Development productivity for some cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l ) walp ) genotypes

Development Productivity for Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Genotypes

Omima Mohamed Abd El-Makksod

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Suez Canal University Faculty of Agriculture Agronomy Department

Supervising Committee

Prof. Dr. Mohamed A. El-Ashry-SCU. Prof. Dr. Tarek Youssef Bayoumi-SCU. Dr. Magdy Maher Mosad Mohamed-ARC. 2

Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) (2n =22) is an important fodder and food legume, primarily, cultivated in the arid-and-semiarid region of Africa. Cowpea originated and domesticated in Southern Africa and later spread to East and West Africa and Asia.

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harvested Stages

Cowpea can be harvested at three stages: 1. Young and Green Pods.

2. Mature and Green Pods.

3. Dry Pods.

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Cowpea Used Cowpea Used as Food: •Young Leaves.

•Immature Pods.

•Immature Seeds •Mature Dried Seeds.

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Cowpea Serve as Animal Feed: •Stems.

•Leaves.

•Straw.

Africa’s Production

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14.50 million hectares of land is planted by cowpea each year worldwide. Africa is responsible for 94.00% of this area. Egypt: 10.000 Feddan. Average Seed Yield: 1-Ton/Fad and Forage Yield: 38-Ton/Fad. Africa’s Production is Used as: 1. 52.00% for Food.

2. 13.00% as Animal Feed.

3. 10.00% for Seed.

4. 09.00% for Other Uses.

5. 16.00% is Wasted.

Chemical Composition Protein (%)

Fat (%)

Ash (%)

Fiber (%)

Carbohydrate (%)

Fresh Leaves

22.00

9.00

5.00

25.00

39.00

Dry Leaves

40.00

1.50

15.00

15.00

30.00

Husks of Cowpea

14.00

1.00

11.00

20.00

54.00

Seeds

26.00

1.30

3.00

5.00

60.00

Samples

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Breeding Most improvement programs of many crops use Diallel Analyses as they provide breeders information on the genetic value of varieties as parents and to assess the gene action which can be directed at improving yield and other related 8

quantitative characters.

Genetics Molecular markers enable the efficient and rapid incorporation of needed traits from germplasm in the gene banks. From a practical standpoint for marker development, cowpea presents distinct features.

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Objectives The present study, therefore, seeks to understand the gene actions and combining abilities of cowpea genotypes for seed and forage yields with the aim of developing a strategy for improving such yield traits. Development of a set of Retrotransposon-based DNA markers for cowpea.

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Techniques Using Retroelements as Molecular Markers 1. S-SAP: Sequence-Specific Amplified Polymorphism.

2. IRAP: Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism.

3. REMAP: Retrotransposon Microsatellite Amplification Polymorphisms.

4. RBIP: Retrotransposons-Based Insertion Polymorphism.

11 5. iPBS: Inter Primer Binding Sites Amplification.

Cowpea-Genotypes

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Materials Six genetically-divergent genotypes of cowpea used as the parents for the Diallel Crosses.

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Parents

Characterization

Origin

P1

White Seeds-Black Eye

Italy

P2

Light Brown Seeds-Black Eye

Egypt

P3

Light Brown Seeds-White Eye

Nigeria

P4

Red Seeds-White Eye

Nigeria

P5

Dark Brown-White Eye

Nigeria

P6

Buff-Dark Brown Seeds

Egypt

P8

Gray Seeds-White Eye

Nigeria

P12

Green Seeds-White Eye-Determine Growth

Nigeria

Research Plan The Research Plan under Consideration Carrying out in Three Phases: 1. to generate the F1-seeds (15+15=30) in a greenhouse at Forage Crops Research Dept.; Ismailia-Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia, Egypt.

2. to evaluate the Diallel Crosses and combining ability for forage and seed yields under field conditions at two locations; Ismailia & North Sinai, Egypt for forage traits and seed yield and its attributes.

3. Molecular Genetic Analysis.

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Evaluation of Diallel Crosses Evaluation of Diallel Crosses and combining ability for forage and seed yields under field conditions at two locations: 1.Forage Crops Research Dept.; Ismailia-Agriculture Research Station, Ismailia, Egypt. Flood Irrigation and Fresh Water.

2.North Sinai-Governorate, Egypt. Drip Irrigation and Saline water (Ranged from: 4200 To: 5400 ppm).

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Cowpea Flower Structure

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Cowpea Flower Structure

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Cowpea Flower Structure

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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Selected)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Sepals Removed)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Petals Removed)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Emasculated)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Emasculated Flower)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Labeled)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Labeled)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Covered)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Flower Crossed)

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Generate F1-Seeds (Pod Formed)

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Future Plan The Future Plan are: Establishing two experiments at two locations: 1. To Evaluate the Diallel Crosses and Combining Ability for Forage Yield under Field Condition.

2. To Evaluate the Diallel Crosses and Combining Ability for Seed Yield under Field Condition.

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In Addition to: • Development of a Set of Retrotransposon-based DNA Markers for Diallel Crosses.

Forage Traits

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Plant Height (cm)

Leaf / Stem Ratio

Forage Fresh Yield

No. of Branches/ Plt.

Forage Dry Yield

No. of Internodes/Main stem

Dry Matter (%)

Internodes Length (cm)

Quality Traits CP: Crude Protein CF: Crude Fiber TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients DCP: Digestible Crude Protein Carbohydrate (%) Fat (%)

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Ash (%)

Seed Yield Components

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Plant Height (cm)

Aboveground Biomass

No. of Branches/ Plt.

Seed Yield

Number of Pods / Plt.

Seed Index (100-Seeds Weight)

No. of seeds / Pod

Harvest Index

Cowpea Problems

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Cowpea Plants (Drip Irrigation-Saline Water; 4800 ppm)

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Cowpea Plants (Drip Irrigation-Saline Water; 4800 ppm)

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Acknowledgements The Research Work is Funded by Egyptian-Finnish-Project: "Enhancing Development of Water Use Efficient Crops & Production Methods to Dry and 36

Saline Conditions".

Thank You for Your Kind Attention

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