P2 Onderzoeksrapport

Research Report Maikel Scholten Ae // Studio 14 June 2015

TOWARDS CIRCULAR THINKING

circularity in architecture with a material passport and a virtual building database

Personal Information Maikel Scholten 4012402 Dirk Costerplein 190 2624TZ Delft +31 (0)6 11 99 81 33 maikelscholten@hotmail.com Studio 14 Architectural Engineering (aE) Tutors: (Architecture) Job SchroĂŤn

(Building Tech.) Maarten Meijs (Research) Jan Jongert

Abstract Towards Circular Thinking: circularity in architecture with a material passport and BIM Keywords: Circular Economy, Circular Design, Material Passport, BIM, Virtual Building Database, Reuse In our current ‘linear’ economy we take, make, use, and dispose. A circular economy refers to a system where materials and components are reused instead of disposed.

There is a lack of knowledge with architects when it comes to material composition and origin. This is due to the outsourcing of material selection.

Four objectives can be distinguished for this report: towards circular thinking, circularity in project and design, integrating circulariy in BIM, and personal growth. The research question is: How can material choices and BIM help the architect in making a more profitable and circular design? Nine sub questions can be identified in the categories of the objectives. During this research an internship was followed in order to better understand the practise.

Take, make, store: take a material, make something of it, and store, in a building, ready to be reused. There are tool needed to direct this process, secure reuse in the design process, and be the link between design and supply. An example of such a tool could be the material passport.

‘Conventional’ linear design processes for example the DNR-STB 2009 often do not mention material

selection until the preliminary or final design. For circularity to be implemented in the design process certain design criteria have to be established. There are four categories in which the design criteria can be set up: design for reuse, design for leasing/service, design for longevity, and design for material recovery.

A material passport is about designing and ensuring the reusability of materials and components. In the first phase of the design this means making an inventory of available (used) materials, preferably in the vicinity of the project. Slowly during the design the passport is filled in with a selection of information which can aid with the eventual reuse of the same material. For every project there has to be determined what information is required or needed. For this may differ for different type of projects.

BIM offers real possibilities for integrating circularity and a material passport in the design process. The material passport can for example be linked to a ‘used’ material database in an intelligent material pool.

INDEX theoretical Framework

Abstract

FOREword

9

1. Objectives 14 Towards Circular Thinking 14 Project & Design 14 Integrating Circularity in BIM 15 2. Research Question 15 Thematic Research Question 15 Research Thesis 15 Overall Design Question 15 3. Boundaries and Outlines 15 Passport 15 Framework 16

Method introduction 1. Circular Thinking 11 2. Relevance 12

11

Objectives 19 1. Research Method 19 Literature 19 Research by Design 19 Internship 20 Session Contractor 20 Case Study 20 2. Design Method 20 Mapping Materials 20 Design Criteria 20

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19

Results 1. Towards Circular Thinking 23 Take, Make, Store 23 2. Circularity in Project and

Design 26 Design Process 27 Design Criteria 30 Material Passport Concept 31 3. Integrating Circularity in BIM 32 Building Information Model Software 32 Design Process in BIM 32 BIM and Circularity 34 Material Passport 35

COnclusion

23

39

1. Towards Circular Thinking 39 2. Circularity in Project and Design 39 3. Integrating Circularity in BIM 41 4. Concluding 41 5. Further Actions/Recommendations 41 Circular Economy 41 Design Process 41 Material Passport 42 BIM 42 Bouwmeester 42

aFTERWORD

45

Bibliography

47

Glossary

51

Appendices

53

Appendix A - Presentation BAM 55 Appendix B - Position Paper 64 Appendix C - Concept Material Passport 70

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Foreword Towards Circular Thinking: circularity in architecture with a material passport and BIM. A thesis on circular designing, material passport and BIM software.

This report is a part of a graduation process at the Technical University of Delft. This research report is written for the studio Architectural Engineering. It is the first part of the graduation which is follow by a design project.

There are 9,866,539 buildings in the Netherlands. 5.5% of the house, almost 6% of the stores, and on average 17% of the offices are empty (CBS, 2013). Empty buildings are everywhere. Yet they are not completely empty. In fact, the whole building, in use or not, is a database for materials. But what components and materials do they hold? With the aid of a material passport it can be determined what materials are present and whether there is a possibility to reuse certain components and materials. This report investigates the possibility of implementing a material passport in the design process and the possibility to make more sustainable and durable material choices.

The topic of circularity and the circular economy was introduced to me by Raouf Jarmo, Niel Slob, and Saman Mohammadi. They helped me to find a topic with which I could develop myself not only in theory but also in

practise. At the Technical University Delft I missed this connection to practise and the implementation of sustainability in design. Just before the start of the graduation program I came into contact with Brendan Bakker of Global Architecture. At Global Architecture circularity is the main topic in research and design. I am really grateful for the internship they offered me.

I want to thank Job SchroĂŤn for the inspirational meetings on cats, racing cars and pro cycling and Jan Jongert for the guidance during the research. Next to my main tutors I also want to thank Raouf Jarmo, Niel Slob, Saman Mohammadi and Brendan Bakker for the advice and guidance given during this research. And last I want to thank the members of Building the Circular Economy for the sessions we had on circularity.

Maikel Scholten 09.06.2015

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“Every choice a designer makes when specifying materials has an effect on resource depletion and the habitat of other living species, so knowing where materials come from is an essential design skill�

- Fuad-Luke

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Introduction This first chapter is an introduction to the research paper.

First a short description on circularity and circular thinking is given. Subsequently the relevance of this paper is briefly discussed 1. Circular Thinking

of consumption. The result is global resource depletion.

This first paragraph is about the circular economy in comparison to the current ‘conventional’ economy.

Also

mentioned

is

sustainability

Due to the linear thinking model the amount of waste that

linear

is produced is high. According to the European commission

with

twenty-five to thirty percent of the waste produced in the EU

designers, and circular thinking.

can be identified as construction or demolition waste. And most of the materials, and components that are recycled are

Empty buildings are everywhere. Yet they are not completely

actually being downcycled (McDonough & Braungart, 2003).

empty. In fact, the whole building, in use or not, is a database

They are taken apart and lose their value.

for materials. But what components and materials do they hold?

A different problem is the problem of the ignorance of the designer. Designers are still mostly unaware of the circular

In the current linear economy we take, make, use, and

economy and circular thinking. They often have a lack of

dispose. Resources are mined without thinking about the

knowledge when it comes to the composition of the used

future generations of people and animals that need to survive

materials, products or components in the design. Köhler,

on this planet. Especially in the 20th century the increasing

Bakker and Peck attribute this to the outsourcing of material

population and the simultaneous prosperity increase led to a

selection to a complex network of suppliers (Köhler, Bakker,

massive growth in the mining and usage of building materials.

& Peck, 2010). The architect, as a designer, copes with this

Research shows that it has increased by a factor of 34 since

problem of the segregation of work activities. He becomes

the beginning of the 20th century (Bastein, Roelofs, Rietveld,

depended on external parties when it comes to material

& Hoogendoorn, 2013). In 2007 the consumption rate was 1.5

selection and other activities. With this the architect loses his

times the resources this planet can produce. In the event that

most important function: aggregating all the elements into

this continues in the same way this will be 2.8 in 2050 (Pollard

one working machine (building). The consequence is that

et al., 2010). This way the earth cannot keep up with the rate

architects often do not know where the materials that are

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being used in a design come from, how sustainable they are, and if they are circular.

In Alles Wordt Totaal Anders, Niets Blijft Zoals het is, Beerda states that the problems that are occurring in the building sector are due to the long life/use cycle of buildings, ineffective leadership, and a poor organization. People and companies are afraid to change what is, in their eyes, already working fine (Beerda, 2014).

The concept of ‘Circular Economy’ refers to a new economic and industrial system in which (raw) materials and components are kept in their highest value. This means that the first step is maintenance, subsequently reuse, refurbish, and recycling [image I]. In this way the dependency on depletable resources and the amount of construction and demolition waste can be reduced. To move towards a circular economy a lot of research still has to be done. We need to realize why circular thinking needs to be the future.

2. Relevance This research is both generic and specific. The main focus of this research is to create a framework or guide for the architect. This framework is a guide to circular thinking, circular designing, the material passport, and circularity in BIM software.

There are still great opportunities in this field of research that could be investigated. This research is a small part in the broader topic of circular economy and the beginning of further research.

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Image I. From take, make, use, dispose to take, make, use, maintain/ reuse/ refubish/ recycle.

Circularity in Design

Material Passport

Specificity

The Circular Economy

BIM

Image II. Overview of the themes that are investigated during this research.

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This chapter goes deeper into the subject of circular thinking and designing. First, the objectives of this research are determined. Second, are the research and design questions, sub questions and thesis. And last, the boundaries and outlines with a short description of the framework.

1. Objectives

Preferably a building is reused as a whole. When a building

Four main objectives can be distinguished.

doesn’t meet the standards anymore often the first option

-- Towards circular thinking

considered is demolition. To preserve the intrinsic energy

-- Circularity in project and design

of the buildings components and materials a renovation or

-- Integrating circularity in BIM

redesign would be a more sustainable choice.

-- Personal growth

The first objective is on a general level. The second

material flows. It is also about creating a different vision,

objective reflects on the design. The third objective is for

a sustainable ideology for society. This is called circular

the research and design. And the last, is on a personal

thinking.

Of course circular economy is not only about money and

level. The latter will not be covered extensively in this report, for this is too subjective.

Project & Design Second, circularity in both project and design process.

Towards Circular Thinking

The most important part of this objective is doing research

The first and underlying objective of this research is moving

into setting up a framework or guide for the architect. The

towards a circular economy. As mentioned before, the

framework needs to be a guide to circular designing with the

concept of ‘Circular Economy’ refers to a new economic and

emphasis on the use of a material passport and the use of

industrial system in which (raw) materials and components

BIM software.

are reused, refurbished, and recycled instead of discarded. It

A few questions can be set up for the topic circularity in

is important to maintain the highest material value possible.

project and design:

This means upcycling not downcycling. In this way it is

-- What does a ‘conventional’ design process look like from

possible to reduce the dependency on depletable resources and reduce construction and demolition waste.

the perspective of the architect?

-- What does a possible circular design process look like?

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-- How and where can a material passport aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

context of sustainability (e.g. material passport)?

Q9: Is there a possibility to set up a (used) material database

-- What design criteria can be identified for a circular design?

in/with BIM?

-- What is the possible content of a material passport?

Research Thesis Integrating Circularity in BIM

The implementation of a material passport and BIM in

The third objective is the use of Building Information Model

the design process can lead to a more effective way of

(BIM) Software for circular designing and as an aid for

material and component reuse.

the architect. BIM is used for simulating, optimizing, and managing assets. In the case of architecture this usually is a

Overall Design Question

building or a built environment.

How can material choices with a material passport and a virtual building database help the architect with

A few questions can be set up for the topic integrating

making a circular/evolutionary (renovation) design?

circularity in BIM:

Q1: What is the role of the architect in the process of the

-- What does a design process look like with the implementation of BIM?

material passport?

Q2: How does a material passport fit into practice?

-- How can BIM aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

-- What are the possibilities or developments in BIM in the context of sustainability (e.g. material passport)?

-- Is there a possibility to set up a (used) material database in/with BIM?

3. Boundaries and outlines For

this

research

report

multiple

themes

were

investigated. These topics are the principles of the aforementioned objectives. In image II the outline of this research is illustrated. It starts from the broad topic of the circular economy. When zooming in from the

2. Research Question

circular economy there is circular designing, a material

This paragraph is divided between thematic research

passport, and lastly, the further investigation of the

and overall design. First there is the thematic research

possibilities of combining the material passport with

question with the associated sub questions. After

BIM.

these questions a thesis is stated. The sub questions are composed according to the foregoing objectives.

Passport

The questions of the overall design thesis will not be

Commonly people use the term resource passport instead

discussed extensively in this report. They are covered

of material passport. For example in the research of M.A.

more extensively in the graduation design.

Damen A Resource Passport for a Circular Economy. Damen investigated what content a resource passport needs and in

Thematic Research Question

what kind of format it should be. She did this in the field of

How can material choices and BIM help the architect in

geoscience at the University of Utrecht. Another research

making a more profitable and circular design?

was done in the field of Industrial Design Engineering by

Q1: What does a ‘conventional’ design process look like from

A. Köhler, C. Bakker and P. Peck. They however do not use

the perspective of the architect?

Q2: What does a possible circular design process look like?

Q3: How and where can a material passport aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

Q4: What design criteria can be identified for a circular design?

the term passport. De Groene Zaak is developing a resource passport 1.0.

There can be a discussion on what term to use for the passport. This mainly depends on the field in which the research is conducted. There is a variety of terms that could be used in this research. Resource passport, material

Q5: What is the possible content of a material passport?

passport, product passport, building passport, or architectural

Q6: What does a design process look like with the

passport. Due to the scale on which architects work it was

implementation of BIM? Q7: How can BIM aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

Q8: What are the possibilities or developments in BIM in the

decided to use the term material passport. Architects do not work directly on the level of resources. This level is mostly handled by suppliers. Product passport refers to all products in general and not specifically enough on architectural

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components. A building passport, in its most literal sense, can be compared to a ‘human’ passport. It tells something about the building but it does not have sufficient specification. And last, an architectural passport is also not specific enough.

Framework According to M. Rouse from the IT Standards and Organizations (Rouse, 2015) a framework is an overview or guide with instructions for setting up something useful. It is important to know that the result of this research will not be a tool for design or a sustainable assessment. There are many assessment tools available. The most popular are BREEAM, LEED, Ecological footprint, and Greencalc+ (Havinga, Colenbrander, & Schellen, 2014). Zeiler did a comparison of these four most popular assessment tools for eight different case studies (Zeiler, 2011). The result of his research was that the assessment tools are subjective. A case study could have the highest score with one tool and the lowest with the other.

This is why the assessment tools are not within the scope of this research.

The result of this research is a guidance for circular designing and material choice. Multiple aiding tools and combinations of tools for circular design are covered.

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18

Frame•work A framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a sup-port or guide for the building of something that expands the structure into something useful.

IT Standards and Organizations Glossary – M. Rouse

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METHOD This chapter explains the method of research. First the objectives are quickly stated again. Second, the research methods are defined. And third, the design methods. This last paragraph shortly states what the first steps are for the graduation design project.

Objectives

consulted for the research on the material passport are in

Four main objectives or reasons for investigating can be dis-

a different field of study. For example the study of Maayke

tinguished. These objectives are discussed in the previous

Damen: A Resource Passport for a Circular Economy (Damen,

chapter.

2012) was conducted in the field of geosciences. A different

1.

Moving towards a circular economy.

one is conducted by A.R. Köhler, C. Bakker, and P. Peck in the

2.

Circularity in both project and design process.

field of Industrial Design Engineering. Although these studies

3.

Use of BIM software for circular designing and as an

were not specifically done in the field of architecture, the in-

aiding tool for the architect.

formation is still valuable. Additional to this Damen describes

Personal growth in the circularity of architecture.

the information needs for a resource passport for designers

4.

in general.

1. Research method Literature

Research by Design

The starting point of this research was a literature study on

This report is part of the one year graduation studio of archi-

the topic of the circular economy and circular designing

tectural engineering. The majority of this report is written dur-

methods. This was done to gather background information

ing the first half year of the graduation trajectory. The second

on what is and what is needed. This was done by comparing

half year is reserved for a design. In the last chapter a design

a ‘conventional’ design process and a possible circular design

thesis and sub questions were given.

process. After this initial research the scope was narrowed to the topic of resource passports and to sustainable BIM

Overall Design Question

software solutions.

How can material choices and BIM help the architect in

For the first draft of content of the material passport several studies were consulted. All of the studies that were

making a more profitable and circular design?

Q1: What is the role of the architect in the process of the

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material passport?

Q2:  How does a material passport fit into practice?

Case Study For this research two specific projects were investigated. First, the town hall of Brummen, the Netherlands, by Thomas Rau.

The overall design thesis will not be discussed extensively in

Second, the HAKA Recycle Office in Rotterdam, the Nether-

this report. This is covered more extensively in the graduation

lands, by Doepel Strijkers. These two projects were chosen

design.

for their perspective on circularity and reuse.

Internship

2. Design Method

To aid with circular designing and to gain insight into a circu-

This paragraph will shortly explain what the first steps/

lar design process an internship was followed at Global Ar-

methods of the graduation design are.

chitecture. By doing an internship and working on projects in practice a better picture can be made of the current activities

Mapping Materials

of the architect. In addition, the right questions can be asked.

One of the first steps for the design is to make an inventory

For example: what can be improved? What is needed in order

of the current situation of the building. Because it is a circu-

to make this change? Eventually this data can be used for the

lar sustainable transformation it is important to think about

graduation design.

reuse on multiple levels. First, what is already in the building

Global Architecture is a fairly new architectural office. It is an office that has project all over the world. The projects

and how can it be reuse/redesigned. Second, what kind of material is there available in the vicinity.

they do are on a variety of scales, from a single house to a complete city region. Global Architecture is focusing on the

Design Criteria

circular economy and sustainable transformation in the de-

Prior to the start of the actual design project, design crite-

sign as well as in research.

ria have to be established. Also the circular and evolutionary

An important project in the process of the internship was an educational building in Venlo. The educational institution has several locations throughout Limburg in the Netherlands.

The project in Venlo is a sustainable transformation of an old educational building. In the process of this project the initiative was made for setting up a material passport. More information about this in the next sub paragraph.

The graduation design is a sustainable transformation of an old educational building in Roermond from the same institution as in Venlo. The assignment will look like the one in Venlo. But with its own interpretation and a different function.

Session Contractor BAM is the biggest contractor company of the Netherlands (Cobouw, 2014). BAM start to show more and more interest in circular design solutions (retaking building materials, pay per use, etc.). Together with Global Architecture and real estate bureau Reborn, BAM is working on the development and redesign of of educational buildings in Limburg.

On the twelfth of May 2015 a small session was set up with G. Meijvogel. He is a technical developer with BAM and he is working on the educational building in Venlo. The purpose of this meeting was to introduce the material passport to BAM and to the project. The results of this session are given in the next chapter. The presentation that was given that day can be found as appendix A to this report.

principles have to be set. In a later stage of the design the circular and evolutionary solutions are needed.

21

22

“As buildings are designed to be more and more energy efficient during the operational phase of the life cycle, the initial embodied energy becomes relatively more significant.�

- Havinga, Colenbrander & Schellen

23

Results The paragraphs of this chapter are set up according to the objectives that were defined in the theoretical framework.

The sub questions are divided between the objectives according to their relevance towards that subject. The first paragraph is towards circular thinking and contains the result of the more general research on circularity and circular thinking. Next to this two circular projects are mentioned.

In the second paragraph the focus lies on circularity in the project and design. It goes deeper into circular thinking, the circular design process, and the material passport. The third and last paragraph is about circularity implementation with the help of BIM software.

1. Towards circular thinking

with a resource passport. The turntoo model means that the

This paragraph can be seen as a result of the introduction

materials are kept and reused again at the end of their life

for the general research on circular economy, circular

cycle. There is no waste in the vision of turntoo. In the turntoo

thinking, and circular designing. There is no specific

model components keep the same owner throughout their life

reference to one research question.

time. Usually this is the supplier or producer. This way ninety percent of the building is demountable and can be reused in

Take, Make, Store

other projects or can be taken back by the supplier/producer

For circularity to work properly in architecture is has to both

(Hoorntje, 2013). The resource passport was set up so that

ways. From the one side it is a starting point of the design

there would be an inventory of the used components and

(design criteria). From the other side it needs to continue

material and the accompanying contractual commitments.

even after the a building (design) is gone. That means setting

The project of Brummen can be seen as a one way circular

up design criteria and a follow up plan for a design.

project. Everything is arranged for taking back the used

materials and components. But no efforts were done to

The town hall in Brummen by Thomas Rau is considered to

be a circular project. The project is designed for disassembly.

implement used or second hand materials and components.

And where possible the use of permanent connections, like

A different project is the HAKA office in Rotterdam by

glues, were avoided. In addition a resource passport was set

Doepel Strijkers. It regards a clean tech campus, or as they

up with information about the materials that were used in

call it a living lab for companies, institutions and governments

the building and the origin of those materials. Rau says the

(de Architect, 2011). Doepel Strijkers made an interior design

following about his designs: “Our building are designed as

with more or less all second hand materials and components.

‘raw material depots’ – materials are placed temporarily and

This is a supply driven approach. The HAKA Office project is

can be relocated and reused in future cycles without loss of

usually not labelled as circular. Although the design criteria

quality” (Rau, 2015). Rau used his turntoo model in combination

are very much like the principles of turntoo and Rau. The next

24

Image

Image IV. (Bottom left) The

Image V. (Top right) The wooden

Image VI. (Bottom right) Some

wooden

is

interior elements are made out

of the separating walls are

design by Thomas Rau. Image

completely demountable. And

of second hand material and

made out of old clothing from a

by

http://

the reception desk is made

are designed with very simple

nearby textile factory.

www.bamutiliteit sbouw.nl/

out of cardboard. Image by

detailing. This way unskilled

projecten/her-en-verbouw-

Rau

people were able to help with

gemeentehuis-brummen

bamutiliteitsbouw.nl/projecten/

Hall

III. of

Rau

(Top

left)

Brummen.

Town

Circular

Architects.

construction

Architects.

http://www.

the construction

25

26

paragraph will elaborate more on the topic of design criteria

advantage of disassembly instead of demolition. An example

in circular designing.

is A van Liempd, a demolition company in the Netherlands.

In contrast to the town hall in Brummen the HAKA office

In addition to their demolition activities they collect (re)

project was completely made out of used second-hand

usable components and materials and bring them back to

material. However, a plan for reuse or the return of materials,

the market for a competitive price. A Liempd worked together

like in Brummen was not made. The ambition is to combine

with the province of Limburg and Re Use Materials BV on a

these two methods of Brummen and HAKA and implement

sustainable demolition protocol. They plead for a demolition

them into one project. This means a circular project in taking,

funding for all the participating actors in a demolition project.

storing, offering the materials back to the market.

Recommendations are made on how materials need to be

In the previous sub paragraph two terms were used:

offered again. For example, that the released materials need

taking and storing materials. These are derived from the

to keep their highest intrinsic value possible, the materials

aforementioned description of the current linear economy:

should be reused within the region and that this is the

take, make, use and dispose. A new sequence can be inferred

responsibility of the involved demolition company. As an

from the perspective of the architect for a circular design

option for the storage of materials, contractors, demolition

approach: take, make, store. Take a component or material,

companies and recyclers are mentioned (Re-Use Material BV,

make something ‘new’ of it, and store the ‘new’ component

2014). A different way to reuse components and materials is via

in a building. More on this in the next paragraph (design

the supplier or producer. These parties take the components

process) The question here is how? First, how can an architect

and materials back refurbish them and implement them into

find materials and which can be reused? Second, how can

new components. For this option, there has to be specifically

an architect reuse these materials and components? Third,

chosen for a circular product supplier. Otherwise concrete

how can these ‘new’ materials and components be stored for

agreements must be made, for instance in the form of a

future reuse, for instance with the use of a material passport?

contractual assurance.

There are several possibilities to re-offer and store

A material passport can be the link between the product

materials and components. There are already initiatives in

(building), design process, and the supply. To set up a

setting up digital used material databases. One example is

framework for the use of a material passport and the use

the ‘Oogstkaart’ or Harvestmap by Superuse Studios. The

of BIM as an aid, first it must be clear where in the design

Harvestmap database shows what materials are available and

process these tools can be of most service. Second, criteria in

where they are available on a map (J. Jongert et al., 2014). By

terms of circular designing have to be established. The same

offering the material information on a map a better assessment

has to be done for the material passport in specific.

can be made regarding transport and the accompanying CO2 emissions. A seconds example is the Woodguide. This database focusses less on the offering and reuse of materials

2. Circularity in project and design

in specific but more on the sustainability and circularity of the

This paragraph goes deeper into circular designing and

general material type. The online database was initiated as a

the material passport. The first step is the comparison of

research project by Upstyle Industries in collaboration with

‘conventional’ design processes with a circular design

Superuse Studios (Upstyle Industries, 2015). Woodguide not

process. The structure of both design processes are

only gives information about different types of wood but also

briefly discussed. And a possible implementation of a

on connecting, and finishing the wood. For every material the

material passport is given. The second step is setting up

life cycle and the pros and cons are schematically described.

the design criteria. The third step is about setting up the

Additionally some references and alternatives are listed.

material passport for architecture.

In their research Köhler, Bakker and Peck recommend

a transparent material information database. This database

The corresponding sub questions are:

need to hold all the scarcity and sustainability related

Q1: What does a ‘conventional’ design process look like from

information of materials. For example, information about

the perspective of the architect?

application areas of critical elements, inventory of components

Q2: What does a possible circular design process look like?

that rely on critical materials, information about recyclability,

Q3: How and where can a material passport aid with the

possible alternatives, and basic design guidelines (Köhler et al., 2010). Next to a digital database there is also the option of a physical database. Demolition companies can see the

material choice in a circular design process?

Q4: What design criteria can be identified for a circular design?

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Q5: What is the possible content of a material passport?

Dutch Architect (BNA) and NLingenieurs formerly known as ONRI. It holds a ten phase standard job description for

Design Process

architectural projects.

Q1: What does a ‘conventional’ design process look like from the perspective of the architect?

1. Initiative/Feasibility

Q2: What does a possible circular design process look like?

2. Project Definition

Q3: How and where can a material passport aid with the

3. Structure Design

material choice in a circular design process?

4. Preliminary Design 5. Final Design

The activities of an architect in a design process are difficult to

6. Technical Design

distinguish precisely. Each architect has a different approach

7. Pricing and Contract Formation

when it comes to designing. And often the same phases are

8. Implementation/Implementation Ready Design

worded slightly different. This makes describing a design

9. Implementation/Management

process very subjective. Nevertheless a lot of design process

10. Use/Operation

descriptions can be found.

In the standard condition 1997 legal relationship between

A disadvantage of these processes is that the materials

client and architect SR1997 (Standaard voorwaarden

are often chosen after a design is made. It would be more

Rechtsverhouding opdrachtgever – architect) it is stated that

sustainable to make a general inventory of supply in the first

there are five phases an architect has to follow when designing.

phase and then make a design with what is available.

Preliminary design, final design, construction planning, pricing

A completely different process description is from

and contract formation , and implementation and completion

Doepel Strijkers. They describe the ‘conventional’ process as:

(BNA, 1997). In Regulating the Relationship Between Client

program of uses, design process, tender, purchase material,

and Engineering consultant (Regeling van de verhouding

and implementation by contractor (Doepel Strijkers, 2011).

tussen opdrachtgever en adviserend ingenieursbureau

From the four ‘conventional’ design processes and based on

RVOI-2001) the model of SR1997 is developed more in the

the design process of Doepel Strijkers HAKA Recycle Office a

implementation phase. The shortcoming of these models

first circular design process was made [image IX]:

are that they start with the draft or preliminary design. In the RVOI-2001 model this is preceded only by a research

1. Procurement of Assessment

phase which is not further specified. In the design process

2. Defining Conditions

description of BuildLLC this is taken one step further with a

3. Inventory of Supply

more extensive first research phase [image VII]. The design

4. Draft Design

process of BuildLLC starts with an initial discussion or the

5. Preliminary Design

acquisition of the project. Next is the gathering of information

6. Final Design

and documentation of all relevant data. This includes the

7. Detailed Production Design + Material Procurement

excising situation and the goals and needs of the client.

8. Implementation (Contractor)

Third is the start of the design with a schematic design and

9. Usage

a feasibility analysis. The next step is to develop the design

10. Re-phase

more towards the permit documentation. This also includes defining the materials that are going to be used. After this the

This circular design process includes an inventory of (material)

construction documents are made and the permit is acquired.

supply in the first documentation phase of the design and

After the permit is approved the contractor is selected. Finally

a reuse (store) phase at the end of the buildings life cycle.

the construction is started.

When working with used materials in a design process this

The SR1997 was mainly used by architects but is already

process has to be flexible enough to adapt to the availability

outdated. The model is also rejected by the EU because of

of the materials. A part of the materials can be available at the

an unlawful honorarium tool. RVOI-2001 is often used by

start of the process or all the way at the end. That is why in the

constructors. The DNR-STB 2009 (De Nieuwe Regeling -

circular design process of image IX the inventory of supply is

Standaard Taak Beschrijving) is a successor of SR1997 and

all the way from the defining phase to the implementation.

RVOI-2001. It can best be compared with the BuildLLC

In the ‘conventional’ design process the reuse of materials

model. DNR-STB 2009 was made by the Royal Institute of

and the accompanying management are not addressed at

28

Briefing

A

‘Conventional’ design process SR1997

B

‘Conventional’ design process RVOI-2001

Research

Design

Construction Planning

Construction

Preliminary Design

Final Design

Construction Planning

Pricing & Contract Formation

Implementation and Completion

Draft/ Preliminary Design

Final Design

Specification

Pricing & Contract Formation

Construction

Building

Maintenance/ Waranty

Completion

C

‘Conventional’ design process

by Build LLC

Initial Discussion /Aquisition

Existing Situation

Draft/ Preliminary Design

Material Choice

Gathering Information/ Documentation

Schematic Design Feasibility

Design Development & Permit Doc.

Construction doc. & Permit Acqu.

Contractor Selection

Construction Administration

Preliminary Design

Final Design

Technical Design

Pricing and Constract Formation

Implementation Ready Design

Goals/Needs

D

‘Conventional’ design process

by DNR-STB 2009

Project Definition

Initiative/ Feasibility

Structure Design

E

Image

Design process with BIM by Crotty (2012)

VII.

(Top

Appraisal

left)

four

Design Brief

Implementation Management

Concept

Design Development

Technical Design

Production Information

Tendering

Image IIX. (Top right) Simplified

Image IX. (Bottom right) A

‘conventional’ design processes.

material and data flow analysis

representation of a circular

The SR1997, HVOI-2001, DNR

of a circular building process.

design

BuildLLC, and DNR-STB 2009.

Yellow is the material flow. Dark

the design process of Doepel

grey is the data flow. Every cycle

Strijkers of the HAKA Recycle

represents a different building

Office.

process Existing Situation

Draft/ Preliminary Design

Material Choice

process.

Based

on

Use/Operation

29 Con

Resources

stru Wa tion ste

Supplier

Construction

Archit ect

Contractor

in nta Mai

e ) ag Us lding ui (b

gn

si

De

tive Initia

Da t (B aba IM se )

End

t

Clien

-of-L

ife

time

sis

aly

An

(d

em Inve o. nto co ry m pa ny

bly

em

ass

Dis

)

ion

uct

str

n eco

D

Bu Oth ild er in g M Use at d er ial

n

io uct str e n o t c De Was

Other Buildin g Data

Data Material

procurement of assignment

design process

inventory of supply detailed production design

defining conditions

material acquisition

design draft

time

implementation (contractor)

preliminary

final

product usage

maintain reuse

recycle refabricate

30

all. For this to be incorporated the architect needs to reserve additional time in the design process. This would mean

Design Criteria

extra time at the beginning of the process for Inventory

Q4: What design criteria can be identified for a circular

and at the end of the project for maintaining. According to

design?

Addis this would lead to additional liability on the side of the

Specific design criteria should be set in order to make a

architect. One way to solve this problem is to introduce a

circular design. According to RSA Action and Research

new actor which works closely with the architect and has the

Centre four design models can be distinguished for circular

responsibility of inventory, testing, purchasing, and delivering

designing (RSA, 2013).

the used materials (Addis, 2006).

A ‘conventional’ design process with linear thinking can

1. Design for reuse

be divided, just like the linear economy in chapter one, into

Designing for reuse where components and materials can be

take, make, use and dispose when it comes to materials. The

redistributed, reused or re manufactured. With this model the

only difference is the shifting sequence. From the perspective

focus lies on keeping as much intrinsic value as possible.

of the architect this would mean: first, making a design

2. Design for leasing/service

(make). Second, searching for materials which can be used

Designing with product, components and materials which are

in the design (take). Third, the usage of the materials in the

leased as an alternative for buying and ownership. Consumer

construction phase (use), and fourth, the termination of all

behaviour changes with an increasing demand for flexibility.

interaction with the materials (dispose).

Additionally is the emergence of the aforementioned digital

As said before a new sequence can be inferred from the

databases which enable the sharing of services.

perspective of the architect for the design process: take, make,

3. Design for longevity

store. Take a component or material, make something ‘new’

Long life span designing, which can be extended by

of it, and store the ‘new’ component in a building. A material

upgrading, maintaining and repairing.

passport can then be used in the take and store phase. Where

4. Design for material recovery

in the take phase material passports of previous buildings

This is the least sustainable method. This means designing

are used to find materials and components. And in the phase

the building for material recycling and recovery.

of storing the material passport acts as an inventory so that the components and materials can be maintained and reused

These four models can form the basis of the design criteria.

more efficiently.

For example, the town hall of Brummen was designed

A building process is a combination of all the processes

according to model one, two, and four; reuse, leasing/service,

that occur during the life-cycle of the building. Haugen and

and material recovery. For the graduation design it is the most

Hansen describe three general phases: briefing, design,

interesting to look at models one and two. These two models

and production (Moum, 2008). Image [IX] shows a circular

make the most interesting combination between circularity

building process where every cycle is a new building process.

and design.

It shows how the material and data from a project or building

can be reused. In a circular design and building process not

Recycle Offices project. The nine criteria design criteria

only the material itself is reused, also the data accompanying

should lead to the sustainable reuse of components and

the material is being reused. Especially when dealing with

materials (Doepel Strijkers, 2011).

Doepel Strijkers Drew up nine criteria for their HAKA

a material passport. The material en data from an end-oflife building can be the starting point of a different building.

In order for this type of process to work, agreements about the maintenance of the data have to be made. This could, for instance be done by the contractor, the client itself, a third

1. ‘Supply’ driven process, available materials determine objects.

2. Design objects based on the intrinsic qualities of the materials.

party, or the architect.

3. Limit the amount of material used.

De groene Zaak is developing a material passport 1.0. In their

4. Limit the amount of waste produced.

approach components are equipped with a bar code and

5. Limit the use of technical handling’s.

are put into a Resource Identity Tag System (RITS). The bar

6. Limit the use of fixatives.

codes correspond with a document in an online standardized

7. Design simple details that can easily be repeated by

system which works within every sector and is completely transparent (de Groene Zaak, 2013).

unskilled labour.

8. Do not erase the history of the material.

31

9. Design for disassembly in the future

by A. Köhler, C. Bakker and P. Peck in the field of Industrial Design Engineering (Köhler et al., 2010).

Based on the two selected models of RSA, the nine design

In her research Damen identifies twenty-five unique

criteria from the HAKA Recycle Office and the design task

information points. These points indicate what information

of the educational building in Roermond, nine design criteria

needs to be exchanged for all the different actors. Five

were drawn up:

categories can be distinguished in the study of Damen: scarcity, mining, product, company and technology (Damen,

1. Design objects based on the intrinsic qualities of the materials

2012). The following ten information point are assigned by Damen to designers in general:

2. Make use of the existing structure building structure.

3. At least fifty percent of the materials used for the design are second hand/used 4. Do not erase the history of the material 5. Limit the use of technical handling’s

1. Material scarcity on the short/medium/ long term 2. Price and supply dependency 3. Current

and

future

scarcity-related

legislative

requirements

6. Limit the use of fixatives

4. Content and composition of products

7. Design for disassembly and reusability

5. Characteristics

a. Separation in building layers [for more information

6. Position of scarcity within a company

concerning the matter of building layers see appendix B]

7. Market demand

b. Modular systems

8. Guidelines for dealing with trade-offs that result from

c. Prefabrication

substitution or elimination of critical elements

8. Preferably design with local materials

9. Best available production technologies

9. Implementation of a material passport

10. Best available technologies for end-of-life system

The expectations are that the combination of criteria three

Köhler, Bakker and Peck take a different approach. They

and eight will be difficult to achieve. The existing network or

first looked at how design engineers work in practice. From

database in its current state is possibly not extensive enough

this they concluded that there are difficulties in making

to provide the fifty percent used material stated. There are

substantiated decisions regarding sustainable design. This

two focus points in the design project. First on how new,

would be due to three things: first, often there is too little

circular components and materials can be reoffered in the

knowledge about what the specifics of materials are and

best way possible. Second, on the implementation of used

where they come from. Second, the overview on the fate of

material on elements of the building, for instance on ‘special’

the materials, after the life cycle of the building, is missing.

architectural points.

And third, the is no awareness of potential sustainable and renewable alternatives (Köhler et al., 2010). From these three

Material Passport Concept

points Köhler, Bakker, and Peck globally determined what kind

Q5: What is the possible content of a material passport?

of information a material passport must be able to offer. This

A material passport is about designing and ensuring the

information can be summarized in five categories: application,

reusability of components and materials. It is an aid for

assessment, information, alternatives, and guidelines.

the architect to make (more) sustainable material choices

An over abundance of information can occur when

in the design. A material passport provides information on

drawing up a material passport. This has to be avoided at

availability, durability, scarcity, sustainability, and recyclability

all times. For this will only cause a distraction from the core

of materials, elements, and systems. The architect can

of business. For example, Damen has drawn out twenty-

therefore better substantiate and support the made choices,

five point which are all interesting points to investigate; ten

towards the contractor and client.

points specifically for designers. But for the building industry it is more interesting to pick fewer point. Allowing the real

The first version of the material passport is composed after

necessity of information points to be maintained and further

studying existing resource passport research in different

elaborated on (Mentink & Houben, 2014).

fields of research. There were two studies that stood out. The

A concept version of a material passport was drawn up for

first is from M. Damen. This study was done in the field of

the project of an educational building in Venlo. This was done

Geoscience (Damen, 2012). The second one was conducted

after a session with the contractor. The concept information

32

point are compiled taking into consideration Damens research

Q9: Is there a possibility to set up a (used) material database

and the five categories of Köhler, Bakker, and Peck. For the

in/with BIM?

project of the educational buildings in Venlo and Roermond in particular it is important that the components and materials

Building Information Model Software

can easily be redistributed

(flexible) across the various

In about ten years time Building Information Software or BIM

locations of the institution. This means that precise model

software has become a highly advanced design assisting

and type, service life, current state, and current application

and building regulating tool. It is being used by managers,

are important to document. By adding the composition to

designers, design engineers, contractors, specialists, building

the list, maintenance and redesign can be done easier and

owners, and more actors. Companies are starting to see

more sustainable. Finally the contractual assurance is added.

the benefits of BIM and make the switch from 2D CAD to

This is information about how the product was purchased.

3D/2D BIM. According to van Gaalen this is due to three

For example, the guarantee from the supplier or producer

things. First, there is an increasing focus on the life-cycle

of buying the product back, or pay per use. The following

of buildings; how does a building change and adapt to its

points are included in the material passport for the education

users, and what happens when the building no longer meets

building in Venlo:

the requirements? Second, the ever closing gap between the digital and physical world. An increasing number of work can

1. Supplier/Producer + Model/type

be done digitally. And third, there is an increasing amount

2. Origin of the materials/product

of work that requires working with big data or information

3. Initial life span

clouds. This means working with different datasets. In BIM

4. Composition of the product

all the datasets can be integrated into one model. (Gaalen

5. Application in the building (e.g. location)

van, 2014).

6. Current state 7. Contractual assurance

Design Process in BIM Q6: What does a design process look like with the

Appendix C shows the first version of the material passport

implementation of BIM?

for the project of the educational building in Venlo. For this

Q7: How can BIM aid with the material choice in a circular

first version it has been chosen to use Excel as the medium.

design process?

As a first version this is fine. Although for further continuation

Research has shown that when BIM is used correctly

of the material passport in the project it has to be linked to

and to its full potential in the design process it leads to a

media that can change with the design/building. A possibility

higher quality of drawings, a better productivity of team

is BIM.

members, reduced schedule time and model rework, and to the possibility to utilize the model further (e.g. service/ maintaining/etc.) (Hill, 2012).

3. Integrating circularity in BIM

This paragraph is the result of the research on BIM

previous paragraph and in image VII. With the implementation

software and circularity from the perspective of the

of BIM software we slowly shift towards a model-based

architect. First is a small introduction on what is

design process where the design and construction phase are

a Building Information Model (BIM). Second is a

intertwined (Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr, & Huber, 2012). This

description of a design process in BIM. And final, are

is called the design-build approach. The first model of image

some possibilities to implement circularity in and with

XI shows a design process with BIM by Crotty. It has the

BIM.

same phases as the previous ‘conventional’ processes. The

A conventional design process without BIM is shown in the

second model of image XI is a design process by Hill which is The corresponding sub questions are:

projected on the ‘conventional’ process of BuildLLC. Although

Q6: What does a design process look like with the

the structure of the design process with BIM is almost equal

implementation of BIM?

to the ‘conventional processes there is a shift in work load.

Q7: How can BIM aid with the material choice in a circular

design process?

effect of a ‘conventional’ design process in comparison to a

Q8: What are the possibilities or developments in BIM in the

design process with the implementation of BIM. The y-axis

context of sustainability (e.g. material passport)?

shows the amount of effort and effect. The x-axis describes

The graph of image X shows the amount and effort and

33

B

‘Conventional’ design process RVOI-2001

Research

Draft/ Preliminary Design

Final Design

Specification

Pricing & Contract Formation

Effort / Effect

Possibility to influence cost/quality

C

‘Conventional’ design process

by Build LLC

Initial Discussion /Aquisition

Construction

Cost of design change Completion

Existing Situation

Draft/ Preliminary Design

Gathering Information/ Documentation

Schematic Design Feasibility

BIM design process

Maintenance/ Waranty

Material Choice

‘conventional’ Design design process

Development & Permit Doc.

Construction doc. & Permit Acqu.

Contractor Selection

Construction Administration

Goals/Needs

D

Preliminary Design

‘Conventional’ design process

by DNR-STB 2009

Initiative/ Feasibility

Final DesignProject Definition

Technical Design Preliminary Design

Price Setting

Final Design

Implementation Technical Design

Exploitation

Pricing and Constract Formation

Implementation Ready Design

Image X. Graph of the differences between a ‘conventional and BIM

Structure Design

Implementation Management

Briefing

E A

Design process ‘Conventional’ with BIM by design process Crotty (2012) SR1997

B

‘Conventional’ design process RVOI-2001

F

Design process with BIM, based on Hill (2012) projected on a ‘conventional’ process

Appraisal

Initial Discussion /Aquisition

Design

Construction Planning

Construction

Design Brief

Preliminary Concept Design

Final Design Design Development

Construction Technical Design Planning

Pricing & Contract Production Formation Information

Implementation andTendering Completion

Existing Research Situation

Draft/ Draft/ Preliminary Preliminary Design Design

Final Material Design Choice

Specification

Pricing & Contract Formation

Construction

Gathering Information/ Documentation

Schematic Design Feasibility

Design Development & Permit Doc.

Construction doc. & Permit Acqu.

Contractor Selection

Construction Completion Administration

Determine BIM Usage

Schematic Model

Project Parameters

Existing Situation

Draft/ Preliminary Design

Material Choice

Gathering Information/ Documentation

Schematic Design Feasibility

Design Development & Permit Doc.

implemented

design

processUse/Operation (Spekkink, 2012).

Building

Maintenance/ Waranty

Goals/Needs

C

‘Conventional’ design process

by Build LLC

Initial Discussion /Aquisition

Detailed Design

Image XI. Two design processes with the implementation of Construction doc. & Permit Acqu.

Contractor Selection

Construction Administration

BIM. The first process by Crotty.

The second, a process by Hill projected on the process of

Goals/Needs

BuildLLC.

34

a building from preliminary design until the exploitation.

within the software itself. There are however possibilities for

From the top left to bottom right is the line that shows the

developing own elements or obtaining more elements from

possibility to influence the cost and quality of the design.

different manufactures and model databases. In the sub

from bottom left to to right is the line that shows the costs of

paragraph ‘Material Passport’ there is more about ‘used’

design changes. The advantage of a BIM implemented design

material databases in combination with BIM.

process is that most work can be done when the influence of cost and quality is high and the cost of changes is low. This

BIM and Circularity

also means that changes that need to be made at the end

BIM gives the possibility to take a building model one step

of the process can be done very easily without making extra

further than just a 3D representation. A BIM model can

costs.

feature geometry, geographical information, inventory and

In BIM there are the so called LOD levels. There are

properties, element and building cost, project schedule, and

five LOD levels which relate to model elements. LOD100,

much more. BIM can provide guidance during the complete

200, 300, 400, and 500. Levels are not associated with the

life cycle of a building and function as a design tool as well.

before mentioned design phases. LOD can be defined in

(Gardezi, Shafiq, Faris, & Khamidi, 2013).

two ways. First as “Level of Development”. And second as

“ Level of Detail”. Level of Detail indicates how detailed the

entire chain, this is called chain integration. This way BIM

information and the visual model is. However it does not say

becomes a tool for the entire chain. Research has been done

anything about the usability and reliability of the model. The

on the possibility of linking sustainable assessment tools

term Level of Development was first introduced as a way to

such as BREEAM and LEED. BREEAM for instance tests

be able to determine the finality of the costs of an element in

the model on nine points of sustainability and links that to

BIM. After this the American Institute of Architecture (AIA)

a certain score. A design gets valued after energy, health,

wanted this term to be applicable on every aspect of BIM.

management, materials, transport, waste, water, pollution,

They came up with the new term Level of Development.

and land use/ecology. With this method design criteria can

The AIA describes it as: “The minimum dimensional, spatial,

be established prior to the design. In the current available

quantitative, qualitative, and other data included in a model

versions of different BIM software all of these points can be

element to support the authorized uses associated with such

measured (Itannex, 2014). Other developments in BIM are

LOD.” (BIMForum, 2013). Level of Detail is about the input

towards recycling and preventing harmful material usage

and the information while Level of Development is about

(Gaalen van, 2014). An example of this is Life Cycle Analysis

reliability and applicability. For example, the appearance of

(LCA). A LCA describes the environmental impact of the life

an object is just one piece of information, a contractor does

cycle of an object. In the case of architecture this could be the

not necessarily need this information. But the contractor does

entire building or specific components or materials.

need to know the specific model and type to order the object.

This is all determined in the Level of Development.

actor in the building process has access to the BIM software

and every actor can provide something to it. From climate

The information specification of the five LOD levels can

be seen as:

To bring circularity in BIM it has to be extended to the

Chain integration is the future of BIM software. Every

design to construction design, and from sustainability till circularity. From this research it is most interesting to look at

LOD100: A thing

the possibilities of linking a material passport and a (used)

LOD200: A thing of approximately this size

material database to BIM. There is more on this In the next

LOD300: The thing has these specific functions and options

sub paragraph.

LOD400: It is this particular thing LOD500: It is this particular thing, purchased from this company on this date.

Material Passport Q8: What are the possibilities or developments in BIM in the context of sustainability (e.g. Material Passport)?

The purpose of the levels is that it tells actors what

Q9: Is there a possibility to set up a (used) material database

information is, or should be available and reliable. In other

in/with BIM?

words the security of a specific model element is determined

In a ‘conventional’ design process materials are often chosen

(Mcphee, 2013). All kind of information can be added to

when a large part of the design is already made. With BIM the

all the elements in BIM. Usually some basic elements (e.g.

workload shifts towards the beginning of the design process

Walls, roofs, floors, furniture, light fixtures, etc.) are included

and additionally the design phase is getting intertwined with

35

the constructional phase. This means that BIM is not only

materials they recover from different project. This example

used as a developing tool but also as a design tool. In the

shows the possibilities of implementing used materials in

first paragraph of this chapter ‘Towards Circular Thinking’

the vicinity of the project. The next step here might be the

the terms take, make, and store are discussed. If these are

possibility to reserve materials for the design after a small

reflected on the BIM implemented design process it becomes

payment The when the design is in its final stages the physical

clear that BIM works mostly in the phases of make and

component or material can be bought in full.

store. In order to close the cycle the material passport and

a material database can be introduced in BIM. This way a

the model itself [see example Tally]. From the beginning of

selection of ‘general’ materials can be made at the beginning

a design it is possible to develop the model and specify the

of the design. This would then be a conceptual selection of

components and materials as the design develops. In image

the materials.

XIV there are two components of a building design. This view

Because there are different kind of BIM software available

comes from Graphisoft Archicad. The two components are

agreements must be made. First, on the format and file type

specified according to the basic information needs but more

of the material passport, and second, on the actor responsible

can be added in the event that it is necessary. In the previous

for the maintenance of the data. This could, for instance be

paragraph possible passport information needs are stated.

done by the contractor, the client itself, a third party, or the

These three images show that there are ways to integrate a

architect. The owner of an element in BIM is also referred to

material passport and database to BIM.

as the Model Element Author (MEA). This is important when

multiple actors work in one model Only the MEA can change

be used at the beginning of a design to make an inventory

the properties of that specific element. Of course when the

of possible material and components that are available,

model is final and delivered to the client these privileges

preferably in the vicinity of the project. Second, towards the

disappear or can be transfered.

end of the design process to make an inventory of what

The user has the choice to take the BIM model and the

materials and components are actually going to be used.

associated data and place it under its own management.

Third, as a building assisting material information tool. And

Here the user has the possibility to outsource the BIM model

fourth, as a tool for reuse of the material of that building; a

and the material passport for the building in question to other

way to reoffer the materials to the market.

external parties. For example, when setting up a co-operation with a climate expert for a complete building regulation system. The advantage of the material passport is then that all the properties of the used components and materials, in the field of climate, can be found and implemented easily.

This would mean that there has to be some kind of controlling factor which checks the reliability of the material passport in combination with the building.

Images XII to XIV show examples of (possible)

combinations of a material passport and database in BIM software. The first image XII is a model from Autodesk Revit.

The first step in this image is the Revit building model. In the second step Tally pulls all the material information out of the Revit model. The third step is an imported database, in this case an LCA database. The fourth and last step is generating reports on sustainable material and environmental impact.

Image XIII is a fictional example of the possibility to link a used material database to BIM. In this case Revit was used as the basic model and the Oogstkaart as an add in. Next to the Oogstkaart it is possible to use an intelligent material pool (IMP) (Braungart, 2002). This pool is set up and maintained by one or a cooperation of multiple companies. The idea is that the companies take materials from the pool and fill it with

In BIM it is possible to make an inventory directly from

BIM in combination with a material passport will first

36

Image XII. (Top left) Revit model

Image XIII. (Top right) Example

Image

with the implementation of

of the implementation of the

Product specification example

TallyŠ a LCA app for BIM. Image

Oogstkaart database in Revit.

of

from com.

www.kierantimberlake.

in

XIV.

(Bottom

right)

two types of windows Archicad.

The

general

information has to be filled in once. The implementation data is automatically produced according to the model.

37

Harvest map, Netherlands

A

B

D C

E

38

“With identity comes value�

- Saman Mohammadi

39

CONCLUSION This research began with the most broad topic of the circular economy. After this the scope was narrowed down to circular designing, material passport, and lastly BIM. In the conclusion this same sequence is maintained. The last paragraph of this chapter states the recommendations and the further actions or steps that can be taken from this research on.

How can material choices and BIM help the architect in

no used materials were implemented. The combination of

making a more profitable and circular design?

these two projects form a good basis for the graduation

Q1: What does a ‘conventional’ design process look like from

design project in Roermond.

the perspective of the architect?

The way to reuse components and materials is through

Q2: What does a possible circular design process look like?

taking, making and storing. Take a (used) component, make

Q3: How and where can a material passport aid with the

(design) something new, and store the component in a

material choice in a circular design process?

Q4: What design criteria can be identified for a circular design?

building. The building is a material database. The taking of materials can be done with the help of a database. An example is the Oogstkaart or Harvest map. A material passport can

Q5: What is the possible content of a material passport?

assist with the effective storage and inventory of components

Q6: What does a design process look like with the

and materials.

implementation of BIM? Q7: How can BIM aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

Q8: What are the possibilities or developments in BIM in the context of sustainability (e.g. Material passport)?

Q9: Is there a possibility to set up a (used) material database in/with BIM?

2. Circularity in project and design Q1: What does a ‘conventional’ design process look like from the perspective of the architect?

Each architect has a different approach when it comes to designing. This makes describing a design process very subjective. Nevertheless there are models which describe a design process. One model that is often used by architect

1. Towards circular thinking

is the DNR-STB 2009. This model is composed by the Royal

The HAKA Recycle Office is sustainable and almost circular,

Institute of Dutch Architect and describes 10 phases:

because of the implementation of used materials. However in the project there is no mentioning of taking back or reusing

1. Initiative/Feasibility

the materials at the end of life of the office. For the town hall

2. Project Definition

of Brummen this is the other way around. Ninety percent of

3. Structure Design

the building is demountable and reusable. But in this project

4. Preliminary Design

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5. Final Design 6. Technical Design

Q4: What design criteria can be identified for a circular design?

7. Pricing and Contract Formation

In order to make a circular design certain design criteria have

8. Implementation/Implementation Ready Design

to be set. Four categories can be identified when working with

9. Implementation/Management

a circular design: design for reuse, design for leasing/service,

10. Use/Operation

design for longevity, and design for material recovery. Based on a selection of these four models and on the graduation

It is notable that often there is no mention of specific materials

design project in Roermond, nine design criteria have been

until the preliminary or final design.

set up specifically for the project in Roermond:

Q2: What does a possible circular design process look like?

1. Design objects based on the intrinsic qualities of the

Just like a ‘conventional’ linear design process there is not

materials

just one description of a circular design process. Based on

2. Make use of the existing structure building structure.

the design process of the HAKA Recycle Office by Doepel

3. At least fifty percent of the materials used for the design

Strijkers and the ‘conventional’ design processes a possible circular design process is put together.

are second hand/used 4. Do not erase the history of the material 5. Limit the use of technical handling’s

1. Procurement of Assessment

6. Limit the use of fixatives

2. Defining Conditions

7. Design for disassembly and reusability

3. Inventory of Supply 4. Draft Design

a. Separation in building layers [for more information about building layer see appendix B]

5. Preliminary Design

b. Modular systems

6. Final Design

c. Prefabrication

7. Detailed Production Design + Material Procurement

8. Preferably design with local materials

8. Implementation (Contractor)

9. Implementation of a material passport

9. Usage 10. Re-Phase

The expectations are that the combination of criteria three and eight will be difficult to achieve due to limitations of

This process describes the general phases of a possible

current tools.

circular design process where (used) materials are taken from the market and reoffered after use. The specific actions

Q5: What is the possible content of a material passport?

of the phases vary for every project or architect.

According to Damen there are 10 information point a resource passport for designers should hold. Kohler, Bakker and Peck

Q3: How and where can a material passport aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

define five categories of information: application, assessment, information, alternatives, and guidelines. From these five

To integrate circular thinking and the material passport in the

points and the information needs that Damen put together,

design they should be taken into account from the beginning

seven material passport information points were set up for

of the design process. A material passport must be seen as

the graduation design project in Roermond:

a tool that is gradually filled in during the design process.

This starts at the beginning with a inventory of materials

1. Supplier/Producer + Model/type

which can possibly be used. For this material passports of

2. Origin of the materials/product

other buildings/projects or a database is required. The pass-

3. Initial life span

port stays linked to the building when it is being used. Here

4. Composition of the product

there are possibilities to extract the material qualities from

5. Application in the building (e.g. location)

the materials that where used and set up a complete build-

6. Current state

ing regulation system. This could for example be done with

7. Contractual assurance

the help of BIM software. More on this in the sub paragraph Circularity in BIM.

An over abundance of information has to be avoided at all times. This will direct the focus of the main point which is the

41

possibility for easier reuse.

a database system where components and materials can be stored and taken. This pool, for instance, could consist

3. Integrating circularity in BIM

of building companies, contractors, architects, demolition

Q6: What does a design process look like with the

companies, the municipality, etc. A second promising

implementation of BIM?

development is the concept of the Harvestmap of superuse

With the implementation of BIM we slowly shift towards a

studios. In combination with BIM this tool would address

model-based design process. In the process the design and

multiple levels of sustainable thinking. First, reuse and

construction phase are getting closer to each other. This is

reoffering material. Second, the ability of using materials and

called the design-build approach. The design process with

component from the vicinity of the project.

BIM has great similarities with the ‘conventional’ processes.

The difference is that the phases have more overlap which

4. Concluding

each other. Or can even be done at the same time. This be-

How can material choices and BIM help the architect in

cause of chain integration. Very actor can access the model

making a more profitable and circular design?

and can make a contribution to it. BIM in the design process

This research was focused on circularity in architecture. In

leads to higher quality of drawings, a better productivity of

specific circular material use and the use of BIM software.

team members, reduced schedule time and model rework,

The first step was to find out what circularity was. Then how

and to the possibility to utilize the model further.

it fits in the design process. And last, how can an architect implement circularity in the design.

Q7: How can BIM aid with the material choice in a circular design process?

Circularity in materials is most effective when it is taken into account from the start. There are various models availa-

BIM is used as a design, inventory, and analysis tool. It has

ble that capture the layout of a design process. The first step

many possibilities for extending the basic reach of the soft-

usually is an analysis or documentation of the existing. In this

ware. One possibility is LCA or Life Cycle Analysis. This anal-

step great progress on the level of material can be made by

ysis tool, that can be used as a plug-in in BIM, describes the

looking at what can be reused from the current/existing situ-

environmental impact of different materials and components.

ation; the inventory of supply. Besides looking at the existing

By consulting this tool more sustainable material choices can

situation it is also possible to look at materials that are fre-

be made. A different example is analysis climate changes in

quently available in the area. All the material choices made in

the building and adapting the materials for a better result. A

the first phases can form the basic principles of the design. In

different possibility is the combination with a database, a IMP

these steps ‘used’ material databases are desired.

for example.

The next step is to establish design criteria based on circular material use. There are four general criteria from which

Q8: What are the possibilities or developments in BIM in the context of sustainability (e.g. Material passport)?

the specific criteria for each project can be based. Design for reuse, leasing/service, longevity, and material recovery.

In BIM there is the possibility for chain integration. This means

The last step of the research was implementing circular-

that all the actors in a design or building process contribute to

ity with different tools. The first tool is a material passport. A

the same BIM model. For example a sustainability expert and

material passport can be set up differently for different pro-

an add-in/tool for sustainable assessment (BREEAM, LEED,

ject contexts. But there are five categories that form the basis

etc.). There are also different possibilities for linking a material

for the setting up of a passport: application, assessment, in-

passport to BIM. For example internally in the BIM software,

formation, alternatives, and guidelines. From these five point

or externally via an add-in. To enhance the effectiveness of a

and the context the specific information needs can be put

material passport there needs to be a link to a (used) material

together. Already from the beginning of the design process a

database.

material passport can be important. In combination with the

Chain integration is the future of BIM and almost

previous mentioned database it would shorten the analysis or

everything is possible when it comes to linking different tools.

documentation phase. This is due to the fact that a large part of the existing situation and materials is then already avail-

Q9: Is there a possibility to set up a (used) material database in/with BIM?

able. The second tool is BIM. BIM has already proven itself as a tool in architecture. It is used for inventory, design, and

A promising database method is the intelligent material

management. It will keep proving itself again and again due

pool or IMP. Here companies work together with setting up

to the continuous innovations. BIM can be used throughout

42

the entire design process where it addresses the power of

larity in the design need continuous development and im-

collaboration and flexibility.

provement. For example, the Oogstkaart is a great tool for

To be able to answer the research question test cases

finding (nearby) used materials. A further development of this

have to be done on short term. In these cases the materi-

tool could be making a link to BIM software or by setting up

al passport is implemented and BIM has to be used to its

an IMP with all kinds of companies.

full potential. The effect of the tools, that are mentioned in

Further research could be on the differences between the

this research, on the design process have to be analysed in

different software manufacturers. And on how specific circu-

these test cases in order to give a substantiated conclusion.

lar tools work best with different kind of software.

Possible questions could be: does it affect the design, construction, or deconstruction time? And what are the financial

Bouwmeester

profits?

A new kind of leader is asked for the circular design process.

A leader who has experience with circularity, knows some-

5.  Further Actions/Recommendation

thing about closing the loops and has an eye for architecture.

Circular Economy

Just like the old Bouwmeesters in the Netherlands this leader

There is always more research required on the topic of the

needs to have the overview on the entire project and is more

circular economy, circular design, and the material passport.

than just an architect.

Future architects and designers have to be prepared for the integration of circularity in the design process. It is up to the educational services to bring sustainability and circularity in to the minds of the new architects and designers.

Design Process A disadvantage of the described linear design processes is that the materials are often chosen after a design is made. It would be more sustainable to first make a general inventory of supply in the analysis phase. And then make a design with what is available.

Material Passport The next step for the material passport is implementation in practise. For the project of the educational building in Venlo this is happening now. In appendix C an example of the passport is shown. It has not yet been decided which actor takes the responsibility to maintain the passport when the building is realised. Most likely this task will go towards the architect. The passport in the appendix still needs to be filled in. This will be done by the contractor.

For the graduation project in Roermond the material passport will also be used. The difference with Venlo is that the material passport is taken into account from the beginning of the design process.

To keep the quality and reliability of the passport high a controlling factor is needed. This system could be similar to the point system of BREEAM for example. If there is no control the responsibility lies with the actor who maintains the passport. This can lead to conflicts of interest.

BIM New and existing tools which can help with achieving circu-

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44

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Afterword This report shows that there are many opportunities in the field of circular designing. A material passport is one of those opportunities. There are several variants of a passport displayed in the results. These examples are a guidance to setting up a material passport.

The conclusion does not give one clear answer to the main research question. It is possible that this research was done on a to large of a scale to really get into the specifics of the passport and BIM in combination with the design process.

Nevertheless, I personally learned a lot about circularity and circular designing. And I can now dertermine where I think the possibilities lie. For example BIM shows real opportunities when it comes to circularity and to designing in general. Of course different kind of software provide different kind of methods. But the most promising is the inventory function of the software in combination with a material passport and a database. In my opinion it would be profitable to develop the idea of an used material database, for example an intelligent material pool (IMP) in combination with BIM. A lot of furniture manufacturers already offer their ‘new’ products in a 3D model file. But usually these models contain no information on the amount of material used, origin, lifespan, or durability.

One of the objectives was personal growth in circularity.

When doing research it is always about developing your own skills and about creating knowledge. With this research I tried to inform and show the reader (and maybe also myself) that there are already a lot of possibilities when it comes to circularity and circular material choice. The point is that we should move on and improve what is already available. A next research could for example be done (more specifically) on one of the mentioned tools (e.g. how to improve an existing method?).

The next step of this graduation program is the graduation design which will act as a test case. After the test case there will be the possibility to continue this research.

Thank you for reading

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GLOssary AE Architectural Engineering AIA American Institute of Architecture BNA Royal Institute of Dutch Architect (Algemene Nederlandse Beroepsvereniging van Nederland) BIM Building Information Model BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology CAD Computer Aided Design CO2 Carbon dioxide DNR-STB 2001 Standard Job Description (De Nieuwe Regeling - Standaard Taak Beschrijving) EU European Union IMP Intelligent Material Pool LCA Life Cycle Analysis LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LOD Level of Detail LOD Level of Development MEA Model Element Author ONRI Former name of NLingenieurs RITS Resource Identity Tag System ROC Regional Education Center (Regionaal Opleidings Centrum) RSA Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts RVOI-2001 Regulation Relationship Between Client and Advisory Engineering (Regeling van de Verhouding tussen Opdrachtgever en adviserend Ingenieursbureau) SR1997 Standard Conditions Legal Relationship (Standaardvoorwaarden Rechtsverhouding)

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Appendices A. Presentation BAM - “Material Passport, Venlo” B. Position Paper - “Layered Architecture” C. Material Passport - “Concept Material Passport, Venlo”

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AppendiX A Presentation BAM - “Material Passport, Venlo”

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57

58

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60

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Appendix B Position Paper - “Layered Architecture”

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Layered architecture Position paper on a typology for circular thinking

Our current economy relies on cheap easily available resources and fossil energy. We take, make, use, and dispose. Generating a lot of waste and eating of a finite supply of materials. Natural resources are struggling to keep up with the demand of the ever growing needs of humans.

Buildings, building elements, and materials are not designed to be demounted and reused.

Due to this, waste is piling up and polluting nature. Resources are depleting, and the CO2 footprint of materials/elements is huge. Within the building industry there are attempts to reduce this problem, but these innovations have little to no market success. Architects are often ignorant of how much waste a building generates, especially when it is at the end of its life cycle and it is being torn down.

As said before architects usually do not make a design to be taken apart again. Elements and materials are poured, fused, or welded together. This creates a highly inflexible

building and it will requires a lot of labour to disassemble all the components or elements for reuse or recycling.

In his book How building learn: What happens after they’re built Stewart Brand is critical about the so called “magazine architecture�.

Especially nowadays the fashionable architecture is popular with architects. A good looking building is more important than a wellfunctioning building. Art, style, and illusion in architecture often obfuscate the initial needs of the user, therefore making a building not well suited for this same user. These kind of buildings do not last long in the market. Within ten or fifteen years it is out of fashion, out dated, and non-functional. And no one wants to move into an unusable building; demolition is the answer. This is an example of linear thinking in architecture; we take, make, use, and dispose. There has to be a switch from this linear thinking towards circular thinking; take, make, use, retake, remake, reuse, etc. We

67

need to design to disassemble. This paper will elaborate on a model or typology with which the step can be made towards circular thinking in the design process. And towards a higher flexibility in architecture. The layer model can give the designer a guideline how to design for disassembly.

Layered Architecture In the nineteen sixties John Habraken came up with the idea to divided a building into two parts, the permanent carrier and the changeable interior.

In 1961 he published De drager en de mensen, het einde van de massawoningbouw (translated: de carrier and the people). In his paper he stated that the architect should take care of the communal structure (the carrier). These are the façades, front doors, communal areas, public spaces, etc.

In this communal structure the occupants could assemble a house (the interior) to their own liking.

The houses would be assembled with standardized (catalogue) elements. This way the separate houses could be demolished without having to demolish them all. The houses would be cheap, the elements could be made in advance, and the elements are interchangeable because of the standardization.

In this concept it was important that the carrier could adapt to all the changes that the future would bring. This does not mean that the both layers are completely separated from each other.

In 2011 Klaske Havik and Hans Teerds interviewed Habraken for the Oase journal. In the process of the interview Habraken said: “A support cannot be neutral, because then you are doing a disservice to the process… You mustn’t take in hand the things that are better left to other people. You must do what is good for the community – that is our domain. By this I’m not saying that an architect provides solely the structure… Quite the contrary.”

Of course there will always be an overlap when separating the built environment or architecture into layers. Without this overlap the functionality would drastically decrease and create the same problem we already have; non-functional architecture.

Around 1994 Frank Duffy divided a building into more than two layers. He divided the building

into four layers: the shell, services, scenery, and set. Every layer has a different lifespan, descending from shell to set. Due to this separation of elements the functionality of a building environment can be adapted layer by layer. The shell is a combination of the structure and the façade. It has the longest lifespan and will need to keep its functionality the longest, so it must be designed in a way that is will last. The shell defines the final lifespan. If the shell needs replacement the building is at the end of its lifespan. Services are all the installation inside a building. Scenery includes the interior plan. Lastly, set, the daily, weekly, or monthly changing elements inside.

This model was expanded by Steward Brand.

Brands Shearing Layers Model divides the architecture into six categories. This model is also called the Six S’ Model. First there is the site, which is everlasting. Second, structure, the structure can last up to 300 years but it usually does not make it beyond sixty. Thirdly there is the skin. The skin has a lifespan of roughly twenty years. After this time the skin is usually replaced to keep up with fashion, technological improvements, or repair works. The fourth layer is services. These are the mechanical components inside a building. All the wiring, ventilation, heating, air conditioning, plumbing, but also moving parts like the elevators fit in this category. The services need to be replaced after seven to fifteen years. The fifth S is space. All the elements that form a space fit in this layer. Think of dividing walls, ceiling, doors; the entire interior layout. The lifespan of these elements may vary depending on the function of the building. For example a house can have the same spatial plan for up to thirty years or more. Whereas an office may change their spatial plan every three year to keep up with their needs. The last layer, number six, is stuff. All the objects and furniture that fit into the space. These elements move around on a daily, weekly, or monthly basis. Of course it depends on the object, building type, and the intensity of usage how long an object can last. On average it is possible to say that stuff lasts about one to three years.

Bernard Leupen took the basics of Brands model and changed it in his publication in 2002 Kader en generieke ruimte. Leupen did not look at the layer model from the lifespan perspective but

68

from a functional perspective. He removed the site and stuff layers because he was purely focused on the building itself and not the built environment as a whole. He adds a routing layer for this adds to the functionality of the building.

Adaptable Futures (AF) took the same basics from Brand as Leupen did. They added a social aspect to the model with the layer social. AF did not change the model to their own likings. They worked with it and added where needed.

These five versions of the layer model have built upon each other and expanded the model according to their own perspective and words. Habrakens goal was to make the community more efficient by assigning the right job to the right person. And looking at the competence of people. This model might not be the solution but it was a good basis to build upon. Duffy was the first one who linked the lifespan to the model. This makes it more concrete towards the building market. Brand wanted to encourage designing for future adaptations. That is why he added the extra layers to his shearing layers model. Brand said “buildings excel at improving with time, if they are given a chance” . And that is what it is all about. We need to give this chance to architecture and change our way of thinking.

The problem with Brands way of thinking is that he does not consider engagements with history.

He is fanatically looking forward, looking into preservation of materials, that he forgets the point of history, memory, and community.

Leupen tries to correct this by adding the routing layer. He also looks from a different perspective i.e. from the functionality of architecture.

Conclusion The layers model provides a set of starting points or rules for the design process. But still one of the questions with layered architecture is the integration of the separate layers. To make changes in architecture happen the layers must be mounted separately from each other. Mounted in a specific way so that elements can be removed without much problems. This is a part of the flexibility of architecture. If every layer is kept separate from the other, or is at least demountable, consequently all the layers are individually adaptable. This prevents demolition of elements which can still last another

twenty years. This method also makes it easier to swap elements between building projects.

Something that might be outdated on one project could still suffice on the other.

It is difficult to say if the layers model is a typology within architecture for Habraken states in his book The Appearance of the Form that: “The concept of type…is much more than a means for classification… It is a complex form that lives within a social body: a knowledge, familiar to a group of people by common experience. Types come and go within societies and their cultures.

They are, to a large extent, those cultures.”

The Shearing layers model contributes to a more durable and sustainable architecture and future. It is a tool to simplify the transition towards circular thinking and designing. But something is still missing. We need to shift to another mindset. To become a ‘real’ typology the layers model has to gain more awareness in society. Its concept and the idea behind it needs to be embedded into the culture of, at least, the designers but preferably the entire building sector or even better, everyone. It is up to the new (young) architects to look at these models that already exist and adapt them to what is needed in modern day society. Architecture has to change now more than ever.

69

Image I. Shearing layers model by Stewart Brand.

A picture from his book “ How Buildings Learn�

(1994).

Image II. The layers model by Brand rethought by Adaptable Futures.

70

Bibliography Bluestone, D. (1995). How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built by Stewart Brand. Review by: Daniel Bluestone. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 54(2), 235-236. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/990971 Brand, S. (1994). How Buildings Learn: What Happens to Buildings After They’re Built. New York: Viking Penguin.

Cleton, I. (2013). Bouwen voor de toekomst. Graduation Report, Technische Universiteit Delft, Architecture, Delft.

Djoegan, C. (2014). The way towards circular economy. Graduation P1, Delft.

Habraken, N. (1985). The Appearance of the Form (Second ed. 1988 ed.). Cambridge: Awater Press.

Havik, K., & Teerds, H. (2011). Define and Let Go: An Interview with John Habraken. Oase(85), 8-16.

Leupen, B. (2002). Kader en generieke ruimte: Een onderzoek naar de veranderbare woning op basis van het permanente. Technische Universiteit Delft, Architecture. Rotterdam: Uitgeverij 010.

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Appendix C Material Passport - “Concept Material Passport, Venlo”

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73

1.  Deconstruction of the existing elements and components Te verwijderen systemen, elementen, componenten en/of (ingebedde) materialen Onderdeel Type Thema Opmerkingen

Materiaal

Hergebruik c.q. refurbishment

Recycling

Cascade

Opslag

Percentage %

Demontagekoppeling

Terugkoopintentie/garantie

Ingekocht Opmerking

SKIN

gevel

prefab gevelelementen

circulair

gevel

gevelisolatie

circulair

gevel gevel

waterslagen screens

circulair circulair

gevel

stelkozijnen

hoofdzakelijk beton

Niet mogelijk

Isolatiemateriaal

glas-/steenwol

Niet mogelijk

Technisch verouderd

alluminium

Niet mogelijk

alluminium

Uitgangspunt in basisaanbieding is hergebruik van bestaande stelkozijnen

hergebruik

Eventueel ook bij de vliesgevel te hergebruiken of achterconstructie kofen

dak

grind

circulair

Hergebruik dakgrind, of asfalt. Garantie mbt hergebruik cq recycling.

dak

dakbedekking

nieuwe functie

Nieuwe laag

dak

tegelpaden

circulair

dak

daktrimmen

grind

baksteten tegels

circulair

Veel aluminium, mogelijke kunstwerk. 1 leverancier verantwoordelijk maken.

circulair

Zie ook stelkozijnen en daktrimmen. Niet behandeld voor buiten

Afvoeren door demontagebedrijf.

Normaliter is dit goed te verwerken in (beton)granulaat.

Bespreken met demontagebedrijf Afvoeren door kozijnleverancier Normaliter is dit goed te verwerken in recycelprogramma Groot gedeelte afvoeren door kozijnleverancier. Normaliter is dit Het materiaal alluminium waaruit goed te Verwerken in de waterslagen zijn opgebouwd is recyclelprogramma interessant voor een kunstwerk

Wordt verwijderd door dakdekker, gewassen en hergebruikt.

Bestaande dakbedekking mechanisch bevestigen en gebruiken als dampremmer hergebruik van bestaande tegelpaden Bestaande daktrimmen worden verwijderd door dakdekker. Deze verwerken in een recycleprogramma

alluminium

In principe kunnen alle prefab gevelelementen gerecycled worden (100%)

niet van toepassing

Eventueel opslag voor kunstwerk

niet van toepassing

Alpro

Invulling van Alpro volgt.

niet van toepassing niet van toepassing

Alpro

Invulling van Alpro volgt.

niet van toepassing

Alpro

Invulling van Alpro volgt.

Niet mogelijk door vervuilingen

niet van toepassing

Invulling van ZND volgt.

Eventueel te gebruiken bij fietsenstalling

niet van toepassing

Invulling van ZND volgt.

niet van toepassing

Invulling van ZND volgt.

niet van toepassing

Invulling van ZND volgt.

Eventueel opslag voor kunstwerk

SERVICES

installaties

verlichtingsarmaturen

installaties

kabel-/wandgoten

circulair

installaties

radiatoren

circulair

installaties

gasketels

circulair

alluminium

alluminium Intern roest zorgt ervoor dat radiatoren niet direct te hergebruiken zijn. staal

hoofdzakelijk metalen

Inbrengen in recycleprogramma

Mogelijk toepassen bij fase 2 (luifel, fietsenstalling, kunst, kantine, entree)

Indien keuze cascade, dan opslaan

Direct hergebruik mogelijk.

Bestaande wandgoten verwijderen, schoonmaken en hergebruiken. oorspronkelijke eigenaar achterhalen voor eventuele terugname oorspronkelijke eigenaar achterhalen voor eventuele terugname

Vanwege beperkte beschdiging mogelijk 80% van deze goten hergebruiken

Door de ophanging in het systeemplafond eenvoudig te verwijderen

niet van toepassing

Door verbinding met verbindingselement is de ontkoppeling relatief eenvoudig

niet van toepassing

boutverbinding zorgt voor eenvoudige en snelle demontage Ketels kunnen op basis van boutverbindingen gedemonteerd worden.

niet van toepassing

niet van toepassing

SPACEPLAN

binnenwanden

systeemwanden isolatie

circulair

Vanwege de lange levensduur van het isolatiemateriaal (en onzichtbaar) kunnen de isolatiepanelen in de nieuwe wanden worden hergebruikt.

circulair

Gebruiken als vloerbedekking/bescherming Sporthal en stofschot (mits tijdig geregeld), daarna opslaan/recycling gips platen, houten platen

Isolatie van te verwijderen wanden hergebruiken in nieuwe wanden.

Afstemmen met applicateur gipsplaten van te verwijderen wanden kunnen worden hergebruikt aan de binnenkant van de nieuwe wanden. Afstemmen met applicateur.

Houten platen kunnen worden gebruikt voor de afdekking van radiatorruimte. inlegbies demonteren en hergebruiken bespreken met applicateur

binnenwanden

systeemwanden gipsplaten

binnenwanden

systeemwanden houten platen

circulair

binnenwanden

systeemwanden zinken (stijlen) constructie

circulair

Overige elementen die eventueel beschadigd zijn worden gerecycled + aantonen % (overal)

Geschikt voor hergebruik in huidige vorm..

Bij benodigde verplaatsing niet geschikt.

binnenwanden

mbi stenen

circulair

binnenwanden

deuren

circulair

houten kozijnen

te verwijderen houten binnenkozijnen

circulair

systeemplafonds

plafondplaten

circulair

systeemplafonds

ophangsysteem

vloerafwerkingen tapijt

circulair

circulair

vloerafwerkingen linoleum

circulair

vloerafwerkingen plinten

circulair

steenwol

mataal

Na inventarisatie hergebruiken in nieuwe situatie bestaande platen mogelijk gebruiken als isolatie ter opvulling van ruimte achter de voorzetwanden

Doelstelling is om zo veel mogelijk te hergebruiken (op dit moment alleen hangers). Anderzijds recyclen

Hergebruik van afhangers en onderzoek of bestaande raster kan worden gebruikt in nieuwe situatie.

Bespreken met plafondleverancier wat de mogelijkheden zijn.

Zowel technisch als esthetisch is de tapijt niet geschikt voor hergebruik.

Ontbreken: - Radiatoren + een pijp systeem: JV gaat op zoek naar de oorspronkelijke leveranciers voor terugname - Overige bestaande installaties zoals gasketels op het dak (3 stuks) - Screens - Toiletgroepen (sanitair potten, reservoir, kranen) - Deuren

wol en synthetische materialen

hout

niet van toepassing

Het afgevoerde deel kan voor 100% voor recycling worden ingezet

Afhankelijk van de te verwijderen mbi wanden komen een aantal kozijnen vrij voor hergebruik Onderzoeken samen met Rockfon of bestaande platen kunnen worden gerecycled via recyclingfabriek in Zie hergebruik, plafondplaten Roermond inzetten voor een ander doel

hergebruiken en voorzien van een dekkende verflaag

De metselverbinding (nat) staat geen demontage toe. niet van toepassing Deuren kunnen eenvoudig uit kun scharnier worden genomen en na schilderwerk eenvoudig teruggeplaatst worden.

De directe verbinding tussen de componenten (stijlen en dorpels) via een chemisch materiaal staat niet direct demontage toe. Echter is verbinding met mbi wand relevant voor hergebruik. niet van toepassing Bij recyling direct overeenkomen met Rockfon terugkoopintentie voor nieuw te toevoegen

Eventueel restant opslaan voor fase 2 De hangers kunnen in principe allemaal hergebruikt worden mit technisch in orde. Esthetiek is vanwege ontrekking aan het zicht niet van belang.

Bestaande tapijt verwijderen. Doel is dat de leverancier/applicateur van de vloerbedekking dit gaat verzorgen zodat de kringloop duidelijker gemaakt kan worden en de leverancier zorgt voor een goede bestemming van het bestaande tapijt. Tevens is dit een zekerstelling van de kwaliteit van de ondergrond voor het aan te brengen product.

Bestaande tapijt verwijderen.

Leverancier/applicateur van de vloerbedekking gaat dit verzorgen zodat de kringloop duidelijker gemaakt kan worden en de leverancier zorgt voor een goede bestemming van het bestaande tapijt.

linoleum De plinten kunnen ter plaatse van een dekkende verflaag worden voorzien, demontage is hiervoor niet vereist

niet van toepassing

Deuren zijn na eventuele opknapbeurt (laagje verf) goed her te gebruiken

De houten binnenkozijnen kunnen in principe in dezelfde hoedanigheid hergebruikt worden. Dit geldt echter alleen voor kozijnen die ingebed zijn in een mbi wand die verwijderd zal worden. hout Geen optie om ze te hergebruiken, liever met Rockfon in gesprek voor recyling. Twee opties recycling op locatie voor fase 2, zachtminerale plafondplaten optie 2 andere locatie (geperst steenwol)

alluminium, hangers van staal

niet van toepassing

nagaan welke platen nog geschikt zijn voor hergebruik en gereed maken voor opslag. De overige afvoeren voor eventuele recycling

Deel handhaven, ander deel laten afvoeren door demontagebedrijf.

Normaliter is dit goed te verwerken in (beton)granulaat.

Bespreken met demontagebedrijf

metselwerk

hout

niet van toepassing nagaan welke platen nog geschikt zijn voor hergebruik en gereed maken voor opslag. De overige afvoeren voor eventuele recycling

Door de ophaning aan ringhaken is demontage relatief simpel uit te voeren. niet van toepassing

De verlijming van de tapijt aan de vloer is minder geschikt als verbinding voor demontage. De overgebleven lijmresten kunnen voor de verwerking van de grondstoffen door de fabrikant hinderlijk zijn. niet van toepassing De verlijming van de linoleum aan de vloer is minder geschikt als verbinding voor demontage.

De overgebleven lijmresten kunnen voor de verwerking van de grondstoffen door de fabrikant hinderlijk zijn. niet van toepassing De schroefverbindingen maken demontage van de plinten goed mogelijk (waar nodig) niet van toepassing

Keuze voor cirulair/evolutionair oplossing gemaakt Keuze moet nog defintief worden gemaakt Geen duurzame optie/keuze

Overige: - Bijhouden percentages - Restwaarde

2.  New to add materials and components

SKIN

74

gevel

kozijnen

nieuwe kunststof kozijnen

Onderstaande allemaal onder kozijn rekenen: terugkoop zeker mogelijk

Nieuw te toevoegen systemen, elementen, componenten en/of (ingebedde) materialen Onderdeel Type Omschrijving Opmerkingen kozijnen aluminium vliesgevel SKIN gevel

Nagaan bij leverancier in hoeverre in dit project gebruik Actie wordt gemaakt van gerecycled materiaal.

Circulair

In kozijnen met zonwering uitgevoerd in blank helder glas en t.p.v. de vliesgevels en de kozijnen zonder zonwerking Uitvoeren in Gealan met C2C beglazing. certificaat Nagaan bij in zonwerend / lichtwerende leverancier hoeveel gerecycled materiaal hierin wordt verwerkt.

Nagaan bij leverancier in hoeverre in dit project gebruik

kozijnen glas

aluminium Zonwerend vliesgevel glas in zuidwest en zuidoost gevel niet opgenomen ivm screens

Circulair Circulair

sandwich panelen tussen buitenplaat aluminium, harschuim, aluminium HR++ LTA ca 80%, ZTA ca 61%, argon glas kozijnen binnenplaat gevuld U-waarde 1,1 W/m2K glas waterslagen

Zonwerend glas in zuidwest en zuidoost gevel aluminium in n.t.b. RAL kleur niet opgenomen ivm screens

sandwich panelen tussen kozijnen zonwering in zuidoost en zuidwest gevel

buitenplaat aluminium, harschuim, aluminium binnenplaat elektrisch bediend met stekker en pulsschakelaar

waterslagen compressieband kitvoeg zonwering in zuidoost en zuidwest gevel gevelelementen

gevelelementen dakbedekking schilderwerk gevel schilderwerk gevel daktrim

Alpro

wordt gemaakt van gerecycled materiaal.

Mate van duurzaamheid glas nagaan bij leverancier.

ja: intentie ja: intentie

Alpro Alpro

Circulair Circulair

In kozijnen met zonwering uitgevoerd in blank helder glas en t.p.v. de vliesgevels en de kozijnen zonder zonwerking Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier. in zonwerend / lichtwerende beglazing. Nagaan bij leverancier hoeveel gerecycled materiaal hierin wordt verwerkt.

ja: intentie ja: intentie

Alpro Alpro

Circulair

Mate van duurzaamheid glas nagaan bij leverancier. nagaan bij leverancier.

ja: intentie

Alpro

Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier.

ja: intentie

Alpro

Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier.

ja: intentie

Alpro

aluminium in n.t.b. RAL kleur

Circulair Circulair

ja: intentie ja: intentie

Alpro Alpro

rondom aan buitenzijde en binnenzijde elektrisch bediend met stekker en pulsschakelaar reparatie beschadigde gevelelementen stelpost 2.000,- euro prefab buitengevel grond Globapryl Villa watergedragen bakstenen begane grond Globapryl Villa rondom aan buitenzijde en binnenzijde watergedragen

Circulair Circulair

Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier.

Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier. In basis niet duurzaam uitgevoerd Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier. In basis niet duurzaam uitgevoerd. Kwaliteit gaat in dit geval in Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier. eerste instantie voor duurzaamheid.

Reparatiemortel beschikbaar van Kerakoll. Mogelijkheden nagaan bij de applicateur Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier. In basis niet duurzaam uitgevoerd leverancier/applicateur Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier. In basis niet duurzaam uitgevoerd. Kwaliteit gaat in dit geval in leverancier/applicateur eerste instantie voor duurzaamheid.

Reparatiemortel beschikbaar van Kerakoll. Mogelijkheden APP 470K14 nagaan bij desamengesteld applicateur uit 15% gerecyled materiaal.

Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bijeuro extra, excl.

Duurzamer alternatief kost 4.900,leverancier/applicateur opslagen Mate van duurzaamheid nagaan bij leverancier/applicateur Bespreken met de applicateur wat de mogelijkheden zijn dit profiel uit te voeren in een type met gerecycled APP 470K14 samengesteld uit 15% gerecyled materiaal. materiaal Duurzamer alternatief kost 4.900,- euro extra, excl.

APP 470K14 samengesteld uit 15% gerecyceld materiaal opslagen

ja: intentie ja: intentie

Alpro Alpro

reparatie beschadigde gevelelementen stelpost APP gemodificeerd, gebitumineed met 2.000,euro prefab buitengevel grond Globapryl Villa glasvlies.

Type 470K14 volledig gekleefd watergedragen volgens de brandmethode. bakstenen begane grond Globapryl Villa watergedragen

dakbedekking dakrand

dilatatie daktrim

afwerkstrook 470K14 brute aluminium daktrim

valbeveiliging

permanente valbeveiliging

dakrand

afwerkstrook 470K14

dilatatie bekleding

afwerkstrook 470K14 eenvoudige bekleding bestaande liftkooi

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Intentie tegen een Circulair mogelijke restwaarde, circa Circulair Circulair 30% of 20% na 25 tot 30 jaar of gebruiksfase Circulair Intentie tegen een mogelijke restwaarde, circa 15% gerecyclede bitume, Circulair 30% of 20% na 25 tot 30 bijna 50% gerecycled jaar of gebruiksfase (wordt nader onderzocht) 15% gerecyclede bitume, bijna 50% gerecycled (wordt nader onderzocht) 15% gerecyclede bitume, bijna 50% gerecycled (wordt nader onderzocht) 15% gerecyclede bitume, bijna 50% gerecycled Wordt nader bepaald (wordt nader onderzocht)

Circulair

ja/nee ja/nee

nieuw plafond in bestaande lift eenvoudige bekleding bestaande liftkooi

Wordt nader bepaald Wordt nader bepaald

Circulair Circulair

Nader in te vullen. Bespreken met liftleverancier wat de mogelijkheden zijn Nader in te vullen

e-installatie

schilderwerk kabelgoten

Wordt nader bepaald

Circulair Hergebruik

Schildersadvies aanvragen voor het toepassen van een Afstemmen en doornemen met elektricien duurzame coating. Bespreken met schilder

e-installatie

kabelgoten plafond kabelgoten

schilderwerk bestaande liftdeuren incl. afvoeren, opslaan en hermonteren bestaande dagkantomkleding wandgoten en energiezuilen reinigen bestaande wandgoten en energiezuilen nieuw plafond in bestaande lift nieuwe aanvullende wandgoten 120,32 m1

Wordt nader bepaald

Hergebruik Circulair Circulair

kanalisatie kabelgoten kanalisatie kanalisatie kabelgoten schakel en verdeel kabelgoten licht/kracht inrichtingen

waterdichte doorvoering afvoeren, opslaan en hermonteren bestaande wandgoten en energiezuilen mantelbuizen reinigen bestaande wandgoten en brandwerende doorvoeren energiezuilen demonteren en hermonteren van nieuwe aanvullende wandgoten 120,32 m1 ruimteverdeler

Hoeft niet op de lijst

Naar lijst demontage

Circulair Circulair

kanalisatie schakel en verdeel inrichtingen licht/kracht kanalisatie kanalisatie krachtinstallatie schakel en verdeel inrichtingen licht/kracht krachtinstallatie

waterdichte doorvoering nieuwe voeding warmtepomp mantelbuizen brandwerende demonteren endoorvoeren hermonteren van wcd 2voudig inbouw demonteren en hermonteren van

Hoeft niet op de lijst Naar lijst demontage Hoeft niet op de lijst Hoeft niet op de lijst Naar lijst demontage

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair

ruimteverdeler voedingskabels

Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage

Circulair Circulair

schakelmateriaal nieuwe voeding warmtepomp

Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage

Circulair Circulair

e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie

schakel en verdeel lichtinstallatie inrichtingen licht/kracht lichtinstallatie krachtinstallatie lichtinstallatie krachtinstallatie lichtinstallatie lichtinstallatie aarding- en bliksem

noodverlichtingsarmaturen demonteren en hermonteren van wcd 2voudig inbouw omroepinstallatie voedingskabels AV installatie schakelmateriaal

Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair

e-installatie

lichtinstallatie communicatie

noodverlichtingsarmaturen luidsprekers 12 stuks

Naar lijst demontage

Circulair

e-installatie

lichtinstallatie communicatie

omroepinstallatie aanpassen leidingwerk en bekabeling

Naar lijst demontage

Circulair

e-installatie

lichtinstallatie communicatie

Naar lijst demontage

Circulair

e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie

aarding- en bliksem verlichtingsarmaturen communicatie verlichtingsarmaturen communicatie brandmeld / ontruiming communicatie inbraakbeveiliging verlichtingsarmaturen data installatie verlichtingsarmaturen cctv

AV-installatie demonteren en hermonteren AV installatie bestaande beamers

Proberen tot een intentie te komen cq optimalisatie Naar lijst demontage Proberen tot een intentie te komen cq optimalisatie Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage Naar lijst demontage Proberen tot een intentie te komen cq optimalisatie Naar lijst demontage Proberen tot een intentie te komen cq optimalisatie

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair

e-installatie w-installatie e-installatie w-installatie e-installatie w-installatie e-installatie

brandmeld / ontruiming binnenriolering inbraakbeveiliging water data installatie water cctv

Naar lijst demontage Niet van toepassing, dunwandig Naar lijst demontage RP & WV check Naar lijst demontage RP & WV check

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair

w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie

water binnenriolering sanitair water sanitair water sanitair water gas sanitair

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair

w-installatie w-installatie

verwarming sanitair

RP & WV check Niet van toepassing, dunwandig RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check Belangrijk intentie!! RP & RP &check!

WV check WV

w-installatie

sanitair verwarming

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

gas verwarming

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie w-installatie

verwarming verwarming

Circulair Circulair

w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie w-installatie

verwarming verwarming verwarming verwarming

Belangrijk intentie!! RP & RP & WV check WV check!

RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check RP & WV check

e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie

armaturen luidsprekers 12 stuks verbijzonderen verlichting in gangzones aanpassen leidingwerk en bekabeling AV-installatie demonteren en hermonteren bestaande beamers armaturen verbijzonderen verlichting in gangzones ?

PVC afvoerleiding dikwandig close-in boilers pantry's roodkoperen waterleidingen ? isolatie Tubolit DG, vastgezet met PVC tape 13 mm PVC afvoerleiding dikwandig uitstortgootsteen combinatie close-in boilers pantry's keukenmengkraan Grohe Costa roodkoperen waterleidingen sifon isolatie Tubolit DG, vastgezet met PVC tape 13 mm gelaste draadpijp en vlampijp uitstortgootsteen combinatie ketels gasgestook Remeha Quinta Pro in cascade (3x Quinta pro 115, 1x Quinta pro keukenmengkraan Grohe Costa 65) sifon afsluiters rookgas(afvoer)buis, rond 250 mm en rond gelaste draadpijp en vlampijp 350 mm. Burgerhout ketels gasgestook Remeha Quinta Pro in expansie membraam-drukexpansievat fabr. cascade (3x Quinta pro 115, 1x Quinta pro Flamco 65) overstortvoorziening type Prescor S afsluiters cv verdeler rookgas(afvoer)buis, rond 250 mm en rond 350 mm. Burgerhout

Circulair Circulair

Circulair Circulair Circulair Circulair

Leverancier is bereid een ja/nee, zie eerdere opmerking terugkoopgarantie af te geven hierboven indien wordt gekozen voor het ja/nee, zie alternatief. eerdere opmerking duurzame Dat hierbovendat er geen stortkosten betekend betaald hoeven te worden. ja/nee, zie eerdere opmerking ja/nee, zie eerdere opmerking hierboven hierboven ja/nee ja/nee, zie eerdere opmerking hierboven

ja/nee nee

plafond bekleding

e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie

Alpro

Leverancier is bereid een terugkoopgarantie af te geven nee indien wordt gekozen voor het nee duurzame alternatief. Dat betekend dat er geen stortkosten nee betaald hoeven te worden.

ja/nee, zie eerdere opmerking hierboven ja/nee

lift

e-installatie e-installatie

Alpro

nee ja: intentie

Naar mijn mening alleen mogelijkheid tot terugkoop.

Schildersadvies aanvragen voor het toepassen van een Bespreken met ZND duurzame coating. Bespreken met schilder

Circulair

Circulair Hergebruik Circulair Circulair Hergebruik

ja: neeintentie

APP 470K14 samengesteld uit 15% gerecyceld materiaal Nader in te vullen

Wordt nader bepaald

Hoeft niet op de lijst Hoeft niet op de lijst

nee

Bespreken met de applicateur mogelijkheden zijn APP 470K14 samengesteld uit wat 15%de gerecyceld materiaal dit profiel uit te voeren in een type met gerecycled Naar mijn mening alleen mogelijkheid tot terugkoop. materiaal Bespreken met ZND APP 470K14 samengesteld uit 15% gerecyceld materiaal

permanente valbeveiliging schilderwerk bestaande liftdeuren incl. dagkantomkleding

e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie e-installatie

Ingekoc Alpro

ja: intentie

valbeveiliging schilderwerk

e-installatie

Demontagekoppeling ja: Terugkoopintentie/garantie intentie

Alpro

Circulair

brute aluminium daktrim APP gemodificeerd, gebitumineed met glasvlies. Type 470K14 volledig gekleefd afwerkstrook 470K14 volgens de brandmethode.

SERVICES

ja: intentie

Circulair

SERVICES lift

Thema: evolutionair/circulair Circulair

HR++ LTA ca 80%, ZTA ca 61%, argon nieuwe kunststof kozijnen gevuld U-waarde 1,1 W/m2K

schilderwerk gevel kitvoeg

dak

Uitvoeren in Gealan met C2C certificaat

kozijnen glas

compressieband schilderwerk gevel

dak

Onderstaande allemaal onder kozijn rekenen: terugkoop zeker mogelijk

Circulair

Tijdelijk

Afstemmen en doornemen met elektricien Nader in te vullen. Bespreken met liftleverancier wat de Nagaan of dit mogelijk met kabelgoten met een gerecyceld mogelijkheden zijn materiaal Plakplaten worden ingeplakt door dakdekker. Plakplaten uitvoeren in aluminium Afstemmen en doornemen met elektricien Tijdelijk Nader in te vullen Nader in te vullen Afstemmen en doornemen met elektricien Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Nagaan of dit mogelijk met kabelgoten met een gerecyceld leverancier materiaal Plakplaten worden ingeplakt door dakdekker. Plakplaten Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met uitvoeren in aluminium leverancier Nader in te vullen Nader in te vullen Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier ?leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier ?leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier

nee nee ja/nee ja/nee nee nee nee nee nee niet van toepassing ja/nee nee ja/nee nee nee ja/nee niet van toepassing ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee

Gegevens volgens opgave Alpro

Invulling geven in cht Opmerkingen Fabrikant samenwerking met Alpro

75 Fabricatiejaar

Modeltype

Afmetingen

Locatie in gebouw

Huidige staat

Materialenpaspoort Samenstelling van het product

Oorsprong

Initiele levensduur

Gegevens volgens opgave Reactie Alpro?

Alpro Invulling geven in samenwerking met Alpro Nagaan bij Alpro Nagaan bij Alpro. Naar verwachting geen Reactie Alpro? duurzame invulling aan te geven.

Duurzame keuze maken Nagaan bij Alpro met in samenwerking Alpro Nagaan bij Alpro. Naar verwachting geen Nagaan wat de duurzame invulling aan mogelijkheden zijn i.o.m. te geven.

Alpro. Let ook op Duurzame keuze maken aluminium afdekkappen in samenwerking met Alpro Nagaan wat de mogelijkheden zijn i.o.m.

Alpro. Let ook op aluminium afdekkappen

Dit is naar mijn mening een punt dat de investering meer dan waard is. Zeker indien de opdrachtgever duurzaamheid wil uitstralen.

Dit is naar mijn mening een puntbij dat de Nagaan ZND investering meer dan waard is. Zeker indien de opdrachtgever duurzaamheid wil uitstralen.

Nagaan bij ZND Nagaan bij ZND

Afwegen of dit nodig is, indien de lift binnen nu en een aantal jaar wordt vervangen.

Nagaan bij ZND In overleg met schilder Afwegen of dit nodig is, Afwegen nodignu is, indien deof liftdit binnen indien lift binnen nu en een de aantal jaar wordt en een aantal jaar wordt vervangen. vervangen.

In overleg met schilder Afwegen of dit nodig is, indien de lift binnen nu en een aantal jaar wordt vervangen.

TO BE FILLED IN

Contractuele borg

76

w-installatie

verwarming

w-installatie

verwarming

w-installatie

verwarming

w-installatie

verwarming

w-installatie

afsluiters

RP & WV check

Circulair

RP & WV check

Circulair

RP & WV check

Circulair

overstortvoorziening type Prescor S

RP & WV check

Circulair

verwarming

cv verdeler

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

appendages

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

isolatie

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

circulatiepomp

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

tracing van leidingen op dak

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

paneelradiatoren Stelrad Accord

Belangrijk intentie!! RP & WV check!

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

thermostatische radiatorafsl. Fabr. Dan foss

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

verwarming

consoles t.b.v. paneelradiatoren

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

LBK's met warmtewiel

Belangrijk intentie!! RP & WV check!

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

regelaars

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

luchtbehandelingskanalen rechthoekig en spiralo

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

isolaite luchtkanalen

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

roosters (wervel, toevoerroosters)

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

textiele luchtkanalen

Belangrijk intentie!! RP & WV check!

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

VAV kleppen

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

Coulissendempers tbv plenumafzuiging

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

toevoerroosters tbv kantoren en spreekkamers RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

luchtbehandeling

Afvoerrooster wand tbv overstort gang

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

koeling

koelmachine lucht water

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

koeling

appendages

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

koeling

circulatiepomp

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

koeling

buis

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

koeling

buffervat

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

koeling

isolatie

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

meet en regel

modules en opnemers

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

meet en regel

datapunten

RP & WV check

Circulair

w-installatie

meet en regel

beheer PC

RP & WV check

Circulair

systeemwanden

systeemwand voorzien van 1x melamineplaat kleur wit, aan beide zijden. Voegen afgewerkt C2C, intentie met pvc inlegbies

rookgas(afvoer)buis, rond 250 mm en rond 350 mm. Burgerhout expansie membraam-drukexpansievat fabr.

Flamco

SPACEPLAN

wanden

drukschotten

interieur

ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee

ja/nee ja/nee

nvt

Leveren onder FSC / PEFC

ja/nee

nvt

Nog van toepassing? Leveren onder FSC/PEFC Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Schilderadvies opstellen en bespreken met applicateur om dit met een duurzame verf te doen Copperant, Aquamaryn of een ander alternatief.

Bespreken met leverancier. Voor metalstud systeem onderzoeken of het mogelijk is gerecycled metaal te gebruiken. In geval van het toepassen van een gipsplaat kiezen voor Gyproc met C2C certificaat.

ja/nee

schilderwerk

schilderwerk bestaande deuren

nvt

schilderwerk

sauswerk bestaande binnenwanden

nvt

schilderwerk

sauswerk bestaande binnenwanden trappenhuizen

nvt

schilderwerk

sauswerk bestaand binnenspouwblad

nvt

muurleuningen en balustraden

bestaande trapbalustraden en muurleuningen nvt schilderen

ms voorzetwanden tpv gevels

metalstud wand

nvt

ms voorzetwanden tpv gevels

afgewerkingsklasse B

nvt

isolatie 16 kg/m3

nvt

vensterbank b=350 mm

nvt

ms voorzetwanden tpv gevels

afkitten vensterbank

nvt

plafondplaten

Rockfon Pallas mrc 0,9

Intentie zeer belangrijk

Rockfon heeft een recyling programma. Bespreken met producent

Demontage

Bespreken met de leverancier wat de mogelijkheden zijn om het systeem uit te voeren met deels gerecycled metaal.

Bespreken met leverancier. In geval van afwerking met stucwerk kiezen voor bijvoorbeeld Kerakoll. En sauswerk in Copperant verf o.g. In geval van andere afwerking zoals MDF o.i.d. zoeken naar een duurzaam alternatief Isolatie uitvoeren in Knauf glaswol Ecose. Bespreken met leverancier In basis is uitgegaan van Werzalit. Dit product wordt geleverd onder PEFC keurmerk Met applicateur bespreken wat de mogelijkheden zijn met bijvoorbeeld Illbruck Eco. In basis experimenteren we hier niet mee.

hardhouten plinten afgelakt

Intentie zeer belangrijk, Gyproc Demontage

vloerbekleding

marmoleum/linoleum

Intentie zeer belangrijk

Circulair

vloerbekleding

tapijttegels

Intentie zeer belangrijk

Circulair

dorpels

hardstenen dorpels

pantry

17 stuks leveren en plaatsen incl. kraan en boiler. exclusief apparatuur.

Eventueel andere opties ook mogelijk (duurzaam) + Puur natuur passen bij bestaande dorpels

vloerafwerkingen plinten

ja/nee

Leveren onder FSC / PEFC

nvt

tpv nieuwe systeemwanden

ja/nee

nvt

bestaande kozijnen schilderen zonder zijlicht

zichtbaar systeem

ja/nee

nvt

schilderwerk

ophangsysteem

ja/nee

ja/nee

nvt

bandrasterprofielen

ja/nee

Kiezen voor bijvoorbeeld stuc van Kerakoll en muurverf van Copperant.

bestaande kozijnen schilderen incl. zijlicht

ms voorzetwanden tpv gevels ms voorzetwanden tpv gevels

ja/nee

Bespreken met leverancier wat de mogelijkheden zijn.

Vooralsnog niets m.b.t. duurzaamheid te vinden..

sonorex

schilderwerk

binnenkozijnen

ja/nee

ja/nee

binnenkozijnen

kolommen

ja/nee

Met leverancier nagaan welke producten kunnen worden toegepast. Gedacht wordt aan Knauf Glaswol isolatie met Ecose. Nieuwe wanden dienen eenvoudig demontabel te zijn (conform bestaand?!). Tussen wand en drukschot een bandraster opnemen.

Circulair en evolutionair

reparatie en sauswerk midden en gevelkolommen nieuwe houten kozijnen incl. zijlicht en deuren in nieuwe wanden nieuwe houten kozijnen zonder zijlicht incl. deuren in nieuwe wanden houten gangpui studiedorp

binnenkozijnen

systeemplafonds

leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier Mogelijkheden t.a.v. duurzame uitvoering bespreken met leverancier

Circulair

Bandrastersysteem uitvoeren met profielen uit gerecycled materiaal. Bespreken met leverancier Uitvoeren met FSC/PEFC certificaat Forbo heeft C2C cerfiticaat. Optie in Vinyl is in behandeling. Met leverancier bespreken wat de mogelijkheden zijn t.a.v. het aanbrengen in relatie tot verwijderen.

Uitvoeren in Desso Essence met C2C certificaat. Vastzetten met antislip. Maximale uitwisselbaarheid

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee

ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee

ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee ja/nee

ja/nee

Puur natuur in gezoete uitvoering.

ja/nee

Aangevraagd en in onderzoek; Bribis Eco Keukens

ja/nee

Keuze voor cirulair/evolutionair oplossing gemaakt Keuze moet nog defintief worden gemaakt Geen duurzame optie/keuze

77

Invulling met Muller-SRA Invulling met MullerSRA, kwaliteit staat hier voorop.

Invulling met schilder Invulling met schilder Invulling met schilder Invulling met schilder Invulling met schilder

Invulling met schilder

Invulling met schilder

Invulling met schilder

Invulling met schilder

Invulling met schilder

Invulling met schilder Gebruik bestaande melamineplaten is naar mijn mening geen optie.

Invulling met Muller-SRA

Invulling met Muller-SRA Invulling met Muller-SRA Invulling met kitbedrijf

Invulling met Muller-SRA en Rockfon Invulling met Muller-SRA en Rockfon Invulling met Muller-SRA en Rockfon Invulling met Total projectservice Invulling met Total projectservice Invulling door BAM

TO BE FILLED IN

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79

Š 2016 Maikel Scholten, Delft University of Technology Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to the author with appropriate and specific citation to the original content. Using this material for any kind of commercial purpose is prohibited without consent from the author.