Rhodium(III) oxide Rhodium(III) oxide pentahydrate Rhodium(III) sulfate Rhodium(IV) oxide Rhodium(IV) oxide dihydrate Rhodium(VI) fluoride Rubidium Rubidium acetate Rubidium aluminum sulfate Rubidium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate Rubidium azide Rubidium bromate Rubidium bromide Rubidium carbonate
col liq yel solid yel solid cream solid brn-blk tetr cry silv-wh metal; cub red-brn cry red-oran cry red hyg cry dark brn plates red monocl cry red hex cry blk monocl cry; hyg hyg brn solid blk solid gray hex cry yel pow red-yel solid blk tetr cry grn solid blk cub cry soft silv metal; cub wh hyg cry hex cry col cub cry
RbN3 RbBrO3 RbBr Rb2CO3
22756-36-1 13446-70-3 7789-39-1 584-09-8
127.488 213.370 165.372 230.945
317 430 692 837
2310 2311 2312 2313
Rubidium chlorate Rubidium chloride Rubidium chromate Rubidium dichromate
RbClO3 RbCl Rb2CrO4 Rb2Cr2O7
13446-71-4 7791-11-9 13446-72-5 13446-73-6
168.919 120.921 286.930 386.924
2314 2315 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323
Rubidium cyanide Rubidium fluoride Rubidium fluoroborate Rubidium formate Rubidium hexafluorogermanate Rubidium hydride Rubidium hydrogen carbonate Rubidium hydrogen fluoride Rubidium hydrogen sulfate Rubidium hydroxide
RbCN RbF RbBF4 RbCHO2 Rb2GeF6 RbH RbHCO3 RbHF2 RbHSO4 RbOH
19073-56-4 13446-74-7 18909-68-7 3495-35-0 16962-48-4 13446-75-8 19088-74-5 12280-64-7 15587-72-1 1310-82-3
111.486 104.466 172.273 130.486 357.57 86.476 146.485 124.473 182.539 102.475
2324 2325 2326 2327 2328 2329
Rubidium iodate Rubidium iodide Rubidium molybdate Rubidium nitrate Rubidium nitrite Rubidium oxide
RbIO3 RbI Rb2MoO4 RbNO3 RbNO2 Rb2O
13446-76-9 7790-29-6 13718-22-4 13126-12-0 13825-25-7 18088-11-4
260.370 212.372 330.87 147.473 131.474 186.935
2330 2331 2332 2333
Rubidium perchlorate Rubidium permanganate Rubidium peroxide Rubidium selenide
RbClO4 RbMnO4 Rb2O2 Rb2Se
13510-42-4 13465-49-1 23611-30-5 31052-43-4
184.919 204.404 202.935 249.90
tetr cry; exp cub cry wh cub cry; hyg col monocl cry; hyg col cry wh cub cry; hyg yel rhom cry red tricl or yel monocl cry wh cub cry wh cub cry; hyg orth cry wh hyg cry wh cry wh cub cry; flam wh rhomb cry tetr cry col monocl cry gray-wh orth cry; hyg monocl or cub cry wh cub cry wh cry wh hex cry; hyg wh cry yel-brn cub cry; hyg wh hyg cry dark purp cry wh orth cry wh cub cry
bp/°C
33.8
717
600 dec dec 1100 dec dec >500 dec dec ≈70 39.30 246
795 612 dec dec 696 ≈170 dec 175 dec 188 208 385 dec 656 958 310 422 400 dec 597 300 dec 570 733
Solubility g/100 g H20
4.06(cry) 6.9
Qualitative solubility
s HNO3 i H2O, acid, alk reac H2O
4.32 6.10
s H2O, EtOH, eth, diox, py reac H2O
3.87
reac H2O 4.87 12.4
i H2O i acid, sl aqua regia s os reac H2O s H2O; i acid, os i H2O; s alk
2.52 5.56 5.38 5.4 6.4
i H2O i H2O; s aqua regia 8.2 sl H2O; s acid
688
≈100 dec
324 724
Density g cm–3
1340
dec 480 1390
1410
7.2 8.20 3.1 1.53
i H2O, sol HCl, alk
≈3.1 ≈1.9
1.6020
2.79 3.68 3.35
10716 2.9525 11625 22320
3.19 2.76 3.518 3.1
6.6325 93.925 76.225
2.3 3.2 2.82
30020
11620 3.3 2.9 3.2
17330
4.33 3.55
2.4425 16525
3.11
65.025
4.0 dec 900
2.9 3.24 3.8 3.22
sl H2O sl EtOH s H2O
2.60
1300
reac H2O vs H2O i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH
s H2O; i EtOH, eth i EtOH sl H2O s H2O reac H2O
s H2O s EtOH vs HCl s EtOH s H2O vs H2O vs H2O reac H2O
1.525 sl H2O reac H2O reac H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-86 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2334 2335 2336 2337 2338 2339
Rubidium sulfate Rubidium sulfide Rubidium superoxide Ruthenium Ruthenium dodecacarbonyl Ruthenium pentacarbonyl
Rb2SO4 Rb2S RbO2 Ru Ru3(CO)12 Ru(CO)5
7488-54-2 31083-74-6 12137-25-6 7440-18-8 15243-33-1 16406-48-7
266.999 203.001 117.467 101.07 639.33 241.12
wh orth cry wh cub cry tetr cry silv-wh metal; hex oran cry col liq
2340 2341
Ru2(CO)9 Ru(NO)Cl3 ∙ H2O
63128-11-0 18902-42-6
454.23 255.45
stab below -40 hyg red cry
2342 2343 2344 2345 2346 2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352
Ruthenium nonacarbonyl Ruthenium nitrosyl chloride monohydrate Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride Ruthenium(III) bromide Ruthenium(III) chloride Ruthenium(III) fluoride Ruthenium(III) iodide Ruthenium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate Ruthenium(IV) fluoride Ruthenium(IV) oxide Ruthenium(V) fluoride Ruthenium(VI) fluoride Ruthenium(VIII) oxide
Ru(NH3)6Cl3 RuBr3 RuCl3 RuF3 RuI3 Ru(CH3COCHCOCH3)3 RuF4 RuO2 RuF5 RuF6 RuO4
14282-91-8 14014-88-1 10049-08-8 51621-05-7 13896-65-6 14284-93-6 71500-16-8 12036-10-1 14521-18-7 13693-08-8 20427-56-9
309.61 340.78 207.43 158.07 481.78 398.39 177.06 133.07 196.06 215.06 165.07
col monocl cry brn hex cry blk-brn hex cry brn rhomb cry blk hex cry red-brn cry yel-red cry gray-blk tetr cry grn monocl cry dark brn orth cry yel monocl prisms
2353 2354 2355 2356 2357 2358 2359 2360 2361 2362 2363 2364 2365 2366 2367 2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 2374 2375 2376 2377 2378 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386
Samarium Samarium boride Samarium silicide Samarium(II) bromide Samarium(II) chloride Samarium(II) fluoride Samarium(II) iodide Samarium(III) acetate trihydrate Samarium(III) bromate nonahydrate Samarium(III) bromide Samarium(III) carbonate Samarium(III) chloride Samarium(III) chloride hexahydrate Samarium(III) fluoride Samarium(III) iodide Samarium(III) nitrate Samarium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Samarium(III) oxide Samarium(III) sulfate octahydrate Samarium(III) sulfide Samarium(III) telluride Scandium Scandium boride Scandium bromide Scandium chloride Scandium fluoride Scandium hydroxide Scandium iodide Scandium nitrate Scandium oxide Scandium sulfate pentahydrate Scandium sulfide Scandium telluride Selenium (gray)
Sm SmB6 SmSi2 SmBr2 SmCl2 SmF2 SmI2 Sm(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 3H2O Sm(BrO3)3 ∙ 9H2O SmBr3 Sm2(CO3)3 SmCl3 SmCl3 ∙ 6H2O SmF3 SmI3 Sm(NO3)3 Sm(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Sm2O3 Sm2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Sm2S3 Sm2Te3 Sc ScB2 ScBr3 ScCl3 ScF3 Sc(OH)3 ScI3 Sc(NO3)3 Sc2O3 Sc2(SO4)3 ∙ 5H2O Sc2S3 Sc2Te3 Se
7440-19-9 12008-30-9 12300-22-0 50801-97-3 13874-75-4 15192-17-3 32248-43-4 17829-86-6 63427-22-5 13759-87-0 5895-47-6 10361-82-7 13465-55-9 13765-24-7 13813-25-7 10361-83-8 13759-83-6 12060-58-1 13465-58-2 12067-22-0 12040-00-5 7440-20-2 12007-34-0 13465-59-3 10361-84-9 13709-47-2 17674-34-9 14474-33-0 13465-60-6 12060-08-1 15292-44-1 12166-29-9 12166-44-8 7782-49-2
150.36 215.23 206.53 310.17 221.27 188.36 404.17 381.54 696.20 390.07 480.75 256.72 364.81 207.36 531.07 336.38 444.47 348.72 733.03 396.92 683.52 44.956 66.578 284.668 151.315 101.951 95.978 425.669 230.971 137.910 468.176 186.107 472.71 78.96
2387
Selenium (α form)
Se
7782-49-2
78.96
silv metal; rhomb refrac solid orth cry brn cry brn cry purp cry grn cry hyg yel-wh solid pink hex cry yel cry wh-yel pow yel cry yel cry wh cry oran cry yel-wh hyg solid pale yel cry yel-wh cub cry yel cry gray-brn cub cry orth cry silv metal; hex refrac solid wh hyg cry wh hyg cry wh powder col amorp solid hyg yel cry wh cry wh cub cry col cry yel orth cry blk hex cry gray metallic cry; hex red monocl cry
2388
Selenium (vitreous)
Se
7782-49-2
78.96
blk amorp solid
2389 2390 2391 2392
Selenic acid Pentafluoroorthoselenic acid Selenous acid Selenium dioxide
H2SeO4 HOSeF5 H2SeO3 SeO2
7783-08-6 38989-47-8 7783-00-8 7446-08-4
144.97 190.96 128.97 110.96
2393
Selenium trioxide
SeO3
13768-86-0
126.96
wh hyg solid col solid wh hyg cry wh tetr needles or powder wh tetr cry; hyg
1066 425 412 2334 150 dec -22
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
4150
3.61 2.91 ≈3.0 12.1
s H2O i acid, aqua regia i H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, hc s hex
5.3 3.1 5.36 6.0
dec 1300 86.5 54 25.4
7.05 3.90 3.54 3.29
227 200 dec 40 1794
669 855
s H2O i H2O, acid, EtOH i H2O; sl EtOH i H2O, dil acid sl H2O reac H2O i H2O, acid
2.0320
reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O s H2O vs H2O; sl EtOH reac H2O
520 1.94
4.46 2.38
93.825 93.825
14425 78 2269
3780
1720 1541 2250 969 967 1552
2836
953
subl
7.6 2.93 5.87 7.31 2.99 3.17 9.33 2.4
reac H2O reac H2O s EtOH s H2O, MeOH, ace
2.6720
16925 2489 dec 110 1775
reac H2O sl H2O; vs ctc; reac EtOH
7.52 5.07 5.14 3.69
75 dec 640 dec >500 682 dec 1306 850
Qualitative solubility
50.825
dec 50
dec 500 ≈500 dec ≈600 dec dec 300 230
1072 2580
Solubility g/100 g H20
3.864
s H2O s H2O; i EtOH sl H2O i H2O; s dil acid s H2O, EtOH, CCD s EtOH s conc acid vs H2O
220.8
685
2.91 5.29 4.809
trans gray Se >120 trans gray Se 180 58 38 70 dec 340 tp
685
4.39
i H2O, EtOH; sl eth
685
4.28
i H2O; sl CS2
260 dec 47
2.95
vs H2O; reac EtOH
118
315 sp
3.0 3.95
subl
3.44
26422
i H2O, CS2
vs H2O; s EtOH s EtOH, MeOH; sl ace s H2O, os
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-87
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
2394
Selenium bromide
Se2Br2
7789-52-8
317.73
red liq
5
225 dec
3.60
2395
Selenium chloride
Se2Cl2
10025-68-0
228.83
yel-brn oily liq
-85
127 dec
2.774
2396
Selenium tetrabromide
SeBr4
7789-65-3
398.58
oran-red cry
123
2397 2398
Selenium tetrachloride Selenium tetrafluoride
SeCl4 SeF4
10026-03-6 13465-66-2
220.77 154.95
wh-yel cry col liq
305 tp -9.5
191.4 sp 101.6
2.6 2.75
2399 2400 2401
Selenium hexafluoride Selenium chloride pentafluoride Selenium oxybromide
SeF6 SeF5Cl SeOBr2
7783-79-1 34979-62-9 7789-51-7
192.95 209.41 254.77
col gas col gas red-yel solid
-34.6 tp -19 41.6
-46.6 sp 4.5 220 dec
7.887 g/L
2402
Selenium oxychloride
SeOCl2
7791-23-3
165.87
col or yel liq
8.5
177
2.44
2403 2404 2405 2406 2407 2408 2409 2410 2411
Selenium oxyfluoride Selenium oxytetrafluoride Selenium dioxydifluoride Selenium monosulfide Selenium disulfide Selenium sulfide (Se2S6) Selenium sulfide (Se4S4) Selenium sulfide (Se6S2) Silicon
SeOF2 SeOF4 SeO2F2 SeS SeS2 Se2S6 Se4S4 Se6S2 Si
7783-43-9 53319-44-1 14984-81-7 7446-34-6 7488-56-4 75926-26-0 75926-28-2 75926-30-6 7440-21-3
132.96 170.95 148.96 111.03 143.09 350.31 444.10 537.89 28.086
col liq unstab col liq col gas
15 12 -99.5
125 65 -8.4
2.8
reac H2O; s CS2, bz, ctc reac H2O; s ctc, chl, bz, tol reac H2O
6.089 g/L
reac H2O
100 121.5 113 dec 121.5 1414
3265
2.3296
2412
Silane
SiH4
7803-62-5
32.118
red-yel cry oran needles red cry oran cry gray cry or brn amorp solid col gas; flam
-185
-111.9
1.313 g/L
2413
Disilane
Si2H6
1590-87-0
62.219
col gas; flam
-129.4
-14.8
2.543 g/L
2414 2415 2416 2417 2418 2419 2420 2421 2422 2423 2424 2425 2426 2427 2428 2429 2430 2431 2432 2433 2434 2435 2436 2437 2438 2439 2440 2441 2442 2443 2444 2445 2446 2447 2448 2449
Trisilane Tetrasilane 2-Silyltrisilane Cyclopentasilane Pentasilane 2-Silyltetrasilane 2,2-Disilyltrisilane Cyclohexasilane Hexasilane 2-Silylpentasilane 3-Silylpentasilane Heptasilane Bromosilane Dibromosilane Tribromosilane Tetrabromosilane Bromotrichlorosilane Dibromodichlorosilane Tribromochlorosilane Hexabromosilane Octabromotrisilane Chlorosilane Dichlorosilane Trichlorosilane Tetrachlorosilane Chlorotrifluorosilane Dichlorodifluorosilane Trichlorofluorosilane Trichloroiodosilane Hexachlorodisilane Octachlorotrisilane Fluorosilane Difluorosilane Trifluorosilane Tetrafluorosilane Hexafluorodisilane
Si3H8 Si4H10 Si4H10 Si5H10 Si5H12 Si5H12 Si5H12 Si6H12 Si6H14 Si6H14 Si6H14 Si7H16 SiH3Br SiH2Br2 SiHBr3 SiBr4 SiBrCl3 SiBr2Cl2 SiBr3Cl Si2Br6 Si3Br8 SiH3Cl SiH2Cl2 SiHCl3 SiCl4 SiClF3 SiCl2F2 SiCl3F SiCl3I Si2Cl6 Si3Cl8 SiH3F SiH2F2 SiHF3 SiF4 Si2F6
7783-26-8 7783-29-1 13597-87-0 289-22-5 14868-53-2 14868-54-3 15947-57-6 291-59-8 14693-61-9 14868-55-4 14868-55-4 14693-65-3 13465-73-1 13768-94-0 7789-57-3 7789-66-4 13465-74-2 13465-75-3 13465-76-4 13517-13-0 54804-32-9 13465-78-6 4109-96-0 10025-78-2 10026-04-7 14049-36-6 18356-71-3 14965-52-7 13465-85-5 13465-77-5 13596-23-1 13537-33-2 13824-36-7 13465-71-9 7783-61-1 13830-68-7
92.321 122.421 122.421 150.507 152.523 152.523 152.523 180.608 182.624 182.624 182.624 212.726 111.014 189.910 268.806 347.702 214.349 258.800 303.251 535.595 723.489 66.563 101.008 135.453 169.898 120.534 136.989 153.443 261.349 268.889 367.881 50.108 68.099 86.089 104.080 170.161
flam col liq col liq; flam col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq col liq col gas liq flam liq col fuming liq col liq col liq col liq col cry col liq col gas col gas; flam fuming liq col fuming liq col gas col gas col gas col liq col liq col liq col gas col gas col gas col gas col gas
-117.4 -89.9 -99.4 -10.5 -72.8 -109.9 -57.8 16.5 -44.7 -78.4 -69 -30.1 -94 -70.1 -73 5.39 -62 -45.5 -20.8 95 46 -118 -122 -128.2 -68.74 -138 -44
52.9 108.1 101.7 194.3 153.2 146.2 134.3 226 193.6 185.2 179.5 226.8 1.9 66 109 154 80.3 104 127 265
0.739 0.792 0.792 0.963 0.827 0.820 0.815
2450 2451 2452
Octafluorotrisilane Decafluorotetrasilane Iodosilane
Si3F8 Si4F10 SiH3I
14521-14-3 14521-15-4 13598-42-0
236.244 302.326 158.014
col liq col cry col liq
-60 2.5 -67 -122 -131 -90.2 -18.7 tp @ 780 mmHg -1.2 68 -57
3.38
2.44 3.29
-30.4 8.3 33 57.65 -70.0 -32 12.25 113.5 146 216 -98.6 -77.8 -95 -86 -19.1 sp 42 85.1 45.6
0.847 0.840 0.843 0.859 4.538 g/L
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility reac H2O; s CS2, chl reac H2O; s CS2, bz, ctc, chl reac H2O; s CS2, chl reac H2O reac H2O; vs EtOH, eth i H2O
i H2O; s acid s CS2; sl bz s bz; sl CS2 s CS2 i H2O, acid; s alk reac H2O; i EtOH, bz reac H2O, ctc, chl; s EtOH, bz reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
2.7 2.8 1.826 2.172 2.497
reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
2.721 g/L 4.129 g/L 1.331 1.5 4.927 g/L 5.599 g/L 6.272 g/L
reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
2.048 g/L 2.783 g/L 3.519 g/L 4.254 g/L
reac H2O reac H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-88 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
2453 2454 2455 2456 2457 2458 2459 2460 2461 2462
Diiodosilane Triiodosilane Tetraiodosilane Hexaiododisilane Disiloxane Hexachlorodisiloxane Methylsilane Metasilicic acid Orthosilicic acid Fluorosilicic acid
SiH2I2 SiHI3 SiI4 Si2I6 (SiH3)2O (SiCl3)2O SiH3CH3 H2SiO3 H4SiO4 H2SiF6
13760-02-6 13465-72-0 13465-84-4 13510-43-5 13597-73-4 14986-21-1 992-94-9 7699-41-4 10193-36-9 16961-83-4
283.911 409.807 535.704 817.598 78.218 284.888 46.145 78.100 96.116 144.092
150 220 dec 287.35
4.1
60.085
col liq liq wh powder pale yel cry gas liq col gas wh amorp powder exists only in soln stab only in aq soln hard grn-black hex cry gray refrac solid; hex blk cub cry, stable >1200 col hex cry
2463
Silicon carbide (hexagonal)
SiC
409-21-2
40.097
2464
Silicon nitride (Si3N4)
Si3N4
12033-89-5
140.284
2465
Silicon monoxide
SiO
10097-28-6
44.085
2466
Silicon dioxide (α-quartz)
SiO2
14808-60-7
2467
Silicon dioxide (β-quartz)
SiO2
14808-60-7
60.085
col hex cry
2468
Silicon dioxide (tridymite)
SiO2
15468-32-3
60.085
col hex cry
2469 2470 2471
Silicon dioxide (cristobalite) Silicon dioxide (vitreous) Silicon monosulfide
SiO2 SiO2 SiS
14464-46-1 60676-86-0 12504-41-5
60.085 60.085 60.151
2472
Silicon disulfide
SiS2
13759-10-9
92.216
col hex cry col amorp solid yel-red hyg powder wh rhomb cry
2473 2474 2475 2476 2477 2478 2479
Silicon tetraacetate Silicon tetraboride Silicotungstic acid Silver Silver azide Silver subfluoride Silver(I) acetate
Si(C2H3O2)4 SiB4 H4SiO4 ∙ (W3O9)4 Ag AgN3 Ag2F AgC2H3O2
562-90-3 12007-81-7 12520-88-6 7440-22-4 13863-88-2 1302-01-8 563-63-3
264.262 71.330 2878.17 107.868 149.888 234.734 166.912
2480 2481 2482 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490
Silver(I) acetylide Silver(I) acetylide (AgC2H) Silver(I) arsenate Silver(I) benzoate Silver(I) bromate Silver(I) bromide Silver(I) carbonate Silver(I) chlorate Silver(I) chloride Silver(I) chlorite Silver(I) chromate
Ag2C2 AgC2H Ag3AsO4 Ag(C6H5CO2) AgBrO3 AgBr Ag2CO3 AgClO3 AgCl AgClO2 Ag2CrO4
7659-31-6 13092-75-6 13510-44-6 532-31-0 7783-89-3 7785-23-1 534-16-7 7783-92-8 7783-90-6 7783-91-7 7784-01-2
239.757 132.897 462.524 228.982 235.770 187.772 275.745 191.319 143.321 175.320 331.730
2491 2492 2493 2494 2495
Silver(I) citrate Silver(I) cyanide Silver(I) dichromate Silver(I) diethyldithiocarbamate Silver(I) fluoride
Ag3C6H5O7 AgCN Ag2Cr2O7 Ag(C2H5)2NCS2 AgF
126-45-4 506-64-9 7784-02-3 1470-61-7 7775-41-9
512.705 133.886 431.724 256.138 126.866
2496 2497 2498 2499 2500 2501 2502 2503
Silver(I) hexafluoroantimonate Silver(I) hexafluoroarsenate Silver(I) hexafluorophosphate Silver(I) hydrogen fluoride Silver(I) iodate Silver(I) iodide Silver(I) lactate monohydrate Silver(I) metaphosphate
AgSbF6 AgAsF6 AgPF6 AgHF2 AgIO3 AgI AgC3H5O3 ∙ H2O AgPO3
26042-64-8 12005-82-2 26042-63-7 12249-52-4 7783-97-3 7783-96-2 128-00-7 13465-96-8
343.618 296.780 252.832 146.873 282.770 234.772 214.954 186.840
wh hyg cry gray refrac solid hyg yel cry silv metal; cub orth cry; exp yel hex cry wh needles or powder wh powder; exp wh powder; exp red cub cry powder wh tetr cry yel cub cry yel monocl cry wh tetr cry wh cub cry yel cry brn-red monocl cry wh cry powder wh-gray hex cry red cry powder yel-brn cub cry; hyg powder powder powder hyg cry wh orth cry yel powder; hex gray cry powder grn glass
2504 2505 2506 2507
Silver(I) molybdate Silver(I) nitrate Silver(I) nitrite Silver(I) oxalate
Ag2MoO4 AgNO3 AgNO2 Ag2C2O4
13765-74-7 7761-88-8 7783-99-5 533-51-7
375.67 169.873 153.874 303.755
yel cub cry col rhomb cry yel needles wh cry powder
-1 8 120.5 250 -144 -28 -156.5
-15.2 137 -57.5
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
3.197 g/L
i H2O; s HF s H2O 2830
3.16
1900
3.17
i H2O, EtOH
2.18 trans to beta quartz 573 trans to tridymite 867 trans cristobalite 1470 1722 1713 1090 1090
2950
2.648
i H2O, acid; s HF
2950
2.533600
i H2O, acid; s HF
2950
2.265
i H2O, acid; s HF
2950 2950 940
2.334 2.196 1.85
i H2O, acid; s HF i H2O, acid; s HF reac H2O
subl
2.04
reac H2O, EtOH; i bz reac H2O; s ace, bz
110 1870 dec
2.4
vs H2O, EtOH 961.78 exp ≈250 100 dec dec
2162
dec 360 dec 430 218 230 455 105 exp
10.5 4.9 8.6 3.26
6.657
1502 270 dec 1547
5.21 6.47 6.077 4.430 5.56 5.625
320 dec
0.0008120 1.0420
0.00085 3020 0.19325 0.00001425 0.003620 17.625 0.0001925 0.5525 0.0000140
3.95 4.770
0.0000011
173 435
1159
5.852
17220
102 dec dec >200 558
1506
5.53 5.68
0.05325 0.000003
490 483 210 140 dec exp 140
6.37
440 dec
6.18 4.35 4.453 5.03
23425 0.41525 0.004320
reac H2O
s NH4OH
i H2O, acid, EtOH s acid sl EtOH
i H2O; s HNO3 i EtOH, dil acid sl H2O s py
i acid sl H2O, EtOH i H2O; s HNO3, NH4OH sl H2O sl EtOH, ace i EtOH; reac acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-89
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2508 2509 2510 2511 2512 2513
Silver(I) oxide Silver(I) perchlorate Silver(I) perchlorate monohydrate Silver(I) permanganate Silver(I) phosphate Silver(I) picrate monohydrate
Ag2O AgClO4 AgClO4 ∙ H2O AgMnO4 Ag3PO4 AgC6H2N3O7 ∙ H2O
20667-12-3 7783-93-9 14242-05-8 7783-98-4 7784-09-0 146-84-9
231.735 207.319 225.334 226.804 418.576 353.979
brn-blk cub cry col cub cry; hyg hyg wh cry viol monocl cry yel powder yel cry
2514 2515 2516 2517 2518
Silver(I) selenate Silver(I) selenide Silver(I) selenite Silver(I) sulfate Silver(I) sulfide
Ag2SeO4 Ag2Se Ag2SeO3 Ag2SO4 Ag2S
7784-07-8 1302-09-6 7784-05-6 10294-26-5 21548-73-2
358.69 294.70 342.69 311.799 247.801
2519 2520 2521
Silver(I) sulfite Silver(I) telluride Silver(I) tetraiodomercurate(II)
Ag2SO3 Ag2Te Ag2HgI4
13465-98-0 12002-99-2 7784-03-4
295.799 343.34 923.94
orth cry gray hex needles needles col cry or powder gray-blk orth powder wh cry blk orth cry yel tetr cry
2522 2523 2524
Silver(I) thiocyanate Silver(I) thiosulfate Silver(II) oxide
AgSCN Ag2S2O3 AgO
1701-93-5 23149-52-2 1301-96-8
165.951 327.864 123.867
2525 2526 2527
Silver(I) tungstate Silver(II) fluoride Silver(II) oxide (Ag2O2)
Ag2WO4 AgF2 Ag2O2
13465-93-5 7783-95-1 25455-73-6
463.57 145.865 247.735
wh powder wh cry gray powder; monocl or cub yel cry 620 wh or gray hyg cry 690 gray-blk cub cry >100
2528 2529 2530 2531 2532 2533
Na NaC2H3O2 NaC2H3O2 ∙ 3H2O NaAlO2 NaAlH4 NaAl(SO4)2 ∙ 12H2O
7440-23-5 127-09-3 6131-90-4 1302-42-7 13770-96-2 10102-71-3
22.990 82.034 136.079 81.971 54.004 458.281
soft silv met; cub col cry col cry wh orth cry; hyg wh hyg solid col cry
97.794 328.2 58 dec 1650 174 dec ≈60
882.940
NaNH2 NaNH4HPO4 ∙ 4H2O
7782-92-5 13011-54-6
39.013 209.069
wh-grn orth cry monocl cry
210 ≈80 dec
500 dec
2536
Sodium Sodium acetate Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium aluminate Sodium aluminum hydride Sodium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate Sodium amide Sodium ammonium phosphate tetrahydrate Sodium arsenate dodecahydrate
Na3AsO4 ∙ 12H2O
7778-43-0
424.072
col monocl prism
86 dec
2537
Sodium arsenite
NaAsO2
7784-46-5
129.911
2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552
Sodium azide Sodium borohydride Sodium bromate Sodium bromide Sodium bromide dihydrate Sodium carbonate Sodium carbonate monohydrate Sodium carbonate decahydrate Sodium chlorate Sodium chloride Sodium chlorite Sodium chromate Sodium chromate tetrahydrate Sodium citrate dihydrate Sodium citrate pentahydrate
NaN3 NaBH4 NaBrO3 NaBr NaBr ∙ 2H2O Na2CO3 Na2CO3 ∙ H2O Na2CO3 ∙ 10H2O NaClO3 NaCl NaClO2 Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 ∙ 4H2O Na3C6H5O7 ∙ 2H2O Na3C6H5O7 ∙ 5H2O
26628-22-8 16940-66-2 7789-38-0 7647-15-6 13466-08-5 497-19-8 5968-11-6 6132-02-1 7775-09-9 7647-14-5 7758-19-2 7775-11-3 10034-82-9 6132-04-3 6858-44-2
65.010 37.833 150.892 102.894 138.925 105.989 124.005 286.142 106.441 58.443 90.442 161.974 234.035 294.099 348.145
wh-gray hyg powder col hex cry wh cub cry; hyg col cub cry wh cub cry wh cry wh hyg powder col orth cry col cry col cub cry col cub cry wh hyg cry yel orth cry yel hyg cry wh cry hyg col cry
300 dec ≈400 dec 381 747 36 dec 856 100 dec 34 dec 248 800.7 ≈180 dec 794 dec 150 dec dec 150
2553
Sodium cyanate
NaCNO
917-61-3
65.007
col needles
550
1.89
2554 2555
Sodium cyanide Sodium cyanoborohydride
NaCN NaBH3(CN)
143-33-9 25895-60-7
49.008 62.843
wh cub cry; hyg wh hyg powder
562 240 dec
1.6 1.12
2556 2557
Sodium dichromate Sodium dichromate dihydrate
Na2Cr2O7 Na2Cr2O7 ∙ 2H2O
10588-01-9 7789-12-0
261.968 297.999
357 85 dec
2558 2559
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate Sodium dihydrogen hypophosphate hexahydrate
NaH2PO4 NaH2PO4 ∙ H2O
7558-80-7 10049-21-5
119.977 137.993
red hyg cry oran-red monocl cry col monocl cry wh hyg cry
200 dec 100 dec
NaH2PO4 ∙ 2H2O
13472-35-0
156.008
col orth cry
60 dec
Na2H2P2O6 ∙ 6H2O
7782-95-8
314.031
monocl plates
110 dec
2534 2535
2560 2561
bp/°C
≈200 dec 486 dec 43 dec dec 849
880 530 660 825 (high press.) 100 dec 955 trans to red cub ≈40 dec dec >100 dec
Density g cm–3 7.2 2.806 4.49 6.37
>550 dec
5.72 8.216 5.930 5.45 7.23
Solubility g/100 g H20
0.0025 55825 55825 0.9118 0.0064
0.8425
reac EtOH sl dil acid sl H2O, EtOH; i chl, eth i H2O sl H2O; s acid i H2O; s acid s acid, NH4OH
8.4 6.1
i H2O, dil acid
7.5
i H2O sl H2O; s NH4OH s alk; reac acid
0.002725 0.015
4.58 7.44
dec 630 1465
i EtOH; s acid, alk s bz, py, os
0.11820
0.0004620
1390
Qualitative solubility
0.97 1.528 1.45 4.63 1.24 1.61
50.425 50.425
39.720
s HNO3, NH4OH reac H2O i H2O; s acid, NH4OH reac H2O sl EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH i eth; s thf i EtOH
1.39 1.54
reac H2O s H2O; i EtOH
1.87
s H2O; sl EtOH; i eth vs H2O; i EtOH
1.846 1.07 3.34 3.200 2.18 2.54 2.25 1.46 2.5 2.17 2.72
1.86
400 dec
40.820 5520 39.425 94.625 94.625 30.725 30.725 30.725 10025 36.025 6417 87.625 87.625 9225
58.220
sl EtOH; i eth reac EtOH i EtOH s EtOH sl EtOH i EtOH i EtOH i EtOH sl EtOH sl EtOH sl EtOH sl EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH, eth vs H2O; sl EtOH; i eth s H2O; sl EtOH; i eth sl EtOH vs H2O; s thf; sl EtOH; i bz, eth
18725 2.35
vs H2O; S HOAc 94.925 94.925
i EtOH
1.91
94.925
i EtOH
1.849
2.025
i EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-90 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
2562 2563 2564 2565
Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate Sodium dithionate Sodium dithionate dihydrate Sodium ethanolate
Na2H2P2O7 Na2S2O4 Na2S2O6 ∙ 2H2O NaC2H5O
7758-16-9 7775-14-6 7631-94-9* 141-52-6
221.939 174.108 242.137 68.050
2566 2567 2568 2569 2570 2571
Sodium ferricyanide monohydrate Sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate Sodium fluoride Sodium fluorophosphate Sodium formate Sodium germanate
Na3Fe(CN)6 ∙ H2O Na4Fe(CN)6 ∙ 10H2O NaF Na2PO3F NaCHO2 Na2GeO3
14217-21-1* 13601-19-9 7681-49-4 10163-15-2 141-53-7 12025-19-3
298.933 484.061 41.988 143.950 68.008 166.62
2572 2573
Sodium gold cyanide Sodium gold thiosulfate dihydrate
NaAu(CN)2 Na3Au(S2O3)2 ∙ 5H2O
15280-09-8 10233-88-2
271.991 526.223
2574
Sodium hexabromoplatinate(IV) hexahydrate Sodium hexachloroiridate(IV) hexahydrate Sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV) Sodium hexachloroplatinate(IV) hexahydrate Sodium hexafluoroaluminate
Na2PtBr6 ∙ 6H2O
39277-13-9
828.579
wh powder gray-wh powder col orth cry wh-yel hyg powder red hyg cry yel monocl cry col cub or tetr cry powder wh hyg cry wh monocl hyg cry wh-yel cry pow wh needles or prisms cry
Na2IrCl6 ∙ 6H2O
19567-78-3
559.006
cry
600 dec
Na2PtCl6 Na2PtCl6 ∙ 6H2O
16923-58-3 16923-58-3
453.782 561.873
yel hyg cry yel cry
110 dec
2.50
Na3AlF6
13775-53-6
209.941
1013
2.97
NaSbF6 NaPF6 ∙ H2O
16925-25-0 20644-15-9
258.740 185.969
col monocl cry; trans cub 560 wh cub cry col orth cry
Na2SiF6 Na3Co(NO2)6 NaH Na2HAsO4 Na2HAsO4 ∙ 7H2O
16893-85-9 14649-73-1 7646-69-7 7778-43-0 10048-95-0
188.056 403.935 23.998 185.908 312.014
wh hex cry yel-brn cry powder silv cub cry; flam wh powder wh monocl cry
NaHCO3 NaHF2 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 ∙ 7H2O
144-55-8 1333-83-1 7558-79-4 7782-85-6
84.007 61.995 141.959 268.066
wh monocl cry wh hex cry wh hyg powder col cry
≈50 dec >160 dec
Na2HPO4 ∙ 12H2O
10039-32-4
358.143
col cry
NaHSO4 NaHSO4 ∙ H2O
7681-38-1 10034-88-5
120.061 138.076
NaHS NaHS ∙ 2H2O NaHSO3 NaOH NaClO NaOCl ∙ 5H2O NaIO3 NaI NaI ∙ 2H2O
16721-80-5 16721-80-5 7631-90-5 1310-73-2 7681-52-9 10022-70-5 7681-55-2 7681-82-5 13517-06-1
56.063 92.094 104.061 39.997 74.442 164.518 197.892 149.894 185.925
2575 2576 2577 2578 2579 2580
2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601
Sodium hexafluoroantimonate Sodium hexafluorophosphate monohydrate Sodium hexafluorosilicate Sodium hexanitrocobaltate(III) Sodium hydride Sodium hydrogen arsenate Sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium hydrogen fluoride Sodium hydrogen phosphate Sodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate Sodium hydrogen sulfate Sodium hydrogen sulfate monohydrate Sodium hydrogen sulfide Sodium hydrogen sulfide dihydrate Sodium hydrogen sulfite Sodium hydroxide Sodium hypochlorite Sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate Sodium iodate Sodium iodide Sodium iodide dihydrate
2602
Sodium bismuthate
NaBiO3
12232-99-4
279.968
2603 2604 2605
Sodium metabisulfite Sodium metaborate Sodium metasilicate
Na2S2O5 NaBO2 Na2SiO3
7681-57-4 7775-19-1 6834-92-0
190.107 65.800 122.064
2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615
Sodium metasilicate pentahydrate Sodium molybdate Sodium molybdate dihydrate Sodium molybdophosphate Sodium niobate Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite Sodium nitroferricyanide dihydrate Sodium orthovanadate Sodium oxalate
Na2SiO3 ∙ 5H2O Na2MoO4 Na2MoO4 ∙ 2H2O Na3PO4 ∙ 12MoO3 NaNbO3 NaNO3 NaNO2 Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] ∙ 2H2O Na3VO4 Na2C2O4
13517-24-3 7631-95-0 10102-40-6 1313-30-0 12034-09-2 7631-99-4 7632-00-0 13755-38-9 13721-39-6 62-76-0
212.140 205.92 241.95 1891.20 163.894 84.995 68.996 297.949 183.909 133.999
2581 2582 2583 2584 2585 2586 2587 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
220 dec 52 dec 110 dec 260 dec
≈1.9 2.19
24.120 15.120
≈50 dec 996
1.46 2.78
2020 4.1325
s H2O; i EtOH i os i EtOH
1.92 3.31
94.925
sl EtOH
257.3 1083
1704 dec
dec 150
s H2O sl EtOH i EtOH reac H2O; s EtOH
s H2O, NH4OH vs H2O; i EtOH
3.09
5316 5316
s EtOH s EtOH; i eth i H2O
3.375 2.369
12920 1030
s EtOH, ace s EtOH, MeOH, ace
847
2.7
0.6720
425 dec ≈195 dec ≈50 dec
1.39
i EtOH vs H2O; sl EtOH reac H2O, EtOH sl EtOH sl EtOH
1.87
5120 5120
2.20 2.08 1.7 ≈1.7
10.325 3.2520 11.825 11.825
i EtOH
≈35 dec
≈1.5
11.825
i EtOH
wh hyg cry wh monocl cry
≈315
2.43 2.10
28.525 28.525
reac EtOH
col rhomb cry yel hyg needles wh cry wh orth cry; hyg stab in aq soln pale grn orth cry wh orth cry wh cub cry; hyg hyg col monocl cry yel-brn hyg cry
350 55 dec
wh cry wh hex cry wh amorp solid; hyg wh pow col cub cry cry powder hyg solid rhom cry col hex cry; hyg wh orth cry; hyg red cry col hex prisms wh powder
323 anh form exp 18 422 661 69 dec
1.79
1388
1304
1.48 2.13 1.6 4.28 3.67 2.45
10025 79.925 9.4725 18425 3180
66.725 966 1089
1434
72 dec 687 100 dec 1422 306.5 284 860 ≈250 dec
>320 dec
2.46 2.61
≈3.5 ≈3.5 2.83 4.55 2.261 2.17 1.72
65.025 65.025
2.34
3.6125
91.225 84.825 4016
i EtOH
s H2O, EtOh, eth vs H2O, EtOH, eth s H2O; sl EtOH s EtOH, MeOH s H2O i EtOH s EtOH, ace vs H2O i cold H2O, reac acid sl EtOH s H2O s cold H2O; reac hot H2O; i EtOH s H2O
vs H2O, EtOH i H2O sl EtOH, MeOH sl EtOH; reac acid sl EtOH s H2O; i EtOH i EtOH
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-91
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2616 2617 2618 2619 2620 2621 2622 2623 2624 2625 2626 2627 2628 2629 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2635 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640
Sodium oxide Sodium perborate tetrahydrate Sodium perchlorate Sodium perchlorate monohydrate Sodium periodate Sodium periodate trihydrate Sodium permanganate trihydrate Sodium peroxide Sodium perrhenate Sodium persulfate Sodium phosphate Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate Sodium phosphate, chlorinated Sodium phosphide Sodium phosphinate Sodium phosphinate monohydrate Sodium phosphonate pentahydrate Sodium pyrophosphate Sodium selenate Sodium selenate decahydrate Sodium selenide Sodium selenite Sodium selenite pentahydrate Sodium stannate trihydrate Sodium stearate
Na2O NaBO3 ∙ 4H2O NaClO4 NaClO4 ∙ H2O NaIO4 NaIO4 ∙ 3H2O NaMnO4 ∙ 3H2O Na2O2 NaReO4 Na2S2O8 Na3PO4 Na3PO4 ∙ 12H2O Na3PO4 ∙ NaOCl Na3P NaH2PO2 NaH2PO2 ∙ H2O Na2HPO3 ∙ 5H2O Na4P2O7 Na2SeO4 Na2SeO4 ∙ 10H2O Na2Se Na2SeO3 Na2SeO3 ∙ 5H2O Na2SnO3 ∙ 3H2O NaC18H35O2
1313-59-3 7632-04-4 7601-89-0 7791-07-3 7790-28-5 13472-31-6 10101-50-5* 1313-60-6 13472-33-8 7775-27-1 7601-54-9 10101-89-0 56802-99-4 12058-85-4 7681-53-0 10039-56-2 13517-23-2 7722-88-5 13410-01-0 10102-23-5 1313-85-5 10102-18-8 26970-82-1 12209-98-2 822-16-2
61.979 153.861 122.441 140.456 213.892 267.938 195.972 77.979 273.195 238.105 163.940 380.124 238.383 99.943 87.979 105.994 216.036 265.902 188.94 369.09 124.94 172.94 184.054 266.734 306.460
wh amorp powder wh cry wh orth cry; hyg wh hyg cry wh tetr cry wh hex cry red-blk hyg cry yel hyg powder cry wh hyg cry col cry col hex cry wh cry red solid wh cry col hyg cry wh hex plates col cry col orth cry wh cry amorp solid wh tetr cry wh tetr cry col hex cry wh powder
2641 2642
Sodium succinate hexahydrate Sodium sulfate
Na2C4H4O4 ∙ 6H2O Na2SO4
150-90-3 7757-82-6
270.144 142.043
2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 2649
Sodium sulfate heptahydrate Sodium sulfate decahydrate Sodium sulfide Sodium sulfide pentahydrate Sodium sulfide nonahydrate Sodium sulfite Sodium sulfite heptahydrate
Na2SO4 ∙ 7H2O Na2SO4 ∙ 10H2O Na2S Na2S ∙ 5H2O Na2S ∙ 9H2O Na2SO3 Na2SO3 ∙ 7H2O
13472-39-4 7727-73-3 1313-82-2 1313-83-3 1313-84-4 7757-83-7 10102-15-5
204.152 322.196 78.045 168.121 240.183 126.043 252.150
2650 2651 2652 2653 2654 2655 2656 2657 2658 2659
Sodium superoxide Sodium tartrate dihydrate Sodium tellurate Sodium tellurite Sodium tetraborate Sodium tetraborate tetrahydrate Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Sodium tetrachloroaluminate Sodium tetrachloroaurate(III) dihydrate Sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) trihydrate Sodium tetrachloroplatinate(II) tetrahydrate Sodium tetrafluoroberyllate Sodium tetrafluoroborate Sodium thioantimonate nonahydrate Sodium thiocyanate Sodium thiophosphate dodecahydrate Sodium thiosulfate Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Sodium trimetaphosphate Sodium trimetaphosphate hexahydrate Sodium tripolyphosphate Sodium tungstate Sodium tungstate dihydrate Sodium uranate(VI) monohydrate
NaO2 Na2C4H4O6 ∙ 2H2O Na2TeO4 Na2TeO3 Na2B4O7 Na2B4O7 ∙ 4H2O Na2B4O7 ∙ 5H2O Na2B4O7 ∙ 10H2O NaAlCl4 NaAuCl4 ∙ 2H2O
12034-12-7 6106-24-7 10101-83-4 10102-20-2 1330-43-4 12045-87-3 12045-88-4 1303-96-4 7784-16-9 13874-02-7
54.989 230.082 237.58 221.58 201.220 273.281 291.296 381.373 191.784 397.800
cry powder wh orth cry or powder wh cry col monocl cry wh cub cry; hyg col orth cry wh-yel hyg cry wh hex cry wh monocl cry; unstab yel cub cry
Na2PdCl4 ∙ 3H2O
13820-53-6
348.26
brn-red hyg cry
Na2PtCl4 ∙ 4H2O
10026-00-3
454.938
red prisms
100
Na2BeF4 NaBF4 Na3SbS4 ∙ 9H2O
13871-27-7 13755-29-8 10101-91-4
130.986 109.795 481.127
orth cry wh orth prisms yel cry
575 384 dec 108
NaSCN Na3PO3S ∙ 12H2O
540-72-7 10101-88-9
81.073 396.190
col hyg cry hex hyg leaflets
287 60
Na2S2O3 Na2S2O3 ∙ 5H2O Na3(PO3)3 Na3(PO3)3 ∙ 6H2O
7772-98-7 10102-17-7 7785-84-4 7785-84-4
158.108 248.184 305.885 413.976
100 dec ≈50 dec
Na5P3O10 Na2WO4 Na2WO4 ∙ 2H2O Na2U2O7 ∙ H2O
7758-29-4 13472-45-2 10213-10-2 13721-34-1
367.864 293.82 329.85 652.049
col monocl cry col cry wh cry tricl-rhom hyg prisms wh hyg powder wh rhom cry wh orth cry yel powder
2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2665 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 2674
wh powder wh rhomb prisms col gl solid; hyg wh monocl cry hex cry wh monocl cry orth cry oran-yel rhom cry
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
1134 60 dec 482 dec ≈130 dec ≈300 dec 175 dec 170 dec 675 300
2.27 2.52 2.02 3.86 3.22 2.47 2.805 5.39
20525 20525 14.425 14.425 14420
1583 ≈75
2.54 1.62
14.525 14.425 2525
>650 310 dec dec 200 988
2.53
>875
1.61 2.62
10025 10025 42920 7.0925 58.525 58.525
reac EtOH reac H2O vs H2O; reac EtOH s H2O i EtOH reac H2O s EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH
20 28.125
1.46 1.856 1.58 1.43 2.63 1.56
28.125 20.625 20.625 20.625 30.725 30.725
vs H2O i EtOH sl EtOH; i eth s EtOH; i eth sl EtOH; i eth i EtOH sl EtOH
6115
552
s acid
2.7
dec dec 140
dec 32 dec 1172 120 dec ≈50 dec 911
reac H2O reac H2O
reac H2O i EtOH s H2O; i EtOH vs H2O; i EtOH, ace sl H2O, EtOH; vs hot H2O i EtOH i EtOH
89.825
120 dec 884
Qualitative solubility
2.2 1.545
reac H2O s H2O; i EtOH 0.8
743 dec 75 dec
1575
2.4 1.95 1.88 1.73 2.01
100 dec
3.1725 3.1725 3.1725 3.1725 15010
sl H2O sl MeOH
i EtOH s H2O s EtOH, eth vs H2O; s EtOH s H2O, EtOH
2.47 2.47 1.8
10820 2820
sl H2O sl EtOH i EtOH
15125 vs hot H2O
53
1.69 1.69 2.49 1.786
76.425 76.425 22 22
622 695 100 dec
4.18 3.25
2025 74.225 74.225
i EtOH i EtOH i EtOH
i EtOH i H2O; s acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-92 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2675 2676 2677 2678 2679
Sodium vanadate(V) Sodium vanadate(V) tetrahydrate Strontium Strontium acetate Strontium arsenite tetrahydrate
NaVO3 NaVO3 ∙ 4H2O Sr Sr(C2H3O2)2 Sr(AsO2)2 ∙ 4H2O
13718-26-8 13718-26-8 7440-24-6 543-94-2 10378-48-0
121.930 193.992 87.62 205.71 373.52
col monocl prisms 630 yel-wh cry powder silv-wh metal; cub 777 col hyg cry dec wh powder
2680
Strontium bromate monohydrate
Sr(BrO3)2 ∙ H2O
14519-18-7
361.44
2681 2682 2683 2684 2685 2686 2687 2688 2689 2690
SrBr2 SrBr2 ∙ 6H2O SrC2 SrCO3 Sr(ClO3)2 SrCl2 SrCl2 ∙ 6H2O SrCrO4 Sr(CN)2 ∙ 4H2O SrFe(CN)6 ∙ 15H2O
10476-81-0 7789-53-9 12071-29-3 1633-05-2 7791-10-8 10476-85-4 10025-70-4 7789-06-2 52870-08-3 14654-44-5
247.43 355.52 111.64 147.63 254.52 158.53 266.62 203.61 211.72 569.80
2691
Strontium bromide Strontium bromide hexahydrate Strontium carbide Strontium carbonate Strontium chlorate Strontium chloride Strontium chloride hexahydrate Strontium chromate Strontium cyanide dihydrate Strontium ferrocyanide pentadecahydrate Strontium fluoride
yel hyg monocl cry wh tetr cry col hyg cry blk tetr cry wh orth cry; hyg col cry wh cub cry; hyg col hyg cry yel monocl cry wh hyg cry yel monocl cry
SrF2
7783-48-4
125.62
2692 2693 2694 2695 2696 2697 2698 2699
Strontium formate Strontium formate dihydrate Strontium hexaboride Strontium hydride Strontium hydroxide Strontium iodate Strontium iodide Strontium iodide hexahydrate
Sr(CHO2)2 Sr(CHO2)2 ∙ 2H2O SrB6 SrH2 Sr(OH)2 Sr(IO3)2 SrI2 SrI2 ∙ 6H2O
592-89-2 6160-34-5 12046-54-7 13598-33-9 18480-07-4 13470-01-4 10476-86-5 73796-25-5
177.66 213.69 152.49 89.64 121.64 437.43 341.43 449.52
2700 2701 2702 2703 2704
Strontium molybdate Strontium niobate Strontium nitrate Strontium nitride Strontium nitrite
SrMoO4 SrNb2O6 Sr(NO3)2 Sr3N2 Sr(NO2)2
13470-04-7 12034-89-8 10042-76-9 12033-82-8 13470-06-9
247.56 369.43 211.63 290.87 179.63
2705 2706 2707 2708 2709 2710 2711 2712 2713 2714 2715 2716 2717 2718 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723
Strontium orthosilicate Strontium oxalate monohydrate Strontium oxide Strontium perchlorate Strontium permanganate trihydrate Strontium peroxide Strontium phosphate Strontium selenate Strontium selenide Strontium silicide Strontium sulfate Strontium sulfide Strontium sulfite Strontium telluride Strontium thiosulfate pentahydrate Strontium titanate Strontium tungstate Strontium zirconate Sulfur (rhombic)
Sr2SiO4 SrC2O4 ∙ H2O SrO Sr(ClO4)2 Sr(MnO4)2 ∙ 3H2O SrO2 Sr3(PO4)2 SrSeO4 SrSe SrSi2 SrSO4 SrS SrSO3 SrTe SrS2O3 ∙ 5H2O SrTiO3 SrWO4 SrZrO3 S
13597-55-2 814-95-9 1314-11-0 13450-97-0 14446-13-0 1314-18-7 7446-28-8 7446-21-1 1315-07-7 12138-28-2 7759-02-6 1314-96-1 13451-02-0 12040-08-3 15123-90-7 12060-59-2 13451-05-3 12036-39-4 7704-34-9
267.32 193.65 103.62 286.52 379.54 119.62 452.80 230.58 166.58 143.79 183.68 119.69 167.68 215.22 289.82 183.49 335.46 226.84 32.065
2724
Sulfur (monoclinic)
S
7704-34-9
32.065
2725 2726 2727 2728 2729 2730
Sulfuric acid Peroxysulfuric acid Nitrosylsulfuric acid Chlorosulfonic acid Fluorosulfonic acid Sulfurous acid
H2SO4 H2SO5 HNOSO4 SO2(OH)Cl SO2(OH)F H2SO3
7664-93-9 7722-86-3 7782-78-7 7790-94-5 7789-21-1 7782-99-2
98.079 114.078 127.077 116.524 100.069 82.079
2731 2732
Sulfamic acid Sulfur dioxide
H2NSO3H SO2
5329-14-6 7446-09-5
97.094 64.064
wh cub cry or powder wh cry col rhom cry blk cub cry orth cry col orth cry; hyg tricl cry wh hyg cry wh-yel hex cry; hyg wh cry pow monocl cry wh cub cry refrac solid wh-yel hyg needles orth cry cry pow col cub cry col hyg cry purp cub cry wh tetr cry; unstab wh powder orth cry wh cub cry silv-gray cub cry wh orth cry gray cub cry col cry wh cub cry monocl needles wh cub cry col tetr cry col cry yel orth cry yel monocl needles, stable 95.3-120 col oily liq wh cry; unstab prisms col-yel liq col liq exists only in aq soln orth cry col gas
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
2125 2125
1382
2.64 2.1
4025
120 dec
3.773
39.025
657 88 dec >1700 1494 120 dec 874 100 dec dec dec
4.216
10725 10725
1250
3.19 3.785 3.15 3.052 1.96 3.9
0.0003420 17625 54.725 54.725 0.10620
reac H2O; s EtOH vs H2O sl H2O, EtOH; sol dil acid
s EtOH; i eth i H2O s dil acid sl EtOH s EtOH s dil acid vs H2O
50 1477 71.9 100 dec 2235 1050 535 538 120 dec
2460
710 dec 1773 dec
1040 1225 570 1200 240 dec
4.24
0.02125
2.693 2.25 3.39 3.26 3.625 5.045 4.55 4.4
9.10 9.137
2.2525 0.16525 17725 17725
4.54 5.11 2.99
80.225
2.8
72.130
s dil acid
i EtOH, eth i H2O; s HNO3 reac H2O
s EtOH i H2O i H2O sl EtOH, ace reac H2O; s HCl s H2O
4.5 dec 150 2531
5.1
0.0000520
175 dec 215 dec
2.75 4.78 4.25 4.54 3.35 3.96 3.70
1600 1100 1606 2226 dec 100 dec 2080 dec 2600 95.3 (trans to monocl) 115.21
30625 25018 0.00001120 0.11520
0.013525 0.001525
4.83 2.17 5.1 6.187 444.61
2.07
444.61
2.00
10.31 45 dec 73 dec -80 -89
337
1.8302
152 163
1.75 1.726
≈205 dec -75.5
-10.05
2.15 2.619 g/L
36.325 0.1415
sl dil acid reac H2O s EtOH, MeOH reac H2O s acid s hot HCl
i EtOH; sl acid sl H2O; s acid s H2SO4, HCl i EtOH i H2O i EtOH i H2O; sl EtOH, bz, eth; s CS2 i H2O; sl EtOH, bz, eth; s CS2 vs H2O vs H2O reac H2O; s H2SO4 reac H2O; s py reac H2O
14.70
sl ace; i eth s H2O, EtOh, eth, chl
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-93
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
2733 2734 2735 2736 2737
Sulfur trioxide Sulfur trioxide (γ-form) Sulfur trioxide (β-form) Sulfur bromide (SSBr2) Sulfur chloride (SSCl2)
SO3 SO3 SO3 SSBr2 SSCl2
7446-11-9 7446-11-9 7446-11-9 13172-31-1 10025-67-9
80.063 80.063 80.063 223.938 135.036
wh needles col solid or liq wh needles red oily liq yel-red oily liq
62.2 16.8 30.5 -46 -77
subl 44.5 44.5 >25 dec 137
2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745
Sulfur fluoride (SSF2) Sulfur fluoride (FSSF) Sulfur dichloride Sulfur tetrafluoride Sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur bromide pentafluoride Sulfur chloride pentafluoride Sulfur decafluoride
SSF2 FSSF SCl2 SF4 SF6 SF5Br SF5Cl S2F10
16860-99-4 13709-35-8 10545-99-0 7783-60-0 2551-62-4 15607-89-3 13780-57-9 5714-22-7
102.127 102.127 102.971 108.059 146.055 206.961 162.510 254.114
col gas col gas red visc liq col gas col gas col gas col gas liq
-164.6 -133 -122 -125 -49.596 tp -79 -64 -52.7
4.174 g/L 4.174 g/L 1.62 4.417 g/L 5.970 g/L 8.459 g/L 6.642 g/L 2.08
2746 2747
Sulfuryl amide Sulfuryl chloride
(NH2)2SO2 SO2Cl2
7803-58-9 7791-25-5
96.109 134.970
orth plates col liq
93 -51
-10.6 15 59.6 -40.45 -63.8 sp 3.1 -19.05 30; dec 150 250 dec 69.4
2748
Sulfuryl fluoride
SO2F2
2699-79-8
102.061
col gas
-135.8
-55.4
4.172 g/L
2749 2750 2751 2752 2753
Sulfuryl bromide fluoride Sulfuryl chloride fluoride Pyrosulfuryl chloride Thionyl bromide Thionyl chloride
SO2BrF SO2ClF S2O5Cl2 SOBr2 SOCl2
13536-61-3 13637-84-8 7791-27-7 507-16-4 7719-09-7
162.966 118.515 215.033 207.872 118.970
col liq col gas col fuming liq yel liq yel fuming liq
-86 -124.7 -37 -50 -101
41 7.1 151 140 75.6
2754 2755 2756 2757 2758 2759 2760 2761 2762
Thionyl fluoride Sulfur fluoride oxide (SOF4) Sulfur fluoride hypofluorite Tetrasulfur tetranitride Tantalum Tantalum aluminide Tantalum boride (TaB) Tantalum boride (TaB2) Tantalum carbide (TaC)
SOF2 SOF4 F5SOF S4N4 Ta TaAl3 TaB TaB2 TaC
7783-42-8 13709-54-1 15179-32-5 28950-34-7 7440-25-7 12004-76-1 12007-07-7 12007-35-1 12070-06-3
86.061 124.058 162.054 184.287 180.948 261.893 191.759 202.570 192.959
-129.5 -99.6 -86 178.2 3017 ≈1400 2040 3100 3880
-43.8 -48.5 -35.1 subl 5458
2763 2764 2765
Tantalum carbide (Ta2C) Tantalum hydride Tantalum nitride
Ta2C TaH TaN
12070-07-4 13981-95-8 12033-62-4
373.907 181.956 194.955
col gas col gas col gas yel-oran cry gray metal; cub gray refrac powder refrac orth cry blk hex cry gold-brown powder; cub refrac hex cry gray metallic solid blk hex cry
2766 2767 2768 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2775 2776 2777
Tantalum silicide Tantalum(III) bromide Tantalum(III) chloride Tantalum(IV) bromide Tantalum(IV) chloride Tantalum(IV) iodide Tantalum(IV) oxide Tantalum(IV) selenide Tantalum(IV) sulfide Tantalum(IV) telluride Tantalum(V) bromide Tantalum(V) chloride
TaSi2 TaBr3 TaCl3 TaBr4 TaCl4 TaI4 TaO2 TaSe2 TaS2 TaTe2 TaBr5 TaCl5
12039-79-1 13842-73-4 13569-67-0 13842-76-7 13569-72-7 14693-80-2 12036-14-5 12039-55-3 12143-72-5 12067-66-2 13451-11-1 7721-01-9
237.119 420.660 287.307 500.564 322.760 688.566 212.947 338.87 245.078 436.15 580.468 358.213
2778
Tantalum(V) fluoride
TaF5
7783-71-3
275.940
2779 2780
Tantalum(V) iodide Tantalum(V) oxide
TaI5 Ta2O5
14693-81-3 1314-61-0
815.470 441.893
2781 2782 2783 2784
Technetium Technetium(V) fluoride Technetium(VI) fluoride Tellurium
Tc TcF5 TcF6 Te
7440-26-8 31052-14-9 13842-93-8 13494-80-9
98 193 212 127.60
2785 2786
Telluric(VI) acid Tellurous acid
H6TeO6 H2TeO3
7803-68-1 10049-23-7
2787 2788
Tellurium dioxide Tellurium trioxide
TeO2 TeO3
7446-07-3 13451-18-8
4780
3327
2200 dec 220 dec 440 392 dec 300 400 dec
229.64 177.61
136 40 dec
159.60 175.60
wh orth cry yel-oran cry
733 430
Solubility g/100 g H20
1.90 2.63 1.69
Qualitative solubility reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, bz, eth, ctc reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O sl H2O; s EtOH
i H2O vs H2O; sl EtOH reac H2O; s bz, tol, eth sl H2O, EtOH; s tol, ctc reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s bz, ctc, chl reac H2O; s bz, eth reac H2O
1.680
1.620 1.837 1.631 3.518 g/L 1.95-82 6.624 g/L
i H2O; reac alk, acid reac HF i H2O, acid, alk
16.4 7.02 14.2 11.2 14.3
i H2O, acid, alk s HF-HNO3 mixture
15.1 15.1 13.7
3090
gray powder gray-grn solid blk-grn solid dark blue solid dark grn solid gray-blk solid tetr cry hex cry blk hex cry monocl cry yel cry powder yel-wh monocl cry; hyg wh monocl cry; hyg blk hex cry; hyg wh rhomb cry or powder hex cry yel solid yel cub cry gray-wh rhomb cry wh monocl cry wh cry
Density g cm–3
i acid i H2O; sl aqua regia; reac alk
9.14
subl
5.77 4.35
265.8 216.6
348.8 239
10.0 6.7 6.86 9.4 4.67 3.68
96.9
229.5
4.74
496 1875
543
5.80 8.24
2157 50 37.4 449.51
4265 dec 55.3 988
11
>3000
i H2O
reac H2O; s EtOH s H2O, eth; sl CS2, ctc reac H2O i H2O, EtOH, acid; s HF
3.0 6.232 3.07 3.0
1245
s H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
5.9 5.07
i H2O, bz, CS2 50.130 sl H2O; s dil acid, alk i H2O; s alk, acid i H2O
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-94 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
bp/°C
2789
Tellurium dibromide
TeBr2
7789-54-0
287.41
grn-brn hyg cry
210
339
2790
Tellurium dichloride
TeCl2
10025-71-5
198.51
208
328
6.9
2791
Tellurium tetrabromide
TeBr4
10031-27-3
447.22
380
≈420 dec
4.3
reac H2O; s eth
2792
Tellurium tetrachloride
TeCl4
10026-07-0
269.41
224
387
3.0
2793 2794 2795 2796 2797 2798 2799 2800 2801 2802 2803 2804 2805 2806 2807 2808 2809 2810 2811 2812 2813 2814 2815 2816 2817 2818 2819 2820 2821 2822 2823 2824 2825 2826 2827 2828 2829 2830 2831 2832
Tellurium tetrafluoride Tellurium decafluoride Tellurium tetraiodide Tellurium hexafluoride Terbium Terbium nitride Terbium silicide Terbium(III) bromide Terbium(III) chloride Terbium(III) chloride hexahydrate Terbium(III) iodide Terbium(III) nitrate Terbium(III) nitrate hexahydrate Terbium(III) oxide Terbium(III) sulfate octahydrate Terbium(III) sulfide Terbium(III) fluoride Terbium(IV) fluoride Thallium Thallium(I) acetate Thallium(I) azide Thallium(I) bromate Thallium(I) bromide Thallium(I) carbonate Thallium(I) chlorate Thallium(I) chloride Thallium(I) chromate Thallium(I) cyanide Thallium(I) ethanolate Thallium(I) fluoride Thallium(I) formate Thallium(I) hexafluorophosphate Thallium(I) hydroxide Thallium(I) iodate Thallium(I) iodide Thallium(I) molybdate Thallium(I) nitrate Thallium(I) nitrite Thallium(I) oxalate Thallium(I) oxide
TeF4 Te2F10 TeI4 TeF6 Tb TbN TbSi2 TbBr3 TbCl3 TbCl3 ∙ 6H2O TbI3 Tb(NO3)3 Tb(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Tb2O3 Tb2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Tb2S3 TbF3 TbF4 Tl TlC2H3O2 TlN3 TlBrO3 TlBr Tl2CO3 TlClO3 TlCl Tl2CrO4 TlCN TlC2H5O TlF TlCHO2 TlPF6 TlOH TlIO3 TlI Tl2MoO4 TlNO3 TlNO2 Tl2C2O4 Tl2O
15192-26-4 53214-07-6 7790-48-9 7783-80-4 7440-27-9 12033-64-6 12039-80-4 14456-47-4 10042-88-3 13798-24-8 13813-40-6 10043-27-3 13451-19-9 12036-41-8 13842-67-6 12138-11-3 13708-63-9 36781-15-4 7440-28-0 563-68-8 13847-66-0 14550-84-6 7789-40-4 6533-73-9 13453-30-0 7791-12-0 13473-75-1 13453-34-4 20398-06-5 7789-27-7 992-98-3 60969-19-9 12026-06-1 14767-09-0 7790-30-9 34128-09-1 10102-45-1 13826-63-6 30737-24-7 1314-12-1
203.59 445.18 635.22 241.59 158.925 172.932 215.096 398.637 265.284 373.375 539.638 344.940 453.031 365.849 750.161 414.046 215.920 234.919 204.383 263.427 246.403 332.285 284.287 468.776 287.834 239.836 524.761 230.401 249.443 223.381 249.401 349.347 221.390 379.285 331.287 568.71 266.388 250.389 496.786 424.766
129 -33.7 280 -37.6 tp 1359
195 dec 59
reac H2O; s EtOH, tol reac H2O
5.05 9.875 g/L 8.23 9.55 6.66
reac H2O; sl ace reac H2O
2833 2834 2835 2836 2837 2838 2839 2840 2841 2842 2843 2844 2845 2846 2847
Thallium(I) perchlorate Thallium(I) selenate Thallium(I) selenide Thallium(I) sulfate Thallium(I) sulfide Thallium(III) acetate Thallium(III) bromide tetrahydrate Thallium(III) chloride Thallium(III) chloride tetrahydrate Thallium(III) fluoride Thallium(III) nitrate Thallium(III) oxide Thallium(III) sulfate Thallium selenide Thorium
TlClO4 Tl2SeO4 Tl2Se Tl2SO4 Tl2S Tl(C2H3O2)3 TlBr3 ∙ 4H2O TlCl3 TlCl3 ∙ 4H2O TlF3 Tl(NO3)3 Tl2O3 Tl2(SO4)3 TlSe Th
13453-40-2 7446-22-2 15572-25-5 7446-18-6 1314-97-2 2570-63-0 13701-90-1 13453-32-2 13453-32-2* 7783-57-5 13746-98-0 1314-32-5 16222-66-5 12039-52-0 7440-29-1
303.834 551.73 487.73 504.830 440.832 381.514 516.157 310.742 382.804 261.378 390.398 456.765 696.955 283.34 232.038
2848 2849 2850
Thorium hydride Thorium boride Thorium(IV) bromide
ThH2 ThB6 ThBr4
16689-88-6 12229-63-9 13453-49-1
234.054 296.904 551.654
blk amorp solid; hyg yel-oran monocl cry wh monocl cry; hyg col cry col liq blk orth cry col gas silv metal; hex cub cry orth cry wh hex cry wh orth cry; hyg hyg cry hex cry; hyg pink hyg solid col needles wh cub cry wh cry cub cry wh solid wh monocl cry soft blue-wh metal hyg wh cry yel cry col needles yel cub cry wh monocl cry col hex cry wh cub cry yel cry wh hex plates cloudy liq wh orth cry hyg col needles wh cub cry yel needles wh needles yel cry powder yel-wh cub cry wh cry yel cub cry wh powder blk rhomb cry; hyg col orth cry orth cry gray plates wh rhomb prisms blue-blk cry hyg wh platelets yel orth cry monocl cry orth cry wh orth cry; hyg col cry brn cub cry col leaflets blk solid soft gray-wh metal; cub tetr cry refrac solid wh hyg cry
reac H2O; s eth; sl chl reac H2O; i ctc
830 582
-38.9 sp 3230
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
1490 4.35 4.35 ≈5.2
955
15725 89 2303 dec 360
Qualitative solubility
s H2O s H2O vs H2O s H2O s EtOH s H2O, EtOH, ace
7.91 sl H2O 6.35
1175 dec 300 304 131 334 120 dec 460 273 dec 500 431
-3 326 101
2280 1473
11.8 3.68
exp 819
720
130 dec 826
139 dec
7.5 7.11 5.5 7.0 6.523 3.49 8.36 4.97 4.6 7.44
0.4930 0.05920 4.6920 3.9220 0.3320 0.00320
24525
34.318 0.058 0.008520
824
7.1
206 186
450 dec
9.5520 32.125 1.8320
579
≈1080
5.55 5.7 6.31 9.52 4.89 6.875
19.730 2.820
6.77 8.39
5.4725 0.0220
1367
550 dec
3.65 4.7 3.00 8.65
834
10.2
155
330 1750
2450 679
4788
i EtOH i EtOH sl acid, alk s H2O, acid, EtOH reac H2O vs H2O; s MeOH
441.7
501 >400 340 632 457 182 dec
i H2O i H2O i H2O; reac acid s H2O, EtOH s H2O s EtOH
sl HNO3 i EtOH i H2O s H2O; i EtOH s H2O s H2O, EtOH
i EtOH, eth i H2O, acid sl alk; s acid s H2O, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH, eth s H2O reac H2O reac H2O i H2O; reac acid reac H2O i H2O, acid s acid
11.7 9.5 6.99 6520
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-95
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
2851 2852 2853
Thorium carbide Thorium dicarbide Thorium(IV) chloride
ThC ThC2 ThCl4
12012-16-7 12071-31-7 10026-08-1
244.049 256.059 373.850
2854
Thorium(IV) fluoride
ThF4
13709-59-6
308.032
2855 2856 2857 2858 2859 2860 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2873 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 2879
Thorium(IV) iodide Thorium(IV) nitrate Thorium(IV) nitrate tetrahydrate Thorium nitride Thorium(IV) oxide Thorium(IV) selenide Thorium orthosilicate Thorium silicide Thorium(IV) sulfate nonahydrate Thorium(IV) sulfide Thulium Thulium(II) bromide Thulium(II) chloride Thulium(II) iodide Thulium(III) bromide Thulium(III) chloride Thulium(III) chloride heptahydrate Thulium(III) fluoride Thulium(III) hydroxide Thulium(III) iodide Thulium(III) nitrate Thulium(III) nitrate pentahydrate Thulium(III) oxalate hexahydrate Thulium(III) oxide Tin (gray)
ThI4 Th(NO3)4 Th(NO3)4 ∙ 4H2O ThN ThO2 ThSe2 ThSiO4 ThSi2 Th(SO4)2 ∙ 9H2O ThS2 Tm TmBr2 TmCl2 TmI2 TmBr3 TmCl3 TmCl3 ∙ 7H2O TmF3 Tm(OH)3 TmI3 Tm(NO3)3 Tm(NO3)3 ∙ 5H2O Tm2(C2O4)3 ∙ 6H2O Tm2O3 Sn
7790-49-0 13823-29-5 13470-07-0 12033-65-7 1314-20-1 60763-24-8 14553-44-7 12067-54-8 10381-37-0 12138-07-7 7440-30-4 64171-97-7 22852-11-5 60864-26-8 14456-51-0 13537-18-3 13778-39-7 13760-79-7 1311-33-7 13813-43-9 14985-19-4 36548-87-5 26677-68-9 12036-44-1 7440-31-5
739.656 480.058 552.119 246.045 264.037 389.96 324.122 288.209 586.301 296.168 168.934 328.742 239.840 422.743 408.646 275.293 401.400 225.929 219.956 549.647 354.949 445.025 710.016 385.866 118.710
cub cry yel monocl cry gray-wh tetr needles; hyg wh monocl cry; hyg wh-yel monocl cry hyg wh plates wh hyg cry refrac cub cry wh cub cry orth cry brn tetr cry tetr cry wh monocl cry dark brn cry silv metal; hex dark grn solid red or grn cry blk hyg solid wh hyg cry yel hyg cry hyg cry wh cry wh or grn prec yel hyg cry grn hyg solid grn hyg cry grn solid grn-wh cub cry cub cry
2500 ≈2650 770
921
10.6 9.0 4.59
1110
1680
6.1
566 55 dec 500 dec 2820 3350
837
2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 2887 2888
Tin (white) Stannane Methylstannane (Dimethylamino)trimethystannane Tin monophosphide Tin triphosphide Tin(II) acetate Tin(II) bromide Tin(II) chloride
Sn SnH4 SnH3CH3 Sn(CH3)3N(CH3)2 SnP Sn4P3 Sn(C2H3O2)2 SnBr2 SnCl2
7440-31-5 2406-52-2 1631-78-3 993-50-0 25324-56-5 12286-33-8 638-39-1 10031-24-0 7772-99-8
118.710 122.742 136.769 207.890 149.684 567.761 236.799 278.518 189.616
silv tetr cry unstab col gas col gas liq dull metallic solid wh cry wh orth cry yel powder wh orth cry
2889
Tin(II) chloride dihydrate
SnCl2 ∙ 2H2O
10025-69-1
225.647
wh monocl cry
37 dec
2890
Tin(II) fluoride
SnF2
7783-47-3
156.707
215
2891 2892 2893 2894 2895 2896 2897 2898 2899 2900 2901 2902 2903
Tin(II) hexafluorozirconate Tin(II) hydroxide Tin(II) iodide Tin(II) oxalate Tin(II) oxide Tin(II) pyrophosphate Tin(II) selenide Tin(II) sulfate Tin(II) sulfide Tin(II) tartrate Tin(II) telluride Tin(IV) bromide Tin(IV) chloride
SnZrF6 Sn(OH)2 SnI2 SnC2O4 SnO Sn2P2O7 SnSe SnSO4 SnS SnC4H4O6 SnTe SnBr4 SnCl4
12419-43-1 12026-24-3 10294-70-9 814-94-8 21651-19-4 15578-26-4 1315-06-6 7488-55-3 1314-95-0 815-85-0 12040-02-7 7789-67-5 7646-78-8
323.924 152.725 372.519 206.729 134.709 411.363 197.67 214.773 150.775 266.781 246.31 438.326 260.522
wh monocl cry; hyg cry wh amorp solid red-oran powder wh powder blue-blk tetr cry wh amorp powder gray orth cry wh orth cry gray orth cry wh cry powder gray cub cry wh cry col fuming liq
806 29.1 -34.07
2904 2905 2906 2907
Tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate Tin(IV) chromate Tin(IV) fluoride Tin(IV) iodide
SnCl4 ∙ 5H2O Sn(CrO4)2 SnF4 SnI4
10026-06-9 38455-77-5 7783-62-2 7790-47-8
350.598 350.697 194.704 626.328
wh-yel cry brn-yel cry powder wh tetr cry yel-brn cub cry
56 dec dec 442 143
2908
Tin(IV) oxide
SnO2
18282-10-5
150.709
gray tetr cry
1630
6.85
2909
Tin(IV) selenide
SnSe2
20770-09-6
276.63
red-brn cry
650
≈5.0
Physical form mp/°C
1850 dec 1905 1545 619 718 756 954 845
Solubility g/100 g H20
19120 4400
1950
11.6 10.0 8.5 6.7 7.9 2.8 7.30 9.32
reac H2O reac H2O s H2O s H2O s H2O, EtOH s H2O i H2O 21225
3945 2602
8.6 5.769
2602 -51.8 1.4 126
7.287 5.017 g/L 5.590 g/L 1.22
subl 639 623
5.2 2.31 5.12 3.90
850 17810
2.71
17810
850
714
4.57
1210
5.28 3.56 6.45 4.009 6.18 4.15 5.08
205 114.15
6.5 3.34 2.234 2.04
705 subl 364.35
4.78 4.46
s EtOH s H2O, EtOH, ace s alk oxalates sl acid
reac H2O reac H2O
4.21 320 280 dec 1080 dec 400 dec 861 378 dec 881
vs H2O, EtOH s EtOH reac H2O i H2O, alk; sl acid
i H2O; s acid s dil acid
1021
1 540 ≈550 183 215 247.0
reac H2O reac H2O s H2O, EtOH
4.220
1158
dec 50 2341 trans to wh Sn 13.2 231.93 -146
Qualitative solubility
0.9820
18.819
s dil HCl s EtOH, eth, ace s EtOH, ace, eth; i xyl s EtOH, NaOH; vs HCl s H2O; i EtOH, eth, chl s H2O s bz, chl, CS2 i H2O; s dil HCl i H2O, EtOH; s acid i H2O; s conc acid i H2O; s aqua regia i H2O; s conc acid s H2O, dil HCl vs H2O; s EtOH reac H2O; s EtOH, ctc, bz, ace vs H2O; s EtOH s H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, bz, chl, eth i H2O, EtOH; s hot conc alk i H2O; s alk, conc acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-96 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2910 2911
Tin(IV) selenite Tin(IV) sulfide
Sn(SeO3)2 SnS2
7446-25-5 1315-01-1
372.63 182.840
cry powder gold-yel hex cry
600 dec
2912 2913
Titanium Titanocene dichloride
Ti Ti(C5H5)2Cl2
7440-32-6 1271-19-8
47.867 248.959
gray metal; hex red cry
1668 289
2914 2915
Titanium hydride Titanium boride
TiH2 TiB2
7704-98-5 12045-63-5
49.883 69.489
≈450 dec 3225
3.75 4.38
2916 2917 2918 2919
Titanium carbide Titanium nitride Titanium phosphide Titanium silicide
TiC TiN TiP TiSi2
12070-08-5 25583-20-4 12037-65-9 12039-83-7
59.878 61.874 78.841 104.038
gray-blk powder gray refrac solid; hex cub cry yel-brn cub cry gray hex cry blk orth cry
3067 2947 1990 1500
4.93 5.21 4.08 4.0
2920 2921
Titanium(II) bromide Titanium(II) chloride
TiBr2 TiCl2
13783-04-5 10049-06-6
207.675 118.773
blk powder blk hex cryc
dec 400 1035
2922 2923 2924 2925 2926
Titanium(II) iodide Titanium(II) oxide Titanium(II) sulfide Titanium(III) bromide Titanium(III) chloride
TiI2 TiO TiS TiBr3 TiCl3
13783-07-8 12137-20-1 12039-07-5 13135-31-4 7705-07-9
301.676 63.866 79.932 287.579 154.226
dec 400 1770 1927 dec 400 425 dec
2927 2928 2929 2930
Titanium(III) fluoride Titanium(III) iodide Titanium(III) oxide Titanium(III) sulfate
TiF3 TiI3 Ti2O3 Ti2(SO4)3
13470-08-1 13783-08-9 1344-54-3 10343-61-0
104.862 428.580 143.732 383.922
blk hex cry yel cub cry brn hex cry viol hex cry red-viol hex cry; hyg viol hex cry viol cry blk hex cry grn cry
2931 2932 2933
Titanium(III) sulfide Titanium(III,IV) oxide Titanium(IV) bromide
Ti2S3 Ti3O5 TiBr4
12039-16-6 12065-65-5 7789-68-6
191.929 223.598 367.483
2934 2935
Titanium(IV) chloride Titanium(IV) fluoride
TiCl4 TiF4
7550-45-0 7783-63-3
189.679 123.861
blk hex cry blk monocl cry yel-oran cub cry; hyg col or yel liq wh hyg powder
2936 2937 2938 2939
Titanium(IV) iodide Titanium(IV) oxide (anatase) Titanium(IV) oxide (brookite) Titanium(IV) oxide (rutile)
TiI4 TiO2 TiO2 TiO2
7720-83-4 1317-70-0 12188-41-9 1317-80-2
555.485 79.866 79.866 79.866
red hyg powder brn tetr cry wh orth cry wh tetr cry
2940
TiOSO4 ∙ H2O
13825-74-6*
177.944
col orth cry
2941 2942
Titanium(IV) oxysulfate monohydrate Titanium(IV) sulfate Titanium(IV) sulfide
Ti(SO4)2 TiS2
13693-11-3 12039-13-3
239.992 111.997
2943
Tungsten
W
7440-33-7
183.84
2944 2945 2946 2947 2948 2949 2950 2951 2952 2953 2954
Tungstic acid Tungsten boride (W2B) Tungsten boride (WB) Tungsten boride (W2B5) Tungsten carbide (W2C) Tungsten carbide (WC) Tungsten carbonyl Tungsten nitride (WN2) Tungsten nitride (W2N) Tungsten silicide (WSi2) Tungsten silicide (W5Si3)
H2WO4 W2B WB W2B5 W2C WC W(CO)6 WN2 W2N WSi2 W5Si3
7783-03-1 12007-10-2 12007-09-9 12007-98-6 12070-13-2 12070-12-1 14040-11-0 60922-26-1 12033-72-6 12039-88-2 12039-95-1
249.85 378.49 194.65 421.74 379.69 195.85 351.90 211.85 381.69 240.01 1003.46
2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960
Tungsten(II) bromide Tungsten(II) chloride Tungsten(II) iodide Tungsten(III) bromide Tungsten(III) chloride Tungsten(III) iodide
WBr2 WCl2 WI2 WBr3 WCl3 WI3
13470-10-5 13470-12-7 13470-17-2 15163-24-3 20193-56-0 15513-69-6
343.65 254.75 437.65 423.55 290.20 564.55
wh-yel hyg cry yel-brn hex cry; hyg gray-wh metal; cub yel amorp powder refrac blk powder blk refrac powder refrac solid refrac hex cry gray hex cry wh cry hex cry gray cub cry blue-gray tetr cry blue-gray refrac solid yel powder gray solid oran-brn cry blk hex cry red solid blk solid
2961 2962 2963
Tungsten(IV) bromide Tungsten(IV) chloride Tungsten(IV) fluoride
WBr4 WCl4 WF4
14055-81-3 13470-13-8 13766-47-7
503.46 325.65 259.83
blk orth cry blk hyg powder red-brn cry
bp/°C
Density g cm–3 4.5
3287
1500
3227
960
950 dec dec 350 1842
4.506 1.60
4.0 3.13 5.02 4.95 3.85
s hot HF i H2O, EtOH; s dil HCl
1.73 2.798
155 1560
377
1843
≈3000
4.3 3.9 4.17 4.17
reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH reac H2O; s EtOH, py reac H2O
2.71
i H2O, dil acid; s conc acid reac H2O
3.37
s H2O s H2SO4
150 dec
19.3 5.5 16.0 15.2 11.0 14.8 15.6 2.65 7.7 17.8 9.3 14.4
5.44 6.79 subl
240 subl 450 dec dec 800
i H2O, acid, alk; s HF reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH; i chl, eth reac H2O
4.486
136.45 subl 284
dec 400 dec 500 dec 800 dec 180 550 dec dec r.t.
i H2O; s HNO3 i H2O; s aqua regia
i H2O, dil acid, alk
-24.12 377
subl
sl H2O, bz; s chl, EtOH, tol i H2O
2.98
233.5
100 dec 2670 2665 2370 ≈2800 2785 170 dec 600 dec dec 2160 2320
i H2O; s hot HCl i H2O; s alk, aqua regia
2.64
3.56 4.24 3.37
5555
Qualitative solubility
i H2O; s conc acid s H2O reac H2O
1777 38.3
3422
Solubility g/100 g H20
4.62
i H2O, acid; s alk i H2O i H2O i H2O i H2O i H2O; s HNO3/HF i H2O; s os
i H2O
i H2O sl H2O i H2O i H2O reac H2O i H2O; s ace; sl EtOH, chl reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s MeCN; i bz, tol, ctc
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-97
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
2964
Tungsten(IV) iodide
WI4
14055-84-6
691.46
blk cry
dec
2965 2966 2967 2968 2969 2970 2971
Tungsten(IV) oxide Tungsten(IV) selenide Tungsten(IV) sulfide Tungsten(IV) telluride Tungsten(V) bromide Tungsten(V) chloride Tungsten(V) ethanolate
WO2 WSe2 WS2 WTe2 WBr5 WCl5 W(C2H5O)5
12036-22-5 12067-46-8 12138-09-9 12067-76-4 13470-11-6 13470-14-9 62571-53-3
215.84 341.76 247.97 439.04 583.36 361.11 409.14
brn monocl cry gray hex cry gray hex cry gray orth cry brn-blk hyg solid blk-grn hyg cry powder
≈1500 dec
2972 2973 2974 2975 2976
Tungsten(V) fluoride Tungsten(V) oxytribromide Tungsten(V) oxytrichloride Tungsten(VI) bromide Tungsten(VI) chloride
WF5 WOBr3 WOCl3 WBr6 WCl6
19357-83-6 20213-56-3 14249-98-0 13701-86-5 13283-01-7
278.83 439.55 306.20 663.26 396.56
yel solid dark brn tetr cry grn tetr cry blue-blk cry purp hex cry; hyg
2977 2978 2979 2980
Tungsten(VI) dioxydibromide Tungsten(VI) dioxydichloride Tungsten(VI) dioxydiiodide Tungsten(VI) fluoride
WO2Br2 WO2Cl2 WO2I2 WF6
13520-75-7 13520-76-8 14447-89-3 7783-82-6
375.65 286.75 469.65 297.83
red cry yel orth cry grn monocl cry yel liq or col gas
265 400 dec 1.9
17.1
4.67 6.39 3.44
2981
Tungsten(VI) oxide
WO3
1314-35-8
231.84
yel powder
1473
≈1700
7.2
2982 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 2989 2990 2991 2992 2993 2994 2995 2996 2997 2998 2999 3000 3001 3002 3003
Tungsten(VI) oxytetrabromide Tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride Tungsten(VI) oxytetrafluoride Tungsten(VI) sulfide Uranium Uranium boride (UB2) Uranium boride (UB4) Uranium carbide (UC) Uranium carbide (UC2) Uranium carbide (U2C3) Uranium nitride (UN) Uranium nitride (U2N3) Uranium(III) bromide Uranium(III) chloride Uranium(III) fluoride Uranium(III) hydride Uranium(III) iodide Uranium(IV) bromide Uranium(IV) chloride Uranium(IV) fluoride Uranium(IV) iodide Uranium(IV) oxide
WOBr4 WOCl4 WOF4 WS3 U UB2 UB4 UC UC2 U2C3 UN U2N3 UBr3 UCl3 UF3 UH3 UI3 UBr4 UCl4 UF4 UI4 UO2
13520-77-9 13520-78-0 13520-79-1 12125-19-8 7440-61-1 12007-36-2 12007-84-0 12070-09-6 12071-33-9 12076-62-9 25658-43-9 12033-83-9 13470-19-4 10025-93-1 13775-06-9 13598-56-6 13775-18-3 13470-20-7 10026-10-5 10049-14-6 13470-22-9 1344-57-6
519.46 341.65 275.83 280.04 238.029 259.651 281.273 250.040 262.050 512.090 252.036 518.078 477.741 344.388 295.024 241.053 618.742 557.645 379.841 314.023 745.647 270.028
red tetr cry red hyg cry wh monocl cry brn powder silv-wh orth cry refrac solid refrac solid gray cub cry gray tetr cry gray cub cry gray cub cry cub cry red hyg cry grn hyg cry blk hex cry gray-blk cub cry blk hyg cry brn hyg cry grn octahed cry grn monocl cry blk hyg cry brn cub cry
277 210 105
327 230 185.9
≈5.5 11.92 5.07
1135 2430 2530 2790 2350 ≈1700 dec 2805 dec 727 837 1495
4131
19.1 12.7 9.32
3004 3005 3006 3007
Uranium(IV,V) oxide Uranium(V) bromide Uranium(V) chloride Uranium(V) fluoride
U4O9 UBr5 UCl5 UF5
12037-15-9 13775-16-1 13470-21-8 13775-07-0
1096.111 637.549 415.294 333.021
3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3013 3014 3015
Uranium(V,VI) oxide Uranium(VI) chloride Uranium(VI) fluoride Uranium(VI) oxide Uranium(VI) oxide monohydrate Uranium peroxide dihydrate Uranyl acetate dihydrate Uranyl chloride
U3O8 UCl6 UF6 UO3 UO3 ∙ H2O UO4 ∙ 2H2O UO2(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 2H2O UO2Cl2
1344-59-8 13763-23-0 7783-81-5 1344-58-7 12326-21-5 19525-15-6 6159-44-0 7791-26-6
842.082 450.747 352.019 286.027 304.043 338.057 424.146 340.934
cub cry brn hyg cry brn hyg cry pale blue tetr cry; hyg grn-blk orth cry grn hex cry wh monocl solid oran-yel cry yel orth cry yel hyg cry ye cry (HOAc) yel orth cry; hyg
3016 3017
Uranyl fluoride Uranyl hydrogen phosphate tetrahydrate Uranyl nitrate Uranyl nitrate hexahydrate Uranyl sulfate Uranyl sulfate trihydrate Vanadium
UO2F2 UO2HPO4 ∙ 4H2O
13536-84-0 18433-48-2
308.025 438.068
yel hyg solid yel cry pow
UO2(NO3)2 UO2(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O UO2SO4 UO2SO4 ∙ 3H2O V
10102-06-4 13520-83-7 1314-64-3 20910-28-5 7440-62-2
394.037 502.129 366.090 420.137 50.942
yel cry yel orth cry; hyg yel cry yel cry gray-wh metal; cub
3018 3019 3020 3021 3022
1250 dec 1020 286 253
bp/°C 1730
333 286 105(0.05 mmHg)
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
10.8 9.2 7.6 9.43
337
reac H2O; s EtOH; i eth chl i H2O, os i H2O, HCl, alk reac H2O reac H2O s EtAc
3.88
dec 20
309 282
Qualitative solubility
reac H2O
≈5.9 ≈4.6 6.9 3.52
reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, os
440 subl
766 519 590 1036 506 2847
4370
i H2O reac H2O; vs ctc, cyhex i H2O, os; sl acid; s alk reac H2O reac H2O; s bz, CS2 reac H2O sl H2O; s alk
i H2O
11.3 12.7 14.3 11.3
reac H2O; sl EtOH i H2O s H2O vs H2O; i bz, ctc i H2O; s acid
5.51 8.9 11.1
791 1417
4.72 6.7
0.0125
10.97
s H2O s H2O, EtOH reac H2O; s EtOH s conc acid, alk s H2O, EtOH i H2O, dil acid; s conc acid
11.2 287 348 1300 dec 177 64.06 tp
reac H2O reac H2O s H2O
5.81
56.5 sp
570 dec 115 dec 80 dec 577
8.38 3.6 5.09 ≈7.3 7.05
reac H2O; s ctc, chl i H2O; s acid
2.89
64.420
60
118 dec
2.81
1910
3407
3.28 6.0
i H2O sl EtOH vs H2O; s EtOH, ace; i bz i bz i H2O; s acid
12725 12725
s eth s EtOH, eth
15216
sl EtOH i H2O; s acid
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-98 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
3023 3024 3025 3026 3027 3028 3029 3030 3031 3032 3033 3034
Vanadocene Vanadocene dichloride Vanadium boride (VB) Vanadium boride (VB2) Vanadium carbide (VC) Vanadium carbide (V2C) Vanadium carbonyl Vanadium nitride Vanadium silicide (VSi2) Vanadium silicide (V3Si) Vanadium(II) bromide Vanadium(II) chloride
V(C5H5)2 V(C5H5)2Cl2 VB VB2 VC V2C V(CO)6 VN VSi2 V3Si VBr2 VCl2
1277-47-0 12083-48-6 12045-27-1 12007-37-3 12070-10-9 12012-17-8 14024-00-1 24646-85-3 12039-87-1 12039-76-8 14890-41-6 10580-52-6
181.128 252.034 61.753 72.564 62.953 113.894 219.002 64.949 107.113 180.911 210.750 121.848
viol cry; hyg dark grn cry refrac solid refrac solid refrac blk cry; cub hex cry blue-grn cry; flam blk powder; cub metallic prisms cub cry oran-brn hex cry grn hex plates
167 205 dec 2250 2450 2810 2167 60 dec 2050
3035 3036 3037 3038 3039 3040
Vanadium(II) fluoride Vanadium(II) iodide Vanadium(II) oxide Vanadium(II) sulfate heptahydrate Vanadium(III) bromide Vanadium(III) chloride
VF2 VI2 VO VSO4 ∙ 7H2O VBr3 VCl3
13842-80-3 15513-84-5 12035-98-2 36907-42-3 13470-26-3 7718-98-1
88.939 304.751 66.941 273.111 290.654 157.301
1490
3041 3042 3043
Vanadium(III) fluoride Vanadium(III) fluoride trihydrate Vanadium(III) iodide
VF3 VF3 ∙ 3H2O VI3
10049-12-4 10049-12-4* 15513-94-7
107.937 161.983 431.655
3044 3045
Vanadium(III) oxide Vanadium(III) 2,4-pentanedioate
V2O3 V(CH3COCHCOCH3)3
1314-34-7 13476-99-8
149.881 348.266
blue hyg cry red-viol hex cry gray-blk cry viol cry blk-grn hyg cry red-viol hex cry; hyg yel-grn hex cry grn rhomb cry brn-blk rhomb cry; hyg blk powder brn cry
3046 3047 3048 3049
Vanadium(III) sulfate Vanadium(III) sulfide Vanadium(IV) bromide Vanadium(IV) chloride
V2(SO4)3 V2S3 VBr4 VCl4
13701-70-7 1315-03-3 13595-30-7 7632-51-1
390.071 198.078 370.558 192.754
yel powder grn-blk powder unstab purp cry red-brn liq
≈400 dec dec -23 dec -28
3050 3051 3052 3053 3054 3055
Vanadium(IV) fluoride Vanadium(IV) oxide Vanadium(V) fluoride Vanadium(V) dioxide fluoride Vanadium(V) dioxide chloride Vanadium(V) oxide
VF4 VO2 VF5 VO2F VO2Cl V2O5
10049-16-8 12036-21-4 7783-72-4 14259-82-6 13759-30-3 1314-62-1
126.936 82.941 145.934 101.939 118.394 181.880
grn hyg powder blue-blk powder col liq brn hyg cry oran hyg cry yel-brn orth cry
325 dec 1967 19.5 350 dec dec 180 681
3056 3057 3058 3059 3060 3061 3062 3063 3064 3065
Vanadium(V) sulfide Vanadyl bromide Vanadyl chloride Vanadyl dibromide Vanadyl dichloride Vanadyl difluoride Vanadyl selenite hydrate Vanadyl sulfate dihydrate Vanadyl tribromide Vanadyl trichloride
V2S5 VOBr VOCl VOBr2 VOCl2 VOF2 VOSeO3 ∙ H2O VOSO4 ∙ 2H2O VOBr3 VOCl3
12138-17-9 13520-88-2 13520-87-1 13520-89-3 10213-09-9 13814-83-0 133578-89-9 27774-13-6 13520-90-6 7727-18-6
262.208 146.845 102.394 226.749 137.847 104.938 211.92 199.035 306.653 173.300
grn-blk pow viol cry brn orth cry yel-brn cry grn hyg cry yel cry grn tricl plates blue cry powder deep red liq fuming red-yel liq
dec 480 dec
3066 3067 3068 3069 3070
Vanadyl trifluoride Water Water-d2 Water-t2 Xenon
VOF3 H2O D2O T2O Xe
13709-31-4 7732-18-5 7789-20-0 14940-65-9 7440-63-3
123.936 18.015 20.027 22.032 131.293
yel hyg powder col liq col liq col liq col gas
3071 3072
Xenon trioxide Xenon tetroxide
XeO3 XeO4
13776-58-4 12340-14-6
179.291 195.291
3073 3074 3075 3076
Xenon difluoride Xenon tetrafluoride Xenon hexafluoride Xenon fluoride oxide
XeF2 XeF4 XeF6 XeOF2
13709-36-9 13709-61-0 13693-09-9 13780-64-8
169.290 207.287 245.283 185.289
3077 3078 3079 3080
Xenon oxytetrafluoride Xenon dioxydifluoride Xenon difluoride trioxide Xenon pentafluoride hexafluoroarsenate
XeOF4 XeO2F2 XeO3F2 XeF5AsF6
13774-85-1 13875-06-4 15192-14-0 20328-94-3
223.286 201.289 217.288 415.197
col orth cry yel solid or col gas; exp col tetr cry col monocl cry col monocl cry yel solid, stab <-25 col liq col orth cry unstab at r.t. wh monocl cry
bp/°C
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility s bz, thf s H2O, chl, EtOH i H2O
5.77
i H2O
6.13 4.42 5.70 4.58 3.23
i H2O; s aqua regia s HF
subl
1935 1350
Density g cm–3
800 subl 910 subl
subl 800
5.44 5.758
dec 500 500 dec
subl
4.00 3.00
1395 ≈100 dec dec 300
subl
3.363
1957 ≈185
≈3000 subl
1790
reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, eth reac H2O reac H2O s acid reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, eth i H2O, EtOH sl H2O reac H2O
5.21 4.87 ≈1.0
i H2O s MeOH, ace, bz chl sl H2O i H2O; s hot HCl
4.7 151
1.816
subl 48.3
3.15 4.339 2.50
1750
3.35 3.0
127 180 dec 380 dec
0.0725
reac H2O; s EtOH, eth vs H2O i H2O; s acid, alk reac H2O reac H2O s thf s conc acid, alk; i EtOH i H2O; s acid, alk
1.72 2.88
reac H2O; s EtOH
3.506 -59 -79
170 127
1.829
300 0.00 3.82 4.48 -111.745 tp (81.6 kPa) exp ≈25 -35.9
480 99.974 101.42 101.51 -108.09
2.459 0.997025 1.104425 1.213825 5.366 g/L
129.03 tp 117.10 tp 49.48 exp ≈0
114.35 sp 115.75 sp 75.6
-46.2 30.8 exp -54.1 130.5
s H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s MeOH, eth, ace reac H2O vs EtOH, MeOH, ace
sl H2O
4.55
s H2O
4.32 4.04 3.56
sl H2O reac H2O reac H2O reac H2O
3.170 4.10
reac H2O
≈0 dec
exp 3.51
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-99
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
3081
XeF5RuF6
39796-98-0
441.35
grn orth cry
152
3.79
XeF3SbF6
39797-63-2
424.039
3.92
Xe2F3AsF6
50432-32-1
508.494
99
3.62
3084
Xenon fluoride hexafluororuthenate
XeFRuF6
22527-13-5
365.35
110
3.78
3085
XeFSb2F11
15364-10-0
602.794
63
3.69
XeF3Sb2F11
35718-37-7
640.791
yel-grn tricl cry
82
3.98
3087 3088 3089 3090 3091 3092 3093 3094 3095 3096 3097 3098 3099 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110
Xenon fluoride undecafluoroantimonate Xenon trifluoride undecafluoroantimonate Ytterbium Ytterbium silicide Ytterbium(II) bromide Ytterbium(II) chloride Ytterbium(II) fluoride Ytterbium(II) iodide Ytterbium(III) acetate tetrahydrate Ytterbium(III) bromide Ytterbium(III) chloride Ytterbium(III) chloride hexahydrate Ytterbium(III) fluoride Ytterbium(III) iodide Ytterbium(III) nitrate Ytterbium(III) oxide Ytterbium(III) sulfate octahydrate Yttrium Yttrium aluminum oxide Yttrium antimonide Yttrium arsenide Yttrium boride Yttrium bromide Yttrium carbide Yttrium carbonate trihydrate Yttrium chloride
yel-grn monocl cry yel-grn monocl cry yel-grn monocl cry yel monocl cry
≈110
3083
Xenon pentafluoride hexafluororuthenate Xenon fluoride hexafluoroantimonate Xenon fluoride hexafluoroarsenate
Yb YbSi2 YbBr2 YbCl2 YbF2 YbI2 Yb(C2H3O2)3 ∙ 4H2O YbBr3 YbCl3 YbCl3 ∙ 6H2O YbF3 YbI3 Yb(NO3)3 Yb2O3 Yb2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Y Y3Al5O12 YSb YAs YB6 YBr3 YC2 Y2(CO3)3 ∙ 3H2O YCl3
7440-64-4 12039-89-3 25502-05-0 13874-77-6 15192-18-4 19357-86-9 15280-58-7 13759-89-2 10361-91-8 19423-87-1 13760-80-0 13813-44-0 13768-67-7 1314-37-0 10034-98-7 7440-65-5 12005-21-9 12186-97-9 12255-48-0 12008-32-1 13469-98-2 12071-35-1 5970-44-5 10361-92-9
173.04 229.21 332.85 243.95 211.04 426.85 422.23 412.75 279.40 387.49 230.04 553.75 359.06 394.08 778.39 88.906 593.619 210.666 163.828 153.772 328.618 112.927 411.885 195.265
824
3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3118 3119 3120 3121 3122 3123
Yttrium chloride hexahydrate Yttrium fluoride Yttrium hydroxide Yttrium iodide Yttrium iron oxide Yttrium nitrate Yttrium nitrate tetrahydrate Yttrium nitrate hexahydrate Yttrium oxide Yttrium phosphide Yttrium sulfate octahydrate Yttrium sulfide Zinc
YCl3 ∙ 6H2O YF3 Y(OH)3 YI3 Y3Fe5O12 Y(NO3)3 Y(NO3)3 ∙ 4H2O Y(NO3)3 ∙ 6H2O Y2O3 YP Y2(SO4)3 ∙ 8H2O Y2S3 Zn
10025-94-2 13709-49-4 16469-22-0 13470-38-7 12063-56-8 10361-93-0 13773-69-8 13494-98-9 1314-36-9 12294-01-8 7446-33-5 12039-19-9 7440-66-6
303.356 145.901 139.928 469.619 737.936 274.921 346.982 383.012 225.810 119.880 610.122 274.007 65.409
3124 3125 3126 3127 3128 3129 3130 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140
Zinc acetate dihydrate Zinc ammonium sulfate Zinc antimonide Zinc arsenate Zinc arsenate octahydrate Zinc arsenide Zinc arsenite Zinc borate Zinc borate hemiheptahydrate Zinc borate pentahydrate Zinc bromate hexahydrate Zinc bromide Zinc caprylate Zinc carbonate Zinc carbonate hydroxide Zinc chlorate Zinc chloride
Zn(C2H3O2)2 ∙ 2H2O Zn(NH4)2(SO4)2 ZnSb Zn3(AsO4)2 Zn3(AsO4)2 ∙ 8H2O Zn3As2 Zn(AsO2)2 3ZnO ∙ 2B2O3 2ZnO ∙ 3B2O3 ∙ 3.5H2O 2ZnO ∙ 3B2O3 ∙ 5H2O Zn(BrO3)2 ∙ 6H2O ZnBr2 Zn(C8H15O2)2 ZnCO3 3Zn(OH)2 ∙ 2ZnCO3 Zn(ClO3)2 ZnCl2
5970-45-6 7783-24-6 12039-35-9 13464-44-3 13464-45-4 12006-40-5 10326-24-6 27043-84-1 12513-27-8 12536-65-1 13517-27-6 7699-45-8 557-09-5 3486-35-9 12070-69-8 10361-95-2 7646-85-7
219.527 293.611 187.169 474.065 618.187 346.070 279.250 383.466 434.69 461.753 429.305 225.217 351.816 125.418 549.107 232.311 136.315
silv metal; cub hex cry yel cry grn cry gray solid blk cry hyg col cry col cry wh hyg powder grn hyg cry wh cry yel cry col hyg solid col cub cry col cry silv metal; hex grn cub cry cub cry cub cry refrac solid col hyg cry refrac solid red-brn powder wh monocl cry; hyg hyg col cry wh hyg powder wh prec or pow hyg wh-yel cry cub cry wh hyg solid red-wh prisms hyg cry wh cry; cub cub cry red monocl cry yel cub cry blue-wh metal; hex wh powder wh cry silv-wh orth cry wh powder wh monocl cry powder col powder wh amorp powder wh cry wh powder wh hyg solid wh hex cry; hyg wh hyg cry wh hex cry wh powder yel hyg cry wh hyg cry
3082
3086
bp/°C
1196
673 721 1407 772 dec 70 956 dec 854 150 dec 1157 dec 700
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
reac H2O
6.90 7.54
s dil acid
5.27
2.09
2.57 8.2 23925
2355
4070
1522
3345
2310 2600 904 ≈2400 721
9.2 3.3 4.47 ≈4.5 5.97 5.59 3.72
1482
reac H2O; s dil acid
2.61
75.120
907
5.03 ≈4.4 2.6 3.87 7.134
237 dec
1.735
565
6.33 3.33 5.528
1015
980
≈670
732
i H2O; s dil acid vs H2O vs H2O; s EtOH i H2O i H2O s H2O, ace, EtOH
4.0
2439
60 dec 290
38.420
83.330
2.68
100 402 136 140 dec
reac H2O reac H2O i H2O reac H2O vs H2O s H2O s H2O vs H2O i H2O s H2O s EtOH s dil acid
4.13
dec 100 1155 dec 190 997 1555
1925 419.53
Qualitative solubility
14925 14925 14925
s EtOH
s dil acid 7.4716 s acid, alk 30.020 9.220 0.00007820 0.00007820
s EtOH reac H2O s acid, alk s acid, alk
3.64 4.22 3.64 2.57 4.5
48825
4.434
0.00009120
i H2O; s acid sl H2O; s dil acid i H2O sl HCl vs H2O vs EtOH; s eth sl H2O s dil acid, alk
2.15 2.907
20020 40825
vs H2O; s EtOH, ace
0.00725
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-100 No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
3141 3142 3143
Zinc chromate Zinc chromite Zinc citrate dihydrate
ZnCrO4 ZnCr2O4 Zn3(C6H5O7)2 ∙ 2H2O
13530-65-9 12018-19-8 546-46-3
181.403 233.399 610.456
yel prisms grn cub cry col powder
3144 3145
Zinc cyanide Zinc diethyl
Zn(CN)2 Zn(C2H5)2
557-21-1 557-20-0
117.443 123.531
wh powder col liq
3146 3147
Zinc dithionate Zinc fluoride
ZnS2O4 ZnF2
7779-86-4 7783-49-5
193.537 103.406
3148 3149 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161
Zinc fluoride tetrahydrate Zinc fluoroborate hexahydrate Zinc formate dihydrate Zinc hexafluorosilicate hexahydrate Zinc hydroxide Zinc iodate Zinc iodide Zinc laurate Zinc molybdate Zinc nitrate Zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zinc nitride Zinc nitrite Zinc oleate
ZnF2 ∙ 4H2O Zn(BF4)2 ∙ 6H2O Zn(CHO2)2 ∙ 2H2O ZnSiF6 ∙ 6H2O Zn(OH)2 Zn(IO3)2 ZnI2 Zn(C12H23O2)2 ZnMoO4 Zn(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 ∙ 6H2O Zn3N2 Zn(NO2)2 Zn(C18H33O2)2
13986-18-0 27860-83-9 5970-62-7 16871-71-9 20427-58-1 7790-37-6 10139-47-6 2452-01-9 13767-32-3 7779-88-6 10196-18-6 1313-49-1 10102-02-0 557-07-3
175.468 347.109 191.474 315.576 99.424 415.214 319.218 464.029 225.35 189.418 297.510 224.240 157.420 628.316
wh amorp solid wh tetr needles; hyg wh orth cry hex cry wh cry wh cry col orth cry wh cry powder wh-yel hyg cry wh powder wh tetr cry wh powder col orth cry blue-gray cub cry hyg solid wh powder
3162 3163 3164 3165 3166
Zinc oxalate Zinc oxalate dihydrate Zinc tartrate dihydrate Zinc oxide Zinc 2,4-pentanedioate
ZnC2O4 ZnC2O4 ∙ 2H2O ZnC4H4O6 ∙ 2H2O ZnO Zn(CH3COCHCOCH3)2
547-68-2 4255-07-6 22570-08-7 1314-13-2 14024-63-6
153.428 189.458 249.511 81.408 263.625
wh pwd wh powder wh cry pow wh powder; hex cry
3167
Zinc pentanoate dihydrate
Zn(C5H9O2)2 ∙ 2H2O
556-38-7
303.687
scales or powder
3168 3169 3170
Zinc perchlorate hexahydrate Zinc permanganate hexahydrate Zinc peroxide
Zn(ClO4)2 ∙ 6H2O Zn(MnO4)2 ∙ 6H2O ZnO2
10025-64-6 23414-72-4 1314-22-3
372.402 411.372 97.408
wh cub cry; hyg blk orth cry; hyg yel-wh powder
3171 3172
Zinc phosphate Zinc phosphate tetrahydrate
Zn3(PO4)2 Zn3(PO4)2 ∙ 4H2O
7779-90-0 7543-51-3
386.170 458.231
wh monocl cry col orth cry
900
4.0 3.04
3173
Zinc phosphide
Zn3P2
1314-84-7
258.175
gray tetr cry
1160
4.55
3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179
Zinc pyrophosphate Zinc selenate pentahydrate Zinc selenide Zinc orthosilicate Zinc selenite Zinc stearate
Zn2P2O7 ZnSeO4 ∙ 5H2O ZnSe Zn2SiO4 ZnSeO3 Zn(C18H35O2)2
7446-26-6 13597-54-1 1315-09-9 13597-65-4 13597-46-1 557-05-1
304.761 298.44 144.37 222.902 192.37 632.348
wh cry powder tricl cry yel-red cub cry wh hex cry wh powder wh powder
50 dec >1100 1509 621 130
3180 3181 3182 3183
Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfate monohydrate Zinc sulfate heptahydrate Zinc sulfide (sphalerite)
ZnSO4 ZnSO4 ∙ H2O ZnSO4 ∙ 7H2O ZnS
7733-02-0 7446-19-7 7446-20-0 1314-98-3
161.472 179.487 287.578 97.474
col orth cry wh monocl cry col orth cry gray-wh cub cry
3184 3185 3186 3187 3188
Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) Zinc sulfite dihydrate Zinc telluride Zinc thiocyanate Zirconium
ZnS ZnSO3 ∙ 2H2O ZnTe Zn(SCN)2 Zr
1314-98-3 7488-52-0 1315-11-3 557-42-6 7440-67-7
97.474 181.503 193.01 181.573 91.224
3189 3190
Zirconocene dichloride Zirconium boride
Zr(C5H5)2Cl2 ZrB2
1291-32-3 12045-64-6
292.316 112.846
3191
Zirconium carbide
ZrC
12020-14-3
103.235
3192
Zirconium nitride
ZrN
25658-42-8
105.231
wh hex cry wh powder red cub cry wh hyg cry gray-wh metal; hex col cry gray refrac solid; hex gray refrac solid; cub yel cub cry
3193 3194
Zirconium phosphide Zirconium silicide
ZrP2 ZrSi2
12037-80-8 12039-90-6
153.172 147.395
orth cry gray powder
bp/°C
316
Density g cm–3 3.40 5.29
-28
118
1.852 1.2065
200 dec 872
1500
4.9 2.30 2.12 2.207
125 dec 450 128 >700
3.05 625
4.74
Solubility g/100 g H20
3.08
s acid; i ace
0.0004720
sl H2O; s dil acid, alk reac acid reac H2O; msc eth, peth, bz
4020 1.5525
2.067 6.22
5.220 0.00004220 0.6425 43825
12025 12025
70 dec
100 dec dec 150 1974 137 dec
2.56
>150 dec
680 dec 238 dec 100 dec trans wurtzite 1020 1700 200 dec 1239
0.002625 0.002625 0.02220
5.6
106 dec 212 exp
subl
2.2 2.45 1.57
3.75 2.59 5.65 4.1
121.325
63.425
subl
57.725 57.725 57.725
0.22425
1854.7
4409
248 3050
subl 150
6.52
vs H2O; s EtOH, eth sl H2O i H2O vs EtOH i H2O reac H2O i H2O; s EtOH, eth, bz s dil acid i H2O; s dil acid sl H2O; s EtOH, DMSO sl H2O; reac acid; s EtOH s EtOH s H2O; reac EtOH i H2O; reac acid, EtOH, ace i H2O i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid, alk i H2O, EtOH; reac acid; s bz i H2O; s dil acid
i H2O, EtOH, eth; s bz
4.09 5.9
vs H2O; s EtOH i EtOH s H2O
i H2O; s dil acid i H2O, dil acid
1.095 3.8 3.20 1.97 4.04
sl H2O
1.5525
4.3
36 dec 700 dec
Qualitative solubility
i EtOH i EtOH i H2O, EtOH; s dil acid i H2O; s dil acid i EtOH i H2O sl H2O; s EtOH s hot conc acid
6.17
3532
6.73
s HF
2952
7.09
s conc HF; sl dil acid
1620
≈5.1 4.88
i H2O, aqua regia; s HF
Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds
4-101
No.
Name
Formula
CAS Reg No.
Mol. weight
Physical form mp/°C
3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 3201 3202 3203 3204 3205
ZrBr2 ZrCl2 ZrF2 ZrH2 ZrI2 ZrBr3 ZrCl3 ZrF3 ZrI3 Zr(C2H3O2)2(OH)2 Zr(NH4)3OH(CO3)3 ∙ 2H2O
24621-17-8 13762-26-0 13842-94-9 7704-99-6 15513-85-6 24621-18-9 10241-03-9 13814-22-7 13779-87-8 14311-93-4 12616-24-9*
251.032 162.130 129.221 93.240 345.033 330.936 197.583 148.219 471.937 243.327 362.404
blue-blk cry blk cry blk cry gray tetr cry blk cry dark blue cry dark blue cry blue-grn cry dark blue cry wh amorp solid prisms; unstab
dec 400 772 902 800 dec 827 dec 300 627 927 727
3206 3207
Zirconium(II) bromide Zirconium(II) chloride Zirconium(II) fluoride Zirconium(II) hydride Zirconium(II) iodide Zirconium(III) bromide Zirconium(III) chloride Zirconium(III) fluoride Zirconium(III) iodide Zirconium(IV) acetate hydroxide Zirconium(IV) ammonium carbonate dihydrate Zirconium(IV) bromide Zirconium(IV) chloride
ZrBr4 ZrCl4
13777-25-8 10026-11-6
410.840 233.036
450 tp 437 tp
360 sp 331 sp
3.98 2.80
3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214
Zirconium(IV) fluoride Zirconium(IV) hydroxide Zirconium(IV) iodide Zirconium(IV) nitrate pentahydrate Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate Zirconium(IV) oxide Zirconium(IV) pyrophosphate
ZrF4 Zr(OH)4 ZrI4 Zr(NO3)4 ∙ 5H2O ZrSiO4 ZrO2 ZrP2O7
7783-64-4 14475-63-9 13986-26-0 13746-89-9 10101-52-7 1314-23-4 13565-97-4
167.218 159.254 598.842 429.320 183.308 123.223 265.167
wh cub cry wh monocl cry; hyg wh monocl cry wh amorp powder yel-oran cub cry wh hyg cry wh tetr cry wh amorp powder wh refrac solid
910 dec 500 100 dec 1540 dec 2710 dec 1550
912 sp 431 sp
4.43 3.25 4.85
4300
4.6 5.68
3215 3216 3217 3218 3219 3220
Zirconium(IV) sulfate Zirconium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate Zirconium(IV) sulfide Zirconium(IV) tungstate Zirconyl chloride Zirconyl chloride octahydrate
Zr(SO4)2 Zr(SO4)2 ∙ 4H2O ZrS2 Zr(WO4)2 ZrOCl2 ZrOCl2 ∙ 8H2O
14644-61-2 7446-31-3 12039-15-5 16853-74-0 7699-43-6 13520-92-8
283.349 355.411 155.354 586.90 178.129 322.252
wh hyg cry wh tetr cry red-brn hex cry grn pow wh solid tetr cry
bp/°C
Density g cm–3
Solubility g/100 g H20
Qualitative solubility
3.16
reac H2O
5.6
i H2O
3.05 4.26
reac H2O i H2O; s acid s H2O s H2O reac H2O reac H2O; s EtOH, eth 1.525
410 dec 100 dec 1550
3.22 2.80 3.87
i H2O; s acid vs H2O vs H2O; s EtOH i H2O, acid i H2O; sl acid i H2O, dil acid; s HF s H2O; sl EtOH vs H2O i H2O
250 dec 400 dec
1.91
s H2O, EtOH vs H2O, EtOH
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE RARE EARTH METALS K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. TABLE 1. Data for the Trivalent Ions of the Rare Earth Elements Rare earth Scandium Yttrium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Symbol Sc Y La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Atomic no. 21 39 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Atomic wt.a 44.955910 88.90585 138.9055 140.115 140.90765 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.965 157.25 158.92534 162.50 164.93032 167.26 168.93421 173.04 174.967
No. 4f electrons 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Electronic configuration for R3+ S — — — 1/2 1 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 3 5/2 2 3/2 1 1/2 —
L — — — 3 5 6 6 5 3 0 3 5 6 6 5 3 —
J — — — 5/2 4 9/2 4 5/2 0 7/2 6 15/2 8 15/2 6 7/2 —
Spectroscopic ground state symbol — — — 2 F5/2 3 H4 4 I9/2 5 I4 6 H5/2 7 F0 8 S7/2 7 F6 6 H15/2 5 I8 4 I15/2 3 H6 2 F7/2 —
Note: For additional information, see Goldschmidt, Z.B., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978; DeLaeter, J.R., and Heumann, K.G., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 20, 1313 , 1991; Pure Appl. Chem., 66, 2423, 1994. a 1993 standard atomic weights.
TABLE 2. Crystallographic Data for the Rare Earth Metals at 24°C (297 K) or Below Rare earth metal αSc αY αLa αCeb βCe γCec αPr αNd αPm αSm Eu αGd α′Tbe αTb α′Dyf αDy Ho Er Tm αYbg βYb Lu
Crystal structurea hcp hcp dhcp fcc dhcp fcc dhcp dhcp dhcp rhombd bcc hcp ortho hcp ortho hcp hcp hcp hcp hcp fcc hcp
ao 3.3088 3.6482 3.7740 4.85b 3.6810 5.1610 3.6721 3.6582 3.65 3.6290d 4.5827 3.6336 3.605e 3.6055 3.595f 3.5915 3.5778 3.5592 3.5375 3.8799g 5.4848 3.5052
Lattice constants (Å) bo co — 5.2680 — 5.7318 — 12.171 — — — 11.857 — — — 11.8326 — 11.7966 — 11.65 — 26.207 — — — 5.7810 6.244e 5.706e — 5.6966 6.184f 5.678f — 5.6501 — 5.6178 — 5.5850 — 5.5540 — 6.3859g — — — 5.5494
Metallic radius CN = 12 (Å) 1.6406 1.8012 1.8791 1.72b 1.8321 1.8247 1.8279 1.8214 1.811 1.8041 2.0418 1.8013 1.784e 1.7833 1.774f 1.7740 1.7661 1.7566 1.7462 1.9451g 1.9392 1.7349
Atomic volume (cm3/mol) 15.039 19.893 22.602 17.2b 20.947 20.696 20.803 20.583 20.24 20.000 28.979 19.903 19.34e 19.310 19.00f 19.004 18.752 18.449 18.124 25.067g 24.841 17.779
Density (g/cm3) 2.989 4.469 6.146 8.16b 6.689 6.770 6.773 7.008 7.264 7.520 5.244 7.901 8.219e 8.230 8.551f 8.551 8.795 9.066 9.321 6.903g 6.966 9.841
Note: For additional information, see Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Calderwood, F.W., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 8, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1986; Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., Pecharsky, V.K., Cho, Jaephil and Martin, S.W., Scripta Mater., 1996, to be published. a hcp = hexagonal close-packed; P63/mmc, hP2, A3, Mg-type; dhcp = double-c hexagonal close-packed; P63/mmc, hP4, A3, αLa-type; fcc = face-centered cubic; Fm 3 m, cF4, A1, Cu-type; rhomb = rhombohedral; R 3 m, hR3, αSm-type; bcc = body-centered cubic; Im 3 m, cI2, A2, W-type; ortho = orthorhombic; Cmcm, oC4, α Dy-type. b At 77 K (–196°C). c Equilibrium room temperature (standard state) phase. d Rhombohedral is the primitive cell. Lattice parameters given are for the nonprimitive hexagonal cell. d At 220 K (–53°C). f At 86 K (–187°C). g At 23°C.
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TABLE 3. Crystallographic Data for Rare Earth Metals at High Temperature Rare earth metal βSc βY βLa γLa δCe βPr βNd βPm βSm
Structure bcc bcc fcc bcc bcc bcc bcc bcc hcp
γSm βGd βTb βDy γYb
bcc bcc bcc bcc bcc
Lattice parameter (Å) 3.73 (est.) 4.10a 5.303 4.26 4.12 4.13 4.13 4.10 (est.) a = 3.6630 c = 5.8448 4.10 (est.) 4.06 4.07a 4.03a 4.44
Temp. (°C) 1337 1478 325 887 757 821 883 890 450b 922 1265 1289 1381 763c
Metallic radius CN = 8 (Å) CN = 12 (Å) 1.62 1.66 1.78 1.83 — 1.875 1.84 1.90 1.78 1.84 1.79 1.84 1.79 1.84 1.78 1.83 — 1.8176 1.77 1.76 1.76 1.75 1.92
1.82 1.81 1.81 1.80 1.98
Atomic volume (cm3/mol) 15.6 20.8 22.45 23.3 21.1 21.2 21.2 20.8 20.450
Density (g/ cm3) 2.88 4.28 6.187 5.97 6.65 6.64 6.80 6.99 7.353
20.8 20.2 20.3 19.7 26.4
7.25 7.80 7.82 8.23 6.57
Note: The rare earths Eu, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu are monomorphic. For additional information, see Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Calderwood, F.W., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 8, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1986, 1. a Determined by extrapolation to 0% solute of a vs. composition data for R-Mg alloys at 24°C and corrected for thermal expansion to temperature given. b The hcp phase was stabilized by impurities and the temperature of measurement was below the equilibrium transition temperature (see Table 4). c The bcc phase was stabilized by impurities and the temperature of measurement was below the equilibrium transition temperature (see Table 4).
TABLE 4. High Temperature Transition Temperatures and Melting Point of Rare Earth Metals Rare earth metal Sc Y Lab Cec,d Pr Nd Pm Sme Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Transition I (α – β)a Phases Temp. (°C) 1337 hcp bcc 1478 hcp bcc 310 dhcp fcc 139 dhcp fcc (β - γ) 795 dhcp bcc 863 dhcp bcc 890 dhcp bcc 734 rhom hcp — — 1235 hcp bcc 1289 hcp bcc 1381 hcp bcc — — — — — — 795 fcc bcc (β - γ) — —
Transition II (β – γ)a Temp. (C°) Phases — — — — 865 fcc bcc 726 fcc bcc (γ - δ) — — — — — — 922 hcp bcc — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Melting point (C°) 1541 1522 918 798 931 1021 1042 1074 822 1313 1356 1412 1474 1529 1545 819 1663
Note: For additional information, see Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Calderwood, F.W., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 8, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1986; Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., Pecharsky, V.K., Cho, Jaephil and Martin, S.W., Scripta Mater., 34, 1717, 1996. a For all the transformations listed, unless otherwise noted. b On cooling, fcc → dhcp (β → α), 260°C. c The β γ equilibrium transition temperature is 10 ± 5°C. d On cooling, fcc → dhcp (γ → β), –16°C. e On cooling, hcp → rhomb (β → α), 727°C.
TABLE 5. Low Temperature Transition Temperatures of the Rare Earth Metals Rare earth metal Ce
Tb Dy Yb
Transformation γ → βa γ→α β→α α → α′ α → α′ β→α
Cooling °C –16 –172 –228 –53 –187 –13
K 257 101 45 220 86 260
Rare earth metal Ce
Yb
Transformation α→β α→β+γ β → γa α→β
Heating °C –148 –104 139 7
K 125 169 412 280
Note: For additional information, see Beaudry, B.J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173; Koskenmaki, D.C. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., 1978, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 337; Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., Pecharsky, V.K., Cho, Jaephil and Martin, S.W., Scripta Mater., 34, 1717, 1996. a The β γ equilibrium transition temperature is 10 ± 5°C (283 ± 5K).
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TABLE 6. Heat Capacity, Standard Entropy, Heats of Transformation, and Fusion of the Rare Earth Metals Rare earth metal Sc Y La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Heat capacity at 298 K (J/mol K) 25.5 26.5 27.1 26.9 27.2 27.5 27.3a 29.5 27.7 37.0 28.9 27.7 27.2 28.1 27.0 26.7 26.9
Standard entropy S°298 (J/mol K) 34.6 44.4 56.9 72.0 73.2 71.5 71.6a 69.6 77.8 68.1 73.2 75.6 75.3 73.2 74.0 59.9 51.0
trans. 1 αβ αβ αβ βγ αβ αβ αβ αβ — αβ αβ αβ — — — βγ —
Heat of transformation (kJ/mol) ∆Htr1 trans. 2 ∆Htr2 4.00 — — 4.99 — — 0.36 βγ 3.12 0.05 γδ 2.99 3.17 — — 3.03 — — 3.0a — — 0.2a βγ 3.11 — — — 3.91 — — 5.02 — — 4.16 — — — — — — — — — — — 1.75 — — — — —
Heat of fusion (kJ/mol) 14.1 11.4 6.20 5.46 6.89 7.14 7.7a 8.62 9.21 10.0 10.79 11.06 17.0a 19.9 16.8 7.66 22a
Note: For additional information, see Hultgren, R., Desai, P.D., Hawkins, D.T., Gleiser, M., Kelley, K.K., and Wagman, D.D., Selected Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1973; Wagman, D.D., Evans, W.H., Parker, V.B., Schumm, R.H., Halow, I., Bailey, S.M., Churney, K.L., and Nuttall, R.L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl 2, 1982; Amitin, E.B., Bessergenev, W.G., Kovalevskaya, Yu. A., and Paukov, I.E., J. Chem. Thermodyn., 15, 181, 1983; Amitin, E.B., Bessergenev, W.G., Kovalevskaya, Yu. A., and Paukov, I.E., J. Chem. Thermodyn., 15, 181, 1983. a Estimated.
TABLE 7. Vapor Pressures, Boiling Points, and Heats of Sublimation of Rare Earth Metals Rare earth metal Sc Y La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Temperature in °Ca for a vapor pressure of 10 atm 10–6 atm 10–4 atm 10–2 atm (0.001 Pa) (0.101 Pa) (10.1Pa) (1013 Pa) 1036 1243 1533 1999 1222 1460 1812 2360 1301 1566 1938 2506 1290 1554 1926 2487 1083 1333 1701 2305 955 1175 1500 2029 — — — — 508 642 835 1150 399 515 685 964 1167 1408 1760 2306 1124 1354 1698 2237 804 988 1252 1685 845 1036 1313 1771 908 1113 1405 1896 599 748 964 1300 301 400 541 776 1241 1483 1832 2387 –8
Boiling pointa (°C) 2836 3345 3464 3443 3520 3074 3000b 1794 1529 3273 3230 2567 2700 2868 1950 1196 3402
Heat of sublimation at 25°C (kJ/mol) 377.8 424.7 431.0 422.6 355.6 327.6 348b 206.7 175.3 397.5 388.7 290.4 300.8 317.1 232.2 152.1 427.6
Note: For additional information, see Hultgren, R., Desai, P.D., Hawkins, D.T., Gleiser, M., Kelley, K.K., and Wagman, D.D., Selected Values of the Thermodynamic Properties of the Elements, ASM International, Metals Park, Ohio, 1973; Beaudry, B.J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173. a International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) values. b Estimated.
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TABLE 8. Magnetic Properties of the Rare Earth Metals Effective magnetic moment Rare Paramagnetic at ~298 K Ferromagnetic at ~0 K 6 earth χA × 10 at 298 metal K (emu/mol) Theorya Obs. Theoryb Obs. αSc 295.2 — — — — αY 187.7 — — — — 95.9 — — — — αLa 105 — — — — βLa γCe 2,270 2.54 2.52 2.14 — βCe 2,500 2.54 2.61 2.14 — αPr 5,530 3.58 3.56 3.20 2.7c αNd 5,930 3.62 3.45 3.27 2.2c αPm — 2.68 — 2.40 — 0.85 1.74 0.71 0.5c αSm 1,278d Eu 30,900 7.94 8.48 7.0 5.9 7.94 7.98 7.0 7.63 185,000e αGd αTb 170,000 9.72 9.77 — — α′Tb — — — 9.0 9.34 98,000 10.64 10.83 — — αDy α′Dy — — — 10.0 10.33 Ho 72,900 10.60 11.2 10.0 10.34 Er 48,000 9.58 9.9 9.0 9.1 Tm 24,700 7.56 7.61 7.0 7.14 — — — — βYb 67d Lu 182.9 — — — —
Easy axis — — — — — — a b — a <110> 30° to c — b — a b 30° to c c — —
Curie temp. Cubic sites TC (K) c — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.4 — — 12.5 — — — — — 7.5 — 0 — — — 14.0 — — 90.4 — — — 293.4 317 — — 195 — 219.5 — — — 121 — — 90.5g — 19.5 73.0 — 18.7 61.7 — 32.0 41.0 — — — — — —
Néel temp. TN (K) Hex sites — — — — — 13.7 0.03 19.9 — 109 — — 230.0 — 180.2 — 132 85 58 — —
θp (K) ⊥c — — — — — — — 5 — — — 317 239 — 169 — 88.0 32.5 –17.0 — —
Polycryst. or avg. — — — — –50 –41 0 3.3 — — 100 317 224 — 153 — 83.0 42.2 2.3 — —
Note: For additional information, see McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., NorthHolland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411; Legvold, S., in Ferromagnetic Materials, Vol. 1, Wohlfarth, E.P., Ed., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1980, 183; Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Fort, D., Phys. Rev. B, 47, 5063, 1993; Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Fort, D., 1996, to be published; Steward, A.M. and Collocott, S.J., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 1, 677, 1988. a g[J(J + 1)]1/2. b gJ. c At 38 T and 4.2 K. d At 290 K. e At 350 K. g On cooling TC = 89.6 K and on warming TC = 91.5 K.
TABLE 9. Room Temperature Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Resistance, and Hall Coefficient Rare earth metal αSc αY aLa bCe γCe αPr αNd αPm αSm Eu αGd αTb αDy Ho Er Tm βYb Lu
Expansion (αi × 106) (°C–1) αc αpoly αa 7.6 15.3 10.2 6.0 19.7 10.6 4.5 27.2 12.1 — — — 6.3 — 6.3 4.5 11.2 6.7 7.6 13.5 9.6 16b 11b 9b 9.6 19.0 12.7 35.0 — 35.0 10.0c 9.4c 9.1c 9.3 12.4 10.3 7.1 15.6 9.9 7.0 19.5 11.2 7.9 20.9 12.2 8.8 22.2 13.3 26.3 — 26.3 4.8 20.0 9.9
Thermal conductivity (W/cm K) 0.158 0.172 0.134 — 0.113 0.125 0.165 0.15b 0.133 0.139b 0.105 0.111 0.107 0.162 0.145 0.169 0.385 0.164
Hall coefficient (Ri × 1012) Electrical resistance (µΩ⋅cm) (V⋅cm/A⋅Oe) ρa ρc ρpoly Ra Rc Rpoly 70.9 26.9 56.2a — — –0.13 72.5 35.5 59.6 –0.27 –1.6 — — — 61.5 — — –0.35 — — 82.8 — — — — — 74.4 — — +1.81 — — 70.0 — — +0.709 — — 64.3 — — +0.971 — — 75b — — — — — 94.0 — — –0.21 — — 90.0 — — +24.4 135.1 121.7 131.0 –10 –54 –4.48d 123.5 101.5 115.0 –1.0 –3.7 — 111.0 76.6 92.6 –0.3 –3.7 — 101.5 60.5 81.4 +0.2 –3.2 — 94.5 60.3 86.0 +0.3 –3.6 — 88.0 47.2 67.6 — — –1.8 — — 25.0 — — +3.77 76.6 34.7 58.2 +0.45 –2.6 –0.535
Note: For additional information, see Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173; McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411. a Calculated from single crystal values. b Estimated. c At 100°C. d At 77°C.
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TABLE 10. Electronic Specific Heat Constant (γ), Electron-Electron (Coulomb) Coupling Constant (µ*), Electron-Phonon Coupling Constant (λ), Debye Temperature at 0 K(θD), and Superconducting Transition Temperature Rare earth metal αSc αY αLa βLa αCe αPr αNd αPm αSm Eu αGd α′Tb α′Dy Ho Er Tm αYb βYb Lu
γ (mJ/mol⋅K2) 10.334 7.878 9.45 11.5 12.8 20 f — 8.1 ± 1.5g f 4.48 3.71 4.9 2.1 8.7 f 3.30 8.36 8.194
µ* 0.16 0.15 0.08 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.14
λ 0.30 0.30 0.76 — — 1.07d 0.86d — 0.81d — 0.30 0.34d 0.32d 0.30d 0.33d 0.36d — — 0.31
θD (K) from
Heat capacity 345.3 244.4 150 140 179 155e 157e 159e 162e,f f 169 169.6 192 175e 176.9 179e 117.6 109 183.2
Elastic constants — 258 154 — — 153 163 — 169 118 182 177 183 190 188 200 118 — 185
Superconducting temperature (K) 0.050a 1.3b 5.10 6.00 0.022c — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.022h
Note: For additional information, see Sundström, L.J., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 379; Scott, T., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 591; Probst, C. and Wittig, J., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 749; Tsang, T.-W.E., Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., Schmidt, F.A., and Thome, D.K., Phys. Rev., B, 31, 235, 1985; Collocott, S.J., Hill, R.W. and Stewart, A.M., J. Phys. F, 18, L223, 1988; Hill, R.W. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., J. Phys. F, 18, 2545, 1988; Skriver, H.L. and Mertig, I., Phys. Rev. B, 41, 6553, 1990. Collocott, S.J. and Stewart, A.M., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 4, 6743, 1992; Pecharsky, V.K., Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Fort, D., Phys. Rev. B, 47, 5063, 1993. a At 18.6 GPa. b At 11 GPa. c At 2.2 GPa. d Calculated value. e Estimated. f Heat capacity results have been reported, but the resultant γ and θD values are unreliable because of the presence of impurities and/or there was no reliable procedure or model to correct for the magnetic contribution to the heat capacity. g Based on the values reported for the purer Sm sample (IV). h At 4.5 GPa.
TABLE 11. Room Temperature Elastic Moduli and Mechanical Properties Rare earth Young’s (elastic) modulus metal Sc 74.4 Y 63.5 αLa 36.6 βCe — γCe 33.6 αPr 37.3 αNd 41.4 αPm 46b αSm 49.7 Eu 18.2 αGd 54.8 αTb 55.7 αDy 61.4 Ho 64.8 Er 69.9 Tm 74.0 βYb 23.9 Lu 68.6
Elastic moduli (GPa) Shear Bulk modulus modulus 29.1 56.6 25.6 41.2 14.3 27.9 — — 13.5 21.5 14.8 28.8 16.3 31.8 18b 33b 19.5 37.8 7.9 8.3 21.8 37.9 22.1 38.7 24.7 40.5 26.3 40.2 28.3 44.4 30.5 44.5 9.9 30.5 27.2 47.6
Poisson’s ratio 0.279 0.243 0.280 — 0.24 0.281 0.281 0.28b 0.274 0.152 0.259 0.261 0.247 0.231 0.237 0.213 0.207 0.261
Yield strength 0.2% offset 173a 42 126a 86 28 73 71 — 68 — 15 — 43 — 60 — 7 —
Mechanical properties (MPa) Ultimate tensile Uniform strength elongation (%) 255a 5.0a 129 34.0 130 7.9a 138 — 117 22.0 147 15.4 164 25.0 — — 156 17.0 — — 118 37.0 — — 139 30.0 — — 136 11.5 — — 58 43.0 — —
Reduction in area (%) 8.0a — — 24.0 30.0 67.0 72.0 — 29.5 — 56.0 — 30.0 — 11.9 — 92.0 —
Recryst. temp. (°C) 550 550 300 — 325 400 400 400b 440 300 500 500 550 520 520 600 300 600
Note: For additional information, see Scott, T., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., NorthHolland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 591. a Value is questionable. b Estimated.
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TABLE 12. Liquid Metal Properties Near the Melting Point Rare earth metal Sc Y La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Density (g/cm3) 2.80 4.24 5.96 6.68 6.59 6.72 6.9b 7.16 4.87 7.4 7.65 8.2 8.34 8.6 9.0b 6.21 9.3
Surface tension (N/m) 0.954 0.871 0.718 0.706 0.707 0.687 0.680b 0.431 0.264 0.664 0.669 0.648 0.650 0.637 — 0.320 0.940
Viscosity (centipoise) — — 2.65 3.20 2.85 — — — — — — — — — — 2.67 —
Heat capacity (J/mol K) 44.2b 43.1 34.3 37.7 43.0 48.8 50b 50.2b 38.1 37.2 46.5 49.9 43.9 38.7 41.4 36.8 47.9b
Thermal Magnetic Electrical conductivity susceptibility χ resistivity (W/cm K) × 104 (emu/mol) (µΩ·cm) — — — — — — 0.238 1.20 133 0.210 9.37 130 0.251 17.3 139 0.195 18.7 151 — — 160b — 18.3 182 — 97 242 0.149 67 195 — 82 193 0.187 95 210 — 88 221 — 69 226 — 41 235b — — 113 — — 224
∆V (l→s)a (%) — — –0.6 +1.1 –0.02 –0.9 — –3.6 –4.8 –2.0 –3.1 –4.5 –7.4 –9.0 –6.9 –5.1 –3.6
Spectral emittance at λ = 645 nm ε (%) Temp. — — 36.8 1522–1647 25.4 920–1287 32.2 877–1547 28.4 931–1537 39.4 1021–1567 — — 43.7 1075 — — 34.2 1313–1600 — — 29.7 1412–1437 — — 37.2 1529–1587 — — — — — —
Note: For additional information, see Van Zytveld, J., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 12, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., NorthHolland Physics, Amsterdam, 1989, 357. Stretz, L.A. and Bautista, R.G., in Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, Vol. 4, part I, H.H. Plumb, Ed., Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, 1972, 489. King, T.S., Baria, D.N., and Bautista, R.G., Met. Trans. B, 7, 411, 1976; Baria, D.N., King, T.S., and Bautista, R.G., Met. Trans. B, 7, 577, 1976. a Volume change on freezing. b Estimated.
TABLE 13. Ionization Potentials (Electronvolts) Rare earth Sc Y La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
I Neutral atom 6.56144 6.217 5.5770 5.5387 5.464 5.5250 5.554 5.6437 5.6704 6.1500 5.8639 5.9389 6.0216 6.1078 6.18431 6.25416 5.42585
II Singly ionized 12.79967 12.24 11.060 10.85 10.55 10.73 10.90 11.07 11.241 12.09 11.52 11.67 11.80 11.93 12.05 12.1761 13.9
III Doubly ionized 24.75666 20.52 19.1773 20.198 21.624 22.1 22.3 23.4 24.92 20.63 21.91 22.8 22.84 22.74 23.68 25.05 20.9594
IV Triply ionized 73.4894 60.597 49.95 36.758 38.98 40.41 41.1 41.4 42.7 44.0 39.79 41.47 42.5 42.7 42.7 43.56 45.25
Note: For references, see the table “Ionization Potentials of Atoms and Atomic Ions” in Section 10.
V Quadruply ionized 91.65 77.0 61.6 65.55 57.53 — — — — — — — — — — — 66.8
TABLE 14. Effective Ionic Radii (Å)A Rare earth ion Sc Y La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
CN = 6 — — — — — — — 1.19 1.17 — — — — — — 1.00 —
R2+
CN = 8 — — — — — — — 1.27 1.25 — — — — — — 1.07 —
CN = 6 0.745 0.900 1.045 1.010 0.997 0.983 0.97 0.958 0.947 0.938 0.923 0.912 0.901 0.890 0.880 0.868 0.861
R3+ CN = 8 0.87 1.015 1.18 1.14 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.06 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97
CN = 12 1.116 1.220 1.320 1.290 1.286 1.276 1.267 1.260 1.252 1.246 1.236 1.228 1.221 1.214 1.207 1.199 1.194
CN = 6 — — — 0.80 0.78 — — — — — 0.76 — — — — — —
R4+
CN = 8 — — — 0.97 0.96 — — — — — 0.88 — — — — — —
Note: For additional information, see Shannon, R.D. and Prewitt, C.T., Acta Cryst., 25, 925, 1969 and Shannon, R.D. and Prewitt, C.T., Acta Cryst., 26, 1046, 1970. a Radius of O2– is 1.40 Å for a coordination number (CN) of 6.
Section4.indb 124
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Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements This table summarizes the significant points on the phase diagrams for the elements for which data are available. Values are given for the solid-liquid-gas triple point ttp, normal melting point tm, normal boiling point tb, and critical temperature tc; all are on the ITS-90 scale. An “sp” notation indicates a sublimation point, where the vapor pressure of the solid phase reaches 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Transition temperatures between allotropic forms are included for several elements. The major data sources are listed below; values from Reference 1, which deals with reference points on the ITS-90 scale, were adopted when applicable.
Element Actinium Aluminum Americium Antimony Argon Arsenic (gray) Astatine Barium Berkelium (β form) Beryllium Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium Californium Carbon (graphite) Carbon (diamond) Cerium Cesium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Curium Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Fluorine Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lawrencium Lead
ttp/˚C
–189.36 (69 kPa) 817 (3.70 MPa)
4489 (10.3 MPa)
–219.67 29.7666
–259.198 (7.2 kPa) 156.5936
–157.38 (73.2 kPa)
References 1. Bedford, R. E., Bonnier, G., Maas, H., and Pavese, F., Metrologia 33, 133, 1996. 2. Dinsdale, A.T., SGTE Data for Pure Elements, CALPHAD, 15, 317– 425, 1991. 3. Chase, M.W., Davies, C.A., Downey, J.R., Frurip, D.J., McDonald, R.A., and Syverud, A.N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 14, Suppl. 1, 1985. 4. Gurvich, L.V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989. 5. Greenwood, N. N., and Earnshaw, A., Chemistry of the Elements, Second Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997.
tm/˚C 1050 660.32 1176 630.628 302 727 986 1287 271.406 2075 –7.2 321.069 842 900 4440 (12.4 GPa) 799 28.5 –101.5 1907 1495 1084.62 1345 1412 860 1529 822 1527 27 1313 938.25 1064.18 2233 1472 –259.1 156.60 113.7 2446 1538 920 1627 327.462
tb/˚C 3198 2519 2011 1587 –185.847 616 sp
tc/˚C
–122.28 1400
1897 2471 1564 4000 58.8 767 1484
315
3825 sp 3443 671 –34.04 2671 2927 2562 ˜3100 2567
1665 143.8
2868 1529 –188.12 3273 2204 2833 2856 4603 –268.93 2700 –252.762 2072 184.4 4428 2861 –153.34 3464
–129.02
–267.96 –240.18 546 –63.67
1749
4-133
Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements
4-134 Element Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Mendelevium Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus (white) Phosphorus (red) Phosphorus (black) Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Scandium Selenium (vitreous) Selenium (gray) Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur (rhombic) Sulfur (monoclinic) Tantalum Technetium Tellurium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin (gray) Tin (white) Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium
ttp/˚C
–38.837 –248.609 (43 kPa)
–209.999
590
39.26
–111.745 (81.6 kPa)
tm/˚C 180.50 1663 650 1246 827 –38.8290 2623 1016 644 1455 2477 –210.0 827 3033 –218.79 1554.8 44.15 610 1768.2 640 254 63.5 931 1042 1572 696 –71 3185 1964 39.30 2034 1072 1541 180 (trans to gray) 220.8 1414 961.78 97.794 777 95.3 (trans to monocl) 115.21 3017 2157 449.51 1359 304 1750 1545 13.2 (trans to white) 231.93 1668 3422 1135 1910 824 1522 419.53 1854.7
tb/˚C 1342 3402 1090 2061
tc/˚C 2950
356.62 4639 3074 –246.053
–228.7
2913 4744 –195.798
–146.94
5012 –182.953 2963 280.5 431 sp 3825 3228 962 759 3520 3000 –61.7 5596 3695 688 4150 1794 2836 685 685 3265 2162 882.940 1382 444.61 444.61 5458 4265 988 3230 1473 4788 1950 2602 2602 3287 5555 4131 3407 –108.09 1196 3345 907 4409
1491
–118.56 721 721
1950
104 1820
1493 1493 2300 1041 1041
16.58
HEAT CAPACITY OF THE ELEMENTS AT 25°C This table gives the specific heat capacity (cp) in J/g K and the molar heat capacity (Cp) in J/mol K at a temperature of 25°C and a Name Actinium Aluminum Antimony Argon Arsenic Barium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Bromine (Br2) Cadmium Calcium Carbon (graphite) Cerium Cesium Chlorine (Cl2) Chromium Cobalt Copper Dysprosium Erbium Europium Fluorine (F2) Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Helium Holmium Hydrogen (H2) Indium Iodine (I2) Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lead Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Mercury
cp J/g K 0.120 0.897 0.207 0.520 0.329 0.204 1.825 0.122 1.026 0.474 0.232 0.647 0.709 0.192 0.242 0.479 0.449 0.421 0.385 0.173 0.168 0.182 0.824 0.236 0.373 0.320 0.129 0.144 5.193 0.165 14.304 0.233 0.214 0.131 0.449 0.248 0.195 0.130 3.582 0.154 1.023 0.479 0.140
Cp J/mol K 27.2 24.20 25.23 20.786 24.64 28.07 16.443 25.52 11.087 75.69 26.020 25.929 8.517 26.94 32.210 33.949 23.35 24.81 24.440 28.16 28.12 27.66 31.304 37.03 26.03 23.222 25.418 25.73 20.786 27.15 28.836 26.74 54.43 25.10 25.10 20.786 27.11 26.84 24.860 26.86 24.869 26.32 27.983
pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres) for all the elements for which reliable data are available. Name Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Nickel Niobium Nitrogen (N2) Osmium Oxygen (O2) Palladium Phosphorus (white) Platinum Potassium Praseodymium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulfur (rhombic) Tantalum Tellurium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin (white) Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium
cp J/g K 0.251 0.190 1.030 0.444 0.265 1.040 0.130 0.918 0.246 0.769 0.133 0.757 0.193 0.094 0.137 0.243 0.363 0.238 0.197 0.568 0.321 0.712 0.235 1.228 0.306 0.708 0.140 0.202 0.182 0.129 0.118 0.160 0.227 0.523 0.132 0.116 0.489 0.158 0.155 0.298 0.388 0.278
Cp J/mol K 24.06 27.45 20.786 26.07 24.60 29.124 24.7 29.378 25.98 23.824 25.86 29.600 27.20 20.786 25.48 24.98 31.060 24.06 29.54 25.52 25.363 19.99 25.350 28.230 26.79 22.70 25.36 25.73 28.91 26.32 27.32 27.03 26.99 25.060 24.27 27.665 24.89 20.786 26.74 26.53 25.390 25.36
4-127
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VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE METALLIC ELEMENTS â&#x20AC;&#x201D; EQUATIONS C. B. Alcock This table gives coefficients in an equation for the vapor pressure of 65 metallic elements in both the solid and liquid state. Vapor pressures in the range 10-10 to 102 Pa (10-15 to 10-3 atm) are covered. The equation is: for p in atmospheres: log(p/atm) = A + BT-1 + ClogT + DT-3 for p in pascals: log (p/Pa) = 5.006 + A + BT-1 + ClogT + DT-3 for p in torr (mmHg): log (p/torr) = 2.881 + A + BT-1 + ClogT + DT-3 where T is the temperature in K. This equation reproduces the observed vapor pressures to an accuracy of 5% or better. The metals are listed alphabetically by name, and the melting point is included. Element Aluminum Aluminum Americium Barium Barium Beryllium Beryllium Cadmium Cadmium Calcium Cerium Cerium Cesium Cesium Chromium Cobalt Cobalt Copper Copper Curium Curium Dysprosium Erbium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Gadolinium Gallium Gallium Gold Gold Hafnium Holmium Indium Indium Iridium Iron Iron Lanthanum Lanthanum Lead Lead Lithium Lithium Lutetium Lutetium
Phase Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid
A 9.459 5.911 11.311 12.405 4.007 8.042 5.786 5.939 5.242 10.127 6.139 5.611 4.711 4.165 6.800 10.976 6.488 9.123 5.849 8.369 5.223 9.579 9.916 4.668 9.240 8.344 5.557 6.657 6.754 9.152 5.832 9.445 9.785 5.991 5.374 10.506 7.100 6.347 7.463 5.911 5.643 4.911 5.667 5.055 8.793 5.648
B -17342 -16211 -15059 -9690 -8163 -17020 -15731 -5799 -5392 -9517 -21752 -21200 -3999 -3830 -20733 -22576 -20578 -17748 -16415 -20364 -18292 -15336 -16642 -14380 -9459 -20861 -19389 -14208 -13984 -19343 -18024 -32482 -15899 -12548 -12276 -35099 -21723 -19574 -22551 -21855 -10143 -9701 -8310 -8023 -22423 -20302
The table following this one gives values of the vapor pressure at several temperatures in the 400 K to 2400 K range, as calculated from these equations. Reprinted with permission of the publisher, Pergamon Press.
Reference Alcock, C. B., Itkin, V. P., and Horrigan, M. K., Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 23, 309, 1984.
C -0.7927
D
-1.3449 -2.2890 -0.4440
-1.4030
0.4391 -1.0280
-0.4094
-0.7317 -0.5770 -1.1114 -1.2154 -1.1661 -0.5775 -0.3413 -0.7479 -0.6735 -1.1753 -0.7500 0.4536 -0.3142
-0.6200
-0.5846
Range/k 298-mp mp-1800 298-mp 298-mp mp-1200 298-mp mp-1800 298-mp mp-650 298-mp 298-mp mp-2450 298-mp mp-550 298-2000 298-mp mp-2150 298-mp mp-1850 298-mp mp-2200 298-mp 298-mp mp-1900 298-mp 298-mp mp-2250 298-mp mp-1600 298-mp mp-2050 298-mp 298-mp 298-mp mp-1500 298-2500 298-mp mp-2100 298-mp mp-2450 298-mp mp-1200 298-mp mp-1000 298-mp mp-2350
mp/k 933 1449 1000 1560 594 1115 1071 302 2180 1768 1358 1618 1685 1802 1095 1586 303 1337 2506 1747 430 2719 1811 1191 600 454 1936
4-128
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Vapor Pressure of the Metallic Elements â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Equations Element Magnesium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neodymium Neptunium Neptunium Nickel Nickel Niobium Osmium Palladium Palladium Platinum Platinum Plutonium Plutonium Plutonium Potassium Potassium Praseodymium Praseodymium Protactinium Protactinium Rhenium Rhodium Rhodium Rubidium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Scandium Scandium Silver Silver Sodium Sodium Strontium Tantalum Terbium Terbium Thallium Thallium Thorium Thorium Thulium Tin Tin Titanium Titanium Tungsten Tungsten Uranium Uranium Vanadium Vanadium Ytterbium Yttrium Yttrium Zinc Zinc Zirconium Zirconium
S04_06.indd 129
Phase Solid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid Solid Liquid
A 8.489 12.805 5.116 11.529 8.996 4.912 19.643 10.076 10.557 6.666 8.882 9.419 9.502 5.426 4.882 6.386 26.160 18.858 3.666 4.961 4.402 8.859 4.772 10.552 6.177 11.543 10.168 6.802 4.857 4.312 9.755 9.988 6.650 5.795 9.127 5.752 5.298 4.704 9.226 16.807 9.510 5.411 5.971 5.259 8.668 -18.453 8.882 6.036 5.262 11.925 6.358 2.945 54.527 0.770 20.735 9.744 6.929 9.111 9.735 5.795 6.102 5.378 10.008 6.806
B -7813 -15097 -3190 -34626 -17264 -15824 -24886 -23378 -22606 -20765 -37818 -41198 -19813 -17899 -29387 -26856 -19162 -18460 -16658 -4646 -4453 -18720 -17315 -34869 -32874 -40726 -29010 -26792 -4215 -4040 -34154 -11034 -19721 -17681 -14999 -13827 -5603 -5377 -8572 -41346 -20457 -18639 -9447 -9037 -31483 -24569 -12270 -15710 -15332 -24991 -22747 -44094 -57687 -27729 -28776 -27132 -25011 -8111 -22306 -20341 -6776 -6286 -31512 -30295
4-129 C -0.8253 -1.7896
D
-1.1331 -0.9519 -3.9991 -1.3250 -0.8717 -0.2575 -0.3896 -0.9258 1.1039
-0.4527
-6.6675 -4.4720
-0.9512 -1.0075 -1.1629 -0.7068
-0.4723 -1.3287 0.2885
-0.3663
-0.7845
-1.1926 -3.2152 -0.9247
0.7437
-0.5288 6.6473 -0.9564 -1.3376 1.3677 -12.2231 2.6982 -4.0962 -0.5501 -1.0849 -0.8705
-0.7890
-1.5471
Range/k 298-mp 298-mp 298-400 298-2500 298-mp mp-2000 298-mp mp-2500 298-mp mp-2150 298-2500 298-2500 298-mp mp-2100 298-mp mp-2500 298-600 500-mp mp-2450 298-mp mp-600 298-mp mp-2200 298-mp mp-2500 298-2500 298-mp mp-2500 298-mp mp-550 298-mp 298-mp 298-mp mp-2000 298-mp mp-1600 298-mp mp-700 298-mp 298-2500 298-mp mp-2200 298-mp mp-1100 298-mp mp-2500 298-1400 298-mp mp-1850 298-mp mp-2400 298-2350 2200-2500 298-mp mp-2500 298-mp mp-2500 298-900 298-mp mp-2300 298-mp mp-750 298-m.p mp-2500
mp/k 923 1519 234 2895 1294 917 1728 2750 3306 1828 2041 913 337 1204 1845 3459 2236 312 2606 1347 1814 1235 371 1050 3280 1629 577 2023 1818 505 1943 3687 1408 2183 1092 1795 693 2127
5/4/05 8:41:38 AM
Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts This table lists the liquid density at the melting point, ρm , for elements that are solid at room temperature, as well as for some representative salts of these elements. Densities at higher temperatures (up to the tmax given in the last column) may be estimated from the equation
Data for the elements were selected from the primary literature; the assistance of Gernot Lang in compiling these data is gratefully acknowledged. The molten salt data were derived from Reference 1.
ρ(t ) = ρm − k (t − tm )
References
where tm is the melting point and k is given in the fifth column of the table. If a value of tmax is not given, the equation should not be used to extrapolate more than about 20°C beyond the melting point.
1. Janz, G. J., Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Molten Salts: Correlation Equations for Critically Evaluated Density, Surface Tension, Electrical Conductance, and Viscosity Data, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, Suppl. 2, 1988. 2. Nasch, P. M., and Steinemann, S. G., Phys. Chem. Liq., 29, 43, 1995.
Formula Ag AgBr AgCl AgI AgNO3 Ag2SO4 Al AlBr3 AlCl3 AlI3 As Au B Ba BaBr2 BaCl2 BaF2 BaI2 Be BeCl2 BeF2 Bi BiBr3 BiCl3 Ca CaBr2 CaCl2 CaF2 CaI2 Cd CdBr2 CdCl2 CdI2 Ce CeCl3 CeF3 Co Cr Cs CsBr CsCl CsF CsI CsNO3 Cs2SO4 Cu CuCl
487_S04.indb 139
Name Silver Silver(I) bromide Silver(I) chloride Silver(I) iodide Silver(I) nitrate Silver(I) sulfate Aluminum Aluminum bromide Aluminum chloride Aluminum iodide Arsenic Gold Boron Barium Barium bromide Barium chloride Barium fluoride Barium iodide Beryllium Beryllium chloride Beryllium fluoride Bismuth Bismuth bromide Bismuth chloride Calcium Calcium bromide Calcium chloride Calcium fluoride Calcium iodide Cadmium Cadmium bromide Cadmium chloride Cadmium iodide Cerium Cerium(III) chloride Cerium(III) fluoride Cobalt Chromium Cesium Cesium bromide Cesium chloride Cesium fluoride Cesium iodide Cesium nitrate Cesium sulfate Copper Copper(I) chloride
tm/°C 961.78 430 455 558 210 660 660.32 97.5 192.6 188.32 817 1064.18 2075 727 857 961 1368 711 1287 415 552 271.406 219 234 842 742 775 1418 783 321.069 568 568 388 799 807 1430 1495 1907 28.44 636 646 703 632 409 1005 1084.62 423
ρm/g cm–3 9.320 5.577 4.83 5.58 3.970 4.84 2.375 2.647 1.302 3.223 5.22 17.31 2.08 3.338 3.991 3.174 4.14 4.26 1.690 1.54 1.96 10.05 4.76 3.916 1.378 3.111 2.085 2.52 3.443 7.996 4.075 3.392 4.396 6.55 3.25 4.659 7.75 6.3 1.843 3.133 2.79 3.649 3.197 2.820 3.1 8.02 3.692
k/g cm–3 °C–1 0.0009 0.001035 0.00094 0.00101 0.001098 0.001089 0.000233 0.002435 0.002711 0.0025 0.000544 0.001343
tmax 1500 667 627 802 360 770 1340 267 296 240
0.000299 0.000924 0.000681 0.000999 0.000977 0.00011 0.0011 0.000015 0.00135 0.002637 0.0023 0.000230 0.0005 0.000422 0.000391 0.000751 0.001218 0.00108 0.00082 0.001117 0.000710 0.00092 0.000936 0.00165 0.0011 0.000556 0.001223 0.001065 0.001282 0.001183 0.001166 0.00095 0.000609 0.00076
1550 900 1081 1727 975
1200
473 850 800 927 350 1484 791 950 2027 1028 500 720 807 700 1460 950 1927 1580 2100 510 860 906 912 907 491 1530 1630 585
4-139
4/10/06 10:04:53 AM
Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts
4-140 Formula Dy DyCl3 Er Eu Fe FeCl2 Ga GaBr3 GaCl3 GaI3 Gd GdCl3 GdI3 Ge Hf HgBr2 HgCl2 HgI2 Ho In InBr3 InCl3 InI3 Ir K KBr KCl KF KI KNO3 La LaBr3 LaCl3 LaF3 LaI3 Li LiBr LiCl LiF LiI LiNO3 Li2SO4 Lu Mg MgBr2 MgCl2 MgI2 Mn MnCl2 Mo Na NaBr Na2CO3 NaCl NaF NaI NaNO3 Na2SO4 Nd Ni NiCl2 Os Pb PbBr2 PbCl2
487_S04.indb 140
Name Dysprosium Dysprosium(III) chloride Erbium Europium Iron Iron(II) chloride Gallium Gallium(III) bromide Gallium(III) chloride Gallium(III) iodide Gadolinium Gadolinium(III) chloride Gadolinium(III) iodide Germanium Hafnium Mercury(II) bromide Mercury(II) chloride Mercury(II) iodide Holmium Indium Indium(III) bromide Indium(III) chloride Indium(III) iodide Iridium Potassium Potassium bromide Potassium chloride Potassium fluoride Potassium iodide Potassium nitrate Lanthanum Lanthanum bromide Lanthanum chloride Lanthanum fluoride Lanthanum iodide Lithium Lithium bromide Lithium chloride Lithium fluoride Lithium iodide Lithium nitrate Lithium sulfate Lutetium Magnesium Magnesium bromide Magnesium chloride Magnesium iodide Manganese Manganese(II) chloride Molybdenum Sodium Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sodium fluoride Sodium iodide Sodium nitrate Sodium sulfate Neodymium Nickel Nickel(II) chloride Osmium Lead Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) chloride
tm/°C 1411 718 1529 822 1538 677 29.7666 123 77.9 212 1314 602 930 938.25 2233 241 277 256 1472 156.60 420 583 207 2446 63.38 734 771 858 681 334 920 788 858 1493 778 180.5 550 610 848.2 469 253 860 1663 650 711 714 634 1246 650 2623 97.794 747 856 800.7 996 661 306.5 884 1016 1455 1031 3033 327.462 371 501
ρm/g cm–3 8.37 3.62 8.86 5.13 6.98 2.348 6.08 3.116 2.053 3.630 7.4 3.56 4.12 5.60 12 5.126 4.368 5.222 8.34 7.02 3.121 2.140 3.820 19 0.828 2.127 1.527 1.910 2.448 1.865 5.94 4.933 3.209 4.589 4.29 0.512 2.528 1.502 1.81 3.109 1.781 2.003 9.3 1.584 2.62 1.68 3.05 5.95 2.353 9.33 0.927 2.342 1.972 1.556 1.948 2.742 1.90 2.069 6.89 7.81 2.653 20 10.66 5.73 4.951
k/g cm–3 °C–1 0.00143 0.00068 0.00157 0.0028 0.000572 0.000555 0.00062 0.00246 0.002083 0.002377
tmax 1540 987 1700 980 1680 877 400 135 141 252
0.000671 0.000908 0.00055
1007 1032 1600
0.003233 0.002862 0.003235
319 304 354
0.000836 0.0015 0.0021 0.0015
500 528 666 360
0.000232 0.000825 0.000583 0.000651 0.000956 0.000723 0.00061 0.000096 0.000777 0.000682 0.001110 0.00052 0.000652 0.000432 0.000490 0.000917 0.000546 0.000407
500 930 939 1037 904 457 1600 912 973 2177 907 285 739 781 1047 667 441 1214
0.000234 0.000478 0.000271 0.000651 0.00105 0.000437
900 935 826 888 1590 850
0.00023 0.000816 0.000448 0.000543 0.000636 0.000949 0.000715 0.000483 0.00076 0.000726 0.00066
600 945 1004 1027 1097 912 370 1077 1350 1700 1057
0.00122 0.00165 0.0015
700 600 710
4/10/06 10:04:54 AM
Density of Molten Elements and Representative Salts Formula PbI2 Pd Pr PrCl3 Pt Pu Rb RbBr Rb2CO3 RbCl RbF RbI RbNO3 Rb2SO4 Re Rh Ru S Sb SbCl3 SbCl5 SbI3 Sc Se Si Sm Sn SnCl2 SnCl4 Sr SrBr2 SrCl2 SrF2 SrI2 Ta TaCl5 Tb Te ThCl4 ThF4 Ti TiCl4 Tl TlBr TlCl TlI TlNO3 Tl2SO4 Tm U UCl3 UCl4 UF4 V W Y YCl3 Yb Zn ZnBr2 ZnCl2 ZnI2 ZnSO4 Zr ZrCl4
487_S04.indb 141
Name Lead(II) iodide Palladium Praseodymium Praseodymium chloride Platinum Plutonium Rubidium Rubidium bromide Rubidium carbonate Rubidium chloride Rubidium fluoride Rubidium iodide Rubidium nitrate Rubidium sulfate Rhenium Rhodium Ruthenium Sulfur Antimony Antimony(III) chloride Antimony(V) chloride Antimony(III) iodide Scandium Selenium Silicon Samarium Tin Tin(II) chloride Tin(IV) chloride Strontium Strontium bromide Strontium chloride Strontium fluoride Strontium iodide Tantalum Tantalum(V) chloride Terbium Tellurium Thorium chloride Thorium fluoride Titanium Titanium(IV) chloride Thallium Thallium(I) bromide Thallium(I) chloride Thallium(I) iodide Thallium(I) nitrate Thallium(I) sulfate Thulium Uranium Uranium(III) chloride Uranium(IV) chloride Uranium(IV) fluoride Vanadium Tungsten Yttrium Yttrium chloride Ytterbium Zinc Zinc bromide Zinc chloride Zinc iodide Zinc sulfate Zirconium Zirconium chloride
tm/°C 410 1554.8 931 786 1768.2 640 39.31 692 837 724 795 656 310 1066 3185 1964 2334 115.21 630.628 73.4 4 171 1541 220.8 1414 1072 231.93 247 –33 777 657 874 1477 538 3017 216.6 1359 449.51 770 1110 1668 -25 304 460 431 441.8 206 632 1545 1135 837 590 1036 1910 3422 1526 721 824 419.53 402 290 450 680 1854.7 437
4-141 ρm/g cm–3 5.691 10.38 6.50 3.23 19.77 16.63 1.46 2.715 2.84 2.248 2.87 2.904 2.519 2.56 18.9 10.7 10.65 1.819 6.53 2.681 2.37 4.171 2.80 3.99 2.57 7.16 6.99 3.36 2.37 6.980 3.70 2.727 3.470 4.085 15 2.700 7.65 5.70 3.363 6.058 4.11 1.807 11.22 5.98 5.628 6.15 4.91 5.62 8.56 17.3 4.84 3.572 6.485 5.5 17.6 4.24 2.510 6.21 6.57 3.47 2.54 3.878 3.14 5.8 1.643
k/g cm–3 °C–1 0.001594 0.001169 0.00093 0.00074 0.0024 0.001419 0.000451 0.001072 0.000640 0.000883 0.00102 0.001143 0.001068 0.000665
tmax 697 1700 1460 977 2200 950 800 907 1007 923 1067 902 417 1545
0.000895
2200
0.00080 0.00067 0.002293 0.001869 0.002483
160 745 77 77 322
0.00036
1500
0.000601 0.001253 0.002687
1200 480 138
0.000745 0.000578 0.000751 0.000885
1004 1037 1927 1026
0.004316
457
0.00035 0.0014 0.000759
600 847 1378
0.001735 0.00144 0.001755 0.0018 0.001761 0.001873 0.00130 0.00050
137 600 647 642 737 279 927 1675
0.007943 0.001945 0.000992
1057 667 1341
0.0005
845
0.0011 0.000959 0.00053 0.00136 0.00047
700 602 557 588 987
0.007464
492
4/10/06 10:04:55 AM
MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS When a material is placed in a magnetic field H, a magnetization (magnetic moment per unit volume) M is induced in the material which is related to H by M = κH, where κ is called the volume susceptibility. Since H and M have the same dimensions, κ is dimensionless. A more useful parameter is the molar susceptibility χm , defined by χ m = κVm = κ M / ρ where Vm is the molar volume of the substance, M the molar mass, and ρ the mass density. When the cgs system is used, the customary units for χm are cm3 mol–1; the corresponding SI units are m3 mol–1. Substances that have no unpaired electron orbital or spin angular momentum generally have negative values of χm and are called diamagnetic. Their molar susceptibility varies only slightly with temperature. Substances with unpaired electrons, which are termed paramagnetic, have positive χm and show a much stronger temperature dependence, varying roughly as 1/T. The net susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is the sum of the paramagnetic and diamagnetic contributions, but the former almost always dominates. This table gives values of χm for the elements and selected inorganic compounds. All values refer to nominal room temperature (285 to 300 K) unless otherwise indicated. When the physical state (s = solid, l = liquid, g = gas, aq = aqueous solution) is not given, the Name
Aluminum Aluminum trifluoride Aluminum oxide Aluminum sulfate Ammonia (g) Ammonia (aq) Ammonium acetate Ammonium bromide Ammonium carbonate Ammonium chlorate Ammonium chloride Ammonium fluoride Ammonium iodate Ammonium iodide Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium thiocyanate Antimony Stibine (g) Antimony(III) bromide Antimony(III) chloride Antimony(III) fluoride Antimony(III) iodide Antimony(III) oxide Antimony(III) sulfide Antimony(V) chloride Argon (g) Arsenic (gray) Arsenic (yellow) Arsine (g)
Formula Al AlF3 Al2O3 Al2(SO4)3 NH3 NH3 NH4C2H3O2 NH4Br (NH4)2CO3 NH4ClO3 NH4Cl NH4F NH4IO3 NH4I NH4NO3 (NH4)2SO4 NH4SCN Sb SbH3 SbBr3 SbCl3 SbF3 SbI3 Sb2O3 Sb2S3 SbCl5 Ar As As AsH3
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 +16.5 –13.9 –37 –93 –16.3 –18.3 –41.1 –47 –42.5 –42.1 –36.7 –23 –62.3 –66 –33 –67 –48.1 –99 –34.6 –111.4 –86.7 –46 –147.2 –69.4 –86 –120.5 –19.32 –5.6 –23.2 –35.2
most common crystalline form is understood. An entry of Ferro. indicates a ferromagnetic substance. Substances are arranged in alphabetical order by the most common name, except that compounds such as hydrides, oxides, and acids are grouped with the parent element (the same ordering used in the table “Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds”). In keeping with customary practice, the molar susceptibility is given here in units appropriate to the cgs system. These values should be multiplied by 4π to obtain values for use in SI equations (where the magnetic field strength H has units of A m–1).
References 1. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/16, Diamagnetic Susceptibility, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1986. 2. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, III/19, Subvolumes a to i2, Magnetic Properties of Metals, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 19861992. 3. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, II/2, II/8, II/10, II/11,and II/12a, Coordination and Organometallic Transition Metal Compounds, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1966-1984. 4. Tables de Constantes et Données Numérique, Volume 7, Relaxation Paramagnetique, Masson, Paris, 1957.
Name Arsenic(III) bromide Arsenic(III) chloride Arsenic(III) iodide Arsenic(III) oxide Arsenic(III) sulfide Barium Barium bromide Barium bromide dihydrate Barium carbonate Barium chloride Barium chloride dihydrate Barium fluoride Barium hydroxide Barium iodate Barium iodide Barium iodide dihydrate Barium nitrate Barium oxide Barium peroxide Barium sulfate Beryllium Beryllium chloride Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium oxide Beryllium sulfate Bismuth Bismuth tribromide Bismuth trichloride Bismuth fluoride Bismuth hydroxide
Formula AsBr3 AsCl3 AsI3 As2O3 As2S3 Ba BaBr2 BaBr2·2H2O BaCO3 BaCl2 BaCl2·2H2O BaF2 Ba(OH)2 Ba(IO3)2 BaI2 BaI2·2H2O Ba(NO3)2 BaO BaO2 BaSO4 Be BeCl2 Be(OH)2 BeO BeSO4 Bi BiBr3 BiCl3 BiF3 Bi(OH)3
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 –106 –72.5 –142.2 –30.34 –70 +20.6 –92 –119.3 –58.9 –72.6 –100 –51 –53.2 –122.5 –124.4 –163 –66.5 –29.1 –40.6 –65.8 –9.0 –26.5 –23.1 –11.9 –37 –280.1 –147 –26.5 –61.2 –65.8
4-134
Section4.indb 134
5/2/05 9:25:17 AM
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds Name Bismuth triiodide Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bismuth oxide Bismuth phosphate Bismuth sulfate Bismuth sulfide Boron Diborane (g) Boric acid (orthoboric acid) Boron trichloride Boron oxide Bromine (l) Bromine (g) Bromine trifluoride Bromine pentafluoride Cadmium Cadmium bromide Cadmium bromide tetrahydrate Cadmium carbonate Cadmium chloride Cadmium chromate Cadmium cyanide Cadmium fluoride Cadmium hydroxide Cadmium iodate Cadmium iodide Cadmium nitrate Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate Cadmium oxide Cadmium sulfate Cadmium sulfide Calcium Calcium bromide Calcium carbonate Calcium chloride Calcium fluoride Calcium hydroxide Calcium iodate Calcium iodide Calcium oxide Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfate dihydrate Carbon (diamond) Carbon (graphite) Carbon monoxide (g) Carbon dioxide (g) Cerium (β) Cerium(II) sulfide Cerium(III) chloride Cerium(III) fluoride Cerium(III) sulfide Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(IV) sulfate tetrahydrate Cesium Cesium bromate Cesium bromide Cesium carbonate Cesium chlorate Cesium chloride Cesium fluoride
Section4.indb 135
Formula BiI3 Bi(NO3)3·5H2O Bi2O3 BiPO4 Bi2(SO4)3 Bi2S3 B B2H6 H3BO3 BCl3 B2O3 Br2 Br2 BrF3 BrF5 Cd CdBr2 CdBr2·4H2O CdCO3 CdCl2 CdCrO4 Cd(CN)2 CdF2 Cd(OH)2 Cd(IO3)2 CdI2 Cd(NO3)2 Cd(NO3)2·4H2O CdO CdSO4 CdS Ca CaBr2 CaCO3 CaCl2 CaF2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(IO3)2 CaI2 CaO CaSO4 CaSO4·2H2O C C CO CO2 Ce CeS CeCl3 CeF3 Ce2S3 CeO2 Ce(SO4)2·4H2O Cs CsBrO3 CsBr Cs2CO3 CsClO3 CsCl CsF
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 –200.5 –159 –83 –77 –199 –123 –6.7 –21.0 –34.1 –59.9 –38.7 –56.4 –73.5 –33.9 –45.1 –19.7 –87.3 –131.5 –46.7 –68.7 –16.8 –54 –40.6 –41 –108.4 –117.2 –55.1 –140 –30 –59.2 –50 +40 –73.8 –38.2 –54.7 –28 –22 –101.4 –109 –15.0 –49.7 –74 –5.9 –6.0 –11.8 –21.0 +2500 +2110 +2490 +2190 +5080 +26 –97 +29 –75.1 –67.2 –103.6 –65 –56.7 –44.5
4-135 Name
Cesium iodide Cesium superoxide Cesium sulfate Chlorine (l) Chlorine trifluoride (g) Chromium Chromium(II) chloride Chromium(III) chloride Chromium(III) fluoride Chromium(III) oxide Chromium(III) sulfate Chromium(VI) oxide Cobalt Cobalt(II) bromide Cobalt(II) chloride Cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate Cobalt(II) cyanide Cobalt(II) fluoride Cobalt(II) iodide Cobalt(II) sulfate Cobalt(II) sulfide Cobalt(II,III) oxide Cobalt(III) fluoride Cobalt(III) oxide Copper Copper(I) bromide Copper(I) chloride Copper(I) cyanide Copper(I) iodide Copper(I) oxide Copper(II) bromide Copper(II) chloride Copper(II) chloride dihydrate Copper(II) fluoride Copper(II) fluoride dihydrate Copper(II) hydroxide Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate Copper(II) nitrate hexahydrate Copper(II) oxide Copper(II) sulfate Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Copper(II) sulfide Dysprosium (α) Dysprosium(III) oxide Dysprosium(III) sulfide Erbium Erbium oxide Erbium sulfate octahydrate Erbium sulfide Europium Europium(II) bromide Europium(II) chloride Europium(II) fluoride Europium(II) iodide Europium(II) sulfide Europium(III) oxide Europium(III) sulfate Fluorine Gadolinium (350 K) Gadolinium(III) chloride
Formula CsI CsO2 Cs2SO4 Cl2 ClF3 Cr CrCl2 CrCl3 CrF3 Cr2O3 Cr2(SO4)3 CrO3 Co CoBr2 CoCl2 CoCl2·6H2O Co(CN)2 CoF2 CoI2 CoSO4 CoS Co3O4 CoF3 Co2O3 Cu CuBr CuCl CuCN CuI Cu2O CuBr2 CuCl2 CuCl2·2H2O CuF2 CuF2·2H2O Cu(OH)2 Cu(NO3)2·3H2O Cu(NO3)2·6H2O CuO CuSO4 CuSO4·5H2O CuS Dy Dy2O3 Dy2S3 Er Er2O3 Er2(SO4)3·8H2O Er2S3 Eu EuBr2 EuCl2 EuF2 EuI2 EuS Eu2O3 Eu2(SO4)3 F2 Gd GdCl3
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 –82.6 +1534 –116 –40.4 –26.5 +167 +7230 +6350 +4370 +1960 +11800 +40 Ferro. +13000 +12660 +9710 +3825 +9490 +10760 +10000 +225 +7380 +1900 +4560 –5.46 –49 –40 –24 –63 –20 +685 +1080 +1420 +1050 +1600 +1170 +1570 +1625 +238 +1330 +1460 –2.0 +98000 +89600 +95200 +48000 +73920 +74600 +77200 +30900 +26800 +26500 +23750 +26000 +23800 +10100 +10400 –9.63 +185000 +27930
5/2/05 9:25:18 AM
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
4-136 Name Gadolinium(III) oxide Gadolinium(III) sulfate octahydrate Gadolinium(III) sulfide Gallium Gallium suboxide Gallium(II) sulfide Gallium(III) chloride Gallium(III) sulfide Germanium Germane (g) Germanium(II) oxide Germanium(II) sulfide Germanium(IV) chloride Germanium(IV) fluoride Germanium(IV) iodide Germanium(IV) oxide Germanium(IV) sulfide Gold Gold(I) bromide Gold(I) chloride Gold(I) iodide Gold(III) chloride Hafnium Hafnium oxide Helium (g) Holmium Holmium oxide Hydrazine (l) Hydrogen (l, 20.3 K) Hydrogen (g) Hydrogen chloride (l) Hydrogen chloride (aq) Hydrogen fluoride (l) Hydrogen fluoride (aq) Hydrogen iodide (s, 195 K) Hydrogen iodide (l, 233 K) Hydrogen iodide (aq) Hydrogen peroxide (l) Hydrogen sulfide (g) Indium Indium(I) chloride Indium(II) chloride Indium(II) sulfide Indium(III) bromide Indium(III) chloride Indium(III) oxide Indium(III) sulfide Iodine Iodic acid Iodine pentoxide Iodine chloride Iodine trichloride Iodine pentafluoride Iridium Iridium(III) chloride Iridium(IV) oxide Iron Iron(II) bromide Iron(II) carbonate Iron(II) chloride
Section4.indb 136
Formula Gd2O3 Gd2(SO4)3·8H2O Gd2S3 Ga Ga2O GaS GaCl3 Ga2S3 Ge GeH4 GeO GeS GeCl4 GeF4 GeI4 GeO2 GeS2 Au AuBr AuCl AuI AuCl3 Hf HfO2 He Ho Ho2O3 N2H4 H2 H2 HCl HCl HF HF HI HI HI H2O2 H2S In InCl InCl2 InS InBr3 InCl3 In2O3 In2S3 I2 HIO3 I2O5 ICl ICl3 IF5 Ir IrCl3 IrO2 Fe FeBr2 FeCO3 FeCl2
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 +53200 +53280 +55500 –21.6 –34 –23 –63 –80 –11.6 –29.7 –28.8 –40.9 –72 –50 –171 –34.3 –53.9 –28 –61 –67 –91 –112 +71 –23 –2.02 +72900 +88100 –201 –5.44 –3.99 –22.6 –22 –8.6 –9.3 –47.3 –48.3 –50.2 –17.3 –25.5 –10.2 –30 –56 –28 –107 –86 –56 –98 –90 –48 –79.4 –54.6 –90.2 –58.1 +25 –14.4 +224 Ferro. +13600 +11300 +14750
Name Iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate Iron(II) fluoride Iron(II) iodide Iron(II) oxide Iron(II) sulfate Iron(II) sulfate monohydrate Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate Iron(II) sulfide Iron(III) chloride Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate Iron(III) fluoride Iron(III) fluoride trihydrate Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate Krypton (g) Lanthanum (α) Lanthanum oxide Lanthanum sulfate nonahydrate Lanthanum sulfide Lead Lead(II) acetate Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) carbonate Lead(II) chloride Lead(II) chromate Lead(II) fluoride Lead(II) iodate Lead(II) iodide Lead(II) nitrate Lead(II) oxide Lead(II) phosphate Lead(II) sulfate Lead(II) sulfide Lithium Lithium bromide Lithium carbonate Lithium chloride Lithium fluoride Lithium hydride Lithium hydroxide (aq) Lithium iodide Lithium sulfate Lutetium Magnesium Magnesium bromide Magnesium carbonate Magnesium chloride Magnesium fluoride Magnesium hydroxide Magnesium iodide Magnesium oxide Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate monohydrate Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Manganese Manganese(II) bromide Manganese(II) carbonate Manganese(II) chloride Manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate Manganese(II) fluoride Manganese(II) hydroxide
Formula FeCl2·4H2O FeF2 FeI2 FeO FeSO4 FeSO4·H2O FeSO4·7H2O FeS FeCl3 FeCl3·6H2O FeF3 FeF3·3H2O Fe(NO3)3·9H2O Kr La La2O3 La2(SO4)3·9H2O La2S3 Pb Pb(C2H3O2)2 PbBr2 PbCO3 PbCl2 PbCrO4 PbF2 Pb(IO3)2 PbI2 Pb(NO3)2 PbO Pb3(PO4)2 PbSO4 PbS Li LiBr Li2CO3 LiCl LiF LiH LiOH LiI Li2SO4 Lu Mg MgBr2 MgCO3 MgCl2 MgF2 Mg(OH)2 MgI2 MgO MgSO4 MgSO4·H2O MgSO4·7H2O Mn MnBr2 MnCO3 MnCl2 MnCl2·4H2O MnF2 Mn(OH)2
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 +12900 +9500 +13600 +7200 +12400 +10500 +11200 +1074 +13450 +15250 +13760 +7870 +15200 –29.0 +95.9 –78 –262 –37 –23 –89.1 –90.6 –61.2 –73.8 –18 –58.1 –131 –126.5 –74 –42 –182 –69.7 –83.6 +14.2 –34.3 –27 –24.3 –10.1 –4.6 –12.3 –50 –41.6 +182.9 +13.1 –72 –32.4 –47.4 –22.7 –22.1 –111 –10.2 –42 –61 –135.7 +511 +13900 +11400 +14350 +14600 +10700 +13500
5/2/05 9:25:20 AM
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds Name Manganese(II) iodide Manganese(II) oxide Manganese(II) sulfate Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate Manganese(II) sulfide (α form) Manganese(II) sulfide (β form) Manganese(II,III) oxide Manganese(III) fluoride Manganese(III) oxide Manganese(IV) oxide Mercury (s, 234 K) Mercury (l) Mercury(I) bromide Mercury(I) chloride Mercury(I) fluoride Mercury(I) iodide Mercury(I) nitrate Mercury(I) oxide Mercury(I) sulfate Mercury(II) bromide Mercury(II) chloride Mercury(II) cyanide Mercury(II) fluoride Mercury(II) iodide Mercury(II) nitrate Mercury(II) oxide Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(II) sulfide Mercury(II) thiocyanate Molybdenum Molybdenum(III) bromide Molybdenum(III) chloride Molybdenum(III) oxide Molybdenum(IV) bromide Molybdenum(IV) chloride Molybdenum(IV) oxide Molybdenum(V) chloride Molybdenum(VI) fluoride Molybdenum(VI) oxide Neodymium (α) Neodymium fluoride Neodymium oxide Neodymium sulfate Neodymium sulfide Neon (g) Neptunium Nickel Nickel(II) bromide Nickel(II) chloride Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate Nickel(II) fluoride Nickel(II) hydroxide Nickel(II) iodide Nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate Nickel(II) oxide Nickel(II) sulfate Nickel(II) sulfide Nickel(III) sulfide Niobium
Section4.indb 137
Formula MnI2 MnO MnSO4 MnSO4·H2O MnSO4·4H2O MnS MnS Mn3O4 MnF3 Mn2O3 MnO2 Hg Hg Hg2Br2 Hg2Cl2 Hg2F2 Hg2I2 Hg2(NO3)2 Hg2O Hg2SO4 HgBr2 HgCl2 Hg(CN)2 HgF2 HgI2 Hg(NO3)2 HgO HgSO4 HgS Hg(SCN)2 Mo MoBr3 MoCl3 Mo2O3 MoBr4 MoCl4 MoO2 MoCl5 MoF6 MoO3 Nd NdF3 Nd2O3 Nd2(SO4)3 Nd2S3 Ne Np Ni NiBr2 NiCl2 NiCl2·6H2O NiF2 Ni(OH)2 NiI2 Ni(NO3)2·6H2O NiO NiSO4 NiS Ni3S2 Nb
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 +14400 +4850 +13660 +14200 +14600 +5630 +3850 +12400 +10500 +14100 +2280 –24.1 –33.5 –105 –120 –106 –166 –121 –76.3 –123 –94.2 –82 –67 –57.3 –165 –74 –46 –78.1 –55.4 –96.5 +72 +525 +43 -42.0 +520 +1750 +41 +990 –26.0 +3 +5930 +4980 +10200 +9990 +5550 –6.96 +575 Ferro. +5600 +6145 +4240 +2410 +4500 +3875 +4300 +660 +4005 +190 +1030 +208
Name Niobium(V) oxide Nitrogen (g) Nitric acid (l) Nitrous oxide (g) Nitric oxide (s, 90 K) Nitric oxide (l, 118 K) Nitric oxide (g) Nitrogen dioxide (g, 408 K) Nitrogen trioxide (g) Nitrogen tetroxide (g) Osmium Oxygen (s, 54 K) Oxygen (l, 90 K) Oxygen (g) Ozone (l) Palladium Palladium(II) chloride Phosphorus (white) Phosphorus (red) Phosphine (g) Phosphoric acid (aq) Phosphorous acid (aq) Phosphorus(III) chloride (l) Platinum Platinum(II) chloride Platinum(III) chloride Platinum(IV) chloride Platinum(IV) fluoride Plutonium Plutonium(IV) fluoride Plutonium(IV) oxide Plutonium(VI) fluoride Potassium Potassium bromate Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride Potassium chromate Potassium cyanide Potassium ferricyanide Potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate Potassium fluoride Potassium hydrogen sulfate Potassium hydroxide (aq) Potassium iodate Potassium iodide Potassium nitrate Potassium nitrite Potassium permanganate Potassium sulfate Potassium sulfide Potassium superoxide Potassium thiocyanate Praseodymium (α) Praseodymium chloride Praseodymium oxide Praseodymium sulfide Protactinium Rhenium
4-137 Formula Nb2O5 N2 HNO3 N2O NO NO NO NO2 N2O3 N2O4 Os O2 O2 O2 O3 Pd PdCl2 P P PH3 H3PO4 H3PO3 PCl3 Pt PtCl2 PtCl3 PtCl4 PtF4 Pu PuF4 PuO2 PuF6 K KBrO3 KBr K2CO3 KClO3 KCl K2CrO4 KCN K3Fe(CN)6 KF KHSO4 KOH KIO3 KI KNO3 KNO2 KMnO4 K2SO4 K2S KO2 KSCN Pr PrCl3 Pr2O3 Pr2S3 Pa Re
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 –10 –12.0 –19.9 –18.9 +19.8 +114.2 +1461 +150 –16 –23.0 +11 +10200 +7699 +3449 +6.7 +540 –38 –26.66 –20.77 –26.2 –43.8 –42.5 –63.4 +193 –54 –66.7 –93 +445 +525 +1760 +730 +173 +20.8 –52.6 –49.1 –59 –42.8 –38.8 –3.9 –37 +2290 –172.3 –23.6 –49.8 –22 –63.1 –63.8 –33.7 –23.3 +20 –67 –60 +3230 –48 +5530 +44.5 +8994 +10770 +277 +67
5/2/05 9:25:21 AM
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
4-138 Name Rhenium(IV) oxide Rhenium(IV) sulfide Rhenium(V) chloride Rhenium(VI) oxide Rhenium(VII) oxide Rhodium Rhodium(III) chloride Rhodium(III) oxide Rubidium Rubidium bromide Rubidium carbonate Rubidium chloride Rubidium fluoride Rubidium iodide Rubidium nitrate Rubidium sulfate Rubidium superoxide Ruthenium Ruthenium(III) chloride Ruthenium(IV) oxide Samarium (α) Samarium(II) bromide Samarium(III) bromide Samarium(III) oxide Samarium(III) sulfate octahydrate Samarium(III) sulfide Scandium (α) Selenium Selenium dioxide Selenium bromide Selenium chloride (l) Selenium hexafluoride (g) Silicon Silane (g) Disilane (g) Tetramethylsilane (l) Tetraethylsilane (l) Tetrabromosilane (l) Tetrachlorosilane (l) Silicon carbide Silicon dioxide Silver Silver(I) bromide Silver(I) carbonate Silver(I) chloride Silver(I) chromate Silver(I) cyanide Silver(I) fluoride Silver(I) iodide Silver(I) nitrate Silver(I) nitrite Silver(I) oxide Silver(I) phosphate Silver(I) sulfate Silver(I) thiocyanate Silver(II) oxide Sodium Sodium acetate Sodium bromate Sodium bromide
Section4.indb 138
Formula ReO2 ReS2 ReCl5 ReO3 Re2O7 Rh RhCl3 Rh2O3 Rb RbBr Rb2CO3 RbCl RbF RbI RbNO3 Rb2SO4 RbO2 Ru RuCl3 RuO2 Sm SmBr2 SmBr3 Sm2O3 Sm2(SO4)3·8H2O Sm2S3 Sc Se SeO2 Se2Br2 Se2Cl2 SeF6 Si SiH4 Si2H6 (CH3)4Si (C2H5)4Si SiBr4 SiCl4 SiC SiO2 Ag AgBr Ag2CO3 AgCl Ag2CrO4 AgCN AgF AgI AgNO3 AgNO2 Ag2O Ag3PO4 Ag2SO4 AgSCN AgO Na NaC2H3O2 NaBrO3 NaBr
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 +44 +38 +1225 +16 –16 +102 –7.5 +104 +17 –56.4 –75.4 –46 –31.9 –72.2 –41 –88.4 +1527 +39 +1998 +162 +1278 +5337 +972 +1988 +1710 +3300 +295.2 –25 –27.2 –113 –94.8 –51 –3.12 –20.4 –37.3 –74.80 –120.2 –126 –87.5 –12.8 –29.6 –19.5 –61 –80.90 –49 –40 –43.2 –36.5 –80 –45.7 –42 –134 –120 –92.90 –61.8 –19.6 +16 –37.6 –44.2 –41
Name Sodium carbonate Sodium chlorate Sodium chloride Sodium dichromate Sodium fluoride Sodium hydrogen phosphate Sodium hydroxide (aq) Sodium iodate Sodium iodide Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite Sodium oxide Sodium peroxide Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate decahydrate Sodium sulfide Sodium tetraborate Strontium Strontium bromide Strontium bromide hexahydrate Strontium carbonate Strontium chlorate Strontium chloride Strontium chloride hexahydrate Strontium chromate Strontium fluoride Strontium hydroxide Strontium iodate Strontium iodide Strontium nitrate Strontium oxide Strontium peroxide Strontium sulfate Sulfur (rhombic) Sulfur (monoclinic) Sulfuric acid (l) Sulfur dioxide (g) Sulfur trioxide (l) Sulfur chloride (l) Sulfur dichloride (l) Sulfur hexafluoride (g) Thionyl chloride (l) Tantalum Tantalum(V) chloride Tantalum(V) oxide Technetium Tellurium Tellurium dibromide Tellurium dichloride Tellurium hexafluoride (g) Terbium (α) Terbium oxide Thallium Thallium(I) bromate Thallium(I) bromide Thallium(I) carbonate Thallium(I) chlorate Thallium(I) chloride Thallium(I) chromate Thallium(I) cyanide
Formula Na2CO3 NaClO3 NaCl Na2Cr2O7 NaF Na2HPO4 NaOH NaIO3 NaI NaNO3 NaNO2 Na2O Na2O2 Na2SO4 Na2SO4·10H2O Na2S Na2B4O7 Sr SrBr2 SrBr2·6H2O SrCO3 Sr(ClO3)2 SrCl2 SrCl2·6H2O SrCrO4 SrF2 Sr(OH)2 Sr(IO3)2 SrI2 Sr(NO3)2 SrO SrO2 SrSO4 S S H2SO4 SO2 SO3 SSCl2 SCl2 SF6 SOCl2 Ta TaCl5 Ta2O5 Tc Te TeBr2 TeCl2 TeF6 Tb Tb2O3 Tl TlBrO3 TlBr Tl2CO3 TlClO3 TlCl Tl2CrO4 TlCN
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 –41 –34.7 –30.2 +55 –15.6 –56.6 –15.8 –53 –57 –25.6 –14.5 –19.8 –28.10 –52 –184 –39 –85 +92 –86.6 –160 –47 –73 –61.5 –145 –5.1 –37.2 –40 –108 –112 –57.2 –35 –32.3 –57.9 –15.5 –14.9 –39 –18.2 –28.54 –62.2 –49.4 –44 –44.3 +154 +140 –32 +115 –38 –106 –94 –66 +170000 +78340 –50 –75.9 –63.9 –101.6 –65.5 –57.8 –39.3 –49
5/2/05 9:25:23 AM
Magnetic Susceptibility of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds Name Thallium(I) fluoride Thallium(I) iodate Thallium(I) iodide Thallium(I) nitrate Thallium(I) nitrite Thallium(I) sulfate Thallium(I) sulfide Thorium Thorium(IV) oxide Thulium Thulium oxide Tin (gray) Tin(II) chloride Tin(II) chloride dihydrate Tin(II) oxide Tin(IV) bromide Tin(IV) chloride (l) Tin(IV) oxide Titanium Titanium(II) bromide Titanium(II) chloride Titanium(II) iodide Titanium(II) sulfide Titanium(III) bromide Titanium(III) chloride Titanium(III) fluoride Titanium(III) oxide Titanium(IV) chloride Titanium(IV) oxide Tungsten Tungsten carbide Tungsten(II) chloride Tungsten(IV) oxide Tungsten(IV) sulfide Tungsten(V) bromide Tungsten(V) chloride Tungsten(VI) chloride Tungsten(VI) fluoride (g) Tungsten(VI) oxide Uranium Uranium(III) bromide Uranium(III) chloride Uranium(III) hydride Uranium(III) iodide
Section4.indb 139
Formula TlF TlIO3 TlI TlNO3 TlNO2 Tl2SO4 Tl2S Th ThO2 Tm Tm2O3 Sn SnCl2 SnCl2·2H2O SnO SnBr4 SnCl4 SnO2 Ti TiBr2 TiCl2 TiI2 TiS TiBr3 TiCl3 TiF3 Ti2O3 TiCl4 TiO2 W WC WCl2 WO2 WS2 WBr5 WCl5 WCl6 WF6 WO3 U UBr3 UCl3 UH3 UI3
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 –44.4 –86.8 –82.2 –56.5 –50.8 –112.6 –88.8 +97 –16 +24700 +51444 –37.4 –69 –91.4 –19 –149 –115 –41 +151 +720 +484 +1790 +432 +660 +1110 +1300 +132 –54 +5.9 +53 +10 –25 +57 +5850 +270 +387 –71 –53 –15.8 +409 +4740 +3460 +6244 +4460
Name Uranium(IV) bromide Uranium(IV) chloride Uranium(IV) fluoride Uranium(IV) oxide Uranium(VI) fluoride Uranium(VI) oxide Vanadium Vanadium(II) bromide Vanadium(II) chloride Vanadium(III) bromide Vanadium(III) chloride Vanadium(III) fluoride Vanadium(III) oxide Vanadium(III) sulfide Vanadium(IV) chloride Vanadium(IV) oxide Vanadium(V) oxide Water (s, 273 K) Water (l, 293 K) Water (l, 373 K) Water (g, 373 K)) Xenon (g) Ytterbium (β) Yttrium (α) Yttrium oxide Yttrium sulfide Zinc Zinc carbonate Zinc chloride Zinc cyanide Zinc fluoride Zinc hydroxide Zinc iodide Zinc oxide Zinc phosphate Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfate monohydrate Zinc sulfate heptahydrate Zinc sulfide Zirconium Zirconium carbide Zirconium nitrate pentahydrate Zirconium(IV) oxide
4-139 Formula UBr4 UCl4 UF4 UO2 UF6 UO3 V VBr2 VCl2 VBr3 VCl3 VF3 V2O3 V2S3 VCl4 VO2 V2O5 H2O H2O H2O H2O Xe Yb Y Y2O3 Y2S3 Zn ZnCO3 ZnCl2 Zn(CN)2 ZnF2 Zn(OH)2 ZnI2 ZnO Zn3(PO4)2 ZnSO4 ZnSO4·H2O ZnSO4·7H2O ZnS Zr ZrC Zr(NO3)4·5H2O ZrO2
χm/10–6 cm3 mol–1 +3530 +3680 +3530 +2360 +43 +128 +285 +3230 +2410 +2910 +3030 +2757 +1976 +1560 +1215 +99 +128 –12.63 –12.96 –13.09 –13.1 –45.5 +67 +187.7 +44.4 +100 –9.15 –34 –55.33 –46 –34.3 –67 –108 –27.2 –141 –47.8 –63 –138 –25 +120 –26 –77 –13.8
5/2/05 9:25:24 AM
INDEX OF REFRACTION OF INORGANIC LIQUIDS This table gives the index of refraction n of several inorganic substances in the liquid state at specified temperatures. The measurements refer to ambient atmospheric pressure except for substances whose normal boiling points are greater than the indicated temperature; in this case the pressure is the saturated vapor pressure of the substance. All values refer to a wavelength of 589 nm unless otherwise indicated. Entries are arranged in alphabetical order by chemical formula as normally written. Data on the index of refraction at other temperatures and wavelengths may be found in Reference 1.
a b c
Formula Ar AsCl3 BBr3 BrF3 BrF5 Br2 COS CO2 CS2 C3O2 Cl2 CrO2Cl2 Fe(CO)5 GeBr4 GeCl4 HBr HCN HCl HClO4 HF HI HNO3 H2 H2O H2O2 H2S
Name Argon Arsenic(III) chloride Boron tribromide Bromine trifluoride Bromine pentafluoride Bromine Carbon oxysulfide Carbon dioxide Carbon disulfide Carbon suboxide Chlorine Chromyl chloride Iron pentacarbonyl Germanium(IV) bromide Germanium(IV) chloride Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen chloride Perchloric acid Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen iodide Nitric acid Hydrogen Water Hydrogen peroxide Hydrogen sulfide
H2SO4 H2S2
Sulfuric acid Hydrogen disulfide
t/°C –188 16 16 25 25 15 25 24 20 0 20 23 14 26 25 10 20 18 50 25 16 25 –253 20 28 –80 20 20 20
n 1.2312 1.604 1.312 1.4536 1.3529 1.659 1.3506 1.6630 1.62774 1.453 1.3834 1.524 1.523 1.6269 1.4614 1.325 1.26136 1.3287 a 1.3819 1.1574 1.466 1.393 1.1096 1.33336 1.4061 1.460 1.3682 1.4183 1.630
References 1. Wohlfarth, C., and Wohlfarth, B., Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, III/38A, Martienssen, W., Editor, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1996. 2. Francis, A.W., J. Chem. Eng. Data, 5, 534, 1960.
Formula He Kr NH3
Helium Krypton Ammonia
Name
NO N2 N2H4 N2O O2 PBr3 PCl3 PH3 P2O3 S SCl2 SF6 SOCl2 SO2 SO2Cl2 SO3 SSCl2 SbCl5 SiBr4 SiCl4 SnBr4 SnCl4 TiCl4 Xe
Nitric oxide Nitrogen Hydrazine Nitrous oxide Oxygen Phosphorus(III) bromide Phosphorus(III) chloride Phosphine Phosphorus(III) oxide Sulfur Sulfur dichloride Sulfur hexafluoride Thionyl chloride Sulfur dioxide Sulfuryl chloride Sulfur trioxide Sulfur chloride Antimony(V) chloride Tetrabromosilane Tetrachlorosilane Tin(IV) bromide Tin(IV) chloride Titanium(IV) chloride Xenon
t/°C –269 –157 –77 20 –90 –196 22 25 –183 25 21 17 27 125 14 25 10 25 12 20 20 22 31 25 31 25 18 –112
n 1.02451 c 1.3032 c 1.3944 b 1.3327 1.330 1.19876 b 1.470 1.238 1.2243 c 1.687 1.5122 1.317 1.540 1.9170 1.557 1.167 1.527 1.3396 1.444 1.40965 1.671 1.5925 1.5685 1.41156 1.6628 1.5086 1.6076 1.3918 c
At 581 nm At 578 nm At 546 nm
4-140
Section4.indb 140
5/2/05 9:25:25 AM
PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS index. For cubic crystals there is only a single value. See Reference 1 for details on the axis systems. Variations of several percent, depending on the origin and exact composition of the sample, are common.
The chemical formula, crystal system, density, hardness, and index of refraction of some common minerals are given in this table. Entries are arranged alphabetically by mineral name. The columns are: d Formula: Chemical formula for a typical sample of the mineral. Composition often varies considerably with the origin of the sample. d Crystal system: tricl = triclinic; monocl = monoclinic; orth = orthorhombic; tetr = tetragonal; hex = hexagonal; rhomb = rhombohedral; cub = cubic. d Density: Typical density in g/cm3. Individual samples may vary by a few percent. d Hardness: On the Mohs’ scale (range of 1 to 10, with talc = 1 and diamond = 10). d Index of refraction: Values are given for the three coordinate axes in the order of least, intermediate, and greatest
Name Acanthite Actinolite Aegirine Akermanite Alabandite Albite Allanite Allemontite Almandine Altaite Aluminite Alunite Alunogen Amblygonite Analcite Anatase Andalusite Andesine Andorite Andradite Anglesite Anhydrite Ankerite Anorthite Anorthoclase Anthophyllite Apatite Apophyllite Aragonite Arcanite Argentite Arsenolite Arsenopyrite Atacamite Augelite Augite Autunite Axinite
Formula
Ag2S Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH,F)2 NaFe(SiO3)2 Ca2MgSi2O7 MnS NaAlSi3O8 (Ca,Mn,Ce,La,Y,Th)2(Fe,Ti)(Al,Fe)O·OH (Si2O7)(SiO4) SbAs Fe3Al2Si3O12 PbTe Al2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O (K,Na)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 Al2(SO4)3·18H2O (Li,Na)Al(PO4)(F,OH) NaAlSi2O6·H20 TiO2 Al2OSiO4 NaAlSi3O8·CaAl2Si2O8 PbAgSb3S6 Ca3(Fe,Ti)2Si3O12 PbSO4 CaSO4 Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO3)2 CaAl2Si2O8 (Na,K)AlSi3O8 (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH,F)2 Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl) KFCa4Si8O20·8H2O CaCO3 K2SO4 Ag2S As2O3 FeAsS Cu2(OH)3Cl Al2(PO4)(OH)3 (Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti,Al)2(Si,Al)2O6 Ca(UO22)(PO4)2·10H20 (Ca,Mn,Fe)3Al2BO3Si4O12(OH)
References 1. Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., and Zussman, J., An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals, 2nd Edition, Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex, 1992. 2. Carmichael, R. S., Practical Handbook of Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1989. 3. Donnay, J. D. H., and Ondik, H. M., Crystal Data Determinative Tables, Third Edition, Volume 2, Inorganic Compounds, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, Swarthmore, PA, 1973.
Crystal system orth monocl monocl tetr cub tricl monocl
Density g/cm3 7.2 3.23 3.58 2.94 4.0 2.63 3.8
hex cub cub monocl rhomb monocl tricl cub tetr orth tricl rhomb cub orth orth rhomb tricl tricl rhomb hex tetr orth orth orth cub monocl rhomb monocl monocl tetr tricl
6.0 4.32 8.16 1.74 2.8 1.69 3.1 2.27 4.23 3.15 2.67 5.35 3.86 6.29 2.96 3.0 2.76 2.58 3.21 3.2 2.35 2.83 2.66 7.2 3.86 6.1 3.76 2.70 3.38 3.2 3.31
Hardness 2.3 5.5 6 5.5 3.8 6.3 5.8 3.5 6.8 3 1.5 3.8 1.8 5.8 5.5 5.8 7.5 6.3 3.3 6.8 2.8 3.5 3.8 6.3 6 5.8 5 4.8 3.5 2.3 1.5 5.8 3.3 4.8 6 2.3 6.8
nα
Index of refraction nβ nγ
1.624 1.763 1.632
1.655 1.800 1.640
1.664 1.815
1.527 1.75
1.531 1.78
1.538 1.80
1.464 1.592 1.47 1.604
1.470 1.478 1.613
2.561 1.639 1.553
1.644 1.557
1.830 1.459 1.572 1.467 1.591 1.486 2.488 1.635 1.550 1.887 1.877 1.570 1.529 1.577 1.523 1.645 1.645 1.535 1.531 1.494
1.883 1.575 1.720 1.585 1.528 1.658 1.648 1.536 1.680 1.494
1.894 1.614
1.861 1.576 1.707 1.577 1.691
1.880 1.588 1.738
1.590 1.529 1.668
1.686 1.497
1.755 1.831 1.574 1.703 1.553 1.684
1.694
4-141
Section4.indb 141
5/2/05 9:25:28 AM
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals
4-142 Name Azurite Baddeleyite Barite Benitoite Bertrandite Beryl Beryllonite Biotite Bismuthinite Bixbyite Bloedite Boehmite Boracite Borax Bornite Boulangerite Bournonite Braggite Braunite Bravoite Breithauptite Brochantite Bromyrite Brookite Brucite Bunsenite Cacoxenite Calcite Caledonite Calomel Cancrinite Carnalite Carnotite Cassiterite Celestite Celsian Cerargyrite Cerussite Cervantite Chabazite Chalcanthite Chalcocite Chalcopyrite Chiolite Chlorite Chloritoid Chondrodite Chromite Chrysoberyl Chrysocolla Cinnabar Claudetite Clinohumite Clinozoisite Cobaltite Colemanite Columbite Connellite Copiapite Coquimbite
Section4.indb 142
Formula
Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2 ZrO2 BaSO4 BaTi(SiO3)3 Be4Si2O7(OH)2 Be3Al2(SiO3)6 NaBe(PO)4 K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 Bi2S3 (Mn,Fe)2O3 Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O AlO(OH) Mg3B7O13Cl Na2B4O7·10H2O Cu5FeS4 Pb5Sb4S11 PbCuSbS3 PtS (Mn,Si)2O3 (Ni,Fe)S2 NiSb Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 AgBr TiO2 Mg(OH)2 NiO Fe4(PO4)3(OH)3·12H20 CaCO3 Cu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 Hg2Cl2 (Na,Ca,K)7[Al6Si6O24](CO3,SO4,Cl,OH)2·H20 KMgCl3·6H20 K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O SnO2 SrSO4 BaAl2Si2O8 AgCl PbCO3 Sb2O4 Ca[Al2Si4O12]·6H2O CuSO4·5H2O Cu2S CuFeS2 Na5Al3F14 (Mg,Al,Fe)12(Si,Al)8O20(OH)16 FeAl4O2(SiO4)2(OH)4 Mg(OH,F)2·2Mg2SiO4 FeCr2O4 BeAl2O4 CuSiO3·2H2O HgS As2O3 Mg(OH,F)2·4Mg2SiO4 Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) CoAsS Ca2B6O11·5H2O (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 Cu19(SO4)Cl4(OH)32·3H2O (Fe,Mg)Fe4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O
Crystal system monocl monocl orth rhomb rhomb hex monocl monocl orth cub monocl orth rhomb monocl cub monocl rhomb tetr tetr cub hex monocl cub orth hex cub hex hex rhomb tetr hex rhomb rhomb tetr orth monocl cub orth orth trig tricl orth tetr tetr monocl monocl monocl cub orth rhomb hex monocl monocl monocl cub monocl rhomb hex tricl hex
Density g/cm3 3.77 5.7 4.49 3.65 2.6 2.64 2.81 3.0 6.78 4.95 2.25 3.44 2.94 1.73 5.07 6.1 5.83 10.2 4.78 4.62 ≈8.7 3.79 6.47 4.23 2.37 6.72 2.3 2.71 5.76 7.16 2.42 1.60 6.85 3.96 3.25 5.56 6.6 6.64 2.08 2.29 5.6 4.2 3.00 3.0 3.66 3.21 5.0 3.65 2.4 8.17 3.74 3.21 3.30 ≈6.1 2.42 5.20 3.36 2.13 2.1
Hardness 3.8 6.5 3.3 6.3 6 7.8 5.8 2.8 2 6.3 2.8 3.8 7.3 2.3 3 2.8 2.8 6.3 5.8 5.5 3.8 2.5 5.8 2.5 5.5 3.5 3 2.8 1.5 5.5 2.5 1.5 6.5 3.3 6.3 2.5 3.3 4.5 4.5 2.5 2.8 3.8 3.8 2.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 8.5 2 2.3 2.5 6 6.5 5.5 4.5 6 3 2.8 2.5
Index of refraction nβ nγ nα 1.730 1.758 1.838 2.13 2.19 2.20 1.636 1.637 1.648 1.757 1.804 1.589 1.602 1.613 1.582 1.589 1.552 1.558 1.561 1.595 1.651 1.651
1.483 1.64 1.66 1.447
1.486 1.65 1.66 1.469
1.487 1.66 1.67 1.472
1.728 2.253 2.583 1.575
1.771
1.800
2.584 1.59
2.700
1.580 1.486 1.818 1.973 1.495 1.466 1.75 2.006 1.622 1.583 2.071 1.804 1.482 1.514
1.646 1.658 1.866 2.656 1.509 1.475 1.92 2.097 1.624 1.588
1.909
1.494 1.95 1.631 1.594
2.076
2.079
1.537
1.543
1.349 1.62 1.721 1.615
1.62 1.726 1.634
1.342 1.61 1.717 1.604 2.16 1.746 1.575 2.814 1.87 1.633 1.693
1.748 1.597 3.143 1.92 1.647 1.700
2.01 1.668 1.712
1.586
1.592
1.614
1.731 1.52 1.54
1.752 1.54 1.56
1.59
1.756 1.598
5/2/05 9:25:31 AM
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals Name Cordierite Corundum Cotunnite Covellite Cristobalite Crocoite Cryolite Cryolithionite Cubanite Cummingtonite Cuprite Danburite Datolite Daubreelite Derbylite Diamond Diaspore Digenite Diopside Dioptase Dolomite Douglasite Dyscrasite Eddingtonite Eglestonite Emplectite Enargite Enstatite Epidote Epsomite Erythrite Eucairite Euclasite Eudialite Eulytite Euxenite Fayalite Ferberite Fergussonite Fluorite Forsterite Franklinite Gahnite Galaxite Galena Galenabismuthite Ganomalite Gaylussite Gehlenite Geikielite Gibbsite Glauberite Glauconite Glaucophane Gmelinite Goethite Goslarite Greenockite Grossularite Gummite
Section4.indb 143
Formula
Al3(Mg,Fe)2Si5AlO18 Al2O3 PbCl2 CuS SiO2 PbCrO4 Na3AlF6 Na3Li3Al2F12 CuFe2S3 (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 Cu2O CaSi2B2O8 CaBSiO4(OH) Cr2FeS4 Fe6Ti6Sb2O23 C AlO(OH) Cu2–xS CaMgSi2O6 CuSiO2(ΟH)2 CaMg(CO3)2 K2FeCl4·2H2O Ag3Sb BaAl2Si3O10·4H2O Hg4OCl2 CuBiS2 Cu3AsS4 MgSiO3 Ca2Al2(Al,Fe)OH(SiO4)3 MgSO4·7H2O (Co,Ni)3(AsO4)2·8H2O CuAgSe BeAlSiO4(OH) (Na,Ca,Ce)5(Fe,Mn)(Zr,Ti)(Si3O9)2 (OH,Cl) Bi4Si3O12 (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 Fe2SiO4 FeWO4 (Y,Er,Ce,Fe)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 CaF2 Mg2SiO4 ZnFe2O4 ZnAl2O4 MnAl2O4 PbS PbBi2S4 (Ca,Pb)10(OH,Cl)2(Si2O7)3 Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O Ca2Al2SiO7 MgTiO3 Al(OH)3 Na2Ca(SO4)2 (K,Na,Ca)1.6(Fe,Al,Mg)4.0Si7.3Al0.7 O20(OH)4 Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 (Ca,Na2)[Al2Si4O12]·6H2O FeO(OH) ZnSO4·7H2O CdS Ca3Al2Si3O12 UO3·H2O
4-143 Crystal system rhomb hex orth hex hex monocl monocl cub rhomb monocl cub rhomb monocl cub rhomb cub orth cub monocl rhomb rhomb orth rhomb rhomb cub rhomb rhomb monocl monocl orth monocl orth monocl hex cub rhomb orth monocl tetr cub orth cub cub cub cub rhomb hex monocl tetr hex monocl monocl monocl monocl hex orth orth hex cub orth
Density g/cm3 2.66 3.97 5.98 4.8 2.33 6.12 2.97 2.77 4.11 3.4 6.0 3.0 2.98 3.81 4.53 3.51 3.4 5.55 3.30 3.5 2.86 2.16 9.74 2.8 8.4 6.38 4.5 3.19 3.44 1.67 3.06 7.7 3.1 3.0 6.6 5.5 4.30 7.51 5.7 3.18 3.21 5.21 4.62 4.04 7.60 7.04 5.6 1.99 3.04 3.85 2.42 2.80 2.7 3.19 2.10 4.3 1.97 4.8 3.59 7.05
Hardness 7 9 2.5 1.8 6.5 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.5 5.5 3.8 7 5.3 5 10 6.8 2.8 6 5 3.5 3.8 2.5 2 3 5.5 6 2.3 2 2.5 7.5 5.5 4.5 6 6.5 4.3 6 4 7 6 7.8 7.8 2.5 3 3.5 2.8 5.5 5.5 3 2.8 2 6 4.5 5.3 2.3 3.3 6.8 3.8
Index of refraction nβ nγ nα 1.540 1.549 1.553 1.761 1.769 2.199 2.217 2.260 1.484 2.29 1.338 1.340
1.487 2.36 1.338
2.66 1.339
1.650
1.660
1.676
1.63 1.624
1.63 1.652
1.63 1.668
2.45 2.418 1.694
2.45
2.51
1.715
1.741
1.680 1.65 1.500 1.488
1.687 1.70 1.679 1.500
1.708
1.541 2.49
1.553
1.557
1.656 1.733 1.433 1.626
1.662 1.755 1.455 1.661
1.669 1.765 1.461 1.699
1.651 1.623 2.05 2.2 1.827
1.655 1.600
1.671 1.615
1.869
1.879
1.651
1.670
2.1 1.434 1.635 2.36 1.805 1.92 3.91 1.910 1.444 1.658 1.95 1.57 1.515 1.60 1.634 1.477 2.268 1.457 2.506 1.734
1.945 1.516 1.669 2.31 1.57 1.535 1.63 1.645 1.485 2.401 1.480 2.529
1.523
1.59 1.536 1.63 1.648 2.457 1.484
5/2/05 9:25:32 AM
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals
4-144 Name Gypsum Halite Hambergite Hanksite Harmotome Hausmannite Haüyne Hedenbergite Helvite Hematite Hemimorphite Hercynite Herderite Hessite Heulandite Hopeite Hornblende Huebnerite Humite Huntite Hydrogrossularite Hydromagnesite Illite Ilmenite Iodyrite Jacobsite Jadeite Jamesonite Jarosite Kainite Kaliophylite Kaolinite Kernite Kieserite Kyanite Lanarkite Lanthanite Laumontite Laurionite Lawsonite Lazulite Lazurite Leadhillite Lepidocrocite Lepidolite Leucite Levyne Litharge Loellingite Maghemite Magnesite Magnetite Malachite Manganite Manganosite Marcasite Marialite Marshite Mascagnite Matlockite
Section4.indb 144
Formula
CaSO4·2H2O NaCl Be2(OH)(BO3) Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl Ba[Al2Si6O16]·6H2O Mn3O4 (Na,Ca)4-8Al6Si6O24(SO4,S)1-2 CaFeSi2O6 Mn4Be3Si3O12S Fe2O3 Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O Fe(AlO2)2 CaBe(PO4)(Fe,OH) Ag2Te (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si7O18]·6H2O Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O Ca2(Mg,Fe)4Al(Si7AlO22)(OH)2 MnWO4 Mg(OH,F)2·3Mg2SiO4 Mg3Ca(CO3)4 Ca3Al2Si2O8(SiO4)1-m(OH)4m 3MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·3H2O KAl4[Si7AlO20](OH)4 FeTiO3 AgI MnFe2O4 NaAlSi2O6 Pb4FeSb6S14 KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 KMg(SO4)Cl·3H2O KAlSiO4 Al4Si4O10(OH)8 Na2B4O7·4H2O MgSO4·H2O Al2OSiO4 Pb2(SO4)O (La,Ce)2(CO3)3·8H2O Ca4[Al8Si16O48]·16H2O Pb(OH)Cl CaAl2(OH)2Si2O7·H2O (Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 Na4SSi3Al3O12 Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 FeO(OH) K2(Li,Al)5-6[Si6-7Al2-1O20](OH,F)4 KAlSi2O6 (Ca,Na2)Al2Si4O12·6H2O PbO FeAs2 Fe2O3 MgCO3 Fe3O4 Cu2(OH)2(CO3) MnO(OH) MnO FeS2 Na4Al3Si9O24Cl CuI (NH4)2SO4 PbClF
Crystal system monocl cub rhomb hex monocl tetr cub monocl cub hex rhomb cub monocl orth monocl orth monocl monocl orth trig cub monocl monocl rhomb hex cub monocl monocl rhomb monocl hex tricl monocl monocl tricl monocl rhomb monocl rhomb rhomb monocl cub monocl orth monocl tetr rhomb tetr rhomb cub hex cub monocl monocl cub cub tetr cub orth tetr
Density g/cm3 2.32 2.17 2.36 2.56 2.44 4.84 2.47 3.53 3.32 5.25 3.45 4.3 2.98 8.4 2.2 3.0 3.24 7.2 3.3 2.70 3.4 2.24 2.8 4.72 5.68 4.87 3.34 5.63 3.09 2.15 2.61 2.65 1.95 2.57 3.59 6.92 2.72 2.3 6.24 3.08 3.23 2.42 6.55 4.26 2.85 2.49 2.10 9.35 7.40 4.88 3.05 5.17 4.05 ≈4.3 5.37 5.02 2.56 5.67 1.77 7.05
Hardness 2 2 7.5 3.3 4.5 5.5 5.8 6 6 6 5 7.8 5.3 2.5 3.8 3.2 5.5 4.3 6 6.8 3.5 1.5 5.5 1.5 7.8 6 2.5 3 2.8 6 2.3 2.5 3.5 6.3 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 6 5.8 5.3 2.8 5 3.3 5.8 4.5 2 5.3 7.8 4 6 3.8 4 5.5 6.3 5.5 2.5 2.3 2.8
Index of refraction nβ nγ nα 1.520 1.525 1.530 1.544 1.56 1.59 1.63 1.461 1.481 1.506 1.507 1.511 2.15 2.46 1.502 1.721 1.727 1.746 1.739 2.91 3.19 1.614 1.617 1.636 1.835 1.592 1.612 1.621 1.498 1.58 1.67 2.17 1.625
1.498 1.59 1.67 2.22 1.636
1.506 1.59 1.69 2.32 1.657
1.70 1.523 1.56
1.527 1.59
1.545 1.59
2.21 2.3 1.649 1.715 1.494 1.532 1.549 1.454 1.520 1.715 1.928 1.52 1.508 2.08 1.655 1.615 1.500 1.87 1.94 1.536 1.510 1.496 2.535 2.63 1.536 2.42 1.655 2.25
1.541 2.346 1.520 2.006
2.22 1.654 1.820 1.505 1.537 1.564 1.472 1.533 1.722 2.007 1.587 1.517 2.12 1.675 1.64 2.00 2.20 1.565
1.663
1.516 1.565 1.488 1.584 1.731 2.036 1.613 1.519 2.16 1.685 1.650 2.01 2.51 1.566
1.501 2.665
1.741 1.875 2.25
1.909 2.53
1.548 1.523 2.145
1.533
5/2/05 9:25:34 AM
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals Name Meionite Melanterite Melilite Mellite Mendipite Mesolite Metacinnabar Microcline Miersite Millerite Mimetite Minium Mirabilite Moissanite Molybdenite Monazite Monetite Monticellite Montmorillonite Montroydite Mordenite Muscovite Nantokite Natrolite Nepheline Newberyite Niccolite Norbergite Nosean Oldhamite Oligoclase Olivenite Olivine Opal Orpiment Orthoclase Orthopyroxene Paragonite Parisite Pectolite Penfieldite Pentlandite Percylite Periclase Perovskite Petalite Pharmacosiderite Phenakite Phillipsite Phlogopite Phosgenite Piemontite Pigeonite Pollucite Polybasite Powellite Prehnite Proustite Pseudobrookite Psilomelane
Section4.indb 145
Formula
Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 FeSO4·7H2O (Ca,Na)2(Mg,Fe,Al,Si)3O7 Al2C12O12·18H2O Pb3O2Cl2 Na2Ca2(Al2Si3O10)3·8H2O HgS KAlSi3O8 AgI NiS Pb5(AsO4,PO4)3Cl Pb3O4 Na2SO4·10H2O SiC MoS2 (Ce,La,Th)PO4 CaHPO4 Ca(Mg,Fe)SiO4 (0.5Ca,Na)0.7(Al,Mg,Fe)4 [(Si,Al)8O20](OH)4·nH2O HgO (Na,K,Ca)[Al2Si10O24]·7H2O KAl2Si3AlO10(OH,F)2 CuCl Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O Na3KAl4Si4O16 MgHPO4·3H2O NiAs Mg(OH,F)2·Mg2SiO4 Na8Al6Si6O24SO4 CaS ([NaSi]0.9-0.7[CaAl]0.1-0.3)AlSi2O8 Cu2(AsO4)(OH) (Mg,Fe)SiO4 SiO2·nH2O As2S3 KAlSi3O8 (Mg,Fe)SiO3 NaAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2 (Ce,La,Na)FCO3·CaCO3 Ca2NaH(SiO3)3 Pb4Cl6(OH)2 (Fe,Ni)9S8 PbCuCl2(OH)2 MgO CaTiO3 LiAlSi4O10 Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)3·5H2O Be2SiO4 K(Ca0.5,Na)2[Al3Si5O16]·6H2O KMg3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 Pb2(CO3)Cl2 Ca2(Mn,Fe,Al)3O(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH) (Mg,Fe,Ca)(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 CsAlSi2O6 (Ag,Cu)16Sb2S11 Ca(Mo,W)O4 Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Ag3AsS3 Fe2TiO5 BaMn9O16(OH)4
4-145 Crystal system tetr monocl tetr tetr rhomb orth cub monocl hex hex hex tetr monocl hex hex monocl tricl orth monocl orth orth monocl cub orth hex orth hex orth cub cub tricl rhomb rhomb amorp monocl monocl rhomb monocl hex tricl hex cub cub cub cub monocl cub rhomb monocl monocl tetr monocl monocl tetr monocl tetr rhomb rhomb rhomb rhomb
Density g/cm3 2.78 1.89 3.00 1.64 7.24 2.26 7.70 2.56 5.68 5.5 7.24 8.9 1.46 3.16 5.06 5.2 2.92 3.18 2.5 11.14 2.13 2.83 4.14 2.23 2.61 2.13 7.77 3.21 2.35 2.59 2.64 4.2 3.81 1.9 3.46 2.56 3.6 2.85 4.42 2.88 6.6 4.8 3.6 3.98 2.42 2.80 2.98 2.2 2.83 6.13 3.49 3.38 2.9 6.1 4.35 2.93 5.57 4.36 4.71
Hardness 5.5 2 5.5 2.3 2.5 5 3 6.3 2.5 3.3 3.8 2.5 1.8 9.5 1.3 5 3.5 5.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 2.8 2.5 5 5.8 3.3 5.3 6.5 5.5 4 6.3 3 6.8 5 1.8 6 5.5 2.5 4.5 4.8 3.8 2.5 5.5 5.5 6.5 2.5 7.5 4.3 2.3 2.5 6 6 6.5 2.5 3.8 6.3 2.3 6 5.5
Index of refraction nβ nγ nα 1.559 1.595 1.47 1.48 1.49 1.639 1.645 1.511 1.539 2.24 2.27 2.31 1.506 1.522 2.20
1.526
2.128
2.147
1.394 2.648
1.396 2.691
1.398
1.787 1.587 1.647 1.55 2.37 1.478 1.563 1.930 1.478 1.534 1.514
1.789 1.61 1.655 1.57 2.50 1.480 1.596
1.840 1.640 1.664 1.57 2.65 1.482 1.602
1.481 1.538 1.517
1.491 1.533
1.565 1.495 2.137 1.539 1.77 1.73 1.44 2.40 1.523 1.709 1.572 1.672 1.603 2.13
1.573
1.592
1.543 1.80 1.76
1.547 1.85 1.78
2.81 1.527 1.712 1.602 1.771 1.610 2.21
3.02 1.531 1.723 1.605
1.511
1.519
2.05 1.735 2.34 1.506 1.690 1.654 1.494 1.560 2.118 1.762 1.702 1.517 1.971 1.622 2.792 2.38
1.670 1.497 1.597 2.145 1.773 1.703
1.980 1.628 3.088 2.39
1.530
1.639
1.505 1.598 1.796 1.728
1.648 2.42
5/2/05 9:25:35 AM
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals
4-146 Name Pumpellyite Pyrargyrite Pyrite Pyrochlore Pyrochroite Pyrolusite Pyromorphite Pyrope Pyrophyllite Pyrrhotite Quartz Rammelsbergite Raspite Realgar Rhodochrosite Rhodonite Riebeckite Rutile Safflorite Samarskite Sapphirine Scapolite Scheelite Scolecite Scorodite Sellaite Senarmontite Serpentine Siderite Sillimanite Skutterudite Smithsonite Sodalite Sperrylite Spessartite Sphalerite Sphene Spinel Spodumene Stannite Staurolite Stercorite Stibiotantalite Stibnite Stilbite Stilpnomelane Stolzite Strengite Strontianite Struvite Sulfur Sylvanite Sylvite Talc Tantalite Tapiolite Tellurobismuthite Terlinguaite Tetrahedrite Thenardite
Section4.indb 146
Formula Ca2Al2(Al,Fe,Mg)[Si2(O,OH)7] (SiO4)(OH,O)3 Ag3SbS3 FeS2 NaCaNb2O6F Mn(OH)2 MnO2 Pb5(PO4,AsO4)3Cl Mg3Al2Si3O12 Al2Si4O10(OH)2 Fe7S8 SiO2 NiAs2 PbWO4 As4S4 MnCO3 (Mn,Fe,Ca)SiO3 Na2Fe5(Si8O22)(OH)2 TiO2 (Co,Fe)As2 (Y,Er,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,Pb,Th) (Nb,Ta,Ti,Sn)2O6 (Mg,Fe)2Al4O6SiO4 (Na,Ca)4Al3(Al,Si)3Si6O24 (Cl,F,OH,CO3,SO4) CaWO4 CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O Fe(AsO4)·2H2O MgF2 Sb2O3 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 FeCO3 Al2OSiO4 (Co,Ni)As3 ZnCO3 Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 PtAs2 Mn3Al2Si3O12 ZnS CaTiSiO4(O,OH,F) MgAl2O4 LiAlSi2O6 Cu2FeSn4 (Fe,Mg,Zn)2(Al,Fe,Ti)9O6 [(Si,Al)O4]4(O,OH)2 Na(NH4)H(PO4)·4H2O Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 Sb2S3 NaCa2[Al5Si13O36]·14H2O (K,Na,Ca)0.6(Fe,Mg)6Si8Al (O,OH)27·2H2O PbWO4 FePO4·2H2O SrCO3 Mg(NH4)(PO4)·6H2O S (Ag,Au)Te2 KCl Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 FeTa2O6 Bi2Te3 Hg2OCl (Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 Na2SO4
Crystal system monocl rhomb cub cub hex tetr hex cub monocl hex hex orth monocl monocl hex orth monocl tetr rhomb rhomb monocl tetr tetr monocl rhomb tetr cub monocl hex rhomb cub rhomb cub cub cub cub monocl cub monocl tetr monocl tricl rhomb orth monocl monocl tetr orth orth rhomb orth monocl cub monocl rhomb tetr hex monocl cub orth
Density g/cm3 3.21 5.85 5.02 5.3 3.26 5.08 7.04 3.58 2.78 4.62 2.65 7.1 8.46 3.5 3.70 3.48 3.3 4.23 7.3 5.69 3.49 2.64 6.06 2.27 3.28 3.15 5.58 2.55 3.9 3.25 6.8 4.4 2.30 10.58 4.19 4.0 3.50 3.55 3.13 4.4 3.79 1.62 6.6 4.56 2.2 2.8 8.2 2.87 3.5 1.71 2.07 8.16 1.99 2.71 7.95 7.9 7.74 8.73 4.9 2.7
Hardness 5.5 2.5 6.3 5.3 2.5 6.3 3.8 6.8 1.5 4 7 5.8 2.8 1.8 3.8 6 5 6.2 4.8 5.5 7.5 5.5 4.8 5 3.8 5 2.3 3 4.3 7 5.8 4.3 5.8 6.5 6.8 3.8 5 7.8 6.8 4 7.5 2 5.5 2 3.8 3.5 2.8 4 3.5 2 2 1.8 2 1 6.5 6.3 1.8 2.5 3.8 2.8
Index of refraction nβ nγ nα 1.688 1.695 1.705 2.88 3.08
1.68
1.72
2.048 1.714 1.545
2.058
1.544
1.553
1.27 2.538 1.597 1.725 1.675 2.609
1.27 2.684 1.816 1.729 1.683 2.900
2.200 1.709 1.551 1.920 1.510 1.784 1.378 2.087 1.55 1.635 1.658 1.621 1.485
1.579
1.712 1.573 1.936 1.518 1.795 1.390 1.56 1.875 1.660
1.599
1.30 2.704 1.737 1.694
1.715
1.519 1.814
1.56 1.660
1.848
1.800 2.369 1.90 1.719 1.656
1.95
2.03
1.662
1.671
1.743 1.439 2.38
1.747 1.442 2.41
1.755 1.469 2.46
1.492 1.585 2.19 1.707 1.518 1.495 1.958
1.499 1.665 2.27 1.719 1.666 1.496 2.038
1.503 1.665
1.490 1.545 2.26 2.27
1.592 2.32 2.42
1.595 2.43
2.35
2.64
2.66
1.468
1.475
1.483
1.741 1.668 1.504 2.245
5/2/05 9:25:37 AM
Physical and Optical Properties of Minerals Name Thermonatrite Thomsenolite Thorianite Thorite Topaz Torbernite Tourmaline Tremolite Trevorite Tridymite TriphylliteLithiophyllite Troegerite Troilite Trona Turquois Ullmannite Uraninite Uvarovite Valentinite Vanadinite Variseite-Strengite Vaterite Vermiculite Vesuvianite Villiaumite Vivianite Wagnerite Wavellite Whewellite Willemite Witherite Wolframite Wollastonite Wulfenite Wurtzite Xenotime Zeunerite Zincite Zircon Zoisite
Section4.indb 147
4-147
Na2CO3·H2O NaCaAlF6·H2O ThO2 ThSiO4 Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O Na(Mg,Fe,Mn,Li,Al)3Al6Si6O18 (BO3)3 Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH,F)2 NiFe2O4 SiO2 Li(Fe,Mn)PO4
Crystal system orth monocl cub tetr rhomb tetr rhomb monocl cub hex rhomb
(UO2)3(AsO4)2·12H2O FeS Na3H(CO3)2·2H2O Cu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O NiSbS UO2 Ca3Cr2Si3O12 Sb2O3 Pb5(VO4)3Cl (Al,Fe)(PO4)·2H2O CaCO3 (Mg,Ca)0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6[(Al,Si)8O20] (OH)4·8H2O Ca10(Mg,Fe)2Al4(Si2O7)2(SiO4)5 (OH,F)4 NaF Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O Mg2(PO4)F Al3(OH)3(PO4)2·5H2O CaC2O4·H2O Zn2SiO4 BaCO3 (Fe,Mn)WO4 CaSiO3 PbMoO4 ZnS YPO4 Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O ZnO ZrSiO4 Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH)
tetr hex monocl tricl cub cub cub orth hex rhomb hex monocl tetr cub monocl monocl rhomb cub hex orth monocl monocl tetr hex tetr tetr hex tetr rhomb
Formula
Density g/cm3 2.25 2.98 10.0 6.7 3.53 3.22 3.14 3.0 5.33 2.27 3.46
Hardness 1.3 2 6.5 4.8 8 2.3 7 5.5 7.8 7 4.5 2.5 4 2.8 5.3 5.3 5.5 6.8 2.8 2.9 4
4.7 2.14 2.9 6.65 11.0 3.83 5.7 6.8 2.72 2.71 2.3 3.33 2.78 2.58 3.15 2.36 2.2 4.1 4.29 7.3 2.92 6.7 4.09 4.8
1.5 6.5 2.3 1.8 5.3 3.6 2.8 5.5 3.5 4.3 4.8 2.9 3.8 4.5
5.6 4.6 3.26
4 7.5 6
Index of refraction nβ nγ nα 1.420 1.506 1.524 1.407 1.414 1.415 2.200 1.8 1.618 1.620 1.627 1.582 1.592 1.62 1.65 1.599 1.612 1.622 2.3 1.475 1.476 1.479 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.59
1.630
1.412 1.70
1.492 1.73
1.540 1.75
2.35 2.416 1.654 1.645 1.556 1.73
2.35
1.865 2.18 2.350 1.635 1.550 1.542 1.72 1.327 1.598 1.568 1.527 1.491 1.691 1.529 2.26 1.628 2.283 2.356 1.721 1.606 2.013 1.94 1.695
1.629 1.572 1.535 1.554 1.719 1.676 2.32 1.639 2.403 2.378 1.816 2.029 1.99 1.699
1.668 1.556
1.652 1.582 1.553 1.650 1.677 2.42 1.642
1.711
5/2/05 9:25:38 AM
Crystallographic Data on Minerals This table contains x-ray crystallographic data on about 400 common minerals, as well as selected crystalline elements. Entries are arranged alphabetically by mineral name. The columns are: Name: Common name of the mineral. Formula: Chemical formula for a typical sample of the mineral. Composition often varies considerably with the origin of the sample. Crystal system: tricl = triclinic; monocl = monoclinic; orth = orthorhombic; tetr = tetragonal; hex = hexagonal; rhomb = rhombohedral; cubic = cubic. Structure type: Prototype for the structural arrangement of the crystallographic cell. Z: Number of formula units per the unit cell. a, b, c: Lengths of the cell edges in Å (1Å = 10-8 cm). α, β, γ : Angles between cell axes. Name Acanthite Acmite (Aegirine) Akermanite Alabandite Almandine (Almandite) Altaite Aluminum Alunite Analcite Anatase Andalusite Andradite Anglesite Anhydrite Annite Anorthite Anthophyllite Antimony Aragonite Arcanite Argentite Argentopyrite Arsenic Arsenolite Arsenopyrite Azurite Baddeleyite Banalsite Barite Berlinite Beryl Berzelianite Bismite Bismuth Bismuthinite Bixbyite
Formula Ag2S NaFe(SiO3)2 Ca2MgSi2O7 MnS Fe3Al2Si3O12
Crystal system monocl monocl tetr cubic cubic
PbTe Al KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 NaAlSi2O6·H20 TiO2 Al2OSiO4 Ca3Fe2Si3O12 PbSO4 CaSO4 KFe3[AlSi3O10](OH)2 CaAl2Si2O8 Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 Sb CaCO3 K2SO4 Ag2S AgFe2S3 As As2O3 FeAsS Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2 ZrO2 BaNa2Al4Si4O16 BaSO4 AlPO4 Be3Al2(SiO3)6 Cu2Se Bi2O3 Bi Bi2S3 Mn2O3
cubic cubic rhomb cubic tetr orth cubic orth orth monocl tricl orth rhomb orth orth cubic orth rhomb cubic tricl monocl monocl orth orth hex hex cubic monocl rhomb orth cubic
Boehmite Borax
AlO(OH) Na2B4O7·10H2O
orth monocl
4-156
References 1. Robie, R.A., Bethke, P.M., and Beardsley, K.M., U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1248, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 2. Donnay, J.D.H., and Ondik, H.M., Crystal Data Determinative Tables, Third Edition, Volume 2, Inorganic Compounds, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, Swarthmore, PA, 1973. 3. Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J., An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals, 2nd Edition, Longman Scientific & Technical, Harlow, Essex, 1992.
Structure type diopside melilite rock salt garnet rock salt copper
garnet barite anhydrite 1M mica primitive cell arsenic aragonite arcanite
arsenic diamond
baddeleyite barite α-quartz beryl pseudo-orth arsenic stibnite thallium trioxide lepidocrocite
Z 4 4 2 4 8
a/Å 4.228 9.658 7.8435 5.223 11.526
4 4 3 16 4 4 8 4 4 2 8 4 6 4 4 2 4 6 16 4 2 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 6 4 16
6.4606 4.049 6.982 13.733 3.785 7.7959 12.048 8.480 6.991 10.29 8.177 18.61 4.2996 5.741 5.772 4.870 6.64 3.760 11.074 5.760 5.008 5.1454 8.50 8.878 4.942 9.215 5.85 7.48 4.5367 11.150 9.411
4 4
2.868 11.858
b/Å 6.928 8.795
c/Å 7.862 5.294 5.010
α
β 99.58° 107.42°
γ
17.32
7.8983 5.398 6.996 9.33 12.877 18.01 7.968 10.072 11.47
9.514 5.5583 6.958 6.238 5.39 14.169 5.24 11.2516 4.959 7.483
93.17°
105.1° 115.85°
91.22°
6.45 10.555
5.690 5.844 5.2075 9.97 5.450
5.785 10.336 5.3107 16.72 7.152 10.97 9.192
8.14 11.300
5.83 11.8383 3.981
12.227 10.674
3.700 12.197
90.00°
112.23° 92.45° 99.23°
112.9°
106.68°
90.00°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-157
Name Bornite (metastable) Breithauptite Brochantite Bromargyrite Bromellite Brookite Brucite
Formula Cu5FeS4 NiSb Cu4SO4(OH)6 AgBr BeO TiO2 Mg(OH)2
Crystal system cubic hex monocl cubic hex orth hex
Bunsenite Bustamite Cadmium telluride Cadmoselite Calcite Calomel Carbonate-apatite Cassiterite Cattierite Celestite Celsian Cerianite Cerussite Cervantite Chalcanthite Chalcocite Chalcopyrite Chlorapatite Chlorargyrite Chloritoid Chloromagnesite Chondrodite Chrysoberyl Cinnabar Claudetite Clausthalite Clinoenstatite Clinoferrosilite Clinohumite Clinozoisite Cobalt olivine Cobalt oxide Cobalt sulfide Cobalt titanate Cobalticalcite Cobaltite Coesite Coffinite Colemanite Coloradoite Cooperite Copper
NiO CaMn(SiO3)2 CdTe CdSe CaCO3 Hg2Cl2 Ca10(PO4)6CO3·H2O SnO2 CoS2 SrSO4 BaAl2Si2O8 CeO2 PbCO3 Sb2O4 CuSO4·5H2O Cu2S CuFeS2 Ca5(PO4)3Cl AgCl FeAl4O2(SiO4)2(OH)4 MgCl2 2Mg2SiO4·MgF2 BeAl2O4 HgS As2O3 PbSe MgSiO3 FeSiO3 4Mg2SiO4·MgF2 Ca2Al3(SiO4)3OH Co2SiO4 CoO CoS CoTiO3 CoCO3 CoAsS SiO2 USiO4 Ca2B6O11·5H2O HgTe PtS Cu
cubic tricl cubic hex rhomb tetr hex tetr cubic orth monocl cubic orth orth tricl orth tetr hex cubic monocl rhomb monocl orth hex monocl cubic monocl monocl monocl monocl orth cubic cubic rhomb rhomb cubic monocl tetr monocl cubic tetr cubic
Corundum Cotunnite Covellite Cristobalite (α) Cristobalite (β) Cryolite Cubanite Cummingtonite Cuprite Danburite
Al2O3 PbCl2 CuS SiO2 SiO2 Na3AlF6 CuFe2S3 (Mg,Fe,Mn)7(Si4O11)2(OH)2 Cu2O CaB2Si2O8
rhomb orth hex tetr cubic monocl orth monocl cubic orth
Structure type niccolite rock salt zincite cadmium iodide rock salt sphalerite zincite calcite apatite rutile pyrite barite fluorite aragonite
apatite rock salt
olivine cinnabar rock salt
olivine rock salt sphalerite ilmenite calcite NiSbS zircon sphalerite face-centered cubic corundum
tremolite
Z 8 2 4 4 2 8 1
a/Å 10.94 3.942 13.066 5.7745 2.6979 5.456 3.147
4 6 4 2 6 4 1 2 4 4 8 4 4 4 2 96 4 2 4 8 3 2 4 3 4 4 8 8 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 4 16 4 4 4 2 4
4.177 7.736 6.4805 4.2977 4.9899 4.478 9.436 4.738 5.5345 8.359 8.627 5.4110 6.152 5.424 6.1045 11.881 5.2988 9.629 5.5491 9.48 3.632 7.89 5.4756 4.149 5.339 6.1255 9.620 9.7085 13.68 8.887 4.782 4.260 5.339 5.066 4.6581 5.60 7.152 6.995 8.743 6.4600 3.4699 3.6150
6 4 6 4 8 2 4 2 2 4
4.7591 4.535 3.792 4.971 7.1382 5.40 6.46 9.522 4.2696 8.04
b/Å
c/Å
9.85
5.155 6.022
9.182
7.157
α
β
γ
103.27°
4.3772 5.143 4.769 13.824
90.52°
94.58°
103.87°
7.0021 17.064 10.910 6.883 3.188 5.352 13.045
6.866 14.408
8.436 11.76 10.72 27.323
5.195 4.804 5.949 13.491 10.434 6.777
5.48
101.77°
12.984
18.18 17.795 10.29 4.4267 9.495 4.5405
8.825 9.0872 4.75 5.581 10.301
5.188 5.2284 10.27 10.14 6.003
108.33° 108.43° 100.83° 115.93°
4.743 9.4041
115.20°
97.57°
107.28°
109.03°
94.27°
13.918 14.958 12.379 11.264
7.152 6.263 6.102
120.00° 110.12°
6.1098
7.62
12.9894 9.05 16.34 6.918
5.60 11.12 18.223
7.776 6.23 5.332
8.77
7.74
90.18° 101.92°
77.43°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-158 Name Datolite Daubreeite Diamond Diaspore Dickite Digenite
Formula CaBSiO4(OH) FeCr2S4 C AlO(OH) Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Cu1.79S
Crystal system monocl cubic cubic orth monocl cubic
Diopside Dioptase Dolerophanite Dolomite Dravite Elbaite Enargite Enstatite Epidote Epsomite Eskolaite Eucairite Euclase Famatimite Fayalite Fe-Cordierite Fe-Gehlenite Fe-Indialite Fe-Leucite Fe-Microcline Fe-Sanidine Fe-Skutterudite Ferberite Ferriannite Ferroselite Ferrotremolite Fluor-edenite Fluor-humite Fluor-norbergite Fluor-phlogopite Fluor-richterite Fluor-tremolite Fluorapatite Fluorite Forsterite Frohbergite Gahnite Galaxite Galena Gallium oxide Gehlenite Geikielite Gerhardite Gersdorfite Gibbsite Glauchroite Glaucodot Glaucophane I Glaucophane II Goethite Gold
CaMg(SiO3)2 CuSiO2(OH)2 Cu2O(SO4) CaMg(CO3)2 NaMg3Al6B3Si6O27(OH)4 NaLiAl7.67B3Si6O27(OH)4 Cu3AsS4 MgSiO3 Ca2Al2(Al,Fe)OH(SiO4)3 MgSO4·7H2O Cr2O3 AgCuSe AlBeSiO4(OH) Cu3SbS4 Fe2SiO4 Fe2Al3(AlSi5O18) Ca2Fe2SiO7 Fe2Al3(AlSi5O18) KFeSi2O6 KFeSi3O8 KFeSi3O8 FeAs2.95 FeWO4 KFe3[FeSi3O10](OH)2 FeSe2 Ca2Fe5[Si8O22](OH)2 NaCa2Mg5[AlSi7O22]F2 3Mg2SiO4·MgF2 Mg2SiO4·MgF2 KMg3[AlSi3O10]F2 Na2CaMg5[Si8O22]F2 Ca2Mg5[Si8O22]F2 Ca5(PO4)3F CaF2 Mg2SiO4 FeTe2 ZnAl2O4 MnAl2O4 PbS Ga2O3 Ca2Al2SiO7 MgTiO3 Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 NiAsS Al(OH)3 CaMnSiO4 (Co,Fe)AsS Na2Mg3Al2[Si8O22](OH)2 Na2Mg3Al2[Si8O22](OH)2 FeO(OH) Au
monocl rhomb monocl rhomb rhomb rhomb orth orth monocl orth rhomb orth monocl tetr orth orth tetr hex tetr tricl monocl cubic monocl monocl orth monocl monocl orth orth monocl monocl monocl hex cubic orth orth cubic cubic cubic rhomb tetr rhomb orth cubic monocl orth orth monocl monocl orth cubic
Goldmanite Goslarite
Ca3V2Si3O12 ZnSO4·7H2O
cubic orth
Structure type spinel diamond
deformed fluorite diopside phenacite calcite tourmaline tourmaline
corundum
olivine cordierite melilite beryl
wolframite marcasite tremolite tremolite
1M mica tremolite tremolite apatite fluorite olivine marcasite spinel spinel rock salt corundum melilite ilmenite
olivine tremolite tremolite face-centered cubic garnet epsomite
Z 4 8 8 4 4 4
a/Å 9.62 9.966 3.5670 4.401 5.150 5.5695
4 18 4 3 3 3 2 16 2 4 6 10 4 2 4 4 2 2 16 4 4 8 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 8 8 4 6 2 6 4 4 8 4 24 2 2 4 4
9.743 14.61 8.334 4.8079 15.942 15.842 6.426 8.829 8.89 11.86 4.9607 4.105 4.763 5.384 4.817 9.726 7.54 9.860 13.205 8.68 8.689 8.1814 4.732 5.430 4.801 9.97 9.847 10.243 8.727 5.299 9.823 9.781 9.3684 5.4638 4.758 5.265 8.0848 8.258 5.9360 4.9793 7.690 5.054 6.075 5.693 9.719 4.944 6.64 9.748 9.663 4.596 4.0786
8 4
12.070 11.779
b/Å 7.60
c/Å 4.84
9.421 8.940
2.845 14.736
8.923
5.251 7.80 7.628 16.010 7.224 7.009 6.144 5.192 10.19 6.858 13.599 6.31 4.618 10.770 6.105 9.287 4.855 9.285 13.970 7.340 7.319
6.312
7.422 18.22 5.63 11.99 20.35 14.29 10.477 17.065
13.10 13.12 5.708 9.404 5.778 18.34 18.00 20.72 10.271 9.188 17.96 18.01
4.965 10.341 3.587 5.30 5.282 4.735 4.709 10.135 5.268 5.267 6.8841
10.214 6.265
5.984 3.869
13.812
13.429 5.0675 13.898 5.592
5.0705 11.19 28.39 17.915 17.696 9.957
8.6412 6.529 5.64 5.273 5.277 3.021
12.050
6.822
α
β 90.15°
γ
103.58° 105.93° 108.4°
115.40°
100.25°
90.75°
116.05° 116.10° 90.00° 100.07° 104.50° 104.83°
99.92° 104.33° 104.52°
94.57°
102.78° 103.67°
86.23°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-159
Name Graphite Greenockite Greigite Grossularite Grunerite Gudmundite Gypsum Hafnia Halite Hambergite Hardystonite Hauerite Hausmannite Hawleyite Heazelwoodite Hedenbergite Hematite Hemimorphite Hercynite Herzenbergite
Formula C CdS Fe3S4 Ca3Al2Si3O12 Fe7[Si8O22](OH)2 FeSbS CaSO4·2H2O HfO2 NaCl Be2(OH,F)BO3 Ca2ZnSi2O7 MnS2 Mn3O4 CdS Ni3S2 CaFe(SiO3)2 Fe2O3 Zn4(OH)2Si2O7·H2O Fe(AlO2)2 SnS
Crystal system hex hex cubic cubic monocl monocl monocl monocl cubic orth tetr cubic tetr cubic rhomb monocl rhomb orth cubic orth
Hessite Hexahydrite High albite (Analbite) High argentite High bornite High carnegeite High chalcocite High clinoenstatite High digenite High germania High leucite High naumanite High sanidine Huebnerite Huntite Hydroxylapatite Ice Ilmenite Indialite (Cordierite) Iodargyrite Iron (α)
Ag2Te MgSO4·6H2O NaAlSi3O8 Ag2S Cu5FeS4 NaAlSiO4 Cu2S MgSiO3 Cu2S GeO2 KAlSi2O6 Ag2Se KAlSi3O8 MnWO4 Mg3Ca(CO3)4 Ca5(PO4)3OH H2O FeTiO3 Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18) AgI Fe
monocl monocl tricl cubic cubic cubic hex tricl cubic hex cubic cubic monocl monocl rhomb hex hex rhomb hex hex cubic
Jacobsite Jadeite Jalpaite Johannsenite Kaliophilite Kalsilite Kaolinite Karelianite Keatite Kernite Kerschsteinite Klockmannite
MnFe2O4 NaAl(SiO3)2 Ag1.55Cu0.45S CaMn(SiO3)2 KAlSiO4 KAlSiO4 Al2Si2O5(OH)4 V2O3 SiO2 Na2B4O7·4H2O CaFeSiO4 CuSe
cubic monocl tetr monocl hex hex tricl rhomb tetr monocl orth hex
Knebelite Kyanite Larnite Laurite
MnFeSiO4 Al2OSiO4 Ca2SiO4 RuS2
orth tricl monocl cubic
Structure type graphite zincite spinel garnet tremolite
baddeleyite rock salt melilite pyrite sphalerite diopside corundum spinel germanium sulfide
α−quartz
wolframite calcite apatite ilmenite beryl zincite bodycentered cubic spinel diopside diopside
corundum
olivine deformed covellite olivine
pyrite
Z 4 2 8 8 2 8 4 4 4 8 2 4 8 4 3 4 6 2 8 4
a/Å 2.4612 4.1354 9.876 11.851 9.572 10.00 5.68 5.1156 5.6402 9.755 7.87 6.1014 8.136 5.833 5.746 9.854 5.025 8.370 8.150 4.328
4 8 4 4 1 4 2 8 4 3 16 2 4 2 3 2 4 6 2 2 2
8.13 10.110 8.160 6.269 5.50 7.325 3.961 10.000 5.725 4.987 13.43 4.993 8.615 4.834 9.498 9.418 4.5212 5.093 9.7698 4.5955 2.8664
8 4 16 4 54 2 2 6 12 4 4 78
8.499 9.409 8.673 9.83 26.930 5.1597 5.155 4.952 7.456 7.022 4.886 14.206
4 4 4 4
4.854 7.123 5.48 5.60
b/Å
c/Å 6.7079 6.7120
18.44 5.93 15.18 5.1722
5.342 6.73 6.29 5.2948
12.201
4.426 5.01
α
β
γ
101.77° 90.00° 113.83° 99.18°
9.422
10.719
7.134 5.263 13.735 5.120
11.190
3.978
4.48 7.212 12.870
8.09 24.41 7.106
8.934
6.722 5.170
9.024
104.23°
93.54°
111.9° 98.30° 116.36°
90.19°
88.27°
70.03°
91.01°
5.652
13.031 5.758
7.177 4.999 7.816 6.883 7.3666 14.055 9.3517 7.5005
115.98° 91.18°
8.564
5.220 11.756 5.27 8.522 8.7032 7.407 14.002 8.604 15.676 6.434 17.25
107.50°
91.68°
6.162 5.564 9.28
89.92°
9.04
8.959
9.151 11.146 10.602 7.848 6.76
105.00°
104.87°
89.93°
108.83°
101.25° 94.55°
105.97°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-160 Name Lawrencite Lawsonite Lead
Formula FeCl2 CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2·H2O Pb
Crystal system rhomb orth cubic
Leonhardtite Lepidocrocite Lepidolite Leucite Lime Lime olivine Linnaeite Litharge Loellingite Low albite Low bornite Low cordierite Low germania Low nepheline Luzonite Mackinawite Magnesioriebeckite Magnesite Magnetite Malachite Maldonite Manganese sulfide (γ) Manganese sulfide (β) Manganosite Marcasite Margarite Marialite Marshite Mascagnite Massicot Matlockite Maucherite Meionite Melanophlogite Melanterite Melonite
MgSO4·4H2O FeO(OH) K2Al3Li2AlSi7O20(OH)4 KAlSi2O6 CaO Ca2SiO4 Co3S4 PbO FeAs2 NaAlSi3O8 Cu5FeS4 Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18) GeO2 NaAlSiO4 Cu3AsS4 FeS Na2Mg3Fe2[Si8O22](OH)2 MgCO3 Fe3O4 Cu2(OH)2CO3 Au2Bi MnS
monocl orth monocl tetr cubic orth cubic tetr orth tricl tetr orth tetr hex tetr tetr monocl rhomb cubic monocl cubic hex
MnS
Metacinnabar Miargyrite Microcline Miersite Millerite Minium Minnesotaite Mirabilite Mn-Indialite Molybdenite Molybdenum Molybdite Monteponite Monticellite Montroydite Mullite (2:1) Mullite (3:2) Muscovite
Structure type
Z 3 4 4
a/Å 3.593 8.787 4.9505
zincite
4 4 2 16 4 4 8 2 2 4 16 4 2 8 2 2 2 6 8 4 8 2
5.922 3.868 9.2 13.074 4.8108 5.091 9.401 3.9759 5.300 8.139 10.94 9.721 4.3963 9.986 5.289 3.675 9.733 4.6330 8.3940 9.502 7.958 3.976
cubic
sphalerite
4
5.611
MnO FeS2 CaAl2[AlSi2O10](OH)2 Na4Al3Si9O24Cl CuI (NH4)2SO4 PbO PbClF Ni11As8 Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 SiO2 FeSO4·7H2O NiTe2
cubic orth monocl tetr cubic orth orth tetr tetr tetr cubic monocl hex
rock salt marcasite 2M mica
4 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 46 4 1
4.4448 4.443 5.13 12.064 6.0507 7.782 5.489 4.106 6.870 12.174 13.402 14.072 3.869
HgS AgSbS2 KAlSi3O8 AgI NiS Pb3O4 Fe3Si4O10(OH)2 Na2SO4·10H2O Mn2Al3(AlSi5O18) MoS2 Mo MoO3 CdO CaMgSiO4 HgO 2Al2O3·SiO2 3Al2O3·2SiO2 KAl2AlSi3O10(OH)2
cubic monocl tricl cubic rhomb tetr monocl monocl hex hex cubic orth cubic orth orth orth orth monocl
4 8 4 4 9 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 6 3 4
5.8517 12.862 8.582 6.4963 9.616 8.815 5.4 11.51 9.925 3.1604 3.1653 3.962 4.6953 4.827 6.608 7.5788 7.557 5.203
face-centered cubic
2M2 mica rock salt olivine spinel marcasite
rutile
tremolite calcite spinel
sphalerite arcanite
clathrate type cadmium iodide sphalerite
sphalerite
beryl molybdenite
rock salt olivine
2M2 mica
b/Å 5.836
c/Å 17.58 13.123
13.604 12.525 5.3
7.905 3.066 20.0 13.738
11.371
6.782
5.981 12.788 17.062
17.946
11.974
5.023 2.882 7.160 21.88 9.339 2.8626 8.330 10.440 5.030 5.299 15.016
α
β
γ
90.85° 98.00°
94.27°
116.57°
87.68°
103.30°
3.240
98.75°
6.432
5.423 8.92
3.3876 19.50 7.514
5.993 4.755
10.636 5.891 7.23 21.81 7.652
6.503
11.041 5.308
4.111 12.964
13.220 7.222
9.42 10.38
3.152 6.565 19.4 12.83 9.297 12.295
13.858
3.697
11.084 5.518 7.6909 7.6876 8.995
6.376 3.519 2.8883 2.8842 20.030
95.00°
105.57°
90.62°
98.63° 115.92°
100.00° 107.75°
94.47°
87.68°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-161
Name Nacrite Nantokite Natroalunite Natrolite Neighborite Ni-Skutterudite Niccolite Nickel
Formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4 CuCl NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O NaMgF3 NiAs2.95 NiAs Ni
Crystal system monocl cubic rhomb orth orth cubic hex cubic
Nickel carbonate Nickel olivine Nickel selenide Niter Norsethite Oldhamite Orpiment Orthoclase Orthoferrosilite Otavite Paracelsian Paragonite Pararammelsbergite Paratellurite Parawollastonite Pectolite Pentlandite Pentlandite Periclase Perovskite Petalite Petzite Phenacite Phlogopite Picrochromite Piemontite Platinum
NiCO3 Ni2SiO4 NiSe2 KNO3 BaMg(CO3)2 CaS As2S3 KAlSi3O8 FeSiO3 CdCO3 BaAl2Si2O8 NaAl2AlSi3O10(OH)2 NiAs2 TeO2 CaSiO3 Ca2NaH(SiO3)3 Fe5.25Ni3.75S8 Fe4.75Ni5.25S8 MgO CaTiO3 LiAlSi4O10 Ag3AuTe2 Be2SiO4 KMg3AlSi3O10(OH)2 MgCr2O4 Ca2Al1.5Mn1.5(SiO4)3OH Pt
rhomb orth cubic orth rhomb cubic monocl monocl orth rhomb monocl monocl orth tetr monocl tricl cubic cubic cubic orth monocl cubic rhomb monocl cubic monocl cubic
Polymidite Portlandite
Ni3S4 Ca(OH)2
cubic hex
Powellite Protoenstatite Proustite Pseudowollastonite Pyrargyrite Pyrite Pyrolusite Pyrope Pyrophanite Pyrophyllite Pyroxmangite Pyrrhotite
CaMoO4 MgSiO3 Ag3AsS3 CaSiO3 Ag3SbS3 FeS2 MnO2 Mg3Al2Si3O12 MnTiO3 Al2Si4O10(OH)2 MnFe(SiO3)2 Fe0.980S
tetr orth rhomb tricl rhomb cubic tetr cubic rhomb monocl tricl hex
Pyrrhotite
Fe0.885S
hex
Quartz (α) Quartz (β) Rammelsbergite Realgar Retgersite Rhodochrosite
SiO2 SiO2 NiAs2 As4S4 NiSO4·4H2O MnCO3
hex hex orth monocl tetr rhomb
Structure type sphalerite
perovskite niccolite face-centered cubic calcite olivine pyrite aragonite calcite rock salt
enstatite calcite 2M1 mica
rock salt perovskite
phenacite 1M mica spinel face-centered cubic spinel cadmium iodide scheelite
pyrite rutile garnet ilmenite 2M1 mica defect niccolite defect niccolite
marcasite
calcite
Z 4 4 3 8 4 8 2 4
a/Å 8.909 5.416 6.974 18.30 5.363 8.3300 3.618 3.5238
b/Å 5.146
c/Å 15.697
18.63 7.676
16.69 6.60 5.503
6 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 16 6 4 4 8 4 12 2 4 4 4 4 2 8 18 2 8 2 4
4.5975 4.727 5.9604 6.431 5.020 5.689 11.49 8.562 9.080 4.9204 8.58 5.13 5.75 4.810 15.417 7.99 10.196 10.095 4.2117 5.3670 11.32 10.38 12.472 5.326 8.333 8.95 3.9231
8 1
9.480 3.5933
4 8 6 24 6 4 2 8 6 4 7 2
5.226 9.25 10.816 6.90 11.052 5.4175 4.388 11.459 5.155 5.14 7.56 3.446
2
3.440
5.709
3 3 2 16 4 6
4.9136 4.999 4.757 9.29 6.782 4.7771
5.4051 5.4592 3.542 6.57 18.28 15.664
α
β 113.70°
γ
5.034
10.121
14.723 5.915
9.164
5.414 16.75
9.59 12.996 18.431
4.25 7.193 5.238 16.298 9.08 19.32 11.428 7.613 7.066 7.02
9.583 8.89 5.82 7.321 7.04
7.6438 5.14
90.45° 116.02°
90.00° 95.17°
90.05°
5.4439 7.62
95.40° 95.27°
102.47°
105.90°
9.210
8.252 10.311
100.17°
5.70
9.41
115.70°
4.9086 8.74 11.78
11.43 5.32 8.6948 19.65 8.7177
90.00°
90.80°
90.00°
84.00°
99.92° 94.30°
113.70°
2.865
8.90 17.45
5.797 13.53
14.18 18.55 6.67 5.848
106.55°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-162 Name Rhodonite Riebeckite Rutile Safflorite Sanmartinite Sapphirine Scacchite Scheelite Schorl Selenium Selenolite Sellaite Senarmontite
Formula MnSiO3 Na2Fe5FSi8O22(OH)2 TiO2 Co0.5Fe0.5As2 ZnWO4 Mg2Al4O6SiO4 MnCl2 CaWO4 NaFe3Al6B3Si6O27(OH)4 Se SeO2 MgF2 Sb2O3
Crystal system tricl monocl tetr orth monocl monocl rhomb tetr rhomb hex tetr tetr cubic
Shandite Shortite Siderite Silicon Sillimanite Silver
Ni3Pb2S2 Na2Ca2(CO3)3 FeCO3 Si Al2OSiO4 Ag
rhomb orth rhomb cubic orth cubic
Silver telluride I Silver telluride II Smithsonite Soda niter Sodium melilite Sperrylite Spessartite Sphalerite Sphene Spinel Spodumene Spodumene (β) Staurolite Sternbergite Stibnite Stilleite Stishovite Stolzite Stromeyerite Strontianite Sulfur (monoclinic)
Ag2Te Ag2Te ZnCO3 NaNO3 NaCaAlSi2O7 PtAs2 Mn3Al2Si3O12 ZnS CaTiSiO5 MgAl2O4 LiAl(SiO3)2 LiAl(SiO3)2 Fe2Al9Si4O22(OH)2 AgFe2S3 Sb2S3 ZnSe SiO2 PbWO4 Ag0.93Cu1.07S SrCO3 S
cubic cubic rhomb rhomb tetr cubic cubic cubic monocl cubic monocl tetr monocl orth orth cubic tetr tetr orth orth monocl
Sulfur (orthorhombic) Sulfur (rhombohedral) Sylvite Syngenite Synthetic anorthite Synthetic anorthite Talc Tantalum Teallite
S
orth
S
rhomb
KCl K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O CaAl2Si2O8 CaAl2Si2O8 Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Ta PbSnS2
cubic monocl hex orth monocl cubic orth
Tellurite Tellurium Tellurobismuthite Tennantite Tenorite Tephroite
TeO2 Te Bi2Te3 Cu12As4S13 CuO Mn2SiO4
orth hex rhomb cubic monocl orth
Structure type tremolite marcasite wolframite
scheelite tourmaline
rutile arsenic trioxide
calcite diamond face-centered cubic
calcite calcite melilite pyrite garnet sphalerite spinel diopside
stibnite sphalerite rutile scheelite aragonite S8 ring molecules S8 ring molecules S6 ring molecules rock salt
2M1 mica tungsten germanium sulfide tellurite selenium tetrahedrite olivine
Z 10 2 2 2 2 8 3 4 3 3 8 2 16
a/Å 7.682 9.729 4.5937 5.231 4.691 9.96 3.711 5.242 16.032 4.3642 8.35 4.621 11.152
3 2 6 8 4 4
5.576 4.961 4.6887 5.4305 7.4843 4.0862
2 4 6 6 2 4 8 4 4 8 4 4 2 8 4 4 2 4 4 4 48
5.29 6.585 4.6528 5.0696 8.511 5.968 11.621 5.4093 7.07 8.080 9.451 7.5332 7.90 11.60 11.229 5.6685 4.1790 5.4616 4.066 6.029 11.04
128
10.4646
18
10.818
4 2 2 2 4 2 2
6.2931 9.775 5.10 8.22 5.287 3.3058 4.266
8 3 3 2 4 4
5.607 4.4570 4.3835 10.190 4.684 4.871
b/Å 11.818 18.065 5.953 5.720 28.60
11.03
7.6730
c/Å 6.707 5.334 2.9618 2.962 4.925 9.85 17.59 11.372 7.149 4.9588 5.05 3.050
α 92.36°
β 93.95° 103.31°
89.36° 110.5°
13.658 7.12 15.373 5.7711
15.025 16.829 4.809
8.72
6.56
113.95°
8.387
110.07°
16.65 12.675 11.310
5.208 9.1540 5.63 6.63 3.8389
6.628 8.414 10.98
2.6649 12.046 7.972 5.107 10.92
12.8660
24.4860
90.00°
96.73°
4.280 7.156 8.60 9.158
6.251 14.72 4.83 18.95
11.419
4.090
12.034
5.463 5.9290 30.487
3.425 10.636
5.129 6.232
104.00°
99.50°
99.47°
γ 105.66°
Crystallographic Data on Minerals
4-163
Name Tetrahedrite Thenardite Thorianite Thorite Tiemannite Tin Titanium Titanium(III) oxide Topaz Tremolite Trevorite Tridymite (β) Trogtalite Troilite Tschermakite Tungsten Tungstenite Turquois Umangite Uraninite Ureyite Uvarovite Uvite Vaesite Valentinite
Formula Cu12Sb4S13 Na2SO4 ThO2 ThSiO4 HgSe Sn Ti Ti2O3 Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2 NiFe2O4 SiO2 CoSe2 FeS CaAl2SiO6 W WS2 CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O Cu3Se2 UO2 NaCr(SiO3)2 Ca3Cr2Si3O12 CaMg4Al5B3Si6O27(OH)4 NiS2 Sb2O3
Crystal system cubic orth cubic tetr cubic tetr hex rhomb orth monocl cubic hex cubic hex monocl cubic hex tricl tetr cubic monocl cubic rhomb cubic orth
Vanthoffite Vaterite Villiaumite Violarite Willemite Witherite Wolframite Wollastonite Wulfenite Wurtzite Wustite
MgSO4·3Na2SO4 CaCO3 NaF FeNi2S4 Zn2SiO4 BaCO3 Fe0.5Mn0.5WO4 CaSiO3 PbMoO4 ZnS Fe0.953O
monocl hex cubic cubic rhomb orth monocl tricl tetr hex cubic
Xenotime Zinc
YPO4 Zn
tetr hex
Zinc telluride Zincite Zinkosite Zircon Zoisite
ZnTe ZnO ZnSO4 ZrSiO4 Ca2Al3(SiO4)3OH
cubic hex orth tetr orth
Structure type tetrahedrite thenardite fluorite zircon sphalerite
corundum tremolite spinel pyrite niccolite diopside molybdenite
fluorite diopside garnet tourmaline pyrite antimony trioxide
rock salt spinel phenacite aragonite wolframite scheelite zincite defect rock salt zircon hexagonal close pack sphalerite zincite barite zircon
Z 2 8 4 4 4 4 2 6 4 2 8 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 2 4 4 8 3 4 4
a/Å 10.327 5.863 5.5952 7.143 6.0853 5.8315 2.953 5.149 8.394 9.840 8.339 5.0463 5.8588 3.446 9.615 3.1653 3.154 7.424 6.402 5.4682 9.550 11.999 15.86 5.6873 4.914
2 6 4 8 18 4 2 6 4 2 4
9.797 7.135 4.6342 9.464 13.94 6.430 4.782 7.94 5.435 3.8230 4.3088
4 2
6.885 2.665
4 2 4 4 4
6.1020 3.2495 8.588 6.604 16.15
b/Å
c/Å
12.304
9.821
α
β
γ
6.327
8.792 18.052
3.1813 4.729 13.642 4.649 5.275
104.70°
8.2563
8.661
5.877 5.272
7.629
12.362 9.910 4.276
8.712
5.273
106.12°
68.61°
69.71°
65.08°
107.44°
7.19 12.468
5.421
9.217
8.199 8.524
8.904 5.731 7.32
9.309 5.314 4.982 7.07 12.110 6.2565 5.982 4.947
6.740 5.581
5.2069 4.770 5.979 10.06
113.50°
90.03°
90.57° 95.37°
103.43°
VAPOR PRESSURE OF THE METALLIC ELEMENTS — DATA The following values of the vapor pressure of metallic elements are calculated from the equations in the preceding table. All values
Metal Aluminum Americium Barium Beryllium Cadmium Calcium Cerium Cesium Chromium Cobalt Copper Curium Dysprosium Erbium Europium Gadolinium Gallium Gold Hafnium Holmium Indium Iridium Iron Lanthanum Lead Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neptunium Nickel Niobium Osmium Palladium Platinum Plutonium Potassium Praseodymium Protactinium Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Samarium Scandium Silver Sodium Strontium Tantalum Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium
mp/K 933 1449 1000 1560 594 1115 1071 302 2180 1768 1358 1618 1685 1802 1095 1586 303 1337 2506 1747 430 2719 1811 1191 601 454 1936 923 1519 234 2895 1294 917 1728 2750 3306 1828 2041 913 337 1204 1845 3459 2236 312 2606 1347 1814 1235 371 1050 3280 1629 577 2023 1818 505 1943 3687 1408 2183 1092 1795 693 2127
400 K
600 K 7.97×10-6
0.000280
18.2 2.36×10-5
are given in pascals. For conversion, note that 1 Pa = 7.50 μmHg = 9.87∙10-6 atm.
800 K
1000 K
Vapor Pressure in Pa 1200 K 1400 K 1600 K
3.06×10-10 3.88×10-7 0.0450 3.04×10-10
5.08×10-6 0.00167 7.11 4.96×10-6
0.00256 0.423 162 0.00314
0.218 21.35
6.10
81.4
0.312
9.12
113
0.146
25.5 2.47×10-11
8.91×10-8
2.97×10-5
0.00233
2.45×10-8 2.09×10-10 1.53×10-6 1.90×10-9 8.21×10-5 4.30×10-6 19.4 5.70×10-10 0.000565 3.72×10-8
7.59×10-5 1.00×10-6 0.00122 4.24×10-6 0.0241 0.00205
0.0239 0.000419 0.135 0.00103 1.362 0.163
1.54×10-6 0.114 5.44×10-5
2.32×10-5 0.0127
0.00837 1.413
0.000429 4.98 0.00920 1.35×10-11 0.546 40.9
5.54×10-9
2.51×10-5 5.09×10-8 68.1
0.0104 2.02×10-5
1.59×10-7
6.79×10-5
1800 K
2000 K
2200 K
2400 K
0.0691
1.04
9.56
60.8
1.80 0.0379 3.94 0.0629 27.5 4.23
52.1 1.15 54.4 1.17
774 16.0
0.0279 84.4 0.374 9.81×10-9 12.3
0.394
6.60×10-11
1.74×10-5
1.54×10-8 3.90×10-10 0.109 1.94×10-7
8.31×10-11
3.20×10-9 1.08×10-5
7.90×10-11
5.54×10-7 0.000489
0.00618 1.08
6.53×10-9
0.0152
21.5 5.55×10-7
0.00221
0.524
24.9
4.55×10-11
7.62×10-7
0.000483 3.31×10-9 1.09×10-6
0.0412 1.63×10-6 0.000471
1.64 109 3.28×10-11
12.1
82.1
0.618
7.39
56.2
6.68 1.63×10-6
67.0 9.69×10-5
0.00272
0.0437
1.48×10-9 0.961 0.00181
3.72×10-7 32.7 0.0596
3.06×10-5 36.8 0.976
0.00112
0.0225
9.61
64.7
0.00628
0.211
3.18
26.7
1.83×10-9 1.07 0.000168 0.0438 2.32×10-11
4.07×10-7 13.4 0.00604 1.37 9.54×10-9 1.85×10-10 3.07 0.00143 0.262
3.03×10-5 101 0.105 19.5 1.17×10-6 3.46×10-8 30.4 0.0689 2.20
0.00102
0.0189
1.06
7.28
5.98×10-5 2.49×10-6
0.00158 8.75×10-5
0.153 12.6
1.59 53.8
5.99×10-6
1.44 8.06×10-8 1.37×10-10 0.000571
13.2 5.57×10-6 2.22×10-8 0.0217
80.8 0.000174 1.41×10-6 0.422
0.00306 4.45×10-5 4.41
7.96×10-9
1.77×10-6
0.000133
0.00455
0.0858
52.5
140
2.19×10-10
0.0188
8.27×10-9
1.40×10-5 6.17×10-6
0.00277 2.34×10-8 0.000594
0.144 1.14×10-5 0.0182
1.03×10-8 1.95×10-8
2.16×10-5
0.00257
0.0904 3.44×10-10
96.9
1.69×10-8 0.165 8.17×10-8
0.000185 4.99×10-11
1.27×10-7
0.942 6.31×10-8 0.000603
1.134
121 4.18×10-6
0.000988
0.0585
1.15
3.36×10-10 12.5
1.87×10-8 88.0
5.21×10-7
1.59×10-5
0.0931
1.92×10-9 16.9
2.89×10-6
0.000154
0.00401
0.0610
5.94×10-5 1.26×10-9
0.0561 8.62×10-6
5.22 0.00310 9.69×10-9
3.33×10-11 130 0.207 7.44×10-6
2.00×10-8
6.03×10-10
4.85 0.00106
56.3 0.0493
9.47×10-10 2.79×10-10
2.87×10-6 4.35×10-7
4.27×10-6 0.000107
0.000263 0.00769
0.978 2.62×10-10 0.00678 0.233
10.6 3.01×10-8 0.0933 3.68
76.9 1.59×10-6 0.803 32.6
2.96×10-7
0.000117
0.0102
0.316
4.27
35.9
1.05×10-10
6.17×10-8
8.68×10-6
0.000450
0.0110
5.60 0.000429
1.03×10-9
0.00384
1.47×10-6
0.653
0.00221
51.0 0.000129 0.165
0.0300 7.61
1.80 131
43.6
91.3
6.74 6.66×10-11
0.155
4-130
Section4.indb 130
5/2/05 9:25:08 AM
CODATA KEY VALUES FOR THERMODYNAMICS The Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) has conducted a project to establish internationally agreed values for the thermodynamic properties of key chemical substances. This table presents the final results of the project. Use of these recommended, internally consistent values is encouraged in the analysis of thermodynamic measurements, data reduction, and preparation of other thermodynamic tables. The table includes the standard enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K, the entropy at 298.15 K, and the quantity H° (298.15 K)–H° (0). A value of 0 in the ∆fH° column for an element indicates the reference state for that element. The standard state pressure is 100000
Substance Ag Ag Ag+ AgCl Al Al Al+3 AlF3 Al2O3 Ar B B BF3 B2O3 Be Be BeO Br Br– Br2 Br2 C C CO CO2 CO2 CO3–2 Ca Ca Ca+2 CaO Cd Cd Cd+2 CdO CdSO4·8/3H2O Cl Cl– ClO4– Cl2 Cs Cs Cs+ Cu
State cr g aq cr cr g aq cr cr, corundum g cr, rhombic g g cr cr g cr g aq l g cr, graphite g g g aq, undissoc. aq cr g aq cr cr g aq cr cr g aq aq g cr g aq cr
Pa (1 bar). See the reference for information on the dependence of gas-phase entropy on the choice of standard state pressure. Substances are listed in alphabetical order of their chemical formulas when written in the most common form. The table is reprinted with permission of CODATA.
Reference Cox, J. D., Wagman, D. D., and Medvedev, V. A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989.
∆ f H ° (298.15 K) kJ ⋅ mol –1 0 284.9 ± 0.8 105.79 ± 0.08 –127.01 ± 0.05 0 330.0 ± 4.0 –538.4 ± 1.5 –1510.4 ± 1.3 –1675.7 ± 1.3 0 0 565 ± 5 –1136.0 ± 0.8 –1273.5 ± 1.4 0 324 ± 5 –609.4 ± 2.5 111.87 ± 0.12 –121.41 ± 0.15 0 30.91 ± 0.11 0 716.68 ± 0.45 –110.53 ± 0.17 –393.51 ± 0.13 –413.26 ± 0.20 –675.23 ± 0.25 0 177.8 ± 0.8 –543.0 ± 1.0 –634.92 ± 0.90 0 111.80 ± 0.20 –75.92 ± 0.60 –258.35 ± 0.40 –1729.30 ± 0.80 121.301 ± 0.008 –167.080 ± 0.10 –128.10 ± 0.40 0 0 76.5 ± 1.0 –258.00 ± 0.50 0
S° (298.15 K) J ⋅ K –1 ⋅ mol –1 42.55 ± 0.20 172.997 ± 0.004 73.45 ± 0.40 96.25 ± 0.20 28.30 ± 0.10 164.554 ± 0.004 –325 ± 10 66.5 ± 0.5 50.92 ± 0.10 154.846 ± 0.003 5.90 ± 0.08 153.436 ± 0.015 254.42 ± 0.20 53.97 ± 0.30 9.50 ± 0.08 136.275 ± 0.003 13.77 ± 0.04 175.018 ± 0.004 82.55 ± 0.20 152.21 ± 0.30 245.468 ± 0.005 5.74 ± 0.10 158.100 ± 0.003 197.660 ± 0.004 213.785 ± 0.010 119.36 ± 0.60 –50.0 ± 1.0 41.59 ± 0.40 154.887 ± 0.004 –56.2 ± 1.0 38.1 ± 0.4 51.80 ± 0.15 167.749 ± 0.004 –72.8 ± 1.5 54.8 ± 1.5 229.65 ± 0.40 165.190 ± 0.004 56.60 ± 0.20 184.0 ± 1.5 223.081 ± 0.010 85.23 ± 0.40 175.601 ± 0.003 132.1 ± 0.5 33.15 ± 0.08
H ° (298.15 K) − H ° (0) kJ ⋅ mol –1 5.745 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 12.033 ± 0.020 4.540 ± 0.020 6.919 ± 0.001 11.62 ± 0.04 10.016 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 1.222 ± 0.008 6.316 ± 0.002 11.650 ± 0.020 9.301 ± 0.040 1.950 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 2.837 ± 0.008 6.197 ± 0.001 24.52 ± 0.01 9.725 ± 0.001 1.050 ± 0.020 6.536 ± 0.001 8.671 ± 0.001 9.365 ± 0.003
5.736 ± 0.040 6.197 ± 0.001 6.75 ± 0.06 6.247 ± 0.015 6.197 ± 0.001 8.41 ± 0.08 35.56 ± 0.04 6.272 ± 0.001
9.181 ± 0.001 7.711 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 5.004 ± 0.008
5-1
Section5.indb 1
4/29/05 3:46:34 PM
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics
5-2
Substance Cu Cu+2 CuSO4 F F– F2 Ge Ge GeF4 GeO2 H H+ HBr HCO3– HCl HF HI HPO4–2 HS – HSO4– H2 H2O H2O H2PO4– H2S H2S H3BO3 H3BO3 He Hg Hg Hg+2 HgO Hg2+2 Hg2Cl2 Hg2SO4 I I– I2 I2 K K K+ Kr Li Li Li+ Mg Mg Mg+2 MgF2 MgO N NH3 NH4+ NO3– N2 Na Na Na+
Section5.indb 2
State g aq cr g aq g cr g g cr, tetragonal g aq g aq g g g aq aq aq g l g aq g aq, undissoc. cr aq, undissoc. g l g aq cr, red aq cr cr g aq cr g cr g aq g cr g aq cr g aq cr cr g g aq aq g cr g aq
∆ f H ° (298.15 K) kJ ⋅ mol –1 337.4 ± 1.2 64.9 ± 1.0 –771.4 ± 1.2 79.38 ± 0.30 –335.35 ± 0.65 0 0 372 ± 3 –1190.20 ± 0.50 –580.0 ± 1.0 217.998 ± 0.006 0 –36.29 ± 0.16 –689.93 ± 0.20 –92.31 ± 0.10 –273.30 ± 0.70 26.50 ± 0.10 –1299.0 ± 1.5 –16.3 ± 1.5 –886.9 ± 1.0 0 –285.830 ± 0.040 –241.826 ± 0.040 –1302.6 ± 1.5 –20.6 ± 0.5 –38.6 ± 1.5 –1094.8 ± 0.8 –1072.8 ± 0.8 0 0 61.38 ± 0.04 170.21 ± 0.20 –90.79 ± 0.12 166.87 ± 0.50 –265.37 ± 0.40 –743.09 ± 0.40 106.76 ± 0.04 –56.78 ± 0.05 0 62.42 ± 0.08 0 89.0 ± 0.8 –252.14 ± 0.08 0 0 159.3 ± 1.0 –278.47 ± 0.08 0 147.1 ± 0.8 –467.0 ± 0.6 –1124.2 ± 1.2 –601.60 ± 0.30 472.68 ± 0.40 –45.94 ± 0.35 –133.26 ± 0.25 –206.85 ± 0.40 0 0 107.5 ± 0.7 –240.34 ± 0.06
S° (298.15 K) J ⋅ K –1 ⋅ mol –1 166.398 ± 0.004 –98 ± 4 109.2 ± 0.4 158.751 ± 0.004 –13.8 ± 0.8 202.791 ± 0.005 31.09 ± 0.15 167.904 ± 0.005 301.9 ± 1.0 39.71 ± 0.15 114.717 ± 0.002 0 198.700 ± 0.004 98.4 ± 0.5 186.902 ± 0.005 173.779 ± 0.003 206.590 ± 0.004 –33.5 ± 1.5 67 ± 5 131.7 ± 3.0 130.680 ± 0.003 69.95 ± 0.03 188.835 ± 0.010 92.5 ± 1.5 205.81 ± 0.05 126 ± 5 89.95 ± 0.60 162.4 ± 0.6 126.153 ± 0.002 75.90 ± 0.12 174.971 ± 0.005 –36.19 ± 0.80 70.25 ± 0.30 65.74 ± 0.80 191.6 ± 0.8 200.70 ± 0.20 180.787 ± 0.004 106.45 ± 0.30 116.14 ± 0.30 260.687 ± 0.005 64.68 ± 0.20 160.341 ± 0.003 101.20 ± 0.20 164.085 ± 0.003 29.12 ± 0.20 138.782 ± 0.010 12.24 ± 0.15 32.67 ± 0.10 148.648 ± 0.003 –137 ± 4 57.2 ± 0.5 26.95 ± 0.15 153.301 ± 0.003 192.77 ± 0.05 111.17 ± 0.40 146.70 ± 0.40 191.609 ± 0.004 51.30 ± 0.20 153.718 ± 0.003 58.45 ± 0.15
H ° (298.15 K) − H ° (0) kJ ⋅ mol –1 6.197 ± 0.001 16.86 ± 0.08 6.518 ± 0.001 8.825 ± 0.001 4.636 ± 0.020 7.398 ± 0.001 17.29 ± 0.10 7.230 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 8.648 ± 0.001 8.640 ± 0.001 8.599 ± 0.001 8.657 ± 0.001
8.468 ± 0.001 13.273 ± 0.020 9.905 ± 0.005 9.957 ± 0.010 13.52 ± 0.04 6.197 ± 0.001 9.342 ± 0.008 6.197 ± 0.001 9.117 ± 0.025 23.35 ± 0.20 26.070 ± 0.030 6.197 ± 0.001 13.196 ± 0.040 10.116 ± 0.001 7.088 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 6.197 ± 0.001 4.632 ± 0.040 6.197 ± 0.001 4.998 ± 0.030 6.197 ± 0.001 9.91 ± 0.06 5.160 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 10.043 ± 0.010
8.670 ± 0.001 6.460 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001
4/29/05 3:46:36 PM
CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics
Substance Ne O OH– O2 P P P2 P4 Pb Pb Pb+2 PbSO4 Rb Rb Rb+ S S SO2 SO4–2 S2 Si Si SiF4 SiO2 Sn Sn Sn+2 SnO SnO2 Th Th ThO2 Ti Ti TiCl4 TiO2 U U UO2 UO2+2 UO3 U3O8 Xe Zn Zn Zn+2 ZnO
Section5.indb 3
State g g aq g cr, white g g g cr g aq cr cr g aq cr, rhombic g g aq g cr g g cr, alpha quartz cr, white g aq cr, tetragonal cr, tetragonal cr g cr cr g g cr, rutile cr g cr aq cr, gamma cr g cr g aq cr
5-3 ∆ f H ° (298.15 K) kJ ⋅ mol –1 0 249.18 ± 0.10 –230.015 ± 0.040 0 0 316.5 ± 1.0 144.0 ± 2.0 58.9 ± 0.3 0 195.2 ± 0.8 0.92 ± 0.25 –919.97 ± 0.40 0 80.9 ± 0.8 –251.12 ± 0.10 0 277.17 ± 0.15 –296.81 ± 0.20 –909.34 ± 0.40 128.60 ± 0.30 0 450 ± 8 –1615.0 ± 0.8 –910.7 ± 1.0 0 301.2 ± 1.5 –8.9 ± 1.0 –280.71 ± 0.20 –577.63 ± 0.20 0 602 ± 6 –1226.4 ± 3.5 0 473 ± 3 –763.2 ± 3.0 –944.0 ± 0.8 0 533 ± 8 –1085.0 ± 1.0 –1019.0 ± 1.5 –1223.8 ± 1.2 –3574.8 ± 2.5 0 0 130.40 ± 0.40 –153.39 ± 0.20 –350.46 ± 0.27
S° (298.15 K) J ⋅ K –1 ⋅ mol –1 146.328 ± 0.003 161.059 ± 0.003 –10.90 ± 0.20 205.152 ± 0.005 41.09 ± 0.25 163.199 ± 0.003 218.123 ± 0.004 280.01 ± 0.50 64.80 ± 0.30 175.375 ± 0.005 18.5 ± 1.0 148.50 ± 0.60 76.78 ± 0.30 170.094 ± 0.003 121.75 ± 0.25 32.054 ± 0.050 167.829 ± 0.006 248.223 ± 0.050 18.50 ± 0.40 228.167 ± 0.010 18.81 ± 0.08 167.981 ± 0.004 282.76 ± 0.50 41.46 ± 0.20 51.18 ± 0.08 168.492 ± 0.004 –16.7 ± 4.0 57.17 ± 0.30 49.04 ± 0.10 51.8 ± 0.5 190.17 ± 0.05 65.23 ± 0.20 30.72 ± 0.10 180.298 ± 0.010 353.2 ± 4.0 50.62 ± 0.30 50.20 ± 0.20 199.79 ± 0.10 77.03 ± 0.20 –98.2 ± 3.0 96.11 ± 0.40 282.55 ± 0.50 169.685 ± 0.003 41.63 ± 0.15 160.990 ± 0.004 –109.8 ± 0.5 43.65 ± 0.40
H ° (298.15 K) − H ° (0) kJ ⋅ mol –1 6.197 ± 0.001 6.725 ± 0.001 8.680 ± 0.002 5.360 ± 0.015 6.197 ± 0.001 8.904 ± 0.001 14.10 ± 0.20 6.870 ± 0.030 6.197 ± 0.001 20.050 ± 0.040 7.489 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 4.412 ± 0.006 6.657 ± 0.001 10.549 ± 0.010 9.132 ± 0.002 3.217 ± 0.008 7.550 ± 0.001 15.36 ± 0.05 6.916 ± 0.020 6.323 ± 0.008 6.215 ± 0.001 8.736 ± 0.020 8.384 ± 0.020 6.35 ± 0.05 6.197 ± 0.003 10.560 ± 0.020 4.824 ± 0.015 7.539 ± 0.002 21.5 ± 0.5 8.68 ± 0.05 6.364 ± 0.020 6.499 ± 0.020 11.280 ± 0.020 14.585 ± 0.050 42.74 ± 0.10 6.197 ± 0.001 5.657 ± 0.020 6.197 ± 0.001 6.933 ± 0.040
4/29/05 3:46:37 PM
STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES This table gives the standard state chemical thermodynamic properties of about 2500 individual substances in the crystalline, liquid, and gaseous states. Substances are listed by molecular formula in a modified Hill order; all substances not containing carbon appear first, followed by those that contain carbon. The properties tabulated are: ∆fH°
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation at 298.15 K in kJ/mol Standard molar entropy at 298.15 K in J/mol K Molar heat capacity at constant pressure at 298.15 K in J/mol K
∆fG° S° Cp
The standard state pressure is 100 kPa (1 bar). The standard states are defined for different phases by: •
• •
The standard state of a pure gaseous substance is that of the substance as a (hypothetical) ideal gas at the standard state pressure. The standard state of a pure liquid substance is that of the liquid under the standard state pressure. The standard state of a pure crystalline substance is that of the crystalline substance under the standard state pressure.
An entry of 0.0 for ∆fH° for an element indicates the reference state of that element. See References 1 and 2 for further information on reference states. A blank means no value is available. The data are derived from the sources listed in the references, from other papers appearing in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, and from the primary research literature. We are indebted to M. V. Korobov for providing data on fullerene compounds.
References 1. Cox, J. D., Wagman, D. D., and Medvedev, V. A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989. 2. Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Parker, V. B., Schumm, R. H., Halow, I., Bailey, S. M., Churney, K. L., and Nuttall, R. L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2, 1982. 3. Chase, M. W., Davies, C. A., Downey, J. R., Frurip, D. J., McDonald, R. A., and Syverud, A. N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , Vol. 14, Suppl.1, 1985. 4. Chase, M. W., NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , Monograph 9, 1998. 5. Daubert, T. E., Danner, R. P., Sibul, H. M., and Stebbins, C. C., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Compounds: Data Compilation, extant 1994 (core with 4 supplements), Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA. 6. Pedley, J. B., Naylor, R. D., and Kirby, S. P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Second Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, 1986. 7. Pedley, J. B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 1994. 8. Domalski, E. S., and Hearing, E. D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase , Volume III, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data , 25, 1-525, 1996. 9. Zabransky, M., Ruzicka , V., Majer, V., and Domalski, E. S., Heat Capacity of Liquids, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph No. 6, 1996. 10. Gurvich, L. V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989. 11. Gurvich, L. V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C. B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994. 12. NIST Chemistry Webbook , <webbook.nist.gov>
Crystal Molecular formula
Name
fH ° kJ/mol
fG ° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-96.9 71.3 -109.8 64.5
56.5 42.6 107.1 151.9 96.3 142.0
27.2 25.4 52.4
-66.2 -93.7 -33.4
115.5 149.4 140.9
56.8 102.9 93.1
-641.8 -11.2 27.6 121.4 -618.4 -40.7
217.6 121.3 117.0 100.0 200.4 144.0 28.3
142.3 65.9 88.0
fH ° kJ/mol
fG ° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Gas Cp J/mol K
fH ° kJ/mol
fG ° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
Substances not containing carbon: Ac Ag AgBr AgBrO3 AgCl AgClO3 AgClO4 AgF AgF2 AgI AgIO3 AgNO3 Ag2 Ag2CrO4 Ag2O Ag2O2 Ag2O3 Ag2O4S Ag2S Al
5-4
Actinium Silver Silver(I) bromide Silver(I) bromate Silver(I) chloride Silver(I) chlorate Silver(I) perchlorate Silver(I) fluoride Silver(II) fluoride Silver(I) iodide Silver(I) iodate Silver(I) nitrate Disilver Silver(I) chromate Silver(I) oxide Silver(II) oxide Silver(III) oxide Silver(I) sulfate Silver(I) sulfide (argentite) Aluminum
0.0 0.0 -100.4 -10.5 -127.0 -30.3 -31.1 -204.6 -360.0 -61.8 -171.1 -124.4 -731.7 -31.1 -24.3 33.9 -715.9 -32.6 0.0
406.0 284.9
366.0 246.0
188.1 173.0
20.8 20.8
410.0
358.8
257.1
37.0
330.0
289.4
164.6
21.4
50.8
131.4 76.5 24.2
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
AlB3H12 AlBr AlBr3 AlCl AlCl2 AlCl3 AlF AlF3 AlF4Na AlH AlH3 AlH4K AlH4Li AlH4Na AlI AlI3 AlN AlO AlO4P AlP AlS Al2 Al2Br6 Al2Cl6 Al2F6 Al2I6 Al2O Al2O3 Al2S3 Am Ar As As AsBr3 AsCl3 AsF3 AsGa AsH3 AsH3O4 AsI3 AsIn AsO As2 As2O5 As2S3 At Au AuBr AuBr3 AuCl AuCl3 AuF3 AuH AuI Au2 B BBr BBr3 BCl BClO BCl3 BCsO2 BF BFO BF3 BF3H3N
Aluminum borohydride Aluminum monobromide Aluminum bromide Aluminum monochloride Aluminum dichloride Aluminum chloride Aluminum monofluoride Aluminum fluoride Sodium tetrafluoroaluminate Aluminum monohydride Aluminum hydride Potassium aluminum hydride Lithium aluminum hydride Sodium aluminum hydride Aluminum monoiodide Aluminum iodide Aluminum nitride Aluminum monoxide Aluminum phosphate Aluminum phosphide Aluminum monosulfide Dialuminum Aluminum hexabromide Aluminum hexachloride Aluminum hexafluoride Aluminum hexaiodide Aluminum oxide (Al 2O) Aluminum oxide (corundum) Aluminum sulfide Americium Argon Arsenic (gray) Arsenic (yellow) Arsenic(III) bromide Arsenic(III) chloride Arsenic(III) fluoride Gallium arsenide Arsine Arsenic acid Arsenic(III) iodide Indium arsenide Arsenic monoxide Diarsenic Arsenic(V) oxide Arsenic(III) sulfide Astatine Gold Gold(I) bromide Gold(III) bromide Gold(I) chloride Gold(III) chloride Gold(III) fluoride Gold hydride Gold(I) iodide Digold Boron (β-rhombohedral) Bromoborane(1) Boron tribromide Chloroborane(1) Chloroxyborane Boron trichloride Cesium metaborate Fluoroborane(1) Fluorooxyborane Boron trifluoride Aminetrifluoroboron
fH ° kJ/mol
fG ° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH ° kJ/mol -16.3
-527.2
180.2
-628.8
109.3
91.1
-1510.4
-1431.1
66.5
75.1
30.0
40.2
-44.7
78.7
83.2
-313.8 -318.0
-300.8 -287.0
159.0 20.2
98.7 30.1
-1733.8 -166.5
-1617.9
90.8
93.2
-1675.7 -724.0 0.0
-1582.3
0.0 14.6 -197.5
-906.3 -58.2 -58.6
-924.9 -169.0 0.0 0.0 -14.0 -53.3 -34.7 -117.6 -363.6
-67.8
50.9 116.9
79.0 105.1
35.1
24.6
-59.4 -53.6
-782.3 -168.6
64.2
213.1 75.7
145.0
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
289.1
194.6
fH ° kJ/mol 13.0 -4.0 -425.1 -47.7 -331.0 -583.2 -258.2 -1204.6 -1869.0 259.2
fG ° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
147.0 -42.0
379.2 239.5
35.6
-74.1
228.1
35.0
-283.7 -1188.2 -1827.5 231.2
215.0 277.1 345.7 187.9
31.9 62.6 105.9 29.4
65.5 -207.5
-305.0 -821.3 -71.0
fG ° kJ/mol
Gas
100.6
-704.2
-46.0 -183.7 -116.3 -115.5
5-5
-259.4 -774.2
216.3 181.2
126.6
36.0
91.2
65.3
218.4
30.9
200.9 485.9 -970.7 -1290.8 -2628.0 -516.7 -130.0
150.1 433.3
230.6 233.2
33.4 36.4
-1220.4
490.0
-159.0
259.4
45.7
0.0 302.5
261.0
154.8 174.2
20.8 20.8
-130.0 -261.5 -785.8
-159.0 -248.9 -770.8
363.9 327.2 289.1
79.2 75.7 65.6
66.4
68.9
222.8
38.1
388.3
80.6
46.2
105.8 47.8
105.4 163.6
116.5 116.3
47.4
25.4
70.0 222.2
171.9
239.4
35.0
366.1
326.3
180.5
20.8
295.0
265.7
211.2
29.2
521.0 195.4 -232.5 120.9
153.4 225.0 324.2 213.2
36.9 20.8 32.9 67.8 31.7
-388.7
290.1
62.7
-149.8
200.5
29.6
-1119.4
254.4
0.0 0.0
-972.0
5.9
-915.0
104.4
11.1 -239.7
-238.5
229.7
-427.2
-387.4
206.3
106.7
515.1 565.0 238.1 -205.6 149.5 -314.0 -403.8
80.6 -122.2 -607.0 -1136.0
-1353.9
5-6
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula BF3H3P BF4Na BH BHO2 BH3 BH3O3 BH4K BH4Li BH4Na BI3 BKO2 BLiO2 BN BNaO2 BO BO2 BO2Rb BS B2 B2Cl4 B2F4 B2H6 B2O2 B2O3 B2S3 B3H6N3 B4H10 B4Na2O7 B5H9 B5H11 B6H10 B9H15 B10H14 Ba BaBr2 BaCl2 BaCl2H4O2 BaF2 BaH2 BaH2O2 BaI2 BaN2O4 BaN2O6 BaO BaO4S BaS Be BeBr2 BeCl2 BeF2 BeH2O2 BeI2 BeO BeO4S BeS Bi BiClO BiCl3 BiH3O3 BiI3 Bi2 Bi2O3 Bi2O12S3 Bi2S3 Bk
Name Trihydro(phosphorus trifluoride)boron Sodium tetrafluoroborate Borane(1) Metaboric acid (β, monoclinic) Borane(3) Boric acid Potassium borohydride Lithium borohydride Sodium borohydride Boron triiodide Potassium metaborate Lithium metaborate Boron nitride Sodium metaborate Boron monoxide Boron dioxide Rubidium metaborate Boron monosulfide Diboron Tetrachlorodiborane Tetrafluorodiborane Diborane Diboron dioxide Boron oxide Boron sulfide Borazine Tetraborane(10) Sodium tetraborate Pentaborane(9) Pentaborane(11) Hexaborane(10) Nonaborane(15) Decaborane(14) Barium Barium bromide Barium chloride Barium chloride dihydrate Barium fluoride Barium hydride Barium hydroxide Barium iodide Barium nitrite Barium nitrate Barium oxide Barium sulfate Barium sulfide Beryllium Beryllium bromide Beryllium chloride Beryllium fluoride Beryllium hydroxide Beryllium iodide Beryllium oxide Beryllium sulfate Beryllium sulfide Bismuth Bismuth oxychloride Bismuth trichloride Bismuth hydroxide Bismuth triiodide Dibismuth Bismuth oxide Bismuth sulfate Bismuth sulfide Berkelium
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-854.0 -1844.7
-1750.1
145.3
-794.3
-723.4
38.0
-1094.3 -227.4 -190.8 -188.6
-968.9 -160.3 -125.0 -123.9
90.0 106.3 75.9 101.3
86.1 96.1 82.6 86.8
-981.6 -1032.2 -254.4 -977.0
-923.4 -976.1 -228.4 -920.7
80.0 51.5 14.8 73.5
66.7 59.8 19.7 65.9
-971.0
-1273.5 -240.6
-3291.1
-913.0
-1194.3
-3096.0
94.3
54.0 100.0
189.5
120.3
-736.8 -806.7 -1293.2 -1156.8 -138.2
-792.6 -520.3 -1362.2 -456.0
62.5 146.0 123.7 203.0 96.4 63.0
-523.0
-464.8
262.3
-541.0
-392.7
199.6
28.1
29.2 42.2 36.0
71.1
20.7
349.2
70.8
647.5
614.5
212.3
29.5
25.0 -300.4
-4.0 -305.9
203.5 229.6
29.2 43.0
342.0 830.5 -490.4 -1440.1 36.4 -454.8 -843.8 67.0
288.8 774.0 -460.6 -1410.4 87.6 -462.3 -832.0
216.2 201.9 357.4 317.3 232.1 242.5 279.8
30.0 30.5 95.4 79.1 56.7 57.3 66.9
66.1
184.3
280.3
93.2
171.8
184.2
151.1
73.2 103.3 94.6 158.4 47.3 180.0
173.6 230.6 211.3 357.5 232.8 146.0
280.6 321.0 296.8 364.9 350.7 170.2
99.6 130.3 125.7 187.0 186.1 20.8
324.0
286.6
136.3
20.8
207.1
168.2
187.0
20.8
-265.7
-256.0
358.9
79.7
75.1 71.2 46.0
-493.7
151.5
113.5
-140.6
200.4
122.2
-322.1 -315.0
171.8 240.1 188.2
186.8
151.4 47.3 101.8 49.4 16.4 69.4 62.4 51.8 62.1 71.1 25.6 85.7 34.0 25.5
-580.1 -1093.8
137.7
62.8 111.7
214.0 72.1 132.2 78.2 9.5 108.0 75.8 53.4 45.5 121.0 13.8 77.9 34.0 56.7 120.5 177.0
-445.6 -979.4 -815.0
412.7 -551.0 93.3
74.1
42.7 73.2 56.3
0.0 -757.3 -855.0 -1456.9 -1207.1 -177.0 -944.7 -602.1 -768.2 -988.0 -548.0 -1473.2 -460.0 0.0 -353.5 -490.4 -1026.8 -902.5 -192.5 -609.4 -1205.2 -234.3 0.0 -366.9 -379.1 -711.3
442.7 -561.9 89.2 -994.1
105.0
-112.0
-175.3 219.7 -573.9 -2544.3 -143.1 0.0
36.9
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances
5-7
Crystal Molecular formula
Name
Br BrCl BrCl3Si BrCs BrCu BrF BrF3 BrF5 BrGe BrGeH3 BrH BrHSi BrH3Si BrH4N BrI BrIn BrK BrKO3 BrKO4 BrLi BrNO BrNa BrNaO3 BrO BrO2 BrRb BrSi BrTl Br2 Br2Ca Br2Cd Br2Co Br2Cr Br2Cu Br2Fe Br2H2Si Br2Hg Br2Hg2 Br2Mg Br2Mn Br2Ni Br2Pb Br2Pt Br2S2 Br2Se Br2Sn Br2Sr Br2Ti Br2Zn Br3Ce Br3ClSi Br3Dy Br3Fe Br3Ga Br3HSi Br3In Br3OP Br3P Br3Pt Br3Re Br3Ru Br3Sb Br3Sc Br3Ti Br4Ge Br4Pa
Bromine (atomic) Bromine chloride Bromotrichlorosilane Cesium bromide Copper(I) bromide Bromine fluoride Bromine trifluoride Bromine pentafluoride Germanium monobromide Bromogermane Hydrogen bromide Bromosilylene Bromosilane Ammonium bromide Iodine bromide Indium(I) bromide Potassium bromide Potassium bromate Potassium perbromate Lithium bromide Nitrosyl bromide Sodium bromide Sodium bromate Bromine monoxide Bromine dioxide Rubidium bromide Bromosilyldyne Thallium(I) bromide Bromine Calcium bromide Cadmium bromide Cobalt(II) bromide Chromium(II) bromide Copper(II) bromide Iron(II) bromide Dibromosilane Mercury(II) bromide Mercury(I) bromide Magnesium bromide Manganese(II) bromide Nickel(II) bromide Lead(II) bromide Platinum(II) bromide Sulfur bromide Selenium dibromide Tin(II) bromide Strontium bromide Titanium(II) bromide Zinc bromide Cerium(III) bromide Tribromochlorosilane Dysprosium(III) bromide Iron(III) bromide Gallium(III) bromide Tribromosilane Indium(III) bromide Phosphoric tribromide Phosphorus(III) bromide Platinum(III) bromide Rhenium(III) bromide Ruthenium(III) bromide Antimony(III) bromide Scandium bromide Titanium(III) bromide Germanium(IV) bromide Protactinium(IV) bromide
fH° kJ/mol
-405.8 -104.6
fG° kJ/mol
-391.4 -100.8
Liquid
S° J/mol K
113.1 96.1
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
-175.2
113.0
-175.3 -393.8 -360.2 -287.9 -351.2
-169.0 -380.7 -271.2 -174.4 -342.0
113.0 95.9 149.2 170.1 74.3
-361.1 -334.1
-349.0 -242.6
86.8 128.9
-394.6
-381.8
110.0
-173.2
-167.4
120.5
-682.8 -316.2 -220.9 -302.1 -141.8 -249.8
-663.6 -296.3
130.0 137.2
-238.1
140.6
-170.7 -206.9 -524.3 -384.9 -212.1 -278.7 -82.0
-153.1 -181.1 -503.8
172.0 218.0 117.2
-261.9
161.5
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
111.9 14.6
82.4 -1.0
175.0 240.1 350.1
20.8 35.0 90.9
-93.8 -255.6 -428.9 235.6
-109.2 -229.4 -350.6
229.0 292.5 320.2
-36.3 -464.4
-53.4
274.8 198.7
33.0 66.6 99.6 37.1 56.4 29.1
262.4
52.8
52.9 54.7 -300.8 -458.6
-270.8
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
-240.5 -351.8
178.2 225.1
124.6
96.0 40.8 -56.9
3.7 -94.3
258.8 259.5
36.4 36.7
82.2 -143.1
82.4 -177.1
273.7 241.2
45.5 36.3
125.8 152.0
109.6 155.0
233.0 271.1
34.2 45.4
52.3 105.2 120.2
51.4
52.8
0.0
152.2
75.7
209.0 -37.7 30.9
38.6 3.1
245.5
36.0
309.7
65.5
377.1
95.3
76.7 79.5
80.1 -13.0 -21.0
-243.5 -717.6 -402.0 -328.7 -891.4 -836.2 -268.2 -386.6
-697.1
135.1
-312.1
138.5
-359.8
75.3
180.0 -355.6
-336.4
248.1
-317.6 -282.0
-328.5
348.6
80.8
-184.5
-175.7
240.2
-139.3
-162.8
359.8 348.1
89.9 76.0
-194.6
-223.9
372.9
80.2
-300.0
-318.0
396.2
101.8
-428.9 -458.6 -120.9 -167.0 -138.0 -259.4 -743.1 -548.5
-239.3
207.1
-523.8
176.6
-787.8
234.0
101.7 -347.7
-824.0
-331.4
280.7
5-8
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
Br4Pt Br4Si Br4Sn Br4Te Br4Ti Br4V Br4Zr Br5P Br5Ta Br6W Ca CaCl2 CaF2 CaH2 CaH2O2 CaI2 CaN2O6 CaO CaO4S CaS Ca3O8P2 Cd CdCl2 CdF2 CdH2O2 CdI2 CdO CdO4S CdS CdTe Ce CeCl3 CeI3 CeO2 CeS Ce2O3 Cf Cl ClCs ClCsO4 ClCu ClF ClFO3 ClF3 ClF5S ClGe ClGeH3 ClH ClHO ClHO4 ClH3Si ClH4N ClH4NO4 ClH4P ClI ClIn ClK ClKO3 ClKO4 ClLi ClLiO4 ClNO ClNO2 ClNa ClNaO2 ClNaO3
Platinum(IV) bromide Tetrabromosilane Tin(IV) bromide Tellurium tetrabromide Titanium(IV) bromide Vanadium(IV) bromide Zirconium(IV) bromide Phosphorus(V) bromide Tantalum(V) bromide Tungsten(VI) bromide Calcium Calcium chloride Calcium fluoride Calcium hydride Calcium hydroxide Calcium iodide Calcium nitrate Calcium oxide Calcium sulfate Calcium sulfide Calcium phosphate Cadmium Cadmium chloride Cadmium fluoride Cadmium hydroxide Cadmium iodide Cadmium oxide Cadmium sulfate Cadmium sulfide Cadmium telluride Cerium (γ, fcc) Cerium(III) chloride Cerium(III) iodide Cerium(IV) oxide Cerium(II) sulfide Cerium(III) oxide Californium Chlorine (atomic) Cesium chloride Cesium perchlorate Copper(I) chloride Chlorine fluoride Perchloryl fluoride Chlorine trifluoride Sulfur chloride pentafluoride Germanium monochloride Chlorogermane Hydrogen chloride Hypochlorous acid Perchloric acid Chlorosilane Ammonium chloride Ammonium perchlorate Phosphonium chloride Iodine chloride Indium(I) chloride Potassium chloride Potassium chlorate Potassium perchlorate Lithium chloride Lithium perchlorate Nitrosyl chloride Nitryl chloride Sodium chloride Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-156.5 -457.3 -377.4 -190.4 -616.7 -760.7 -269.9 -598.3 -348.5 0.0 -795.4 -1228.0 -181.5 -985.2 -533.5 -938.2 -634.9 -1434.5 -482.4 -4120.8 0.0 -391.5 -700.4 -560.7 -203.3 -258.4 -933.3 -161.9 -92.5 0.0 -1060.5 -669.3 -1088.7 -459.4 -1796.2 0.0 -443.0 -443.1 -137.2
-415.5 -314.6
-431.8 -331.4
377.9 411.9
97.1 103.4
131.5
-549.4 -336.8
-568.2
398.4
100.8
25.9 72.9 67.0 41.0 87.5
177.8
144.0
154.9
20.8
167.7
20.8
-350.2
264.4
-589.5
243.5
-984.8
41.6 108.4 68.5 41.4 83.4 142.0 193.2 38.1 106.5 56.5 236.0 51.8 115.3 77.4 96.0 161.1 54.8 123.0 64.9 100.0 72.0 151.0
-1024.6 -451.5 -1706.2
62.3 78.2 150.6
61.6 50.0 114.6
-414.5 -314.3 -119.9
101.2 175.1 86.2
52.5 108.3 48.5
-748.8 -1175.6 -142.5 -897.5 -528.9 -742.8 -603.3 -1322.0 -477.4 -3884.7 -343.9 -647.7 -473.6 -201.4 -228.7 -822.7 -156.5 -92.0
-443.9
277.8
149.4 42.0 99.7 47.4 227.8 26.0 74.7
111.8
80.0 43.4 99.6
26.9 87.4
-189.5 -1065.7
423.0
385.0
191.8
23.1
121.3
105.3
165.2
21.8
-50.3 -23.8 -163.2
-51.8 48.2 -123.0
217.9 279.0 281.6
32.1 64.9 63.9
155.2
124.2
-92.3 -78.7
-95.3 -66.1
247.0 263.7 186.9 236.7
36.9 54.7 29.1 37.2
250.7
51.0
-40.6 -314.4 -295.3 -145.2
-202.9 -88.8
94.6 186.2
84.1
-23.9 -186.2 -436.5 -397.7 -432.8 -408.6 -381.0
-411.2 -307.0 -365.8
-408.5 -296.3 -303.1 -384.4
82.6 143.1 151.0 59.3
-384.1
72.1
-262.3
123.4
51.3 100.3 112.4 48.0
50.5
-13.6
135.1
17.8 -75.0 -214.6
-5.5
247.6
35.6
-233.3
239.1
36.5
51.7 12.6
66.1 54.4
261.7 272.2
44.7 53.2
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
ClNaO4 ClO ClOV ClO2 ClO2 ClO4Rb ClRb ClSi ClTl Cl2 Cl2Co Cl2Cr Cl2CrO2 Cl2Cu Cl2Fe Cl2H2Si Cl2Hg Cl2Hg2 Cl2Mg Cl2Mn Cl2Ni Cl2O Cl2OS Cl2O2S Cl2O2U Cl2Pb Cl2Pt Cl2S Cl2S2 Cl2Sn Cl2Sr Cl2Ti Cl2Zn Cl2Zr Cl3Cr Cl3Dy Cl3Er Cl3Eu Cl3Fe Cl3Ga Cl3Gd Cl3HSi Cl3Ho Cl3In Cl3Ir Cl3La Cl3Lu Cl3N Cl3Nd Cl3OP Cl3OV Cl3Os Cl3P Cl3Pr Cl3Pt Cl3Re Cl3Rh Cl3Ru Cl3Sb Cl3Sc Cl3Sm Cl3Tb Cl3Ti Cl3Tl Cl3Tm Cl3U
Sodium perchlorate Chlorine oxide Vanadyl chloride Chlorine dioxide Chlorine superoxide (ClOO) Rubidium perchlorate Rubidium chloride Chlorosilylidyne Thallium(I) chloride Chlorine Cobalt(II) chloride Chromium(II) chloride Chromyl chloride Copper(II) chloride Iron(II) chloride Dichlorosilane Mercury(II) chloride Mercury(I) chloride Magnesium chloride Manganese(II) chloride Nickel(II) chloride Chlorine monoxide Thionyl chloride Sulfuryl chloride Uranyl chloride Lead(II) chloride Platinum(II) chloride Sulfur dichloride Sulfur chloride Tin(II) chloride Strontium chloride Titanium(II) chloride Zinc chloride Zirconium(II) chloride Chromium(III) chloride Dysprosium(III) chloride Erbium chloride Europium(III) chloride Iron(III) chloride Gallium(III) chloride Gadolinium(III) chloride Trichlorosilane Holmium chloride Indium(III) chloride Iridium(III) chloride Lanthanum chloride Lutetium chloride Nitrogen trichloride Neodymium chloride Phosphoric trichloride Vanadyl trichloride Osmium(III) chloride Phosphorus(III) chloride Praseodymium chloride Platinum(III) chloride Rhenium(III) chloride Rhodium(III) chloride Ruthenium(III) chloride Antimony(III) chloride Scandium chloride Samarium(III) chloride Terbium chloride Titanium(III) chloride Thallium(III) chloride Thulium chloride Uranium(III) chloride
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-9 Liquid
S° J/mol K
-383.3
-254.9
142.3
-607.0
-556.0
75.0
Cp J/mol K
-437.2 -435.4
-306.9 -407.8
161.1 95.9
52.4
-204.1
-184.9
111.3
50.9
-312.5 -395.4
-269.8 -356.0
109.2 115.3
78.5 71.2
-220.1 -341.8
-175.7 -302.3
108.1 118.0
71.9 76.7
-224.3 -265.4 -641.3 -481.3 -305.3
-178.6 -210.7 -591.8 -440.5 -259.0
146.0 191.6 89.6 118.2 97.7
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-510.8
221.8
150.5 136.0
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
101.8
98.1
226.6
31.5
102.5 89.1
120.5 105.0
256.8 263.7
42.0 46.0
36.9 223.1
33.9
329.8
84.5
285.7
60.5
97.9 -198.3 -320.0
266.2 309.8 311.9
45.4 66.5 77.0
-482.0
313.9
75.8
-558.5 -695.6
-512.9 -659.3
325.5 344.3
84.9 89.9
-287.0
-267.8
311.8
71.8
-538.1
-501.6
71.4 72.9 71.7 -245.6 -394.1
-1146.4 -314.1
fH° kJ/mol
189.9 -67.8 0.0
-579.5
-1243.9 -359.4 -123.4
Cp J/mol K
121.0 134.0
80.3 -212.5 -364.0
107.9
-50.0 -59.4 -325.1 -828.9 -513.8 -415.1 -502.0 -556.5 -1000.0 -998.7 -936.0 -399.5 -524.7 -1008.0
-781.1 -464.4 -369.4
114.9 87.4 111.5
75.6 69.8 71.3
-486.1
123.0
91.8
-266.1
100.0 -334.0 -454.8
142.3 142.0
96.7 88.0 -539.3
-1005.4 -537.2 -245.6 -1072.2 -945.6
-482.5
227.6
-513.0
88.0 -374.0 108.8 -649.0 230.0
-1041.0
113.0 -597.1 -734.7
-520.8 -668.5
222.5 244.3
-319.7
-272.3
217.1
138.8
-190.4 -1056.9 -182.0 -264.0 -299.2 -205.0 -382.2 -925.1 -1025.9 -997.0 -720.9 -315.1 -986.6 -866.5
100.0 -188.0
123.8
92.4
-323.7
184.1
107.9
-653.5
139.7
97.2
-799.1
159.0
102.5
5-10
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
Cl3V Cl3Y Cl3Yb Cl4Ge Cl4Hf Cl4Pa Cl4Pb Cl4Pt Cl4Si Cl4Sn Cl4Te Cl4Th Cl4Ti Cl4U Cl4V Cl4Zr Cl5Nb Cl5P Cl5Pa Cl5Ta Cl6U Cl6W Cm Co CoF2 CoH2O2 CoI2 CoN2O6 CoO CoO4S CoS Co2S3 Co3O4 Cr CrF2 CrF3 CrI2 CrI3 CrO2 CrO3 CrO4Pb Cr2FeO4 Cr2O3 Cr3O4 Cs CsF CsF2H CsH CsHO CsHO4S CsH2N CsI CsNO3 CsO2 Cs2O Cs2O3S Cs2O4S Cs2S Cu CuF2 CuH2O2 CuI CuN2O6 CuO CuO4S CuO4W
Vanadium(III) chloride Yttrium chloride Ytterbium(III) chloride Germanium(IV) chloride Hafnium(IV) chloride Protactinium(IV) chloride Lead(IV) chloride Platinum(IV) chloride Tetrachlorosilane Tin(IV) chloride Tellurium tetrachloride Thorium(IV) chloride Titanium(IV) chloride Uranium(IV) chloride Vanadium(IV) chloride Zirconium(IV) chloride Niobium(V) chloride Phosphorus(V) chloride Protactinium(V) chloride Tantalum(V) chloride Uranium(VI) chloride Tungsten(VI) chloride Curium Cobalt Cobalt(II) fluoride Cobalt(II) hydroxide Cobalt(II) iodide Cobalt(II) nitrate Cobalt(II) oxide Cobalt(II) sulfate Cobalt(II) sulfide Cobalt(III) sulfide Cobalt(II,III) oxide Chromium Chromium(II) fluoride Chromium(III) fluoride Chromium(II) iodide Chromium(III) iodide Chromium(IV) oxide Chromium(VI) oxide Lead(II) chromate Chromium iron oxide Chromium(III) oxide Chromium(II,III) oxide Cesium Cesium fluoride Cesium hydrogen fluoride Cesium hydride Cesium hydroxide Cesium hydrogen sulfate Cesium amide Cesium iodide Cesium nitrate Cesium superoxide Cesium oxide Cesium sulfite Cesium sulfate Cesium sulfide Copper Copper(II) fluoride Copper(II) hydroxide Copper(I) iodide Copper(II) nitrate Copper(II) oxide Copper(II) sulfate Copper(II) tungstate
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
-580.7 -1000.0 -959.8
-511.2
-990.4 -1043.0
-901.3 -953.0
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
131.0
93.2
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
-750.2 -531.8 190.8 192.0
-462.7
245.6
-687.0 -511.3
-619.8 -440.1
239.7 258.6
145.3 165.3
-804.2
-737.2
252.3
145.2
-569.4
-503.7
255.0
120.5
Cp J/mol K 75.0
-495.8 -884.5
-457.3
347.7
96.1
-657.0 -471.5
-617.0 -432.2
330.7 365.8
90.3 98.3
-964.4 -763.2 -809.6 -525.5
-932.0 -726.3 -786.6 -492.0
390.7 353.2 419.0 362.4
107.5 95.4
-703.7 -374.9
-646.0 -305.0
400.6 364.6
120.8 112.8
-329.3 -231.8
-326.4 -1186.2
-1094.1
190.4
138.5 120.3
-1019.2
-930.0
197.1
122.0
-980.5 -797.5 -443.5 -1145.0 -859.0 -1092.0 -602.5 0.0 0.0 -692.0 -539.7 -88.7 -420.5 -237.9 -888.3 -82.8 -147.3 -891.0 0.0 -778.0 -1159.0 -156.9 -205.0 -598.0
-889.9 -683.2
181.6 210.5
119.8 148.1
-1034.0
238.0
-962.0
285.8
175.7
-1013.0 -513.8
-928.0
431.0
30.0 82.0 79.0
24.8 68.8
424.7
380.3
179.5
23.0
-647.2 -454.3
-214.2 -782.3
53.0 118.0
55.2
-774.0
102.5 23.8
123.4 23.4
396.6
351.8
174.5
20.8
93.9
78.7
266.2
56.0
-1088.0
-292.9 -930.9 -1444.7 -1139.7 -1531.0 0.0 -553.5 -923.8 -54.2 -416.2 -1158.1 -118.4 -346.6 -506.0 -286.2 -345.8 -1134.7 -1443.0 -359.8 0.0 -542.7 -449.8 -67.8 -302.9 -157.3 -771.4 -1105.0
96.2
-1343.8 -1058.1
146.0 81.2
133.6 118.7
85.2 92.8 135.2
32.2 51.1 87.3
76.5
49.6
175.6
20.8
-525.5 -858.9 -371.8
104.2
69.9
-256.0
-256.5
254.8
49.7
-340.6 -406.5
123.1 155.2
52.8
-308.1
146.9
76.0
-1323.6
211.9
134.9
33.2
24.4
337.4
297.7
166.4
20.8
-69.5
96.7
54.1
-129.7 -662.2
42.6 109.2
42.3
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
CuS CuSe Cu2 Cu2O Cu2S Dy DyI3 Dy2O3 Er ErF3 Er2O3 Es Eu Eu2O3 Eu3O4 F FGa FGe FGeH3 FH FH3Si FH4N FI FIn FK FLi FNO FNO2 FNS FNa FO FO2 FRb FSi FTl F2 F2Fe F2HK F2HN F2HNa F2HRb F2Mg F2N F2N2 F2N2 F2Ni F2O F2OS F2O2 F2O2S F2O2U F2Pb F2Si F2Sr F2Zn F3Ga F3Gd F3HSi F3Ho F3N F3Nd F3OP F3P F3Sb F3Sc F3Sm
Copper(II) sulfide Copper(II) selenide Dicopper Copper(I) oxide Copper(I) sulfide Dysprosium Dysprosium(III) iodide Dysprosium(III) oxide Erbium Erbium fluoride Erbium oxide Einsteinium Europium Europium(III) oxide Europium(II,III) oxide Fluorine (atomic) Gallium monofluoride Germanium monofluoride Fluorogermane Hydrogen fluoride Fluorosilane Ammonium fluoride Iodine fluoride Indium(I) fluoride Potassium fluoride Lithium fluoride Nitrosyl fluoride Nitryl fluoride Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) Sodium fluoride Fluorine oxide Fluorine superoxide (FOO) Rubidium fluoride Fluorosilylidyne Thallium(I) fluoride Fluorine Iron(II) fluoride Potassium hydrogen fluoride Difluoramine Sodium hydrogen fluoride Rubidium hydrogen fluoride Magnesium fluoride Difluoroamidogen cis-Difluorodiazine trans-Difluorodiazine Nickel(II) fluoride Fluorine monoxide Thionyl fluoride Fluorine dioxide Sulfuryl fluoride Uranyl fluoride Lead(II) fluoride Difluorosilylene Strontium fluoride Zinc fluoride Gallium(III) fluoride Gadolinium(III) fluoride Trifluorosilane Holmium fluoride Nitrogen trifluoride Neodymium fluoride Phosphoric trifluoride Phosphorus(III) fluoride Antimony(III) fluoride Scandium fluoride Samarium(III) fluoride
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-11 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Gas Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-53.1 -39.5
-53.6
66.5
47.8 484.2
431.9
241.6
36.6
-168.6 -79.5 0.0 -620.5 -1863.1 0.0 -1711.0 -1897.9 0.0 0.0 -1651.4 -2272.0
-146.0 -86.2
93.1 120.9 75.6
63.6 76.3 27.7
290.4
254.4
196.6
20.8
149.8 73.2
116.3 28.1
317.1
280.7
195.6
20.8
-1808.7
155.6
108.5
77.8 146.0 205.0
27.7 122.2
175.3
142.2
188.8
20.8
-1556.8 -2142.0
79.4 -251.9 -33.4
62.3
158.8
-273.3
-275.4
252.8 173.8 238.4
22.7 33.3 34.7 51.6
-1771.5
-299.8 -464.0
-567.3 -616.0
-576.6
-348.7
-537.8 -587.7
-546.3
72.0
66.6 35.7
51.1
47.4
65.3 -95.7 -203.4
-118.5
236.2
33.4
-66.5
-51.0
248.1 260.4 259.8
41.3 49.8 44.1
109.0 25.4
105.3 39.4
216.4 259.5
32.0 44.5
7.1 -182.4 0.0
-24.3
225.8
32.6
202.8
31.3
252.8
43.4
49.0 41.6
46.9
-557.7 -324.7 -711.3 -927.7
-668.6 -859.7
87.0 104.3
68.1 76.9
-920.3 -922.6 -1124.2
-852.2 -855.6 -1071.1
90.9 120.1 57.2
75.0 79.4 61.6
-651.4
-604.1
73.6
43.1 69.5 82.0
57.8
249.9
41.0
24.5
41.8
19.2
58.2
247.5 278.7 277.2 284.0
43.3 56.8 62.1 66.0
-619.0
-628.0
252.7
43.9
271.9
60.5
64.1
-1653.5 -664.0
-1557.4 -617.1
135.6 110.5
103.2
-1216.3 -764.4 -1163.0
-1164.8 -713.3 -1085.3
82.1 73.7 84.0
70.0 65.7 -1297.0
-1707.0 -132.1
-90.6
260.8
53.4
-1254.3 -958.4
-1205.8 -936.9
285.4 273.1
68.8 58.7
-1247.0
-1234.0
300.5
67.8
-1657.0
-915.5 -1629.2 -1778.0
-1555.6
92.0
5-12
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
F3Th F3U F3Y F4Ge F4Hf F4N2 F4Pb F4S F4Si F4Th F4U F4V F4Xe F4Zr F5I F5Nb F5P F5Ta F5V F6H8N2Si F6Ir F6K2Si F6Mo F6Na2Si F6Os F6Pt F6S F6Se F6Si2 F6Te F6U F6W Fe FeI2 FeI3 FeMoO4 FeO FeO4S FeO4W FeS FeS2 Fe2O3 Fe2O4Si Fe3O4 Fm Fr Ga GaH3O3 GaI3 GaN GaO GaP GaSb Ga2 Ga2O Ga2O3 Gd Gd2O3 Ge GeH3I GeH4 GeI4 GeO GeO2 GeP GeS
Thorium(III) fluoride Uranium(III) fluoride Yttrium fluoride Germanium(IV) fluoride Hafnium fluoride Tetrafluorohydrazine Lead(IV) fluoride Sulfur tetrafluoride Tetrafluorosilane Thorium(IV) fluoride Uranium(IV) fluoride Vanadium(IV) fluoride Xenon tetrafluoride Zirconium(IV) fluoride Iodine pentafluoride Niobium(V) fluoride Phosphorus(V) fluoride Tantalum(V) fluoride Vanadium(V) fluoride Ammonium hexafluorosilicate Iridium(VI) fluoride Potassium hexafluorosilicate Molybdenum(VI) fluoride Sodium hexafluorosilicate Osmium(VI) fluoride Platinum(VI) fluoride Sulfur hexafluoride Selenium hexafluoride Hexafluorodisilane Tellurium hexafluoride Uranium(VI) fluoride Tungsten(VI) fluoride Iron Iron(II) iodide Iron(III) iodide Iron(II) molybdate Iron(II) oxide Iron(II) sulfate Iron(II) tungstate Iron(II) sulfide Iron disulfide Iron(III) oxide Iron(II) orthosilicate Iron(II,III) oxide Fermium Francium Gallium Gallium(III) hydroxide Gallium(III) iodide Gallium nitride Gallium monoxide Gallium phosphide Gallium antimonide Digallium Gallium suboxide Gallium(III) oxide Gadolinium Gadolinium(III) oxide Germanium Iodogermane Germane Germanium(IV) iodide Germanium(II) oxide Germanium(IV) oxide Germanium phosphide Germanium(II) sulfide
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K 95.1
-1502.1 -1718.8
-1433.4 -1644.7
123.4 100.0
-1930.5
-1830.4
113.0
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-1166.1 -1058.5 -1288.7 -1190.2 -1669.8 -8.4
-1160.6 -1051.9 -1277.8 -1150.0
339.2 331.9 311.8 301.9
73.3 74.3 70.3
79.9
301.2
79.2
-763.2 -1615.0 -1759.0 -1598.7
-722.0 -1572.8 -1724.0 -1572.7
299.6 282.8 341.7 368.0
77.6 73.6 93.0 91.2
-822.5 -1739.7 -1594.4
-751.7 -1673.6 -1520.7
327.7 321.9 300.8
99.2 97.1 84.8
-1433.9
-1369.8
320.9
98.6
-544.0
-460.0
357.8
121.1
-1557.7
-1472.2
350.5
120.6
-1116.5 -1017.0 -2307.3
358.1 348.3 291.5 313.9 391.0
120.8 122.8 97.0 110.5 129.9
-2063.7 -1632.1 370.7
377.9 341.1 180.5
129.6 119.0 25.7
272.0
233.7
169.0
25.3
279.5
253.5
231.1
32.1
397.5
359.8
194.3
27.5
372.0
331.2
90.8 -56.9 -46.2
113.4 -106.3 -73.2
167.9 283.2 217.1 428.9 224.3
30.7 57.5 45.0 104.1 30.9
92.0
42.0
234.0
33.7
-941.8
-2097.8 -1914.2 -1403.3 -261.5 -1911.3
-2003.4 -1823.3
142.0 151.7
110.7 116.0
-1809.9
104.6
103.7
-1813.8
-1699.0
160.2
134.7
-2681.7 -579.7 -2956.0
-2365.3 -461.6 -2798.6
280.2 247.7 226.0
228.1
-2909.6
-2754.2
207.1 246.0 235.6
187.1
-864.8
-1903.6 -1480.3
-1585.5
-2427.0
-2299.7
219.1
129.5
-2197.0
-2068.5
227.6
166.8 -1747.7
0.0 -113.0
27.3
25.1
-975.0
129.3
118.5
-820.8 -1054.0 -100.4 -166.9 -742.2 -1379.0 -1015.4
107.5 131.8 60.3 52.9 87.4 145.2 146.4
100.6 114.6 50.5 62.2 103.9 132.9 143.4
0.0 -831.3
95.4 40.8 100.0 205.0
-1373.1
-1473.0
-1631.4
175.7
259.7
251.5
169.8
-1220.5 -1117.0 -2383.3 -1318.0 -2147.4 -1721.7 416.3 71.0
-1075.0 -272.0 -928.4 -1155.0 -100.0 -178.2 -824.2 -1479.9 -1118.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -964.4 -238.9 -110.5 -88.0 -41.8
-38.9
76.1
26.1
5.6
100.0
48.5 438.5
-356.0 -1089.1 0.0 -1819.6 0.0
-141.8 -261.9 -580.0 -21.0 -69.0
-998.3
85.0 68.1 31.1
-144.3 -237.2 -521.4 -17.0 -71.5
271.1 50.0 39.7 63.0 71.0
92.1 37.0 106.7 23.3
52.1
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
GeTe Ge2 Ge2H6 Ge3H8 H HI HIO3 HK HKO HKO4S HLi HLiO HN HNO2 HNO3 HN3 HNa HNaO HNaO4S HNa2O4P HO HORb HOTl HO2 HO3P HO4RbS HO4Re HRb HS HSi HTa2 H2 H2KN H2KO4P H2LiN H2Mg H2MgO2 H2N H2NNa H2NRb H2N2O2 H2NiO2 H2O H2O2 H2O2Sn H2O2Sr H2O2Zn H2O3Si H2O4S H2O4Se H2S H2S2 H2Se H2Sr H2Te H2Th H2Zr H3ISi H3N H3NO H3O2P H3O3P H3O4P H3P H3Sb H3U
Germanium(II) telluride Digermanium Digermane Trigermane Hydrogen (atomic) Hydrogen iodide Iodic acid Potassium hydride Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydrogen sulfate Lithium hydride Lithium hydroxide Imidogen Nitrous acid Nitric acid Hydrazoic acid Sodium hydride Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydrogen sulfate Sodium hydrogen phosphate Hydroxyl Rubidium hydroxide Thallium(I) hydroxide Hydroperoxy Metaphosphoric acid Rubidium hydrogen sulfate Perrhenic acid Rubidium hydride Mercapto Silylidyne Tantalum hydride Hydrogen Potassium amide Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Lithium amide Magnesium hydride Magnesium hydroxide Amidogen Sodium amide Rubidium amide Nitramide Nickel(II) hydroxide Water Hydrogen peroxide Tin(II) hydroxide Strontium hydroxide Zinc hydroxide Metasilicic acid Sulfuric acid Selenic acid Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen disulfide Hydrogen selenide Strontium hydride Hydrogen telluride Thorium hydride Zirconium(II) hydride Iodosilane Ammonia Hydroxylamine Phosphinic acid Phosphonic acid Phosphoric acid Phosphine Stibine Uranium(III) hydride
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-13 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
20.0 137.3 193.7
-230.1 -57.7 -424.6 -1160.6 -90.5 -487.5
-379.4 -1031.3 -68.3 -441.5
81.2 138.1 20.0 42.8
68.9 27.9 49.6
-174.1 264.0 -56.3 -425.8 -1125.5 -1748.1
-33.5 -379.7 -992.8 -1608.2
40.0 64.4 113.0 150.5
-418.8 -238.9
-373.9 -195.8
94.0 88.0
-948.5 -1159.0 -762.3 -52.3
-32.6
-656.4
-69.0
-80.7 327.3
155.6 140.6
109.9
36.4 59.5
473.1 162.3 226.8 218.0 26.5
416.3
252.8
35.6
203.3 1.7
114.7 206.6
20.8 29.2
-232.0
-229.7
238.3
49.2
-229.0 351.5 -79.5 -133.9 294.1
-234.2 345.6 -46.0 -73.5 328.1
214.4 181.2 254.1 266.9 239.0
46.0 29.2 45.6 54.1 43.7
-191.0
-193.9
229.0
48.0
39.0 -238.0
34.2 -239.1
183.7 248.5
29.9 49.5
10.5
22.6
229.0
34.9
142.7 361.0
113.3
195.7
32.3
130.7
28.8
135.3 69.0
158.2
79.1
90.8 0.0
-128.9 -1568.3 -179.5 -75.3 -924.5 -123.8 -113.0 -89.5 -529.7
-561.1 -959.0 -641.9 -1188.7
-1415.9
134.9
116.6
-35.9 -833.5
31.1 63.2
35.4 77.0
-64.0
76.9
66.2
-447.2
88.0
-491.6
155.0
-553.5 -1092.4
81.2 134.0
-285.8 -187.8
-237.1 -120.4
70.0 109.6
75.3 89.1
-814.0
-690.0
156.9
138.9
184.9
194.6
195.0
33.9
-241.8 -136.3
-228.6 -105.6
188.8 232.7
33.6 43.1
-20.6 15.5 29.7
-33.4
205.8
15.9
219.0
34.2 51.5 34.7
-45.9
-16.4
270.9 192.8
54.4 35.1
5.4 145.1
13.5 147.8
210.2 232.8
37.1 41.1
-530.1 -18.1
84.1
-180.3 99.6 -139.7 -169.0
-114.2 -604.6 -964.4 -1284.4
-127.2
-100.0 -128.8
50.7 35.0
36.7 31.0
-595.4 -1124.3
-72.8
110.5
63.7
106.1
49.3
-1271.7
-1123.6
150.8
145.0
5-14
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
H4IN H4N2 H4N2O2 H4N2O3 H4N4 H4O4Si H4O7P2 H4P2 H4Si H4Sn H5NO H5NO3S H5NO4S H6Si2 H8N2O4S H8Si3 H9N2O4P H12N3O4P He Hf HfO2 Hg HgI2 HgO HgO4S HgS HgTe Hg2 Hg2I2 Hg2O4S Ho Ho2O3 I IIn IK IKO3 IKO4 ILi INa INaO3 INaO4 IO IRb ITl I2 I2Mg I2Ni I2Pb I2Sn I2Sr I2Zn I3In I3La I3Lu I3P I3Ru I3Sb I4Pt I4Si I4Sn I4Ti I4V I4Zr In InO InP
Ammonium iodide Hydrazine Ammonium nitrite Ammonium nitrate Ammonium azide Orthosilicic acid Diphosphoric acid Diphosphine Silane Stannane Ammonium hydroxide Ammonium hydrogen sulfite Ammonium hydrogen sulfate Disilane Ammonium sulfate Trisilane Ammonium hydrogen phosphate Ammonium phosphate Helium Hafnium Hafnium oxide Mercury Mercury(II) iodide Mercury(II) oxide Mercury(II) sulfate Mercury(II) sulfide (red) Mercury(II) telluride Dimercury Mercury(I) iodide Mercury(I) sulfate Holmium Holmium oxide Iodine (atomic) Indium(I) iodide Potassium iodide Potassium iodate Potassium periodate Lithium iodide Sodium iodide Sodium iodate Sodium periodate Iodine monoxide Rubidium iodide Thallium(I) iodide Iodine (rhombic) Magnesium iodide Nickel(II) iodide Lead(II) iodide Tin(II) iodide Strontium iodide Zinc iodide Indium(III) iodide Lanthanum iodide Lutetium iodide Phosphorus(III) iodide Ruthenium(III) iodide Antimony(III) iodide Platinum(IV) iodide Tetraiodosilane Tin(IV) iodide Titanium(IV) iodide Vanadium(IV) iodide Zirconium(IV) iodide Indium Indium monoxide Indium phosphide
fH° kJ/mol -201.4
fG° kJ/mol -112.5
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
-183.9 274.2 -1332.9
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
121.2
98.9
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
117.0 50.6
-256.5 -365.6 115.5 -1481.1 -2241.0
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
151.1 112.5 192.0
149.3
95.4
159.4
238.5
48.4
20.9 34.3 162.8
56.9 188.3
204.6 227.7
42.8 49.0
80.3
127.3
272.7
80.8
0.0 619.2
576.5
126.2 186.9
20.8 20.8
61.4
31.8
175.0
20.8
108.8
68.2
288.1
37.4
300.8
264.8
195.6
20.8
106.8 7.5
70.2 -37.7
180.8 267.3
20.8 36.8
126.0
102.5
239.6
32.9
7.1 62.4
19.3
260.7
36.9
374.4
78.4
446.1
105.4
173.8 236.5
20.8 32.6
139.3
-2231.7 -5.0
-361.2
-254.0
165.6
154.9
-768.6 -1027.0 -1180.9
-901.7
220.1
187.5 92.5
-1566.9 -1671.9 0.0 -1144.7
-1088.2
43.6 59.3
-105.4 -90.8 -707.5 -58.2 -42.0
-101.7 -58.5
180.0 70.3
25.7 60.3
44.1
-50.6
82.4
48.4
-121.3 -743.1 0.0 -1880.7
-111.0 -625.8 -1791.1
233.5 200.7 75.3 158.2
-116.3 -327.9 -501.4 -467.2 -270.4 -287.8 -481.8 -429.3
-120.5 -324.9 -418.4 -361.4 -270.3 -286.1
130.0 106.3 151.5 175.7 86.8 98.5
-323.0
163.0
-333.8 -123.8 0.0 -364.0 -78.2 -175.5 -143.5 -558.1 -208.0 -238.0 -668.9 -548.0 -45.6 -65.7 -100.4 -72.8 -189.5
-328.9 -125.4 -358.2
118.4 127.6 116.1 129.7
-173.6
174.9
-209.0
161.1
-375.7
-371.5
0.0
132.0 27.2 115.0
75.9
28.0
52.9 106.5 51.0 52.1 92.0
53.2 54.4
77.4 81.6 -120.5
-481.6 0.0 -88.7
120.9
188.0
-77.0
249.4
84.9 125.7
57.8
26.7
59.8
45.4
-277.8 -122.6 243.3 387.0
208.7 364.4
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances
5-15
Crystal Molecular formula
Name
InS InSb In2 In2O3 In2S3 In2Te5 Ir IrO2 IrS2 Ir2S3 K KMnO4 KNO2 KNO3 KNa KO2 K2 K2O K2O2 K2O4S K2S K3O4P Kr La LaS La2O3 Li LiNO2 LiNO3 Li2 Li2O Li2O2 Li2O3Si Li2O4S Li2S Li3O4P Lr Lu Lu2O3 Md Mg MgN2O6 MgO MgO4S MgO4Se MgS Mg2 Mg2O4Si Mn MnN2O6 MnNaO4 MnO MnO2 MnO3Si MnS MnSe Mn2O3 Mn2O4Si Mn3O4 Mo MoNa2O4 MoO2 MoO3 MoO4Pb MoS2 Mo3Si
Indium(II) sulfide Indium antimonide Diindium Indium(III) oxide Indium(III) sulfide Indium(IV) telluride Iridium Iridium(IV) oxide Iridium(IV) sulfide Iridium(III) sulfide Potassium Potassium permanganate Potassium nitrite Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium Potassium superoxide Dipotassium Potassium oxide Potassium peroxide Potassium sulfate Potassium sulfide Potassium phosphate Krypton Lanthanum Lanthanum monosulfide Lanthanum oxide Lithium Lithium nitrite Lithium nitrate Dilithium Lithium oxide Lithium peroxide Lithium metasilicate Lithium sulfate Lithium sulfide Lithium phosphate Lawrencium Lutetium Lutetium oxide Mendelevium Magnesium Magnesium nitrate Magnesium oxide Magnesium sulfate Magnesium selenate Magnesium sulfide Dimagnesium Magnesium orthosilicate Manganese Manganese(II) nitrate Sodium permanganate Manganese(II) oxide Manganese(IV) oxide Manganese(II) metasilicate Manganese(II) sulfide (α form) Manganese(II) selenide Manganese(III) oxide Manganese(II) orthosilicate Manganese(II,III) oxide Molybdenum Sodium molybdate Molybdenum(IV) oxide Molybdenum(VI) oxide Lead(II) molybdate Molybdenum(IV) sulfide Molybdenum silicide
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Gas Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-138.1 -30.5
-131.8 -25.5
67.0 86.2
49.5
238.0 344.3 380.9
-925.8 -427.0 -175.3 0.0 -274.1 -138.0 -234.0 0.0 -837.2 -369.8 -494.6
-830.7 -412.5
104.2 163.6
92.0 118.0
35.5
25.1 57.3
665.3
617.9
193.6
20.8
64.7 171.7 152.1 133.1
29.6 117.6 107.4 96.4
89.0
60.5
160.3
20.8
-737.6 -306.6 -394.9
-284.9
-239.4
116.7
77.5 123.7
87.5
249.7
37.9
0.0 431.0
393.6
164.1 182.4
20.8 22.8
159.3
126.6
138.8
20.8
215.9
174.4
197.0
36.1
6.3
-361.5 -494.1 -1437.8 -380.7 -1950.2 0.0 -456.0 -1793.7 0.0 -372.4 -483.1 -597.9 -634.3 -1648.1 -1436.5 -441.4 -2095.8 0.0 0.0 -1878.2 0.0 0.0 -790.7 -601.6 -1284.9 -968.5 -346.0
-425.1 -1321.4 -364.0
102.1 175.6 105.0
131.5
27.1 59.0 108.8 24.8
-302.0 -381.1
56.9 73.2 127.3 29.1 96.0 90.0
-561.2
37.6
54.1
-1557.2 -1321.7
79.8 115.1
99.1 117.6
51.0 110.0
26.9 101.8
427.6
387.8
184.8
20.9
-1789.0
32.7 164.0 27.0 91.6
24.9 141.9 37.2 96.5
147.1
112.5
148.6
20.8
-589.4 -569.3 -1170.6 -341.8
50.3
45.6
-2055.1
95.1 32.0
118.5 26.3
280.7
238.5
173.7
20.8
59.7 53.1 89.1 78.2 90.8 110.5 163.2 155.6 28.7 159.7 46.3 77.7 166.1 62.6 106.3
45.4 54.1 86.4 50.0 51.0 107.7 129.9 139.7 24.1 141.7 56.0 75.0 119.7 63.6 93.1
658.1
612.5
182.0
20.8
-451.5 -1705.8
287.7 -2174.0 0.0 -576.3 -1156.0 -385.2 -520.0 -1320.9 -214.2 -106.7 -959.0 -1730.5 -1387.8 0.0 -1468.1 -588.9 -745.1 -1051.9 -235.1 -125.2
-362.9 -465.1 -1240.5 -218.4 -111.7 -881.1 -1632.1 -1283.2 -1354.3 -533.0 -668.0 -951.4 -225.9 -125.7
5-16
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
N NNaO2 NNaO3 NO NO2 NO2Rb NO3Rb NO3Tl NP N2 N2O N2O3 N2O4 N2O4Sr N2O5 N2O6Pb N2O6Ra N2O6Sr N2O6Zn N3Na N4Si3 Na NaO2 Na2 Na2O Na2O2 Na2O3S Na2O3Si Na2O4S Na2S Nb NbO NbO2 Nb2O5 Nd Nd2O3 Ne Ni NiO4S NiS Ni2O3 No O OP OPb OPb OPd ORa ORb2 ORh OS OSe OSi OSn OSr OTi OTl2 OU OV OZn O2 O2P O2Pb O2Rb O2Rb2 O2Ru
Nitrogen (atomic) Sodium nitrite Sodium nitrate Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide Rubidium nitrite Rubidium nitrate Thallium(I) nitrate Phosphorus nitride Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Nitrogen trioxide Nitrogen tetroxide Strontium nitrite Nitrogen pentoxide Lead(II) nitrate Radium nitrate Strontium nitrate Zinc nitrate Sodium azide Silicon nitride Sodium Sodium superoxide Disodium Sodium oxide Sodium peroxide Sodium sulfite Sodium metasilicate Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfide Niobium Niobium(II) oxide Niobium(IV) oxide Niobium(V) oxide Neodymium Neodymium oxide Neon Nickel Nickel(II) sulfate Nickel(II) sulfide Nickel(III) oxide Nobelium Oxygen (atomic) Phosphorus monoxide Lead(II) oxide (massicot) Lead(II) oxide (litharge) Palladium(II) oxide Radium oxide Rubidium oxide Rhodium monoxide Sulfur monoxide Selenium monoxide Silicon monoxide Tin(II) oxide Strontium oxide Titanium(II) oxide Thallium(I) oxide Uranium(II) oxide Vanadium(II) oxide Zinc oxide Oxygen Phosphorus dioxide Lead(IV) oxide Rubidium superoxide Rubidium peroxide Ruthenium(IV) oxide
fH° kJ/mol -358.7 -467.9
-367.4 -495.1 -243.9 -63.0
fG° kJ/mol -284.6 -367.0
-306.2 -395.8 -152.4
Liquid
S° J/mol K 103.8 116.5
172.0 147.3 160.7
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
-414.2 -510.9 -1100.8 -1554.9 -1387.1 -364.8 0.0 -405.8 -796.2 -1899.5 0.0 -1807.9 0.0 -872.9 -82.0 -489.5 0.0
-217.3 -219.0 -85.4 -523.0 -339.0
178.2
143.1
-796.1 -780.0
222.0 194.6
149.9
93.8 -642.6
96.9 101.3 51.3 115.9
-375.5 -447.7 -1012.5 -1462.8 -1270.2 -349.8
28.2 72.1
-1720.8
24.6 41.3 57.5 132.1 27.5 111.3
-759.7 -79.5
29.9 92.0 53.0
26.1 138.0 47.1
-187.9 -188.9
68.7 66.5
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
472.7
455.5
153.3
20.8
91.3 33.2
87.6 51.3
210.8 240.1
29.9 37.2
171.5 0.0 81.6 86.6 11.1
149.4 103.7 142.4 99.8
211.1 191.6 220.0 314.7 304.4
29.7 29.1 38.6 72.7 79.2
97.5
209.2
142.7
13.3
117.1
355.7
95.3
107.5
77.0
153.7
20.8
142.1
103.9
230.2
37.6
725.9
681.1
186.3
30.2
327.6
292.4
189.4
22.1
0.0 429.7
384.5
146.3 182.2
20.8 23.4
249.2 -28.5
231.7 -51.9
161.1 222.8
21.9 31.8
348.9
325.9
218.0
385.0 6.3 53.4 -99.6 15.1 1.5
-19.9 26.8 -126.4 -8.4
222.0 234.0 211.6 232.1
30.2 31.3 29.9 31.6
-281.6
205.2 252.1
29.4 39.5
76.6
75.1 95.0 145.9 113.9 149.6 83.7 36.4 48.1 54.5 137.2 71.5 158.6
-378.6 -740.5 -1766.0
Cp J/mol K
102.1 99.5
113.9
-218.4
S° J/mol K
92.9
50.3 -19.5 -762.3 -43.1 -451.9 -992.0 -978.2 -483.7 21.7 -743.5 0.0 -260.2
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
69.1 89.2 120.3 128.2
45.8 45.8 31.4
-280.7 -592.0 -519.7 -178.7
-251.9 -561.9 -495.0 -147.3
57.2 54.4 50.0 126.0
44.3 45.0 40.0
-431.8 -350.5
-404.2 -320.5
38.9 43.7
45.4 40.3
21.0
0.0 -279.9 -277.4 -278.7 -472.0 -305.0
-217.3
68.6
64.6
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
O2S O2Se O2Si O2Sn O2Te O2Th O2Ti O2U O2W O2Zr O3 O3PbS O3PbSi O3Pr2 O3Rh2 O3S O3Sc2 O3SiSr O3Sm2 O3Tb2 O3Ti2 O3Tm2 O3U O3V2 O3W O3Y2 O3Yb2 O4Os O4PbS O4PbSe O4Pb2Si O4Pb3 O4RaS O4Rb2S O4Ru O4SSr O4STl2 O4SZn O4SiSr2 O4SiZn2 O4SiZr O4TiZr O5Sb2 O5Ta2 O5Ti3 O5V2 O5V3 O7Re2 O7U3 O8S2Zr O8U3 O9U4 Os P P P P2 P4 Pa Pb PbS PbSe PbTe Pd PdS Pm
Sulfur dioxide Selenium dioxide Silicon dioxide (α-quartz) Tin(IV) oxide Tellurium dioxide Thorium(IV) oxide Titanium(IV) oxide Uranium(IV) oxide Tungsten(IV) oxide Zirconium(IV) oxide Ozone Lead(II) sulfite Lead(II) metasilicate Praseodymium oxide Rhodium(III) oxide Sulfur trioxide Scandium oxide Strontium metasilicate Samarium(III) oxide Terbium oxide Titanium(III) oxide Thulium oxide Uranium(VI) oxide Vanadium(III) oxide Tungsten(VI) oxide Yttrium oxide Ytterbium(III) oxide Osmium(VIII) oxide Lead(II) sulfate Lead(II) selenate Lead(II) orthosilicate Lead(II,II,IV) oxide Radium sulfate Rubidium sulfate Ruthenium(VIII) oxide Strontium sulfate Thallium(I) sulfate Zinc sulfate Strontium orthosilicate Zinc orthosilicate Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate Zirconium titanate Antimony(V) oxide Tantalum(V) oxide Titanium(III,IV) oxide Vanadium(V) oxide Vanadium(III,IV) oxide Rhenium(VII) oxide Uranium(IV,VI) oxide Zirconium(IV) sulfate Uranium(V,VI) oxide Uranium(IV,V) oxide Osmium Phosphorus (white) Phosphorus (red) Phosphorus (black) Diphosphorus Tetraphosphorus Protactinium Lead Lead(II) sulfide Lead(II) selenide Lead(II) telluride Palladium Palladium(II) sulfide Promethium
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-17 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-320.5 -225.4 -910.7 -577.6 -322.6 -1226.4 -944.0 -1085.0 -589.7 -1100.6 -669.9 -1145.7 -1809.6 -343.0 -454.5 -1908.8 -1633.9 -1823.0 -1865.2 -1520.9 -1888.7 -1223.8 -1218.8 -842.9 -1905.3 -1814.6 -394.1 -920.0 -609.2 -1363.1 -718.4 -1471.1 -1435.6 -239.3 -1453.1 -931.8 -982.8 -2304.5 -1636.7 -2033.4 -2024.1 -971.9 -2046.0 -2459.4 -1550.6 -1933.0 -1240.1 -3427.1 -2217.1 -3574.8 -4510.4 0.0 0.0 -17.6 -39.3
0.0 0.0 -100.4 -102.9 -70.7 0.0 -75.0 0.0
-856.3 -515.8 -270.3 -1169.2 -888.8 -1031.8 -533.9 -1042.8
41.5 49.0 79.5 65.2 50.6 77.0 50.5 50.4
-1062.1
109.6
-374.2 -1819.4 -1549.7 -1734.6
70.7 77.0 96.7 151.0
-1434.2 -1794.5 -1145.7 -1139.3 -764.0 -1816.6 -1726.7 -304.9 -813.0 -504.9 -1252.6 -601.2 -1365.6 -1316.9 -152.2 -1340.9 -830.4 -871.5 -2191.1 -1523.2 -1919.1 -1915.8 -829.2 -1911.2 -2317.4 -1419.5 -1803.0 -1066.0 -3242.9
78.8 139.7 96.1 98.3 75.9 99.1 133.1 143.9 148.5 167.8 186.6 211.3 138.0 197.4 146.4 117.0 230.5 110.5 153.1 131.4 84.1 116.7 125.1 143.1 129.3 131.0 163.0 207.1 250.5
-3369.5 -4275.1
282.6 334.1 32.6 41.1 22.8
-98.7 -101.7 -69.5 -67.0
51.9 64.8 91.2 102.5 110.0 37.6 46.0
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-300.1
248.2
39.9
-465.7
-471.5
274.6
51.4
142.7
163.2
238.9
39.2
-395.7
-371.1
256.8
50.7
-337.2
-292.8
293.8
74.1
-1100.0
-994.0
452.0
791.0 316.5
745.0 280.1
192.6 163.2
20.8 20.8
144.0 58.9 607.0 195.2
103.5 24.4 563.0 162.2
218.1 280.0 198.1 175.4
32.1 67.2 22.9 20.8
378.2
339.7
167.1
20.8
187.1
24.3
-296.8
44.4 52.6
fG° kJ/mol
-322.0
61.8 55.0 63.6 56.1 56.2
90.0 117.4 103.8 -441.0
-373.8
113.8
94.2 88.5 114.5 115.9 97.4 116.7 81.7 103.2 73.8 102.5 115.4 103.2 137.2 146.9 134.1
99.2 134.3 123.3 98.7 114.0 135.1 154.8 127.7 166.1 215.5 172.0 238.4 293.3 24.7 23.8 21.2
26.4 49.5 50.2 50.5 26.0
5-18
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
Po Pr Pt PtS PtS2 Pu Ra Rb Re Rh Rn Ru S S SSi SSn SSr STl2 SZn SZn S2 Sb Sb2 Sc Se Se Se SeSr SeTl2 SeZn Se2 Si Si2 Sm Sn Sn Sr Ta Tb Tc Te Te2 Th Ti Tl Tm U V W Xe Y Yb Zn Zr
Polonium Praseodymium Platinum Platinum(II) sulfide Platinum(IV) sulfide Plutonium Radium Rubidium Rhenium Rhodium Radon Ruthenium Sulfur (rhombic) Sulfur (monoclinic) Silicon monosulfide Tin(II) sulfide Strontium sulfide Thallium(I) sulfide Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) Disulfur Antimony Diantimony Scandium Selenium (gray) Selenium (α form) Selenium (vitreous) Strontium selenide Thallium(I) selenide Zinc selenide Diselenium Silicon Disilicon Samarium Tin (white) Tin (gray) Strontium Tantalum Terbium Technetium Tellurium Ditellurium Thorium Titanium Thallium Thulium Uranium Vanadium Tungsten Xenon Yttrium Ytterbium Zinc Zirconium
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
73.2 41.6 55.1 74.7
27.2 25.9 43.4 65.9
71.0 76.8 36.9 31.5
31.1 25.5 25.0
28.5 32.1
24.1 22.6
-98.3 -467.8 -93.7
77.0 68.2 151.0
49.3 48.7
-201.3
57.7
46.0
0.0
45.7
25.2
0.0 0.0 6.7 5.0 -385.8 -59.0 -163.0
34.6 42.4
25.5 25.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 -81.6 -108.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-76.1 -99.6
0.0 0.0 0.3 -100.0 -472.4 -97.1 -192.6 -206.0
-59.0 -163.0
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
355.6 565.3
320.9 520.5
189.8 192.4
21.4 25.5
159.0 80.9 769.9 556.9 0.0 642.7 277.2
130.0 53.1 724.6 510.8 595.8 236.7
176.5 170.1 188.9 185.8 176.2 186.5 167.8
20.8 20.8 20.8 21.0 20.8 21.5 23.7
112.5
60.9
223.7
32.3
128.6 262.3 235.6 377.8 227.1 227.1 227.1
79.7 222.1 187.0 336.0 187.0
228.2 180.3 254.9 174.8 176.7
32.5 20.8 36.4 22.1 20.8
146.0 450.0 594.0 206.7 301.2
96.2 405.5 536.0 172.8 266.2
252.0 168.0 229.9 183.0 168.5
35.4 22.3 34.4 30.4 21.3
164.4 782.0 388.7 678.0 196.7 168.2 602.0 473.0 182.2 232.2 533.0 514.2 849.4 0.0 421.3 152.3 130.4 608.8
130.9 739.3 349.7
381.1 118.4 94.8 566.5
164.6 185.2 203.6 181.1 182.7 268.1 190.2 180.3 181.0 190.1 199.8 182.3 174.0 169.7 179.5 173.1 161.0 181.4
20.8 20.9 24.6 20.8 20.8 36.7 20.8 24.4 20.8 20.8 23.7 26.0 21.3 20.8 25.9 20.8 20.8 26.7
671.3
158.1
20.8
318.5 330.6
74.6 80.0 85.3 69.3
172.0 84.0
0.0
18.8
20.0
0.0 0.0 -2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
69.6 51.2 44.1 55.0 41.5 73.2
29.5 27.0 25.8 26.8 25.4 28.9
49.7
25.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
51.8 30.7 64.2 74.0 50.2 28.9 32.6
27.3 25.0 26.3 27.0 27.7 24.9 24.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
44.4 59.9 41.6 39.0
26.5 26.7 25.4 25.4
5.7 2.4 107.2 167.4 112.1 52.0
8.5 6.1 66.7 112.3 86.0 65.0
0.1
fH° kJ/mol
Gas
157.1 118.0 560.7 428.4 147.4 197.5 488.4 754.4 807.1
Substances containing carbon: C C CAgN CAg2O3 CBaO3 CBeO3 CBrClF2 CBrCl2F CBrCl3 CBrF3
Carbon (graphite) Carbon (diamond) Silver(I) cyanide Silver(I) carbonate Barium carbonate Beryllium carbonate Bromochlorodifluoromethane Bromodichlorofluoromethane Bromotrichloromethane Bromotrifluoromethane
0.0 1.9 146.0 -505.8 -1213.0 -1025.0
2.9 156.9 -436.8 -1134.4
716.7
-41.1 -648.3
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
CBrN CBrN3O6 CBr2ClF CBr2Cl2 CBr2F2 CBr2O CBr3Cl CBr3F CBr4 CCaO3 CCaO3 CCdO3 CClFO CClF3 CClN CClN3O6 CCl2F2 CCl2O CCl3 CCl3F CCl4 CCoO3 CCs2O3 CCuN CFN CF2O CF3 CF3I CF4 CFeO3 CFe3 CH CHBrClF CHBrCl2 CHBrF2 CHBr2Cl CHBr2F CHBr3 CHClF2 CHCl2F CHCl3 CHCsO3 CHFO CHF3 CHI3 CHKO2 CHKO3 CHN CHNO CHNS CHN3O6 CHNaO2 CHNaO3 CHO CH2 CH2BrCl CH2BrF CH2Br2 CH2ClF CH2Cl2 CH2F2 CH2I2 CH2N2 CH2N2 CH2N2O4 CH2O
Cyanogen bromide Bromotrinitromethane Dibromochlorofluoromethane Dibromodichloromethane Dibromodifluoromethane Carbonyl bromide Tribromochloromethane Tribromofluoromethane Tetrabromomethane Calcium carbonate (calcite) Calcium carbonate (aragonite) Cadmium carbonate Carbonyl chloride fluoride Chlorotrifluoromethane Cyanogen chloride Chlorotrinitromethane Dichlorodifluoromethane Carbonyl chloride Trichloromethyl Trichlorofluoromethane Tetrachloromethane Cobalt(II) carbonate Cesium carbonate Copper(I) cyanide Cyanogen fluoride Carbonyl fluoride Trifluoromethyl Trifluoroiodomethane Tetrafluoromethane Iron(II) carbonate Iron carbide Methylidyne Bromochlorofluoromethane Bromodichloromethane Bromodifluoromethane Chlorodibromomethane Dibromofluoromethane Tribromomethane Chlorodifluoromethane Dichlorofluoromethane Trichloromethane Cesium hydrogen carbonate Formyl fluoride Trifluoromethane Triiodomethane Potassium formate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Hydrogen cyanide Isocyanic acid (HNCO) Isothiocyanic acid Trinitromethane Sodium formate Sodium hydrogen carbonate Oxomethyl (HCO) Methylene Bromochloromethane Bromofluoromethane Dibromomethane Chlorofluoromethane Dichloromethane Difluoromethane Diiodomethane Diazomethane Cyanamide Dinitromethane Formaldehyde
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-19 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
140.5
-127.2
47.7 -1129.1 -1128.2 -669.4
212.5 91.7 88.0 92.5
144.3 83.5 82.3
112.1 -27.1
-301.3 -128.2 -713.0 -1139.7 96.2
-1054.3 111.3
204.5 84.5
-236.8
225.4
121.6 130.7
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
165.3
248.3
46.9
-96.2
-110.9
83.9
67.0
342.8 347.8 325.3 309.1 357.8 345.9 358.1
82.4 87.1 77.0 61.8 89.4 84.4 91.2
276.7
186.2 80.3
32.5
29.4 -1207.6 -1207.8 -750.6
fH° kJ/mol
-706.3 138.0 18.4 -477.4 -219.1 59.0 -268.3 -95.7
131.0
236.2
52.4 66.9 45.0
-439.4 -204.9
300.8 283.5
72.3 57.7 78.1 83.3
123.9 224.7 -639.8 -477.0 -587.8 -933.6
-740.6 25.1
-666.7 20.1
92.9 104.6
-464.0
264.5 307.4 261.6
41.8 46.8 49.6 70.9 61.1
304.3 316.4 295.1 327.7 316.8 330.9 280.9 293.1 295.7
63.2 67.4 58.7 69.2 65.1 71.2 55.9 60.9 65.7
246.6 259.7 356.2
39.9 51.0 75.0
201.8 238.0 247.8 435.6
35.9 44.9 46.9 134.1
224.7 194.9 287.6 276.3 293.2 264.4 270.2 246.7 309.7 242.9
34.6 33.8 52.7 49.2 54.7 47.0 51.0 42.9 57.7 52.5
358.1 218.8
86.4 35.4
82.1 105.9 595.8
-424.9
-22.3
-5.0
220.9
130.7
23.8 -482.6
8.0
-134.1
-73.7
201.7
114.2
-102.7
6.0
-966.1
-181.1 -679.7 -963.2
-695.4 251.0 -863.5
115.5 108.9
125.0
112.8
70.6
-32.8 -666.5 -950.8
-599.9 -851.0
103.8 101.7
135.1
124.7
127.6 -13.4
113.0
43.1 390.4
28.0 372.9
-95.4 -452.3 119.5
95.8
-61.5 -108.6
-102.5
82.7 87.6
-124.2 68.5
90.4
177.8
101.2
174.1
134.0
58.8 -104.9
5-20
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula (CH2O)x CH2O2 CH2S3 CH3 CH3BO CH3Br CH3Cl CH3Cl3Si CH3F CH3I CH3NO CH3NO2 CH3NO2 CH3NO3 CH4 CH4N2 CH4N2O CH4N2S CH4N4O2 CH4O CH4S CH5N CH5NO3 CH5N3 CH5N3S CH5N5O2 CH6ClN CH6N2 CH6Si CHg2O3 CIN CI4 CKN CKNS CK2O3 CLi2O3 CMgO3 CMnO3 CN CNNa CNNaO CN4O8 CNa2O3 CO COS CO2 CO3Pb CO3Rb2 CO3Sr CO3Tl2 CO3Zn CS CS2 CSe2 CSi CSi C2 C2BrF5 C2Br2ClF3 C2Br2F4 C2Br4 C2Br6 C2Ca C2CaN2 C2CaO4
Name Paraformaldehyde Formic acid Trithiocarbonic acid Methyl Borane carbonyl Bromomethane Chloromethane Methyltrichlorosilane Fluoromethane Iodomethane Formamide Nitromethane Methyl nitrite Methyl nitrate Methane Ammonium cyanide Urea Thiourea Nitroguanidine Methanol Methanethiol Methylamine Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Guanidine Hydrazinecarbothioamide 3-Amino-1-nitroguanidine Methylamine hydrochloride Methylhydrazine Methylsilane Mercury(I) carbonate Cyanogen iodide Tetraiodomethane Potassium cyanide Potassium thiocyanate Potassium carbonate Lithium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Manganese(II) carbonate Cyanide Sodium cyanide Sodium cyanate Tetranitromethane Sodium carbonate Carbon monoxide Carbon oxysulfide Carbon dioxide Lead(II) carbonate Rubidium carbonate Strontium carbonate Thallium(I) carbonate Zinc carbonate Carbon monosulfide Carbon disulfide Carbon diselenide Silicon carbide (cubic) Silicon carbide (hexagonal) Dicarbon Bromopentafluoroethane 1,2-Dibromo-1-chloro-1,2,2trifluoroethane 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane Tetrabromoethene Hexabromoethane Calcium carbide Calcium cyanide Calcium oxalate
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas fH° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
129.0
99.0
-378.7
262.8
163.1
145.7 -111.2 -35.4 -81.9 -528.9
163.2
126.0
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
194.2 249.4 246.4 234.6 351.1 222.9 254.1
38.7 59.5 42.4 40.8 102.4 37.5 44.1
282.9
55.5
-50.5
305.8 186.3
76.6 35.7
-177.6 -425.0 24.0
-361.4
-59.8
0.4 -333.1 -89.1 -92.4
-849.4 -56.0 24.7 22.1 -298.1
-13.6 -254.0 -112.6
-14.4
171.8
106.6
-156.3
-43.4
217.1
157.3
134.0 -245.8 22.9
-665.9
-239.2 -46.7 -47.3
-166.6 -7.7 35.7
126.8 169.2 150.2
81.1 90.5 102.1
-201.0 -22.9 -22.5
-162.3 -9.3 32.7
239.9 255.2 242.9
44.1 50.3 50.1
54.2
180.0
165.9
134.9
94.7
187.0
278.8 256.5
71.1 65.9
225.5 474.0
196.6
256.8 391.9
48.3 95.9
437.6
407.5
202.6
29.2
503.7
176.1
120.9
-553.5 166.2 -392.9 -113.0 -200.2 -1151.0 -1215.9 -1095.8 -894.1
-468.1 185.0
180.0 96.2
-101.9 -178.3 -1063.5 -1132.1 -1012.1 -816.7
128.5 124.3 155.5 90.4 65.7 85.8
66.3 88.5 114.4 99.1 75.5 81.5
-87.5 -405.4
-76.4 -358.1
115.6 96.7
70.4 86.6
-1130.7
-1044.4
135.0
112.3
38.4
-699.1 -1136.0 -1220.1 -700.0 -812.8
-625.5 -1051.0 -1140.1 -614.6 -731.5
131.0 181.3 97.1 155.2 82.4
-59.8 -184.5 -1360.6
-62.8 -60.2
-64.9
16.6 16.5
70.0
82.4 -110.5 -142.0 -393.5
-137.2 -169.2 -394.4
197.7 231.6 213.8
29.1 41.5 37.1
280.3 116.7
228.8 67.1
210.6 237.8
29.8 45.4
775.9
199.4
43.2
-691.7
831.9 -1064.4 -656.6
-817.7
-789.1 387.1 441.9
102.7 139.3
87.4 117.6 81.4 79.7 89.0 164.8
-65.3 -62.8
14.4 -193.9 -80.8 -66.1 -122.0 -74.6
147.9 -92.9 -26.3
64.6
151.3
76.4
26.9 26.7
62.7
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula C2ClF3 C2ClF5 C2Cl2F4 C2Cl2O2 C2Cl3F3 C2Cl3N C2Cl4 C2Cl4F2 C2Cl4F2 C2Cl4O C2Cl6 C2F3N C2F4 C2F6 C2HBr C2HBrClF3 C2HBrClF3 C2HCl C2HClF2 C2HCl2F C2HCl2F3 C2HCl3 C2HCl3O C2HCl3O C2HCl3O2 C2HCl5 C2HF C2HF3 C2HF3O2 C2HF5 C2H2 C2H2BrF3 C2H2Br2 C2H2Br2 C2H2Br2Cl2 C2H2Br4 C2H2ClF3 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl2 C2H2Cl2O C2H2Cl2O2 C2H2Cl3NO C2H2Cl4 C2H2Cl4 C2H2F2 C2H2F2 C2H2F3I C2H2I2 C2H2O C2H2O2 C2H2O4 C2H2O4Sr C2H2S C2H3Br C2H3BrO C2H3BrO2 C2H3Cl C2H3ClF2 C2H3ClO C2H3ClO2
Name Chlorotrifluoroethene Chloropentafluoroethane 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2tetrafluoroethane Oxalyl chloride 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2trifluoroethane Trichloroacetonitrile Tetrachloroethene 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2difluoroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2difluoroethane Trichloroacetyl chloride Hexachloroethane Trifluoroacetonitrile Tetrafluoroethene Hexafluoroethane Bromoacetylene 1-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,2trifluoroethane 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1trifluoroethane Chloroacetylene 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene 1,1-Dichloro-2-fluoroethene 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Trichloroethene Trichloroacetaldehyde Dichloroacetyl chloride Trichloroacetic acid Pentachloroethane Fluoroacetylene Trifluoroethene Trifluoroacetic acid Pentafluoroethane Acetylene 2-Bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane cis-1,2-Dibromoethene trans-1,2-Dibromoethene 1,2-Dibromo-1,2-dichloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane 1,1-Dichloroethene cis-1,2-Dichloroethene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Chloroacetyl chloride Dichloroacetic acid 2,2,2-Trichloroacetamide 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1-Difluoroethene cis-1,2-Difluoroethene 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-iodoethane cis-1,2-Diiodoethene Ketene Glyoxal Oxalic acid Strontium formate Thiirene Bromoethene Acetyl bromide Bromoacetic acid Chloroethene 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane Acetyl chloride Chloroacetic acid
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-21 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-522.7
fH° kJ/mol
-960.2
111.7
-505.5 -1118.8 -937.0
-367.6 -745.0
170.1
-335.8 -716.8
-50.6
3.0
266.9
143.4
-10.9 -489.9
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
322.1
83.9 184.2
336.6
96.1
382.9
123.4
298.1 300.1 332.3 253.7
77.9 80.5 106.7 55.7
242.0 303.0 313.9 352.8 324.8
54.3 72.1 76.5 102.5 80.3
231.7
52.4
200.9
44.0
311.3 313.5
68.8 70.3
326.5 289.0 289.6 290.0
89.1 67.1 65.1 66.7
356.0 362.8 266.2 268.3
102.7 100.8 60.1 58.2
-48.3 -189.7 -662.7
247.6 272.5 320.6
51.8 60.6 86.2
-523.8
-407.0
173.6 -280.8 -202.8
237.3
-239.8 -143.6 -497.9 -658.9 -1344.2
198.2
-820.5
-675.3
-644.8
-720.0
-690.4
-315.5
-43.6 -234.5 -280.4
228.4
124.4 151.0
-9.0 -196.6 -241.0
173.8
-142.0
-289.1
-503.3 -187.6
-490.5 -1031.4 -1100.4 227.4 -694.5
-1069.9
209.9
-36.9 165.7 -23.9 -26.4 -24.3 -283.7 -496.3
24.1 27.3
201.5 198.4 195.9
111.3 116.4 116.8
2.8 4.6 5.0 -244.8
246.9
162.3
-149.2 -335.0
25.4 28.6
-358.0 -195.0
-829.9 -1393.3
-94.1
109.8
-67.9 91.0
-644.5 -207.4 -47.5 -212.0 -731.8
275.8 81.8
255.3 275.8
54.7 55.5
-223.5 59.4
300.0 79.2 -190.4 -383.5 37.2
-338.3 53.6
-242.8 -427.6
-205.8 -368.5
337.0 264.0 307.2 295.1 325.9
80.5 53.7 82.5 67.8 78.8
14.6 -272.9
-509.7
-208.0
200.8
117.0
5-22
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
C2H3Cl2F C2H3Cl3 C2H3Cl3 C2H3F C2H3FO C2H3F3 C2H3F3 C2H3F3O C2H3I C2H3IO C2H3KO2 C2H3N C2H3N C2H3NO C2H3NO2 C2H3NO3 C2H3NS C2H3NaO2 C2H4 C2H4BrCl C2H4Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H4ClF C2H4Cl2 C2H4Cl2 C2H4F2 C2H4I2 C2H4N2O2 C2H4N2O2 C2H4N2O4 C2H4N2O4 C2H4N2S2 C2H4N4 C2H4O C2H4O C2H4OS C2H4O2 C2H4O2 C2H4O3 C2H4O3 C2H4S C2H4Si C2H5Br C2H5Cl C2H5ClO C2H5F C2H5I C2H5N C2H5NO C2H5NO C2H5NO2 C2H5NO2 C2H5NO3 C2H5NO3 C2H5NS C2H6 C2H6Cd C2H6Hg C2H6N2O C2H6N4O2 C2H6N4O2 C2H6O C2H6O C2H6OS C2H6O2 C2H6O2S
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Fluoroethene Acetyl fluoride 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane 1,1,2-Trifluoroethane 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol Iodoethene Acetyl iodide Potassium acetate Acetonitrile Isocyanomethane Methyl isocyanate Nitroethene Oxamic acid Methyl isothiocyanate Sodium acetate Ethylene 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane 1,1-Dibromoethane 1,2-Dibromoethane 1-Chloro-1-fluoroethane 1,1-Dichloroethane 1,2-Dichloroethane 1,1-Difluoroethane 1,2-Diiodoethane Oxamide Ethanedial dioxime 1,1-Dinitroethane 1,2-Dinitroethane Ethanedithioamide 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine Acetaldehyde Oxirane Thioacetic acid Acetic acid Methyl formate Peroxyacetic acid Glycolic acid Thiirane Ethynylsilane Bromoethane Chloroethane 2-Chloroethanol Fluoroethane Iodoethane Ethyleneimine Acetamide N-Methylformamide Nitroethane Glycine 2-Nitroethanol Ethyl nitrate Thioacetamide Ethane Dimethyl cadmium Dimethyl mercury N-Methylurea 1,2-Hydrazinedicarboxamide Oxalyl dihydrazide Ethanol Dimethyl ether Dimethyl sulfoxide Ethylene glycol Dimethyl sulfone
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
-177.4 -190.8
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
227.4 232.6
144.3 150.9
fH° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
320.2 323.1 337.2
88.7 93.3 89.0
279.9
78.2
285.0
57.9
243.4 246.9
52.2 52.9
300.5
73.7
219.3
42.9
327.7
80.8
-70.8
305.1 308.4 282.5
76.2 78.7 67.8
-166.2 -52.6 -175.1 -432.2 -357.4
-133.0 -13.0
263.8 242.5
55.3 47.9
-374.2
283.5 285.3
-583.0 82.0
-504.9 96.8
63.4 64.4 82.4 87.1 53.3 72.6 64.5 62.8
-932.4
-144.4 -151.3 -138.8 -442.1 -744.6 -730.7 -888.4
-163.5
-126.4
-467.2
fG° kJ/mol
-723.0 40.6 130.8 -92.0 -661.2 79.4 -708.8
86.5 159.5
149.6 159.0
91.5
74.0 163.5
91.9 165.7
33.3 -552.3 -607.2
123.0
79.9 52.4
68.4
130.1 -66.2 -79.2 -158.4 -166.8
-73.8
223.3
136.0
211.8
126.3 128.4
9.3 -504.4 -90.5
-37.5 -313.4 -127.7 -126.4 -497.0 75.0 -387.1
-148.2 -165.2 -20.8 76.8
83.0 -192.2 -78.0 -216.9 -484.3 -386.1
-127.6 -11.8
160.2 153.9
89.0 88.0
-389.9
159.8
123.3 119.1
-90.5 -136.8 -295.4
-25.8 -59.3
198.7 190.8
100.8 104.3
-61.9 -112.1
-23.9 -60.4
318.6 255.2 269.4 286.7 276.0
-40.0 91.9
14.7
211.7
115.1
-8.1 126.5 -238.3
19.2
264.5 306.0
58.6 66.9
320.5
79.0
-32.0 146.9 146.1
229.2 303.0 306.0
52.5 83.3
-167.9 -112.6
281.6 266.4
65.6 64.4
-272.7
303.8 310.6
82.7 100.0
51.6
-317.0
115.0
91.3 123.8 134.4
-143.9 -528.5 -350.7 -190.4 -71.7 63.6 59.8
139.0 140.3
201.9 209.0
132.0
-277.6 -203.3 -204.2 -460.0
-174.8
160.7
112.3
-99.9
188.3 163.2
153.0 148.6
-103.8 -392.1 -154.1 11.4 -84.0 101.6 94.4
-332.8 -498.7 -295.2
-450.1
-302.4
142.0
-234.8 -184.1 -151.3 -392.2 -373.1
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
C2H6O3S C2H6O4S C2H6S C2H6S C2H6S2 C2H6S2 C2H6Zn C2H7N C2H7N C2H7NO C2H8ClN C2H8N2 C2H8N2 C2H8N2 C2H8N2O4 C2HgO4 C2I2 C2I4 C2K2O4 C2MgO4 C2N2 C2N4O6 C2Na2O4 C2O4Pb C3F8 C3H2N2 C3H2O2 C3H2O3 C3H3Cl3 C3H3F3 C3H3N C3H3NO C3H3NO C3H4 C3H4 C3H4 C3H4Cl2 C3H4Cl4 C3H4Cl4 C3H4F4O C3H4N2 C3H4N2 C3H4O C3H4O2 C3H4O2 C3H4O2 C3H4O3 C3H5Br C3H5Br C3H5BrO C3H5Cl C3H5Cl C3H5ClO C3H5ClO2 C3H5ClO2 C3H5ClO2 C3H5ClO2 C3H5Cl3 C3H5I C3H5IO C3H5IO2 C3H5N C3H5N C3H5N C3H5NO C3H5NO3
Dimethyl sulfite Dimethyl sulfate Ethanethiol Dimethyl sulfide 1,2-Ethanedithiol Dimethyl disulfide Dimethyl zinc Ethylamine Dimethylamine Ethanolamine Dimethylamine hydrochloride 1,2-Ethanediamine 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine Ammonium oxalate Mercury(II) oxalate Diiodoacetylene Tetraiodoethene Potassium oxalate Magnesium oxalate Cyanogen Trinitroacetonitrile Sodium oxalate Lead(II) oxalate Perfluoropropane Malononitrile 2-Propynoic acid 1,3-Dioxol-2-one 1,2,3-Trichloropropene 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene Acrylonitrile Oxazole Isoxazole Allene Propyne Cyclopropene 2,3-Dichloropropene 1,1,1,3-Tetrachloropropane 1,2,2,3-Tetrachloropropane 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol 1H-Pyrazole Imidazole Acrolein 1,2-Propanedione Acrylic acid 2-Oxetanone Ethylene carbonate cis-1-Bromopropene 3-Bromopropene Bromoacetone 2-Chloropropene 3-Chloropropene Epichlorohydrin 2-Chloropropanoic acid 3-Chloropropanoic acid Ethyl chloroformate Methyl chloroacetate 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 3-Iodopropene Iodoacetone 3-Iodopropanoic acid Propanenitrile 2-Propyn-1-amine Ethyl isocyanide Acrylamide Nitroacetone
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-23 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol -523.6 -735.5 -73.6 -65.3 -54.3 -62.6 23.4 -74.1 -43.9
fG° kJ/mol
-5.5
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
207.0 196.4
117.9 118.1
235.4 201.6
146.1 129.2 130.0 137.7 195.5
70.0
182.3
206.4
198.0
fH° kJ/mol -483.4 -687.0 -46.1 -37.4 -9.7 -24.7 53.0 -47.5 -18.8
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-4.8
296.2 286.0
72.7 74.1
36.3 68.5
283.8 273.1
71.5 70.7
313.1
70.3
241.9
56.8
-289.3 -63.0 48.9 52.7 -1123.0 -678.2
172.6 164.1
-18.0 84.1 92.2
226.0
305.0 -1346.0 -1269.0 285.9 183.7
306.7 -1318.0
-851.4
-750.1
146.0
105.4 -1783.2 265.5
186.4 -193.2 -459.9 -101.8
-418.6 -614.2 180.6 -15.5 78.6 190.5 184.9 277.1
147.1 -48.0 42.1
-73.3 -208.7 -251.8 -1114.9 105.4 49.8
-1061.3 179.4 132.9
81.0
71.3 -309.1 -383.8 -329.9 -682.8 7.9 12.2
-148.4 -522.5
-271.0 175.3
145.7 122.1 133.9
125.1 131.6
-282.9 -508.4 40.8 45.2 -181.0 -21.0 -107.8 -475.8
-549.3 -505.3 -487.0 -230.6 53.7
183.6
-462.9 -444.0 -182.9 91.5 -130.5
119.3
51.7
-460.0
-212.1
110.6
15.5 205.7 108.6 -224.0 -278.6
141.7 -130.2
5-24
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C3H5NO4 C3H5N3O9 C3H6 C3H6 C3H6Br2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2 C3H6Cl2O C3H6Cl2O C3H6I2 C3H6I2 C3H6N2O2 C3H6N2O2 C3H6N2O4 C3H6N2O4 C3H6N2O4 C3H6N6O6 C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2 C3H6O2S C3H6O3 C3H6S C3H6S C3H6S2 C3H6S2 C3H6S3 C3H7Br C3H7Br C3H7Cl C3H7Cl C3H7ClO2 C3H7ClO2 C3H7F C3H7F C3H7I C3H7I C3H7N C3H7N C3H7NO C3H7NO C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2 C3H7NO2S C3H7NO3 C3H7NO3 C3H7NO3 C3H7NO3 C3H8 C3H8N2O C3H8N2O C3H8N2O
Name Methyl nitroacetate Trinitroglycerol Propene Cyclopropane 1,2-Dibromopropane 1,2-Dichloropropane, (±) 1,3-Dichloropropane 2,2-Dichloropropane 2,3-Dichloro-1-propanol 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol 1,2-Diiodopropane 1,3-Diiodopropane Propanediamide N-(Aminocarbonyl)acetamide 1,1-Dinitropropane 1,3-Dinitropropane 2,2-Dinitropropane Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5triazine Allyl alcohol Propanal Acetone Methyloxirane Oxetane Propanoic acid Ethyl formate Methyl acetate 1,3-Dioxolane Thiolactic acid 1,3,5-Trioxane Thietane Methylthiirane 1,2-Dithiolane 1,3-Dithiolane 1,3,5-Trithiane 1-Bromopropane 2-Bromopropane 1-Chloropropane 2-Chloropropane 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol 2-Chloro-1,3-propanediol 1-Fluoropropane 2-Fluoropropane 1-Iodopropane 2-Iodopropane Allylamine Cyclopropylamine N,N-Dimethylformamide Propanamide 1-Nitropropane 2-Nitropropane Ethyl carbamate DL-Alanine D-Alanine L-Alanine β-Alanine Sarcosine L-Cysteine Propyl nitrate Isopropyl nitrate DL-Serine L-Serine Propane N-Ethylurea N,N-Dimethylurea N,N'-Dimethylurea
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-464.0 -370.9 4.0 35.2 -113.6 -198.8 -199.9 -205.8 -381.5 -385.3
Cp J/mol K
149.1
fH° kJ/mol -279.1 20.0 53.3 -71.6 -162.8 -159.2 -173.2 -316.3 -318.4 35.6
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
545.9
234.2
237.5
55.6
482.4
230.2
304.5 295.3 286.9
80.7 74.5 72.6
324.4
86.0
107.1
285.0
68.3
47.7 54.7 130.4
313.5 323.3 336.4
86.5 84.7 111.3
350.0
104.1
362.6
123.2
270.3
73.6
104.5
-9.0 -546.1 -544.2
-441.2 -100.7
-163.2 -207.1 -181.2
192.0 -171.8 -215.6 -248.4 -123.0 -110.8 -510.7
138.9 199.8 196.5
126.3 120.4
191.0
152.8 149.3 141.9 118.0
-445.9 -333.5 -468.4 -522.5
133.0
111.4 24.7 11.3
-285.9 -293.5 -30.0 -40.3 187.7
147.1 150.6
-338.2
-517.1 -563.6 -561.2 -604.0 -558.0 -513.3 -534.1
156.4
-167.2 -180.3 -497.3
-152.7
-413.3 -298.0 -465.9 60.6 45.8 0.0 10.0 80.0 -87.0 -99.4 -131.9 -144.9
184.9
-121.9 -130.5 -160.5 -172.3 -525.3 -517.5
-66.0 -74.8 -10.0 45.8 -239.3
-124.5 -185.6 -217.1 -94.7 -80.5 -455.7
170.3
77.0 -192.4 -259.0 -124.3 -138.9 -446.3
-465.9 -424.0 -367.3 -214.5 -229.7
-174.1 -191.0
-120.9
-103.8
-739.0 -732.7 -357.8 -319.1 -312.1
-23.4
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
C3H8N2O3 C3H8O C3H8O C3H8O C3H8O2 C3H8O2 C3H8O2 C3H8O2 C3H8O3 C3H8S C3H8S C3H8S C3H8S2 C3H9Al C3H9B C3H9BO3 C3H9ClSi C3H9N C3H9N C3H9N C3H10ClN C3H10ClN C3H10N2 C3H10Si C3H12BN C3H12BN C4Cl6 C4F8 C4F10 C4H2N2 C4H2O3 C4H2O4 C4H3NO3 C4H4BrNO2 C4H4ClNO2 C4H4N2 C4H4N2 C4H4N2 C4H4N2 C4H4N2O2 C4H4N2O3 C4H4O C4H4O2 C4H4O3 C4H4O4 C4H4O4 C4H4S C4H5N C4H5N C4H5N C4H5N C4H5N C4H5NO2 C4H5NS C4H5N3O C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6 C4H6N2O2 C4H6O C4H6O C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O2
Oxymethurea 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Ethyl methyl ether 1,2-Propylene glycol 1,3-Propylene glycol Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether Dimethoxymethane Glycerol 1-Propanethiol 2-Propanethiol Ethyl methyl sulfide 1,3-Propanedithiol Trimethyl aluminum Trimethylborane Trimethyl borate Trimethylchlorosilane Propylamine Isopropylamine Trimethylamine Propylamine hydrochloride Trimethylamine hydrochloride 1,2-Propanediamine, (±) Trimethylsilane Trimethylamine borane Aminetrimethylboron Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene Perfluorocyclobutane Perfluorobutane trans-2-Butenedinitrile Maleic anhydride 2-Butynedioic acid 2-Nitrofuran N-Bromosuccinimide N-Chlorosuccinimide Succinonitrile Pyrazine Pyrimidine Pyridazine Uracil Barbituric acid Furan Diketene Succinic anhydride Maleic acid Fumaric acid Thiophene trans-2-Butenenitrile 3-Butenenitrile 2-Methylacrylonitrile Pyrrole Cyclopropanecarbonitrile Succinimide 4-Methylthiazole Cytosine 1,2-Butadiene 1,3-Butadiene 1-Butyne 2-Butyne Cyclobutene 2,5-Piperazinedione Divinyl ether trans-2-Butenal trans-2-Butenoic acid Methacrylic acid Vinyl acetate
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-25 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
193.6 181.1
143.9 156.5
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
322.6 309.2 309.2
85.6 89.3 93.3
-35.9
314.7
88.5
-243.5 39.9 32.2
369.1 325.4 312.2 287.1
91.2 97.5 91.8
331.0
117.9
267.2
65.4
278.8
72.8
-717.0 -302.6 -318.1 -501.0 -480.8 -377.8 -669.6 -99.9 -105.9 -91.6 -79.4 -136.4 -143.1
190.8
244.0 206.3 242.5 233.5 239.1 -9.9 -32.1
209.4 238.9
171.1 162.0 218.9 144.6 145.3 144.6 155.6
-255.1 -272.6 -216.4 -429.8 -408.0 -348.5 -577.9 -67.8 -76.2 -59.6 -29.8 -74.1 -124.3
189.9 -382.8 -101.5 -112.3 -45.7
-246.4
278.2 218.3 208.5
164.1 163.8 137.9
-352.8 -70.1 -83.7 -23.6
-354.7 -282.9 -97.8 -142.5 -284.1
70.7 -79.3
-53.6
187.0 218.0 -24.5 -1542.6 127.2
268.2 -469.8 -577.3 -104.1 -335.9 -357.9 139.7 139.8
340.2 -398.3 -28.8
191.6
145.6
209.7 196.1 195.7 278.3 -302.9
145.9 224.9 -429.4 -634.7
-608.6 -789.4 -811.7
120.5
160.8 168.0
-62.3 -233.1
177.0
114.8
80.2 95.1 117.8
181.2
123.8
63.1 140.8
156.4
126.3 127.7
199.0
123.6
137.0 142.0
-459.0 67.9 -221.3
-34.8 -190.3 -527.9 -679.4 -675.8 114.9 134.3 159.7 108.2 182.8 -375.4 111.8
132.6 138.6 88.5 141.4 119.1
162.3 110.0 165.2 145.7 156.7
-446.5 -39.8 -138.7
-13.6 -100.6 161.1
-349.2
-314.4
126.1
5-26
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
C4H6O2 C4H6O2 C4H6O3 C4H6O3 C4H6O4 C4H6O4 C4H6S C4H6S C4H7ClO C4H7ClO2 C4H7ClO2 C4H7ClO2 C4H7ClO2 C4H7N C4H7N C4H7NO C4H7NO C4H7NO C4H7NO4 C4H7NO4 C4H7NO4 C4H7N3O C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8 C4H8Br2 C4H8Br2 C4H8Br2 C4H8Br2 C4H8Br2 C4H8Cl2 C4H8Cl2 C4H8Cl2O C4H8I2 C4H8N2O2 C4H8N2O2 C4H8N2O3 C4H8N2O3 C4H8N2O4 C4H8N8O8 C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8O C4H8OS C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2 C4H8O2S C4H8S C4H8S2 C4H8S2 C4H9Br C4H9Br C4H9Br C4H9Cl
Methyl acrylate γ-Butyrolactone Acetic anhydride Propylene carbonate Succinic acid Dimethyl oxalate 2,3-Dihydrothiophene 2,5-Dihydrothiophene 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 2-Chlorobutanoic acid 3-Chlorobutanoic acid 4-Chlorobutanoic acid Propyl chlorocarbonate Butanenitrile 2-Methylpropanenitrile Acetone cyanohydrin 2-Pyrrolidone 2-Methyl-2-oxazoline Iminodiacetic acid Ethyl nitroacetate L-Aspartic acid Creatinine 1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Isobutene Cyclobutane Methylcyclopropane 1,2-Dibromobutane 1,3-Dibromobutane 1,4-Dibromobutane 2,3-Dibromobutane 1,2-Dibromo-2-methylpropane 1,3-Dichlorobutane 1,4-Dichlorobutane Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 1,4-Diiodobutane Succinamide Dimethylglyoxime L-Asparagine N-Glycylglycine 1,4-Dinitrobutane Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine Ethyl vinyl ether 1,2-Epoxybutane Butanal Isobutanal 2-Butanone Tetrahydrofuran S-Ethyl thioacetate Butanoic acid 2-Methylpropanoic acid Propyl formate Ethyl acetate Methyl propanoate 1,3-Dioxane 1,4-Dioxane 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane Sulfolane Tetrahydrothiophene 1,3-Dithiane 1,4-Dithiane 1-Bromobutane 2-Bromobutane, (±) 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane 1-Chlorobutane
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol -362.2 -420.9 -624.4 -613.2
-940.5 -756.3
167.3
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
239.5
158.8 141.4 218.6
153.1 52.9 47.0 -208.1 -575.5 -556.3 -566.3 -533.4 -5.8 -13.8 -120.9 -286.2 -169.5
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
303.5 297.1
79.8 83.3
187.9 -140.8
568.8
275.5
-204.8 -215.7 -238.5 -184.1 -228.1 -475.9
343.7
103.4
339.9 302.4
101.7 76.3
309.6 333.5 326.2
92.5 110.4 109.7
-333.0 -366.5 -572.5 -582.5 -823.0 -708.9 90.7 86.9 -170.1
133.5 131.6
-492.7 33.6 23.4
-130.5
-932.6 -487.1 -973.3 -238.5 -20.8 -29.8 -33.3 -37.5 3.7 1.7 -142.1 -148.0 -140.3 -139.6 -156.6 -237.3 -229.8
227.0 219.9
118.0 127.0
0.1 -7.1 -11.4 -16.9 27.7 -91.6 -87.8 -102.0 -113.3 -195.0 -183.4
220.9 -30.0 -581.2 -199.7 -789.4 -747.7 -237.5 -167.4 -168.9 -239.2 -247.3 -273.3 -216.2 -268.2 -533.8 -500.3 -479.3 -379.7 -353.9 -386.9
230.9 246.6
147.0 163.7
239.1 204.3
158.7 124.0
222.2
178.6 173.0
257.7
170.7 171.2 143.9 152.1
270.2
-462.7 -443.6 -340.6 -315.3 -352.0
180.0 -72.9
-143.8 -154.9 -164.4 -188.1
-34.1 -10.0 0.0 -107.1 -120.3 -132.4 -154.4
45.8 72.4 84.5
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C4H9Cl C4H9ClO C4H9I C4H9I C4H9N C4H9N C4H9NO C4H9NO C4H9NO C4H9NO C4H9NO C4H9NO2 C4H9NO2 C4H9NO2 C4H9NO2 C4H9NO3 C4H9NO3 C4H9NO3 C4H9NO3 C4H9N3O2 C4H10 C4H10 C4H10Hg C4H10N2 C4H10N2O C4H10N2O2 C4H10N2O4 C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10O C4H10OS C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O2 C4H10O3 C4H10O3S C4H10O4S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S C4H10S2 C4H10S2 C4H11N C4H11N C4H11N C4H11N C4H11N C4H11NO C4H11NO2 C4H11NO3
2-Chlorobutane 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane 2-Chloroethyl ethyl ether 1-Iodo-2-methylpropane 2-Iodo-2-methylpropane Cyclobutanamine Pyrrolidine Butanamide N-Methylpropanamide 2-Methylpropanamide N,N-Dimethylacetamide Morpholine 1-Nitrobutane 2-Nitroisobutane Propyl carbamate 4-Aminobutanoic acid 3-Nitro-2-butanol 2-Methyl-2-nitro-1-propanol DL-Threonine L-Threonine Creatine Butane Isobutane Diethyl mercury Piperazine Trimethylurea N-Nitrodiethylamine L-Asparagine, monohydrate 1-Butanol 2-Butanol 2-Methyl-1-propanol 2-Methyl-2-propanol Diethyl ether Methyl propyl ether Isopropyl methyl ether Diethyl sulfoxide 1,2-Butanediol, (±) 1,3-Butanediol 1,4-Butanediol 2,3-Butanediol 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether Dimethylacetal tert-Butyl hydroperoxide Diethylene glycol Diethyl sulfite Diethyl sulfate 1-Butanethiol 2-Butanethiol 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol Diethyl sulfide Methyl propyl sulfide Isopropyl methyl sulfide 1,4-Butanedithiol Diethyl disulfide Butylamine sec-Butylamine tert-Butylamine Isobutylamine Diethylamine N,N-Dimethylethanolamine Diethanolamine Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
5-27 Liquid
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-192.8 -191.1 -211.3 -335.6
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
369.9
115.1
359.5
112.7
326.7 342.7
113.6 119.5
368.1
117.0
-161.1 -159.3 -182.2 -301.3 162.3
-107.5 5.6 -41.1
204.1
156.6
-364.8
-72.1 41.2 -3.6 -282.0
179.0 -368.6 -278.3
175.6 164.8
-192.5 -217.2
-282.6 -228.0 -143.9 -177.1 -471.4 -441.0
-552.6 -581.0 -390.0 -410.1 -758.8 -807.2 -537.2 -147.3 -154.2 30.1
140.9 182.8
-125.7 -134.2 75.3
-45.6 -330.5 -106.2
-53.0
-1086.6 -327.3 -342.6 -334.7 -359.2 -279.5 -266.0 -278.8 -268.0 -523.6 -501.0 -505.3 -541.5 -539.7 -376.6 -420.6 -293.6 -628.5 -600.7 -813.2 -124.7 -131.0 -132.0 -140.5 -119.4 -118.5 -124.7 -105.7 -120.1 -127.6 -137.5 -150.6 -132.6 -103.7 -253.7 -493.8 -717.8
233.5
225.8 214.9 214.7 193.3 172.4 262.9 253.8
177.2 196.9 181.5 218.6 175.6 165.4 161.9
223.4
200.1 213.0
-274.9 -292.8 -283.8 -312.5 -252.1 -238.1 -252.0 -205.6 -433.2 -428.7 -482.3
210.8 193.3
244.8
171.2
269.3 272.5 263.1
171.4 171.6 172.4
269.3
171.4 179.2 192.1 183.2 169.2
-389.7 -245.9 -571.2 -552.2 -756.3 -88.0 -96.9 -97.3 -109.6 -83.5 -82.2 -90.5 -50.6 -79.4 -91.9 -104.6 -121.0 -98.7 -72.2 -203.6 -397.1
5-28
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C4H12BrN C4H12ClN C4H12ClN C4H12IN C4H12N2 C4H12Pb C4H12Si C4H12Sn C4H13N3 C4N2 C4NiO4 C5FeO5 C5H2F6O2 C5H3NO5 C5H4N4 C5H4N4O C5H4N4O2 C5H4N4O3 C5H4O2 C5H4O3 C5H4O3 C5H5F3O2 C5H5N C5H5NO C5H5N5 C5H5N5O C5H6 C5H6 C5H6 C5H6N2O2 C5H6O2 C5H6O4 C5H6S C5H6S C5H7N C5H7N C5H7N C5H7N C5H7N C5H7NO2 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8 C5H8N4O12 C5H8O C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O2 C5H8O3 C5H8O4 C5H9ClO2 C5H9N C5H9N
Name Tetramethylammonium bromide Diethylamine hydrochloride Tetramethylammonium chloride Tetramethylammonium iodide 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediamine Tetramethyl lead Tetramethylsilane Tetramethylstannane Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine 2-Butynedinitrile Nickel carbonyl Iron pentacarbonyl Hexafluoroacetylacetone 5-Nitro-2-furancarboxylic acid 1H-Purine Hypoxanthine Xanthine Uric acid Furfural 2-Furancarboxylic acid 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione Pyridine 1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde Adenine Guanine cis-3-Penten-1-yne trans-3-Penten-1-yne 1,3-Cyclopentadiene Thymine Furfuryl alcohol trans-1-Propene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 2-Methylthiophene 3-Methylthiophene trans-3-Pentenenitrile Cyclobutanecarbonitrile 1-Methylpyrrole 2-Methylpyrrole 3-Methylpyrrole Ethyl cyanoacetate 1,2-Pentadiene cis-1,3-Pentadiene trans-1,3-Pentadiene 1,4-Pentadiene 2,3-Pentadiene 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene Cyclopentene Spiropentane Methylenecyclobutane Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Cyclopentanone 4-Pentenoic acid Allyl acetate Ethyl acrylate Methyl trans-2-butenoate Methyl methacrylate 2,4-Pentanedione Dihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-furanone Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one Methyl acetoacetate Glutaric acid Propyl chloroacetate Pentanenitrile 2,2-Dimethylpropanenitrile
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-99.9
359.0
143.9
-587.2
410.6
145.2
614.7
294.8
-251.0 -358.6 -276.4 -203.9 -133.9 97.9 -264.0 -52.3
-100.0
277.3
204.1
-90.3 135.9 -239.1 -18.8
254.0 500.4 -633.0 -774.0 -2286.7 -516.8 169.4 -110.8 -379.6 -618.8
145.6 161.1 173.2
-588.2 -705.3
313.4 338.1
204.6 240.6
134.5 151.3 166.1 -201.6
163.2
-504.5 -1040.2 100.2
132.7
-498.4
-106.4 96.9 -183.9
147.0
-151.0 -390.0 -447.2 -993.3 140.4 205.7
226.5 228.2 105.9 -462.8
529.2 -602.9
150.8 -276.2
204.0
134.3 -328.7 -211.8
-824.4 44.6 43.1 80.9 103.0 62.4 23.3 20.5
218.5
149.8
83.5 82.5 125.7 147.4 103.1 74.0 70.2
220.2 140.7 81.4 76.1 105.7 133.1 101.2 48.2 4.3 157.5 93.8
229.3 201.2 193.7
152.6 122.4 134.5
-538.6 -235.9 -430.6
75.5 34.0 185.2 121.6 -387.0 -192.1
184.1 -370.6 -382.9
-354.2 -341.9 191.2
-423.8 -461.3 -436.7 -623.2
-382.0 -406.5 -379.6
-515.5 -33.1 -39.8
-467.0 10.5 -2.3
-960.0
232.0
179.4
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula C5H9N C5H9NO C5H9NO C5H9NO2 C5H9NO4 C5H9NO4 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10 C5H10Br2 C5H10N2O C5H10N2O2 C5H10N2O3 C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10O C5H10OS C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O2 C5H10O3 C5H10O3 C5H10O3 C5H10O4 C5H10O5 C5H10O5 C5H10O5 C5H10S C5H10S C5H11Br C5H11Cl C5H11Cl C5H11Cl C5H11Cl C5H11N C5H11N C5H11NO C5H11NO C5H11NO2 C5H11NO2 C5H11NO2
Name 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridine 2-Piperidinone N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone L-Proline D-Glutamic acid L-Glutamic acid 1-Pentene cis-2-Pentene trans-2-Pentene 2-Methyl-1-butene 3-Methyl-1-butene 2-Methyl-2-butene Cyclopentane Methylcyclobutane Ethylcyclopropane 1,1-Dimethylcyclopropane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopropane 2,3-Dibromo-2-methylbutane N-Nitrosopiperidine N-Nitropiperidine L-Glutamine Cyclopentanol Pentanal 2-Pentanone 3-Pentanone 3-Methyl-2-butanone 3,3-Dimethyloxetane Tetrahydropyran S-Propyl thioacetate Pentanoic acid 2-Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methylbutanoic acid 2,2-Dimethylpropanoic acid Butyl formate Propyl acetate Isopropyl acetate Ethyl propanoate Methyl butanoate (Ethoxymethyl)oxirane 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxane cis-1,2-Cyclopentanediol trans-1,2-Cyclopentanediol Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Diethyl carbonate Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Ethyl lactate Glycerol 1-acetate, (DL) D-Ribose D-Xylose α-D-Arabinopyranose Thiacyclohexane Cyclopentanethiol 1-Bromopentane 1-Chloropentane 1-Chloro-3-methylbutane 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane 2-Chloro-3-methylbutane Cyclopentylamine Piperidine Pentanamide 2,2-Dimethylpropanamide 1-Nitropentane DL-Valine L-Valine
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
5-29 Liquid
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
33.5 -306.6 -262.2
307.8
-515.2 -1005.3 -1009.7
-366.2
-46.9 -53.7 -58.2 -61.1 -51.5 -68.6 -105.1 -44.5 -24.8 -33.3 -26.3 -30.7
262.6 258.6 256.5 254.0 253.3 251.0 204.5
154.0 151.7 157.0 157.2 156.1 152.8 128.8
-21.1 -27.6 -31.9 -35.2 -27.5 -41.7 -76.4
-8.2
-137.6 16.6 -44.5
-31.1 -93.0 -826.4 -300.1 -267.2 -297.3 -296.5 -299.5 -182.2 -258.3 -294.5 -559.4 -554.5 -561.6
204.1
182.5
266.0 268.5
184.1 190.9 179.9
259.8
210.3
-242.5 -228.4 -258.8 -257.9 -262.6 -148.2 -223.4 -250.4 -491.9
362.9
-510.0 -491.3
-564.5 200.2 196.2 199.4
-518.9 -502.7
-481.6 -463.4
198.2 -296.5 -416.1
-376.9
-435.7 -681.5
-369.1 -637.9
-485.0 -490.1
310.0 254.0 -909.2 -1047.2 -1057.8 -1057.9 -106.3 -89.5 -170.2 -213.2 -216.0 -235.7 -226.6 -95.1 -86.4 -379.5 -399.7 -215.4 -628.9 -617.9
218.2 256.9
163.3 165.2
241.0 210.0
181.2 179.9
-63.5 -48.1 -128.9 -174.9 -179.7 -202.2 -185.1 -54.9 -47.1 -290.2 -313.1 -164.4 -455.1
53.1
323.0
109.7
390.9
137.1
5-30
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C5H11NO2 C5H11NO2S C5H11NO4 C5H12 C5H12 C5H12 C5H12N2O C5H12N2O C5H12N2O C5H12N2O C5H12N2S C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O C5H12O2 C5H12O2 C5H12O2 C5H12O2 C5H12O2 C5H12O3 C5H12O3 C5H12O4 C5H12O5 C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H12S C5H13N C5H14N2 C6ClF5 C6Cl6 C6F6 C6F10 C6F12 C6HCl5O C6HF5 C6HF5O C6H2F4 C6H3Cl3 C6H3Cl3 C6H3Cl3 C6H3N3O6 C6H3N3O7 C6H3N3O8 C6H4ClNO2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2 C6H4Cl2O C6H4F2 C6H4F2
Name 5-Aminopentanoic acid L-Methionine 2-Ethyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol Pentane Isopentane Neopentane Butylurea tert-Butylurea N,N-Diethylurea Tetramethylurea Tetramethylthiourea 1-Pentanol 2-Pentanol 3-Pentanol 2-Methyl-1-butanol, (±) 3-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-2-butanol 3-Methyl-2-butanol, (±) 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol Butyl methyl ether Methyl tert-butyl ether Ethyl propyl ether 1,5-Pentanediol 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-propanediol Diethoxymethane 1,1-Dimethoxypropane 2,2-Dimethoxypropane Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-1,3propanediol Pentaerythritol Xylitol 1-Pentanethiol 2-Methyl-1-butanethiol, (+) 3-Methyl-1-butanethiol 2-Methyl-2-butanethiol 3-Methyl-2-butanethiol 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanethiol Butyl methyl sulfide tert-Butyl methyl sulfide Ethyl propyl sulfide Ethyl isopropyl sulfide Pentylamine N,N,N',N'Tetramethylmethanediamine Chloropentafluorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene Hexafluorobenzene Perfluorocyclohexene Perfluorocyclohexane Pentachlorophenol Pentafluorobenzene Pentafluorophenol 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol 2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-benzenediol 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene m-Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorobenzene 2,4-Dichlorophenol o-Difluorobenzene m-Difluorobenzene
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-604.1 -577.5 -606.4
fH° kJ/mol -460.0 -413.5
-173.5 -178.4 -190.2
260.4
167.2 164.8
-146.9 -153.6 -168.0
-419.5 -417.4 -372.2 -262.2 -38.1 -351.6 -365.2 -368.9 -356.6 -356.4 -379.5 -366.6 -399.4 -290.6 -313.6 -303.6 -528.8
208.1 239.7
247.1
295.3 265.3 295.0
192.7 187.5 197.2
44.9 -294.6 -311.0 -314.9 -301.4 -300.7 -329.3 -313.5 -258.1 -283.7 -272.0 -450.8
-551.2 -450.5 -443.6 -459.4
-414.7 -429.9 271.1
-744.6 -920.6 -1118.5
-776.7 -151.3 -154.4 -154.4 -162.8 -158.8 -165.4 -142.9 -157.1 -144.8 -156.1
290.1
198.1
307.5 276.1 309.5
200.9 199.9 198.4
-110.0 -114.9 -114.9 -127.1 -121.3 -129.0 -102.4 -121.3 -104.8 -118.3
218.0
-858.4 -127.6
-292.5 -852.7 -1024.1
260.2
253.2
-51.1
-18.2
-991.3 -1963.5 -2406.3
-809.3 -35.5 -955.4 -1932.7 -2370.4
201.2 280.8
221.6
202.0 -841.8 -1007.7 -683.8
-806.5
-70.8
3.8 -8.1 -13.4
-63.1 -78.4 -37.0 -217.9 -467.5 -48.7
214.6 239.7 250.2 -17.5 -20.7
-42.3 -226.4
175.4
162.4
147.8 -330.0 -343.9
222.6 223.8
159.0 159.1
30.2 25.7 22.5 -156.3 -293.8 -309.2
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula C6H4F2 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O4 C6H4N2O5 C6H4O2 C6H5Br C6H5Cl C6H5ClO C6H5ClO C6H5ClO C6H5Cl2N C6H5F C6H5I C6H5NO2 C6H5NO2 C6H5NO3 C6H5N3 C6H5N3O4 C6H5N3O4 C6H5N3O4 C6H5N3O4 C6H5N3O4 C6H6 C6H6 C6H6ClN C6H6ClN C6H6ClN C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6N2O2 C6H6O C6H6O C6H6O2 C6H6O2 C6H6O2 C6H6O3 C6H6O3 C6H6O3 C6H6O3 C6H6O6 C6H6O6 C6H6S C6H7N C6H7N C6H7N C6H7N C6H7N C6H8N2 C6H8N2 C6H8N2 C6H8N2 C6H8N2 C6H8N2S C6H8O4 C6H8O6 C6H8O7 C6H9Cl3O2 C6H9Cl3O2 C6H9N C6H9N C6H9N C6H9NO3 C6H9NO6 C6H9N3O2
Name p-Difluorobenzene 1,2-Dinitrobenzene 1,3-Dinitrobenzene 1,4-Dinitrobenzene 2,4-Dinitrophenol p-Benzoquinone Bromobenzene Chlorobenzene 2-Chlorophenol 3-Chlorophenol 4-Chlorophenol 3,4-Dichloroaniline Fluorobenzene Iodobenzene Nitrobenzene 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid 2-Nitrophenol 1H-Benzotriazole 2,3-Dinitroaniline 2,4-Dinitroaniline 2,5-Dinitroaniline 2,6-Dinitroaniline 3,5-Dinitroaniline 1,5-Hexadiyne Benzene 2-Chloroaniline 3-Chloroaniline 4-Chloroaniline 2-Nitroaniline 3-Nitroaniline 4-Nitroaniline Phenol 2-Vinylfuran p-Hydroquinone Pyrocatechol Resorcinol 1,2,3-Benzenetriol 1,2,4-Benzenetriol 1,3,5-Benzenetriol 3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-furandione cis-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid trans-1-Propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Benzenethiol Aniline 2-Methylpyridine 3-Methylpyridine 4-Methylpyridine 1-Cyclopentenecarbonitrile Adiponitrile 1,2-Benzenediamine 1,3-Benzenediamine 1,4-Benzenediamine Phenylhydrazine Bis(2-cyanoethyl) sulfide Dimethyl maleate L-Ascorbic acid Citric acid Butyl trichloroacetate Isobutyl trichloroacetate Cyclopentanecarbonitrile 2,4-Dimethylpyrrole 2,5-Dimethylpyrrole Triacetamide Nitrilotriacetic acid L-Histidine
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-31 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-342.3 -2.0 -27.0 -38.0 -232.7 -185.7
200.4 197.5 200.0
Cp J/mol K 157.5
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
348.8
120.4
129.7
269.2
82.4
-7.0
317.9
107.9
-306.7
-128.1 -122.9 60.9 11.1
219.2
154.3 150.1 188.7
52.0
-189.3 -181.3 -150.6 117.2 12.5
205.9 205.4
146.4 158.7 185.8
-344.9 -202.4 236.5 -11.7 -67.8 -44.3 -50.6 -38.9
-115.9 164.9 68.5 -221.5 335.5
384.2 49.1 -4.6 -20.3 -33.3 -26.1 -38.3 -42.0 -165.1
fG° kJ/mol
-36.0
129.0
-206.4 -197.7 -89.1
fH° kJ/mol
144.0
147.3 166.0 158.8 167.0 127.4
124.5
173.4
136.0 198.7
-9.4 -14.4 -20.7
63.8 58.4 58.8 -96.4 27.8 -265.3 -267.5 -274.7 -434.2 -444.0 -452.9
-10.3 -364.5 -354.1 -368.0 -551.1 -563.8 -584.6 -581.4 -1224.4
82.9
136.0
-1232.7 63.7 31.6 56.7 61.9 59.2 111.5 85.1 -0.3 -7.8 3.0
154.5
222.8
216.3 209.1
173.2 191.9 158.6 158.7 159.0 128.7
111.3 87.5 99.2 106.4 103.8 156.5 149.5
217.0
202.9
159.6 141.0 96.3
263.2 -1164.6 -1543.8 -545.8 -553.4 0.7
-492.3 -500.2 44.1
-16.7 -610.5
39.8 -550.1
-422.3
-1311.9 -466.7
5-32
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10 C6H10Cl2O2 C6H10O C6H10O C6H10O C6H10O2 C6H10O2 C6H10O3 C6H10O3 C6H10O4 C6H10O4 C6H10O4 C6H11Cl C6H11ClO2 C6H11ClO2 C6H11ClO2 C6H11NO C6H11NO C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12 C6H12N2O4S2 C6H12N2S4 C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O2 C6H12O3 C6H12O3
Name 1,5-Hexadiene 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne Cyclohexene 1-Methylcyclopentene 3-Methylcyclopentene 4-Methylcyclopentene Butyl dichloroacetate Cyclohexanone 2-Methylcyclopentanone Mesityl oxide Ethyl trans-2-butenoate Methyl cyclobutanecarboxylate Ethyl acetoacetate Propanoic anhydride Adipic acid Diethyl oxalate Ethylene glycol diacetate Chlorocyclohexane Ethyl 4-chlorobutanoate Propyl 3-chloropropanoate Butyl chloroacetate Caprolactam 1-Methyl-2-piperidinone 1-Hexene cis-2-Hexene trans-2-Hexene cis-3-Hexene trans-3-Hexene 2-Methyl-1-pentene 3-Methyl-1-pentene 4-Methyl-1-pentene 2-Methyl-2-pentene 3-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 3-Methyl-trans-2-pentene 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene 2-Ethyl-1-butene 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butene 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene Cyclohexane Methylcyclopentane Ethylcyclobutane 1,1,2-Trimethylcyclopropane L-Cystine Thiram Butyl vinyl ether Hexanal 2-Hexanone 3-Hexanone 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 2-Methyl-3-pentanone 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone Cyclohexanol cis-2-Methylcyclopentanol Hexanoic acid Butyl acetate tert-Butyl acetate Isobutyl acetate Ethyl butanoate Methyl pentanoate Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Diacetone alcohol Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate Paraldehyde
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Liquid Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol 54.1 78.4 -38.5 -36.4 -23.7 -17.6 -550.1 -271.2 -265.2
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol 84.2
214.6
148.3
182.2
-5.0 -3.8 7.4 14.6 -497.8 -226.1
212.5 -420.0 -395.0
-375.6 -350.2 248.0
-679.1
-626.5
-994.3 -805.5
-742.0 310.0
-207.2 -566.5 -537.6 -538.4 -329.4
156.8 -293.0 -74.2 -83.9 -85.5 -78.9 -86.1 -90.0 -78.2 -80.0 -98.5 -94.5 -94.6 -87.0 -91.6 -87.1 -93.2 -87.5 -101.4 -156.4 -137.9 -59.0 -96.2
-1032.7 40.2
-163.7 -513.8 -485.7 -487.4 -239.6 295.2
183.3
270.2
174.7 154.9
-43.5 -52.3 -53.9 -47.6 -54.4 -59.4 -49.5 -51.3 -66.9 -62.3 -63.1 -57.5 -61.5 -56.0 -62.4 -60.3 -68.1 -123.4 -106.2 -27.5
301.7 -218.8 280.3 -322.0 -320.2 -325.9 -328.6 -348.2 -345.5 -583.8 -529.2 -554.5
-514.2 -530.0
-673.1
305.3
232.0 210.4 213.3 216.9 213.3
208.2
227.8 231.0 233.8 228.0 229.3 257.9 221.3 376.0
-182.6 -278.9 -277.6 -286.0 -290.6 -286.2 -511.9 -485.3 -516.5
-471.1 -491.2
-631.7
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12S C6H12S C6H12S C6H13Br C6H13Cl C6H13N C6H13N C6H13NO C6H13NO C6H13NO2 C6H13NO2 C6H13NO2 C6H13NO2 C6H13NO2 C6H13NO2 C6H13NO2 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14 C6H14N2 C6H14N2O2 C6H14N4O2 C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14O C6H14OS C6H14O2 C6H14O2 C6H14O2 C6H14O2 C6H14O2 C6H14O2 C6H14O3 C6H14O3 C6H14O3 C6H14O4 C6H14O4S C6H14O6 C6H14O6 C6H14S C6H14S C6H14S C6H14S C6H14S C6H14S C6H14S2 C6H15B C6H15N C6H15N C6H15N
β-D-Fructose D-Galactose α-D-Glucose D-Mannose L-Sorbose Thiepane Cyclohexanethiol Cyclopentyl methyl sulfide 1-Bromohexane 2-Chlorohexane Cyclohexylamine 2-Methylpiperidine, (±) Hexanamide N-Butylacetamide DL-Leucine D-Leucine L-Leucine DL-Isoleucine L-Isoleucine L-Norleucine 6-Aminohexanoic acid Hexane 2-Methylpentane 3-Methylpentane 2,2-Dimethylbutane 2,3-Dimethylbutane Azopropane DL-Lysine D-Arginine 1-Hexanol 2-Hexanol 3-Hexanol 2-Methyl-1-pentanol 3-Methyl-2-pentanol 4-Methyl-2-pentanol 2-Methyl-3-pentanol 3-Methyl-3-pentanol Dipropyl ether Diisopropyl ether Butyl ethyl ether tert-Butyl ethyl ether Dipropyl sulfoxide 1,2-Hexanediol 1,6-Hexanediol 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 1,1-Diethoxyethane Ethylene glycol diethyl ether Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether Trimethylolpropane Triethylene glycol Dipropyl sulfate Galactitol D-Mannitol 1-Hexanethiol 2-Methyl-2-pentanethiol 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butanethiol Diisopropyl sulfide Butyl ethyl sulfide Methyl pentyl sulfide Dipropyl disulfide Triethylborane Dipropylamine Diisopropylamine Triethylamine
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-33 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
255.6
192.6
453.0
204.0
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
79.4
363.5
131.3
16.1
437.8
-1265.6 -1286.3 -1273.3 -1263.0 -1271.5 -140.7 -109.8 -194.2 -246.1 -147.6 -124.9 -423.0 -380.9 -640.6 -637.3 -637.4 -635.3 -637.8 -639.1 -637.3
200.1
-486.8
-198.7 -204.6 -202.4 -213.8 -207.4 11.5 -678.7 -623.5
250.6
290.6 292.5 272.5 287.8
195.6 193.7 190.7 191.9 189.7
-166.9 -174.6 -171.9 -185.9 -178.1 51.3
287.4
240.4
-315.9 -333.5
232.0 -377.5 -392.0 -392.4
286.2 248.0 275.9 273.0
-394.7 -396.4 -328.8 -351.5
-569.9
-65.8 -96.2 -64.7 -148.3 -204.3 -104.0 -84.4 -324.2 -305.9
323.9
293.4 221.6 216.8 159.0
-293.0 -319.2 -313.9 -254.9 -490.1 -461.2
-329.4 -577.1 -548.6 336.0 281.0 -491.4 -451.4
259.4 301.0 274.1
-453.5 -408.1
-750.9 -804.3 -859.0 -1317.0 -1314.5 -175.7 -188.3 -187.1 -181.6 -172.3 -167.1 -171.5 -194.6 -156.1 -178.5 -127.7
-725.0 -792.0
9.4
313.0
232.0
336.7
241.2
219.9
-129.9 -148.3 -147.9 -142.0 -127.8 -121.8 -118.3 -157.7 -116.0 -143.8 -92.7
5-34
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
C6H15NO C6H15NO3 C6H16N2 C6H18N3OP C6H18OSi2 C6MoO6 C6N4 C7F8 C7F14 C7F16 C7H3F5 C7H4Cl2O C7H4N2O6 C7H5ClO C7H5ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C7H5ClO2 C7H5F3 C7H5N C7H5NO C7H5NO4 C7H5NO4 C7H5NO4 C7H5N3O6 C7H6N2 C7H6N2 C7H6N2O4 C7H6O C7H6O2 C7H6O2 C7H6O2 C7H6O3 C7H7Br C7H7Cl C7H7Cl C7H7F C7H7NO C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H7NO2 C7H8 C7H8N2O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H8O C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H9N C7H10O2 C7H10O2
2-Diethylaminoethanol Triethanolamine 1,6-Hexanediamine Hexamethylphosphoric triamide Hexamethyldisiloxane Molybdenum hexacarbonyl Tetracyanoethene Perfluorotoluene Perfluoromethylcyclohexane Perfluoroheptane 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene 3-Chlorobenzoyl chloride 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid Benzoyl chloride 2-Chlorobenzoic acid 3-Chlorobenzoic acid 4-Chlorobenzoic acid (Trifluoromethyl)benzene Benzonitrile Benzoxazole 2-Nitrobenzoic acid 3-Nitrobenzoic acid 4-Nitrobenzoic acid 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene 1H-Benzimidazole 1H-Indazole 1-Methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene Benzaldehyde Benzoic acid Salicylaldehyde 3-(2-Furanyl)-2-propenal 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-Bromotoluene 2-Chlorotoluene (Chloromethyl)benzene 4-Fluorotoluene Benzamide Aniline-2-carboxylic acid Aniline-3-carboxylic acid Aniline-4-carboxylic acid 2-Nitrotoluene 3-Nitrotoluene 4-Nitrotoluene (Nitromethyl)benzene Salicylaldoxime Toluene Phenylurea o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol Benzyl alcohol Anisole Benzylamine 2-Methylaniline 3-Methylaniline 4-Methylaniline N-Methylaniline 1-Cyclohexenecarbonitrile 2,3-Dimethylpyridine 2,4-Dimethylpyridine 2,5-Dimethylpyridine 2,6-Dimethylpyridine 3,4-Dimethylpyridine 3,5-Dimethylpyridine Ethyl 2-pentynoate Methyl 2-hexynoate
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-534.5 -856.0
535.0 490.0
238.5 205.0
167.6 165.4 167.7
351.0 352.5 347.0
130.2 125.5 126.2
-305.9 -664.2 -205.0
389.0
-558.3
-815.0 -982.8 623.8
-877.7
325.9
-541.5
433.8
321.0 311.4
242.3 -1311.1 -2931.1 -3420.0 -883.8 -189.7
355.5 561.8 306.4
262.3 353.1 419.0 225.8
-777.7 -912.1 705.0 -2897.2 -3383.6 -842.7
-409.8 -158.0 -404.5 -424.3 -428.9
163.2 163.2
-24.2 -378.8 -394.7 -392.2 -63.2 79.5 151.9 -66.4
209.1
188.4 165.2
215.7 44.8
243.3
-87.0 -385.2
-103.2 -325.0 -342.3 -341.0
167.6
221.2
172.0
146.8
181.7 243.0 33.2 -36.7 -294.0
222.0 -182.0 -589.9
-105.9 -494.8 12.0 166.8 -32.5 -186.9
-202.6 -401.1 -417.3 -410.0
171.2
177.8
18.9 -147.4 -100.9 -296.0 -283.6 -296.7
-9.7 -31.5 -48.1
172.3
31.0 30.7
-22.8 -183.7 12.4 -218.6 -204.6 -199.3
165.4 167.3
157.3
154.6 -194.0
212.6
224.9
-160.7 -114.8 34.2 -6.3 -8.1
216.7
217.9
150.2
207.2
-23.5
50.5 -128.6 -132.3 -125.4 -100.4 -67.9 94.4 56.4 54.6 55.3
207.1 48.1 19.4 16.1 18.7 12.7 18.3 22.5 -301.8 -242.7
243.7 248.5 248.8 244.2 240.7 241.7
189.5 184.8 184.7 185.2 191.8 184.5
101.6 67.1 63.6 66.5 58.1 68.8 72.0 -250.3
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
C7H11Cl3O2 C7H11N C7H12 C7H12 C7H12 C7H12 C7H12 C7H12O C7H12O2 C7H12O4 C7H13ClO2 C7H13ClO2 C7H13ClO2 C7H13ClO2 C7H13ClO2 C7H13N C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14 C7H14Br2 C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O2 C7H14O6 C7H15Br C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16
Isopentyl trichloroacetate Cyclohexanecarbonitrile Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 1-Methylbicyclo(3,1,0)hexane Methylenecyclohexane Vinylcyclopentane 1-Ethylcyclopentene 2-Methylenecyclohexanol Butyl acrylate Diethyl malonate Butyl 2-chloropropanoate Isobutyl 2-chloropropanoate Butyl 3-chloropropanoate Isobutyl 3-chloropropanoate Propyl 2-chlorobutanoate Heptanenitrile 1-Heptene cis-2-Heptene trans-2-Heptene cis-3-Heptene trans-3-Heptene 5-Methyl-1-hexene cis-3-Methyl-3-hexene trans-3-Methyl-3-hexene 2,4-Dimethyl-1-pentene 4,4-Dimethyl-1-pentene 2,4-Dimethyl-2-pentene cis-4,4-Dimethyl-2-pentene trans-4,4-Dimethyl-2-pentene 2-Ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene 2,3,3-Trimethyl-1-butene Cycloheptane Methylcyclohexane Ethylcyclopentane 1,1-Dimethylcyclopentane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclopentane 1,1,2,2-Tetramethylcyclopropane 1,2-Dibromoheptane 1-Heptanal 2-Heptanone 3-Heptanone 4-Heptanone 2,2-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone cis-2-Methylcyclohexanol trans-2-Methylcyclohexanol, (±) cis-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±) trans-3-Methylcyclohexanol, (±) cis-4-Methylcyclohexanol trans-4-Methylcyclohexanol Heptanoic acid Pentyl acetate Isopentyl acetate Ethyl pentanoate Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate Ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Methyl hexanoate α-Methylglucoside 1-Bromoheptane Heptane 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane 3-Ethylpentane
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
5-35 Liquid
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-580.9 -47.2 -95.1
-523.1 4.8 -54.8 1.7 -25.2
151.0 -33.2 -61.3 -34.8 -53.3 -277.6 -422.6 -571.7 -603.1 -557.9 -572.6 -630.7 -82.8 -97.9 -105.1 -109.5 -104.3 -109.3 -100.0 -115.9 -112.7 -117.0 -110.6 -123.1 -105.3 -121.7 -114.1 -117.7 -156.6 -190.1 -163.4 -172.1 -165.3 -171.2 -170.1 -168.1 -119.8 -212.3 -311.5
-356.1 -352.9 -390.2 -415.7 -416.1 -394.4 -413.2 -433.3 -610.2
fH° kJ/mol
-19.8 251.0 285.0
327.6
211.8
184.8 279.9 269.2
335.4
318.0
230.1 232.6
233.7
265.4 261.0 248.5
-553.0 -571.0 -577.2 -540.2
-375.3 -517.3 -549.6 -502.3 -517.3 -578.4 -31.0 -62.3
-65.7 -79.4 -76.8 -83.8 -81.6 -88.7 -72.6 -88.8 -79.5 -85.5 -118.1 -154.7 -126.9 -138.2 -129.5 -136.6 -135.8 -133.6 -157.9 -263.8 -297.1 -298.3 -313.6 -311.3 -327.0 -352.5 -350.9 -329.1 -347.5 -367.2 -536.2
-505.9 -527.0 -536.0 -492.2
-1233.3 -218.4 -224.2 -229.5 -226.4 -224.9
323.3
224.7 222.9
314.5
219.6
-167.8 -187.6 -194.5 -191.3 -189.5
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
5-36
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16 C7H16O C7H16O C7H16O2 C7H16O2 C7H16S C8H4O3 C8H5NO2 C8H6O4 C8H6O4 C8H6O4 C8H6S C8H7N C8H8 C8H8O C8H8O C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O2 C8H8O3 C8H9NO C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10 C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O C8H10O2 C8H11N C8H11N C8H11N C8H11N C8H11N C8H12 C8H12 C8H12 C8H12N4 C8H12O2 C8H14 C8H14 C8H14ClN5 C8H14O3 C8H15ClO2 C8H15ClO2 C8H15N C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16
Name 2,2-Dimethylpentane 2,3-Dimethylpentane 2,4-Dimethylpentane 3,3-Dimethylpentane 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane 1-Heptanol tert-Butyl isopropyl ether 1,7-Heptanediol 2,2-Diethoxypropane 1-Heptanethiol Phthalic anhydride 1H-Indole-2,3-dione Phthalic acid Isophthalic acid Terephthalic acid Benzo[b]thiophene 1H-Indole Styrene Phenyl vinyl ether Acetophenone o-Toluic acid m-Toluic acid p-Toluic acid Methyl benzoate Methyl salicylate Acetanilide 1,7-Octadiyne Ethylbenzene o-Xylene m-Xylene p-Xylene 2-Ethylphenol 3-Ethylphenol 4-Ethylphenol 2,3-Xylenol 2,4-Xylenol 2,5-Xylenol 2,6-Xylenol 3,4-Xylenol 3,5-Xylenol Benzeneethanol Ethoxybenzene 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene N-Ethylaniline N,N-Dimethylaniline 2,4-Dimethylaniline 2,5-Dimethylaniline 2,6-Dimethylaniline 1-Octen-3-yne cis-1,2-Divinylcyclobutane trans-1,2-Divinylcyclobutane 2,2'-Azobis[isobutyronitrile] 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3cyclobutanedione Ethylidenecyclohexane Allylcyclopentane Atrazine Butanoic anhydride 3-Methylbutyl 2-chloropropanoate 3-Methylbutyl 3-chloropropanoate Octanenitrile 1-Octene cis-2-Octene trans-2-Octene cis-2,2-Dimethyl-3-hexene trans-2,2-Dimethyl-3-hexene
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol -238.3 -233.1 -234.6 -234.2 -236.5 -403.3 -392.8 -574.2 -538.9 -200.5
-460.1 -268.2 -782.0 -803.0 -816.1 100.6 86.6
-416.5 -426.1 -429.2
-209.4
180.0
160.0
207.9
188.1
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
300.3
221.1
303.2
224.2
292.2
213.5 272.1
fH° kJ/mol -205.7 -198.7 -201.6 -201.0 -204.4 -336.5 -358.1 -506.9 -149.9 -371.4
-696.3 -717.9 166.3 156.5 147.9 22.7 -86.7
103.8 -26.2 -142.5
182.0
-343.5
221.3 249.0
-287.9
183.2 186.1 183.0 181.5
29.9 19.1 17.3 18.0 -145.2 -146.1 -144.1 -157.2 -163.8 -161.6 -162.1 -157.3 -162.4
174.9 163.6 169.0
179.3 334.4 -12.3 -24.4 -25.4 -24.4 -208.8 -214.3
-224.4 -241.1
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
206.9 -228.7
-246.6 -237.4 -242.3 -244.4 -152.6 -290.3 8.2 46.0 -39.2 -38.9
252.6 228.5
-101.6 -223.3 56.3 100.5
238.9 140.7 124.3 101.3 246.0 -379.9
166.5 143.5
237.6 -307.6 -103.5 -64.5
-59.5 -24.1
-125.4 283.7 -627.3 -593.4 -107.3 -124.5 -135.7 -135.7 -126.4 -144.9
241.0 239.0 239.0
-575.0 -539.4 -50.5 -81.3
-89.3 -107.7
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula
Name
C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16 C8H16O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16O C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H16O2 C8H17Br C8H17Cl C8H17NO C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18 C8H18N2 C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O C8H18O2 C8H18O2 C8H18O3 C8H18O3 C8H18O3S C8H18O5 C8H18S C8H18S
3-Ethyl-2-methyl-1-pentene 2,4,4-Trimethyl-1-pentene 2,4,4-Trimethyl-2-pentene Cyclooctane Ethylcyclohexane 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane Propylcyclopentane 1-Ethyl-1-methylcyclopentane cis-1-Ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane trans-1-Ethyl-2-methylcyclopentane cis-1-Ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane trans-1-Ethyl-3-methylcyclopentane Octanal 2-Ethylhexanal 2-Octanone 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone Octanoic acid 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Hexyl acetate Isobutyl isobutanoate Propyl pentanoate Isopropyl pentanoate Methyl heptanoate 1-Bromooctane 1-Chlorooctane Octanamide Octane 2-Methylheptane 3-Methylheptane, (S) 4-Methylheptane 3-Ethylhexane 2,2-Dimethylhexane 2,3-Dimethylhexane 2,4-Dimethylhexane 2,5-Dimethylhexane 3,3-Dimethylhexane 3,4-Dimethylhexane 3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane 3-Ethyl-3-methylpentane 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane Azobutane 1-Octanol 2-Octanol 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol Dibutyl ether Di-sec-butyl ether Di-tert-butyl ether tert-Butyl isobutyl ether 1,8-Octanediol 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Diethylene glycol diethyl ether Dibutyl sulfite Tetraethylene glycol Dibutyl sulfide Di-sec-butyl sulfide
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-37 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol -137.9 -145.9 -142.4 -167.7 -212.1 -218.7 -211.8 -218.2 -222.9 -215.7 -215.6 -222.4 -188.8 -193.8 -190.8 -195.1 -194.4 -196.0
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
280.9 267.2 274.1 273.2 272.6 276.3 271.1 268.0 310.8
Cp J/mol K
211.8 209.2 210.2 209.4 209.4 212.8 212.1 210.2 216.3
fH° kJ/mol -100.3 -110.5 -104.9 -124.4 -171.5 -180.9 -172.1 -179.9 -184.6 -176.5 -176.6 -184.5 -147.7
-291.9 -299.6 273.3
-381.6 -636.0 -635.1
297.9
-338.3 -554.3 -559.5
282.8 -587.4 -583.0 -592.2 -567.1 -245.1 -291.3
285.1
-473.2
-269.0
273.7
356.4 362.6
254.6 252.0 250.2 251.1
249.2 246.6
329.3
239.1 245.6 247.3
239.2 -40.1 -426.5 -432.8 -377.9 -401.5 -399.6 -409.1
347.0
305.2 330.1 317.5 278.2 276.1
-542.9 -533.6 -544.9 -515.5 -189.3 -238.9 -362.7 -208.5 -215.3 -212.5 -211.9 -210.7 -224.5 -213.8 -219.2 -222.5 -219.9 -212.8 -211.0 -214.8 -220.0 -224.0 -216.3 -217.3 -226.0 9.2 -355.6 -365.3 -332.8 -360.6 -362.0 -369.0
-626.6 -681.7 354.9 341.4 -693.1 -981.7 -220.7 -220.7
S° J/mol K
-156.2
-348.5
-250.1 -255.0 -252.3 -251.6 -250.4 -261.9 -252.6 -257.0 -260.4 -257.5 -251.8 -249.6 -252.8 -256.9 -259.2 -253.5 -255.0
fG° kJ/mol
405.1
428.8 284.3
-625.3 -883.0 -167.7 -167.7
365.4
Cp J/mol K
5-38
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C8H18S C8H18S C8H18S2 C8H18S2 C8H19N C8H19N C8H20BrN C8H20O4Si C8H20Pb C8H20Si C9H6N2O2 C9H7N C9H7N C9H7NO C9H7NO C9H8 C9H8O4 C9H10 C9H10 C9H10Cl2N2O C9H10N2 C9H10O2 C9H10O2 C9H11NO2 C9H11NO3 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12 C9H12O C9H12O C9H12O C9H12O2 C9H13NO2 C9H13NO2 C9H13NO2 C9H13NO2 C9H14O C9H14O6 C9H15N C9H16 C9H16O4 C9H17NO C9H18 C9H18 C9H18O C9H18O C9H18O C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C9H18O2 C9H19N C9H19N C9H20 C9H20 C9H20
Name Di-tert-butyl sulfide Diisobutyl sulfide Dibutyl disulfide Di-tert-butyl disulfide Dibutylamine Diisobutylamine Tetraethylammonium bromide Ethyl silicate Tetraethyl lead Tetraethylsilane Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate Quinoline Isoquinoline 2-Quinolinol 8-Quinolinol Indene 2-(Acetyloxy)benzoic acid Cyclopropylbenzene Indan Diuron 2,2'-Dipyrrolylmethane Ethyl benzoate Benzyl acetate L-Phenylalanine L-Tyrosine Propylbenzene Isopropylbenzene 2-Ethyltoluene 3-Ethyltoluene 4-Ethyltoluene 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 2-Isopropylphenol 3-Isopropylphenol 4-Isopropylphenol Isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide Ethyl 3,5-dimethylpyrrole-2carboxylate Ethyl 2,4-dimethylpyrrole-3carboxylate Ethyl 2,5-dimethylpyrrole-3carboxylate Ethyl 4,5-dimethylpyrrole-3carboxylate Isophorone Triacetin 3-Ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylpyrrole 1-Nonyne Nonanedioic acid 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinone Propylcyclohexane 1α,3α,5β-1,3,5Trimethylcyclohexane 2-Nonanone 5-Nonanone 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone Nonanoic acid Butyl pentanoate sec-Butyl pentanoate Isobutyl pentanoate Methyl octanoate N-Butylpiperidine 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Nonane 2,2-Dimethylheptane 2,2,3-Trimethylhexane
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-232.6 -229.2 -222.9 -255.2 -206.0 -218.5
Cp J/mol K
292.9
fH° kJ/mol -188.8 -180.5 -160.6 -201.0 -156.6 -179.2
-342.7 52.7
533.1 464.6
364.4 307.4 298.1 287.8
141.2 144.3
216.0
196.2
200.5 204.6 -25.5
110.6
215.3
186.9
163.4
100.3 11.5
56.0
190.2
150.5 60.3
-144.9 82.1
109.6
-815.6
-329.0 126.2 246.0 148.5 -466.9 -685.1
213.6 214.0
203.0 216.4
-312.9 -38.3 -41.1 -46.4 -48.7 -49.8 -58.5 -61.8 -63.4 -233.7 -252.5
287.8
214.7 210.7
267.9
216.4 215.0 209.3
-270.0 -148.3
7.9 4.0 1.3 -1.8 -3.2 -9.5 -13.8 -15.9 -182.2 -196.0 -175.3 -78.4
-474.5 -463.2 -478.7 -470.3
-1330.8
458.3
253.5 384.7
-1245.0
-89.2 16.3
62.3
-1054.3 -334.2 -237.4
-397.2 -398.2 -408.5 -659.7 -613.3 -624.2 -620.0 -590.3 -171.8 -206.9 -274.7 -288.1 -282.7
311.9
242.0
401.4
303.6 297.3 362.4
284.4
-273.4 -192.3 -212.1 -340.7 -344.9 -357.6 -577.3 -560.2 -573.2 -568.6 -533.9 -159.9 -228.2
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20 C9H20N2O C9H20O C9H20O2 C9H21N C10H6N2 C10H6N2 C10H6N2O4 C10H6N2O4 C10H7Cl C10H7Cl C10H7I C10H7I C10H7NO2 C10H8 C10H8 C10H8O C10H8O C10H9N C10H9N C10H10 C10H10 C10H10O C10H10O4 C10H10O4 C10H10O4 C10H12 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14 C10H14O C10H16 C10H16 C10H16 C10H16 C10H16 C10H16 C10H16 C10H16N2O8
Name 2,2,4-Trimethylhexane 2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 2,3,3-Trimethylhexane 2,3,5-Trimethylhexane 2,4,4-Trimethylhexane 3,3,4-Trimethylhexane 3,3-Diethylpentane 3-Ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane 3-Ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane Tetraethylurea 1-Nonanol 1,9-Nonanediol Tripropylamine 2-Quinolinecarbonitrile 3-Quinolinecarbonitrile 1,5-Dinitronaphthalene 1,8-Dinitronaphthalene 1-Chloronaphthalene 2-Chloronaphthalene 1-Iodonaphthalene 2-Iodonaphthalene 1-Nitronaphthalene Naphthalene Azulene 1-Naphthol 2-Naphthol 1-Naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine 1,2-Dihydronaphthalene 1,4-Dihydronaphthalene 1-Tetralone Dimethyl phthalate Dimethyl isophthalate Dimethyl terephthalate 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene Butylbenzene sec-Butylbenzene, (±) tert-Butylbenzene Isobutylbenzene 1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene 1-Isopropyl-3-methylbenzene 1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene o-Diethylbenzene m-Diethylbenzene p-Diethylbenzene 3-Ethyl-1,2-dimethylbenzene 4-Ethyl-1,2-dimethylbenzene 2-Ethyl-1,3-dimethylbenzene 2-Ethyl-1,4-dimethylbenzene 1-Ethyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene 1-Ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene Thymol Dipentene d-Limonene α-Pinene β-Pinene α-Terpinene β-Myrcene cis, cis-2,6-Dimethyl-2,4,6octatriene Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-39 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-282.8 -293.3 -281.1 -284.0 -280.2 -277.5 -275.4 -272.7 -269.7 -278.3 -277.7 -280.0 -277.9 -380.0 -453.4
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
333.1
131.9
366.6
149.4 147.8
-242.6
278.2
-233.3
271.5
-237.1 -236.9 -241.6 -236.1 -316.4 -376.5
266.3
-657.6 -207.1
-161.0
246.5 242.3 29.8 39.7 54.6
212.6
55.4 161.5 144.3 42.6 78.5 212.3 -121.5 -124.1 67.8 60.2
201.6
167.4
165.7
179.0
166.9 172.8
119.8 137.4 233.8 235.1 111.2 150.6 289.1 -30.4 -29.9 132.8 134.3
71.6 84.2 -209.6 303.1 -730.9 -732.6
261.1 -29.2 -63.2 -66.4 -71.9 -69.8 -73.3 -78.6 -78.0 -68.5 -73.5 -72.8 -80.5 -86.0 -80.1 -84.8 -84.1 -87.8
-119.9 -309.7
245.6
217.5 243.4
26.0 -11.8 -18.4 -23.0 -21.9
236.4
215.1 -50.8 -54.5 -16.4 -7.7 14.5 -24.0
-1759.5
321.2
249.4 249.0
-218.5 -2.6 28.3 38.7 -20.6
224.1
5-40
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula C10H16O C10H18 C10H18 C10H18 C10H18O4 C10H19N C10H20 C10H20 C10H20 C10H20O2 C10H20O2 C10H21NO2 C10H22 C10H22 C10H22 C10H22O C10H22O C10H22O C10H22O2 C10H22O2 C10H22S C10H22S C10H22S C10H23N C11H8O2 C11H8O2 C11H10 C11H10 C11H12N2O2 C11H14 C11H16 C11H16 C11H16 C11H20 C11H22 C11H22O2 C11H24 C11H24O C12F27N C12H8 C12H8N2 C12H8O C12H8S C12H8S2 C12H9N C12H10 C12H10 C12H10N2O C12H10N2O C12H10O C12H10O2 C12H10O2 C12H11N C12H11N C12H11N C12H12N2 C12H14O4 C12H16 C12H17NO4 C12H18 C12H18 C12H18 C12H18 C12H22 C12H22O4
Name Camphor, (±) 1,1'-Bicyclopentyl cis-Decahydronaphthalene trans-Decahydronaphthalene Sebacic acid Decanenitrile 1-Decene cis-1,2-Di-tert-butylethene Butylcyclohexane Decanoic acid Methyl nonanoate 1-Nitrodecane Decane 2-Methylnonane 5-Methylnonane 1-Decanol Dipentyl ether Diisopentyl ether 1,10-Decanediol Ethylene glycol dibutyl ether 1-Decanethiol Dipentyl sulfide Diisopentyl sulfide Octyldimethylamine 1-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid 1-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylnaphthalene L-Tryptophan 1,1-Dimethylindan 1-tert-Butyl-3-methylbenzene 1-tert-Butyl-4-methylbenzene Pentamethylbenzene Spiro[5.5]undecane 1-Undecene Methyl decanoate Undecane 1-Undecanol Tris(perfluorobutyl)amine Acenaphthylene Phenazine Dibenzofuran Dibenzothiophene Thianthrene Carbazole Acenaphthene Biphenyl trans-Azoxybenzene N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Diphenyl ether 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid 2-Naphthaleneacetic acid Diphenylamine 2-Aminobiphenyl 4-Aminobiphenyl p-Benzidine Diethyl phthalate Cyclohexylbenzene Diethyl 3,5-dimethylpyrrole-2,4dicarboxylate 3,9-Dodecadiyne 5,7-Dodecadiyne 1-tert-Butyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Hexamethylbenzene Cyclohexylcyclohexane Dodecanedioic acid
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
-319.4
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
271.2
-267.5 -178.9 -219.4 -230.6
265.0 264.9
232.0 228.5
425.0
300.8
345.0
271.0
-213.7 -594.9 -554.2
314.4 313.3 314.4 370.6 250.0 379.0
-249.5 -260.2 -258.6 -396.6
-1082.6 -158.4 -173.8 -163.6 -263.1 -684.3 -616.2 -351.5 -300.9 -309.8 -307.9 -478.1
-713.7
fH° kJ/mol
420.1 423.8
-169.2 -182.1 -921.9 -91.5 -123.3
-678.9 -309.9
-276.5 -266.4 -281.8 -232.8
476.1
350.0 350.4
-333.5 -346.1
-223.1 -232.5 56.3
44.9 -415.3
-211.5 -204.9 -221.5
220.0 251.0
254.8
224.4
196.0 238.1
106.7 -53.6 -109.7 -109.7
-1.6 -57.0 -67.2 -188.3
-144.6 -244.5 344.9 -640.5 -327.2 -504.8
344.9
-573.8 -270.8
418.4 186.7 237.0 -5.3 120.0 182.0 101.7 70.3 99.4 243.4 227.2 -32.1 -359.2 -371.9 130.2 93.8 81.0 70.7
166.4
188.9 209.4
190.4 198.4
233.9
216.6
259.7 328.8 83.4 205.1 286.0 200.7 156.0 181.4 342.0 -14.9
52.0
219.3 184.4
-776.6 -76.6
425.1
366.1
-688.4 -16.7
-916.7 197.8 181.5 -146.5 -162.4
306.3
245.6 -273.7
-1130.0
-77.4 -215.7 -976.9
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal Molecular formula C12H22O11 C12H22O11 C12H24 C12H24O2 C12H24O2 C12H24O12 C12H25Br C12H25Cl C12H26 C12H26O C12H26O3 C12H27N C12H27O4P C13H8O2 C13H9N C13H9N C13H9N C13H10 C13H10N2 C13H10O C13H11N C13H12 C13H13N C13H14N2 C13H24O4 C13H26 C13H26O2 C13H28 C13H28O C14H8O2 C14H8O2 C14H8O4 C14H10 C14H10 C14H10 C14H10O2 C14H10O4 C14H12 C14H12 C14H14 C14H14 C14H22 C14H22 C14H23N3O10 C14H27N C14H28O2 C14H28O2 C14H30O C15H16O2 C15H24 C15H24O C15H30 C15H30O2 C15H30O2 C15H32O C16H10 C16H10 C16H22O4 C16H22O11 C16H22O11 C16H26 C16H32 C16H32O2 C16H32O2 C16H33Br
Name Sucrose β-D-Lactose 1-Dodecene Dodecanoic acid Methyl undecanoate α-Lactose monohydrate 1-Bromododecane 1-Chlorododecane Dodecane 1-Dodecanol Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether Tributylamine Tributyl phosphate Xanthone Acridine Phenanthridine Benzo[f]quinoline 9H-Fluorene 9-Acridinamine Benzophenone 9-Methyl-9H-carbazole Diphenylmethane N-Benzylaniline 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane Tridecanedioic acid 1-Tridecene Methyl dodecanoate Tridecane 1-Tridecanol 9,10-Anthracenedione 9,10-Phenanthrenedione 1,4-Dihydroxy-9,10anthracenedione Anthracene Phenanthrene Diphenylacetylene Benzil Benzoyl peroxide cis-Stilbene trans-Stilbene 1,1-Diphenylethane 1,2-Diphenylethane 1,3-Di-tert-butylbenzene 1,4-Di-tert-butylbenzene Pentetic acid Tetradecanenitrile Tetradecanoic acid Methyl tridecanoate 1-Tetradecanol 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzene 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Decylcyclopentane Pentadecanoic acid Methyl tetradecanoate 1-Pentadecanol Fluoranthene Pyrene Dibutyl phthalate α-D-Glucose pentaacetate β-D-Glucose pentaacetate Decylbenzene 1-Hexadecene Hexadecanoic acid Methyl pentadecanoate 1-Bromohexadecane
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
5-41 Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
484.8
360.7
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-2226.1 -2236.7 -774.6
404.3
-226.2 -737.9 -665.2
-165.4 -642.0 -593.8
-2484.1 -344.7 -392.3 -350.9 -528.5
375.8 438.1 452.0
-269.9 -321.1 -289.4 -436.6
-281.6 379.4 -191.5 179.4 141.9 150.6 89.9 159.2 -34.5 105.5 71.5 101.4
207.3
273.9 240.5 233.7 175.0
203.1 224.8
239.3
54.9 201.0 139.0
89.7 270.9
-1148.3 391.8 -693.0
-614.9 406.7
-599.4 -188.5 -154.7 -595.8 129.2 116.2 312.4 -153.9 -369.4
-75.7 -46.6 -471.7 207.5 215.1
210.5 220.6 225.9
230.9 207.5 -55.5 -281.7 252.3 236.1
183.3 136.9 48.7 51.5
142.9 -188.8
-212.0 -2225.2 -833.5
432.0
-629.6 -368.6 -245.8 -410.0
388.0
-174.9 -693.7 -635.3
-296.9
-861.7 -658.2 189.9 125.5
-260.2 -788.8 -717.9 -580.6
443.3
230.6 224.9
-367.3 -811.7 -743.9
-699.0 -656.9
-842.6
289.0 225.7 -750.9
230.2 229.7
-2249.4 -2232.6
-891.5
452.4
460.7
-218.3 -328.7 -838.1 -771.0 -444.5
587.9
488.9
-138.6 -248.4 -737.1 -680.0 -350.2
173.1
5-42
Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances Crystal
Molecular formula
Name
C16H34 C16H34O C16H36IN C17H34O2 C18H12 C18H12 C18H14 C18H14 C18H15N C18H15O4P C18H15P C18H30 C18H34O2 C18H34O4 C18H36O2 C18H37Cl C18H38 C18H39N C19H16O C19H36O2 C19H36O2 C20H12 C20H12 C20H14O4 C20H38O2 C20H38O2 C20H40O2 C21H21O4P C22H14 C22H42O2 C22H42O2 C22H44O2 C24H38O4 C24H51N C26H18 C26H54 C26H54 C28H18 C31H64 C32H66 C60 C70
Hexadecane 1-Hexadecanol Tetrabutylammonium iodide Heptadecanoic acid Benz[a]anthracene Chrysene o-Terphenyl p-Terphenyl Triphenylamine Triphenyl phosphate Triphenylphosphine 1,3,5-Tri-tert-butylbenzene Oleic acid Dibutyl sebacate Stearic acid 1-Chlorooctadecane Octadecane Trihexylamine Triphenylmethanol Methyl oleate Methyl trans-9-octadecenoate Perylene Benzo[a]pyrene Diphenyl phthalate Ethyl oleate Ethyl trans-9-octadecenoate Eicosanoic acid Tri-o-cresyl phosphate Dibenz[a,h]anthracene trans-13-Docosenoic acid Butyl oleate Butyl stearate Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Trioctylamine 9,10-Diphenylanthracene 5-Butyldocosane 11-Butyldocosane 9,9'-Bianthracene 11-Decylheneicosane Dotriacontane Carbon (fullerene-C 60) Carbon (fullerene-C 70)
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Liquid
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
Gas
S° J/mol K
-456.1 -686.5 -498.6 -924.4 170.8 145.3
Cp J/mol K 501.6
422.0 475.7
fH° kJ/mol
fG° kJ/mol
S° J/mol K
Cp J/mol K
-374.8 -517.0
-865.6 293.0 269.8
163.0 234.7
298.8 285.6
274.8 278.7
397.5
356.2 312.5
337.1
369.1 279.0 326.8
-320.0 577.0 619.0 -947.7
501.5
-567.4
480.2
-884.7 -544.1
-781.2 -446.0 -414.6
485.6 -433.0
-2.5 -734.5 -737.0 182.8
264.6
-649.9
274.9 254.8
-489.2
-1011.9 570.0
545.1 578.0
-775.8 -773.3 -940.0
-812.4 283.9
-960.7 -816.9 704.7 -585.0 308.7 -713.5 -716.0 326.2 -848.0 -968.3 2327.0 2555.0
2302.0 2537.0
426.0 464.0
520.0 650.0
465.6 -587.6 -593.4 454.3 -705.8 -697.2 2502.0 2755.0
2442.0 2692.0
544.0 614.0
512.0 585.0
Thermodynamic Properties As A Function of Temperature L. V. Gurvich, V. S. Iorish, V. S. Yungman, and O. V. Dorofeeva The thermodynamic properties C° (T), S°(T), H°(T)-H°(Tr), p -[G°(T)-H°(Tr)]/T and formation properties ∆f H°(T), ∆fG°(T), log Kf°(T) are tabulated as functions of temperature in the range 298.15 to 1500 K for 80 substances in the standard state.The reference temperature, Tr, is equal to 298.15 K. The standard state pressure is taken as 1 bar (100,000 Pa). The tables are presented in the JANAF Thermochemical Tables format (Reference 2). The numerical data are extracted from IVTANTHERMO databases except for C2H4O, C3H6O, C6H6, C6H6O, C10H8, and CH5N, which
are based upon TRC Tables. See the references for information on standard states and other details.
References 1. Gurvich, L. V., Veyts, I. V., and Alcock, C. B., Eds., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, 4th ed., Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989. 2. Chase, M. W., et al., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 3rd ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, Suppl. 1, 1985.
Order of Listing of Tables No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Formula Ar Br Br2 BrH C C C2 C3 CO CO2 CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C3H6 C3H8 C6H6 C6H6 C10H8 C10H8 CH2O CH4O C2H4O C2H6O C2H4O2 C3H6O C6H6O CF4 CHF3 CClF3 CCl2F2 CHClF2 CH5N Cl Cl2 ClH Cu Cu CuO Cu2O
Name Argon Bromine Dibromine Hydrogen bromide Carbon (graphite) Carbon (diamond) Dicarbon Tricarbon Carbon oxide Carbon dioxide Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Cyclopropane Propane Benzene Benzene Naphthalene Naphthalene Formaldehyde Methanol Acetaldehyde Ethanol Acetic acid Acetone Phenol Carbon tetrafluoride Trifluoromethane Chlorotrifluoromethane Dichlorodifluoromethane Chlorodifluoromethane Methylamine Chlorine Dichlorine Hydrogen chloride Copper Copper Copper oxide Dicopper oxide
41
CuCl2
Copper dichloride
487_S05.indb 43
State g g g g cr cr g g g g g g g g g g l g cr, l g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g cr, l g cr cr cr, l
No.
Formula
Name
State
42 43
CuCl2 F
Copper dichloride Fluorine
g g
44 45 46 47
F2 FH Ge Ge
Difluorine Hydrogen fluoride Germanium Germanium
g g cr, l g cr, l
GeO2
Germanium dioxide
49 50
48
GeCl4 H
Germanium tetrachloride Hydrogen
g g
51 52
H2 HO
Dihydrogen Hydroxyl
g g
H2O
Water
l
54 55
53
H 2O I
Water Iodine
g g
56
I2
Diiodine
cr, l
I2 IH K K
Diiodine Hydrogen iodide Potassium Potassium
g g cr, l g
61 62 63 64 65
K2O KOH KOH KCl KCl
Dipotassium oxide Potassium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Potassium chloride Potassium chloride
cr, l cr, l g cr, l g
66 67
N2 NO
Dinitrogen Nitric oxide
g g
68
Nitrogen dioxide
g
69 70
NO2
NH3 O
Ammonia Oxygen
g g
71 72 73
O2 S S
Dioxygen Sulfur Sulfur
g cr, l g
S2
57 58 59 60
74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Disulfur
g
S8
Octasulfur
g
SO2 Si Si
Sulfur dioxide Silicon Silicon
g cr g
SiO2
Silicon dioxide
cr
Silicon tetrachloride
g
SiCl4
5-43
3/14/06 2:39:00 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-44
H°–H° (Tr)
154.845 154.973 160.953 165.591 169.381 172.585 175.361 177.809 179.999 181.980 183.789 185.453 186.993 188.427
154.845 154.845 155.660 157.200 158.924 160.653 162.322 163.909 165.410 166.828 168.167 169.434 170.634 171.773
0.000 0.038 2.117 4.196 6.274 8.353 10.431 12.510 14.589 16.667 18.746 20.824 22.903 24.982
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
175.017 175.146 181.126 185.765 189.559 192.776 195.575 198.061 200.302 202.347 204.231 205.980 207.612 209.142
175.017 175.018 175.833 177.373 179.097 180.827 182.499 184.093 185.604 187.034 188.390 189.676 190.900 192.065
0.000 0.038 2.117 4.196 6.277 8.364 10.461 12.571 14.698 16.844 19.010 21.195 23.397 25.615
111.870 111.838 96.677 96.910 97.131 97.348 97.568 97.796 98.036 98.291 98.560 98.844 99.141 99.449
82.379 82.196 75.460 70.129 64.752 59.338 53.893 48.420 42.921 37.397 31.850 26.279 20.686 15.072
–14.432 –14.311 –9.854 –7.326 –5.637 –4.428 –3.519 –2.810 –2.242 –1.776 –1.386 –1.056 –0.772 –0.525
3. DIBROMINE Br2 (g) 298.15 36.057 300 36.074 332.25 36.340 400 36.729 500 37.082 600 37.305 700 37.464 800 37.590 900 37.697 1000 37.793 1100 37.883 1200 37.970 1300 38.060 1400 38.158 1500 38.264
245.467 245.690 249.387 256.169 264.406 271.188 276.951 281.962 286.396 290.373 293.979 297.279 300.322 303.146 305.782
245.467 245.468 245.671 246.892 249.600 252.650 255.720 258.694 261.530 264.219 266.763 269.170 271.451 273.615 275.673
0.000 0.067 1.235 3.711 7.403 11.123 14.862 18.615 22.379 26.154 29.938 33.730 37.532 41.343 45.164
30.910 30.836
4. HYDROGEN BROMIDE 29.141 298.15 300 29.141 400 29.220 500 29.454 600 29.872 700 30.431 800 31.063 900 31.709 1000 32.335 1100 32.919
HBr (g) 198.697 198.878 207.269 213.811 219.216 223.861 227.965 231.661 235.035 238.145
198.697 198.698 199.842 202.005 204.436 206.886 209.269 211.555 213.737 215.816
0.000 0.054 2.971 5.903 8.868 11.882 14.957 18.095 21.298 24.561
–36.290 –36.333 –52.109 –52.484 –52.844 –53.168 –53.446 –53.677 –53.864 –54.012
1. ARGON 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p Ar (g) 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786
2. BROMINE 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
487_S05.indb 44
kJ/mol ∆fH°
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
T/K
Br (g) 20.786 20.786 20.787 20.798 20.833 20.908 21.027 21.184 21.365 21.559 21.752 21.937 22.107 22.258
S°
J/K.mol
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
∆fG°
3.105 2.933 pressure = 1 bar 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 –53.360 –53.466 –55.940 –56.854 –57.694 –58.476 –59.214 –59.921 –60.604 –61.271
Log Kf
–0.544 –0.511 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 9.348 9.309 7.305 5.939 5.023 4.363 3.866 3.478 3.166 2.909
3/14/06 2:39:01 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature T/K 1200 1300 1400 1500
487_S05.indb 45
C°p 33.454 33.938 34.374 34.766
J/K.mol
S° 241.032 243.729 246.261 248.646
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 217.799 219.691 221.499 223.230
5-45 H°–H° (Tr) 27.880 31.250 34.666 38.123
kJ/mol ∆fH° –54.129 –54.220 –54.291 –54.348
∆fG° –61.925 –62.571 –63.211 –63.846
Log Kf 2.696 2.514 2.358 2.223
5. CARBON (GRAPHITE) 8.536 298.15 300 8.610 400 11.974 500 14.537 600 16.607 700 18.306 800 19.699 900 20.832 1000 21.739 1100 22.452 1200 23.000 1300 23.409 1400 23.707 1500 23.919
C (cr; graphite) 5.740 5.793 8.757 11.715 14.555 17.247 19.785 22.173 24.417 26.524 28.502 30.360 32.106 33.749
5.740 5.740 6.122 6.946 7.979 9.113 10.290 11.479 12.662 13.827 14.968 16.082 17.164 18.216
0.000 0.016 1.054 2.385 3.945 5.694 7.596 9.625 11.755 13.966 16.240 18.562 20.918 23.300
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6. CARBON (DIAMOND) 6.109 298.15 300 6.201 400 10.321 500 13.404 600 15.885 700 17.930 800 19.619 900 21.006 1000 22.129 1100 23.020 1200 23.709 1300 24.222 1400 24.585 1500 24.824
C (cr; diamond) 2.362 2.400 4.783 7.431 10.102 12.709 15.217 17.611 19.884 22.037 24.071 25.990 27.799 29.504
2.362 2.362 2.659 3.347 4.251 5.274 6.361 7.479 8.607 9.731 10.842 11.934 13.003 14.047
0.000 0.011 0.850 2.042 3.511 5.205 7.085 9.118 11.277 13.536 15.874 18.272 20.714 23.185
1.850 1.846 1.645 1.507 1.415 1.361 1.338 1.343 1.372 1.420 1.484 1.561 1.646 1.735
2.857 2.863 3.235 3.649 4.087 4.537 4.993 5.450 5.905 6.356 6.802 7.242 7.675 8.103
–0.501 –0.499 –0.422 –0.381 –0.356 –0.339 –0.326 –0.316 –0.308 –0.302 –0.296 –0.291 –0.286 –0.282
7. DICARBON C2 (g) 298.15 43.548 300 43.575 400 42.169 500 39.529 600 37.837 700 36.984 800 36.621 900 36.524 1000 36.569 1100 36.696 1200 36.874 1300 37.089 1400 37.329 1500 37.589
197.095 197.365 209.809 218.924 225.966 231.726 236.637 240.943 244.793 248.284 251.484 254.444 257.201 259.785
197.095 197.096 198.802 201.959 205.395 208.758 211.943 214.931 217.728 220.349 222.812 225.133 227.326 229.405
0.000 0.081 4.403 8.483 12.342 16.078 19.755 23.411 27.065 30.728 34.406 38.104 41.824 45.570
830.457 830.506 832.751 834.170 834.909 835.148 835.020 834.618 834.012 833.252 832.383 831.437 830.445 829.427
775.116 774.772 755.833 736.423 716.795 697.085 677.366 657.681 638.052 618.492 599.006 579.596 560.261 540.997
–135.795 –134.898 –98.700 –76.933 –62.402 –52.016 –44.227 –38.170 –33.328 –29.369 –26.074 –23.288 –20.903 –18.839
8. TRICARBON C3 (g) 298.15 42.202 300 42.218 400 43.383 500 44.883 600 46.406 700 47.796 800 48.997
237.611 237.872 250.164 260.003 268.322 275.582 282.045
237.611 237.611 239.280 242.471 246.104 249.807 253.440
0.000 0.078 4.354 8.766 13.331 18.042 22.884
839.958 839.989 841.149 841.570 841.453 840.919 840.053
774.249 773.841 751.592 729.141 706.659 684.230 661.901
–135.643 –134.736 –98.147 –76.172 –61.519 –51.057 –43.217
3/14/06 2:39:03 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-46 –(G°–H° (Tr))/T 256.948 260.310 263.524 266.593 269.524 272.326 275.006
H°–H° (Tr) 27.835 32.879 37.999 43.182 48.417 53.695 59.010
kJ/mol ∆fH° 838.919 837.572 836.059 834.420 832.690 830.899 829.068
∆fG° 639.698 617.633 595.711 573.933 552.295 530.793 509.421
Log Kf –37.127 –32.261 –28.288 –24.982 –22.191 –19.804 –17.739
9. CARBON OXIDE CO (g) 29.141 197.658 298.15 197.838 300 29.142 206.243 400 29.340 212.834 500 29.792 218.321 600 30.440 223.067 700 31.170 227.277 800 31.898 231.074 900 32.573 234.538 1000 33.178 237.726 1100 33.709 240.679 1200 34.169 243.430 1300 34.568 246.005 1400 34.914 248.424 1500 35.213
197.658 197.659 198.803 200.973 203.419 205.895 208.309 210.631 212.851 214.969 216.990 218.920 220.763 222.527
0.000 0.054 2.976 5.930 8.941 12.021 15.175 18.399 21.687 25.032 28.426 31.864 35.338 38.845
–110.530 –110.519 –110.121 –110.027 –110.157 –110.453 –110.870 –111.378 –111.952 –112.573 –113.228 –113.904 –114.594 –115.291
–137.168 –137.333 –146.341 –155.412 –164.480 –173.513 –182.494 –191.417 –200.281 –209.084 –217.829 –226.518 –235.155 –243.742
24.031 23.912 19.110 16.236 14.319 12.948 11.915 11.109 10.461 9.928 9.482 9.101 8.774 8.488
CO2 (g) 213.783 214.013 225.305 234.895 243.278 250.747 257.492 263.644 269.299 274.529 279.393 283.936 288.196 292.205
213.783 213.784 215.296 218.280 221.762 225.379 228.978 232.493 235.895 239.172 242.324 245.352 248.261 251.059
0.000 0.069 4.004 8.307 12.909 17.758 22.811 28.036 33.404 38.893 44.483 50.159 55.908 61.719
–393.510 –393.511 –393.586 –393.672 –393.791 –393.946 –394.133 –394.343 –394.568 –394.801 –395.035 –395.265 –395.488 –395.702
–394.373 –394.379 –394.656 –394.914 –395.152 –395.367 –395.558 –395.724 –395.865 –395.984 –396.081 –396.159 –396.219 –396.264
69.092 68.667 51.536 41.256 34.401 29.502 25.827 22.967 20.678 18.803 17.241 15.918 14.783 13.799
11. METHANE CH4 (g) 298.15 35.695 300 35.765 400 40.631 500 46.627 600 52.742 700 58.603 800 64.084 900 69.137 1000 73.746 1100 77.919 1200 81.682 1300 85.067 1400 88.112 1500 90.856
186.369 186.590 197.501 207.202 216.246 224.821 233.008 240.852 248.379 255.607 262.551 269.225 275.643 281.817
186.369 186.370 187.825 190.744 194.248 198.008 201.875 205.773 209.660 213.511 217.310 221.048 224.720 228.322
0.000 0.066 3.871 8.229 13.199 18.769 24.907 31.571 38.719 46.306 54.289 62.630 71.291 80.242
–74.600 –74.656 –77.703 –80.520 –82.969 –85.023 –86.693 –88.006 –88.996 –89.698 –90.145 –90.367 –90.390 –90.237
–50.530 –50.381 –41.827 –32.525 –22.690 –12.476 –1.993 8.677 19.475 30.358 41.294 52.258 63.231 74.200
8.853 8.772 5.462 3.398 1.975 0.931 0.130 –0.504 –1.017 –1.442 –1.797 –2.100 –2.359 –2.584
12. ACETYLENE C2H2 (g) 298.15 44.036 300 44.174 400 50.388 500 54.751
200.927 201.199 214.814 226.552
200.927 200.927 202.741 206.357
0.000 0.082 4.829 10.097
227.400 227.397 227.161 226.846
209.879 209.770 203.928 198.154
–36.769 –36.524 –26.630 –20.701
T/K 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
S° 287.876 293.189 298.069 302.578 306.768 310.679 314.346
C°p 50.006 50.844 51.535 52.106 52.579 52.974 53.307
10. CARBON DIOXIDE 298.15 37.135 300 37.220 400 41.328 500 44.627 600 47.327 700 49.569 800 51.442 900 53.008 1000 54.320 1100 55.423 1200 56.354 1300 57.144 1400 57.818 1500 58.397
487_S05.indb 46
J/K.mol
3/14/06 2:39:05 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature J/K.mol
S° 236.842 246.021 254.331 261.947 268.995 275.565 281.725 287.528 293.014 298.218
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 210.598 215.014 219.418 223.726 227.905 231.942 235.837 239.592 243.214 246.709
13. ETHYLENE C2H4 (g) 298.15 42.883 300 43.059 400 53.045 500 62.479 600 70.673 700 77.733 800 83.868 900 89.234 1000 93.939 1100 98.061 1200 101.670 1300 104.829 1400 107.594 1500 110.018
219.316 219.582 233.327 246.198 258.332 269.770 280.559 290.754 300.405 309.556 318.247 326.512 334.384 341.892
219.316 219.317 221.124 224.864 229.441 234.393 239.496 244.630 249.730 254.756 259.688 264.513 269.225 273.821
0.000 0.079 4.881 10.667 17.335 24.764 32.851 41.512 50.675 60.280 70.271 80.599 91.223 102.107
14. ETHANE C2H6 (g) 298.15 52.487 300 52.711 400 65.459 500 77.941 600 89.188 700 99.136 800 107.936 900 115.709 1000 122.552 1100 128.553 1200 133.804 1300 138.391 1400 142.399 1500 145.905
229.161 229.487 246.378 262.344 277.568 292.080 305.904 319.075 331.628 343.597 355.012 365.908 376.314 386.260
229.161 229.162 231.379 235.989 241.660 247.835 254.236 260.715 267.183 273.590 279.904 286.103 292.178 298.121
C3H6 (g) 237.488 237.832 256.695 275.637 294.092 311.763 328.564 344.501 359.616 373.961 387.588 400.549 412.892 424.662
T/K 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p 58.121 60.970 63.511 65.831 67.960 69.909 71.686 73.299 74.758 76.077
15. CYCLOPROPANE 298.15 55.571 300 55.941 400 76.052 500 93.859 600 108.542 700 120.682 800 130.910 900 139.658 1000 147.207 1100 153.749 1200 159.432 1300 164.378 1400 168.689 1500 172.453
16. PROPANE C3H8 (g) 298.15 73.597
487_S05.indb 47
5-47
270.313
H°–H° (Tr) 15.747 21.704 27.931 34.399 41.090 47.985 55.067 62.317 69.721 77.264
kJ/mol ∆fH° 226.445 225.968 225.436 224.873 224.300 223.734 223.189 222.676 222.203 221.774
∆fG° 192.452 186.823 181.267 175.779 170.355 164.988 159.672 154.400 149.166 143.964
Log Kf –16.754 –13.941 –11.835 –10.202 –8.898 –7.835 –6.950 –6.204 –5.565 –5.013
52.400 52.341 49.254 46.533 44.221 42.278 40.655 39.310 38.205 37.310 36.596 36.041 35.623 35.327
68.358 68.457 74.302 80.887 87.982 95.434 103.142 111.036 119.067 127.198 135.402 143.660 151.955 160.275
–11.976 –11.919 –9.703 –8.450 –7.659 –7.121 –6.734 –6.444 –6.219 –6.040 –5.894 –5.772 –5.669 –5.581
0.000 0.097 5.999 13.177 21.545 30.972 41.334 52.525 64.445 77.007 90.131 103.746 117.790 132.209
–84.000 –84.094 –88.988 –93.238 –96.779 –99.663 –101.963 –103.754 –105.105 –106.082 –106.741 –107.131 –107.292 –107.260
–32.015 –31.692 –13.473 5.912 26.086 46.800 67.887 89.231 110.750 132.385 154.096 175.850 197.625 219.404
5.609 5.518 1.759 –0.618 –2.271 –3.492 –4.433 –5.179 –5.785 –6.286 –6.708 –7.066 –7.373 –7.640
237.488 237.489 239.924 245.177 251.801 259.115 266.755 274.516 282.277 289.965 297.538 304.967 312.239 319.344
0.000 0.103 6.708 15.230 25.374 36.854 49.447 62.987 77.339 92.395 108.060 124.257 140.915 157.976
53.300 53.195 47.967 43.730 40.405 37.825 35.854 34.384 33.334 32.640 32.249 32.119 32.215 32.507
104.514 104.832 122.857 142.091 162.089 182.583 203.404 224.441 245.618 266.883 288.197 309.533 330.870 352.193
–18.310 –18.253 –16.043 –14.844 –14.111 –13.624 –13.281 –13.026 –12.830 –12.673 –12.545 –12.437 –12.345 –12.264
270.313
0.000
–103.847
–23.458
4.110
3/14/06 2:39:07 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-48 S° 270.769 294.739 317.768 339.753 360.668 380.528 399.381 417.293 434.321 450.526 465.961 480.675 494.721
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 270.314 273.447 280.025 288.162 297.039 306.245 315.555 324.841 334.026 343.064 351.929 360.604 369.080
17. BENZENE C6H6 (l) 298.15 135.950 300 136.312 400 161.793 500 207.599
173.450 174.292 216.837 257.048
173.450 173.453 179.082 190.639
0.000 .252 15.102 33.204
18. BENZENE C6H6 (g) 298.15 82.430 300 83.020 400 113.510 500 139.340 600 160.090 700 176.790 800 190.460 900 201.840 1000 211.430 1100 219.580 1200 226.540 1300 232.520 1400 237.680 1500 242.140
269.190 269.700 297.840 326.050 353.360 379.330 403.860 426.970 448.740 469.280 488.690 507.070 524.490 541.040
269.190 269.190 272.823 280.658 290.517 301.360 312.658 324.084 335.473 346.710 357.743 368.534 379.056 389.302
C10H8 (cr, l) 167.390 168.419 198.948
167.390 167.393 169.833
T/K 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p 73.931 94.014 112.591 128.700 142.674 154.766 165.352 174.598 182.673 189.745 195.853 201.209 205.895
19. NAPHTHALENE 298.15 165.720 300 167.001 353.43 208.722 353.43 400 470
217.200 241.577 276.409
20. NAPHTHALENE 298.15 131.920 300 132.840 400 180.070 500 219.740 600 251.530 700 277.010 800 297.730 900 314.850 1000 329.170 1100 341.240 1200 351.500 1300 360.260 1400 367.780 1500 374.270
487_S05.indb 48
J/K.mol
kJ/mol ∆fH° –103.972 –110.33 –115.658 –119.973 –123.384 –126.016 –127.982 –129.380 –130.296 –130.802 –130.961 –130.829 –130.445
∆fG° –22.959 15.029 34.507 64.961 96.065 127.603 159.430 191.444 223.574 255.770 287.993 320.217 352.422
Log Kf 3.997 –0.657 –3.605 –5.655 –7.168 –8.331 –9.253 –10.000 –10.617 –11.133 –11.572 –11.947 –12.272
49.080 49.077 48.978 50.330
124.521 124.989 150.320 175.559
–21.815 –21.762 –19.630 –18.340
0.000 0.153 10.007 22.696 37.706 54.579 72.962 92.597 113.267 134.827 157.137 180.097 203.607 227.607
82.880 82.780 77.780 73.740 70.490 67.910 65.910 64.410 63.340 62.620 62.200 62.000 61.990 62.110
129.750 130.040 146.570 164.260 182.680 201.590 220.820 240.280 259.890 277.640 299.320 319.090 338.870 358.640
–22.731 –22.641 –19.140 –17.160 –15.903 –15.042 –14.418 –13.945 –13.575 –13.184 –13.029 –12.821 –12.643 –12.489
0.000 0.308 10.290
78.530 78.466 96.099
201.585 202.349 224.543
–35.316 –35.232 –33.186
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 18.980 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 53.702 J/K.mol, cr–l 252.650 169.833 29.270 96.099 224.543 280.916 181.124 39.917 96.067 241.475 322.712 199.114 58.091 97.012 266.859
–33.186 –31.533 –29.658
C10H8 (g) 333.150 333.970 378.800 423.400 466.380 507.140 545.520 581.610 615.550 647.500 677.650 706.130 733.110 758.720
333.150 333.157 338.950 351.400 367.007 384.146 401.935 419.918 437.806 455.426 472.707 489.568 506.009 522.019
H°–H° (Tr) 0.136 8.517 18.872 30.955 44.540 59.427 75.444 92.452 110.325 128.954 148.241 168.100 188.460
0.000 0.244 15.940 36.000 59.624 86.096 114.868 145.523 177.744 211.281 245.932 281.531 317.941 355.051
150.580 150.450 144.190 139.220 135.350 132.330 130.050 128.430 127.510 127.100 126.960 127.060 127.390 127.920
224.100 224.560 250.270 277.340 305.330 333.950 362.920 392.150 421.700 450.630 480.450 509.770 539.740 568.940
–39.260 –39.098 –32.681 –28.973 –26.581 –24.919 –23.696 –22.759 –22.027 –21.398 –20.913 –20.482 –20.137 –19.812
3/14/06 2:39:09 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature H°–H° (Tr)
H2CO (g) 218.760 218.979 229.665 238.900 247.270 255.011 262.236 269.014 275.395 281.416 287.108 292.500 297.616 302.479
218.760 218.761 220.192 223.028 226.381 229.924 233.517 237.088 240.603 244.042 247.396 250.660 253.833 256.915
0.000 0.066 3.789 7.936 12.534 17.560 22.975 28.734 34.792 41.111 47.655 54.392 61.297 68.346
–108.700 –108.731 –110.438 –112.073 –113.545 –114.833 –115.942 –116.889 –117.696 –118.382 –118.966 –119.463 –119.887 –120.249
–102.667 –102.630 –100.340 –97.623 –94.592 –91.328 –87.893 –84.328 –80.666 –76.929 –73.134 –69.294 –65.418 –61.514
17.987 17.869 13.103 10.198 8.235 6.815 5.739 4.894 4.213 3.653 3.183 2.784 2.441 2.142
22. METHANOL CH3OH (g) 298.15 44.101 239.865 240.139 300 44.219 253.845 400 51.713 266.257 500 59.800 277.835 600 67.294 288.719 700 73.958 298.987 800 79.838 308.696 900 85.025 317.896 1000 89.597 326.629 1100 93.624 334.930 1200 97.165 342.833 1300 100.277 350.367 1400 103.014 357.558 1500 105.422
239.865 239.866 241.685 245.374 249.830 254.616 259.526 264.455 269.343 274.158 278.879 283.497 288.007 292.405
0.000 0.082 4.864 10.442 16.803 23.873 31.569 39.817 48.553 57.718 67.262 77.137 87.304 97.729
–201.000 –201.068 –204.622 –207.750 –210.387 –212.570 –214.350 –215.782 –216.916 –217.794 –218.457 –218.936 –219.261 –219.456
–162.298 –162.057 –148.509 –134.109 –119.125 –103.737 –88.063 –72.188 –56.170 –40.050 –23.861 –7.624 8.644 24.930
28.434 28.216 19.393 14.010 10.371 7.741 5.750 4.190 2.934 1.902 1.039 0.306 –0.322 –0.868
C2H4O (g) 263.840 264.180 281.620 297.540 312.360 326.230 339.260 351.520 363.100 374.040 384.400 394.230 403.570 412.460
263.840 263.837 266.147 270.850 276.550 282.667 288.938 295.189 301.431 307.537 313.512 319.350 325.031 330.571
0.000 0.103 6.189 13.345 21.486 30.494 40.258 50.698 61.669 73.153 85.065 97.344 109.954 122.834
–166.190 –166.250 –169.530 –172.420 –174.870 –176.910 –178.570 –179.880 –180.850 –181.560 –182.070 –182.420 –182.640 –182.750
–133.010 –132.800 –121.130 –108.700 –95.720 –82.350 –68.730 –54.920 –40.930 –27.010 –12.860 1.240 15.470 29.580
23.302 23.122 15.818 11.356 8.334 6.145 4.487 3.187 2.138 1.283 0.560 –0.050 –0.577 –1.030
24. ETHANOL C2H5OH (g) 298.15 65.652 281.622 282.029 300 65.926 303.076 400 81.169 322.750 500 95.400 341.257 600 107.656 358.659 700 118.129 375.038 800 127.171 390.482 900 135.049 405.075 1000 141.934 418.892 1100 147.958 431.997 1200 153.232
281.622 281.623 284.390 290.115 297.112 304.674 312.456 320.276 328.033 335.670 343.156
0.000 0.122 7.474 16.318 26.487 37.790 50.065 63.185 77.042 91.543 106.609
–234.800 –234.897 –239.826 –243.940 –247.260 –249.895 –251.951 –253.515 –254.662 –255.454 –255.947
–167.874 –167.458 –144.216 –119.820 –94.672 –69.023 –43.038 –16.825 9.539 36.000 62.520
29.410 29.157 18.832 12.517 8.242 5.151 2.810 0.976 –0.498 –1.709 –2.721
C°p
21. FORMALDEHYDE 298.15 35.387 300 35.443 400 39.240 500 43.736 600 48.181 700 52.280 800 55.941 900 59.156 1000 61.951 1100 64.368 1200 66.453 1300 68.251 1400 69.803 1500 71.146
23. ACETALDEHYDE 298.15 55.318 300 55.510 400 66.282 500 76.675 600 85.942 700 94.035 800 101.070 900 107.190 1000 112.490 1100 117.080 1200 121.060 1300 124.500 1400 127.490 1500 130.090
487_S05.indb 49
kJ/mol ∆fH°
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
T/K
S°
J/K.mol
5-49 ∆fG°
Log Kf
3/14/06 2:39:11 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-50 –(G°–H° (Tr))/T 350.473 357.612 364.571
H°–H° (Tr) 122.168 138.160 154.531
kJ/mol ∆fH° –256.184 –256.206 –256.044
∆fG° 89.070 115.630 142.185
Log Kf –3.579 –4.314 –4.951
25. ACETIC ACID C2H4O2 (g) 298.15 63.438 283.470 283.863 300 63.739 304.404 400 79.665 323.751 500 93.926 341.988 600 106.181 359.162 700 116.627 375.331 800 125.501 390.558 900 132.989 404.904 1000 139.257 418.429 1100 144.462 431.189 1200 148.760 443.240 1300 152.302 454.637 1400 155.220 465.432 1500 157.631
283.470 283.471 286.164 291.765 298.631 306.064 313.722 321.422 329.060 336.576 343.933 351.113 358.105 364.903
0.000 0.118 7.296 15.993 26.014 37.169 49.287 62.223 75.844 90.039 104.707 119.765 135.146 150.793
–432.249 –432.324 –436.006 –438.875 –440.993 –442.466 –443.395 –443.873 –443.982 –443.798 –443.385 –442.795 –442.071 –441.247
–374.254 –373.893 –353.840 –332.950 –311.554 –289.856 –267.985 –246.026 –224.034 –202.046 –180.086 –158.167 –136.299 –114.486
65.567 65.100 46.206 34.783 27.123 21.629 17.497 14.279 11.702 9.594 7.839 6.355 5.085 3.987
26. ACETONE C3H6O (g) 298.15 74.517 300 74.810 400 91.755 500 107.864 600 122.047 700 134.306 800 144.934 900 154.097 1000 162.046 1100 168.908 1200 174.891 1300 180.079 1400 184.556 1500 188.447
295.349 295.809 319.658 341.916 362.836 382.627 401.246 418.860 435.513 451.286 466.265 480.491 493.963 506.850
295.349 295.349 298.498 304.988 312.873 321.470 330.265 339.141 347.950 356.617 365.155 373.513 381.596 389.533
0.000 0.138 8.464 18.464 29.978 42.810 56.785 71.747 87.563 104.136 121.332 139.072 157.314 175.975
–217.150 –217.233 –222.212 –226.522 –230.120 –233.049 –235.350 –237.149 –238.404 –239.283 –239.827 –240.120 –240.203 –240.120
–152.716 –152.339 –129.913 –106.315 –81.923 –56.986 –31.673 –6.109 19.707 45.396 71.463 97.362 123.470 149.369
26.757 26.521 16.962 11.107 7.133 4.252 2.068 0.353 –1.030 –2.157 –3.110 –3.912 –4.607 –5.202
27. PHENOL C6H6O (g) 298.15 103.220 300 103.860 400 135.790 500 161.910 600 182.480 700 198.840 800 212.140 900 223.190 1000 232.490 1100 240.410 1200 247.200 1300 253.060 1400 258.120 1500 262.520
314.810 315.450 349.820 383.040 414.450 443.860 471.310 496.950 520.960 543.500 564.720 584.740 603.680 621.650
314.810 314.810 319.278 328.736 340.430 353.134 366.211 379.327 392.302 405.033 417.468 429.568 441.331 452.767
0.000 0.192 12.217 27.152 44.412 63.508 84.079 105.861 128.658 152.314 176.703 201.723 227.288 253.325
–32.630 –32.230 –10.180 12.970 36.650 60.750 85.020 109.590 134.280 158.620 183.350 208.070 233.050 257.540
5.720 5.610 1.330 –1.360 –3.190 –4.530 –5.550 –6.360 –7.010 –7.530 –7.980 –8.360 –8.700 –8.970
261.455 261.456 264.001 269.155 275.284 281.732 288.199 294.542
0.000 0.113 6.822 14.499 22.890 31.801 41.094 50.670
–888.518 –888.240 –873.120 –857.852 –842.533 –827.210 –811.903 –796.622
155.663 154.654 114.016 89.618 73.348 61.726 53.011 46.234
T/K 1300 1400 1500
C°p 157.849 161.896 165.447
J/K.mol
S° 444.448 456.298 467.591
28. CARBON TETRAFLUORIDE CF4 (g) 298.15 61.050 261.455 261.833 300 61.284 281.057 400 72.399 298.153 500 80.713 313.434 600 86.783 327.162 700 91.212 339.566 800 94.479 350.842 900 96.929
487_S05.indb 50
–96.400 –96.490 –100.870 –104.240 –106.810 –108.800 –110.300 –111.370 –111.990 –112.280 –112.390 –112.330 –112.120 –111.780 –933.200 –933.219 –933.986 –934.372 –934.490 –934.431 –934.261 –934.024
3/14/06 2:39:13 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature –(G°–H° (Tr))/T 300.695 306.629 312.334 317.811 323.069 328.116
H°–H° (Tr) 60.460 70.416 80.500 90.687 100.957 111.295
kJ/mol ∆fH° –933.745 –933.442 –933.125 –932.800 –932.470 –932.137
∆fG° –781.369 –766.146 –750.952 –735.784 –720.641 –705.522
259.675 259.676 261.807 266.149 271.368 276.917 282.542 288.116 293.572 298.879 304.022 308.997 313.804 318.449
0.000 0.095 5.722 12.275 19.593 27.519 35.930 44.732 53.854 63.240 72.849 82.647 92.607 102.709
–696.700 –696.735 –698.427 –699.715 –700.634 –701.253 –701.636 –701.832 –701.879 –701.805 –701.629 –701.368 –701.033 –700.635
–662.237 –662.023 –650.186 –637.969 –625.528 –612.957 –600.315 –587.636 –574.944 –562.253 –549.574 –536.913 –524.274 –511.662
116.020 115.267 84.905 66.647 54.456 45.739 39.196 34.105 30.032 26.699 23.922 21.573 19.561 17.817
30. CHLOROTRIFLUOROMETHANE 298.15 66.886 285.419 285.834 300 67.111 306.646 400 77.528 324.797 500 85.013 340.794 600 90.329 355.020 700 94.132 367.780 800 96.899 379.317 900 98.951 389.827 1000 100.507 399.465 1100 101.708 408.357 1200 102.651 416.604 1300 103.404 424.290 1400 104.012 431.484 1500 104.512
CClF3 (g) 285.419 285.421 288.187 293.734 300.271 307.096 313.897 320.536 326.947 333.108 339.013 344.668 350.084 355.273
0.000 0.124 7.383 15.532 24.314 33.547 43.106 52.903 62.880 72.993 83.213 93.517 103.889 114.316
–707.800 –707.810 –708.153 –708.170 –707.975 –707.654 –707.264 –706.837 –706.396 –705.950 –705.505 –705.064 –704.628 –704.196
–667.238 –666.986 –653.316 –639.599 –625.901 –612.246 –598.642 –585.090 –571.586 –558.126 –544.707 –531.326 –517.977 –504.660
116.896 116.131 85.313 66.818 54.489 45.686 39.087 33.957 29.856 26.503 23.710 21.349 19.326 17.574
31. DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE 298.15 72.476 300.903 301.352 300 72.691 323.682 400 82.408 342.833 500 89.063 359.500 600 93.635 374.189 700 96.832 387.276 800 99.121 399.053 900 100.801 409.742 1000 102.062 419.517 1100 103.030 428.515 1200 103.786 436.847 1300 104.388 444.602 1400 104.874 451.851 1500 105.270
CCl2F2 (g) 300.903 300.905 303.883 309.804 316.729 323.909 331.027 337.942 344.596 350.969 357.061 362.882 368.445 373.767
0.000 0.134 7.919 16.514 25.663 35.196 44.999 55.000 65.146 75.402 85.745 96.154 106.618 117.126
–486.000 –486.002 –485.945 –485.618 –485.136 –484.576 –483.984 –483.388 –482.800 –482.226 –481.667 –481.121 –480.588 –480.065
–447.030 –446.788 –433.716 –420.692 –407.751 –394.897 –382.126 –369.429 –356.799 –344.227 –331.706 –319.232 –306.799 –294.404
78.317 77.792 56.637 43.949 35.497 29.467 24.950 21.441 18.637 16.346 14.439 12.827 11.447 10.252
CHClF2 (g) 280.915 280.916 283.231 287.898 293.448
0.000 0.104 6.188 13.123 20.733
–475.000 –475.028 –476.390 –477.398 –478.103
–443.845 –443.652 –432.978 –422.001 –410.851
77.759 77.246 56.540 44.086 35.767
T/K 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p 98.798 100.250 101.396 102.314 103.059 103.671
J/K.mol
S° 361.156 370.643 379.417 387.571 395.181 402.313
29. TRIFLUOROMETHANE CHF3 (g) 298.15 51.069 259.675 259.991 300 51.258 276.113 400 61.148 290.700 500 69.631 304.022 600 76.453 316.230 700 81.868 327.455 800 86.201 337.818 900 89.719 347.426 1000 92.617 356.370 1100 95.038 364.730 1200 97.084 372.571 1300 98.833 379.952 1400 100.344 386.921 1500 101.660
32. CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE 298.15 55.853 280.915 281.261 300 56.039 298.701 400 65.395 314.145 500 73.008 328.003 600 78.940
487_S05.indb 51
5-51 Log Kf 40.814 36.381 32.688 29.564 26.887 24.568
3/14/06 2:39:15 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-52 J/K.mol
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 299.294 305.172 310.956 316.586 322.033 327.289 332.352 337.228 341.923
H°–H° (Tr) 28.867 37.411 46.280 55.413 64.761 74.289 83.966 93.769 103.681
kJ/mol ∆fH° –478.574 –478.870 –479.031 –479.090 –479.068 –478.982 –478.843 –478.661 –478.443
∆fG° –399.603 –388.299 –376.967 –365.622 –354.276 –342.935 –331.603 –320.283 –308.978
CH5N (g) 242.881 243.196 258.986 273.486 287.063 299.826 311.865 323.239 334.006 344.233 353.944 363.190 372.012 380.426
242.881 242.893 244.975 249.244 254.431 260.008 265.749 271.511 277.220 282.861 288.374 293.775 299.061 304.209
0.000 0.091 5.604 12.121 19.579 27.873 36.893 46.555 56.786 67.509 78.685 90.239 102.131 114.326
–22.529 –22.614 –26.846 –30.431 –33.364 –35.712 –37.548 –38.949 –39.967 –40.681 –41.136 –41.376 –41.451 –41.381
32.734 33.077 52.294 72.510 93.382 114.702 136.316 158.138 180.098 201.822 224.240 246.364 268.504 290.639
–5.735 –5.759 –6.829 –7.575 –8.129 –8.559 –8.900 –9.178 –9.407 –9.584 –9.761 –9.899 –10.018 –10.121
34. CHLORINE Cl (g) 21.838 298.15 300 21.852 400 22.467 500 22.744 600 22.781 700 22.692 800 22.549 900 22.389 1000 22.233 1100 22.089 1200 21.959 1300 21.843 1400 21.742 1500 21.652
165.190 165.325 171.703 176.752 180.905 184.411 187.432 190.079 192.430 194.542 196.458 198.211 199.826 201.323
165.190 165.190 166.055 167.708 169.571 171.448 173.261 174.986 176.615 178.150 179.597 180.963 182.253 183.475
0.000 0.040 2.259 4.522 6.800 9.074 11.337 13.584 15.815 18.031 20.233 22.423 24.602 26.772
121.302 121.311 121.795 122.272 122.734 123.172 123.585 123.971 124.334 124.675 124.996 125.299 125.587 125.861
105.306 105.207 99.766 94.203 88.546 82.813 77.019 71.175 65.289 59.368 53.416 47.439 41.439 35.418
–18.449 –18.318 –13.028 –9.841 –7.709 –6.179 –5.029 –4.131 –3.410 –2.819 –2.325 –1.906 –1.546 –1.233
35. DICHLORINE Cl2 (g) 298.15 33.949 300 33.981 400 35.296 500 36.064 600 36.547 700 36.874 800 37.111 900 37.294 1000 37.442 1100 37.567 1200 37.678 1300 37.778 1400 37.872 1500 37.961
223.079 223.290 233.263 241.229 247.850 253.510 258.450 262.832 266.769 270.343 273.617 276.637 279.440 282.056
223.079 223.080 224.431 227.021 229.956 232.926 235.815 238.578 241.203 243.692 246.052 248.290 250.416 252.439
0.000 0.063 3.533 7.104 10.736 14.408 18.108 21.829 25.566 29.316 33.079 36.851 40.634 44.426
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
186.902 186.902
0.000 0.054
–92.310 –92.314
–95.298 –95.317
16.696 16.596
C°p 83.551 87.185 90.100 92.475 94.433 96.066 97.438 98.601 99.593
S° 340.533 351.936 362.379 371.999 380.908 389.196 396.941 404.206 411.044
33. METHYLAMINE 298.15 50.053 300 50.227 400 60.171 500 70.057 600 78.929 700 86.711 800 93.545 900 99.573 1000 104.886 1100 109.576 1200 113.708 1300 117.341 1400 120.542 1500 123.353
T/K 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
36. HYDROGEN CHLORIDE HCl (g) 29.136 186.902 298.15 187.082 300 29.137
487_S05.indb 52
Log Kf 29.818 25.353 21.878 19.098 16.823 14.927 13.324 11.950 10.759
3/14/06 2:39:17 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
487_S05.indb 53
J/K.mol
S° 195.468 201.990 207.354 211.943 215.980 219.604 222.907 225.949 228.774 231.414 233.893 236.232
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 188.045 190.206 192.630 195.069 197.435 199.700 201.858 203.912 205.867 207.732 209.513 211.217
5-53 H°–H° (Tr) 2.969 5.892 8.835 11.812 14.836 17.913 21.049 24.241 27.488 30.786 34.132 37.522
kJ/mol ∆fH° –92.587 –92.911 –93.249 –93.577 –93.879 –94.149 –94.384 –94.587 –94.760 –94.908 –95.035 –95.146
T/K 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p 29.175 29.304 29.576 29.988 30.500 31.063 31.639 32.201 32.734 33.229 33.684 34.100
37. COPPER 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1358
Cu (cr, l) 24.440 24.460 25.339 25.966 26.479 26.953 27.448 28.014 28.700 29.553 30.617 31.940 32.844
1358 1400 1500
32.800 32.800 32.800
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 13.141 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 83.951 52.443 42.788 84.950 53.403 44.166 87.213 55.583 47.446
38. COPPER 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Cu (g) 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.788 20.793 20.803 20.823 20.856
166.397 166.525 172.505 177.143 180.933 184.137 186.913 189.361 191.551 193.532 195.341 197.006 198.548 199.986
166.397 166.397 167.213 168.752 170.476 172.205 173.874 175.461 176.963 178.380 179.719 180.986 182.186 183.325
0.000 0.038 2.117 4.196 6.274 8.353 10.431 12.510 14.589 16.667 18.746 20.826 22.907 24.991
337.600 337.594 337.179 336.691 336.147 335.554 334.913 334.219 333.463 332.631 331.703 330.657 316.342 315.146
39. COPPER OXIDE 42.300 298.15 300 42.417 400 46.783 500 49.190 600 50.827 700 52.099 800 53.178 900 54.144 1000 55.040 1100 55.890 1200 56.709
CuO (cr) 42.740 43.002 55.878 66.596 75.717 83.651 90.680 97.000 102.751 108.037 112.936
42.740 42.741 44.467 47.852 51.755 55.757 59.691 63.491 67.134 70.615 73.941
0.000 0.078 4.564 9.372 14.377 19.526 24.791 30.158 35.617 41.164 46.794
–162.000 –161.994 –161.487 –160.775 –159.973 –159.124 –158.247 –157.356 –156.462 –155.582 –154.733
33.150 33.301 40.467 46.192 50.973 55.090 58.721 61.986 64.971 67.745 70.361 72.862 74.275
33.150 33.150 34.122 35.982 38.093 40.234 42.322 44.328 46.245 48.075 49.824 51.501 52.443
0.000 0.045 2.538 5.105 7.728 10.399 13.119 15.891 18.726 21.637 24.644 27.769 29.647
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
∆fG° –96.278 –97.164 –97.983 –98.746 –99.464 –100.145 –100.798 –101.430 –102.044 –102.645 –103.235 –103.817
Log Kf 12.573 10.151 8.530 7.368 6.494 5.812 5.265 4.816 4.442 4.124 3.852 3.615
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
9.676 J/K⋅mol, cr–l 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
297.873 297.626 284.364 271.215 258.170 245.221 232.359 219.581 206.883 194.265 181.726 169.270 157.305 145.987 –134.277 –134.105 –124.876 –115.803 –106.883 –98.102 –89.444 –80.897 –72.450 –64.091 –55.812
–52.185 –51.821 –37.134 –28.333 –22.475 –18.298 –15.171 –12.744 –10.806 –9.225 –7.910 –6.801 –5.869 –5.084 23.524 23.349 16.307 12.098 9.305 7.320 5.840 4.695 3.784 3.043 2.429
3/14/06 2:39:19 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-54 T/K 1300 1400 1500
S° 117.507 121.797 125.845
C°p 57.507 58.288 59.057
40. DICOPPER OXIDE 298.15 62.600 300 62.721 400 67.587 500 70.784 600 73.323 700 75.552 800 77.616 900 79.584 1000 81.492 1100 83.360 1200 85.202 1300 87.026 1400 88.836 1500 90.636
Cu2O (cr) 92.550 92.938 111.712 127.155 140.291 151.764 161.989 171.245 179.729 187.584 194.917 201.808 208.324 214.515
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 77.118 80.158 83.070
H°–H° (Tr) 52.505 58.295 64.163
kJ/mol ∆fH° –153.940 –166.354 –165.589
92.550 92.551 95.078 99.995 105.643 111.429 117.121 122.629 127.920 132.992 137.850 142.507 146.978 151.276
0.000 0.116 6.654 13.580 20.789 28.235 35.894 43.755 51.809 60.052 68.480 77.092 85.885 94.858
–173.100 –173.102 –173.036 –172.772 –172.389 –171.914 –171.363 –170.750 –170.097 –169.431 –168.791 –168.223 –194.030 –193.438
108.070 108.071 110.957 116.532 122.884 127.732
0.000 0.133 7.577 15.336 23.282 29.329
–218.000 –217.975 –216.494 –214.873 –213.182 –211.185
∆fG° –47.601 –39.043 –29.975 –150.344 –150.203 –142.572 –134.984 –127.460 –120.009 –112.631 –105.325 –98.091 –90.922 –83.814 –76.756 –68.926 –60.010
Log Kf 1.913 1.457 1.044 26.339 26.152 18.618 14.101 11.096 8.955 7.354 6.113 5.124 4.317 3.648 3.084 2.572 2.090
41. COPPER DICHLORIDE 298.15 71.880 300 71.998 400 76.338 500 78.654 600 80.175 675 81.056
CuCl2 (cr, l) 108.070 108.515 129.899 147.204 161.687 171.183
675 700 800 871
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 0.700 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 1.037 J/K.mol, crII–crI 172.220 127.732 30.029 –211.185 –120.693 175.216 129.375 32.089 –210.719 –117.350 186.219 135.808 40.329 –208.898 –104.137 193.226 140.207 46.179 –192.649 –94.893
9.340 8.757 6.799 5.691
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 15.001 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 17.221 J/K.mol, crI–l 210.447 140.207 61.180 –192.649 –94.893 213.723 142.523 64.080 –191.640 –91.655 224.259 150.179 74.080 –188.212 –80.730 233.790 157.353 84.080 –184.873 –70.144 236.547 159.470 87.155 –183.867 –66.951
5.691 5.319 4.217 3.331 3.093
42. COPPER DICHLORIDE 298.15 56.814 300 56.869 400 58.992 500 60.111 600 60.761 700 61.168 800 61.439 900 61.630 1000 61.776 1100 61.900 1200 62.022 1300 62.159 1400 62.325 1500 62.531
CuCl2 (g) 278.418 278.769 295.456 308.752 319.774 329.173 337.360 344.608 351.109 357.003 362.394 367.364 371.976 376.283
278.418 278.419 280.679 285.010 289.911 294.865 299.677 304.274 308.638 312.771 316.685 320.395 323.916 327.265
0.000 0.105 5.911 11.871 17.918 24.015 30.147 36.301 42.471 48.655 54.851 61.060 67.284 73.526
–43.268 –43.271 –43.428 –43.606 –43.814 –44.060 –44.349 –44.688 –45.088 –45.566 –46.139 –46.829 –60.784 –61.613
–49.883 –49.924 –52.119 –54.271 –56.385 –58.462 –60.500 –62.499 –64.457 –66.372 –68.239 –70.053 –71.404 –72.133
8.739 8.692 6.806 5.670 4.909 4.362 3.950 3.627 3.367 3.152 2.970 2.815 2.664 2.512
43. FLUORINE F (g) 22.746 298.15 300 22.742 400 22.432 500 22.100
158.750 158.891 165.394 170.363
158.750 158.750 159.639 161.307
0.000 0.042 2.302 4.528
79.380 79.393 80.043 80.587
62.280 62.173 56.332 50.340
–10.911 –10.825 –7.356 –5.259
871 900 1000 1100 1130.75
487_S05.indb 54
J/K.mol
82.400 82.400 82.400 82.400 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000
–173.826 –173.552 –158.962 –144.765 –130.901 –120.693
30.453 30.218 20.758 15.123 11.396 9.340
3/14/06 2:39:20 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature kJ/mol ∆fH° 81.046 81.442 81.792 82.106 82.391 82.654 82.897 83.123 83.335 83.533
S° 174.368 177.717 180.595 183.117 185.362 187.386 189.227 190.917 192.479 193.930
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 163.161 165.008 166.780 168.458 170.039 171.525 172.925 174.245 175.492 176.673
H°–H° (Tr) 6.724 8.897 11.052 13.193 15.324 17.447 19.563 21.675 23.782 25.886
202.790 202.984 212.233 219.739 226.070 231.545 236.365 240.669 244.557 248.103 251.363 254.381 257.191 259.820
202.790 202.790 204.040 206.453 209.208 212.017 214.765 217.409 219.932 222.334 224.619 226.794 228.866 230.843
0.000 0.058 3.277 6.643 10.117 13.669 17.279 20.934 24.625 28.346 32.093 35.863 39.654 43.466
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
45. HYDROGEN FLUORIDE HF (g) 29.137 173.776 298.15 173.956 300 29.137 400 29.149 182.340 500 29.172 188.846 600 29.230 194.169 700 29.350 198.683 800 29.549 202.614 900 29.827 206.110 1000 30.169 209.270 1100 30.558 212.163 1200 30.974 214.840 1300 31.403 217.336 1400 31.831 219.679 1500 32.250 221.889
173.776 173.776 174.919 177.078 179.496 181.923 184.269 186.505 188.626 190.636 192.543 194.355 196.081 197.729
0.000 0.054 2.968 5.884 8.804 11.732 14.676 17.645 20.644 23.680 26.756 29.875 33.037 36.241
–273.300 –273.302 –273.450 –273.679 –273.961 –274.277 –274.614 –274.961 –275.309 –275.652 –275.988 –276.315 –276.631 –276.937
–275.399 –275.412 –276.096 –276.733 –277.318 –277.852 –278.340 –278.785 –279.191 –279.563 –279.904 –280.217 –280.505 –280.771
48.248 47.953 36.054 28.910 24.142 20.733 18.174 16.180 14.583 13.275 12.184 11.259 10.466 9.777
46. GERMANIUM Ge (cr, l) 23.222 31.090 298.15 31.234 300 23.249 400 24.310 38.083 500 24.962 43.582 600 25.452 48.178 700 25.867 52.133 800 26.240 55.612 900 26.591 58.723 1000 26.926 61.542 1100 27.252 64.124 1200 27.571 66.509 1211.4 27.608 66.770
31.090 31.090 32.017 33.798 35.822 37.876 39.880 41.804 43.639 45.386 47.048 47.232
0.000 0.043 2.426 4.892 7.414 9.980 12.586 15.227 17.903 20.612 23.353 23.668
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 37.030 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 30.568 J/K.mol, cr–l 97.338 47.232 60.698 0.000 0.000 99.286 50.714 63.143 0.000 0.000 101.331 54.258 65.903 0.000 0.000 103.236 57.460 68.663 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
T/K 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p 21.832 21.629 21.475 21.357 21.266 21.194 21.137 21.091 21.054 21.022
44. DIFLUORINE F2 (g) 298.15 31.304 300 31.337 400 32.995 500 34.258 600 35.171 700 35.839 800 36.343 900 36.740 1000 37.065 1100 37.342 1200 37.588 1300 37.811 1400 38.019 1500 38.214
1211.4 1300 1400 1500
487_S05.indb 55
J/K.mol
5-55
27.600 27.600 27.600 27.600
∆fG° 44.246 38.081 31.862 25.601 19.308 12.986 6.642 0.278 –6.103 –12.498
Log Kf –3.852 –2.842 –2.080 –1.486 –1.009 –0.617 –0.289 –0.011 0.228 0.435
3/14/06 2:39:22 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-56 T/K
S°
J/K.mol
H°–H° (Tr)
167.903 167.904 169.119 171.415 173.965 176.487 178.882 181.122 183.205 185.141 186.941 188.621 190.192 191.666
0.000 0.057 3.162 6.239 9.222 12.090 14.845 17.501 20.072 22.575 25.025 27.432 29.807 32.159
367.800 367.814 368.536 369.147 369.608 369.910 370.060 370.073 369.969 369.763 369.471 332.088 331.704 331.296
327.009 326.756 312.959 298.991 284.914 270.773 256.598 242.414 228.234 214.069 199.928 188.521 177.492 166.491
39.710 39.711 41.850 46.191 51.299 56.597 61.841 66.928 71.819 76.504 80.987 85.279 85.615
0.000 0.093 5.759 12.164 18.943 25.952 33.125 40.436 47.877 55.447 63.155 71.010 71.646
–580.200 –580.204 –579.893 –579.013 –577.915 –576.729 –575.498 –574.235 –572.934 –571.582 –570.166 –605.685 –584.059
–521.605 –521.242 –501.610 –482.134 –462.859 –443.776 –424.866 –406.113 –387.502 –369.024 –350.671 –329.732 –328.034
91.382 90.755 65.503 50.368 40.295 33.115 27.741 23.570 20.241 17.523 15.264 13.249 13.100
80.075 81.297
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 21.500 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 16.437 J/K.mol, crII–crI 156.827 85.615 93.146 –584.059 –328.034 161.617 89.858 99.601 –565.504 –312.415
13.100 11.757
78.500 78.500 78.500
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 17.200 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 12.392 J/K.mol, crI–l 174.009 89.858 116.801 –565.504 –312.415 174.685 90.582 117.743 –565.328 –310.228 180.100 96.372 125.593 –563.882 –292.057
11.757 11.575 10.170
47. GERMANIUM Ge (g) 298.15 30.733 300 30.757 400 31.071 500 30.360 600 29.265 700 28.102 800 27.029 900 26.108 1000 25.349 1100 24.741 1200 24.264 1300 23.898 1400 23.624 1500 23.426
167.903 168.094 177.025 183.893 189.334 193.758 197.439 200.567 203.277 205.664 207.795 209.722 211.483 213.105
48. GERMANIUM DIOXIDE GeO2 (cr, l) 298.15 50.166 39.710 40.021 300 50.475 56.248 400 61.281 70.519 500 66.273 82.872 600 69.089 93.671 700 70.974 103.247 800 72.449 111.857 900 73.764 119.696 1000 75.049 126.910 1100 76.378 133.616 1200 77.796 139.903 1300 79.332 140.390 1308 79.460 1308 1388 1388 1400 1500
49. GERMANIUM TETRACHLORIDE 298.15 95.918 348.393 348.987 300 96.041 377.342 400 100.750 400.114 500 103.206 419.067 600 104.624 435.266 700 105.509 449.396 800 106.096 461.917 900 106.504 473.155 1000 106.799 483.344 1100 107.020 492.664 1200 107.189 501.249 1300 107.320 509.206 1400 107.425 516.621 1500 107.509 50. HYDROGEN H (g) 20.786 298.15 300 20.786 400 20.786 500 20.786
487_S05.indb 56
kJ/mol ∆fH°
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
C°p
114.716 114.845 120.824 125.463
GeCl4 (g) 348.393 348.395 352.229 359.604 367.980 376.463 384.715 392.611 400.113 407.224 413.961 420.349 426.416 432.185
0.000 0.178 10.045 20.255 30.652 41.162 51.744 62.375 73.041 83.733 94.444 105.169 115.907 126.654
114.716 114.716 115.532 117.071
0.000 0.038 2.117 4.196
∆fG°
–500.000 –499.991 –499.447 –498.845 –498.234 –497.634 –497.057 –496.509 –495.993 –495.512 –495.067 –531.677 –531.265 –530.861
–461.582 –461.343 –448.540 –435.882 –423.347 –410.914 –398.565 –386.287 –374.068 –361.899 –349.772 –334.973 –319.857 –304.771
217.998 218.010 218.635 219.253
203.276 203.185 198.149 192.956
Log Kf –57.290 –56.893 –40.868 –31.235 –24.804 –20.205 –16.754 –14.069 –11.922 –10.165 –8.703 –7.575 –6.622 –5.798
80.866 80.326 58.573 45.536 36.855 30.662 26.023 22.419 19.539 17.185 15.225 13.459 11.934 10.613 –35.613 –35.377 –25.875 –20.158
3/14/06 2:39:24 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature kJ/mol ∆fH° 219.867 220.476 221.079 221.670 222.247 222.806 223.345 223.864 224.360 224.835
S° 129.252 132.457 135.232 137.680 139.870 141.852 143.660 145.324 146.864 148.298
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 118.795 120.524 122.193 123.780 125.282 126.700 128.039 129.305 130.505 131.644
H°–H° (Tr) 6.274 8.353 10.431 12.510 14.589 16.667 18.746 20.824 22.903 24.982
51. DIHYDROGEN H2 (g) 298.15 28.836 300 28.849 400 29.181 500 29.260 600 29.327 700 29.440 800 29.623 900 29.880 1000 30.204 1100 30.580 1200 30.991 1300 31.422 1400 31.860 1500 32.296
130.680 130.858 139.217 145.738 151.078 155.607 159.549 163.052 166.217 169.113 171.791 174.288 176.633 178.846
130.680 130.680 131.818 133.974 136.393 138.822 141.172 143.412 145.537 147.550 149.460 151.275 153.003 154.653
0.000 0.053 2.960 5.882 8.811 11.749 14.702 17.676 20.680 23.719 26.797 29.918 33.082 36.290
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
52. HYDROXYL OH (g) 29.886 298.15 300 29.879 400 29.604 500 29.495 600 29.513 700 29.655 800 29.914 900 30.265 1000 30.682 1100 31.135 1200 31.603 1300 32.069 1400 32.522 1500 32.956
183.737 183.922 192.476 199.067 204.445 209.003 212.979 216.522 219.731 222.677 225.406 227.954 230.347 232.606
183.737 183.738 184.906 187.104 189.560 192.020 194.396 196.661 198.810 200.848 202.782 204.621 206.374 208.048
0.000 0.055 3.028 5.982 8.931 11.888 14.866 17.874 20.921 24.012 27.149 30.332 33.562 36.836
39.349 39.350 39.384 39.347 39.252 39.113 38.945 38.763 38.577 38.393 38.215 38.046 37.886 37.735
34.631 34.602 33.012 31.422 29.845 28.287 26.752 25.239 23.746 22.272 20.814 19.371 17.941 16.521
–6.067 –6.025 –4.311 –3.283 –2.598 –2.111 –1.747 –1.465 –1.240 –1.058 –0.906 –0.778 –0.669 –0.575
T/K 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
487_S05.indb 57
J/K.mol
5-57
C°p 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786
∆fG° 187.639 182.219 176.712 171.131 165.485 159.781 154.028 148.230 142.393 136.522
Log Kf –16.335 –13.597 –11.538 –9.932 –8.644 –7.587 –6.705 –5.956 –5.313 –4.754
53. WATER 298.15 300 373.21
H2O (l) 75.300 75.281 76.079
69.950 70.416 86.896
69.950 69.951 71.715
0.000 0.139 5.666
–285.830 –285.771 –283.454
–237.141 –236.839 –225.160
41.546 41.237 31.513
54. WATER 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
H2O (g) 33.598 33.606 34.283 35.259 36.371 37.557 38.800 40.084 41.385 42.675 43.932 45.138
188.832 189.040 198.791 206.542 213.067 218.762 223.858 228.501 232.792 236.797 240.565 244.129
188.832 188.833 190.158 192.685 195.552 198.469 201.329 204.094 206.752 209.303 211.753 214.108
0.000 0.062 3.453 6.929 10.509 14.205 18.023 21.966 26.040 30.243 34.574 39.028
–241.826 –241.844 –242.845 –243.822 –244.751 –245.620 –246.424 –247.158 –247.820 –248.410 –248.933 –249.392
–228.582 –228.500 –223.900 –219.050 –214.008 –208.814 –203.501 –198.091 –192.603 –187.052 –181.450 –175.807
40.046 39.785 29.238 22.884 18.631 15.582 13.287 11.497 10.060 8.882 7.898 7.064
3/14/06 2:39:26 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-58
487_S05.indb 58
T/K 1400 1500
C°p 46.281 47.356
S° 247.516 250.746
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 216.374 218.559
H°–H° (Tr) 43.599 48.282
kJ/mol ∆fH° –249.792 –250.139
55. IODINE 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
I (g) 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.787 20.789 20.795 20.806 20.824 20.851 20.889 20.936
180.787 180.915 186.895 191.533 195.323 198.527 201.303 203.751 205.942 207.924 209.735 211.403 212.950 214.392
180.787 180.787 181.602 183.142 184.866 186.594 188.263 189.851 191.352 192.770 194.110 195.377 196.577 197.717
0.000 0.038 2.117 4.196 6.274 8.353 10.432 12.510 14.589 16.669 18.751 20.835 22.921 25.013
106.760 106.748 97.974 75.988 76.190 76.385 76.574 76.757 76.936 77.109 77.277 77.440 77.596 77.745
70.172 69.945 58.060 50.202 45.025 39.816 34.579 29.319 24.038 18.740 13.426 8.098 2.758 –2.592
–12.294 –12.178 –7.582 –5.244 –3.920 –2.971 –2.258 –1.702 –1.256 –0.890 –0.584 –0.325 –0.103 0.090
56. DIIODINE I2 (cr, l) 298.15 54.440 300 54.518 386.75 61.531
116.139 116.476 131.039
116.139 116.140 117.884
0.000 0.101 5.088
0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
386.75 400 457.67
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 15.665 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 40.504 J/K.mol, cr–l 171.543 117.884 20.753 0.000 0.000 174.223 119.706 21.807 0.000 0.000 184.938 127.266 26.395 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
79.555 79.555 79.555
J/K.mol
57. DIIODINE I2 (g) 298.15 36.887 300 36.897 400 37.256 457.67 37.385 500 37.464 600 37.613 700 37.735 800 37.847 900 37.956 1000 38.070 1100 38.196 1200 38.341 1300 38.514 1400 38.719 1500 38.959
260.685 260.913 271.584 276.610 279.921 286.765 292.573 297.619 302.083 306.088 309.722 313.052 316.127 318.989 321.668
260.685 260.685 262.138 263.652 264.891 267.983 271.092 274.099 276.965 279.681 282.249 284.679 286.981 289.166 291.245
0.000 0.068 3.778 5.931 7.515 11.269 15.037 18.816 22.606 26.407 30.220 34.047 37.890 41.751 45.635
62.420 62.387 44.391
58. HYDROGEN IODIDE 29.157 298.15 300 29.158 400 29.329 500 29.738 600 30.351 700 31.070 800 31.807 900 32.511 1000 33.156 1100 33.735 1200 34.249 1300 34.703 1400 35.106 1500 35.463
HI (g) 206.589 206.769 215.176 221.760 227.233 231.965 236.162 239.950 243.409 246.597 249.555 252.314 254.901 257.336
206.589 206.589 207.734 209.904 212.348 214.820 217.230 219.548 221.763 223.878 225.896 227.823 229.666 231.430
0.000 0.054 2.977 5.928 8.931 12.002 15.145 18.362 21.646 24.991 28.391 31.839 35.330 38.858
26.500 26.477 17.093 –5.481 –5.819 –6.101 –6.323 –6.489 –6.608 –6.689 –6.741 –6.775 –6.797 –6.814
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
∆fG° –170.132 –164.429
Log Kf 6.348 5.726
19.324 19.056 5.447 pressure = 1 bar 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
–3.385 –3.318 –0.711
1.700 1.546 –6.289 –9.946 –10.806 –11.614 –12.386 –13.133 –13.865 –14.586 –15.302 –16.014 –16.723 –17.432
–0.298 –0.269 0.821 1.039 0.941 0.867 0.809 0.762 0.724 0.693 0.666 0.643 0.624 0.607
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3/14/06 2:39:28 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
T/K
C°p
59. POTASSIUM K (cr, l) 298.15 29.600 300 29.671 336.86 32.130 336.86 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1039.4
32.129 31.552 30.741 30.158 29.851 29.838 30.130 30.730 31.053
60. POTASSIUM K (g) 20.786 298.15 300 20.786 400 20.786 500 20.786 600 20.786 700 20.786 800 20.786 900 20.786 1000 20.786 1039.4 20.786 1100 20.786 1200 20.786 1300 20.789 1400 20.793 1500 20.801
S°
J/K.mol
64.680 64.863 68.422
0.000 0.055 1.188
kJ/mol ∆fH° 0.000 0.000 0.000
∆fG°
Log Kf 0.000 0.000 0.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 2.321 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 6.891 J/K.mol, cr–l 75.313 64.896 3.509 0.000 0.000 80.784 66.986 5.519 0.000 0.000 87.734 70.469 8.632 0.000 0.000 93.283 73.824 11.675 0.000 0.000 97.905 76.943 14.673 0.000 0.000 101.887 79.818 17.655 0.000 0.000 105.415 82.470 20.651 0.000 0.000 108.618 84.927 23.691 0.000 0.000 109.812 85.847 24.908 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
160.340 160.468 166.448 171.086 174.876 178.080 180.856 183.304 185.494 186.297 187.475 189.284 190.948 192.489 193.923
64.680 64.681 64.896
H°–H° (Tr)
0.000 0.000 0.000
61. DIPOTASSIUM OXIDE K2O (cr, l) 298.15 72.000 96.000 96.446 300 72.130 118.158 400 79.154 136.575 500 86.178 151.348 590 92.500
160.340 160.340 161.155 162.695 164.419 166.148 167.817 169.404 170.905 171.474 172.323 173.662 174.929 176.129 177.268
0.000 0.038 2.117 4.196 6.274 8.353 10.431 12.510 14.589 15.408 16.667 18.746 20.825 22.904 24.983
89.000 88.984 85.598 84.563 83.599 82.680 81.776 80.859 79.897
96.000 96.001 98.914 104.647 110.662
0.000 0.133 7.698 15.964 24.005
–361.700 –361.704 –366.554 –366.043 –364.204
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
60.479 60.302 51.332 42.887 34.643 26.557 18.601 10.759 3.021 pressure = 1 bar 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
–10.596 –10.499 –6.703 –4.480 –3.016 –1.982 –1.215 –0.624 –0.158 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
–321.171 –320.920 –306.416 –291.423 –278.079
56.267 55.876 40.013 30.444 24.619
100.000 100.000 100.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 0.700 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 1.186 J/K.mol, crIII–crII 152.534 110.662 24.705 –364.204 –278.079 154.215 111.374 25.705 –363.968 –276.621 161.447 114.618 30.205 –358.901 –270.109
24.619 24.082 21.874
645 700 800 900 1000 1013
100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 4.000 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 6.202 J/K.mol, crII–crI 167.649 114.618 34.205 –358.901 –270.109 175.832 119.111 39.705 –357.592 –262.592 189.185 127.054 49.705 –355.224 –249.183 200.963 134.625 59.705 –352.919 –236.067 211.499 141.794 69.705 –350.732 –223.202 212.791 142.697 71.005 –323.459 –221.546
21.874 19.595 16.270 13.701 11.659 11.424
1013 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000 100.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 27.000 kJ/mol, ∆trs S =26.654 J/K.mol, crI–l 239.444 142.697 98.005 –323.459 –221.546 247.684 150.679 106.705 –479.439 –203.633 256.385 159.131 116.705 –475.371 –178.740 264.389 166.924 126.705 –471.321 –154.185 271.800 174.154 136.705 –467.287 –129.941 278.699 180.896 146.705 –463.268 –105.986
11.424 9.670 7.780 6.195 4.848 3.691
590 600 645
487_S05.indb 59
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
5-59
3/14/06 2:39:30 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-60 T/K
C°p
S°
J/K.mol
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
62. POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE KOH (cr, l) 298.15 64.900 78.870 79.272 300 65.038 99.007 400 72.519 115.993 500 80.000 119.159 520 81.496
0.000 0.120 6.998 14.624 16.239
kJ/mol ∆fH° –424.580 –424.569 –426.094 –424.572 –417.725
∆fG°
Log Kf
–378.747 –378.463 –362.765 –347.093 –344.002
66.354 65.895 47.372 36.260 34.555
520 600 678
79.000 79.000 79.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 6.450 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 12.404 J/K.mol, crII–crI 131.563 87.931 22.689 –417.725 –344.002 142.868 94.520 29.009 –416.274 –332.766 152.523 100.649 35.171 –405.464 –321.998
34.555 28.969 24.807
678 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000 83.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 9.400 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 13.865 J/K.mol, crI–l 166.388 100.649 44.571 –405.464 –321.998 169.038 102.757 46.397 –404.981 –319.297 180.121 111.750 54.697 –402.808 –307.206 189.897 119.901 62.997 –400.694 –295.383 198.642 127.345 71.297 –398.668 –283.791 206.553 134.192 79.597 –475.618 –267.780 213.775 140.527 87.897 –472.711 –249.014 220.418 146.421 96.197 –469.843 –230.490 226.569 151.929 104.497 –467.011 –212.184 232.296 157.098 112.797 –464.217 –194.080
24.807 23.826 20.058 17.143 14.824 12.716 10.839 9.261 7.917 6.758
63. POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE KOH (g) 49.184 238.283 298.15 238.588 300 49.236 253.053 400 51.178 264.591 500 52.178 274.163 600 52.804 282.340 700 53.296 289.487 800 53.758 295.846 900 54.229 301.585 1000 54.713 306.823 1100 55.203 311.647 1200 55.686 316.122 1300 56.153 320.300 1400 56.598 324.220 1500 57.016
238.283 238.284 240.243 243.998 248.251 252.551 256.730 260.730 264.533 268.143 271.570 274.827 277.927 280.884
0.000 0.091 5.124 10.296 15.547 20.853 26.206 31.605 37.052 42.548 48.092 53.684 59.322 65.003
–227.989 –228.007 –231.377 –232.309 –233.145 –233.934 –234.708 –235.495 –236.322 –316.077 –315.925 –315.764 –315.595 –315.420
–229.685 –229.696 –229.667 –229.129 –228.413 –227.562 –226.599 –225.538 –224.388 –218.535 –209.674 –200.826 –191.991 –183.169
40.239 39.993 29.991 23.937 19.885 16.981 14.795 13.090 11.721 10.377 9.127 8.069 7.163 6.378
64. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE KCl (cr, l) 51.300 82.570 298.15 82.887 300 51.333 97.886 400 52.977 109.867 500 54.448 119.921 600 55.885 128.649 700 57.425 136.430 800 59.205 143.523 900 61.361 150.121 1000 64.032 152.908 1044 65.405
82.570 82.571 84.605 88.498 92.919 97.413 101.812 106.058 110.138 111.882
0.000 0.095 5.312 10.685 16.201 21.865 27.694 33.719 39.983 42.830
–436.490 –436.481 –438.463 –437.990 –437.332 –436.502 –435.505 –434.337 –432.981 –485.450
–408.568 –408.395 –398.651 –388.749 –378.960 –369.295 –359.760 –350.360 –341.100 –336.720
71.579 71.107 52.058 40.612 32.991 27.557 23.490 20.334 17.817 16.847
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 26.320 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 25.210 J/K.mol, cr–l 178.118 111.882 69.150 –485.450 –336.720 181.880 115.351 73.182 –483.633 –328.790 188.145 121.160 80.382 –480.393 –314.856 193.908 126.537 87.582 –477.158 –301.192 199.244 131.542 94.782 –473.928 –287.778 204.211 136.223 101.982 –470.704 –274.594
16.847 15.613 13.705 12.102 10.737 9.562
1044 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
487_S05.indb 60
78.870 78.871 81.512 86.745 87.931
H°–H° (Tr)
72.000 72.000 72.000 72.000 72.000 72.000
3/14/06 2:39:31 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature H°–H° (Tr)
65. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE KCl (g) 298.15 36.505 239.091 239.317 300 36.518 249.904 400 37.066 258.212 500 37.384 265.048 600 37.597 270.857 700 37.769 275.910 800 37.907 280.382 900 38.041 284.397 1000 38.162 288.039 1100 38.279 291.375 1200 38.401 294.454 1300 38.518 297.313 1400 38.639 299.983 1500 38.761
239.091 239.092 240.532 243.267 246.344 249.441 252.441 255.302 258.014 260.581 263.010 265.312 267.496 269.574
0.000 0.068 3.749 7.473 11.222 14.991 18.775 22.572 26.383 30.205 34.039 37.885 41.743 45.613
–214.575 –214.594 –218.112 –219.287 –220.396 –221.461 –222.509 –223.568 –224.667 –304.696 –304.821 –304.941 –305.053 –305.159
–233.320 –233.436 –239.107 –244.219 –249.100 –253.799 –258.347 –262.764 –267.061 –266.627 –263.161 –259.684 –256.199 –252.706
40.876 40.644 31.224 25.513 21.686 18.938 16.868 15.250 13.950 12.661 11.455 10.434 9.559 8.800
66. DINITROGEN N2 (g) 298.15 29.124 300 29.125 400 29.249 500 29.580 600 30.109 700 30.754 800 31.433 900 32.090 1000 32.696 1100 33.241 1200 33.723 1300 34.147 1400 34.517 1500 34.842
191.608 191.788 200.180 206.738 212.175 216.864 221.015 224.756 228.169 231.311 234.224 236.941 239.485 241.878
191.608 191.608 192.752 194.916 197.352 199.812 202.208 204.509 206.706 208.802 210.801 212.708 214.531 216.275
0.000 0.054 2.971 5.911 8.894 11.936 15.046 18.222 21.462 24.759 28.108 31.502 34.936 38.404
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
67. NITRIC OXIDE NO (g) 29.862 210.745 298.15 210.930 300 29.858 219.519 400 29.954 226.255 500 30.493 231.879 600 31.243 236.754 700 32.031 241.081 800 32.770 244.979 900 33.425 248.531 1000 33.990 251.794 1100 34.473 254.811 1200 34.883 257.618 1300 35.234 260.240 1400 35.533 262.700 1500 35.792
210.745 210.746 211.916 214.133 216.635 219.168 221.642 224.022 226.298 228.469 230.540 232.516 234.404 236.209
0.000 0.055 3.041 6.061 9.147 12.310 15.551 18.862 22.233 25.657 29.125 32.632 36.170 39.737
91.277 91.278 91.320 91.340 91.354 91.369 91.386 91.405 91.426 91.445 91.464 91.481 91.495 91.506
87.590 87.567 86.323 85.071 83.816 82.558 81.298 80.036 78.772 77.505 76.237 74.967 73.697 72.425
–15.345 –15.247 –11.272 –8.887 –7.297 –6.160 –5.308 –4.645 –4.115 –3.680 –3.318 –3.012 –2.750 –2.522
NO2 (g) 240.166 240.397 251.554 260.939 269.147 276.471 283.083 289.106 294.631 299.729 304.459
240.166 240.167 241.666 244.605 248.026 251.575 255.107 258.555 261.891 265.102 268.187
0.000 0.069 3.955 8.167 12.673 17.427 22.381 27.496 32.741 38.090 43.526
34.193 34.181 33.637 33.319 33.174 33.151 33.213 33.334 33.495 33.686 33.898
52.316 52.429 58.600 64.882 71.211 77.553 83.893 90.221 96.534 102.828 109.105
–9.165 –9.129 –7.652 –6.778 –6.199 –5.787 –5.478 –5.236 –5.042 –4.883 –4.749
C°p
68. NITROGEN DIOXIDE 298.15 37.178 300 37.236 400 40.513 500 43.664 600 46.383 700 48.612 800 50.405 900 51.844 1000 53.007 1100 53.956 1200 54.741
487_S05.indb 61
kJ/mol ∆fH°
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
T/K
S°
J/K.mol
5-61 ∆fG°
Log Kf
3/14/06 2:39:33 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-62 S° 308.867 312.994 316.871
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 271.148 273.992 276.722
H°–H° (Tr) 49.034 54.603 60.224
69. AMMONIA NH3 (g) 298.15 35.630 300 35.678 400 38.674 500 41.994 600 45.229 700 48.269 800 51.112 900 53.769 1000 56.244 1100 58.535 1200 60.644 1300 62.576 1400 64.339 1500 65.945
192.768 192.989 203.647 212.633 220.578 227.781 234.414 240.589 246.384 251.854 257.039 261.970 266.673 271.168
192.768 192.769 194.202 197.011 200.289 203.709 207.138 210.516 213.816 217.027 220.147 223.176 226.117 228.971
0.000 0.066 3.778 7.811 12.174 16.850 21.821 27.066 32.569 38.309 44.270 50.432 56.779 63.295
70. OXYGEN 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
161.058 161.194 167.430 172.197 176.060 179.310 182.115 184.584 186.789 188.782 190.599 192.270 193.815 195.254
161.058 161.059 161.912 163.511 165.290 167.067 168.777 170.399 171.930 173.372 174.733 176.019 177.236 178.389
205.148 205.330 213.873 220.695 226.454 231.470 235.925 239.937 243.585 246.930 250.019 252.888 255.568 258.081 32.070 32.210 37.030
T/K 1300 1400 1500
C°p 55.399 55.960 56.446
O (g) 21.911 21.901 21.482 21.257 21.124 21.040 20.984 20.944 20.915 20.893 20.877 20.864 20.853 20.845
71. DIOXYGEN O2 (g) 298.15 29.378 300 29.387 400 30.109 500 31.094 600 32.095 700 32.987 800 33.741 900 34.365 1000 34.881 1100 35.314 1200 35.683 1300 36.006 1400 36.297 1500 36.567 72. SULFUR S (cr, l) 22.690 298.15 300 22.737 368.3 24.237 368.3 388.36
487_S05.indb 62
J/K.mol
24.773 25.180
kJ/mol ∆fH° 34.124 34.360 34.604
∆fG° 115.363 121.603 127.827
Log Kf –4.635 –4.537 –4.451
–45.940 –45.981 –48.087 –49.908 –51.430 –52.682 –53.695 –54.499 –55.122 –55.589 –55.920 –56.136 –56.251 –56.282
–16.407 –16.223 –5.980 4.764 15.846 27.161 38.639 50.231 61.903 73.629 85.392 97.177 108.975 120.779
2.874 2.825 0.781 –0.498 –1.379 –2.027 –2.523 –2.915 –3.233 –3.496 –3.717 –3.905 –4.066 –4.206
0.000 0.041 2.207 4.343 6.462 8.570 10.671 12.767 14.860 16.950 19.039 21.126 23.212 25.296
249.180 249.193 249.874 250.481 251.019 251.500 251.932 252.325 252.686 253.022 253.335 253.630 253.908 254.171
231.743 231.635 225.677 219.556 213.319 206.997 200.610 194.171 187.689 181.173 174.628 168.057 161.463 154.851
–40.600 –40.331 –29.470 –22.937 –18.571 –15.446 –13.098 –11.269 –9.804 –8.603 –7.601 –6.753 –6.024 –5.392
205.148 205.148 206.308 208.525 211.045 213.612 216.128 218.554 220.878 223.096 225.213 227.233 229.162 231.007
0.000 0.054 3.026 6.085 9.245 12.500 15.838 19.244 22.707 26.217 29.768 33.352 36.968 40.611
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
32.070 32.070 32.554
0.000 0.042 1.649
0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 0.401 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 1.089 J/K.mol, crII–crI 38.119 32.553 2.050 0.000 0.000 39.444 32.875 2.551 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
3/14/06 2:39:35 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature T/K
C°p
S°
J/K.mol
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
5-63 H°–H° (Tr)
kJ/mol ∆fH°
∆fG°
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 1.722 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 4.431 J/K mol, crI–l 43.875 32.872 4.273 0.000 0.000 44.824 33.206 4.647 0.000 0.000 53.578 36.411 8.584 0.000 0.000 60.116 39.842 12.164 0.000 0.000 65.278 43.120 15.511 0.000 0.000 69.557 46.163 18.715 0.000 0.000 72.693 48.496 21.351 0.000 0.000
Log Kf
.
388.36 400 500 600 700 800 882.38
31.710 32.369 38.026 34.371 32.451 32.000 32.000
73. SULFUR 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
S (g) 23.673 23.669 23.233 22.741 22.338 22.031 21.800 21.624 21.489 21.386 21.307 21.249 21.209 21.186
167.828 167.974 174.730 179.860 183.969 187.388 190.314 192.871 195.142 197.185 199.043 200.746 202.319 203.781
167.828 167.828 168.752 170.482 172.398 174.302 176.125 177.847 179.465 180.985 182.413 183.759 185.029 186.231
0.000 0.044 2.391 4.689 6.942 9.160 11.351 13.522 15.677 17.821 19.955 22.083 24.206 26.325
277.180 277.182 274.924 273.286 271.958 270.829 269.816 215.723 216.018 216.284 216.525 216.743 216.940 217.119
228.165 228.366 237.956 245.686 252.156 257.715 262.589 266.200 266.932 270.852 274.430 277.725 280.781 283.635 286.314
228.165 228.165 229.462 231.959 234.800 237.686 240.501 242.734 243.201 245.773 248.218 250.541 252.751 254.856 256.865
0.000 0.060 3.398 6.863 10.413 14.020 17.671 20.706 21.358 25.079 28.833 32.620 36.439 40.290 44.173
128.600 128.576 122.703 118.296 114.685 111.599 108.841 pressure = 1 bar 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
75. OCTASULFUR S8 (g) 298.15 156.500 432.536 433.505 300 156.768 400 167.125 480.190 500 173.181 518.176 600 177.936 550.180 700 182.441 577.948 800 186.764 602.596 900 190.595 624.821 1000 193.618 645.067 1100 195.684 663.625 1200 196.825 680.707 1300 197.195 696.480 1400 196.988 711.089 1500 196.396 724.662
432.536 432.539 438.834 451.022 464.951 479.152 493.071 506.495 519.355 531.639 543.359 554.539 565.206 575.389
0.000 0.290 16.542 33.577 51.137 69.157 87.620 106.494 125.712 145.185 164.817 184.524 204.237 223.909
SO2 (g) 248.219 248.466
248.219 248.220
0.000 0.074
74. DISULFUR S2 (g) 298.15 32.505 300 32.540 400 34.108 500 35.133 600 35.815 700 36.305 800 36.697 882.38 36.985 900 37.045 1000 37.377 1100 37.704 1200 38.030 1300 38.353 1400 38.669 1500 38.976
76. SULFUR DIOXIDE 298.15 39.842 300 39.909
487_S05.indb 63
101.277 101.231 80.642 66.185 55.101 46.349 39.177 –392.062 –387.728 –383.272 –378.786 –374.356 –370.048 –365.905 –296.810 –296.833
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
236.704 236.453 222.962 210.145 197.646 185.352 173.210 162.258 156.301 150.317 144.309 138.282 132.239 126.182
–41.469 –41.170 –29.115 –21.953 –17.206 –13.831 –11.309 –9.417 –8.164 –7.138 –6.282 –5.556 –4.934 –4.394
79.696 79.393 63.380 49.031 35.530 22.588 10.060
–13.962 –13.823 –8.276 –5.122 –3.093 –1.685 –0.657
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
48.810 48.484 32.003 21.409 13.549 7.343 2.263 6.554 50.614 94.233 137.444 180.283 222.785 264.984
–8.551 –8.442 –4.179 –2.237 –1.180 –0.548 –0.148 –0.380 –2.644 –4.475 –5.983 –7.244 –8.312 –9.227
–300.090 –300.110
52.574 52.253
3/14/06 2:39:37 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature
5-64 T/K 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
C°p 43.427 46.490 48.938 50.829 52.282 53.407 54.290 54.993 55.564 56.033 56.426 56.759
S° 260.435 270.465 279.167 286.859 293.746 299.971 305.646 310.855 315.665 320.131 324.299 328.203
77. SILICON 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Si (cr) 19.789 19.855 22.301 23.610 24.472 25.124 25.662 26.135 26.568 26.974 27.362 27.737 28.103 28.462
18.810 18.933 25.023 30.152 34.537 38.361 41.752 44.802 47.578 50.130 52.493 54.698 56.767 58.719
18.810 18.810 19.624 21.231 23.092 25.006 26.891 28.715 30.464 32.138 33.737 35.265 36.728 38.130
0.000 0.037 2.160 4.461 6.867 9.348 11.888 14.478 17.114 19.791 22.508 25.263 28.055 30.883
78. SILICON 298.15 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Si (g) 22.251 22.234 21.613 21.316 21.153 21.057 21.000 20.971 20.968 20.989 21.033 21.099 21.183 21.282
167.980 168.117 174.416 179.204 183.074 186.327 189.135 191.606 193.815 195.815 197.643 199.329 200.895 202.360
167.980 167.980 168.843 170.456 172.246 174.032 175.748 177.375 178.911 180.358 181.723 183.014 184.236 185.396
SiO2 (cr) 41.460 41.736 55.744 68.505 79.919 90.114 99.674 104.298
41.460 41.461 43.311 47.094 51.633 56.414 61.226 63.533
79. SILICON DIOXIDE 298.15 44.602 300 44.712 400 53.477 500 60.533 600 64.452 700 68.234 800 76.224 848 82.967 848 900 1000 1100 1200
487_S05.indb 64
J/K.mol
67.446 67.953 68.941 69.940 70.947
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T 249.828 252.978 256.634 260.413 264.157 267.796 271.301 274.664 277.882 280.963 283.911 286.735
H°–H° (Tr) 4.243 8.744 13.520 18.513 23.671 28.958 34.345 39.810 45.339 50.920 56.543 62.203
kJ/mol ∆fH° –300.240 –302.735 –304.699 –306.308 –307.691 –362.075 –362.012 –361.934 –361.849 –361.763 –361.680 –361.605
∆fG° –300.935 –300.831 –300.258 –299.386 –298.302 –295.987 –288.647 –281.314 –273.989 –266.671 –259.359 –252.053
Log Kf 39.298 31.427 26.139 22.340 19.477 17.178 15.077 13.358 11.926 10.715 9.677 8.777
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.000 0.041 2.229 4.374 6.497 8.607 10.709 12.808 14.904 17.002 19.103 21.209 23.323 25.446
450.000 450.004 450.070 449.913 449.630 449.259 448.821 448.329 447.791 447.211 446.595 445.946 445.268 444.563
405.525 405.249 390.312 375.388 360.508 345.682 330.915 316.205 301.553 286.957 272.416 257.927 243.489 229.101
–71.045 –70.559 –50.969 –39.216 –31.385 –25.795 –21.606 –18.352 –15.751 –13.626 –11.858 –10.364 –9.085 –7.978
0.000 0.083 4.973 10.705 16.971 23.590 30.758 34.569
–910.700 –910.708 –910.912 –910.540 –909.841 –908.958 –907.668 –906.310
–856.288 –855.951 –837.651 –819.369 –801.197 –783.157 –765.265 –756.747
150.016 149.032 109.385 85.598 69.749 58.439 49.966 46.613
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 0.411 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 0.484 J/K.mol, crII–crII′ 104.782 63.532 34.980 –906.310 –756.747 108.811 66.033 38.500 –905.922 –747.587 116.021 70.676 45.345 –905.176 –730.034 122.639 75.104 52.289 –904.420 –712.557 128.768 79.323 59.333 –901.382 –695.148
46.613 43.388 38.133 33.836 30.259
3/14/06 2:39:39 PM
Thermodynamic Properties as a Function of Temperature T/K
C°p
S°
J/K.mol
–(G°–H° (Tr))/T
5-65 H°–H° (Tr)
kJ/mol ∆fH°
∆fG°
PHASE TRANSITION: ∆trs H = 2.261 kJ/mol, ∆trs S = 1.883 J/K mol, crII′–crI 130.651 79.323 61.594 –901.382 –695.148 136.372 83.494 68.742 –900.574 –677.994 141.707 87.463 75.941 –899.782 –660.903 146.709 91.248 83.191 –899.004 –643.867
Log Kf
.
1200 1300 1400 1500
71.199 71.743 72.249 72.739
80. SILICON TETRACHLORIDE SiCl4 (g) 298.15 90.404 331.446 332.006 300 90.562 359.019 400 96.893 381.058 500 100.449 399.576 600 102.587 415.500 700 103.954 429.445 800 104.875 441.837 900 105.523 452.981 1000 105.995 463.101 1100 106.349 472.366 1200 106.620 480.909 1300 106.834 488.833 1400 107.003 496.220 1500 107.141
487_S05.indb 65
331.446 331.448 335.088 342.147 350.216 358.432 366.455 374.155 381.490 388.456 395.068 401.347 407.316 413.000
0.000 0.167 9.572 19.456 29.616 39.948 50.392 60.914 71.491 82.109 92.758 103.431 114.123 124.830
–662.200 –662.195 –661.853 –661.413 –660.924 –660.417 –659.912 –659.422 –658.954 –658.515 –658.107 –657.735 –657.400 –657.104
–622.390 –622.143 –608.841 –595.637 –582.527 –569.501 –556.548 –543.657 –530.819 –518.027 –505.274 –492.553 –479.860 –467.189
30.259 27.242 24.658 22.421 109.039 108.323 79.505 62.225 50.713 42.496 36.338 31.553 27.727 24.599 21.994 19.791 17.904 16.269
3/14/06 2:39:40 PM
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SYSTEMS This table contains standard state thermodynamic properties of ions and neutral species in aqueous solution. It includes enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation, entropy, and heat capacity, and thus serves as a companion to the preceding table, “Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances”. The standard state is the hypothetical ideal solution with molality m = 1 mol/kg (mean ionic molality m± in the case of a species which is assumed to dissociate at infinite dilution). Further details on conventions may be found in Reference 1. Cations are listed by formula in the first part of the table, followed by anions and finally neutral species. All values refer to standard conditions of 25°C and 100 kPa pressure.
Species Cations Ag+ Al+3 AlOH+2 Ba+2 BaOH+ Be+2 Bi+3 BiOH+2 Ca+2 CaOH+ Cd+2 CdOH+ Ce+3 Ce+4 Co+2 Co+3 Cr+2 Cs+ Cu+ Cu+2 Dy+3 Er+3 Eu+2 Eu+3 Fe+2 Fe+3 FeOH+ FeOH+2 Fe(OH)2+ Ga+2 Ga+3 GaOH+2 Ga(OH)2+ Gd+3 H+ Hg+2 Hg2+2 HgOH+ Ho+3 In+ In+2 In+3
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 105.6 –531.0 –537.6 –382.8
–542.8 –75.9 –696.2 –537.2 –58.2 92.0 –143.5 –258.3 71.7 64.8 –699.0 –705.4 –527.0 –605.0 –89.1 –48.5 –324.7 –290.8
–211.7
–686.0 0 171.1 172.4 –84.5 –705.0
–105.0
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1
S°/ J mol–1K–1
Cp/ J mol–1K–1
77.1 –485.0 –694.1 –560.8 –730.5 –379.7 82.8 –146.4 –553.6 –718.4 –77.6 –261.1 –672.0 –503.8 –54.4 134.0
72.7 –321.7
21.8
–292.0 50.0 65.5 –665.0 –669.1 –540.2 –574.1 –78.9 –4.7 –277.4 –229.4 –438.0 –88.0 –159.0 –380.3 –597.4 –661.0 0 164.4 153.5 –52.3 –673.7 –12.1 –50.7 –98.0
133.1 40.6 –99.6 –231.0 –244.3 –8.0 –222.0 –137.7 –315.9 –29.0 –142.0
9.6 –129.7
–53.1 –73.2 –205.0 –301.0 –113.0 –305.0 –10.5
21.0 21.0 8.0
–331.0
–205.9 0 –32.2 84.5 71.0 –226.8
–151.0
0
17.0
References 1. Wagman, D. D., Evans, W. H., Parker, V. B., Schumm, R. H., Halow, I., Bailey, S. M., Churney, K. L., and Nuttall, R. L., The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2, 1982. 2. Zemaitis, J. F., Clark, D. M., Rafal, M., and Scrivner, N. C., Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte Thermodynamics, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1986.
Species InOH+2 In(OH)2+ K+ La+3 Li+ Lu+3 LuF+2 Mg+2 MgOH+ Mn+2 MnOH+ NH4+ N2H5+ Na+ Nd+3 Ni+2 NiOH+ PH4+ Pa+4 Pb+2 PbOH+ Pd+2 Po+2 Po+4 Pr+3 Pt+2 Ra+2 Rb+ Re+ Sc+3 ScOH+2 Sm+2 Sm+3 Sn+2 SnOH+ Sr+2 SrOH+ Tb+3 Te(OH)3+ Th+4 Th(OH)+3 Th(OH)2+2 Tl+
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 –370.3 –619.0 –252.4 –707.1 –278.5 –665.0 –466.9 –220.8 –450.6 –132.5 –7.5 –240.1 –696.2 –54.0 –287.9 –619.0 –1.7 149.0
–704.6 –527.6 –251.2 –614.2 –861.5 –691.6 –8.8 –286.2 –545.8 –682.8 –608.4 –769.0 –1030.1 –1282.4 5.4
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 –313.0 –525.0 –283.3 –683.7 –293.3 –628.0 –931.4 –454.8 –626.7 –228.1 –405.0 –79.3 82.5 –261.9 –671.6 –45.6 –227.6 92.1 –24.4 –226.3 176.5 71.0 293.0 –679.1 254.8 –561.5 –284.0 –33.0 –586.6 –801.2 –497.5 –666.6 –27.2 –254.8 –559.5 –721.3 –651.9 –496.1 –705.1 –920.5 –1140.9 –32.4
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 –88.0 25.0 102.5 21.8 –217.6 –13.0 13.4 68.6 –264.0 25.0 –138.1 –73.6 –17.0 113.4 151.0 59.0 –206.7 –128.9 –71.0
50.0 79.9 70.3 46.4 –21.0
10.5 –184.0
–209.0
–29.0
54.0 121.5 –255.0 –134.0 –211.7 –17.0 50.0 –32.6
–21.0
–226.0 111.7 –422.6 –343.0 –218.0 125.5
17.0
5-66
Section5.indb 66
4/29/05 3:47:27 PM
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Systems Species
Tl+3 TlOH+2 Tl(OH)2+ Tm+3 U+3 U+4 Y+3 Y2(OH)2+4 Yb+2 Yb+3 Y(OH)+2 Zn+2 ZnOH+ Anions AlO2– Al(OH)4– AsO2– AsO4–3 BF4– BH4– BO2– B4O7–2 BeO2–2 Br– BrO– BrO3– BrO4– CHOO– CH3COO– C2O4–2 C2O4H– Cl– ClO– ClO2– ClO3– ClO4– CN– CO3–2 CrO4–2 Cr2O7–2 F– Fe(CN)6–3 Fe(CN)6–4 HB4O7– HCO3– HF2– HPO3F– HPO4–2 HP2O7–3 HS – HSO3– HSO4– HS2O4– HSe– HSeO3– HSeO4– H2AsO3– H2AsO4– H2PO4– H2P2O7–2
Section5.indb 67
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 196.6
–697.9 –489.1 –591.2 –723.4
–674.5 –153.9
–930.9 –1502.5 –429.0 –888.1 –1574.9 48.2 –772.4 –790.8 –121.6 –94.1 –67.1 13.0 –425.6 –486.0 –825.1 –818.4 –167.2 –107.1 –66.5 –104.0 –129.3 150.6 –677.1 –881.2 –1490.3 –332.6 561.9 455.6 –692.0 –649.9 –1292.1 –2274.8 –17.6 –626.2 –887.3 15.9 –514.6 –581.6 –714.8 –909.6 –1296.3 –2278.6
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 214.6 –15.9 –244.7 –662.0 –476.2 –531.9 –693.8 –1780.3 –527.0 –644.0 –879.1 –147.1 –330.1 –830.9 –1305.3 –350.0 –648.4 –1486.9 114.4 –678.9 –2604.8 –640.1 –104.0 –33.4 18.6 118.1 –351.0 –369.3 –673.9 –698.3 –131.2 –36.8 17.2 –8.0 –8.5 172.4 –527.8 –727.8 –1301.1 –278.8 729.4 695.1 –2685.1 –586.8 –578.1 –1198.2 –1089.2 –1972.2 12.1 –527.7 –755.9 –614.5 44.0 –411.5 –452.2 –587.1 –753.2 –1130.2 –2010.2
5-67
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 –192.0
–243.0 –188.0 –410.0 –251.0
25.0
–238.0
25.0
–112.1
46.0
–36.8 102.9 40.6 –162.8 180.0 110.5 –37.2 –159.0 82.4 42.0 161.7 199.6 92.0 86.6 45.6 149.4 56.5 42.0 101.3 162.3 182.0 94.1 –56.9 50.2 261.9 –13.8 270.3 95.0
–141.8
–87.9 –6.3
–136.4
–106.7
91.2 92.5 –33.5 46.0 62.8 139.7 131.8 79.0 135.1 149.4 110.5 117.0 90.4 163.0
–84.0
Species
I– IO– IO3– IO4– MnO4– MnO4–2 MoO4–2 NO2– NO3– N3– OCN– OH– PO4–3 P2O7–4 Re– S –2 SCN– SO3–2 SO4–2 S2–2 S2O3–2 S2O4–2 S2O8–2 Se–2 SeO3–2 SeO4–2 VO3– VO4–3 WO4–2 Neutral species AgBr AgCl AgF AgI AgNO3 Ag2SO4 AlBr3 AlCl3 AlF3 AlI3 Al2(SO4)3 BaBr2 BaCO3 BaCl2 BaF2 Ba(HCO3)2 BaI2 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 BeSO4 CCl3COOH CHCl2COOH CHOOCs CHOOH CHOOK CHOONH4 CHOONa CHOORb CH2ClCOOH CH3COOCs
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 –55.2 –107.5 –221.3 –151.5 –541.4 –653.0 –997.9 –104.6 –207.4 275.1 –146.0 –230.0 –1277.4 –2271.1 46.0 33.1 76.4 –635.5 –909.3 30.1 –652.3 –753.5 –1344.7 –509.2 –599.1 –888.3 –1075.7 –16.0 –61.6 –227.1 50.4 –101.8 –698.1 –895.0 –1033.0 –1531.0 –699.0 –3791.0 –780.7 –1214.8 –872.0 –1202.9 –1921.6 –648.0 –952.4 –1446.9 –1292.0 –516.3 –512.1 –683.8 –425.6 –677.9 –558.1 –665.7 –676.7 –501.3 –744.3
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 –51.6 –38.5 –128.0 –58.5 –447.2 –500.7 –836.3 –32.2 –111.3 348.2 –97.4 –157.2 –1018.7 –1919.0 10.1 85.8 92.7 –486.5 –744.5 79.5 –522.5 –600.3 –1114.9 129.3 –369.8 –441.3 –783.6 –899.0
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 111.3 –142.3 –5.4 118.4 222.0 191.2 –82.0 59.0 27.2 123.0 –97.5 146.4 –86.6 107.9 106.7 –10.8 –148.5 –220.5 –117.0 230.0 –14.6 144.3 –40.2 –29.0 20.1 –293.0 28.5 67.0 92.0 244.3 13.0 54.0 50.0
–26.9 –54.1 –201.7 25.5 –34.2 –590.3 –799.0 –879.0 –1322.0 –640.0 –3205.0 –768.7 –1088.6 –823.2 –1118.4 –1734.3 –663.9 –783.3 –1305.3 –1124.3
155.2 129.3 59.0 184.1 219.2 165.7 –74.5 –152.3 –363.2 12.1 –583.2 174.5 –47.3 122.6 –18.0 192.0 232.2 302.5 29.7 –109.6
–643.0 –351.0 –634.2 –430.4 –612.9 –635.1
226.0 92.0 192.0 205.0 151.0 213.0
–661.3
219.7
–120.1 –114.6 –84.9 –120.5 –64.9 –251.0
–87.9 –66.1 –7.9 –41.4
4/29/05 3:47:30 PM
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Systems
5-68 Species CH3COOH CH3COOK CH3COONH4 CH3COONa CH3COORb (COOH)2 (CH3)3N CaBr2 CaCO3 CaCl2 CaF2 CaI2 Ca(NO3)2 CaSO4 CdBr2 CdCl2 CdF2 CdI2 Cd(NO3)2 CdSO4 CeCl3 CoBr2 CoCl2 CoI2 Co(NO3)2 CoSO4 CsBr CsCl CsF CsHCO3 CsHSO4 CsI CsNO3 Cs2CO3 Cs2S Cs2SO4 Cs2Se Cu(NO3)2 CuSO4 DyCl3 ErCl3 EuCl2 EuCl3 FeBr2 FeBr3 FeCl2 FeCl3 FeF2 FeF3 FeI2 FeI3 Fe(NO3)3 FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 GdCl3 HBr HCN HCl HF HI
Section5.indb 68
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 –486.0 –738.4 –618.5 –726.1 –737.2 –825.1 –76.0 –785.9 –1220.0 –877.1 –1208.1 –653.2 –957.6 –1452.1 –319.0 –410.2 –741.2 –186.3 –490.6 –985.2 –1197.5 –301.2 –392.5 –168.6 –472.8 –967.3 –379.8 –425.4 –590.9 –950.3 –1145.6 –313.5 –465.6 –1193.7 –483.7 –1425.8 –350.0 –844.5 –1197.0 –1207.1 –862.0 –1106.2 –332.2 –413.4 –423.4 –550.2 –754.4 –1046.4 –199.6 –214.2 –670.7 –998.3 –2825.0 –1188.0 –121.6 150.6 –167.2 –332.6 –55.2
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 –369.3 –652.6 –448.6 –631.2 –653.3 –673.9 93.1 –761.5 –1081.4 –816.0 –1111.2 –656.7 –776.1 –1298.1 –285.5 –340.1 –635.2 –180.8 –300.1 –822.1 –1065.6 –262.3 –316.7 –157.7 –276.9 –799.1 –396.0 –423.2 –570.8 –878.8 –1047.9 –343.6 –403.3 –1111.9 –498.3 –1328.6 –454.8 –157.0 –679.0 –1059.0 –1062.7 –967.7 –286.8 –316.7 –341.3 –398.3 –636.5 –840.9 –182.1 –159.4 –338.3 –823.4 –2242.8 –1059.0 –104.0 172.4 –131.2 –278.8 –51.6
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 86.6 –6.3 189.1 15.5 200.0 73.6 145.6 40.2 207.9 45.6 133.5 111.7 –110.0 59.8 –80.8 169.5 239.7 –33.1 91.6 39.7 –100.8 149.4 219.7 –53.1 –38.0 50.0 109.0 180.0 –92.0 215.5 189.5 119.2 224.3 264.8 244.3 279.5 209.2 251.0 286.2 193.3 –79.5 –61.9 –75.3 –54.0 27.2 –68.6 –24.7 –146.4 –165.3 –357.3 84.9 18.0 123.4 –117.6 –571.5 –36.8 82.4 94.1 56.5 –13.8 111.3
–146.9
–152.7 –99.0
–389.0 –389.0 –402.0
–410.0 –141.8 –136.4 –106.7 –142.3
Species HNO3 HSCN H2SO4 HoCl3 KBr KCl KF KHCO3 KHSO4 KI KNO3 K2CO3 K2S K2SO4 K2Se LaCl3 LiBr LiCl LiF LiI LiNO3 Li2CO3 Li2SO4 LuCl3 MgBr2 MgCl2 MgI2 Mg(NO3)2 MgSO4 MnBr2 MnCl2 MnI2 Mn(NO3)2 MnSO4 NH4Br NH4BrO3 NH4CN NH4Cl NH4ClO3 NH4ClO4 NH4F NH4HCO3 NH4HS NH4HSO3 NH4HSO4 NH4HSeO4 NH4H2AsO3 NH4H2AsO4 NH4H2PO4 NH4H3P2O7 NH4I NH4IO3 NH4NO2 NH4NO3 NH4OH NH4SCN (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2CrO4 (NH4)2Cr2O7 (NH4)2HAsO4
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 –207.4 76.4 –909.3 –1206.7 –373.9 –419.5 –585.0 –944.4 –1139.7 –307.6 –459.7 –1181.9 –471.5 –1414.0 –1208.8 –400.0 –445.6 –611.1 –333.7 –485.9 –1234.1 –1466.2 –1167.0 –709.9 –801.2 –577.2 –881.6 –1376.1 –464.0 –555.1 –331.0 –635.5 –1130.1 –254.1 –199.6 18.0 –299.7 –236.5 –261.8 –465.1 –824.5 –150.2 –758.7 –1019.9 –714.2 –847.3 –1042.1 –1428.8 –2409.1 –187.7 –354.0 –237.2 –339.9 –362.5 –56.1 –942.2 –1146.2 –1755.2 –1171.4
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 –111.3 92.7 –744.5 –1067.3 –387.2 –414.5 –562.1 –870.0 –1039.2 –334.9 –394.5 –1094.4 –480.7 –1311.1 –437.2 –1077.3 –397.3 –424.6 –571.9 –344.8 –404.5 –1114.6 –1331.2 –1021.0 –662.7 –717.1 –558.1 –677.3 –1199.5
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 146.4 –86.6 144.3 –40.2 20.1 –293.0 –57.7 –393.0 184.9 –120.1 159.0 –114.6 88.7 –84.9 193.7 234.3 –63.0 213.8 –120.5 248.9 –64.9 148.1 190.4 225.1 –251.0 –50.0 95.8 69.9 –0.4 124.7 160.2 –29.7 47.3 –96.0 26.8 –25.1 84.5 154.8 –118.0
–423.0 –73.2 –67.8 –38.1 –73.6 –18.0
–490.8
38.9
–222.0
–450.9 –972.7 –183.3 –60.7 93.0 –210.5 –87.3 –87.8 –358.1 –666.1 –67.2 –607.0 –835.2 –531.6 –666.4 –832.5 –1209.6 –2102.6 –130.9 –207.4 –111.6 –190.6 –236.5 13.4 –686.4 –886.4 –1459.5 –873.2
218.0 –53.6 195.8 275.1 207.5 169.9 275.7 295.4 99.6 204.6 176.1 253.1 245.2 262.8 223.8 230.5 203.8 326.0 224.7 231.8 236.4 259.8 102.5 257.7 169.9 277.0 488.7 225.1
–121.0 –243.0 –61.9
–155.6 –385.0
–56.5
–26.8
–3.8
–62.3 –17.6 –6.7 –68.6 39.7
4/29/05 3:47:33 PM
Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Systems Species (NH4)2HPO4 (NH4)2S (NH4)2SO3 (NH4)2SO4 (NH4)2SeO4 (NH4)3PO4 NaBr NaCl NaF NaHCO3 NaHSO4 NaI NaNO3 Na2CO3 Na2S Na2SO4 Na2Se NdCl3 NiBr2 NiCl2 NiF2 NiI2 Ni(NO3)2 NiSO4 PbBr2 PbCl2 PbF2 PbI2 Pb(NO3)2 PrCl3 RaCl2 Ra(NO3)2 RaSO4 RbBr RbCl RbF
Section5.indb 69
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 –1557.2 –231.8 –900.4 –1174.3 –864.0 –1674.9 –361.7 –407.3 –572.8 –932.1 –1127.5 –295.3 –447.5 –1157.4 –447.3 –1389.5 –1197.9 –297.1 –388.3 –719.2 –164.4 –468.6 –963.2 –244.8 –336.0 –666.9 –112.1 –416.3 –1206.2 –861.9 –942.2 –1436.8 –372.7 –418.3 –583.8
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 –1247.8 –72.6 –645.0 –903.1 –599.8 –1256.6 –365.8 –393.1 –540.7 –848.7 –1017.8 –313.5 –373.2 –1051.6 –438.1 –1268.4 –394.6 –1065.6 –253.6 –307.9 –603.3 –149.0 –268.5 –790.3 –232.3 –286.9 –582.0 –127.6 –246.9 –1072.7 –823.8 –784.0 –1306.2 –387.9 –415.2 –562.8
5-69
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 193.3 212.1 197.5 246.9 –133.1 280.7 117.0 141.4 –95.4 115.5 –90.0 45.2 –60.2 150.2 190.8 –38.0 170.3 –95.8 205.4 –40.2 61.1 103.3 138.1 –201.0 –37.7 36.0 –15.1 –156.5 93.7 164.0 –108.8 175.3 123.4 –17.2 233.0 303.3 –42.0 167.0 347.0 75.0 203.9 178.0 107.5
–431.0
–439.0
Species RbHCO3 RbHSO4 RbI RbNO3 Rb2CO3 Rb2S Rb2SO4 SmCl3 SrBr2 SrCO3 SrCl2 SrI2 Sr(NO3)2 SrSO4 TbCl3 TlBr TlBr3 TlCl TlCl3 TlF TlI TlNO3 Tl2SO4 TmCl3 UCl4 UO2CO3 UO2(NO3)2 UO2SO4 YbCl3 ZnBr2 ZnCl2 ZnF2 ZnI2 Zn(NO3)2 ZnSO4
∆fH°/ kJ mol–1 –943.2 –1138.5 –306.4 –458.5 –1179.5 –469.4 –1411.6 –1193.3 –788.9 –1222.9 –880.1 –656.2 –960.5 –1455.1 –1184.1 –116.2 –168.2 –161.8 –305.0 –327.3 –49.8 –202.0 –898.6 –1199.1 –1259.8 –1696.6 –1434.3 –1928.8 –1176.1 –397.0 –488.2 –819.1 –264.3 –568.6 –1063.2
∆fG°/ kJ mol–1 –870.8 –1039.9 –335.6 –395.2 –1095.8 –482.0 –1312.5 –1060.2 –767.4 –1087.3 –821.9 –662.6 –782.0 –1304.0 –1045.5 –136.4 –97.1 –163.6 –179.0 –311.2 –84.0 –143.7 –809.3 –1055.6 –1056.8 –1481.5 –1176.0 –1698.2 –1037.6 –355.0 –409.5 –704.6 –250.2 –369.6 –891.6
S°/ Cp/ J mol–1K–1 J mol–1K–1 212.7 253.1 232.6 267.8 186.2 228.4 263.2 –42.7 –431.0 132.2 –89.5 80.3 190.0 260.2 –12.6 –59.0 –393.0 207.9 54.0 182.0 –23.0 111.7 236.8 272.0 271.1 –75.0 –385.0 –184.0 –154.4 195.4 –77.4 –71.0 –385.0 52.7 –238.0 0.8 –226.0 –139.7 –167.0 110.5 –238.0 180.7 –126.0 –92.0 –247.0
4/29/05 3:47:34 PM
HEAT OF COMBUSTION The heat of combustion of a substance at 25°C can be calculated from the enthalpy of formation (∆fH°) data in the table “Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances” in this Section. We can write the general combustion reaction as X + O 2 → CO 2 (g ) + H 2 O (l) + other products For a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the reaction is simply 1 1 1 C a H b O c + a + b − cO 2 → a CO 2 (g ) + b H 2 O (l) 4 2 2 and the standard heat of combustion ∆cH°, which is defined as the negative of the enthalpy change for the reaction (i.e., the heat released in the combustion process), is given by Molecular formula
Name
∆cH°/kJ mol–1
Inorganic substances C CO H2 H3N H4N2 N2O
Carbon (graphite) Carbon monoxide (g) Hydrogen (g) Ammonia (g) Hydrazine (g) Nitrous oxide (g)
Hydrocarbons CH4 C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C3H6 C3H6 C3H8 C4H6 C4H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C10H8
Methane (g) Acetylene (g) Ethylene (g) Ethane (g) Propylene (g) Cyclopropane (g) Propane (g) 1,3-Butadiene (g) Butane (g) Pentane (l) Benzene (l) Cyclohexane (l) Hexane (l) Toluene (l) Heptane (l) Naphthalene (s)
890.8 1301.1 1411.2 1560.7 2058.0 2091.3 2219.2 2541.5 2877.6 3509.0 3267.6 3919.6 4163.2 3910.3 4817.0 5156.3
Alcohols and ethers CH4O C2H6O C2H6O C2H6O2 C3H8O
Methanol (l) Ethanol (l) Dimethyl ether (g) Ethylene glycol (l) 1-Propanol (l)
726.1 1366.8 1460.4 1189.2 2021.3
393.5 283.0 285.8 382.8 667.1 82.1
1 ∆c H o = −a∆f H o (CO 2 , g ) − b∆f H o (H 2 O, l) + ∆f H o (C a H b O c ) 2 = 393.51a + 142.915b + ∆f H o (C a H b O c ) This equation applies if the reactants start in their standard states (25°C and one atmosphere pressure) and the products return to the same conditions. The same equation applies to a compound containing another element if that element ends in its standard reference state (e.g., nitrogen, if the product is N2); in general, however, the exact products containing the other elements must be known in order to calculate the heat of combustion. The following table gives the standard heat of combustion calculated in this manner for a few representative substances.
Molecular formula C3H8O3 C4H10O C5H12O C6H6O
Name Glycerol (l) Diethyl ether (l) 1-Pentanol (l) Phenol (s)
Carbonyl compounds CH2O C2H2O C2H4O C3H6O C3H6O C4H8O
Formaldehyde (g) Ketene (g) Acetaldehyde (l) Acetone (l) Propanal (l) 2-Butanone (l)
570.7 1025.4 1166.9 1789.9 1822.7 2444.1
Acids and esters CH2O2 C2H4O2 C2H4O2 C3H6O2 C4H8O2 C6H5NO2 C7H6O2
Formic acid (l) Acetic acid (l) Methyl formate (l) Methyl acetate (l) Ethyl acetate (l) Nicotinic acid (s) Benzoic acid (s)
254.6 874.2 972.6 1592.2 2238.1 2731.1 3228.2
Nitrogen compounds CHN CH3NO2 CH4N2O CH5N C2H3N C2H5NO C3H9N C5H5N C6H7N
Hydrogen cyanide (g) Nitromethane (l) Urea (s) Methylamine (g) Acetonitrile (l) Acetamide (s) Trimethylamine (g) Pyridine (l) Aniline (l)
671.5 709.2 632.7 1085.6 1247.2 1184.6 2443.1 2782.3 3392.8
∆cH°/kJ mol–1 1655.4 2723.9 3330.9 3053.5
5-70
Section5.indb 70
4/29/05 3:47:38 PM
MOLAR CONDUCTIVITY OF AQUEOUS HF, HCl, HBr, AND HI The molar conductivity Λ of an electrolyte solution is defined as the conductivity divided by amount-of-substance concentration. The customary unit is S cm2mol–1 (i.e., Ω–1 cm2mol–1). The first part of this table gives the molar conductivity of the hydrohalogen acids at 25°C as a function of the concentration in mol/L. The second part gives the temperature dependence of Λ for HCl and HBr. More extensive tables and mathematical representations may be found in the reference. c/mol L–1 Inf. dil. 0.0001 0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
c/ mol L–1 HCl 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5
HF 405.1
128.1 96.1 50.1 39.1 26.3 24.3
–20°C –10°C
85.5 79.3 73.7 68.5 63.6 58.9 54.4 50.2 46.3 42.7 39.4 36.4 33.6 31.2 28.9 26.8 24.9 23.1 21.4
HCl 426.1 424.5 422.6 421.2 415.7 411.9 398.9 391.1 360.7 332.2 305.8 281.4 258.9 237.6
131.7 120.8 111.3 102.7 94.9 87.8 81.1 74.9 69.1 63.7 58.6 54.0 49.8 45.9 42.3 39.1 36.1 33.4 31.0 28.7 26.7
HBr 427.7 425.9 424.3 422.9 417.6 413.7 400.4 391.9 361.9 334.5 307.6 281.7 257.8 236.8
HI 426.4 424.6 423.0 421.7 416.4 412.8 400.8 394.0 369.8 343.9 316.4 288.9 262.5 237.9
Reference Hamer, W. J., and DeWane, H. J., Electrolytic Conductance and the Conductances of the Hydrohalogen Acids in Water, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Sys.- Natl. Bur. Standards (U.S.), No. 33, 1970.
c/mol L–1 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
228.7 211.7 196.2 182.0 168.5 154.6 139.6 129.2 119.5 110.3 101.7 93.7 86.2 79.3 73.0 67.1 61.7 56.8 52.3 48.2 44.5 41.1 38.0 35.3 32.7
283.0 261.6 241.5 222.7 205.1 188.5 172.2 158.1 145.4 133.5 122.5 112.3 103.0 94.4 86.5 79.4 72.9 67.1 61.8 57.0 52.7 48.8 45.3 42.0 39.0
336.4 312.2 287.5 262.9 239.8 219.3 201.6 185.6 170.6 156.6 143.6 131.5 120.4 110.2 100.9 92.4 84.7 77.8 71.5 65.8 60.7 56.1 51.9 48.0 44.4
386.8 359.0 331.1 303.3 277.0 253.3 232.9 214.2 196.6 180.2 165.0 151.0 138.2 126.4 115.7 106.1 97.3 89.4 82.3 75.9 70.1 64.9 60.1 55.6 51.4
436.9 402.9 371.6 342.4 315.2 289.3 263.9 242.2 222.5 204.1 187.1 171.3 156.9 143.3 131.6 120.6 110.7 101.7 93.6 86.3 79.6 73.6 68.0 62.8 57.9
482.4 445.3 410.8 378.2 347.6 319.0 292.1 268.2 246.7 226.5 207.7 190.3 174.3 159.7 146.2 134.0 123.0 112.9 103.9 95.7 88.4 81.7 75.6 70.0 64.8
c/ mol L–1 HBr 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0
HF
–20°C –10°C
84.0 78.0 72.3 67.0 61.8 56.8 51.9
150.8 136.8 125.7 116.1 107.5 99.0 91.4 84.2 77.2 70.7 64.6
HCl 218.3 200.0 183.1 167.4 152.9 139.7 127.7 116.9 107.0 98.2 90.3 83.1 76.6 70.7
HBr 217.5 199.4 182.4 166.5 151.8 138.2 125.7 114.2 103.8 94.4 85.8
HI 215.4 195.1 176.8 160.4 145.5 131.7 118.6 105.7
0°C
10°C
20°C
30°C
40°C
50°C
240.9 229.6 209.5 188.6 171.7 157.2 144.1 132.3 123.0 112.6 103.1 94.3 86.0 78.4
295.9 276.0 254.9 231.3 208.3 189.5 174.6 160.2 146.4 134.0 122.7 112.0 102.0 92.6
347.0 329.0 298.9 271.8 244.8 222.2 203.2 186.8 171.2 155.7 142.1 129.6 118.0 107.1
398.9 380.4 340.6 314.1 281.7 255.0 234.4 214.2 195.1 178.2 162.8 148.0 134.1 121.4
453.6 418.6 381.8 350.5 316.0 287.8 263.7 239.7 218.8 199.6 181.4 165.4 150.5 136.3
496.8 465.2 421.4 387.4 349.1 318.6 291.9 266.9 242.6 221.3 201.8 183.4 166.3 150.8
5-74
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STANDARD KCl SOLUTIONS FOR CALIBRATING CONDUCTIVITY CELLS This table presents recommended electrolytic conductivity (κ) values for aqueous potassium chloride solutions with molalities of 0.01 mol/kg, 0.1 mol/kg and 1.0 mol/kg at temperatures from 0˚C to 50˚C. The values, which are based on measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, provide primary standards for the calibration of conductivity cells. The measurements at 0.01 and 0.1 molal are described in Reference 1, while those at 1.0 molal are in Reference 2. Temperatures are given on the ITS-90 scale. The uncertainty in the conductivity is about 0.03% for the 0.01 molal values and about 0.04% for the 0.1 and 1.0 molal values. The conductivity of water saturated with atmospheric CO2 is given in the last column. These values were subtracted from the original measurements to give the values in the second, third, and fourth columns. All κ values are given in units of 10-4 S/m (numerically equal to µS/cm). The assistance of Kenneth W. Pratt is appreciated.
t/˚C 0 5 10 15 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0.01 m KCl 772.92 890.96 1 013.95 1 141.45 1 219.93 1 273.03 1 408.23 1 546.63 1 687.79 1 831.27 1 976.62 2 123.43
104 κ/S m–1 0.1 m KCl 1.0 m KCl 7 116.85 63 488 8 183.70 72 030 9 291.72 80 844 10 437.1 89 900 11 140.6 — 11 615.9 99 170 12 824.6 108 620 14 059.2 118 240 15 316.0 127 970 16 591.0 137 810 17 880.6 147 720 19 180.9 157 670
H2O (CO2 sat.) 0.58 0.68 0.79 0.89 0.95 0.99 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.51 1.61
References 1. Wu, Y. C., Koch, W. F., and Pratt, K. W., J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 96, 191, 1991. 2. Wu, Y. C., Koch, W. F., Feng, D., Holland, L. A., Juhasz, E., Arvay, E., and Tomek, A., J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 99, 241, 1994. 3. Pratt, K. W., Koch, W. F., Wu, Y. C., and Berezansky, P. A., Pure Appl. Chem. 73, 1783, 2001.
5-73
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EQUIVALENT CONDUCTIVITY OF ELECTROLYTES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Petr Vany´sek This table gives the equivalent (molar) conductivity Λ at 25°C for some common electrolytes in aqueous solution at concentrations up to 0.1 mol/L. The units of Λ are 10–4 m2 S mol–1. For very dilute solutions, the equivalent conductivity for any electrolyte of concentration c can be approximately calculated using the Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation, which can be written for a symmetrical (equal charge on cation and anion) electrolyte as
For a solution at 25°C and both cation and anion with charge |1|, the constants are A = 60.20 and B = 0.229. Λ° can be found from the next table, “Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution”. The equation is reliable for c < 0.001 mol/L; with higher concentration the error increases.
Λ = Λ° – (A + BΛ°)c1/2
Compound AgNO3 1/2BaCl2 1/2CaCl2 1/2Ca(OH)2 1/2CuSO4 HCl KBr KCl KClO4 1/3K3Fe(CN)6 1/4K4Fe(CN)6 KHCO3 KI KIO4 KNO3 KMnO4 KOH KReO4 1/3LaCl3 LiCl LiClO4 1/2MgCl2 NH4Cl NaCl NaClO4 NaI NaOOCCH3 NaOH Na picrate 1/2Na2SO4 1/2SrCl2 1/2ZnSO4
Infinite dilution Λ° 133.29 139.91 135.77 258 133.6 425.95 151.9 149.79 139.97 174.5 184 117.94 150.31 127.86 144.89 134.8 271.5 128.20 145.9 114.97 105.93 129.34 149.6 126.39 117.42 126.88 91.0 247.7 80.45 129.8 135.73 132.7
0.0005
0.001
131.29 135.89 131.86 — 121.6 422.53 149.8 147.74 138.69 166.4 — 116.04 148.2 125.74 142.70 132.7 — 126.03 139.6 113.09 104.13 125.55 147.5 124.44 115.58 125.30 89.2 245.5 78.7 125.68 131.84 121.3
130.45 134.27 130.30 — 115.20 421.15 148.9 146.88 137.80 163.1 167.16 115.28 143.32 124.88 141.77 131.9 234 125.12 137.0 112.34 103.39 124.15 146.7 123.68 114.82 124.19 88.5 244.6 78.6 124.09 130.27 114.47
Concentration (mol/L) 0.01 0.02 Λ 127.14 124.70 121.35 127.96 123.88 119.03 124.19 120.30 115.59 233 226 214 94.02 83.08 72.16 415.59 411.80 407.04 146.02 143.36 140.41 143.48 141.20 138.27 134.09 131.39 127.86 150.7 — — 146.02 134.76 122.76 112.18 110.03 107.17 144.30 142.11 139.38 121.18 118.45 114.08 138.41 132.75 132.34 — 126.5 — 230 228 — 121.31 118.49 114.49 127.5 121.8 115.3 109.35 107.27 104.60 100.52 98.56 96.13 118.25 114.49 109.99 134.4 141.21 138.25 120.59 118.45 115.70 111.70 109.54 106.91 121.19 119.18 116.64 85.68 83.72 81.20 240.7 237.9 — 75.7 73.7 — 117.09 112.38 106.73 124.18 120.23 115.48 95.44 84.87 74.20 0.005
0.05
0.1
115.18 111.42 108.42 — 59.02 398.89 135.61 133.30 121.56 — 107.65 — 134.90 106.67 126.25 — 219 106.40 106.2 100.06 92.15 103.03 133.22 111.01 102.35 112.73 76.88 — 66.3 97.70 108.20 61.17
109.09 105.14 102.41 — 50.55 391.13 131.32 128.90 115.14 — 97.82 — 131.05 98.2 120.34 113 213 97.40 99.1 95.81 88.52 97.05 128.69 106.69 98.38 108.73 72.76 — 61.8 89.94 102.14 52.61
5-75
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IONIC CONDUCTIVITY AND DIFFUSION AT INFINITE DILUTION Petr Vany´sek This table gives the molar (equivalent) conductivity λ for common ions at infinite dilution. All values refer to aqueous solutions at 25°C. It also lists the diffusion coefficient D of the ion in dilute aqueous solution, which is related to λ through the equation
Λ° = Λ + + Λ − where Λ+ and Λ– are equivalent ionic conductivities of the cation and anion. The more general formula is
D = ( RT / F 2 )(λ / | z |)
Λ ° = v+ Λ + + v− Λ −
where R is the molar gas constant, T the temperature, F the Faraday constant, and z the charge on the ion. The variation with temperature is fairly sharp; for typical ions, λ and D increase by 2 to 3% per degree as the temperature increases from 25°C. The diffusion coefficient for a salt, Dsalt, may be calculated from the D+ and D– values of the constituent ions by the relation
where ν+ and ν− refer to the number of moles of cations and anions to which one mole of the electrolyte gives a rise in the solution.
Dsalt
( z + | z − |)D+ D− = + z + D+ + | z − | D−
For solutions of simple, pure electrolytes (one positive and one negative ionic species), such as NaCl, equivalent ionic conductivity Λ°, which is the molar conductivity per unit concentration of charge, is defined as
Ion Inorganic Cations Ag+ 1/3Al3+ 1/2Ba2+ 1/2Be2+ 1/2Ca2+ 1/2Cd2+ 1/3Ce3+ 1/2Co2+ 1/3[Co(NH3)6]3+ 1/3[Co(en)3]3+ 1/6[Co2(trien)3]6+ 1/3Cr3+ Cs+ 1/2Cu2+ D+ 1/3Dy3+ 1/3Er3+ 1/3Eu3+ 1/2Fe2+ 1/3Fe3+ 1/3Gd3+ H+ 1/2Hg2+ 1/2Hg2+ 1/3Ho3+ K+ 1/3La3+ Li+ 1/2Mg2+ 1/2Mn2+ NH4+ N2H5+
Λ± 10–4 m2 S mol–1
D 10–5 cm2 s–1
61.9 61 63.6 45 59.47 54 69.8 55 101.9 74.7 69 67 77.2 53.6 249.9 65.6 65.9 67.8 54 68 67.3 349.65 68.6 63.6 66.3 73.48 69.7 38.66 53.0 53.5 73.5 59
1.648 0.541 0.847 0.599 0.792 0.719 0.620 0.732 0.904 0.663 0.306 0.595 2.056 0.714 6.655 0.582 0.585 0.602 0.719 0.604 0.597 9.311 0.913 0.847 0.589 1.957 0.619 1.029 0.706 0.712 1.957 1.571
References 1. Gray, D. E., Ed., American Institute of Physics Handbook, McGrawHill, New York, 1972, 2–226. 2. Robinson, R. A., and Stokes, R. H., Electrolyte Solutions, Butterworths, London, 1959. 3. Lobo, V. M. M., and Quaresma, J. L., Handbook of Electrolyte Solutions, Physical Science Data Series 41, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989. 4. Conway, B. E., Electrochemical Data, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1952. 5. Milazzo, G., Electrochemistry: Theoretical Principles and Practical Applications, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1963.
Ion Na+ 1/3Nd3+ 1/2Ni2+ 1/4[Ni2(trien)3]4+ 1/2Pb2+ 1/3Pr3+ 1/2Ra2+ Rb+ 1/3Sc3+ 1/3Sm3+ 1/2Sr2+ Tl+ 1/3Tm3+ 1/2UO22+ 1/3Y3+ 1/3Yb3+ 1/2Zn2+ Inorganic Anions Au(CN)2– Au(CN)4– B(C6H5)4– Br– Br3– BrO3– CN– CNO– 1/2CO32– Cl– ClO2– ClO3– ClO4– 1/3[Co(CN)6]3– 1/2CrO42–
Λ± 10–4 m2 S mol–1 50.08 69.4 49.6 52 71 69.5 66.8 77.8 64.7 68.5 59.4 74.7 65.4 32 62 65.6 52.8 50 36 21 78.1 43 55.7 78 64.6 69.3 76.31 52 64.6 67.3 98.9 85
D 10–5 cm2 s–1 1.334 0.616 0.661 0.346 0.945 0.617 0.889 2.072 0.574 0.608 0.791 1.989 0.581 0.426 0.550 0.582 0.703 1.331 0.959 0.559 2.080 1.145 1.483 2.077 1.720 0.923 2.032 1.385 1.720 1.792 0.878 1.132
5-76
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Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution Ion F– 1/4[Fe(CN)6]4– 1/3[Fe(CN)6]3– H2AsO4– HCO3– HF2– 1/2HPO42– H2PO4– H2PO2– HS – HSO3– HSO4– H2SbO4– I– IO3– IO4– MnO4– 1/2MoO42– N(CN)2– NO2– NO3– NH2SO3– N3– OCN– OD– OH– PF6– 1/2PO3F2– 1/3PO43– 1/4P2O74– 1/3P3O93– 1/5P3O105– ReO4– SCN– 1/2SO32– 1/2SO42– 1/2S2O32– 1/2S2O42– 1/2S2O62– 1/2S2O82– Sb(OH)6– SeCN– 1/2SeO42– 1/2WO42– Organic Cations Benzyltrimethylammonium+ Isobutylammonium+ Butyltrimethylammonium+ Decylpyridinium+ Decyltrimethylammonium+ Diethylammonium+ Dimethylammonium+ Dipropylammonium+ Dodecylammonium+ Dodecyltrimethylammonium+ Ethanolammonium+ Ethylammonium+ Ethyltrimethylammonium+ Hexadecyltrimethylammonium+ Hexyltrimethylammonium+
Section5.indb 77
Λ± 10–4 m2 S mol–1 55.4 110.4 100.9 34 44.5 75 57 36 46 65 58 52 31 76.8 40.5 54.5 61.3 74.5 54.5 71.8 71.42 48.3 69 64.6 119 198 56.9 63.3 92.8 96 83.6 109 54.9 66 72 80.0 85.0 66.5 93 86 31.9 64.7 75.7 69
D 10–5 cm2 s–1 1.475 0.735 0.896 0.905 1.185 1.997 0.759 0.959 1.225 1.731 1.545 1.385 0.825 2.045 1.078 1.451 1.632 1.984 1.451 1.912 1.902 1.286 1.837 1.720 3.169 5.273 1.515 0.843 0.824 0.639 0.742 0.581 1.462 1.758 0.959 1.065 1.132 0.885 1.238 1.145 0.849 1.723 1.008 0.919
34.6 38 33.6 29.5 24.4 42.0 51.8 30.1 23.8 22.6 42.2 47.2 40.5 20.9 29.6
0.921 1.012 0.895 0.786 0.650 1.118 1.379 0.802 0.634 0.602 1.124 1.257 1.078 0.557 0.788
5-77 Ion Histidyl+ Hydroxyethyltrimethylarsonium+ Methylammonium+ Octadecylpyridinium+ Octadecyltributylammonium+ Octadecyltriethylammonium+ Octadecyltrimethylammonium+ Octadecyltripropylammonium+ Octyltrimethylammonium+ Pentylammonium+ Piperidinium+ Propylammonium+ Pyrilammonium+ Tetrabutylammonium+ Tetradecyltrimethylammonium+ Tetraethylammonium+ Tetramethylammonium+ Tetraisopentylammonium+ Tetrapentylammmonium+ Tetrapropylammonium+ Triethylammonium+ Triethylsulfonium+ Trimethylammonium+ Trimethylhexylammonium+ Trimethylsulfonium+ Tripropylammonium+ Organic Anions Acetate– p–Anisate– 1/2Azelate2– Benzoate– Bromoacetate– Bromobenzoate– Butyrate– Chloroacetate– m–Chlorobenzoate– o–Chlorobenzoate– 1/3Citrate3– Crotonate– Cyanoacetate– Cyclohexane carboxylate– 1/2 1,1–Cyclopropanedicarboxylate2– Decylsulfate– Dichloroacetate– 1/2Diethylbarbiturate2– Dihydrogencitrate– 1/2Dimethylmalonate2– 3,5–Dinitrobenzoate– Dodecylsulfate– Ethylmalonate– Ethylsulfate– Fluoroacetate– Fluorobenzoate– Formate– 1/2Fumarate2– 1/2Glutarate2– Hydrogenoxalate– Isovalerate– Iodoacetate– Lactate–
Λ± 10–4 m2 S mol–1 23.0 39.4 58.7 20 16.6 17.9 19.9 17.2 26.5 37 37.2 40.8 24.3 19.5 21.5 32.6 44.9 17.9 17.5 23.4 34.3 36.1 47.23 34.6 51.4 26.1
D 10–5 cm2 s–1 0.612 1.049 1.563 0.533 0.442 0.477 0.530 0.458 0.706 0.985 0.991 1.086 0.647 0.519 0.573 0.868 1.196 0.477 0.466 0.623 0.913 0.961 1.258 0.921 1.369 0.695
40.9 29.0 40.6 32.4 39.2 30 32.6 39.8 31 30.2 70.2 33.2 43.4 28.7 53.4 26 38.3 26.3 30 49.4 28.3 24 49.3 39.6 44.4 33 54.6 61.8 52.6 40.2 32.7 40.6 38.8
1.089 0.772 0.541 0.863 1.044 0.799 0.868 1.060 0.825 0.804 0.623 0.884 1.156 0.764 0.711 0.692 1.020 0.350 0.799 0.658 0.754 0.639 1.313 1.055 1.182 0.879 1.454 0.823 0.700 1.070 0.871 1.081 1.033
4/29/05 3:47:55 PM
Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion at Infinite Dilution
5-78 Ion 1/2Malate2– 1/2Maleate2– 1/2Malonate2– Methylsulfate– Naphthylacetate– 1/2Oxalate2– Octylsulfate– Phenylacetate– 1/2o–Phthalate2– 1/2m–Phthalate2–
Section5.indb 78
Λ± 10–4 m2 S mol–1 58.8 61.9 63.5 48.8 28.4 74.11 29 30.6 52.3 54.7
D 10–5 cm2 s–1 0.783 0.824 0.845 1.299 0.756 0.987 0.772 0.815 0.696 0.728
Ion Picrate– Pivalate– Propionate– Propylsulfate– Salicylate– 1/2Suberate2– 1/2Succinate2– p–Sulfonate 1/2Tartarate2– Trichloroacetate–
Λ± 10–4 m2 S mol–1 30.37 31.9 35.8 37.1 36 36 58.8 29.3 59.6 35
D 10–5 cm2 s–1 0.809 0.849 0.953 0.988 0.959 0.479 0.783 0.780 0.794 0.932
4/29/05 3:47:56 PM
ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS Petr Vany´sek This table gives mean activity coefficients at 25°C for molalities in the range 0.1 to 1.0. See the following table for definitions, refer-
AgNO3 AlCl3 Al2(SO4)3 BaCl2 BeSO4 CaCl2 CdCl2 Cd(NO3)2 CdSO4 CoCl2 CrCl3 Cr(NO3)3 Cr2(SO4)3 CsBr CsCl CsI CsNO3 CsOH CsOAc Cs2SO4 CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 CuSO4 FeCl2 HBr HCl HClO4 HI HNO3 H2SO4 KBr KCl KClO3 K2CrO4 KF K3Fe(CN)6 K4Fe(CN)6 KH2PO4 KI KNO3 KOAc KOH KSCN K2SO4 LiBr LiCl LiClO4 LiI LiNO3 LiOH LiOAc Li2SO4 MgCl2 MgSO4
0.1 0.734 0.337 0.035 0.500 0.150 0.518 0.2280 0.513 0.150 0.522 0.331 0.319 0.0458 0.754 0.756 0.754 0.733 0.795 0.799 0.456 0.508 0.511 0.150 0.5185 0.805 0.796 0.803 0.818 0.791 0.2655 0.772 0.770 0.749 0.456 0.775 0.268 0.139 0.731 0.778 0.739 0.796 0.798 0.769 0.441 0.796 0.790 0.812 0.815 0.788 0.760 0.784 0.468 0.529 0.150
0.2 0.657 0.305 0.0225 0.444 0.109 0.472 0.1638 0.464 0.103 0.479 0.298 0.285 0.0300 0.694 0.694 0.692 0.655 0.761 0.771 0.382 0.455 0.460 0.104 0.473 0.782 0.767 0.778 0.807 0.754 0.2090 0.722 0.718 0.681 0.382 0.727 0.212 0.0993 0.653 0.733 0.663 0.766 0.760 0.716 0.360 0.766 0.757 0.794 0.802 0.752 0.702 0.742 0.398 0.489 0.107
0.3 0.606 0.302 0.0176 0.419 0.0885 0.455 0.1329 0.442 0.0822 0.463 0.294 0.279 0.0238 0.654 0.656 0.651 0.602 0.744 0.761 0.338 0.429 0.439 0.0829 0.454 0.777 0.756 0.768 0.811 0.735 0.1826 0.693 0.688 0.635 0.340 0.700 0.184 0.0808 0.602 0.707 0.614 0.754 0.742 0.685 0.316 0.756 0.744 0.792 0.804 0.736 0.665 0.721 0.361 0.477 0.0874
0.4 0.567 0.313 0.0153 0.405 0.0769 0.448 0.1139 0.430 0.0699 0.459 0.300 0.281 0.0207 0.626 0.628 0.621 0.561 0.739 0.759 0.311 0.417 0.429 0.0704 0.448 0.781 0.755 0.766 0.823 0.725 — 0.673 0.666 0.599 0.313 0.682 0.167 0.0693 0.561 0.689 0.576 0.750 0.734 0.663 0.286 0.752 0.740 0.798 0.813 0.728 0.638 0.709 0.337 0.475 0.0756
ences, and data over a wider concentration range.
0.5 0.536 0.331 0.0143 0.397 0.0692 0.448 0.1006 0.425 0.0615 0.462 0.314 0.291 0.0190 0.603 0.606 0.599 0.528 0.739 0.762 0.291 0.411 0.426 0.0620 0.450 0.789 0.757 0.769 0.839 0.720 0.1557 0.657 0.649 0.568 0.292 0.670 0.155 0.0614 0.529 0.676 0.545 0.751 0.732 0.646 0.264 0.753 0.739 0.808 0.824 0.726 0.617 0.700 0.319 0.481 0.0675
0.6 0.509 0.356 0.014 0.391 0.0639 0.453 0.0905 0.423 0.0553 0.470 0.335 0.304 0.0182 0.586 0.589 0.581 0.501 0.742 0.768 0.274 0.409 0.427 0.0559 0.454 0.801 0.763 0.776 0.860 0.717 — 0.646 0.637 0.541 0.276 0.661 0.146 0.0556 0.501 0.667 0.519 0.754 0.733 0.633 0.246 0.758 0.743 0.820 0.838 0.727 0.599 0.691 0.307 0.491 0.0616
0.7 0.485 0.388 0.0142 0.391 0.0600 0.460 0.0827 0.423 0.0505 0.479 0.362 0.322 0.0181 0.571 0.575 0.567 0.478 0.748 0.776 0.262 0.409 0.431 0.0512 0.463 0.815 0.772 0.785 0.883 0.717 0.1417 0.636 0.626 0.518 0.263 0.654 0.140 0.0512 0.477 0.660 0.496 0.759 0.736 0.623 0.232 0.767 0.748 0.834 0.852 0.729 0.585 0.689 0.297 0.506 0.0571
0.8 0.464 0.429 0.0149 0.391 0.0570 0.470 0.0765 0.425 0.0468 0.492 0.397 0.344 0.0185 0.558 0.563 0.554 0.458 0.754 0.783 0.251 0.410 0.437 0.0475 0.473 0.832 0.783 0.795 0.908 0.718 — 0.629 0.618 — 0.253 0.650 0.135 0.0479 0.456 0.654 0.476 0.766 0.742 0.614 — 0.777 0.755 0.852 0.870 0.733 0.573 0.688 0.289 0.522 0.0536
0.9 0.446 0.479 0.0159 0.392 0.0546 0.484 0.0713 0.428 0.0438 0.511 0.436 0.371 0.0194 0.547 0.553 0.543 0.439 0.762 0.792 0.242 0.413 0.445 0.0446 0.488 0.850 0.795 0.808 0.935 0.721 — 0.622 0.610 — 0.243 0.646 0.131 0.0454 0.438 0.649 0.459 0.774 0.749 0.606 — 0.789 0.764 0.869 0.888 0.737 0.563 0.688 0.282 0.544 0.0508
1.0 0.429 0.539 0.0175 0.395 0.0530 0.500 0.0669 0.433 0.0415 0.531 0.481 0.401 0.0208 0.538 0.544 0.533 0.422 0.771 0.802 0.235 0.417 0.455 0.0423 0.506 0.871 0.809 0.823 0.963 0.724 0.1316 0.617 0.604 — 0.235 0.645 0.128 — 0.421 0.645 0.443 0.783 0.756 0.599 — 0.803 0.774 0.887 0.910 0.743 0.554 0.689 0.277 0.570 0.0485
5-79
Section5.indb 79
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Activity Coefficients of Acids, Bases, and Salts
5-80 MnCl2 MnSO4 NH4Cl NH4NO3 (NH4)2SO4 NaBr NaCl NaClO3 NaClO4 Na2CrO4 NaF NaH2PO4 NaI NaNO3 NaOAc NaOH NaSCN Na2SO4 NiCl2 NiSO4 Pb(NO3)2 RbBr RbCl RbI RbNO3 RbOAc Rb2SO4 SrCl2 TlClO4 TlNO3 UO2Cl2 UO2SO4 ZnCl2 Zn(NO3)2 ZnSO4
Section5.indb 80
0.1 0.516 0.150 0.770 0.740 0.439 0.782 0.778 0.772 0.775 0.464 0.765 0.744 0.787 0.762 0.791 0.766 0.787 0.445 0.522 0.150 0.395 0.763 0.764 0.762 0.734 0.796 0.451 0.511 0.730 0.702 0.544 0.150 0.515 0.531 0.150
0.2 0.469 0.105 0.718 0.677 0.356 0.741 0.735 0.720 0.729 0.394 0.710 0.675 0.751 0.703 0.757 0.727 0.750 0.365 0.479 0.105 0.308 0.706 0.709 0.705 0.658 0.767 0.374 0.462 0.652 0.606 0.510 0.102 0.462 0.489 0.140
0.3 0.450 0.0848 0.687 0.636 0.311 0.719 0.710 0.688 0.701 0.353 0.676 0.629 0.735 0.666 0.744 0.708 — 0.320 0.463 0.0841 0.260 0.673 0.675 0.671 0.606 0.756 0.331 0.442 0.599 0.545 0.520 0.0807 0.432 0.474 0.0835
0.4 0.442 0.0725 0.665 0.606 0.280 0.704 0.693 0.664 0.683 0.327 0.651 0.593 0.727 0.638 0.737 0.697 0.720 0.289 0.460 0.0713 0.228 0.650 0.652 0.647 0.565 0.753 0.301 0.433 0.559 0.500 0.505 0.0689 0.411 0.469 0.0714
0.5 0.440 0.0640 0.649 0.582 0.257 0.697 0.681 0.645 0.668 0.307 0.632 0.563 0.723 0.617 0.735 0.690 0.715 0.266 0.464 0.0627 0.205 0.632 0.634 0.629 0.534 0.755 0.279 0.430 0.527 — 0.517 0.0611 0.394 0.473 0.0630
0.6 0.443 0.0578 0.636 0.562 0.240 0.692 0.673 0.630 0.656 0.292 0.616 0.539 0.723 0.599 0.736 0.685 0.712 0.248 0.471 0.0562 0.187 0.617 0.620 0.614 0.508 0.759 0.263 0.431 — — 0.532 0.0566 0.380 0.480 0.0569
0.7 0.448 0.0530 0.625 0.545 0.226 0.689 0.667 0.617 0.648 0.280 0.603 0.517 0.724 0.583 0.740 0.681 0.710 0.233 0.482 0.0515 0.172 0.605 0.608 0.602 0.485 0.766 0.249 0.434 — — 0.549 0.0515 0.369 0.489 0.0523
0.8 0.455 0.0493 0.617 0.530 0.214 0.687 0.662 0.606 0.641 0.269 0.592 0.499 0.727 0.570 0.745 0.679 0.710 0.221 0.496 0.0478 0.160 0.595 0.599 0.591 0.465 0.773 0.238 0.441 — — 0.571 0.0483 0.357 0.501 0.0487
0.9 0.466 0.0463 0.609 0.516 0.205 0.687 0.659 0.597 0.635 0.261 0.582 0.483 0.731 0.558 0.752 0.678 0.711 0.210 0.515 0.0448 0.150 0.586 0.590 0.583 0.446 0.782 0.228 0.449 — — 0.595 0.0458 0.348 0.518 0.0458
1.0 0.479 0.0439 0.603 0.504 0.196 0.687 0.657 0.589 0.629 0.253 0.573 0.468 0.736 0.548 0.757 0.678 0.712 0.201 0.563 0.0425 0.141 0.578 0.583 0.575 0.430 0.792 0.219 0.461 — — 0.620 0.0439 0.339 0.535 0.0435
4/29/05 3:48:00 PM
MEAN ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF ELECTROLYTES AS A FUNCTION OF CONCENTRATION as
The mean activity coefficient γ of an electrolyte XaYb is defined
values refer to a temperature of 25°C. Substances are arranged in alphabetical order by formula.
γ = ( γ +a γ −b )l/( a+ b )
References
where γ+ and γ– are activity coefficients of the individual ions (which cannot be directly measured). This table gives the mean activity coefficients of about 100 electrolytes in aqueous solution as a function of concentration, expressed in molality terms. All
1. Hamer,W. J., and Wu, Y. C., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1, 1047, 1972. 2. Staples, B. R., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 6, 385, 1977; 10, 767, 1981; 10, 779, 1981. 3. Goldberg, R. N. et al., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 7, 263, 1978; 8, 923, 1979; 8, 1005, 1979; 10, 1, 1981; 10, 671, 1981.
Mean Activity Coefficient at 25°C m/mol kg 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 15.000
AgNO3 0.964 0.950 0.924 0.896 0.859 0.794 0.732 0.656 0.536 0.430 0.316 0.181 0.108 0.085
BaBr2 0.881 0.850 0.785 0.727 0.661 0.573 0.517 0.463 0.435 0.470 0.654
BaCl2 0.887 0.849 0.782 0.721 0.653 0.559 0.492 0.436 0.391 0.393
BaI2 0.890 0.853 0.792 0.737 0.678 0.600 0.551 0.520 0.536 0.664 1.242
m/mol kg-1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000
Cd(NO2)2 0.881 0.837 0.759 0.681 0.589 0.451 0.344 0.247 0.148 0.098 0.069 0.054
Cd(NO3)2 0.888 0.851 0.787 0.728 0.664 0.576 0.515 0.465 0.428 0.437 0.517
CoBr2 0.890 0.854 0.794 0.740 0.681 0.605 0.556 0.523 0.538 0.685 1.421 13.9
CoCl2 0.889 0.852 0.789 0.732 0.670 0.586 0.528 0.483 0.465 0.532 0.864
m/mol kg-1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000
CsCl 0.965 0.951 0.925 0.898 0.864 0.805 0.751 0.691 0.607 0.546 0.496 0.474 0.508
CsF 0.965 0.952 0.929 0.905 0.876 0.830 0.792 0.755 0.721 0.726 0.803
CsI 0.965 0.951 0.925 0.898 0.863 0.804 0.749 0.688 0.601 0.534 0.470
CsNO3 0.964 0.951 0.924 0.897 0.860 0.796 0.733 0.655 0.529 0.421
–1
CaBr2 0.890 0.853 0.791 0.735 0.674 0.594 0.540 0.502 0.500 0.604 1.125 18.7
CoI2 0.887 0.849 0.783 0.724 0.661 0.582 0.540 0.527 0.596 0.845 2.287 55.3 196 CsOH 0.966 0.953 0.930 0.906 0.878 0.836 0.802 0.772 0.755 0.782
CaCl2 0.888 0.851 0.787 0.727 0.664 0.577 0.517 0.469 0.444 0.495 0.784 5.907 43.1
CaI2 0.890 0.853 0.791 0.736 0.677 0.600 0.552 0.524 0.554 0.729
Co(NO3)2 0.888 0.850 0.786 0.728 0.663 0.576 0.516 0.469 0.446 0.492 0.722 3.338
CsBr 0.965 0.951 0.925 0.898 0.864 0.806 0.752 0.691 0.605 0.540 0.485 0.454
Cs2SO4 0.885 0.845 0.775 0.709 0.634 0.526 0.444 0.369 0.285 0.233
CuBr2 0.889 0.853 0.791 0.735 0.674 0.594 0.541 0.504 0.503 0.591 0.859
5-81
Section5.indb 81
4/29/05 3:48:02 PM
Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration
5-82
Section5.indb 82
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 15.000
CuCl2 0.887 0.849 0.783 0.722 0.654 0.561 0.495 0.441 0.401 0.405 0.453 0.601
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000
HF 0.551 0.429 0.302 0.225 0.163 0.106 0.0766 0.0550 0.0352 0.0249 0.0175 0.0110 0.0085 0.0077 0.0075
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000
Cu(ClO4)2 0.890 0.854 0.795 0.741 0.685 0.613 0.572 0.553 0.617 0.892 2.445
Cu(NO3)2 0.888 0.851 0.787 0.729 0.664 0.577 0.516 0.466 0.431 0.456 0.615 2.083
FeCl2 0.888 0.850 0.785 0.725 0.659 0.570 0.509 0.462 0.443 0.500 0.782
HBr 0.966 0.953 0.930 0.907 0.879 0.837 0.806 0.783 0.790 0.872 1.167 3.800 33.4
HCl 0.965 0.952 0.929 0.905 0.876 0.832 0.797 0.768 0.759 0.811 1.009 2.380 10.4
HClO4 0.966 0.953 0.929 0.906 0.878 0.836 0.803 0.776 0.769 0.826 1.055 3.100 30.8 323
HI 0.966 0.953 0.931 0.909 0.884 0.847 0.823 0.811 0.845 0.969 1.363 4.760 49.100
HNO3 0.965 0.952 0.929 0.905 0.875 0.829 0.792 0.756 0.725 0.730 0.788 1.063 1.644 2.212 2.607
H2SO4 0.804 0.740 0.634 0.542 0.445 0.325 0.251 0.195 0.146 0.125 0.119 0.197 0.527 1.077 1.701
KBr 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.870 0.817 0.771 0.772 0.658 0.617 0.593 0.626
KCNS 0.965 0.951 0.927 0.901 0.869 0.815 0.768 0.716 0.647 0.598 0.556 0.525
KCl 0.965 0.951 0.927 0.901 0.869 0.816 0.768 0.717 0.649 0.604 0.573 0.593
KClO3 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.899 0.865 0.805 0.749 0.681 0.569
K2CrO4 0.886 0.847 0.779 0.715 0.643 0.539 0.460 0.385 0.296 0.239 0.199
KF 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.870 0.818 0.773 0.726 0.670 0.645 0.658 0.871 1.715 3.120
KH2PO4* 0.964 0.950 0.924 0.896 0.859 0.793 0.730 0.652 0.529 0.422
K2HPO4** 0.886 0.847 0.779 0.715 0.643 0.538 0.457 0.379 0.283
KI 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.871 0.820 0.776 0.731 0.676 0.646 0.638
KNO3 0.964 0.950 0.924 0.896 0.860 0.797 0.735 0.662 0.546 0.444 0.332
KOH 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.871 0.821 0.779 0.740 0.710 0.733 0.860 1.697
K2SO4 0.885 0.844 0.772 0.704 0.625 0.511 0.424 0.343 0.251
LiBr 0.965 0.952 0.929 0.905 0.877 0.832 0.797 0.767 0.754 0.803 1.012 2.696
LiCl 0.965 0.952 0.928 0.904 0.874 0.827 0.789 0.756 0.739 0.775 0.924 2.000
LiClO4 0.966 0.953 0.931 0.908 0.882 0.843 0.815 0.795 0.806 0.887 1.161
LiI 0.966 0.953 0.930 0.908 0.882 0.843 0.817 0.802 0.824 0.912 1.197
LiNO3 0.965 0.952 0.928 0.904 0.874 0.827 0.788 0.753 0.726 0.743 0.837 1.298
4/29/05 3:48:04 PM
Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration
Section5.indb 83
m/mol kg–1 10.000 15.000 20.000
KOH 6.110 19.9 46.4
K2SO4
LiBr 20.0 147 486
LiCl 9.600 30.9
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000
LiOH 0.964 0.950 0.923 0.895 0.858 0.794 0.735 0.668 0.579 0.522 0.484 0.493
Li2SO4 0.887 0.847 0.780 0.716 0.645 0.544 0.469 0.400 0.325 0.284 0.270
MgBr2 0.889 0.852 0.790 0.733 0.672 0.593 0.543 0.512 0.540 0.715 1.590 36.1
MgCl2 0.889 0.852 0.790 0.734 0.672 0.590 0.535 0.493 0.485 0.577 1.065 14.40
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000
Mn(ClO4)2 0.892 0.858 0.801 0.752 0.700 0.637 0.604 0.596 0.686 1.030 3.072
NH4Cl 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.901 0.869 0.816 0.769 0.718 0.649 0.603 0.569 0.563
NH4ClO4 0.964 0.950 0.924 0.895 0.859 0.794 0.734 0.663 0.560 0.479 0.399
(NH4)2HPO4** 0.882 0.839 0.763 0.688 0.600 0.469 0.367 0.273 0.171 0.114 0.074
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000
Na2CO3 0.887 0.847 0.780 0.716 0.644 0.541 0.462 0.385 0.292 0.229 0.182
NaCl 0.965 0.952 0.928 0.903 0.872 0.822 0.779 0.734 0.681 0.657 0.668 0.874
NaClO3 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.870 0.818 0.771 0.719 0.646 0.590 0.537
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000
NaI 0.965 0.952 0.928 0.904 0.874 0.827 0.789 0.753 0.722 0.734 0.823
NaNO3 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.900 0.866 0.810 0.759 0.701 0.617 0.550 0.480
NaOH 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.870 0.819 0.775 0.731 0.685 0.674 0.714
5-83 LiClO4
LiI
LiNO3 2.500 3.960 4.970
MnBr2 0.889 0.853 0.791 0.735 0.674 0.595 0.543 0.508 0.519 0.650 1.224 6.697
MnCl2 0.888 0.850 0.786 0.727 0.662 0.574 0.513 0.464 0.437 0.477 0.661 1.539
NH4NO3 0.964 0.951 0.925 0.897 0.862 0.801 0.744 0.678 0.582 0.502 0.419 0.303 0.220 0.179 0.154
NaBr 0.965 0.952 0.928 0.903 0.873 0.824 0.783 0.742 0.697 0.687 0.730 1.083
NaBrO3 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.900 0.867 0.811 0.759 0.698 0.605 0.528 0.449
NaClO4 0.965 0.952 0.928 0.903 0.872 0.821 0.777 0.729 0.668 0.630 0.608 0.648
Na2CrO4 0.887 0.849 0.783 0.722 0.653 0.554 0.479 0.406 0.318 0.261 0.231
NaF 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.901 0.868 0.813 0.764 0.710 0.633 0.573
Na2HPO4* 0.887 0.848 0.780 0.717 0.644 0.539 0.456 0.373 0.266 0.191 0.133
Na2SO3 0.887 0.847 0.779 0.716 0.644 0.540 0.462 0.386 0.296 0.237 0.196
Na2SO4 0.886 0.846 0.777 0.712 0.637 0.529 0.446 0.366 0.268 0.204 0.155
Na2WO4 0.886 0.846 0.777 0.712 0.638 0.534 0.457 0.388 0.320 0.291 0.291
NiBr2 0.889 0.853 0.791 0.735 0.675 0.596 0.546 0.514 0.535 0.692 1.476
MgI2 0.889 0.853 0.791 0.736 0.677 0.602 0.556 0.535 0.594 0.858 2.326 109.8
4/29/05 3:48:06 PM
Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes as a Function of Concentration
5-84 m/mol kg–1 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000
NaI 1.402 4.011
NaNO3 0.388 0.329
NaOH 1.076 3.258 9.796 19.410
Na2SO3
Na2SO4
Na2WO4
NiBr2
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000
NiCl2 0.889 0.852 0.789 0.732 0.669 0.584 0.527 0.482 0.465 0.538 0.915 4.785
Ni(ClO4)2 0.891 0.855 0.797 0.745 0.690 0.621 0.582 0.567 0.639 0.946 2.812
Ni(NO3)2 0.889 0.851 0.787 0.730 0.666 0.581 0.524 0.481 0.467 0.528 0.797
Pb(ClO4)2 0.889 0.851 0.787 0.729 0.666 0.580 0.522 0.476 0.458 0.516 0.799 4.043 33.8
Pb(NO3)2 0.882 0.840 0.764 0.690 0.604 0.476 0.379 0.291 0.195 0.136
RbBr 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.900 0.866 0.811 0.760 0.705 0.630 0.578 0.535 0.514
RbCl 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.900 0.867 0.811 0.761 0.707 0.633 0.583 0.546 0.544
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000
RbF 0.965 0.952 0.927 0.902 0.871 0.821 0.780 0.739 0.701 0.697 0.724
RbI 0.965 0.951 0.926 0.900 0.866 0.810 0.759 0.703 0.627 0.574 0.532 0.517
RbNO3 0.964 0.950 0.924 0.896 0.859 0.795 0.733 0.657 0.536 0.430 0.320
Rb2SO4 0.886 0.845 0.776 0.710 0.635 0.526 0.443 0.365 0.274 0.217
SrBr2 0.889 0.852 0.790 0.734 0.673 0.591 0.535 0.492 0.476 0.545 0.921
SrCl2 0.888 0.850 0.785 0.725 0.659 0.569 0.506 0.455 0.421 0.451 0.650
SrI2 0.890 0.854 0.793 0.740 0.681 0.606 0.557 0.526 0.542 0.686
m/mol kg–1 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.020 0.050 0.100 0.200 0.500 1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000
UO2Cl2 0.888 0.851 0.787 0.729 0.666 0.583 0.529 0.493 0.501 0.601 0.948
UO2(NO3)2 0.888 0.849 0.784 0.726 0.663 0.583 0.535 0.509 0.532 0.673 1.223 3.020
ZnBr2 0.890 0.854 0.794 0.741 0.683 0.606 0.553 0.515 0.516 0.558 0.578 0.788 2.317 5.381 7.965
ZnCl2 0.887 0.847 0.781 0.719 0.652 0.561 0.499 0.447 0.384 0.330 0.283 0.342 0.876 1.914 2.968
ZnI2 0.893 0.859 0.804 0.757 0.708 0.644 0.601 0.574 0.635 0.836 1.062 1.546 4.698
* The anion is H2PO4–. ** The anion is HPO4–2.
Section5.indb 84
4/29/05 3:48:07 PM
Enthalpy of Dilution of Acids The quantity given in this table is –∆dilH, the negative of the enthalpy (heat) of dilution to infinite dilution for aqueous solutions of several common acids; i.e., the negative of the enthalphy change when a solution of molality m at a temperature of 25°C is diluted with an infinite amount of water. The tabulated numbers thus represent the heat produced (or, if the value is negative, the heat absorbed) when the acid is diluted. The initial molality m is given in the first column. The second column gives the dilution ratio, which is the number of moles of water that must be added m 55.506 20 15 10 9 8 7 6 5.5506 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5551 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0925 0.0793 0.0694 0.0617 0.05551 0.05 0.02775 0.01850 0.01388 0.01110 0.00555 0.00278 0.00111 0.000555 0.000111 0
487_S05.indb 85
Dil. ratio 1.0 2.775 3.700 5.551 6.167 6.938 7.929 9.251 10 11.10 12.33 13.88 15.86 18.50 22.20 27.75 37.00 55.51 100 111.0 277.5 555.1 600 700 800 900 1000 1110 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000 20000 50000 100000 500000 ∞
HF 14.88 14.34 13.87 13.81 13.77 13.73 13.69 13.66 13.62 13.58 13.53 13.47 13.45 13.43 13.40 13.36 13.30 13.22 13.20 13.09 12.80 12.79 12.70 12.61 12.50 12.42 12.24 11.29 10.66 10.25 9.874 8.912 7.531 5.439 3.766 1.255 0
HCl 45.61 19.87 15.40 10.24 9.213 8.201 7.217 6.268 5.841 5.318 4.899 4.402 3.958 3.506 3.063 2.623 2.167 1.695 1.234 1.172 0.761 0.556 0.540 0.502 0.473 0.448 0.427 0.406 0.310 0.251 0.226 0.197 0.142 0.105 0.067 0.042 0.021 0
to one mole of the acid to produce a solution of the molality in the first column.
Reference Parker, V. B., Thermal Properties of Aqueous Uni-Univalent Electrolytes, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Ser. - Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) 2, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1965.
–∆dilH in kJ/mol at 25°C HClO4 HBr 48.83 13.81 19.92 7.920 14.29 2.013 8.694 1.280 7.719 0.611 6.786 0.046 5.925 -0.351 5.004 -0.490 4.590 -0.628 4.113 -0.732 3.711 -0.787 3.330 -0.820 2.966 -0.782 2.611 -0.724 2.301 -0.623 1.996 -0.431 1.665 -0.201 1.314 0.050 0.983 0.075 0.941 0.247 0.649 0.272 0.498 0.272 0.481 0.272 0.452 0.268 0.427 0.264 0.406 0.259 0.385 0.259 0.372 0.226 0.285 0.197 0.234 0.180 0.205 0.167 0.184 0.126 0.130 0.092 0.092 0.059 0.054 0.042 0.038 0.021 0.021 0 0
HI 21.71 14.02 7.615 6.569 5.607 4.728 3.975 3.577 3.197 2.828 2.460 2.105 1.787 1.527 1.318 1.125 0.933 0.736 0.711 0.536 0.439 0.427 0.402 0.385 0.368 0.351 0.339 0.264 0.218 0.192 0.172 0.121 0.084 0.050 0.038 0.021 0
HNO3 19.73 9.498 6.883 3.933 3.368 2.791 2.251 1.749 1.540 1.310 1.109 0.958 0.791 0.665 0.582 0.527 0.506 0.506 0.502 0.498 0.439 0.372 0.368 0.351 0.339 0.326 0.318 0.305 0.247 0.213 0.192 0.176 0.130 0.096 0.063 0.046 0.021 0
CH2O2 0.046 0.038 0.109 0.205 0.230 0.255 0.272 0.280 0.285 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.289 0.285 0.276 0.259 0.226 0.184 0.176 0.146 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.130 0.126 0.121 0.121 0.117 0.117 0.113 0.109 0.105 0.096 0.084 0.054 0.038 0
C2H4O2 2.167 2.075 1.962 1.824 1.782 1.724 1.648 1.540 1.477 1.393 1.310 1.218 1.121 1.025 0.912 0.803 0.678 0.544 0.423 0.406 0.331 0.289 0.285 0.285 0.280 0.276 0.272 0.272 0.264 0.259 0.259 0.255 0.243 0.230 0.222 0.209 0.167 0
5-85
3/14/06 2:40:12 PM
Enthalpy of Solution of Electrolytes This table gives the molar enthalpy (heat) of solution at infinite dilution for some common uni-univalent electrolytes. This is the enthalpy change when 1 mol of solute in its standard state is dissolved in an infinite amount of water. Values are given in kilojoules per mole at 25°C. Solute
∆sol H° kJ/mol –61.50 –74.84 –88.76 –32.95 –85.14 –81.67 8.79 –33.28 –0.86 –1.51
HF HCl HClO4 HClO4 · H2O HBr HI HIO3 HNO3 HCOOH CH3COOH
State g g l c g g c l l l
NH3 NH4Cl NH4ClO4 NH4Br NH4I NH4IO3 NH4NO2 NH4NO3 NH4C2H3O2 NH4CN NH4CNS CH3NH3Cl (CH3)3NHCl N(CH3)4Cl N(CH3)4Br N(CH3)4I
g c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
–30.50 14.78 33.47 16.78 13.72 31.80 19.25 25.69 –2.38 17.57 22.59 5.77 1.46 4.08 24.27 42.07
AgClO4 AgNO2 AgNO3
c c c
7.36 36.94 22.59
LiOH LiOH · H2O LiF LiCl LiCl · H2O LiClO4 LiClO4 · 3H2O LiBr LiBr · H2O
c c c c c c c c c
–23.56 –6.69 4.73 –37.03 –19.08 –26.55 32.61 –48.83 –23.26
Solute LiBr · 2H2O LiBrO3 LiI LiI · H2O LiI · 2H2O LiI · 3H2O LiNO2 LiNO2 · H2O LiNO3
Reference Parker, V. B., Thermal Properties of Uni-Univalent Electrolytes, Natl. Stand. Ref. Data Series — Natl. Bur. Stand.(U.S.), No.2, 1965.
State c c c c c c c c c
∆sol H° kJ/mol –9.41 1.42 –63.30 –29.66 –14.77 0.59 –11.00 7.03 –2.51
NaOH NaOH · H2O NaF NaCl NaClO2 NaClO2 · 3H2O NaClO3 NaClO4 NaClO4 · H2O NaBr NaBr · 2H2O NaBrO3 NaI NaI · 2H2O NaIO3 NaNO2 NaNO3 NaC2H3O2 NaC2H3O2 · 3H2O NaCN NaCN · 0.5H2O NaCN · 2H2O NaCNO NaCNS
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
–44.51 –21.41 0.91 3.88 0.33 28.58 21.72 13.88 22.51 –0.60 18.64 26.90 –7.53 16.13 20.29 13.89 20.50 –17.32 19.66 1.21 3.31 18.58 19.20 6.83
KOH KOH · H2O KOH · 1.5H2O KF KF · 2H2O KCl
c c c c c c
–57.61 –14.64 –10.46 –17.73 6.97 17.22
Solute
KClO3 KClO4 KBr KBrO3 KI KIO3 KNO2 KNO3 KC2H3O2 KCN KCNO KCNS KMnO4
State c c c c c c c c c c c c c
∆sol H° kJ/mol 41.38 51.04 19.87 41.13 20.33 27.74 13.35 34.89 –15.33 11.72 20.25 24.23 43.56
RbOH RbOH · H2O RbOH · 2H2O RbF RbF · H2O RbF · 1.5H2O RbCl RbClO3 RbClO4 RbBr RbBrO3 RbI RbNO3
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
–62.34 –17.99 0.88 –26.11 –0.42 1.34 17.28 47.74 56.74 21.88 48.95 25.10 36.48
CsOH CsOH · H2O CsF CsF · H2O CsF · 1.5H2O CsCl CsClO4 CsBr CsBrO3 CsI CsNO3
c c c c c c c c c c c
–71.55 –20.50 –36.86 –10.46 –5.44 17.78 55.44 25.98 50.46 33.35 40.00
5-86
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CHEMICAL KINETIC DATA FOR STRATOSPHERIC MODELING The present compilation of kinetic data represents the 12th evaluation prepared by the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation. The Panel was established in 1977 by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program Office for the purpose of providing a critical tabulation of the latest kinetic and photochemical data for use by modelers in computer simulations of stratospheric chemistry. The recommended rate data and cross sections are based on laboratory measurements. The major use of theoretical extrapolation of data is in connection with three–body reactions, in which the required pressure or temperature dependence is sometimes unavailable from laboratory measurements, and can be estimated by use of appropriate theoretical treatment. In the case of important rate constants for which no experimental data are available, the panel may provide estimates of rate constant parameters based on analogy to similar reactions for which data are available. Rate constants are expressed in the form k(T) = A exp(–E/RT), where A is the pre–exponential factor, E the activation energy, R the gas constant, and T the absolute temperature. Uncertainties are expressed by the factor f, e.g., a value of 4.2×10–10 with f = 2 indicates that the true value is believed to lie between 2.1×10–10 and 8.4×10–10. The value of f at other temperatures may be calculated from f(298), given in the last column, by:
f (T) = f (298) exp[(∆E/R)(1/T–1/298)] , where ∆E/R is the uncertainty in E/R. Table 1 covers rate constant data on second order reactions, grouped by class, while Table 2 covers association reactions. Relevant equilibrium constant data are given in Table 3. All concentrations are measured in molecules cm–3. Notes on each reaction, as well as related photochemical data, may be found in the reference. The assistance of Robert Hampson is gratefully acknowledged.
Reference DeMore, W. B., Sander, S. P., Golden, D. M., Hampson, R. F., Kurylo, M. J., Howard, C. J., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E., and Molina, M. J., Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Modeling. Evaluation Number 12, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Publication 97–4, Pasadena CA, 1997. The report is also available at the World Wide Web site < http:// remus.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/jpl97>.
TABLE 1. Rate Constants for Second Order Reactions A cm3 molecule–1 s–1
E/R K
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1
f(298)
Ox Reactions O + O3 → O2 + O2
8.0×10–12
2060±250
8.0×10–15
1.15
O(1D) Reactions O(1D) + O2 → O + O2 O(1D) + O3 → O2 + O2 → O2 + O + O O(1D) + H2 → OH + H O(1D) + H2O → OH + OH O(1D) + N2 → O + N2 O(1D) + N2O → N2 + O2 → NO + NO O(1D) + NH3 → OH + NH2 O(1D) + CO2 → O + CO2 O(1D) + CH4 → products O(1D) + HCl → products O(1D) + HF → OH + F O(1D) + HBr → products O(1D) + Cl2 → products O(1D) + CCl2O → products O(1D) + CClFO → products O(1D) + CF2O → products O(1D) + CCl4 → products (CFC–10) O(1D) + CH3Br → products O(1D) + CH2Br2 → products O(1D) + CHBr3 → products O(1D) + CH3F → products (HFC–41) O(1D) + CH2F2→ products (HFC–32) O(1D) + CHF3→ products (HFC–23)
3.2×10–11 1.2×10–10 1.2×10–10 1.1×10–10 2.2×10–10 1.8×10–11 4.9×10–11 6.7×10–11 2.5×10–10 7.4×10–11 1.5×10–10 1.5×10–10 1.4×10–10 1.5×10–10 2.8×10–10 3.6×10–10 1.9×10–10 7.4×10–11 3.3×10–10 1.8×10–10 2.7×10–10 6.6×10–10 1.5×10–10 5.1×10–11 9.1×10–12
–(70±100) 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 –(110±100) 0±100 0±100 0±100 –(120±100) 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100
4.0×10–11 1.2×10–10 1.2×10–10 1.1×10–10 2.2×10–10 2.6×10–11 4.9×10–11 6.7×10–11 2.5×10–10 1.1×10–10 1.5×10–10 1.5×10–10 1.4×10–10 1.5×10–10 2.8×10–10 3.6×10–10 1.9×10–10 7.4×10–11 3.3×10–10 1.8×10–10 2.7×10–10 6.6×10–10 1.5×10–10 5.1×10–11 9.1×10–12
1.2 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2
Reaction
5-87
Section5.indb 87
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5-88
A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 1.9×10–10 1.0×10–10 2.3×10–10 1.4×10–10 8.7×10–11 1.5×10–10 2.2×10–10 1.0×10–10 – 2.6×10–10 2.0×10–10 2.6×10–10 2.2×10–10 1.0×10–10 1.6×10–10 1.2×10–10 4.9×10–11 2.0×10–10 8.6×10–11 1.2×10–10 2×10–10 2×10–10 1×10–10 1.3×10–10 5×10–11 1.6×10–10 – 1.8×10–11 – 2.1×10–10 – – – –
E/R K 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 – 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 0±100 – 0±100 – 0±100 – – – –
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 1.9×10–10 1.0×10–10 2.3×10–10 1.4×10–10 8.7×10–11 1.5×10–10 2.2×10–10 1.0×10–10 2.0×10–14 2.6×10–10 2.0×10–10 2.6×10–10 2.2×10–10 1.0×10–10 1.6×10–10 1.2×10–10 4.9×10–11 2.0×10–10 8.6×10–11 1.2×10–10 2×10–10 2×10–10 1×10–10 1.3×10–10 5×10–11 1.6×10–10 1.5×10–13 1.8×10–11 8×10–13 2.1×10–10 3.9×10–13 1×10–12 2.8×10–13 1.8×10–14
f(298) 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.3 4 2 2 2 1.5
Singlet O2 Reactions O2(1∆) + O → products O2(1∆) + O2 → products O2(1∆) + O3 → O + 2O2 O2(1∆) + H2O → products O2(1∆) + N → NO + O O2(1∆) + N2 → products O2(1∆) + CO2 → products O2(1Σ) + O → products O2(1Σ) + O2 → products O2(1Σ) + O3 → products O2(1Σ) + H2O → products O2(1Σ) + N → products O2(1Σ) + N2 → products O2(1Σ) + CO2 → products
– 3.6×10–18 5.2×10–11 – – – – – – 2.2×10–11 – – 2.1×10–15 4.2×10–13
– 220±100 2840±500 – – – – – – 0±200 – – 0±200 0±200
<2×10–16 1.7×10–18 3.8×10–15 4.8×10–18 <9×10–17 <10–20 <2×10–20 8×10–14 3.9×10–17 2.2×10–11 5.4×10–12 <10–13 2.1×10–15 4.2×10–13
– 1.2 1.2 1.5 – – – 5.0 1.5 1.2 1.3 – 1.2 1.2
HOx Reactions O + OH → O2 + H O + HO2 → OH + O2 O + H2O2 → OH + HO2 H + O3 → OH + O2 H + HO2 → products OH + O3 → HO2 + O2 OH + H2 → H2O+ H
2.2×10–11 3.0×10–11 1.4×10–12 1.4×10–10 8.1×10–11 1.6×10–12 5.5×10–12
–(120±100) –(200±100) 2000±1000 470±200 0±100 940±300 2000±100
3.3×10–11 5.9×10–11 1.7×10–15 2.9×10–11 8.1×10–11 6.8×10–14 6.7×10–15
1.2 1.2 2.0 1.25 1.3 1.3 1.1
Reaction O(1D) + CHCl2F → products (HCFC–21) O(1D) + CHClF2 → products (HCFC–22) O(1D) + CCl3F → products (CFC–11) O(1D) + CCl2F2 → products (CFC–12) O(1D) + CClF3 → products (CFC–13) O(1D) + CClBrF2 → products (Halon–1211) O(1D) + CBr2F2 → products (Halon–1202) O(1D) + CBrF3 → products (Halon–1301) O(1D) + CF4 → CF4 + O (CFC–14) O(1D) + CH3CH2F → products (HFC–161) O(1D) + CH3CHF2 → products (HFC–152a) O(1D) + CH3CCl2F→ products (HCFC–141b) O(1D) + CH3CClF2 → products (HCFC–142b) O(1D) + CH3CF3 → products (HFC–143a) O(1D) + CH2ClCClF2 → products (HCFC–132b) O(1D) + CH2ClCF3 → products (HCFC–133a) O(1D) + CH2FCF3 → products (HFC–134a) O(1D) + CHCl2CF3 → products (HCFC–123) O(1D) + CHClFCF3 → products (HCFC–124) O(1D) + CHF2CF3 → products (HFC–125) O(1D) + CCl3CF3 → products (CFC–113a) O(1D) + CCl2FCClF2 → products (CFC–113) O(1D) + CCl2FCF3 → products (CFC–114a) O(1D) + CClF2CClF2 → products (CFC–114) O(1D) + CClF2CF3 → products (CFC–115) O(1D) + CBrF2CBrF2 → products (Halon–2402) O(1D) + CF3CF3 → O + CF3CF3 (CFC–116) O(1D) + CHF2CF2CF2CHF2 → products (HFC–338pcc) O(1D) + c–C4F8 → products O(1D) + CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 → products (HFC–43–10mee) O(1D) + C5F12 → products (CFC–41–12) O(1D) + C6F14 → products (CFC–51–14) O(1D) + 1,2–(CF3)2c–C4F6 → products O(1D) + SF6 → products
Section5.indb 88
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling
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Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling
OH + HD → products OH + OH → H2O + O OH + HO2 → H2O + O2 OH + H2O2 → H2O+ HO2 HO2 + O3 → OH + 2O2 HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + O2 H2O2 + O2
Reaction
NOx Reactions O + NO2 → NO + O2 O + NO3→ O2 + NO2 O + N2O5 → products O + HNO3 → OH + NO3 O + HO2NO2 → products H + NO2 → OH + NO OH + NO3 → products OH + HONO → H2O + NO2 OH + HNO3 → H2O + NO3 OH + HO2NO2 → products OH + NH3 → H2O + NH2 HO2 + NO → NO2 + OH HO2 + NO2 → ΗΟΝΟ + Ο2 HO2 + NO3 → products HO2 + NH2 → products N + O2 → NO + O N + O3 → NO + O2 N + NO → N2 + O N + NO2 → N2O + O NO + O3 → NO2 + O2 NO + NO3 → 2NO2 NO2 + O3 → NO3 + O2 NO2 + NO3 → NO + NO2 +O2 NO3 + NO3 → 2NO2 + O2 NH2 + O2 → products NH2 + O3 → products NH2 + NO → products NH2 + NO2 → products NH + NO → products NH + NO2 → products O3 + HNO2 → O2 + HNO3 N2O5 + H2O → 2HNO3 N2(A,v) + O2 → products N2(A,v) + O3 → products Reactions of Organic Compounds O + CH3 → products O + HCN → products O + C2H2 → products O + H2CO → products O + CH3CHO → CH3CO + OH O3 + C2H2 → products O3 + C2H4 → products O3 + C3H6 → products OH + CO → products OH + CH4 → CH3 + H2O OH + 13CH4 → 13CH3 + H2O OH + CH3D → products OH + H2CO → H2O + HCO
Section5.indb 89
5-89 A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 5.0×10–12 4.2×10–12 4.8×10–11 2.9×10–12 1.1×10–14 2.3×10–13 1.7×10–33[M]
E/R K 2130±200 240±240 –(250±200) 160±100 500± –(600±200) –(1000±400)
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 4.0×10–15 1.9×10–12 1.1×10–10 1.7×10–12 2.0×10–15 1.7×10–12 4.9×10–32[M]
6.5×10–12 1.0×10–11
–(120±120) 0±150
1.1 1.5
7.8×10–11 4.0×10–10
3400±750 340±300
1.8×10–11 See reference 1.3×10–12 1.7×10–12 3.5×10–12 See reference
390± 1.3 –(380±) 710±200 –(250±50)
9.7×10–12 1.0×10–11 <3.0×10–16 <3.0×10–17 8.6×10–16 1.3×10–10 2.2×10–11 4.5×10–12 4.6×10–12 1.6×10–13 8.1×10–12
1.5 1.2 1.15
1.5×10–11
3600±400
1.5 2.0 1.25
2.1×10–11 5.8×10–12 2.0×10–12 1.5×10–11 1.2×10–13 See reference 8.5×10–13
–(100±100) –(220±100) 1400±200 –(170±100) 2450±150
3.5×10–12 3.4×10–11 8.5×10–17 <2.0×10–16 3.0×10–11 1.2×10–11 1.8×10–14 2.6×10–11 3.2×10–17
1.5
4.3×10–12 4.0×10–12 2.1×10–12 4.9×10–11 3.5×10–13
930±500 –(450±150) –(650±250) 0±300 –(1140±500)
2.3×10–16 <6.0×10–21 1.9×10–13 1.8×10–11 1.9×10–11 4.9×10–11 1.6×10–11 <5.0×10–19 <2.0×10–21 2.5×10–12, v=0 4.1×10–11, v=0
1.1×10–10 1.0×10–11 3.0×10–11 3.4×10–11 1.8×10–11 1.0×10–14 1.2×10–14 6.5×10–15 1.5×10-13 x (1+0.6Patm) 2.45×10–12 See reference 3.5×10–12 1.0×10–11
2450±500
0±250 4000±1000 1600±250 1600±250 1100±200 4100±500 2630±100 1900±200 0±300
f(298) 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3
3.0 1.3 1.5 1.5
1.3 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.15
3.0 1.3 3.0 1.5 2.0
1.5 2.0 1.3 10 1.3 1.25 1.25 3 1.25 1.2 1.3
1775±100
1.1×10–10 1.5×10–17 1.4×10–13 1.6×10–13 4.5×10–13 1.0×10–20 1.7×10–18 1.1×10–17 1.5×10-13 x (1+0.6Patm) 6.3×10–15
1950 ± 200 0±200
5.0×10–15 1.0×10–11
1.15 1.25
1.1
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Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling
5-90 Reaction
OH + CH3OH → products OH + CH3OOH → products OH + HC(O)OH → products OH + HCN → products OH + C2H6 → H2O + C2H5 OH + C3H8 → H2O + C3H7 OH + CH3CHO → CH3CO + H2O OH + C2H5OH → products OH + CH3C(O)OH → products OH + CH3C(O)CH3 → CH3C(O)CH2 + H2O OH + CH3CN → products OH+ CH3ONO2 → products OH + CH3C(O)O2NO2 (PAN)→ products OH+ C2H5ONO2 → products HO2 + CH2O → adduct HO2 + CH3O2 → CH3OOH + O2 HO2 + C2H5O2 → C2H5OOH + O2 HO2 + CH3C(O)O2 → products NO3 + CO → products NO3 + CH2O → products NO3 + CH3CHO → products CH3 + O2 → products CH3 + O3 → products HCO + O2 → CO + HO2 CH2OH + O2 → CH2O + HO2 CH3O + O2 → CH2O + HO2 CH3O + NO → CH2O + HNO CH3O+ NO2 → CH2O + HONO CH3O2 + O3 → products CH3O2 + CH3O2 → products CH3O2 + NO → CH3O + NO2 CH3O2 + CH3C(O)O2 → products C2H5 + O2 → C2H4 + HO2 C2H5O + O2 → CH3CHO + HO2 C2H5O2 + C2H5O2 → products C2H5O2 + NO → products CH3C(O)O2 + CH3C(O)O2 → products CH3C(O)O2 + NO → products FOx Reactions O + FO → F + O2 O + FO2 → FO + O2 OH + CH3F → CH2F + H2O (HFC–41) OH + CH2F2 → CHF2 + H2O (HFC–32) OH + CHF3 → CF3 + H2O (HFC–23) OH + CF3OH → CF3O + H2O OH + CH3CH2F → products (HFC–161) OH + CH3CHF2 → products (HFC–152a) OH + CH2FCH2F → CHFCH2F (HFC–152) + H2O OH + CH3CF3 → CH2CF3 + H2O (HFC–143a) OH + CH2FCHF2 → products (HFC–143) OH + CH2FCF3 → CHFCF3 + H2O (HFC–134a) OH + CHF2CHF2 → CF2CHF2 (HFC–134) + H2O OH + CHF2CF3 → CF2CF3 + H2O (HFC–125) OH + CH3OCHF2 → products (HFOC–152a) OH + CF3OCH3 → CF3OCH2 + H2O (HFOC–143a) OH + CF2HOCF2H → CF2OCF2H (HFOC–134) + H2O OH + CF3OCHF2 → CF3OCF2 + H2O (HFOC–125)
Section5.indb 90
A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 6.7×10–12 3.8×10–12 4.0×10–13 1.2×10–13 8.7 × 10–12 1.0 × 10–11 5.6×10–12 7.0×10–12 4.0×10–13 2.2 × 10–12 7.8×10–13 5.0×10–13
E/R K 600±300 –(200±200) 0±200 400±150 1070±100 660±100 –(270±200) 235±100 –(200±400) 685±100 1050±200 890±500
8.2×10–13 6.7×10–15 3.8×10–13 7.5×10–13 4.5×10–13
450±300 –(600±600) –(800±400) –(700±250) –(1000±600)
1.4×10–12
1900±300
5.4×10–12 3.5×10–12 9.1×10–12 3.9×10–14 See reference 1.1 × 10–11
220±150 –(140±140) 0±200 900±300
2.5×10–13 3.0×10–12 1.3×10–12
–(190±190) –(280±60) –(640±200)
6.3 × 10–14 6.8×10–14 2.6×10–12 2.9×10–12 5.3×10–12
550±200 0±300 –(365±150) –(500±150) –(360±150)
2.7×10–11 5.0×10–11 3.0×10–12 1.9×10–12 1.0×10–12
0±250 0±250 1500±300 1550±200 2440±200
7.0×10–12 2.4×10–12 1.7×10–11 1.8×10–12 4.0×10–12 1.5×10–12 1.6×10–12 5.6×10–13 6.0×10–12 1.5×10–12 1.9×10–12 4.7×10–13
1100±300 1260±200 1500±500 2170±150 1650±300 1750±200 1680±300 1700±300 1530±150 1450±150 2000±150 2100±300
1200±600
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 8.9×10–13 7.4×10–12 4.0×10–13 3.1×10–14 2.4×10–13 1.1×10–12 1.4×10–11 3.2×10–12 8.0×10–13 2.2×10–13 2.3×10–14 2.4×10–14 <4 × 10–14 1.8×10–13 5.0×10–14 5.6×10–12 8.0×10–12 1.3×10–11 <4.0×10–19 5.8×10–16 2.4×10–15 <3.0×10–16 2.6×10–12 5.5×10–12 9.1×10–12 1.9×10–15 2.0 × 10–13 <3.0×10–17 4.7×10–13 7.7×10–12 1.1×10–11 <2.0×10–14 1.0×10–14 6.8×10–14 8.7×10–12 1.5×10–11 1.8×10–11 2.7×10–11 5.0×10–11 2.0×10–14 1.0×10–14 2.8×10–16 <2×10–17 1.7×10–13 3.5×10–14 1.1×10–13 1.2×10–15 1.6×10–14 4.2×10–15 5.7×10–15 1.9×10–15 3.5×10–14 1.2×10–14 2.3×10–15 4.1×10–16
f(298) 1.2 1.5 1.3 3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.15 1.5 3 3 5 2 1.5 2 1.3 1.3 2 1.3 1.3 1.5 5 1.5 1.15 1.5 1.5 2 1.2 1.5 1.4 3.0 5.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2
4/29/05 3:48:20 PM
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling Reaction OH + CF3CH2CH3 → products (HFC–263fb) OH + CH2FCF2CHF2 → products (HFC–245ca) OH + CHF2CHFCHF2 → products (HFC–245ea) OH + CF3CHFCH2F → products (HFC–245eb) OH + CHF2CH2CF3 → products (HFC–245fa) OH + CF3CF2CH2F → CF3CF2CHF (HFC–236cb) +H2O OH + CF3CHFCHF2 → products (HFC–236ea) OH + CF3CH2CF3 → CF3CHCF3 (HFC–236fa) +H2O OH + CF3CHFCF3 → CF3CFCF3+H2O (HFC–227ea) OH + CHF2OCH2CF3 → products (HFOC–245fa) OH + CF3CH2CF2CH3 → products (HFC–365mfc) OH + CF3CH2CH2CF3 → products (HFC–356mff ) OH + CF3CF2CH2CH2F → products (HFC–356mcf ) OH + CHF2CF2CF2CF2H → products (HFC–338pcc) OH + CF3CH2CF2CH2CF3 → products (HFC–458mfcf ) OH + CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 → products (HFC–43–10mee) OH + CF3CF2CH2CH2CF2CF3 → (HFC–55–10–mcff ) products F + O3 → FO + O2 F + H2 → HF + H F + H2O → HF + OH F + HNO3 → HF + NO3 F + CH4 → HF + CH3 FO + O3 → products FO + NO → NO2 + F FO + FO → 2 F + O2 FO2 + O3 → products FO2 + NO → FNO + O2 FO2 + NO2 → products FO2 + CO → products FO2 + CH4 → products CF3O + O2 → FO2 + CF2O CF3O + O3 → CF3O2 + O2 CF3O + H2O → OH + CF3OH CF3O + NO → CF2O + FNO CF3O + NO2 → products CF3O + CO → products CF3O + CH4 → CH3 + CF3OH CF3O + C2H6 → C2H5 + CF3OH CF3O2 + O3 → CF3O + 2O2 CF3O2 + CO → CF3O + CO2 CF3O2 + NO → CF3O + NO2 ClOx Reactions O + ClO → Cl + O2 O + OClO → ClO + O2 O + Cl2O → ClO + ClO O + HCl → OH + Cl O + HOCl → OH + ClO O + ClONO2 → products O3 + OClO → products O3 + Cl2O2 → products OH + Cl2 → HOCl + Cl OH + ClO → products OH + OClO → HOCl + O2 OH + HCl → H2O + Cl OH + HOCl → H2O + ClO OH + ClNO2 → HOCl + NO2 OH + ClONO2 → products
Section5.indb 91
5-91 A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 – 2.4×10–12 – – 6.1×10–13 1.5×10–12 1.1×10–12 1.3×10–12 5.0×10–13 2.6×10–12 2.0×10–12 3.0×10–12 1.7×10–12 7.8×10–13 1.2×10–12 5.2×10–13 – 2.2×10–11 1.4×10–10 1.4×10–11 6.0×10–12 1.6×10–10
E/R K – 1660±150 – – 1330±150 1750±500 1590±150 2480±150 1700±300 1610±150 1750±200 1800±300 1110±200 1530±200 1830±200 1500±300 – 230±200 500±200 0±200 –(400±200) 260±200
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 4.2×10–14 9.1×10–15 1.6×10–14 1.5×10–14 7.0×10–15 4.2×10–15 5.3×10–15 3.2×10–16 1.7×10–15 1.2×10–14 5.7×10–15 7.1×10–15 4.2×10–14 4.6×10–15 2.6×10–15 3.4×10–15 8.3×10–15 1.0×10–11 2.6×10–11 1.4×10–11 2.3×10–11 6.7×10–11 <1 × 10–14 2.2×10–11 1.0×10–11 <3.4×10–16 7.5×10–13 4.0×10–14 <5.1×10–16 <2×10–16 <1.5 × 10–18 1.8 × 10–14 <2 × 10–17 5.4 × 10–11
8.2×10–12 1.0×10–11
–(300±200) 0±250
7.5×10–12 3.8×10–11
690±400 2040±500
<3 × 10–11 2 × 10–12 3 × 10–12 3.7 × 10–11 See reference
5000 1400±600 >3600 –(110±70)
2.6 × 10–12 4.9 × 10–12
1420±200 400±100
5.4 × 10–12
–(320±150)
<2 × 10–15 2.2 × 10–14 1.3 × 10–12 <3 × 10–15 <5 × 10–16 1.6 × 10–11
3.0×10–11 2.4×10–12 2.7×10–11 1.0×10–11 1.7×10–13 2.9×10–12 2.1×10–12 – 1.4×10–12 1.1×10–11 4.5×10–13 2.6×10–12 3.0×10–12 2.4×10–12 1.2×10–12
–(70±70) 960±300 530±150 3300±350 0±300 800±200 4700±1000 – 900±400 –(120±150) –(800±200) 350±100 500±500 1250±300 330±200
3.8×10–11 1.0×10–13 4.5×10–12 1.5×10–16 1.7×10–13 2.0×10–13 3.0×10–19 <1.0×10–19 6.7×10–14 1.7×10–11 6.8×10–12 8.0×10–13 5.0×10–13 3.6×10–14 3.9×10–13
f(298) 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.3 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0
1.3 1.2
1.1 1.2
1.1 1.2 2.0 1.3 2.0 3.0 1.5 2.5 – 1.2 1.5 2.0 1.2 3.0 2.0 1.5
4/29/05 3:48:21 PM
5-92 Reaction OH + CH3Cl → CH2Cl + H2O OH + CH2Cl2 → CHCl2 + H2O OH + CHCl3 → CCl3 + H2O OH + CCl4 → products OH + CFCl3 → products (CFC–11) OH + CF2Cl2 → products (CFC–12) OH + CH2ClF → CHClF + H2O (HCFC–31) OH + CHFCl2 → CFCl2 + H2O (HCFC–21) OH + CHF2Cl → CF2Cl + H2O (HCFC–22) OH + CH3OCl → products OH + CH3CCl3 → CH2CCl3 + H2O (HCC–140) OH + C2HCl3 → products OH + C2Cl4 → products OH + CCl3CHO → H2O + CCl3CO OH + CH3CFCl2 → CH2CFCl2 + H2O (HCFC–141b) OH + CH3CF2Cl → CH2CF2Cl + H2O (HCFC–142b) OH + CH2ClCF2Cl → CHClCF2Cl (HCFC–132b) + H2O OH + CHCl2CF2Cl → CCl2CF2Cl (HCFC–122) + H2O OH + CHFClCFCl2 → CFClCFCl2 (HCFC–122a) + H2O OH + CH2ClCF3 → CHClCF3 + H2O (HCFC–133a) OH + CHCl2CF3 → CCl2CF3 + H2O (HCFC–123) OH + CHFClCF2Cl → CFClCF2Cl (HCFC–123a) + H2O OH + CHFClCF3 → CFClCF3 + H2O (HCFC–124) OH + CH3CF2CFCl2 → products (HCFC–243cc) OH + CF3CF2CHCl2 → products (HCFC–225ca) OH + CF2ClCF2CHFCl → products (HCFC–225cb) HO2 + Cl → HCl + O2 → OH + ClO HO2 + ClO → HOCl + O2 H2O + ClONO2 → products NO + OClO → NO2 + ClO NO + Cl2O2 → products NO3 + HCl → HNO3 + Cl HO2NO2 + HCl → products Cl + O3 → ClO + O2 Cl + H2 → HCl + H Cl + H2O2 → HCl + HO2 Cl + NO3 → ClO + NO2 Cl + N2O → ClO + N2 Cl + HNO3 → products Cl + CH4 → HCl + CH3 Cl + CH3D → products Cl + H2CO → HCl + HCO Cl + CH3O2 → products Cl + CH3OH → CH2OH + HCl Cl + C2H6 → HCl + C2H5 Cl + C2H5O2 → ClO + C2H5O → HCl + C2H4O2 Cl + CH3CN → products Cl + CH3CO3NO2 → products Cl + C3H8 → HCl + C3H7 Cl + OClO → ClO + ClO Cl + ClOO → Cl2 + O2 → ClO + ClO Cl + Cl2O → Cl2 + ClO Cl + Cl2O2 → products Cl + HOCl → products Cl + ClNO → NO + Cl2
Section5.indb 92
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 4.0×10–12 3.8×10–12 2.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 2.8×10–12 1.7×10–12 1.0×10–12 2.4×10–12 1.8×10–12 4.9×10–13 9.4×10–12 8.2×10–12 1.7×10–12 1.3×10–12 3.6×10–12 1.0×10–12 1.0×10–12 5.2×10–13 7.0×10–13 9.2×10–13 8.0×10–13 7.7×10–13 1.0×10–12 5.5×10–13 1.8×10–11 4.1×10–11 4.8×10–13 – 2.5×10–12 – – – 2.9×10–11 3.7×10–11 1.1×10–11 2.4×10–11 See reference – 1.1×10–11 – 8.1×10–11 – 5.4×10–11 7.7×10–11 – – 1.6×10–11 – 1.2×10–10 3.4×10–11 2.3×10–10 1.2×10–11 6.2×10–11 – 2.5×10–12 5.8×10–11
E/R K 1400±250 1050±150 900±150 >2300 >3700 >3600 1270±200 1250±150 1600±150 360±200 1550±150 –(450±200) 1200±200 600±300 1700±150 1800±150 1600±400 900±150 1250±150 1100±300 900±150 1280±150 1350±150 1700±300 1100±200 1250±200 –(170±200) 450±200 –(700±) – 600±300 – – – 260±100 2300±200 980±500 0±400
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 3.6×10–14 1.1×10–13 1.0×10–13 <5.0×10–16 <5.0×10–18 <6.0×10–18 3.9×10–14 2.6×10–14 4.7×10–15 7.2×10–13 1.0×10–14 2.2×10–12 1.7×10–13 1.1×10–12 5.7×10–15 3.1×10–15 1.7×10–14 4.9×10–14 1.5×10–14 1.3×10–14 3.4×10–14 1.3×10–14 8.6×10–15 2.6×10–15 2.5×10–14 8.3×10–15 3.2×10–11 9.1×10–12 5.0×10–12 <2.0×10–21 3.4×10–13 <2.0×10–14 <5.0×10–17 <1.0×10–21 1.2×10–11 1.6×10–14 4.1×10–13 2.4×10–11
– 1400±150 – 30±100 – 0±250 90±90 – – 2140±300 – –(40±250) –(160±200) 0±250 0±250 –(130±130) – 130±250 –(100±200)
<2.0×10–16 1.0×10–13 7.4×10–14 7.3×10–11 1.6×10–10 5.4×10–11 5.7×10–11 7.4×10–11 7.7×10–11 1.2×10–14 <1×10–14 1.4×10–10 5.8×10–11 2.3×10–10 1.2×10–11 9.6×10–11 1.0×10–10 1.6×10–12 8.1×10–11
f(298) 1.2 1.4 1.2 – – – 1.2 1.2 1.1 3.0 1.1 1.25 1.25 1.5 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.5 2.0 1.4 – 2.0 – – – 1.15 1.25 1.5 1.5 – 1.1 2.0 1.15 1.5 1.5 1.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.25 3.0 3.0 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5
4/29/05 3:48:23 PM
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling Reaction
Cl + ClONO2 → products Cl + CH3Cl → CH2Cl + HCl Cl + CH2Cl2 → HCl + CHCl2 Cl + CHCl3 → HCl + CCl3 Cl + CH3F → HCl + CH2F (HFC–41) Cl + CH2F2 → HCl + CHF2 (HFC–32) Cl + CF3H → HCl + CF3 (HFC–23) Cl + CH2FCl → HCl + CHFCl (HCFC–31) Cl + CHFCl2 → HCl + CFCl2 (HCFC–21) Cl + CHF2Cl → HCl + CF2Cl (HCFC–22) Cl + CH3CCl3 → CH2CCl3 + HCl Cl + CH3CH2F → HCl + CH3CHF (HFC–161) → HCl + CH2CH2F Cl + CH3CHF2 → HCl + CH3CF2 (HFC–152a) → HCl + CH2CHF2 Cl + CH2FCH2F → HCl + CHFCH2F (HFC–152) Cl + CH3CFCl2 → HCl + CH2CFCl2 (HCFC–141b) Cl + CH3CF2Cl → HCl + CH2CF2Cl (HCFC–142b) Cl + CH3CF3 → HCl + CH2CF3 (HFC–143a) Cl + CH2FCHF2 → HCl + CH2FCF2 (HFC–143) → HCl + CHFCHF2 Cl + CH2ClCF3 → HCl + CHClCF3 (HCFC–133a) Cl + CH2FCF3 → HCl + CHFCF3 (HFC–134a) Cl + CHF2CHF2 → HCl + CF2CHF2 (HCF–134) Cl + CHCl2CF3 → HCl + CCl2CF3 (HCFC–123) Cl + CHFClCF3 → HCl + CFClCF3 (HCFC–124) Cl + CHF2CF3 → HCl + CF2CF3 (HFC–125) ClO + O3 → ClOO + O2 → OClO + O2 ClO + H2 → products ClO + NO → NO2 + Cl ClO + NO3 → ClOO + NO2 ClO + N2O → products ClO + CO → products ClO + CH4 → products ClO + H2CO → products ClO + CH3O2 → products ClO + ClO → Cl2 + O2 → ClOO + Cl → OClO + Cl HCl + ClONO2 → products CH2ClO + O2 → CHClO + HO2 CH2ClO2 + HO2 → CH2ClO2H + O2 CH2ClO2 + NO → CH2ClO + NO2 CCl3O2 + NO → CCl2O + NO2 + Cl CCl2FO2 + NO → CClFO + NO2 + Cl CClF2O2 + NO → CF2O + NO2 + Cl BrOx Reactions O + BrO → Br + O2 O + HBr → OH + Br O + HOBr → OH + BrO OH + Br2 → HOBr + Br OH + BrO → products OH + HBr → H2O + Br OH + CH3Br → CH2Br + H2O OH + CH2Br2 → CHBr2 + H2O OH + CHBr3 → CBr3 + H2O
Section5.indb 93
5-93 A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 6.5×10–12 3.2×10–11 3.1×10–11 8.2×10–12 2.0×10–11 1.2×10–11 – 1.2×10–11 5.5×10–12 5.9×10–12 2.8×10–12 1.8×10–11 1.4×10–11 6.4×10–12 7.2×10–12 2.6×10–11 1.8×10–12 1.4×10–12 1.2×10–11 5.5×10–12 7.7×10–12 1.8×10–12 – 7.5×10–12 4.4×10–12 1.1×10–12 – – 1.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 6.4×10–12 4.7×10–13 ~1.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 ~1.0×10–12 3.3×10–12 1.0×10–12 3.0×10–11 3.5×10–13 – – 3.3 × 10–13 7 × 10–12 7.3 × 10–12 4.5 × 10–12 3.8 × 10–12
E/R K –(135±50) 1250±200 1350±500 1325±300 1200±500 1630±500 – 1390±500 1675±200 2430±200 1790±400 290±500 880±500 950±500 2390±500 1060±500 2000±300 2420±500 3880±500 1610±500 1720±500 1710±500 – 2430±500 1750±500 1800±500 – – >4000 >4800 –(290±100) 0±400 >4300 >3700 >3700 >2100 115±115 1590±300 2450±500 1370±300 – – –(820±200) –(300±200) –(270±200) –(350±200) –(400±200)
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 1.0×10–11 4.8×10–13 3.3×10–13 9.6×10–14 3.5×10–13 5.0×10–14 3.0×10–18 1.1×10–13 2.0×10–14 1.7×10–15 7.0×10–15 6.8×10–12 7.3×10–13 2.6×10–13 2.4×10–15 7.5×10–13 2.2×10–15 4.2×10–16 2.6×10–17 2.5×10–14 2.4×10–14 5.9×10–15 1.5×10–15 2.2×10–15 1.2×10–14 2.7×10–15 2.4×10–16 <1.4×10–17 <1.0×10–18 <1.0×10–19 1.7×10–11 4.7×10–13 <6.0×10–19 <4.0×10–18 <4.0×10–18 <1.0×10–15 2.2×10–12 4.8×10–15 8.0×10–15 3.5×10–15 <1.0×10–20 6 × 10–14 5.2 × 10–12 1.9 × 10–11 1.8 × 10–11 1.5 × 10–11 1.5 × 10–11
f(298) 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.5 5.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 2.0 3.0 3.0 1.3 3.0 3.0 1.2 1.2 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 – – – 1.15 1.5 – – – – 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 – 5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2
1.9×10–11 5.8×10–12 1.2×10–10 4.2×10–11 – 1.1×10–11 4.0×10–12 2.4×10–12 1.6×10–12
–(230±150) 1500±200 430±300 0±600 – 0±250 1470±150 900±300 710±200
4.1×10–11 3.8×10–14 2.8×10–11 4.2×10–11 7.5×10–11 1.1×10–11 2.9×10–14 1.2×10–13 1.5×10–13
1.5 1.3 3.0 1.3 3.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 2.0
4/29/05 3:48:25 PM
5-94 Reaction OH + CHF2Br → CF2Br + H2O OH + CH2ClBr → CHClBr + H2O OH + CF2ClBr → products OH + CF2Br2 → products OH + CF3Br → products OH + CH2BrCF3 → CHBrCF3 + H2O OH + CHFBrCF3 → CFBrCF3 OH + CHClBrCF3 → CClBrCF3 + H2O OH + CF2BrCHFCl → CF2BrCFCl + H2O OH + CF2BrCF2Br → products HO2 + Br → HBr + O2 HO2 + BrO → products NO3 + HBr → HNO3 + Br Cl + CH2ClBr → HCl + CHClBr Cl + CH3Br → HCl + CH2Br Cl + CH2Br2 → HCl + CHBr2 Br + O3 → BrO + O2 Br + H2O2 → HBr + HO2 Br + NO3 → BrO + NO2 Br + H2CO → HBr + HCO Br + OClO → BrO + ClO Br + Cl2O → BrCl + ClO Br + Cl2O2 → products BrO + O3 → products BrO + NO → NO2 + Br BrO + NO3 → products BrO + ClO → Br + OClO → Br + ClOO → BrCl + O2 BrO + BrO → products CH2BrO2 + NO → CH2O + NO2 + Br IOx Reactions O + I2 → IO + I O + IO → O2 + I OH + I2 → ΗΟΙ + Ι OH + HI → H2O + I OH + CH3I → H2O + CH2I OH + CF3I → HOI + CF3 HO2 + I → HI + O2 HO2 + IO → HOI + O2 NO3 + HI → HNO3 + I I + O3 → IO + O2 I + BrO → IO + Br IO + NO → I + NO2 IO + ClO → products IO + BrO → products IO + IO → products INO + INO → I2 + 2NO INO2 + INO2 → I2 + 2NO2 SOx Reactions O + SH → SO + H O + CS → CO + S O + H2S → OH + SH O + OCS → CO + SO O + CS2 → CS + SO O + CH3SCH3 → CH3SO + CH3 O + CH3SSCH3 → CH3SO + CH3S
Section5.indb 94
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 1.1×10–12 2.3×10–12 – – – 1.4×10–12 7.2×10–13 1.3×10–12 9.3×10–13 – 1.5×10–11 3.4×10–12 – 4.3×10–11 1.5×10–11 6.4×10–12 1.7×10–11 1.0×10–11 – 1.7×10–11 2.6×10–11 2.1×10–11 – ~1.0×10–12 8.8×10–12 – 1.6×10–12 2.9×10–12 5.8×10–13 1.5×10–12 4×10–12
E/R K 1400±200 930±150 – – – 1340±200 1110±150 995±150 1250±150 – 600±600 –(540±200) – 1370±500 1060±100 810±100 800±200 >3000 – 800±200 1300±300 470±150 – >3200 –(260±130) – –(430±200) –(220±200) –(170±200) –(230±150) –(300±200)
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 1.0×10–14 1.0×10–13 <1.5×10–16 <5.0×10–16 <1.2×10–16 1.6×10–14 1.8×10–14 4.5×10–14 1.4×10–14 <1.5×10–16 2.0×10–12 2.1×10–11 <1.0×10–16 4.3×10–13 4.3×10–13 4.2×10–13 1.2×10–12 <5.0×10–16 1.6×10–11 1.1×10–12 3.4×10–13 4.3×10–12 3.0×10–12 <2.0×10–17 2.1×10–11 1.0×10–12 6.8×10–12 6.1×10–12 1.0×10–12 3.2×10–12 1.1 × 10–11
f(298) 1.1 1.2 – – – 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 – 2.0 1.5 – 3.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 – 2.0 1.3 2.0 1.3 2.0 – 1.15 3.0 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.15 1.5
1.4×10–10
0±250
3.1×10–12
1120±500
1.5×10–11
1090±500
See reference 2.3×10–11 – 9.1×10–12 5.1×10–12 – 1.5×10–11 8.4×10–11 2.9×10–11
1.4×10–10 1.2×10–10 1.8×10–10 3.0×10–11 7.2×10–14 3.1×10–14 3.8×10–13 8.4×10–11
1.4 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 1.5
870±200 – –(240±150) –(280±200) – –(500±500) 2620±600 2600±1000
1.2×10–12 1.2×10–11 2.0×10–11 1.3×10–11 6.9×10–11 8.0×10–11 1.3×10–14 4.7×10–15
1.2 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.5 3.0
– 2.7×10–10 9.2×10–12 2.1×10–11 3.2×10–11 1.3×10–11 5.5×10–11
– 760±250 1800±550 2200±150 650±150 –(410±100) –(250±100)
1.6×10–10 2.1×10–11 2.2×10–14 1.3×10–14 3.6×10–12 5.0×10–11 1.3×10–10
5.0 1.1 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3
4/29/05 3:48:26 PM
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling Reaction
O3 + H2S → products O3 + CH3SCH3 → products O3 + SO2 → SO3 + O2 OH + H2S → SH + H2O OH + OCS → products OH + CS2 → products OH + CH3SH → CH3S + H2O OH + CH3SCH3 → H2O + CH2SCH3 OH + CH3SSCH3 → products OH + S → H + SO OH + SO → H + SO2 HO2 + H2S → products HO2 + CH3SH → products HO2 + CH3SCH3 → products HO2 + SO2 → products NO2 + SO2 → products NO3+ H2S → products NO3 + OCS → products NO3 + CS2 → products NO3 + CH3SH → products NO3 + CH3SCH3→ CH3SCH2 + HNO3 NO3 + CH3SSCH3 → products NO3 + SO2 → products N2O5 + CH3SCH3 → products CH3O2 + SO2 → products F + CH3SCH3 → products Cl + H2S → HCl + SH Cl + OCS → products Cl + CS2 → products Cl + CH3SH → CH3S + HCl Cl + CH3SCH3 → products ClO + OCS → products ClO + CH3SCH3 → products ClO + SO → Cl +SO2 ClO + SO2 → Cl + SO3 Br + H2S → HBr + SH Br + CH3SH → CH3S + HBr Br + CH3SCH3 → products BrO + CH3SCH3 → products BrO + SO → Br + SO2 IO + CH3SH → products IO + CH3SCH3 → products S + O2 → SO + O S + O3 → SO + O2 SO + O2 → SO2 + O SO + O3 → SO2 + O2 SO + NO2 → SO2 + NO SO + OClO → SO2 + ClO SO3 + H2O → products SO3 + NO2 → products SH + O2 → OH + SO SH + O3 → HSO + O2 SH + H2O2 → products SH + NO2 → HSO + NO SH + Cl2 → ClSH + Cl SH + BrCl → products SH + Br2 → BrSH + Br SH + F2 → FSH + F
Section5.indb 95
5-95 A cm3 molecule–1 s–1 – – 3.0×10–12 6.0×10–12 1.1×10–13 See reference 9.9×10–12 1.2×10–11 6.0×10–11 – – – – – – – – – – 4.4×10–13 1.9×10–13 1.3×10–12 – – – – 3.7×10–11 – – 1.2×10–10 See reference – – 2.8×10–11 – 1.4×10–11 9.2×10–12 See reference 1.5×10–14
E/R K – – >7000 75±75 1200±500 – –(360±100) 260±100 –(400±200) – – – – – – – – – – –(210±210) –(500±200) 270±270 – – – – –(210±100) – – –(150±50) – – – 0±50 – 2750±300 390±100
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 <2.0×10–20 <1.0×10–18 <2.0×10–22 4.7×10–12 1.9×10–15 – 3.3×10–11 5.0×10–12 2.3×10–10 6.6×10–11 8.6×10–11 <3.0×10–15 <4.0×10–15 <5.0×10–15 <1.0×10–18 <2.0×10–26 <8.0×10–16 <1.0×10–16 <4.0×10–16 8.9×10–13 1.0×10–12 5.3×10–13 <7.0×10–21 <1.0×10–17 <5.0×10–17 2.4.×10–10 7.4×10–11 <1.0×10–16 <4.0×10–15 2.0×10–10 – <2.0×10–16 9.5×10–15 2.8×10–11 <4.0×10–18 1.4×10–15 2.5×10–12
–(850±200)
2.3×10–12
0±200
2.6×10–13 3.6×10–12 1.4×10–11
2400±500 1100±200 0±50
2.6×10–13 5.7×10–11 6.6×10–16 1.2×10–14 2.3×10–12 1.2×10–11 8.4×10–17 9.0×10–14 1.4×10–11 1.9×10–12 – 1.0×10–19 <4.0×10–19 3.5×10–12 <5.0×10–15 6.5×10–11 1.7×10–12 7.4×10–11 1.0×10–10 4.0×10–13
See reference
9.0×10–12
280±200
2.9×10–11 1.7×10–11 2.3×10–11 6.0×10–11 4.3×10–11
–(240±50) 690±200 –(350±200) –(160±160) 1390±200
f(298) – – – 1.2 2.0 – 1.2 1.15 1.2 3.0 2.0 – – – – – – – – 1.25 1.2 1.4 – – –
2.0 1.25 – – 1.25 – – 2.0 1.3 – 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.5 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.2 3.0 – 10.0 – 1.3 – 1.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
4/29/05 3:48:28 PM
Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling
5-96 Reaction
HSO + O2 → products HSO + O3 → products HSO + NO → products HSO + NO2 → HSO2 + NO HSO2 + O2 → HO2 + SO2 HOSO2 + O2 → HO2 + SO3 CS + O2 → OCS + O CS + O3 → OCS + O2 CS + NO2 → OCS + NO CH3S + O2 → products CH3S + O3 → products CH3S + NO → products CH3S + NO2 → CH3SO + NO CH2SH + O2 → products CH2SH + O3 → products CH2SH + NO → products CH2SH + NO2 → products CH3SO + O3 → products CH3SO + NO2 → CH3SO2 + NO CH3SOO + O3 → products CH3SOO + NO → products CH3SO2+ NO2 → products CH3SCH2 + NO3 → products CH3SCH2O2 + NO → CH3SCH2O + NO2 CH3SS + O3 → products CH3SS + NO2 → products CH3SSO + NO2 → products
A cm3 molecule–1 s–1
E/R K
1.3×10–12
330±200
2.0×10–12
–(290±100)
2.1×10–11
–(320±100)
1.1×10–11 2.2×10–11
0±100 0±100
1.0×10–9 – 2.8×10–10 7.3×10–10 3.7×10–10 1.1×10–9 6.0×10–11 2.6×10–11 2.2×10–10 1.5×10–10 2.8×10–10 2.2×10–11 – 2.3×10–10 2.8×10–10
95±50 – 1600±400 0±200 0±400 570±300 0±800 0±600 0±400 0±400 0±400 0±600 – 0±400 0±400
Metal Reactions Na + O3 → NaO + O2 → NaO2 + O Na + N2O → NaO + N2 Na + Cl2 → NaCl + Cl NaO + O → Na + O2 NaO + O3 → NaO2 + O2 → Na + 2O2 NaO + H2 → NaOH + H NaO + H2O → NaOH + OH NaO + NO → Na + NO2 NaO + HCl → products NaO2 + O→ NaO + O2 NaO2 + NO→ NaO + NO2 NaO2 + HCl→ products NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
k (298 K) cm3 molecule–1 s–1 <2.0×10–17 1.0×10–13 <1.0×10–15 9.6×10–12 3.0×10–13 4.4×10–13 2.9×10–19 3.0×10–16 7.6×10–17 <3.0×10–18 5.3×10–12 <1.0×10–13 6.1×10–11 6.5×10–12 3.5×10–11 1.9×10–11 5.2×10–11 6.0×10–13 1.2×10–11 <8.0×10–13 1.1×10–11 2.2×10–11 3.0 × 10–10 1.9 × 10–11 4.6×10–13 1.8×10–11 4.5×10–12
f(298) – 1.3 – 2.0 3.0 1.2 2.0 3.0 3.0 – 1.15 – 1.15 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.4 – 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
7.3×10–10 <4.0×10–11 1.3×10–12 7.3×10–10 3.7×10–10 1.6×10–10 6.0×10–11 2.6×10–11 2.2×10–10 1.5×10–10 2.8×10–10 2.2×10–11 <10–14 2.3×10–10 2.8×10–10
1.2 – 1.2 1.3 3.0 1.5 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 3.0 5.0 – 3.0 3.0
TABLE 2. Rate Constants for Association Reactions
The values quoted are suitable for air as the third body, M. The integer in parentheses is the power of ten.
Reaction
Low pressure limit k0(T) = k0(300) (T/300)–n cm6 molecule–2 s–1 k0(300) n
High pressure limit k∞ (T) = k∞ (300) (T/300)–m cm3 molecule–1 s–1 k∞ (300) m
Ox Reactions O + O2→ O3
(6.0±0.5) (–34)
2.3±0.5
—
—
O( D) Reactions O(1D) + N2→ N2O
(3.5±3.0) (–37)
0.6
—
—
1
Section5.indb 96
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Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling
Reaction
5-97
Low pressure limit k0(T) = k0(300) (T/300)–n cm6 molecule–2 s–1 k0(300) n
High pressure limit k∞ (T) = k∞ (300) (T/300)–m cm3 molecule–1 s–1 k∞ (300) m
HOx Reactions H + O2 → HO2 OH + OH → H2O2
(5.7±0.5) (–32) (6.2±1.2) (–31)
1.6±0.5 1.0
(7.5±4.0) (–11) (2.6±1.0) (–11)
0±1.0 0±0.5
NOx Reactions O + NO → NO2 O + NO2 → NO3 OH + NO → HONO OH + NO2 → HNO3 HO2 + NO2 → HO2NO2 NO2 + NO3 → N2O5 NO3 → NO + O2
(9.0±2.0) (–32) (9.0±1.0) (–32) (7.0±1.0) (–31) (2.5±0.1) (–30) (1.8±0.3) (–31) (2.2±0.5) (–30) See reference
1.5±0.3 2.0±1.0 2.6±0.3 4.4±0.3 3.2±0.4 3.9±1.0
(3.0±1.0) (–11) (2.2±0.3) (–11) (3.6±1.0) (–11) (1.6±0.2) (–11) (4.7±1.0) (–12) (1.5±0.8) (–12)
0±1.0 0±1.0 0.1±0.5 1.7±0.2 1.4±1.4 0.7±0.4
Hydrocarbon Reactions CH3 + O2 → CH3O2 C2H5 + O2 → C2H5O2 OH + C2H2 → HOCHCH OH + C2H4 → HOCH2CH2 CH3O + NO → CH3ONO CH3O + NO2 → CH3ONO2 C2H5O + NO → C2H5ONO C2H5O + NO2 → C2H5ONO2 CH3O2 + NO2 → CH3O2NO2 CH3C(O)O2 + NO2 → CH3C(O)O2NO2
(4.5±1.5) (–31) (1.5±1.0) (–28) (5.5±2.0) (–30) (1.0±0.6) (–28) (1.4±0.5) (–29) (1.1±0.4) (–28) (2.8±1.0) (–27) (2.0±1.0) (–27) (1.5±0.8) (–30) (9.7±3.8) (–29)
3.0±1.0 3.0±1.0 0.0±0.2 0.8±2.0 3.8±1.0 4.0±2.0 4.0±2.0 4.0±2.0 4.0±2.0 5.6±2.8
(1.8±0.2) (–12) (8.0±1.0) (–12) (8.3±1.0) (–13) (8.8±0.9) (–12) (3.6±1.6) (–11) (1.6±0.5) (–11) (5.0±1.0) (–11) (2.8±0.4) (–11) (6.5±3.2) (–12) (9.3±0.4)(–12)
1.7±1.7 0±1.0 –2 0 0.6±1.0 1.0±1.0 1.0±1.0 1.0±1.0 2.0±2.0 1.5±0.3
FOx Reactions F + O2 → FO2 F + NO → FNO F + NO2 → FNO2 FO + NO2 → FONO2 CF3 + O2 → CF3O2 CF3O + NO2 → CF3ONO2 CF3O2 + NO2CF3O2NO2 CF3O + CO → CF3OCO CF3O → CF2O + F
(4.4±0.4) (–33) (1.8±0.3) (–31) (6.3±3.0) (–32) (2.6±2.0) (–31) (3.0±0.3) (–29) See reference (2.2±0.5) (–29) (2.5±0.2) (–31) See reference
1.2±0.5 1.0±10 2.0±2.0 1.3±1.3 4.0±2.0
– (2.8±1.4) (–10) (2.6±1.3) (–10) (2.0±1.0) (–11) (4.0±1.0) (–12)
– 0.0±1.0 0.0±1.0 1.5±1.5 1.0±1.0
5.0±1.0 –
(6.0±1.0) (–12) (6.8±0.4) (–14)
2.5±1.0 –1.2
ClOx Reactions Cl + O2 → ClOO Cl + NO → ClNO Cl + NO2 ClONO → ClNO2 Cl + CO → ClCO Cl + C2H2 → ClC2H2 Cl + C2H4 → ClC2H4 Cl + C2Cl4 → C2Cl5 ClO + NO2 → ClONO2 OClO + NO3 → O2ClONO2 ClO + ClO → Cl2O2 ClO + OClO → Cl2O3 OClO + O → ClO3 CH2Cl + O2 → CH2ClO2 CHCl2 + O2 → CHCl2O2 CCl3 + O2 → CCl3O2 CFCl2 + O2 → CFCl2O2 CF2Cl + O2 → CF2ClO2 CCl3O2 + NO2 → CCl3O2NO2 CFCl2O2 + NO2 → CFCl2O2NO2 CF2ClO2 + NO2 → CF2ClO2NO2
(2.7±1.0) (–33) (9.0±2.0) (–32) (1.3±0.2) (–30) (1.8±0.3) (–31) (1.3±0.5) (–33) ((5.9±1.0) (–30) (1.6±1) (–29) (1.4±0.6) (–28) (1.8±0.3) (–31) See reference (2.2±0.4) (–32) (6.2±1.0) (–32) (1.9±0.5) (–31) (1.9±0.1) (–30) (1.3±0.1) (–30) (6.9±0.2) (–31) (5.0±0.8) (–30) (3.0±1.5) (–30) (5.0±1.0) (–29) (3.5±0.5) (–29) (3.3±0.7) (–29)
1.5±0.5 1.6±0.5 2.0±1.0 2.0±1.0 3.8±0.5 2.1±1.0 3.3±1.0 8.5±1.0 3.4±1.0
– – (1.0±0.5) (–10) (1.0±0.5) (–10) – (2.1±0.4) (–10) (3.1±2) (–10) (4.0±1.0) (–11) (1.5±0.7) (–11)
– – 1.0±1.0 1.0±1.0 – 1.0±0.5 1.0±0.5 1.2±0.5 1.9±1.9
3.1±0.5 4.7±0.6 1.1±1.0 3.2±0.2 4.0±0.2 6.4±0.3 4.0±2.0 4.0±2.0 5.0±1.0 5.0±1.0 6.7±1.3
(3.5±2) (–12) (2.4±1.2) (–11) (3.1±0.8) (–11) (2.9±0.2) (–12) (2.8±0.2) (–12) (2.4±0.2) (–12) (6.0±1.0) (–12) (3±2) (–12) (6.0±1.0) (–12) (6.0±1.0) (–12) (4.1±1.9) (–12)
1.0±1.0 0±1.0 0±1.0 1.2±0.6 1.4±0.6 2.1±0.6 1.0±1.0 1.0±1.0 2.5±1.0 2.5±1.0 2.8±0.7
Section5.indb 97
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Chemical Kinetic Data for Stratospheric Modeling
5-98
Reaction
Low pressure limit k0(T) = k0(300) (T/300)–n cm6 molecule–2 s–1 k0(300) n
High pressure limit k∞ (T) = k∞ (300) (T/300)–m cm3 molecule–1 s–1 k∞ (300) m
BrOx Reactions Br + NO2 → BrNO2 BrO + NO2 → BrONO2
(4.2±0.8) (–31) (5.2±0.6) (–31)
2.4±0.5 3.2±0.8
(2.7±0.5) (–11) (6.9±1.0) (–12)
0±1.0 2.9±1.0
IOx Reactions I + NO → INO I + NO2 → INO2 IO + NO2 → IONO2
(1.8±0.5) (–32) (3.0±1.5) (–31) (5.9±2.0) (–31)
1.0±0.5 1.0±1.0 3.5±1.0
(1.7±1.0) (–11) (6.6±5.0) (–11) (9.0±1.0) (–12)
0±1.0 0±1.0 1.5±1.0
SOx Reactions HS + NO → HSNO CH3S +NO → CH3SNO O + SO2 → SO3 OH + SO2 → HOSO2 CH3SCH2 + O2 → CH3SCH2O2 SO3 + NH3 → H3NSO3
(2.4±0.4) (–31) (3.2±0.4) (–29) (1.3±)(–33) (3.0±1.0) (–31) See reference (3.9±0.8) (–30)
3.0±1.0 4.0±1.0 –3.6±0.7 3.3±1.5
(2.7±0.5) (–11) (3.9±0.6) (–11)
0 2.7±1.0
(1.5±0.5) (–12)
0
3.0±3.0
(4.7±1.3) (–11)
0±1.0
Metal Reactions Na + O2 → NaO2 NaO + O2 → NaO3 NaO + CO2 → NaCO3 NaOH + CO2 → NaHCO3
(3.2±0.3) (–30) (3.5±0.7) (–30) (8.7±2.6) (–28) (1.3±0.3) (–28)
1.4±0.3 2.0±2.0 2.0±2.0 2.0±2.0
(6.0±2.0) (–10) (5.7±3.0) (–10) (6.5±3.0) (–10) (6.8±4.0) (–10)
0±1.0 0±1.0 0±1.0 0±1.0
K(T)/cm3 molecule–1 = A exp (B/T) [200 < T/K < 300] Reaction HO2 + NO2 → HO2NO2 NO + NO2 → N2O3 NO2 + NO2 → N2O4 NO2 + NO3 → N2O5 CH3O2 + NO2 → CH3O2NO2 CH3C(O)O2 + NO2 → CH3C(O)O2NO2 F + O2 → FOO Cl + O2 → ClOO Cl + CO → ClCO ClO + O2 → ClO.O2 ClO + ClO → Cl2O2 ClO + OClO → Cl2O3 OClO + NO3 → O2ClONO2 OH + CS2 → CS2OH CH3S + O2 → CH3SO2
Section5.indb 98
TABLE 3. Equilibrium Constants
A/cm3 molecule–1 2.1x10–27 3.3x10–27 5.2x10–29 2.7x10–27 1.3x10–28 9.0x10–29 3.2x10–25 5.7x10–25 1.6x10–25 2.9x10–26 1.3x10–27 1.1x10–24 1x10–28 4.5x10–25 1.8x10–27
B/K 10900±1000 4667±100 6643±250 11000±500 11200±1000 14000±200 6100±1200 2500±750 4000±500 <3700 8744±850 5455±300 9300±1000 5140±500 5545±300
K (298 K) 1.6x10–11 2.1x10–20 2.5x10–19 2.9x10–11 2.7x10–12 2.3x10–8 2.5x10–16 2.5x10–21 1.1x10–19 <7.2x10–21 7.2x10–15 9.8x10–17 3.6x10–15 1.4x10–17 2.2x10–19
f (298 K) 5 2 2 1.3 2 2 1.0 2 5 – 1.5 3 5 1.4 1.4
4/29/05 3:48:32 PM
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER This table gives the electrical conductivity of highly purified water over a range of temperature and pressure. The first column of conductivity data refers to water at its own vapor pressure. Equations for calculating the conductivity at any temperature and pressure may be found in the reference.
Reference Marshall, W. L., J. Chem. Eng. Data 32, 221, 1987.
Conductivity in ¾S/cm at the Indicated Pressure t/°C 0 25 100 200 300 400 600
Sat. vapor 0.0115 0.0550 0.765 2.99 2.41
50 MPa 0.0150 0.0686 0.942 4.08 4.87 1.17
100 MPa 0.0189 0.0836 1.13 5.22 7.80 4.91 0.134
200 MPa 0.0275 0.117 1.53 7.65 14.1 14.3 4.65
400 MPa 0.0458 0.194 2.45 13.1 28.9 39.2 33.8
600 MPa 0.0667 0.291 3.51 19.5 46.5 71.3 85.7
5-71
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ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS The following table gives the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of some acids, bases, and salts as a function of concentration. All values refer to 20°C. The conductivity κ (often called specific conductance in older literature) is the reciprocal of the resistivity. The molar conductivity Λ is related to this by Λ = κ/c, where c is the amount-of-substance concentration of the electrolyte. Thus if κ has units of millisiemens per centimeter (mS/cm), as in this table, and c is expressed in mol/L, then Λ has units of S
cm2 mol-1. For these electrolytes the concentration c corresponding to the mass percent values given here can be found in the table “Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions” in Section 7.
References 1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry, and Physics, 70th Edition, 1989, p. D221. 2. Wolf, A. V., Aqueous Solutions and Body Fluids, Hoeber, 1996.
Electrical Conductivity κ in mS/cm for the Indicated Concentration in Mass Percent Name Acetic acid Ammonia Ammonium chloride Ammonium sulfate Barium chloride Calcium chloride Cesium chloride Citric acid Copper(II) sulfate Formic acid Hydrogen chloride Lithium chloride Magnesium chloride Magnesium sulfate Manganese(II) sulfate Nitric acid Oxalic acid Phosphoric acid Potassium bromide Potassium carbonate Potassium chloride Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Potassium hydrogen carbonate Potassium hydrogen phosphate Potassium hydroxide Potassium iodide Potassium nitrate Potassium permanganate Potassium sulfate Silver(I) nitrate Sodium acetate Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Sodium citrate Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium hydrogen phosphate Sodium hydroxide Sodium nitrate Sodium phosphate Sodium sulfate Sodium thiosulfate Strontium chloride Sulfuric acid Trichloroacetic acid Zinc sulfate
Formula CH3COOH NH3 NH4Cl (NH4)2SO4 BaCl2 CaCl2 CsCl H3C(OH)(COO)3 CuSO4 HCOOH HCl LiCl MgCl2 MgSO4 MnSO4 HNO3 H2C2O4 H3PO4 KBr K2CO3 KCl
0.5% 0.3 0.5 10.5 7.4 4.7 8.1 3.8 1.2 2.9 1.4 45.1 10.1 8.6 4.1
KH2PO4 KHCO3 K2HPO4 KOH KI KNO3 KMnO4 K2SO4 AgNO3 NaCH3COO NaBr Na2CO3 NaCl Na3C6H5O7 NaH2PO4 NaHCO3 Na2HPO4 NaOH NaNO3 Na3PO4 Na2SO4 Na2S2O3 SrCl2 H2SO4 CCl3COOH ZnSO4
3.0 4.6 5.2 20.0 3.8 5.5 3.5 5.8 3.1 3.9 5.0 7.0 8.2
28.4 14.0 5.5 5.2 7.0 8.2
2.2 4.2 4.6 24.8 5.4 7.3 5.9 5.7 5.9 24.3 10.3 2.8
1% 0.6 0.7 20.4 14.2 9.1 15.7 7.4 2.1 5.4 2.4 92.9 19.0 16.6 7.6 6.2 56.1 21.8 10.1 10.2 13.6 15.7
2% 0.8 1.0 40.3 25.7 17.4 29.4 13.8 3.0 9.3 3.5 183 34.9 31.2 13.3 10.6 108 35.3 16.2 19.5 25.4 29.5
5.9 8.9 9.9 38.5 7.5 10.7 6.9 11.2 6.1 7.6 9.7 13.1 16.0 7.4 4.4 8.2 8.7 48.6 10.6 14.1 11.2 10.7 11.4 47.8 19.6 5.4
11.0 17.0 18.3 75.0 14.2 20.1 13.0 21.0 12.0 14.4 18.4 23.3 30.2 12.8 9.1 15.0 15.6 93.1 20.4 22.7 19.8 19.5 22.0 92 37.2 10.0
5% 1.2 1.1 95.3 57.4 40.4 67.0 32.9 4.7 19.0 5.6
10% 1.5 1.0 180 105 76.7 117 65.8 6.2 32.2 7.8
15% 1.7 0.7
20% 1.7 0.5
147 109.0 157 102 7.0 42.3 9.0
185 137.0 177 142 7.2 9.9
10.4
76.4 66.9 27.4 21.6
127 108 42.7 34.5
155 129 54.2 43.7
170 134 51.1 47.6
165 122 44.1
146 98
65.6 31.5 47.7 58.0 71.9
59.4 95.6 109 143
88.4 144 152 208
118 194 188
146
173
209
44.6 72.4
101
128
71.8 87.3
110 124
188 157
224 182
72.0 64.1 122 88.6 171 52.0 43.3
92.8 69.3 157
112 69.2 191
129 64.3 216
162
204 57.1 49.6
222 57.3 53.1
53.5 54.0
82.6
111
134
152
165
178
71.3 76.7 91.5
91.1 104 127
109 123 153
134 168
136 178
118
148 33.7
193 43.3
221
25.0 38.8 40.3 178 35.2 47.0 30.5 48.0 26.7 30.9 44.0 47.0 70.1 26.2 21.0 31.4 31.4 206 46.2 43.5 42.7 43.3 49.1 211 84.7 20.5
88.6 49.8 53.4 84.6 74.4 126 42.1 33.2
25% 1.6 0.4
30% 1.4
40% 1.1
50% 0.8
215 183
172
106
7.1 10.5
9.9
8.6
223
46.1
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AIR These tables summarize the thermodynamic properties of air in the liquid and gaseous states. The first table refers to liquid and gaseous air at equilibrium as a function of temperature. The tabulated properties are: p(boil): Bubble point pressure (i.e., the pressure at which boiling begins as the pressure of the liquid is lowered) p(con): Dew point pressure (pressure at which condensation begins as the pressure of the gas is raised) ΔvapH: Enthalpy of vaporization ρ(liq): Density of the liquid phase ρ(gas): Density of the gas phase cp(liq): Specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the liquid phase cp(gas): Specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the gas phase Note that the normal boiling point of air, i.e., the temperature at which p(boil) reaches 1 standard atmosphere (1.01325 bar) is 78.7 K (–194.5°C).
The second table gives the density of air as a function of temperature and pressure. The horizontal lines indicate the boundary between the liquid region (above) and the gas region (below). At temperatures above 132.5 K, air is in the supercritical region where liquid and gas cannot be distinguished. The references give data on other thermodynamic properties and values at additional pressures and temperatures, as well as correlating equations.
References 1. Sytchev, V. V., Vasserman, A. A., Kozlov, A. D., Spiridonov, G. A., and Tsymarny, V. A., Thermodynamic Properties of Air, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, 1987. 2. Vargaftik, N.B., Vinogradov, Y. K., and Yargin, V. S., Handbook of Physical Properties of Liquids and Gases, Third Edition, Begell House, New York, 1996.
Thermodynamic Properties along the Boiling and Condensation Curves T K 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
p(boil) bar 0.3401 0.3910 0.4478 0.5110 0.5810 0.6583 0.7435 0.8371 0.9396 1.0515 1.1736 1.3063 1.4502 1.6060 1.7742 1.9554 2.1504 2.3597 2.5839 2.8238 3.0798 3.3528 3.6434 3.9521 4.2797 4.6269 4.9942 5.3823 5.7920 6.2238 6.6785
p(con) bar 0.1939 0.2292 0.2694 0.3150 0.3664 0.4242 0.4889 0.5610 0.6410 0.7295 0.8272 0.9345 1.0521 1.1806 1.3206 1.4727 1.6376 1.8160 2.0085 2.2157 2.4385 2.6773 2.9330 3.2063 3.4979 3.8084 4.1387 4.4896 4.8616 5.2558 5.6727
∆vapH J/g 200.5 200.8 201.0 200.9 200.8 200.5 200.1 199.7 199.1 198.5 197.8 197.0 196.2 195.3 194.3 193.4 192.3 191.3 190.0 188.9 187.6 186.3 185.0 183.5 182.0 180.5 179.0 177.4 175.7 173.9 172.2
ρ(liq) g/mL 0.91444 0.90996 0.90548 0.90099 0.89650 0.89201 0.88750 0.88297 0.87843 0.87386 0.86926 0.86464 0.85999 0.85530 0.85057 0.84580 0.84099 0.83614 0.83124 0.82629 0.82128 0.81622 0.81111 0.80593 0.80069 0.79538 0.79001 0.78456 0.77903 0.77343 0.76774
ρ(gas) g/L 0.980 1.144 1.325 1.533 1.761 2.017 2.300 2.611 2.953 3.325 3.735 4.179 4.665 5.191 5.758 6.370 7.029 7.736 8.495 9.313 10.19 11.12 12.11 13.17 14.31 15.51 16.79 18.15 19.59 21.12 22.74
cp(liq) J/g K
cp(gas) J/g K
1.881 1.907 1.933 1.957 1.981 2.004 2.027 2.050 2.073 2.096 2.119
1.261 1.268 1.277 1.286 1.295 1.306 1.317 1.329 1.342 1.357 1.373
6-1
Thermodynamic Properties of Air
6-2 T K 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 132.5
p(boil) bar 7.1567 7.6590 8.1861 8.7387 9.3174 9.9229 10.556 11.217 11.907 12.626 13.375 14.155 14.967 15.810 16.687 17.597 18.541 19.519 20.534 21.584 22.672 23.797 24.961 26.163 27.406 28.689 30.014 31.381 32.792 34.246 35.745 37.289 38.079
p(con) bar 6.1133 6.5783 7.0685 7.5849 8.1282 8.6993 9.2992 9.9286 10.589 11.280 12.004 12.761 13.552 14.379 15.242 16.142 17.081 18.059 19.078 20.138 21.241 22.388 23.579 24.817 26.102 27.435 28.817 30.250 31.735 33.272 34.864 36.511 37.356
∆vapH J/g 170.4 168.5 166.5 164.5 162.5 160.3 158.0 155.7 153.4 150.9 148.3 145.7 143.0 140.1 137.1 134.0 130.8 127.5 123.9 120.1 116.2 112.0 107.6 103.0 97.9 92.4 86.5 79.8 72.3 63.5 52.9 38.9 29.8
ρ(liq) g/mL 0.76196 0.75609 0.75012 0.74405 0.73786 0.73156 0.72513 0.71856 0.71185 0.70499 0.69796 0.69075 0.68335 0.67574 0.66789 0.65980 0.65143 0.64275 0.63372 0.62431 0.61446 0.60411 0.59317 0.58154 0.56909 0.55561 0.54085 0.52439 0.50558 0.48324 0.45493 0.41434 0.38555
ρ(gas) g/L 24.46 26.29 28.22 30.27 32.44 34.74 37.17 39.75 42.49 45.39 48.47 51.74 55.21 58.91 62.85 67.04 71.53 76.33 81.49 87.03 93.01 99.49 106.54 114.26 122.77 132.21 142.81 154.89 168.88 185.46 205.77 231.32 246.43
cp(liq) J/g K 2.142 2.166 2.191 2.217 2.244 2.273 2.303 2.336 2.370 2.408 2.448 2.492 2.541 2.595 2.654 2.721 2.796 2.882 2.980 3.094 3.227 3.386 3.579 2.817 4.119 4.514 5.053 5.831 7.048 9.201 13.901 29.272 50.758
cp(gas) J/g K 1.390 1.409 1.429 1.452 1.476 1.503 1.532 1.564 1.599 1.638 1.681 1.729 1.782 1.841 1.907 1.981 2.065 2.161 2.271 2.398 2.548 2.725 2.938 3.199 3.525 3.944 4.498 5.264 6.382 8.122 11.083 16.445 20.343
Density of Air in the Single-Phase Region in g/mL T/K 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700
1 0.9146 0.8692 0.003984 0.003556 0.003215 0.002937 0.002705 0.002507 0.002336 0.001745 0.001394 0.001161 0.000995 0.000871 0.000774 0.000696 0.000580 0.000497
5 0.9157 0.8703 0.8220 0.01964 0.01725 0.01548 0.01408 0.01294 0.01199 0.00881 0.00700 0.00581 0.00498 0.00435 0.00386 0.00348 0.00290 0.00248
Pressure in bar (1 bar = 0.1 MPa) 10 20 30 50 100 0.9170 0.9195 0.9218 0.9263 0.9363 0.8716 0.8743 0.8768 0.8816 0.8926 0.8237 0.8271 0.8304 0.8366 0.8504 0.7695 0.7745 0.7792 0.7878 0.8062 0.03874 0.7113 0.7190 0.7324 0.7585 0.03347 0.08596 0.6393 0.6651 0.7058 0.02982 0.06910 0.1355 0.5687 0.6454 0.02703 0.05984 0.1028 0.3183 0.5738 0.02480 0.05346 0.08765 0.1878 0.4878 0.01784 0.03654 0.05611 0.09789 0.2141 0.01406 0.02837 0.04290 0.07249 0.1480 0.01164 0.02334 0.03508 0.05859 0.1169 0.00995 0.01988 0.02979 0.04950 0.09779 0.00869 0.01734 0.02595 0.04300 0.08455 0.00772 0.01539 0.02300 0.03808 0.07470 0.00694 0.01384 0.02068 0.03420 0.06704 0.00578 0.01152 0.01722 0.02847 0.05580 0.00496 0.00988 0.01476 0.02441 0.04788
200 0.9528 0.9114 0.8735 0.8352 0.7958 0.7549 0.7124 0.6682 0.6224 0.4075 0.2869 0.2249 0.1873 0.1617 0.1428 0.1282 0.1070 0.09208
500
1000
0.9266 0.8969 0.8670 0.8374 0.8086 0.7804 0.7529 0.6248 0.5202 0.4412 0.3825 0.3381 0.3036 0.2760 0.2345 0.2045
0.9479 0.9201 0.8950 0.8720 0.8506 0.7582 0.6788 0.6114 0.5555 0.5091 0.4700 0.4367 0.3830 0.3416
Thermodynamic Properties of Air T/K 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
1 0.000435 0.000387 0.000348 0.000317 0.000290 0.000268 0.000249 0.000232
5 0.00217 0.00193 0.00174 0.00158 0.00145 0.00134 0.00124 0.00116
6-3 Pressure in bar (1 bar = 0.1 MPa) 10 20 30 50 100 0.00434 0.00865 0.01292 0.02138 0.04198 0.00386 0.00769 0.01149 0.01902 0.03740 0.00347 0.00692 0.01035 0.01714 0.03373 0.00316 0.00630 0.00941 0.01560 0.03073 0.00289 0.00577 0.00863 0.01431 0.02822 0.00267 0.00533 0.00797 0.01322 0.02609 0.00248 0.00495 0.00741 0.01228 0.02426 0.00232 0.00462 0.00692 0.01147 0.02268
200 0.08096 0.07231 0.06537 0.05967 0.05490 0.05084 0.04735 0.04431
500 0.1817 0.1637 0.1491 0.1370 0.1267 0.1179 0.1103 0.1036
1000 0.3087 0.2818 0.2595 0.2406 0.2244 0.2103 0.1980 0.1870
PROPERTIES OF WATER IN THE RANGE 0–100 °C This table summarizes the best available values of the density, specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp), vapor pressure, viscosity, thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, and surface tension for liquid water in the range 0 – 100 °C. All values (except vapor pressure) refer to a pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar). The temperature scale is IPTS-68.
References 1. L. Harr, J. S. Gallagher, and G. S. Kell, NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984.
t °C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ref.
Density g/cm3 0.99984 0.99970 0.99821 0.99565 0.99222 0.98803 0.98320 0.97778 0.97182 0.96535 0.95840 1−3
Cp J/g K 4.2176 4.1921 4.1818 4.1784 4.1785 4.1806 4.1843 4.1895 4.1963 4.2050 4.2159 2
Vap. pres. kPa 0.6113 1.2281 2.3388 4.2455 7.3814 12.344 19.932 31.176 47.373 70.117 101.325 1, 3
2. K. N. Marsh, Ed., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1987. 3. J. V. Sengers and J. T. R. Watson, Improved international formulations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of water substance, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 15, 1291, 1986. 4. D. G. Archer and P. Wang, The dielectric constant of water and DebyeHückel limiting law slopes, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 19, 371, 1990. 5. N. B. Vargaftik, et al., International tables of the surface tension of water, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 12, 817, 1983.
Ther. cond. mW/K m 561.0 580.0 598.4 615.4 630.5 643.5 654.3 663.1 670.0 675.3 679.1 3
Visc. µPa s 1793 1307 1002 797.7 653.2 547.0 466.5 404.0 354.4 314.5 281.8 3
Diel. const. 87.90 83.96 80.20 76.60 73.17 69.88 66.73 63.73 60.86 58.12 55.51 4
Surf. ten. mN/m 75.64 74.23 72.75 71.20 69.60 67.94 66.24 64.47 62.67 60.82 58.91 5
ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION OF WATER The enthalpy (heat) of vaporization of water is tabulated as a function of temperature on the IPTS-68 scale.
t °C 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
∆vapH kJ/mol 45.054 43.990 43.350 42.482 41.585 40.657 39.684 38.643 37.518 36.304
Reference Marsh, K. N., Ed., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell, Oxford, 1987. t °C 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 374
∆vapH kJ/mol 34.962 33.468 31.809 29.930 27.795 25.300 22.297 18.502 12.966 2.066
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ENTHALPY OF VAPORIZATION OF WATER The enthalpy (heat) of vaporization of water is tabulated as a function of temperature on the IPTS-68 scale.
t °C 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
∆vapH kJ/mol 45.054 43.990 43.350 42.482 41.585 40.657 39.684 38.643 37.518 36.304
Reference Marsh, K. N., Ed., Recommended Reference Materials for the Realization of Physicochemical Properties, Blackwell, Oxford, 1987. t °C 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 374
∆vapH kJ/mol 34.962 33.468 31.809 29.930 27.795 25.300 22.297 18.502 12.966 2.066
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FIXED POINT PROPERTIES OF H2O AND D2O Temperatures are given on the IPTS-68 scale.
3. Kestin, J. et. al., Thermophysical properties of fluid D2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 601, 1984. 4. Kestin, J. et. al., Thermophysical properties of fluid H2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 13, 175, 1984. 5. Hill, P. G., MacMillan, R. D. C., and Lee, V., A fundamental equation of state for heavy water, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 11, 1, 1982.
References 1. Haar, L., Gallagher, J. S., and Kell, G. S., NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1984. 2. Levelt Sengers, J. M. H., Straub, J., Watanabe, K., and Hill, P. G., Assessment of critical parameter values for H2O and D2O, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 14, 193, 1985.
H2O
Unit Molar mass Melting point(101.325 kPa) Boiling point(101.325 kPa) Triple point temperature Triple point pressure Triple point density(l) Triple point density(g) Critical temperature Critical pressure Critical density Critical specific volume Maximum density(saturated liquid) Temperature of maximum density
g/mol °C °C °C Pa g/cm3 mg/L °C MPa g/cm3 cm3/g g/cm3 °C
18.01528 0.00 100.00 0.01 611.73 0.99978 4.885 373.99 22.064 0.322 3.11 0.99995 4.0
D2O
20.02748 3.82 101.42 3.82 661 1.1055 5.75 370.74 21.671 0.356 2.81 1.1053 11.2
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SATURATED H2O AND D2O This table gives the thermal conductivity λ for water (H2O or D2O) in equilibrium with its vapor. Values for the liquid (λl) and vapor (λv) are listed, as well as the vapor pressure.
t/°C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 250 300 350
P/kPa 0.6 1.2 2.3 4.2 7.4 12.3 19.9 31.2 47.4 70.1 101.3 476 1555 3978 8593 16530
H2O λ l / (mW/K m) 561.0 580.0 598.4 615.4 630.5 643.5 654.3 663.1 670.0 675.3 679.1 682.1 663.4 621.4 547.7 447.6
λ v / (mW/K m) 16.49 17.21 17.95 18.70 19.48 20.28 21.10 21.96 22.86 23.80 24.79 30.77 39.10 51.18 71.78 134.59
References 1. Sengers, J.V. and Watson, J.T.R., Improved international formulations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of water substance, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 15, 1291, 1986. 2. Matsunaga, N. and Nagashima, A., Transport properties of liquid and gaseous D2O over a wide range of temperature and pressure, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 12, 933, 1983.
P/kPa 1.0 2.0 3.7 6.5 11.1 18.2 28.8 44.2 66.1 96.2 465 1546 3995 8688 16820
D2O λ l / (mW/K m) 575 589 600 610 618 625 629 633 635 636 625 592 541 473 391
λ v / (mW/K m) 17.0 17.8 18.5 19.3 20.2 21.0 21.9 22.8 23.8 24.8 30.8 39.0 52.0 75.2 143.0
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