SANKHA KSHETRA, PURI

Amity school of planning and architecture A contextual case study on puri ,grand road, odisha Submitted by – Manisha Sabat ENRL NO. – A1904018106

INTRODUCTION

I N T R O D U C T I O N

A coastal city on the Bay of Bengal, in Odisha, the city of Puri requires no introduction.

Forming a tip of the popular „Golden Triangle‟ followed by tourists in the East of the country along with Konark and Bhubaneswar, the city is a masterful medley of long stretches of beaches pulsating with life and a legacy of extraordinary architectural heritage, replete with a strong undercurrent of religious fevour stemming from Jagannatha culture.

Puri is a prominent centre of pilgrimage that is simultaneously endowed with the natural blessings of azure seas and lush forests in the vicinity. The city‟s life, be it social, economic or cultural, all revolve around the seat of Vishnu at the Jagannath temple – a lofty, 1,000 year old stone structure built according to the Pancharatha tradition following the Kalinga style of architecture – sitting at the very heart of the city and leading to the city often being referred to as Jagannatha Puri or Purusottama Puri.

Lingaraj Temple, Bhubneshwar

Jagannath temple, Puri

The golden triangle of Odisha

SANKHA KshETRA

Sun temple, Konark

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

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GEOGRAPHY

G E O G R A P H Y C A L S E T T I N G S

• • • • •

Location– PURI State – ODISHA Country – INDIA Latitudes -19°28'N to 26°35'N Longitudes - 84°29'E to 86°25'E

Puri, located on the east coast of India on the Bay of Bengal, is in the centre of the Puri district. It is delimited by the Bay of Bengal on the south, Konark in the west, Bhubneshwar in the north and chilika lake in the east. It is within the 67 kilometres (42 mi) coastal stretch of sandy beaches that extends between Chilika Lake and the east of Puri city.

ACCESSIBILITY The city of Puri is situated midway on a 67 kilometre long stretch of sandy beach along the Bay of Bengal, in the East coast of the country that extends between Chilika and Konark. Geographically, it is bound by the sea to the South, Musa River to the North, Mangla River to the West and the Balukhanda Reserved Forest to the East. The city itself stands on an unconsolidated bed of alluvial formations.

INDIA

•

NEAREST AIRPORT – BIJUPATNIK AIRPORT, BBSR - 60KM ( 1HR 30MIN)

ODISHA

•

NH-316 CONNECTING PURI TO BHUBANESWAR

•

PURI

•

PURI BUS STAND 2KM

PURI RAILWAY STATION

BAY OF BENGAL

SANKHA KSHETRA

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

02

climate

Water Bodies

Lying South of the Tropic of Cancer, Puri experiences a moderate tropical maritime climate where the maximum temperature reaches 36 ͦ C and the minimum remains above 15 ͦC. Being a coastal town, the pleasant weather of Puri is influenced largely by the sea, through the production of land and sea breezes.

Summers

In puri the land was drained by a tributary of the Bhargavi River, a branch of the Mahanadi River. This branch underwent a meandering course creating many arteries altering the estuary, and formed many sand hills. These sand hills could be cut through by the streams. Because of the sand hills, the Bhargavi River, flowing to the south of Puri, moved away towards the Chilika Lake. This shift also resulted in the creation of two lagoons, known as Sar and Samang, on the eastern and northern parts of Puri respectively. Sar lagoon has a length of 5 miles (8.0 km) in an east–west direction and a width of 2 miles (3.2 km) in north–southdirection.

DURATION - MARCH TO JUNE

Temperature :- 36 ͦC -27 ͦC

C L I M A T E

Precipitation :-65 mm Humidity :-40 % - 50% • Days are hot and windy.

• Sudden rainfalls which rises the humidity.

Monsoons DURATION – JULY TO SEPTEMBER ( SOUTH WEST MONSOON)

Temperature :- 30 - 27° C Precipitation :- 50mm – 227mm Humidity :-70% ( extreamly humid) •

Continuous amount of rainfall in Puri, causes often flooding rivers and even smaller, local water bodies.

• The sea becomes turbulent during monsoon Winter DURATION - OCTOBER to FEBRUARY

Temperature :-17° C- 28° C Precipitation :-23mm Humidity :-30%

WIND The wind velocity is moderate throughout the year and it becomes stronger during the south west monsoon.

The coastal area is prone to cyclones, these cyclonic storms originate in the Bay of Bengal and crosses the east coast between Paradeep and Chandbali and makes a North-westward journey. A maximum number of cyclones occur during the south west monsoon. The maximum wind speed recorded in the region is 175 kmph in the year 1972.

SOIL The entire region may be divided into two dissimilar natural divisions.

The littoral tract is the strip which lies between the alluvial lands and the Bay of Bengal, with sandy soil. It assumes the form of a bear but sandy ridge which stretches along the sea- shore for the full length of the District , Varying from 6.5 Km. to a few hundred meters in width . Accumulations of windblown sand give rise to ridges parallel to the coast. It forms the dividing line between the Lake Chilika and the ocean.

SANKHA KSHETRA

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

03

FLORA

fauna BIRDS

The forests of Puri district fall mostly under the classification of dry, evergreen or semi-evergreen category of vegetation, and show a remarkable mélange of diversity, in terms of both flora and fauna, as it traverses from the coast and further inland. Types of vegetation include the following as:

F L O R A

& F A U N A

FORESTS :• • • •

Coastal Semi-evergreen Forest Coastal Sal Forest Moist Sal Forest Dry Sal Forest

• • • •

Moist Bamboo Brakes Dry Mixed-deciduous Forest Riverine Forest Induced Scrub Forest

TREES :-

MAMMALS WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES The Puri district has two significant forests: The Balukhand Konark Wildlife Sanctuary and the Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary. While the former is reputed for its mammalian population, specifically the Black Buck, and the nesting beaches of the Olive Ridley Trutles, the latter is renowned for the splendor of its brackish biology.

REPTILES

FISHES

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

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O F P U R I

Grand road

H I S T O R Y

THE CHRONOLOGICAL GROWTH OF PURI 300 BC 1st Temple built

By King Indradhyumnaas he found the daru (in the form of Lord Krishna, who was killed by Jara) floating in the eastern shores.

Puri started with Fishermen along the sea and Sabars of the forest.

9TH CENTURY

Established as one of the “Dhams” (holy destinations) By Acharya Shankar visited

First Nagar (town) was established by King Ashoka With Bhuddism being spread over Odisha.

Ages of Rigveda

King Chodaganga deva built the temple 3rd time ( the present one now.

City grew around the temple.

The town consists of jagannath temple in the center with 8 quarters (sahis) radiating from its as concentric rings.

In this period KingYayati Keshari built the 2nd temple of the same place because 1st one was dilapidated.

200 BC

12TH CENTURY

10TH CENTURY

19TH CENTURY

Sea in south and low lying marshy lands in north acted as physical barriers for north south expansion.

British ad laying of railway line, holiday homes where built and modernization of Puri began.

Structure of the town: linear along withthe bada danda the (grand road) and beaches.

Rath yatra became more elaborate.

More people started staying here.

More people to serve them.

17TH CENTURY

Puri now is a renowned tourist place of odisha Having a population of 2.1 lakhs people settled over there.

PURI NOW

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

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ART AND CULTURE AND FOOD

S O C I O C U L T U R E

Art and culture of Puri District, is a unique combination of the colourful cultural heritage which has been prevalent. in this part of the country since times immemorial. It is believed that since 3rd century BC, Puri is enriched with rich cultural tradition and customs, in the form of its various types of art-forms, dances, folk dances, music, fairs and festivals.

ART

Moreover, Puri is often referred to as the cultural capital of the eastern- Indian state of Odisha. The regional inhabitants of Puri engage in numerous activities which reflect their purity in the sphere of arts and culture. Puri Beach Festival, Gosani Yatra, Gundicha Utsav and different cultural events portray the vibrant culture of Puri District.

PERFORMING ARTS

FESTIVALS

FOOD

SANKHA KSHETRA

http://www.indianetzone.co m/69/art_culture_puri_distri ct.htm

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E C O N O M Y

ECONOMY

TOURISM

Puri shows a wide range of variations as far as the economic activities are performed. The urban centers in the region namely, Puri town have major concentration and share in tertiary sector activities and employment generation. This is largely due to the tourism sector which holds the key in employment generation and economic base of these centers as well as the region. On the contrary, the intermediate villages between the urban centers most comprising of agriculture and allied activities in subsistence form.

This over the last decade has resulted in population shift from the rural to the urban areas within the region. Major planning interventions are therefore of prime importance in this region.

Puri, both as a city and a district, has been a tourists' paradise and a pilgrims‟ favourite since the ancient past, long enough for the economic importance and benefits of this industry to be palpable to the residents and administrative bodies of this region alike. Tourists and pilgrims come from neighbouring states as well as far-flung countries to Odisha, not only to pursue spiritual interests but also to visit the many architectural marvels such as the temples, experience the vibrant culture and festivities, enjoy the golden beaches, picturesque waterfalls, verdant country, lush forests and wildlife of Odisha.

SOURCES OF INCOME

A N D T O U R I S M

Tourist movement during the normal season

Agriculture

Fishery Tourist movement during the peak season

Tourism

Hotels and Accommodations Craft works

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Mathas

H E R I T A G E

Tanks

"Mathas are monastic houses originally founded with the object of giving religious instructions to chelas or disciples and generally of encouraging a religious life.“ The Mathas were originally founded with the purpose of imparting education to the disciples and give shelter to pilgrims, feeding travelers, ascetics and beggars. Most of the Mathas of Puri are connected with the worship of Jagannath and have various sevas or duties to perform in the temple.

temples

The historic urban settlement of Puri had numerous tanks and ponds which were the only source of water for town inhabitants and therefore an integral part of the settlement pattern. Some of these water bodies have been protected and maintained through the ages due to their religious and social significance, most well known being the following four religious tanks: Narendra Tank, Indrayumna Tank, Markandeswar Tank Swetha Ganga tank, Pravati Sagar Tank.

Puri city has approximately 112 temples among which Shri Jagannatha Temple is the most significant occupying the central position in the history and cultural traditions of Puri.

Apart from Shri Jagannatha temple, there are five more temples of lord shiva locally known as Pancha Pandu or the five pandavas. These are: Lokanatah Temple, Yameshwar, Kapalmochana, Markandeshwar, and Nilkantheswar.

MATHAS HOLY TANKS TEMPLES

Temples

Mathas

Tanks

SANKHA KSHETRA

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Conceptual development of Puri town (Sankhakshetra)

Z O N I N G

The town consists of the Temple of Lord Jagannath in its centre with eight quarters (Sahis) radiatingfrom it. The town colonies were called 'Sahis'. The population of the town was composed mostly priests and people attached to the various activities of the temple. Besides, there are large numbers of Mathas which chiefly cluster round the temple.

As the rituals of the temple and Ratha Yatra became more elaborate, more people started living in Puri.The Matha Complexes with their system ofinter connected open courtyards as well a sextensive areas of garden and plantations were also closely associated with the major temple complexes. These Mathas were located within compact traditional neighborhoods or 'Sahis' with a distinctive built form which emerged in close proximity to the Jagannath temple complex. The sandy tract near Balukhand was not constructed upon, with the exception of the Swargadwara area where certain Mathas and a cremation ground were established, maintaining a distance from the seashore.

MASTER PLAN OF PURI AND ZONING

ZONE- 7 ZONE - 1 JAGANNAT H TEMPLE AREA

ZONE- 5 ZONE - 3

V.I.P ROAD AREA

ZONE - 6

SEA BEACH MARKET AREA

ZONE - 4

SWARGADW ARA AREA

SANKHA KSHETRA

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA

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Accesesibility to the grand road

ZONE – 2 THE GRAND ROAD The main street, from the temple of Jagannatha to Gundicha Temple (his Garden House), is known as Bada Danda or the Grand Road. It is in tune with the central objective of the original lay out of the sacred town and is one of the widest city-streets in India. Three big chariots move on this street annually during the famous Car Festival and to witness it pilgrims in their millions stream in from all parts of India and abroad and assemble on this street.

For the city of Puri it is a historic street with religious, commercial, economic and cultural significance where transformations can be seen through the entire length of the road commencing at the religious node into a commercial street, to craft market to vegetable and fruit market to workshops and garages through the entire span of the day.

A R E A O F

Vehicular and Human movement in and around grand road

S T U D Y Grand road during normal days

Grand road during rath yatra Parking facility during Rath yatra

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

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1)Congested narrow streets 2)Old colonial building in the streets.

3)All the main commercial recreational and mythological works going on along the grand road.

Old colonial building

M O R P H O L O G Y

Streets of grand road

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

SANKHA KSHETRA

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This zone is defined by the urban fabric abutting the road along with the road intersections which connect the Grand road with other parts of the city. The Draft Comprehensive Development plan also defines Grand road as an important heritage precinct of the town.The sites of historic and cultural significance along the Grand road are Mathas (like Jagannatha Vallabh Matha, Papudia matha), Holytanks and Temples

A l o n g T h e G r a n d

Tanks

Temples

r o a d

SANKHA KSHETRA

Mathas

12

In the Draft Comprehensive Development Plan -2031 the landuse along the Grand Road is mainly commercial (hotels, dharamshalas, govt. shops, individual shops etc.), religious (temples, matha and ashrams), institutional (libraries, police station, hospitals, jails, fire station) and medium density residential areas with the building heights varying from single storied to five storied. The commercial activities is limited to the Red Cross junction beyond which are single storied structures of residential use with few institutional buildings.

C O N T E X T

North Elevation of Grand Road (Gundicha Temple to Jagannath Temple)

South Elevation of Grand Road (Gundicha Sources :- Temple to Jagannath Temple) • Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

SANKHA KSHETRA

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C O N T E X t

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

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South Elevation of Grand Road (Gundicha Temple to Jagannath Temple)

S T R E E T E L E V A T I O N S

North Elevation of Grand Road (Gundicha Temple to Jagannath Temple)

Sources :• Comprehensive Development Plan – PKDA 2031 volume 1 • HRIDAY SCHEME :- Heritage Rejuvenation Infrastructure Development Augmentation Yojna

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CONTEXTUAL STUDY OF MY WON HOUSE

I N T R O D U C T I O N

BHUBNESHWAR, ODISHA

Major Landmark

Bhubaneswar is more than the capital city of Odisha.

It is the political, economic, educational and religious hub of the state. Besides being India's second planned city, it is also one of the cleanest and greenest cities of the nation. The city is connected to Kolkata, Hyderabad and Chennai through the National Highway 5 (NH 5) and had the only major airport in Odisha and now in Jharsuguda too. Bhubaneswar is one of India's most important IT and ITES hubs due to the presence of giants like Wipro, Satyam, TCS and Infosys. Bhubaneswar takes centre stage with over 60 engineering institutes - including IIT, IIIT and KIIT. It also has a commendable presence in medical and business circles because of AIIMS, AMRI, XIMB, Apollo L V Prasad Eye Institute and Kanungo Institute of Diabetes.

COSMOPOLISH APARTMENTS (A)

A

B

Developing Area New Town of Bhubaneswar

Old town of Bhubaneswar Developing area

ACCESSIBILITY • • • •

AIRPORT – 8 km (20 MIN) BUS STAND – 3 km (10 MIN) RAILWAY STATION – 7.5 km (20MIN) LOCAL AUTOS AND CABS AT THE DOOR STEPS

LOCATION :4004, DN OXYPARK DUMDUMA, KHANDAGIRI, BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA

So, keeping an eye on its all facilities and accesibilities DN OXYPARK – LOCATED AT DUMDUMA, KHANDAGIRI, grew up as A premium residential project in outskirts of Bhubneswar where people can enjoy nature at the doorstep with all conceivable facilities. Where I live in.

DN OXYPARK

CONNECTIVITY (B)

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L A N D M A R K S

CET Collage

Barmunda Bustand

Sum Hospital

KalingaStadium

Ligaraj Railway Station

Bijupatnaik International Airport Khandagiri Caves

ITER Collage AMRI Hospital

Lingaraj Temple GITA Collage

C.V. Raman Collage

DN Regalia Mall

DN OXYPARK

AIIM Hospital

DAV School

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EVOLUTION WITH TIME

SITE DESCRIPTION 4TH TOWER

E V O L U T I O N

3RD TOWER

Source – google earth

2005

2010

1ST AND 2ND TOWER

CLUB HOUSE

COMMERCIAL BUILDING 2015

2020

DN OXYPARK

MAIN ENTRY

SITE PLAN

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BACK SIDE CONTEXT OF THE BUILDING

C O N T E X T RIGHT SIDE CONTEXT OF THE BUILDING DN OXYPARK

LEFT SIDE CONTEXT OF THE BUILDING

DN OXYPARK

NH-5

STREET SECTION

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4th tower plan

Elevation of 4th tower

Site plan

My house plan

DN OXYPARK

Elevation

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VIEW FROM THE ROOM BALCONIES AND WINDOWS

View from study room window

View from kitchen balcony

STUDY ROOM View from guest room

GUEST ROOM

MASTER BEDROOM

KITCHEN

ENTRANCE

House entrance

DRAWING AND DINNING

MY ROOM View from my room window

View from m. bedroom balcony

DN OXYPARK Main entrance to the block

View from the drawing room balcony

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