Walking-Working Surfaces
2:1 A walking-working surface is any horizontal or vertical surface on or through which an employee walks, works, or gains access to a work area or workplace location. 1910.21(b)
2:5 Housekeeping:
2:6 Keep all walking-working surfaces in a clean, orderly, and sanitary condition. 1910.22(a)(1)
2:7 The workroom floor needs to be kept clean and dry. 1910.22(a)(2)
2:8 Walking-working surfaces need to be free of hazards like sharp and protruding objects, loose boards, corrosion, leaks, spills, snow, and ice. 1910.22(a)(3)
2:9 If any access point to a walking-working surface is unsafe, tell your supervisor. 1910.22(c)
VIOLATION
This chemical spill poses a slipping hazard and a potential health hazard.
Ref. 2:7
Are there other issues in this photo?
2:10 Your employer will inspect and maintain safe walkingworking surfaces. 1910.22(d)(1)
2:11 All hazardous conditions on walking-working surfaces will be corrected or repaired before you are allowed to use them. 1910.22(d)(2)
Walking-Working Surfaces
2:12 If there is a hazard that cannot be remedied immediately, it must be guarded. 1910.22(d)(3)
2:15 Fall protection:
2:16 Fall Protection is any equipment, device, or system that prevents an employee from falling from an elevation or mitigates the effect of such a fall. 1910.21(b)
2:17 Fall protection is required on every walking-working surface with at least 1 unprotected side or edge that is 4 feet or more above a lower level. 1910.28(b)(1)(i)
2:18 Tell your supervisor if you see a walking-working surface that needs fall protection. 1910.28(a)(1)
2:19 Fall protection systems are one of the following:
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2:21
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• Guardrails. 1910.28(b)(1)(ii)
• Safety net systems. 1910.28(b)(1)(ii)
• Personal Fall protection systems. 1910.28(b)(1)(ii)
2:23 Fall protection will be provided if there are 4-foot falls at the workplace through holes or openings. 1910.28(b)(3) & (7)
2:24 A hole is a gap or open space in a floor, roof, horizontal walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 2 inches (5 cm) in its least dimension. 1910.21(b)
2:25 An opening is a gap or open space in a wall, partition, vertical walking-working surface, or similar surface that is at least 30 inches (76 cm) high and at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, through which an employee can fall to a lower level. 1910.21(b)
2:26 Falling object protection:
2:27
2:28
• You need to wear a hard hat whenever there is a danger of falling objects. 1910.28(c)
• Do not go beyond a barricade. 1910.28(c)(3)
General Industry Segues
2:29 • Toeboards are present to keep objects from falling to a lower level and injuring someone below. 1910.28(c)(1)
2:35 Guardrails:
2:36 All guardrails have a toprail and a midrail. 1910.28(b)
2:37 Report damaged guardrails to your supervisor. 1910.28(b)(6)
2:38 All removable portions of a guardrail will be in place unless that area is being used to transfer materials between floor levels, holes, and openings. 1910.28(b)(10)
2:39 Stairways:
CORRECT
These stairs have both a guardrail and a handrail, are well maintained, and have a smooth surface.
Ref. 2:41
Are there other issues in this photo?
2:40 Your employer will ensure all stairways are safe for employee use. 1910.25(b)
2:41 All stairways that are 4 feet or more above a lower level and that have an unprotected side will be protected with a stair rail or guardrail. 1910.28(b)(11)(i)
2:42 All stairways with 3 treads and 4 risers will be protected with a stair rail. 1910.28(b)(11)(ii)
2:43 Doors or gates that open directly onto a stairway or platform should not reduce the platform's usable depth. 1910.25(b)(5)
2:45 Ladders:
Walking-Working Surfaces
2:46 All ladders will be inspected as often as necessary to identify any visible defects that may cause a hazard. 1910.23(b)(9)
2:47 Do not paint a wooden ladder. 1910.23(b)(5)
2:48 Paint on wooden ladders can hide structural defects. 1910.23(b)(5)
2:49 Only use ladders for their designed purpose. 1910.23(b)(8)
2:50 Never use a defective ladder. 1910.23(b)(10)
2:51 Follow your company's procedure for tagging defective ladders and removing them from service. 1910.23(b)(10)
2:52 Face the ladder when you are climbing up and down. 1910.23(b)(11)
2:53 Use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when climbing up and down. 1910.23(b)(12)
2:54 Do not carry a load or object that could cause you to lose your balance or fall. 1910.23(b)(13)
2:55 Do not load a ladder beyond its maximum intended load. 1910.23(c)(3)
VIOLATION
This employee is using the top step of the ladder as a step.
Ref. 2:67
Are there other issues in this photo?
4:12
4:13
4:14
4:15
General Industry Segues
• When the plan is developed. 1910.38(f)(1)
• When you are initially assigned to a job with a company. 1910.38(f)(1)
• When your responsibilities change in the plan. 1910.38(f)(1)
• When the plan is changed. 1910.38(f)(1)
4:20 Exit Routes:
4:21 An exit route is the planned path that will take you from where you are in the building during an emergency to a safe place, whether that's going outside or to a refuge area. 1910.34(c)
4:22 A refuge is a designated and protected safe place inside the building. 1910.34(c)
4:23 The exit discharge will take you directly outside, to a street, walkway, refuge, public way, or open space with access to the outside. 1910.36(c)(1)
4:24 The type of emergency will determine the exit route you will take and the safe place you are trying to reach. Appendix to 1910 Subpart E(2)
4 Exit Routes & Emergency Action Plans
4:25 Your work will generally have two exit routes. 1910.36(b)(2)
4:26 The exit doors need to be unlocked. 1910.36(d)
4:27 The exit doors need to be clearly labeled and lighted. 1910.37(b)
4:28 Keep exit routes clean and clear of materials. 1910.37(d)
4:29 In an emergency:
4:30 • Take the primary route unless it is blocked. 1910.36(b)(2)
4:31 • If the primary route is blocked, take the secondary route. 1910.36(b)(2)
4:32 • Go to the designated safe area for employee accounting. 1910.38(c)(4)
5 Electrical Hazards
5:1 Follow the instructions for every piece of electrical equipment you use. 1910.303(b)(2)
5:5 Report the following to your supervisor:
5:6
5:7
5:8
5:9
5:10
5:11
5:12
5:13
• Defective or damaged electric equipment. 1910.303(b)(1)
• Electrical equipment which is not firmly secured to wherever it is mounted. 1910.303(b)(8)
• Electrical boxes which do not:
• Completely enclose the conductors or cables.
1910.305(b)(3)(i)
• Have a securely fastened cover. 1910.305(b)(3)(ii)
• Have a "High-Voltage" marker. 1910.305(b)(3)(iii)
• Any switch which does not de-energize when flipped and tested. 1910.305(c)(3)
• Any openings in a panel, box, cabinet, or a fitting.
1910.305(b)(1)(ii)
5:15 Flexible Cords (a.k.a. extension cords):
5:16 Do not use temporary wiring for more than 90 days.
1910.305(a)(2)(i)[B]
5:17 Remove temporary wiring as soon as the project is complete. 1910.305(b)(2)(ii)
5:18 Flexible cords and cables may be approved and suitable for the following conditions of use and location:
1910.305(g)(1)(ii)
5:19
5:20
5:21
5:22
• Fixture wiring. 1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[B]
• Connections of portable lamps or appliances.
1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[C]
• Connection of stationary equipment to facilitate their frequent interchange. 1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[G]
• Appliances, where designed to permit removal.
1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[I]
Electrical Hazards
5:23 Flexible cords must be used only in continuous lengths without splice or tap. 1910.305(g)(2)(ii)
5:24 A flexible cord must be equipped with an attachment plug and energized from an approved receptacle outlet in these situations:
5:25
5:26
5:27
• Portable lamps or appliances. 1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[C]
• Frequent interchange of stationary equipment. 1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[G]
• Appliances where fastening means and mechanical connections are designed to permit removal for maintenance and repair. 1910.305(g)(1)(ii)[I]
5:28 Flexible cords must be connected to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided, which will prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws. 1910.305(g)(2)(iii)
5:29 Flexible cords and cables may not be used in the following methods:
5:30
5:31
5:32
5:33
5:34
• As a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure.
1910.305(g)(1)(iv)[A]
• Strung through holes in walls, ceilings, or floors.
1910.305(g)(1)(iv)[B]
• Placed through doorways, windows, etc.
1910.305(g)(1)(iv)[C]
• Attached to building surfaces. 1910.305(g)(1)(iv)[D]
• Concealed behind building walls, ceilings, or floors.
1910.305(g)(1)(iv)[E]
7:1 Your employer will tell you about all chemicals you will be exposed to or may be exposed to in the course of your work duties and their hazards. 1910.1200(b)(1)
7:2 This information comes to you through the HazCom plan. 1910.1200(b)(1)
7:5 Parts of the HazCom plan:
7:6 • Container Labels. 1910.1200(f)
7:7 • Safety Data Sheets. 1910.1200(g)
7:8 • List of Hazardous Chemicals. 1910.1200(e)(1)(i)
7:9 • Training. 1910.1200(h)
7:15 Container Labels:
CORRECT
Shipped containers with hazardous chemicals will be marked with pictograms. Ref. 7:26
Are there other issues in this photo?
7:20 Product Identifier: It is the same on the Label and the Safety Data Sheet. 1910.1200 Appendix C.1
7:21 Signal words: 1910.1200(f)(1)(ii)
7:22
• Danger. 1910.1200 Appendix C.2.1.1
7:23 • Warning. 1910.1200 Appendix C.2.1.1
7:25 Hazard statement: a plain language statement of the hazard after exposure. 1910.1200(f)(1)(iii)
