research report(journal) on a readings for thesis development project

Cultural Identity And Globalisation Mansi Dixit I MA Architecture I University Of Westminster

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introduction research Report

Reflections On My Presentation

P1-2

P 6 - 10

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Reflections On Other Presentation P 14 - 28

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A Psychogeographical Walk

Conclusion

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P 37 - 38

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References P 41 - 42

C H A P T E R: 1 INTRODUCTION

In this journal I am going to reflect on the readings I have gone through, observed and attempting to ponder it on my process of the thesis development.

C H A P T E R 1

This journal is divided into the three sections; In the initial segment I would examine about the procedure and phases of this module and what we as a class has done as such far.

In the following part I am going to discuss the readings and books I have done, concentrating on one section of each book and going to reflect about it.

By doing that I am interfacing it to my own musings for that part and afterward concentrating on the thesis development project.

So, the aim is to summarise these books and to unfold the concepts of the reading texts. Also. My voice will critically reflect upon it in while concluding the journal.

Last part would be about the conclusion of the book and how I have pursued these readings Also, I am going to conclude the readings on the basis of my experience while reading and my understanding. Lastly, how it would help me in the later part of the studies in the reference of my city Ahmedabad, India.

I took the references of the places in London which all have lost the identity and I compared it to Ahmedabad city, where I belong.

For the design portion I have created a map of the Piccadilly circus to Leicester square, where i was really fascinated by the vibrancy of that place. The place has the sounds of people, cheering up the street performers.

I felt a different kind of aura at that space. And I was fascinated by this atmosphere of full of energy and life.

The accompanying report clarifies the journey of this module and what process we took peruse the content and express it through the representation of each book.

journal : Theories of identity, space, culture and Globalisation

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Research Report

C H A P T E R 1

We began this module with a short excursion to Hackney Wick which is a suburb in the London borough of hackney and tower hamlets in East London, England.

The visit was guided by a situationist for around two hours.

After the investigation of hackney wick, we returned to the class and became more acquainted with about the following session.

During the visit of the area I got to know about the history, about the people and how they live in boats on the lake, and discussed the quality of architecture.

Afterwards, we also had an independently directed visit to Southbank and London’s riverside, where we investigated the territory with the thought of; 1. third space 2. placemaking, and 3. the place which is changing its identity; by taking pictures and videos, and presented it in the class at the very same day and had a great discussion about the particular subject.

In this way, subsequent to investigating these zones we became more acquainted with about the social character of that territory and how it changes with the time passes. Also, how the globalization and culture has a great impact of the identity of a particular part of the city/country or a territory.

Later on, we were isolated into small groups and given four readings: 1. The situationist city: simon sadler 2. Third space: edward w. Soja 3. London city of disappearances: iain sinclair 4. The social (re)production of architecture: gender and space; power of agency Where everyone was supposed to give the presentation on whichever reading they had chosen. Here I chose the subject; London city of disappearances: Iain Sinclair and began to peruse the book.

At first, we as a group, we thought that it was minimal hard to comprehend and we couldn’t choose that on which part of the book we should focus, yet we continue perusing and making notes.

We sat down to talk with the writer on a similar subject and he furnished us fulfilling responses to our questions, which was exceptionally useful for me to comprehend the book.

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C H A P T E R: 2 REFLECTIONS ON MY CHOSEN SUBJECT

LONDON: THE CITY OF DISAPPEARANCES BY : IAIN SINCLAIR

C H A P T E R 2

“Write about disappearance.

And London…” was the brief Sinclair gave to his writers.

-IAIN SINCLAIR

LONDON : CITY OF DISAPPEARANCES ANTHOLOGY “It is about the things that has disappeared, were disappearing or would disappear within the confines of London.”

-Alan Moore

Introduction It is a book full of richness, unexpected enticements, short sharp shocks, and - hidden in the snickets and alleys of its 12 labyrinthine chapters some breath-taking writing.

Sinclair's theme of disappearance has inspired vivid contributions from a broad school of authors, notably Anthony Rudolf, Sarah Wise, Alan Wall, Marina Warner and Will Self. So, I can say that it’s a multivocal book.

Moreover, this book is describing itself.

Sinclair wrote the book with the intention of delivering a psychogeography map of his own experiences.

The book is consulted to be an anthology or a map of experiences without a literal map. so, for me this book was about the disappearances of places, people and their lost cultural identity and the architecture.

I was exceptionally intrigued by the territory which clarifies about the lost individuals who assume significant job in creation of a spot live.

Which I contrasted with the circumstance of my nation of origin and took a portion of the models which were associated with the models given in the book.

The author put the focus of the ignored areas and places those do not have the history.

Sinclair’s organisation of material is adept, with adjacent fragments, essays and transcripts playing off and enriching one another: the protagonist of one memoir becomes the author of the next; a scene described in the 19th century is re-encountered in the 20th.

Sinclair has written about many Londons, from the river to the Green Belt, from penthouse to slum, but the city is so full of literary footsteps that - for better and worse and generally both - he is often walking instead of others.

All in all, you cannot explain this book in a few words, it all comes back to the reader, as an individual, you can interpret your own way.

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C H A P T E R 2

Analysis So, what was challenging; to understand the concept driving the composing this sort of a book.

The subsequent stage was to finding our fascinating theme and interpret it in our own specific manner, yet before that we have to comprehend the motivation behind this book.

For that we as a gathering made some poll about the theme and got in contact with the writer, and he gave us extremely fulfilling clarifications, which we utilized for our exploration to comprehend the book without anyone else’s input and by interfacing it to our nations of origin. Which defined the idea of disappearing in an easy way.

We took examples of the places, people and lost cultures from london and compared it to the Indian, Chinese and Lebanese lost identities and cultures.

The section I decided to peruse from the book was the piece of the old London; which portrays the parts or highlights which are vanished or lost by time and I have associated it with the lost cultural memory in India.

Along these lines, in the accompanying part I will reflect and look at both the cultural life of India and London, which is disappearing.

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Parts or features which have been disappeared as described in old London

C H A P T E R 2

1. Symbols:

of shops/warehouses/commercial establishment was marked by its particular sign.

Trades carried on in the houses Green dragons Golden elephants Blue bears Red lions Yellow dolphins

Sometimes merely used as distinctive characteristics of various commercial establishments.

Luxury introduced

Bears Lions Dogs Crowns Bee hives Wheat sheaves

Time passes

2. London’s Lost Yiddish Theatre A century ago, London’s East End was famous for its Yiddish theatre scene, though that legacy is largely forgotten today.

There was an explosion of Yiddish theatre with plays ranging from provocative and political new writing, to folkloric tales about man’s relationship with God, and also Yiddish translations of classics including Shakespeare.

Indian theatre and drama India has a long, rich and illustrious history of folk theatre.

In ancient times, Sanskrit dramas were staged at seasonal festivals or to celebrate special events.

Between the 15th and the 19th centuries, actors and dancers were given special places of distinction in the courts of several Indian kings.

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C H A P T E R 2

In the present day picture we can see that there are more skyscrapers and modern buildings which has changed the skyline of London city.

Only the river and bridges have remained the same .

Furthermore, the new buildings creating a new identity of the place and the area.

Therefore, sometimes identity of the place can be changed physically, by the new structures or buildings not only by culturally or socially.

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C H A P T E R 2

Outcomes or Action After collecting all the data and by going through it thoroughly, I came to this conclusion that reviving the past means conserving our identity.

Moving towards change means creating a new identity that needs time to shape character and personality.

Also, comprehended that the globalization is occurring all around the globe its not restricted distinctly in one nation.

And come up with these two questions: 1. Are we up for any change?

2. Or do we hold on to our identity?

Are we up for any change? Or do we hold on to our identity?

There is a wildness and weirdness about the shot narratives Collected here, as if they had all contracted the contagion of London’s darkness. The authors seem haunted by the city.

Peter Ackroyd, the times Overall, this book has many short stories from different authors and all the stories have different characters who get disappeared and then they reappeared. So, the authors try to portray that the person never gets disappear they are always there and reappear in a different way. But it seems like the authors get haunted by the city with this concept of reappearing and disappearing.

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C H A P T E R: 3 REFLECTIONS

ON

OTHER SUBJECTS 1. THIRD SPACE 2. THE SITUATIONISTS CITY 3. SOCIAL (RE)PRODUCTION OF ARCHITECTURE 4. GENDER AND SPACE

THIRD SPACE BY : EDWARD W. SOJA

C H A P T E R 3

"I define Thirdspace as an-Other way of understanding and acting to change the spatiality of human life, a distinct mode of critical spatial awareness that is appropriate to the new scope and significance being brought about in the rebalanced trialectics of spatiality-historicality-sociality."

-Edward W. Soja

Reflation On Third Space Soja developed a theory of Thirdspace in which; "everything comes together... subjectivity and objectivity, the abstract and the concrete, the real and the imagined, the knowable and the unimaginable, the repetitive and the differential, structure and agency, mind and body, consciousness and the unconscious, the disciplined and the transdisciplinary, everyday life and unending history."

Thirdspace is a transcendent concept that is constantly expanding to include "anOther," thus enabling the contestation and re-negotiation of boundaries and cultural identity.

WHAT IS A THIRD SPACE? Thirdspace is a concept developed by the American Geographer Edward Soja in his book Thirdspace, journeys to Los Angelos and other Real and Imagined places.

Thirdspace is radically different way of looking at, interpreting and acting to change the embracing spatiality of human life (Soja, 1996, p.29). It is the third aspect in a new way of thinking about space and spatiality.

Thirdspace is based on the work of a number of social scientist, most notably Henri Lefebvre.

Lefebvre introduces thirdspace in slightly different form and under a different name: ‘Spaces of representation and can also be seen as ‘lived space’.

It is not the name however that matters, it is the idea.

Thirdspace is the space we give meaning to. A rapidly, continually changing space in which we live. It is the experience of living.

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C H A P T E R 3

CONCEPT OF FIRST AND SECOND SPACE AND THE THIRD SPACE Thirdspace can only be understood through First and Second space.

First space is a space seen from the top of a skyscraper. It is the mapping and compartmentalization of a space. It gives a wide, rational perspective.

Secondspace is the conceptualization of Firstspace. We represent the space we live in by art, advertisements or any other medium.

Thirdspace however is not just distinct from First and Secondspace. It also encompasses the other two. It is the space in which all spaces come together because if we map our environment we use Firstspace and if we sing along with our national anthem we conceptualize space but we should never forget that while doing so we are living in Thirdspace.

Third space is the intersection and even combination of perceived and designed space. The intersection and combination is lived and experienced space

Third space can be anything, it could be private, it could be public or it could be both, or it could be a place in our mind which really does not even exist in the real world.

This space could include our emotions, feelings. It is a space where the activity of the people keeps the place alive and making it the third space for someone.

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C H A P T E R 3

The following poster of a self-made collage which I am going to use to represent the third space.

A public space can be used as an example of third space. Here if I would have to define the first space then it would be the building itself. Sometimes the beauty of the building attracts the people but this place is called the Bhardra fort which is in my city Ahmedabad, having the historical ambience and the cultural values. In this case these qualities of the place attract the locals more than the tourists as at the front gate of the fort there is an informal market which makes this place looks alive.

So now the second space will describe it as a place for shopping and informal gatherings.

The third space sees the building as a combination of the informal market place. A place where people meet, socialize or do their shopping. So, it’s the social that plays an important role and is way more relevant than the building itself and is ongoing.

Therefore, it’s an ongoing place where things will continue to happen and is everchanging.

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THE SITUATIONIST CITY BY : SIMON SADLER

C H A P T E R 3

“The situationist maps described an urban navigational system” -Simon Sadler The Situationist City book written by Simon Sadler in 1998 and published in 1999 was a research about the ideas, work of arts and masterpieces that was left behind by the Situationist International.

Simon Sadler searches for the Situationist City among the detritus of tracts, manifestos, and works of art that the SI left behind.

The Situationist international is the revolutionary alliance of European avantgarde artists, writers and poets formed at a conference in Italy in 1957.

It was founded by Guy Debord, Asger Jorn Piero Simondo and made up of avant-garde artists, intellectuals, and political theorists, prominent in Europe from its formation in 1957 to its dissolution in 1972.

The preliminary idea for many of their members, as many avant-gardes tried to, was to make creativity appear again in the social sphere.

The key concepts of this book are; psychogeography, drifting and mapping.

Psychogeography is the study of the specific effects of the geographical environment (whether consciously organized or not) on the emotions and behavior of individuals. I will be focusing more into the psychogeography in the following part.

Guy Debord defined the term Psychogeography as; “the study of the specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behaviour of individuals.”

To me it’s a very innovative method of exploring the cities. It was aimed to help the pedestrians to find their way and to experience the city in their own way. So basically, everyone’s journey is different from the other person.

Debord’s most remarkable concept within psychogeography was his notion of the dérive (the drift). The dérive was an unplanned walk through the urban landscape, which was navigated by the individual’s emotional reaction to the surrounding cityscape.

It was a method of wandering, in which the subject’s trajectory was determined by the city’s psychogeographical mapping. journal : Theories of identity, space, culture and Globalisation

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C H A P T E R 3

The key concepts of this book are; psychogeography, drifting and mapping.

Psychogeography is the study of the specific effects of the geographical environment (whether consciously organized or not) on the emotions and behavior of individuals. I will be focusing more into the psychogeography in the following part.

Guy Debord defined the term Psychogeography as “the study of the specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behaviour of individuals.”

To me it’s a very innovative method of exploring the cities. It was aimed to help the pedestrians to find their way and to experience the city in their own way. So basically, everyone’s journey is different from the other person.

Debord’s most remarkable concept within psychogeography was his notion of the dérive (the drift).

The dérive was an unplanned walk through the urban landscape, which was navigated by the individual’s emotional reaction to the surrounding cityscape.

It was a method of wandering, in which the subject’s trajectory was determined by the city’s psychogeographical mapping.

The book is simply divided into three parts.

The first, “The Naked City,” outlines the Situationist critique of the urban environment as it then existed.

The situationists also used the maps to unfold the journey of the unexperienced movements around the city and the urban landscape.

One of the examples of it is the map which was created by the guy Debord himself. The map was basically a map of Paris which was divided into some random 19 pieces and then users of the map connected it into their own perspectives through the series of arrows which link the city’s parts together and the author derived the concept of the naked city. That’s how it opens up the new opportunity to uncover the places which are never discovered and explored.

That is the concept of a psychogeography map which enticed many people to explore the city in a new perspective.

PSYCHOGEOGRAPHY: “the art of drifting in the city without feeling lost”

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C H A P T E R 3

In the following figure I have used this blur building by Diller+Scofidio for instance of the naked city by the psychogeography map, where the visitor of the building chooses their pathways and create their very own journey.

Here, I have utilized the similar concept of the map of paris by Debord.

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C H A P T E R 3

Another aspect of the situationist practices is the dérive, a technique of moving through different ambiences.

Psychogeographers advocate the demonstration of getting lost in the city.

This is done through the dérive, or “drift”.

Dérive involves the behavior, sentiments of our psyches and that’s how quite different from the taking the journey normally.

In a dérive one or more persons during a certain period drop their relations, their work and leisure activities, and all their other usual motives for movement and action, and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters they find there.

Following figure shows the journey of different persons from one point to another point.

But as I can capture the image, I can figure it out that the people have taken different routes to reach their destinations thus they are exploring different ways and having unusual sentiments through each of the journey they take.

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C H A P T E R 3

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THE SOCIAL REPRODUCTION OF ARCHITECTURE BY: DOINA PETRESCU , KIM TROGAL

C H A P T E R 3

who has the right to make space, and explore the kinds of relations that are produced in the process?

The Social (Re)Production of Architecture brings the debates of the ‘right to the city’ into today’s context of ecological, economic and social crises.

This book reveals fascinating subject about the rights to the place, and how the social, political and economic issues influences on the rights for the local.

The inquiry ascend here is that would we be able to let the political and economic aspects let determine the ability of us, the local people and let them choose the movement or development in the space or the city.

Building on the 1970s’ discussions about the ‘production of space’, which French sociologist Henri Lefebvre considered a civic right, the authors question who has the right to make space, and explore the kinds of relations that are produced in the process.

In the emerging post-capitalist era, this book addresses urgent social and ecological imperatives for change and opens up questions around architecture’s engagement with new forms of organization and practice.

The book asks what (new) kinds of ‘social’ can architecture (re)produce, and what kinds of politics, values and actions are needed.

So, for me here the word re-production means then re-vision, re-evolution or re-view.

The book features 24 interdisciplinary essays written by leading theorists and practitioners including social thinkers, economic theorists, architects, educators, urban curators, feminists, artists and activists from different generations and global contexts.

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C H A P T E R 3

According to me the book has 3 main divisions: First angle is the political; where in my understanding this edge opens the issues with respect to the governmental issues and they remove the rights to the space or city from the individuals living there.

Second point would be the social or cultural values, like how these values play an important role in making of any space or the city/town. As people are very attached to their cultural and social values emotionally. So, in a way they create the space according to their values or may be how the space has been evolved socially.

The third one would be the actions of people; how they occupy the space. Moreover, what is the impact of the movements of an individual in the making of the place The essays discuss the diverse, global locations with work taking different and specific forms in these different contexts.

A cutting-edge, critical text which rethinks both practice and theory in the light of recent crises, making it key reading for students, academics and practitioners.

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GENDER, SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE BY : JANE RENDLL,BARBARA PANNER AND IAIN BORDEN

C H A P T E R

Space is a production ..

condition

of

social

3

the work of geographers and Anthropologists, Edward Soja is the critical importance in positing that space is socially produced, but that space is also a condition of social production. space is socially and culturally produced and gender relations are socially, culturally and spatially constructed.

Gendered space is produced through intentional acts of architectural design according to the sex of the architect ?

Produced through the interpretative lens of architectural criticism, history and theory ?

Gendering of space from another perspective.. Gendered spaces ?

Architecture is a subject which demands to be understood in context: that is, within the context of its production (society, economics, politics, culture) and the context of its consumption, representation and interpretation (different academic disciplines, interest groups, institutions, users).

So, if we see in today’s time the architecture has been changing rapidly in the form of history, strategically and socially which has its significant effect on woman’s rights in the association with the sexual orientation which ought not be dealt with disconnected rather it should be contextualisation.

From the most recent five years a significant change has been happened in the subject of gender, space and architecture. Also, it has become the main topic for the current discussions, in the relation with the history which enables the understanding to be gained of the basis and development of theses contemporary ideas. This book intends to do that. as well as being gendered through physical occupation (the different inhabitation of space by men or women) space is also produced as gendered through representation..

Descriptions of gendered space make use of words and images which have cultural associations with particular genders to invoke comparisons to the biological body (for example, soft, curvaceous interiors are connected with women and phallic towers with men).

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C H A P T E R

+

3

The aim of this book is to introduce to the issues of gender as they are applicable to the architectural studies.

It unravels the concepts of a space that how a space or the architecture can be changes according to the gender and feminism.

The group characterized the gender and sex differences relating to the space and architecture which have changed by passing the time with culturally and historically.

The core debates on women and gender in art and architectural history are introduced.

In-depth analyses of selected works of art and architecture from various historical contexts highlight issues including gendered practices of space, vision and power, masculinity, and cyberspace.

Also, the questions were on the femininity based on a series of simplistic binary oppositions such as home/work, production/ consumption, private/ public and inside/outside (where one side of the equation was always privileged at the expense of the other).

This is the first such book to include a range of key texts from both within and outside of architecture published over the last 20 years, and also which provides the pure outline for the investigation of the subject. Additionally, it gives the clear idea of the difference between past and present as well as it provides the new doors to the future new ideas and practices.

This book provides the information for all set of readers with the different ideas; people from architectural practices with the interest in gender, from the gender studies with an interest in space and architecture, and from within spatialised disciplines, such as geography and anthropology, with an interest in gender and in architecture.

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C H A P T E R 3

Also, the questions were on the femininity based on a series of simplistic binary oppositions such as home/work, production/ consumption, private/ public and inside/outside (where one side of the equation was always privileged at the expense of the other).

The most pervasive representation of gendered space is the paradigm of the separate spheres’: an oppositional and an hierarchical system consisting of a dominant public male realm of production (the city) and a subordinate private female one of reproduction (the home).

But, as an ideology, it does not describe the full range of lived experience of all urban life. This is problematic for feminists because assumptions regarding sex, gender and space contained within this binary hierarchy are continually reproduced.

Also, the questions were on the femininity based on a series of simplistic binary oppositions such as home/work, production/consumption, private/ public and inside/outside (where one side of the equation was always privileged at the expense of the other).

The most pervasive representation of gendered space is the paradigm of the separate spheres’: an oppositional and an hierarchical system consisting of a dominant public male realm of production (the city) and a subordinate private female one of reproduction (the home).

But, as an ideology, it does not describe the full range of lived experience of all urban life.

This is problematic for feminists because assumptions regarding sex, gender and space contained within this binary hierarchy are continually reproduced.

journal : Theories of identity, space, culture and Globalisation

male

city

Public Production

home

female

Private Reproduction

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C H A P T E R: 4 DESIGN PORTION A PSYCHOGEOGRAPHICAL WALK For this map, I took the inspiration from Debord and decided to take a walk on the streets and created the pathway according to the place which I found the most interesting ones. Then I tried to describe my feeling and emotions through this map by using the notations, when I was there and also narrated those recordings on Google maps.

C H A P T E R 4

firstly, I started my journey from the underground tube station and then kept on continue over ground as well.

Following are the diverse sound chronicles which I took in one moment and afterward attempted to depict it and think about them.

Initial three sounds are from the over ground with the unsettling influence of the group around the entertainer.

While the last portrayed sound is from the underground.

I have seen this contrast among them that in underground there is no unsettling influence and no group watching and getting a charge out of, thus, the audio effect is clear with no interferences. while in the event that we go over ground there are numerous individuals assembled around the entertainer, so there will be consistently interruption from individuals.

The following link is about the different audio recordings taken by myself while walking which has been uploaded on the Google maps. https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/ viewer?mid=12ciw8PfU_SJgCNRdwFgg1WSpfvNYfw_o&l l=51.50990784994704%2C-0.13577793628155632&z=18 Quick guidance on how to check it: Just click on the link and a window of google maps would be open then click on different points to listen the recording of that spot.

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C H A P T E R 4

sound of a guitar and singing, with the background voices of audience.

sound of a football player and his music with the background voices of audience.

sound of a street dancer and his music with the background voices of audience.

sound of a music player and his voice with the background voices of audience.

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C H A P T E R 4

This map is depicting my state of emotions at that place also the sound frequency at that time.

Here I had many questions out of eagerness furthermore, my wondering state out of curiosity.

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C H A P T E R

I portray it by writing my statements and thoughts during the entire walk.

So how these three various entertainers could influence me rationally, as I completely delighted in every one of them three.

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C H A P T E R: 5 CONCLUSION

C H A P T E R 5

By visiting places in London, I found that each and every place is different having the different scenarios.

These places allowed me to explore the beauty which lies in the other part of the London which you are not able to see but it is there and it differs from people to people.

Afterall, people living here is the beauty of the place and they complete the city or the space. The identity of the place is dependent on the community or the local people living in that area.

These readings acknowledged me that if the place has an identity because of the people, artists, writers and they were making the place alive.

So, I would say that without the people the place would be incomplete. And it would be the naked without its skin which is people and without them it would be naked and dead.

After reading these books I have learnt that the architecture has a beautiful connection with the culture, political issues, social production which is driven by the mapping, drifting and the movements.

Movement of the people creates their journey and their experience, by someone’s own feeling or with the memories.

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C H A P T E R 5

Debord’s map inspired me to take a journey which is based on the psychogeography and derive.

I began my journey from Piccadilly circus.

The explanation of taking this journey was the vibrancy of the place.

People and the various activities have constantly intrigued me towards the place As per me individuals making that spot progressively lively. Along these lines, I decided to begin my map from Piccadilly circus which ends at Leicester square.

I captured that the place’s identity is only because of the visitors and the entertainers keep engaging the visitors in their performances, this is the means by which everybody appreciates at that place.

This mapping has led me toward my thesis development project very successfully.

The pychogeographical map intrigued me more into the research of my very own city Ahmedabad.

This exercise made me thinking about my very own city, Ahmedabad’s dynamic places.

Thus, after doing the research in the same I came to this point that in Ahmedabad, there are few places, the significant ones are; Bhardra and law-garden

These places have immense social/ cultural and historical value which additionally having the informal market areas. But now the government has removed these markets, which were the identity of those places and by removing it, the area is losing its identity.

Getting the inspiration from the reading; the social re-production of architecture, the question raised in my mind was that, who has the right to that place or the city: the government or the locals who make the place all alive?

To put it in a nutshell, the reading and the mapping for me proved the most helpful exercises as I could make my mind clear for my future projects and which is the significantly important is that after completing this I understood that, how a place could make or lose the identity of the place and its position in the city but only by the users.

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C H A P T E R: 6 REFERENCES

REFERENCES

C H A P T E R 6

WEBSITES FOR IMAGES AND QUOTATIONS • •

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• https://www.google.com/search?q=london+city+of+disappearances&safe=strict&rlz=1C1CHBD_enIN829IN829&sxsrf=ACYBGNSuz9GJR8B6VYmGakP3glacFgnipg:1573154437975&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwju88776NjlAhXHN8AKHauRBGgQ_AUIEigB&biw=1920&bih=842#imgrc=OVA5wgAOD4EOHM: • https://www.routledge.com/The-Social-ReProduction-of-Architecture-Politics-Values-and-Actions/Petrescu-Trogal/p/book/9781138859494

journal : Theories of identity, space, culture and Globalisation

41

REFERENCES

C H A P T E R 6

BOOKS THIRD SPACE BY : EDWARD W. SOJA

GENDER, SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE BY : JANE RENDLL,BARBARA PANNER AND IAIN BORDEN

THE SOCIAL REPRODUCTION OF ARCHITECTURE BY: DOINA PETRESCU , KIM TROGAL

THE SITUATIONIST CITY BY : SIMON SADLER

LONDON: THE CITY OF DISAPPEARANCES BY : IAIN SINCLAIR

journal : Theories of identity, space, culture and Globalisation

42

Cultural Identity And Globalisation Mansi Dixit I MA Architecture I University Of Westminster