Pride Of Surat Documentation On Surat Pol Houses.

PRIDE OF SURAT DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

MANAV H SUMRA

6TH SEMESTER ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO

PRIDE OF SURAT DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

MANAV H SUMRA

PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (PIET) - ARCHITECTURE ASSISTANTSHIP (DIPLOMA SECTION)

Writing By: MANAV H SUMRA Student Of PIET (PARUL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY) Diploma 6th Semester Architecture Assistantship

Mentors: AR RESHMA SHUKLA Faculty And HOD Of Diploma Section PIAR AR KANDARP BHATT Faculty And PRINCIPAL Of Diploma Section PIAR

Information Reference: https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/# At the Core::Understanding the Built Heritage of Surat and Rander (BOOK) https://historyofvadodara.in/# (VADODARA HERITAGE WALK)

“DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS” I Am Thankful To “GTU” For Give This Subject In Over Syllabus And Thank You “PIAR”(PARUL INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE AND RESEARCH) For Give Us Mentors Like Ar Reshma Shukla And Ar Kandarp Bhatt Who Gave Us Knowledge About This Subject “Pol Housing”.Also I Am Thankful To The Owner Of Pol House At Ramji Ni Pol For Give Me Permission To Do Documentation On His House.

OLD MAP OF SURYANAGRI (SURAT)

CONTENT: 01 HERITAGE OF SURYA NAGAR (SURAT) 02 HISTORY OF POLE HOUSES (SURAT) 03 FORT CITY SURAT MAP 03.1 MAP PART A & B

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03.2 MAP PART C & D ……………………………..…………………………………...09 TO 10 03.3 MAP PART E & F ……………………………..…………………………………...11 TO 12 03.4 MAP PART G & H ……………………………..…………………………………...13 TO 14 03.5 MAP PART I

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04 RAMJI NI POL (SURAT)

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04.1 RAMJI NI POL NEAR BY AREAS

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04.2 PLAN OF POL HOUSE AT RAMJI NI POL (SURAT) ………..……………………….……………...19 TO 23 04.3 FRONT ELEVATION ………..…..………………………………………………………24 04.5 SECTION VIEW 05 OTHER

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05.1 VADODARA HERITAGE WALK …………………………………..…26 TO 35

PRIDE OF SURAT:

01 HERITAGE OF SURYA NAGAR: (SURAT) HERITAGE OF SURYA NAGAR: (SURAT) Surat,Situated Along The Banks Of River Tapi, Is A Historic City With A Vibrant Urban Character.The Origin Of The City Dates Back To 300 Bc Surat Was Ruled Successively By The Kings From Sauvira (Mahabharat - Period), And Order Hindu Rulers Till 1194 Ad. Thereafter, Till The Late 18th Century, Ahmedabadi Sultans And Rulers From Dynasties Like Tughlaq, And Mughal Among Other Held Sway Over The City. After The Advent Of The Portuguese, The British Arrived First At Surat In 1608 Ad. The Dutch And The French Also Made Surat The Base For Their Trading Operations.

Surat Has Thus Been An Important Trading Port On The Western Coast.Flags Of 84 Countries Were Seen Flying On Their Ships Indicating The Vast Range Of Trading Partners That Patronized Surat. It Is Said That The Province Surrounding Surat Has Acquired The Name Of “Choryasi Taluka” (84 Talukas) Since Then.

These Varied Economic Interactions Have Left An Indelible Impression In The Form Of Socio-Cultural Practices And Architectural Monuments And Structures All Over Surat, More So Within The Walled City Area And The Adjoining Village Of Rander.

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

Notable Architectural Structures Include The Surat Fort Constructed By Khudawand Khan On Behalf Of Sultan Mahmood III, Mughal Sarai Constructed During The Period Of Emperor Shah Jahan, The Cemeteries Of The English, The Dutch And The Armenian, The Nav Saiyyed Mosque, Saiyyed Idris Mosque, Mirza Sami Mausoleum, Chintamani Jain Temple, The Fire Temple Of The Parsi Community And A Host Of Other Religious And Cultural Buildings. European Architecture Is Represented By The Tower, The Andrews Library And The Sir Jj Training College.

In Addition To These, There Are A Large Number Of Lesser Known But Equally Significant Buildings In Terms Of Heritage And Architectural Value. Most Of These Buildings Have Been In The Same Family For Several Generations. Apart From Their Architectural Style And Façade, They Also Demonstrate The Building And Construction Technology That Was Used In The 19th And Early Part Of 20th Century In Surat Before The Advent Of The Rcc (Reinforce Cement Concrete) Age. The Layout And Interiors Of These Buildings Reveal Glimpses Of The Lifestyle Enjoyed By Families Belonging To Different Communities In Surat, And Throw Light On Various Aspects Such As Culture, Beliefs, Social Norms, Status And Role Of Women, Trading Practices, Etc. However, With The Passage Of Time And The Increasing Pressure On Urban Land, Inevitably, Many Of These Buildings Have Been Irreversibly Modified, And In Some Cases, Torn Down To Make Way For Buildings Found More Suitable For Modern Urban Life. Familiarity And Compulsions Of Everyday Living Also Erode The Appreciation Of These Architectural Gems.

A Precious Part Of Surat’s Urban History Is Being Rapidly Damaged And Is Lost For The Future Generations. With A View To Record This Invaluable Heritage, Before It Is Irretrievably Lost, The Surat Municipal Corporation Decided To Commission A Survey Of The Significant Heritage Structures In Surat.

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

02 HISTORY OF POL HOUSES: (SURAT) DEFINITION OF POL HOUSES: In India Is A Housing Cluster Which Comprises Many Families Of A Particular Group, Linked By Caste, Profession, Or Religion. Pols Are Typical Of Urban Centres In Gujarat Especially Of Old Ahmedabad.

The Word Pol Is Derived From The Sanskrit Word “Pratoli” Meaning Entrance To An Enclosed Area.

HISTORY OF POL HOUSES IN GUJARAT: Pols Were Originally Made As A Protection Measure When Communal Riots Necessitated Greater Security Probably Dating From 1738 During Mughal-Maratha Rule (1738–1753) In Ahmedabad,Surat And Vadodara. A Typical Pol Would Have Only One Or Two Entrances And Also Some Secret Entrances Known Only To People Residing In A Pol. Some Pols Contain Old Beautiful Houses With Internal Courts Having Intricate Wooden Carved Facades With Columns And Fresco Work Done Around Court Walls Or Ceilings. Pol Architecture Is An Interesting Evolution In Urban Living Space.

Each pol was protected by a gateway closed at night as a safeguard against thieves. Inside is one main street, with crooked lanes branching on either side. Most vary in size from five or ten to fifty or sixty houses. One of them, the Mandvi pol in the Jamalpur area of Ahmedabad, is much larger than the rest and includes several smaller pols, with an area of about fifty acres and a population of thousands. Pols are almost entirely inhabited by Hindus, in some cases by a settlement of families belonging to one caste, and in others by families of several of the higher castes, Brahmins, Vanias, Suthars, and Kanbis.

Most Pols Have Been Established And With A Gateway, Some Provided At The Expense Of The Pol's Leading Man Whose Name The Pol In Many Cases Bears, And Whose Family Holds A Position Of Respect As The Heads Of The Pol. Each Pol Had Generally Its Own Watchman And Its Own Sanitary Arrangements. The Affairs Of The Pol Were Managed By A Group Of People.

The House Property In The Pol Is To Some Extent Held In Common.

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

Formerly No Man Could Sell Or Mortgage A House To An Outsider Without First Offering It To The People Of The Pol. Though This Rule Has Not Been Kept Latterly, Residents Of A Pol Sold Their Houses To People Of The Same Caste. When A House Is Mortgaged Or Sold, The People Of The Pol Had A Right To Claim From One-Half To Two Per Cent Of The Money Received. At Weddings And On Other Great Family Occasions, Each Householder Is Expected To Feast The Whole Pol, And In Some Cases All The Men Of The Pol, Though Not Of The Same Caste, Are Expected To Attend Any Funeral That May Take Place. If The Pol Rules Are Slighted, The Offender Is Fined And, In Former Times, Till He Paid, He Was Not Allowed To Light A Lamp In His House Or To Give A Feast. The Money Gathered From Gifts, Fines, And The Percentage On House Property Sales, Formed A Common Fund Managed By The Leaders, Seths, Of The Pol. This Was Spent On Repairs To The Pol Gate, The Pol Privies, Or The Pol Well. The Polia Or Gate-Keeper Is Not Paid Out Of The Fund. He Earns His Living By Begging From The People Of The Pol And Works As A Labourer For Them.

The Chief Feature Of These Pols Is That Each Has A Separate Entrance Protected By A Gateway, Pol, With A Picket House On The Top Of It. Inside Of The Gateway The Houses Of The Group Form One Or More Streets, The Ends Either Blocked By A Dead Wall, Or, Through A Small Door, Bari, Opening Into Another Pol. Inside The Pols The Roads Are Rough, Narrow, And Winding, Fit In Many Cases Only For Foot Passengers.

Most Of The Houses Are First Class, The Walls Massive And The Timber Strong. Some Of Them, Especially Those About More Than Hundred Years Old, Are Ornamented With Much Rich And Finely Cut Wood-Work. From Their Fondness For This Part Of The Town And The Want Of Open Sites, The Families As They Grew Larger, Added Story On Story To The Old Houses, The Upper Stories Often Jutting Out So Far That, When Two Opposite Houses Were Enlarged, Their Eaves Almost Met Across The Roadway.

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

N *TENTATIVE FORTIFIED PLAN OF SURAT IN 17TH AND 18TH CENTURY

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PRIDE OF SURAT: DUTCH GARDEN

NAVDI PORT (Navdi Ovara)

ATHWA DARWAJA

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

MAJURA DARWAJA

JAFERALI DARWAJA

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

GOPI TALAV

NAVSARI DARWAJA (Udhna Darwaja)

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

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PRIDE OF SURAT: SARA DARWAJA

MAN DARWAJA

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

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DELHI (DEKHI) DARWAJA

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PRIDE OF SURAT: KATARGAM DARWAJA

KHAMMAVATI STEP WELL

CLOCK TOWER

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

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VARIAVI DARWAJA

TOMB OF KHUDAWAND KHAN

SMV HOSPITAL

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

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MUGHAL SARAI

PLANETARIUM

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SURAT FORT

DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

04 RAMJI NI POL (SURAT) RAMJI NI POL (SURAT): The Ramji Ni Pol Located In Nanavat Area Of Surat, Have A Great Heritage Of Pol .This Pol Connected With Other Pols Like Pandhol Ni Pol , Hanuman Ni Pol, Nagarsheth Ni Pol Talavala Ni Pol And Other Streets And Market Areas,Police Station,And Hospital The Distance Of 5 To 6 Minute Walk We Can See The Oldest Fort Of Surat And The Mughalsarai At Past Of Surat Old City Divided In Two Fortified Parts (As Indus Valley Civilization) This Area Of Ramji Ni Pol Located In Upnagar Of Old Surat City Called As Suryanagar.

RAMJI NI POL LOCATION:

RAMJI NI POL NEAR BHAGA TALAV, SURAT.

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

RAMJI NI POL NEAR BY AREAS :

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A- (House Location) Ramji Ni Pol B- Ramji Temple And Old Structure C- Lal Gate Police Station D- Rukhmabai Hospital

E- Pol House (Hanuman Ni Pol) F- Pol House 2 (Hanuman Ni Pol) G- Nagar Sheth Ni Haveli (Nagar Sheth Ni Pol) H- Jain Derasar

ABOUT THE HOUSE :

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MATERIALS : SISAM AND MANGO TREE WOOD SAND STONE LIME MORTAR MUD BRICKS STEEL SECTIONS TRADITIONAL TILE FLOORING ETC…

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ARCHITECTURE LANGUAGE & INFORMATION: TRADITIONAL SIMPLE FACADE WOODEN COLUMN 100 YEAR OLD CONSTRUCTION REFLECTION OF JAIN ARCHITECTURE MORE LIGHT VENTILATION

DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

GROUND FLOOR:

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3 M WIDE INNER ROAD

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

FIRST FLOOR:

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3 M WIDE INNER ROAD

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

VIEWS OF DETAILS:

STEEL ROD LOCKING SYSTEM

WOODEN BEAM SYSTEM

DOOR STOPPER HOLE

WOODEN COLUMNS 23

STEEL BEAM SYSTEM

WOODEN STAIR

DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

FRONT VIEW:

SECTION VIEW:

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

:OTHER:

05 Vadodara Heritage Walk: At Sarkarwada Mandvi 6 march 2022 sunday

:GUIDES OF WALK: AR PIYUSH SRIVASTAV (PROFESSOR, P.I.A.R) AR ASMITA DESHINGKAR (PROFESSOR, P.I.A.R) AR JANVI WALA (PROFESSOR P.I.A.R)

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

HISTORY OF VADODARA:

Vadodara is situated on the banks of River Vishwamitri. The name of this river was derived from the name of a great Saint Vishwamitra. During 9th Century, Present Akota was known as Ankottaka, which was a little town and was famous for Jainism located on banks of River Vishwamitri. In 5th and 6th Century A.D., Some of bronze Images are still found in Baroda Museum.

Architecture findings also date Baroda back to this time.

The early trade settlers made an entry in 812 A.D.. The imperial Baroda province was mainly ruled by Hindu Kings till the year 1297. Chalukya Dynasty took over the Gupta Empire by fierce battle after intense rivalry. After then, it was taken over by Solanki Rajputs. Tehn, Muslim rule was spread across India and reins of Power were then snatched by Sultans of Delhi. The city was ruled for a long time by these Sultans, until they were easily overthrown by the Mughal emperors. During this time, Maratha Gaekwads made an entry into this region and began their reputable reign. They made Vadodara as their capital.

The Glorious History of the Gaekwad’s began when Maratha General Pilaji Rao Gaekwad conquered Songadh from the Mughals in year 1726. The Mughal rule came to an End in Year 1732, when Maratha General Pilaji Rao Gaekwad intensified the Maratha campaigns in South Gujarat and carved out a Kingdom for his lineage. Son & Successor of Pilaji Rao Gaekwad – Damajirao, defeated the Mughal Armies and conquered Baroda State in Year 1734. Slowly, the Gaekwad successors intensified the degree of their hold over more areas of Gujarat, which made them most Powerful Rulers in the region.

The Gaekwad's ruled the Kingdom until Indian Independence in Year 1947.

In Year 1875, during the enigmatic rule of Maharaja Sayajirao III, it was considered as the Golden Period, as it was an Era of great progress and achievements in all fields. Maharaja Sayajirao Ruled from year 1875 to 1939, and contributed overwhelmingly to revive and reform Vadodara (Baroda) with some best initiatives like… ❖ Establishing compulsory Primary Education ❖ Library system ❖ a University ❖ Model textile and tile Factories ❖ Great Museums ❖ Art and Architecture.

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

WALK MAP & PLACES :

O1 MANDVI GATE: The Word ‘mandvi’ (I.e. Derived From The Sanskrit Word “Mandapa” Meaning A Pillared Hall). The Structure, Giving The Old City It’s Identity, Was Built By The Sultan Only As A Double Storeyed Pavilion. The Upper Two Storeys Were Added By The Gaekwads. The Square-Shaped Pavilion Features Three Bold Arched Openings On Each Of Its Four Sides, And Is Decorated With Niches Of Various Size And Shape. It Is Believed That It Was Used For Collecting Toll From Merchants And Traders And Was Also Used To Make Announcements For The City. Under The Orders Of Damji Rao II, The Structure Was Renovated By Governor Malharao Maloji In 1736 Ad. Later During 1856 Ad, Ganpatrao Gaekwad Added The Upper Two Storeys Along With A Clock That Sits On The Topmost Storey.

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Example Of Mandapa

DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

The Structure Has A Staircase Which Spirals Through A Cylindrical Tower, To Lead One To The Upper Level. The Position Of This Staircase Tower Was Probably Changed From The South-Eastern Corner To The North-Eastern Corner & Few Substantial Changes To Parapet Were Also Made Between The 1880 To 1900’s. Earlier The Upper Storeys Were Wooden Structures, Which Along The Years Were Converted To Concrete Structures. Although The Structural System Has Been Changed, The Wooden Jaalis Are Still Intact.

Mandvi Along With The Four Gates Was Recently Restored By The Authorities.

02 BANK OF BARODA: This bank was inaugurated by shrimant maharaja sayajirao gaekwad in the 28th of july 1908 the heritage room over here has some tragedable things such as the calendar dating the year 1908, the first handwritten balance sheet, the furniture use for first board meeting, list of account holders along with photographs who was opened his account in back’s first year,photocopy of cheque book and progress sheet of the bank.

03 VITTHAL MANDIR: This Beautiful Temple Of Lord Vishnu Was Built By Maharani Gahinabai, Wife Of Maharaja Sayajirao II In The Beginning Of The 19th Century It Is Said That This 200 Old Temple Was Constructed By Maharani’s Own Money For Which She Was Required To Sell Her Own Ornaments There Is This Huge Kadamba Bird Flower Tree In The Middle Of This Temple Which Is Believed To Be Implanted Lord Vithhal And Lord Vishnu Himself Stunning Paintings Which Depicting Tales Of Hindu Mythology Like Ramayana Mahabharata And Shree Krishna Raslila Are Tinted On The Wall Of Main Sanctum(Garbhagriha).

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

04 CENTRAL LIBRARY: Serving The People Of The City For More Than A Hundred Years Now, The Central Library Of Baroda Was Conceived In 1906’ When Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III Introduced Compulsory And Free Primary Education In The Baroda State. Doing So The Insightful Ruler Placed His Territory Far In Advance Of British India And Became The First Ruler To Do So. Working In The Best Interest Of His Subjects, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III Not Only Made His Own State Prosperous But Also Triggered The Library Movement In The Whole Of India, Beginning In 1906.

At The Time Of His Accession To The Throne, The State Only Had One Library And By The Time Of His Death, The Number Had Grown To More Than 1500.

His Personal Library Became The Core Of Today’s Central Library Of Baroda With A Network Of Libraries In All The Towns And Villages Of His State.

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

05 CHAMPANER GATE:

Champaner Gate(Darwaja),Serves As The Northern Gateway To The Old City Of Baroda And Leads One In And Out Of The Tightly Knit Fabric And The Colorful Markets Of The Old City Area. It Is One Of The Four Entry Gates To The Walled City Of Baroda, Called Kila-E-Daulatabad And Was Built By Khalil Khan Along With The Now Extinct Foort Wall.

The Gate Faces Northwards Towards Champaner And Thus The Champaner Darwaja. It Was Named Champaner Also Because The Champaner Was Captured By Sultan Mahmud Begada(Father Of Khalil Khan). This Was Among The Few Gates From Where Elephants Could Pass.

Just Like The Other Gates This Gate Also Has Massive Islamic Arched Gates As A Means Of Entry. This Gate Also, Has The Guard Rooms On It’s Inner Side And A Room With A Sloping Roof On The Top. The Room On The Top Has 3 Windows On Both Sides Which May Have Been Used To Keep An Eye On The Surroundings. Along With The Other Four Gates This Gate Was Also Restored Recently.

06 SARKARWADA: Out Of The Group Of 5 Buildings, Only About 2-3 Buildings Stand Intact (Intact In The Sense, They Are The Only Ones With All The Floors They Were Built With).Most Of The Portions,Built As 3 Storeys Tall,Have Lost Their Second Floor Entirely, First Floor Has Turned To Ruins, While The Ground Floor Has Been Turned Into Shops. It Is Said That There Were Wooden Pavilions On The Terrace Levels, Which Also Disappeared Along The Years.

Built With The Main Facades Opening On The Road, The Back Portions May Have Been Built Around Courtyards, Just Like The Marathi Wadas Of Pune.

Now Almost Unrecognizable, The Back Portions Have Crumbled Over The Years, And May Lead One The Believe That The Palaces Were Just Linear Buildings.

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

GENERATION GAPS IN HOUSES BETWEEN MANDVI AND CHAMPANER GATE: 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

STREETS AND POL HOUSES NEAR CHAMPANER GATE:

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

07 NARSINHJI TEMPLE:(NARSINHJI NI POL) Situated In The Middle Lanes And Bylanes Crowded With Boring Concrete Buildings The Narsinhji Temple Is A Sight For Sore Eyes. Painted In Bright Colors Made Alive By Delicate Wooden Carvings, This Particular Temple Is Considered To Be An Edifice More Than 282 Years Old. It Is Said That The Idol Of Lord Narsinhji Was Installed In The Haveli Over 282 Years Ago And The Haveli Is Even Older Than That . In Its Journey To Becoming A Center Of Faith, The Pol In Which The Haveli Is Situated Has Changed Many Names. Its Earliest Known Name Was “Vanik Ni Pol”. After This, The Pol Was Known As The “Madan Mohanji Ni Pol” After A Temple Of The Same Name. Finally In The 18th Century After The Establishment Of The Narsinhji Temple, It Was Renamed As The Narsinhji Ni Pol.

The Gaekwads Of Baroda Are Known To Be The Devoted Followers Of The Lord Narsinhji Since The Very Beginning. It Is Said That Maharaja Anandrao Gaekwad Had Arranged An Amount Of 1550 Rs. For The Yearly Expenses Of The Temple. These Expenses Also Included Funds For A Ghee Lamp That Would Burn 24/7 The “Deepmala” Outside The Temple Was Commissioned By Maharaja Khanderao Gaekwad In The 1860s. Some Say That The Members Of The Royal Family Only Had Dinner After Having A “Darshan” Of A Lamp Lighted On The Top Of The “Deepmala”, Visible From The SarkarWada.

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PRIDE OF SURAT:

08 LEHRIPURA GATE: Lehripura Gate Situated In The Midst Of Noisy And Colorful Bustling Markets, The Lehripura Darwaja, Is The Most Ornamented Gate Out Of The Four Gates Of The Old City.

Built In 1558 ,It Served As The Gateway To The Old City And Is Situated In The Immediate Vicinity Of The Nyay Mandir. It Was The Part Of The Western Ramparts Of The Now Extinct Fort Known As Kila-E-Daulatabad, Built By Khalil Khan In The 16th Century.

The Gate Is Named Laheripura Darwaja After The Community Of Coppersmiths Residing In The Area Who Were Known As The Laharis. The Word Laheri In Laheripura Is A Variant Of The Original Word Lahari.

09 NYAY MANDIR: Initially Built To House A Vegetable Market, The Structure Was Commissioned By Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III In The Memory Of His Late Queen & Wife, Maharani Chimnabai I. But Upon Completion Of The Building Works, It Was Decided To Use It As Town Hall. After A Few Years Of Being Used As The Town Hall, It Was Converted To An Imperial Court. It Was Inaugurated On 30 November, 1896 By The Then Viceroy Lord Elgin.

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

The Maharaja Held Immense Respect For His Late Maharani Who Passed Only After A Few Years Of Their Marriage. Following Are The Lines That He Said While Laying The Foundation Stone Of The Building:” I Wish To Commemorate The Virtues Of Her Late Highness And The Admiration I Entertained For Her - The Mild, Charitable, Amiable Woman, The Devoted Mother, And A Loving Wife”.

Used For Musical Concerts And Lectures In Its Early Days And Later Converted To The Court, The Building Came To Be Known As The “Maharani Chimnabai Nyay Mandir”. Being The Supreme Court Pre Independence It Come To Be An Important Building And Was Used To Deliver Lectures By Eminent People Such As Baba Saheb Ambedkar, Aurobindo Ghosh, And Patrick Geddes As Well. Baroda’s Last Ruler Pratapsinhrao Gaekwad Gave His Final Speech From The Balcony Of The Building, Before Acceding To The Indian Union.

10 GHADIYALI POL: Ghadiyali Pol Located In The Densely Packed Area Of The Walled City, Ghadiyali Pol, Is A Narrow Lane With Tightly Packed Houses, Just Like Any Other Pols Of Baroda. Originally Called The “Ghadial Wali Pol” (Means “The Pol With A Clock”), It Has A Story Behind Its Name, Just Like Any Other Thing In India.

It Is Said That An Earlier King Of The Gaekwad Dynasty, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad II (1818-1847) Lived & Died In A House, In This Area. During His Period, Everyone Was Notified Of The Time Of Day Via A Huge Gong Played At An Interval Of An Hour. The Gong Was Played With A Huge Mallet At Every Hour As Many Times, As The Hour Of The Day (I.E 7 Times If It Was 7 O’clock). At That Time, No Other Pol Had Such A System, And This Is What Made The Pol Popular As Ghadial Wali Pol Or The Ghadiyali Pol!!!

11 GENDI GATE: Gendi Gate (Darwaja), Serves As The Southern Gateway To The Old City Of Baroda. It Is One Of The Four Entry Gates To The Walled City Of Baroda, Called Kila-E-Daulatabad And Was Built By Khalil Khan Along With The Now Extinct Fort Wall. Rhinos

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PRIDE OF SURAT: (Called Gendas In Gujarati) Were Kept Near This Gate, Thus The Name Gendi Gate, Says The Book “ Vadodara Ek Adhyayan” By Archaeologist R.N. Mehta. Documents From Year 1804 And 1822 Refer To Gendi Gate As Baranpore No Darwajo (Gate) Because It Led To Baranpura Locality In The Walled City.

Common With The Other Gateways, This Also The Islamic/Ogee Arched Entry Point. Unlike The Other Gates This Gate Has Two Storeys Of Rooms On The Top With The Topmost Level Covered With A Double Pitched Hipped Roof . It Is Said That This Sloping Roof Was Added During The Maratha Period. Both These Levels Of Rooms Have Windows As A Means Of A Lookout On The Neighboring Areas. Along With The Other 3 Gates This Gate Was Also Restored Recently.

12 JUMMA MASJID: Tucked Away In A Behind A Courtyard, The Jumma (Jama) Masjid Is A Mosque Located Near Mandvi. It Is Said That The Mosque Has Existed In The Area For Centuries, And Was Built In 1461 A.D. During The Sultanate Period. Although The Present Building Of The Mosque And The Attached Buildings Were Constructed With The Aid Of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III In 1912 A.D. The Construction Of This Mosque Was Carried Under The Supervision Of The Building Committee Of Anjuman-E-Islam, Baroda And The State Architect Mr. Alfred Coyle.

The Huge Gate Of The Masjid Is Tucked Between Tightly Packed Shops On The Way To Gendi Gate. Above These Small Shops One Can See Two Storeys Of Rows Of Doors And Windows Behind A Long Continuous Balcony, These Are Probably Part Of The Building Included In The Complex Of The Mosque. After Entering Thru The Huge Gateway One Comes Upon A Courtyard, Which In Turn Leads One To The Main Prayer Hall (I.E The “Liwan”).

The Facade Of This Prayer Hall In Flanked By Two Tall Minarets And Features 9 Arches Arranged In A Row. This Hall Is Topped By Three Domes , And Has 11 “Mihrabs” On The “Qibla” Wall, Facing In The Direction Of The Holy City Of Mecca.

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

STREETS AND POL HOUSES NEAR JUMMA MASJID:

13 PANI GATE: Pani Gate (Darwaja), Serves As The Eastern Gateway To The Old City Of Vadodara (Baroda). It Is One Of The Entry Gates To The Walled City Baroda, Called The Kila-E-Daultabad And Was Built

By Khalil Khan Along With The Now Extinct Fort Walls During The 16th Century.

The Name Panigate (Literally Translates To Water Gate) Is Said To Have Been Given Because Of The Presence Of Th Ajab And Raje Lacks, Which Supplied Water To The City, In The Vicinity.

The Gateway Has Massive Islamic/Ogee Arches Along With The Lotus Motif Embellishing It’s Spandrills. It Also Has Bands Carved Stone Motifs Running Along All The Sides Of The Structure.Apart From This It Is Also Decorated Using Two Small Jharokha Like Elements That Flack The Sides Of The Arch. It Also Has Guard Rooms Tucked On It’s Inner Portion Which Also Provide Access To The Upper Level Of The Gateway On It’s Outer Side, Above The Main Arch, There Is A Metal Structure Which Appears Like A Nose. People Call It “ Vadodara Nu Naak” - A Metaphor For The City’s Honour. The Gate Was Restored Few Years Back As Some Portion Of It Had Collapsed And A Room With Sloping Roof Was Added On The Top. PIET- (DS) ARCHITECTURE ASSISTANTSHIP

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PRIDE OF SURAT: ❖ NOTES: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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DOCUMENTATION ON SURAT POLE HOUSES

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PIET- (DS) ARCHITECTURE ASSISTANTSHIP

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