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M )) sfo{qmd ;dfKt sfd u/] /fd|} kmn kfOG5 . x'g;Sg] jf :jf:y /x]sfx¿nfO{

klg jif{sf] Ps k6s clgjfo{ ¿kdf d[uf}nf k/LIf0f ug{ ;'emfa lbG5g\ csf{ d[uf}nf /f]u ljz]if1 8f= Clifs'df/ sfˆn] . 8f= sfˆn] eG5G, …sl/a tLg ;osf] vr{df ;dod} /f]u klxrfg u/L pkrf/ u/fpg ;lsG5 eg] lsg gug]{ <Ú d[ u f} n fsf] d' V o sfd z/L/df /x]sf …d]6faf]lnhdÚaf6 pTkfbg x'g] ljsf/x¿ z/L/df hDdf x'g glbO{ aflx/ ˆofFSg] xf] .

To; afx]s d[uf}nfn] z/L/df kfgL / nj0fsf] dfqf ldnfpg, SoflN;od / kmf]:kmf]/;sf] ;Gt'ng sfod /fvL x•Lx¿ alnof agfpg, df+;k];L / g;fx¿ rNgsf nflu z/L/df ;f] l 8od, kf] 6 fl;odsf] dfqf ldnfpg, /ut agfpg] xfdf]{g, /Qmrfk lgoGq0f / d'6's} sfo{ lgoGq0f ug{ klg d[uf}nfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 . d[uf}nfn] ljsf/x¿nfO{ lk;fasf] dfWodaf6 kmfN5 eg], nj0fx¿ ;f]l8od, kf]6fl;od, SoflN;od, kmf]:kmf]/; h:tf tTjnfO{ ldnfpg] sfd ub{5 . h'g xfd|f] z/L/sf k|To]s sf]ifsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ 5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ z/L/sf b'O{j6f d[uf}nfn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf lbge/df nueu !*) ln6/eGbf a9L /ut lkmN6/ ug]{ sfd u5{g\ .

To;dWo] 8]9b]lv b'O{ ln6/ dfq} lk;fasf ¿kdf aflx/ kmfNg] sfd x'G5 / afFsL !&* ln6/ /ut tyf kfgLn] z/L/d} km}nfpF5 . 8f= a/fnsf cg';f/ of] b/df sfd ug{ ;s]g eg] d[uf}nfdf ;d:of b]lvg yfNof] eg]/ a'‰g'k5{ .Ú pgL eG5g\, …d[uf}nfn] /ut 5fGbf jf lkmN6/ ubf{ hlt ljsf/ pTkfbg x'G5 pQm ljsf/ lk;fasf dWodaf6 aflx/ k7fpg] sfd ub{5 .Ú z/L/df x'g] le6fldg …8LÚnfO{ lqmofzLn agfO{ sfd ug]{ :j¿knfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ sfo{ klg d[uf}nfn] ub{5 . le6fldg …8LÚsf] lqmofzLn ¿k ePkl5 z/L/df SoflN;od / kmf]:kmf]/;sf] ;Gt'ng cfpF5 . h;n] ubf{ xfd|f] z/L/df ePsf x•Lx¿ alnof] x'gs ' f ;fy} z/L/df SoflN;od / kmf]:kmf]/;sf] dfqf lgoGq0fdf /xg k'U5 . ;fdfGo JolQmsf] z/L/df b'O{j6f l;dL cfsf/sf sl/a !) ;]ld nfdf b'Oj{ 6f d[uf}nf d]?b08sf] bfFof–afFof s/ªd'lg ldn]/ a;]sf x'G5g\ . jo:s k'?ifsf] Pp6f d[uf}nfsf] nDafO !) ;]ld, df]6fO $ ;]ld / tf}n sl/a Ps ;o @% b]lv Ps ;o &) u| f d;Dd x' G 5 . dlxnfx¿sf] d[uf}nf t'ngfTds ¿kdf ;fgf]] x'G5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ d[uf}nfdf ;d:of b]lvg] d'VotM b'O{ sf/0f 5g\ . Pp6f d[ u f} n f cfkm}lF eqsf] ;d:of / csf]{ z/L/sf cGo cËdf nfu]sf /f]ux¿sf sf/0f . /fli6«o d[uf}nf pkrf/ s]G›sf lgb]{zs ;d]t /x]sf 8f= sfˆn] eG5G, …dw'dx] , pRr /Qmrfk, d'6,' sn]hf], lau|]sf] cj:yfdf klg d[uf}nfdf c;/ ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5,Ú pgn] yk], …To:t} d[uf}nfsf] kTy/L, 6\ o ' d /, SofG;/h:tf ;lh{sn ;d:ofn] klg d[uf}nf laufg{ ;S5 . Unf] d ?nf] g ] k | m fOl6:, kf]lnl;l:6s ls8\gL l8lhh cyf{t\ kfgLsf] kmf]sf b]lvg] /f]un] klg d[uf}nf v/fa u5{ .Ú 8f= a/fnn] d[ u f} n f /f] u Lsf]

pkrf/sf qmddf a6'ns ] f] cg'ej ;'gfP, …hGdhft x'g] ;d:of, j+zf0f'ut /f]usf] ;d:of, dw'dx] , pRr /Qmrfk, afy tyf g;fsf /f]ux¿, d'6,' kmf]S;f] sn]hf]df x'g] ljleGg /f]ux¿sf sf/0f klg d[uf}nfdf ;d:of cfpF5 .Ú z/L/sf] ;~rfng k|lqmof d[uf}nflagf ;Dej g} gx'g] ePsfn] ;d:of b]lvgf;fy pkrf/ vf]lhxfNg'k5{ . d[uf}nfn] sfd ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf rflxF d]l;gsf] ;xfotfdf d[uf}nfsf] sfd u/fpg] k4lt 8fOnfl;; jf d[uf}nfsf] k|Tof/f]k0fsf] ljsNk /xGg . g]kfndf ;fdfGotof d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu ;f9] tLg nfvb]lv kfFr nfv ?k}ofF;Dd vr{ x'G5 . t/, k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu d[ u f} n f bftf cfˆgf] glhss} gftfaf6 x'gk' 5{, h'g ;xh sfd xf]Og . k|Tof/f]k0f ul/;s]kl5 vfg] cf} i flw / k| T of/f] k 0fcl3sf] 8fonfl;; ug{ ;fdfGo g]kfnLsf] sdfOn] wfGg ;Sb}g . d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f klxnf] k6s ;g\ !(%$ df cd] l /sfsf] af] : 6gdf b' O { h' D Nofxf bfh' e fOdf ul/Psf] lyof] . To;sf] %$ jif{kl5 cyf{t\ ;g\ @))* df dfq} g]kfndf of] ;]jf ;'? ul/Psf] xf] . s;/L ug]{ d[uf}nfsf] x]/rfx < lrlsT;sx¿ eG5g\ , …jif{ d f Psk6s d[uf}nfsf] hfFr ug{' clgjfo{ 5 .Ú To;afx]s d[uf}nfnfO{ rflxg] cfjZos dfqfdf kfgL lkpg] ug{'kb{5 . Ps JolQmn] ;fdfGotM b}lgs c9fO{bl] v tLg ln6/;Dd lk;fa x'g]u/L kfgL lkpg 8f= zfxsf] ;Nnfx 5 . k|f/lDes txsf hfFraf6 d[uf}nfdf /x]sf] u8a8Lsf] ;Í]t ldn]kl5 s'g txsf] ;d:of 5 eGg] hfGgsf nflu eg] ljz]if k/LIf0f ug{k' g]{ x'G5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ cfkm" v ' ; L / hyfefjL ¿kdf PlG6afof]l6s / k]g lsn/ cf}iflwsf] k|of]un] klg d[uf}nf v/fa x'g] qmd a9fpF b } nu] s f] 5 . lgoldt Jofofd, vfgkfgdf laz] i f Wofg,z/L/df tf}n / /Qmrfksf] lgoGq0fn] klg d[uf}nf hf]ufpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]N5 . d[uf}nfdf b]vfkg]{ ;d:ofx¿ x] l /l86/L l8lhh] h M h;nfO{ xfdL …cNkf]6 l;G8«dÚ klg eG5f} . h;sf sf/0f aRrfx¿n] sfg sd ;'Gg], cfFvfsf] v/faL / d[uf}nfsf] /f]ux¿ cfpg ;S5 . ˆofjl/h l8lhh M o;nfO{ j+iff0f'ut /f]usf ¿kdf lrlgG5 . h;n] d[uf}nfdf c;/ ug{ ;S5 . aRrfsf] z/L/sf] ljsf;;F u } d[ u f} n f v/fa x' g ] /f] u nfO{ ˆofj/] j l8lhh eGb5f}F . d[uf}nfdf kfgLsf] kmf]sfx¿ x'g] /f] u M of] klg hGdhft cfpg] /f]u xf] . of] b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . Pp6f aRrfdf x'G5, h;nfO{ xfdL …Pcf/ kLs] 8 LÚ -c6f] h f] d n l/;] l ;e kf]ln;]l:6s ls8\gL l8lhh_ eG5f}F . o:tf /f]uLsf] k|foM jo:s;Dd k'Ug gkfpFbg} aRrf cj:yfd} d[To' x'G5 . csf]{ rflxF, jo:sx¿df x'g] …c6f]hf]dn 8f]ldGof6\ kf]ln;]l:6s ls8\gL l8lhhÚ . of] j+zf0f'ut ;d:of xf] / x/]s k':tfdf cyf{t\

a' a f–cfdf jf xh' / af– xh'/cfdfnfO{ 5 eg] ltgsf ;GtltnfO{ ;d]t d[uf}nf /f]u x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf %) k|ltzt;Dd /xG5 . o;n] ;fwf/0ftof $) b]lv %) jif{sf dflg;sf] ls8\gL km]n u/fpF5 . kfgLsf] kmf]sfsf] pkrf/ x'Fb}g / gofF d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f g} ug{k' 5{ .

PSjfP8{ ls8\gL l8lhh M hGdb} ;fwf/0f b]lvg] d[uf}nfdf klg /f]ux¿ cfpg ;S5g\ . o;df sltko d[uf}nf leq}af6 cfpg] /f]ux¿ 5g\ . To;dWo] …Unf]d?nf] g]km| fOl6;Ú Pp6f k|dv ' /f]u xf] . s] xf] Unf]d?nf] g]k|mfOl6; < d[uf}nfn] Ps lbgdf Ps ;o *) ln6/ /ut tyf kfgL lkmN6/ ug{k' 5{, Tof] lkmN6/ ug]{ cËsf] gfd …Unf]d?nf]Ú xf] . …g]km| f]gÚ h'g efudf x'G5 To; efusf] dxTjk"0f{ efunfO{ Unf] d ?nf] elgG5 .

To;sf] s'g} efu 8\ofd]h eof] eg] To;n] Unf]d?nf] g]km| fOl6; x'G5 . Unf]d?nf] g]k|mfOl6;n] lk;fadf k|fl] 6g hfg], /ut b]lvg], ;]tf /Qmsf]if b]lvg] vfn] ;d:of lgDTofpF5 . To;kl5 cg'xf/ tyf k" / } z/L/ g} ;' l Ggg] eP/ la/fdLx¿ c:ktfn k'U5g\ . o;sf] klxrfg ug{ s f nflu d[uf}nfsf] …afoK;LÚ ug{'k5{ . afoK;Lkl5 dfq} /f]u kQf nfUg ;S5 . ;dod} pkrf/ eof] eg] d[uf}nf km]n x'gaf6 hf]ufpg ;lsG5 . Unf]d?nf] g]k|mfOl6; d[uf}nfs} sf/0fn] klg x'g ;S5 eg] cGo /f]usf sf/0fn] klg . afy /f]u / SofG;/n] klg o:tf] ;d:of lgDTofpFg ;S5 . To:t}, d[uf}nfdf …;]s]G8/L Unf]d?nf] g]km| fOl6;Ú eof] eg] klg ;d:of b]lvg ;S5 . cf}iflw / ;+qmd0fsf sf/0f o:tf] x'g ;S5 .

Unf]d?nf] g]k|mfOl6;sf nIf0f z/L/ ;' l GgP/ cfpg] , pRr /Qmrfk x'g,] d[uf}nf km]n x'g,] lk;fjdf cf/aL;L, k|f]l6g / 8ANo'aL;L b]lvg], z/L/df k|fl] 6g sd x'g] / sf]n:] 6f]/n ] a9\g] . dw'd]x / pRr /Qmrfk dw' d ] x ePsf ;a} /f] u Lsf] d[uf}nfdf c;/ k'Ub}g . dw'dx] klg b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . 6fOk–! / 6fOk–@ . z/L/df OG;'lng gePsf aRrfdf 6fOk–! dw'dx] b]lvG5 . 6fOk–@ jo:sdf x'G5 . To;df rflxF OG;'lngsf] dfqf a9L x'G5 . o:tf la/fdLnfO{ dw'dx] ePsf] !) b] l v @) jifl{ \ e q d[uf}nfdf $) b]lv %) k|ltzt c;/ ul/;s]sf] x'G5 . h;nfO{ …8folal6s g]km| f]KofyLÚ elgG5 cyf{t\ 8folal6hn] x'g] d[uf}nfsf] /f]u . ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf a9L d[uf}nf km]n u/fpg] /f]u eg]s} 8fOlal6h g]km| f]KofyL xf] . dw'dx] lgoGq0f aflx/ k'u]kl5 To;n] d[uf}nf v/fa ub}{ n}hfG5 / cGttM d[ u f} n f km] n x' G 5 . ;+;f/df sl/a %) k|ltzt d[uf}nf km]n 8fOlal6h g]kf| K] ofyLsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf] cWoogx¿n] b]vfPsf 5g\ . pRr /Qmrfkn] d[uf}nf km]n x'g] ;d:of klg plQs} 5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ g]kfndf 8fOlal6h g]kf| K] ofyL kl5 d[uf}nf km]n u/fpg] bf];f| ] sf/0f pRr /Qmrfk xf] . afFsL # k]hdf

dw]z kf]i6 @)&# k'; % ut], d+unjf/

cg'dlt glnP/ k|of]u ul/Psf] pks/0fdf l;naGbL sf7df8f},F % k'; . cg'dlt glnP/ pks/0f k|of]u ul/Psf] eGb} ;/sf/n] cf7 c:ktfnsf To:tf pks/0fdf l;naGbL u/] s f] 5. dfgj :jf:Yo tyf jftfj/0fdf c;/ ug]{ /]l8of]wdL{ ljls/0f pTkfbg ug]{ k'/fgf d]l8sn pks/0f cg'dlt glnO{ c:ktfnn] cfoft u/] s faf/] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf ph'/L k/]kl5 :jf:Yo dGqfnon] jl/i7 hg:jf:Yo k| z f;s efg' o] ª ub] g sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] lyof] .

;ldltn] df}nfsflnsf c:ktfndf ;~rflnt gf/fo0fL Od{lhª P08 8fOgf]li6s ;]G6/, Unf]jn xl:k6n P08 Ph's];g kmfpG8] ; g Ujfsf] { nlntk' / , lj/f6gu/ c:ktfn, df]/ª nfOkm uf8{ c:ktfn lj/f6gu/, sGsfO{ c:ktfn ljtf{df]8 emfkf, n'lDagL d]l8sn sn]h a'6jn, u08sL Od]l{ hª ;]G6/ kf]v/f / g]kfnuGh d]l8sn sn]h afFsn ] ] l;6L :Sofg, Pdcf/cfO d] l ;g, PS;/] , cN6"f;fpG8nufot d]l;g cg'dlt lagf vl/b ul/Psf] kfPkl5 ;DalGwt lhNnfsf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodf kq k7fO{ tL ;fdu|L

hkmt u/] / l;n ug{ cfb] z lbPsf] 5 . ;ldltn] lxhf] :jf:YodGqL uugs'df/ yfkfnfO{ k|ltj]bg a'emfO{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf :yfkgf ;~rfng tyf :t/f] G glt dfkb08;DaGwL lgb]l{ zsf, @)&) sf] bkmf @# s -*_ / v -&_ adf]lhd l;n ug'k{ g]{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] . :jf:Yo ;+ : yf tyf c:ktfnn] ;fdu|L vl/b ubf{ dGqfnodf jf ;DalGwt hg:jf:Yo sfof{nodf vl/b tyf ;~rfng cg'dlt lng'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . /f;;

:yfgLo lgsfo lgjf{rgsf] afws Pdfn] M /f0ff eQmk'/, % k'; . /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf /fli6«o cWoIf kz'klt zDz] / /f0ffn] g] s kf Pdfn] jt{dfg /fli6«o ;+s6 lgjf/0fsf] afws ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . /kmt ;~rf/ Snan] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;fIfTsf/ sfo{qmddf af]Nb} /f0ffn] :yflgo lgsfo lgjf{rg nfdf] ;do ;Dd x'g g;s]sf] / tf]lsPsf] ldlt glhlsFb} ubf{

Pdfn] n ] cj/f] w u/] s } sf/0f lgjf{rg cf]em]ndf kb}{ uPsf] atfpg' eof] .pxfFn] l;+dfsgsf af/] Pdfn] dfcf]afbL / sfFu; ]| n] lautdf u/]sf] ;xdtLnfO{ e'Nb} Pdfn]n] ;bg / ;8s cj/f]w h;/L ul//x]sf] 5, Pdfn]sf] pN6f] e"ldsfs} sf/0f l;+dfsgsf] laifon] b]zdf yk ;+s6 lelqPsf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFn] lgjf{rg tf]lsPsf]

;dodf geP b]zn] ;+a}wflgs ;+s6 a]xf]g{' kg]{ bfjL ug'{ eof] . ;/sf/n] Pdfn] jf dw];jfbL h;sf] dfu ;Daf]wg u/] klg ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g] gb]lvPsfn] b]z yk ;+s6 tkm{ uO/x]sf] eGb} /f0ffn] jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] ufF7f] km'sfpg cn]Sh]G8/sf] t/jf/ cfjZos ePsf] l6Kk0fL ug' { eof] .

s;/L ug]{ d[uf}nfsf] ==== cA:6lS6e o' / f] K ofyL lk;fa ;DaGwL /f]u cA:6lS6e o'/f]KofyL k|fylds /f]u eg] xf]Og . of] /f]u kTy/L, SofG;/, lkmdf]l;;, o'/y] n | l:6«Sr/ cflbn] x'g] ub{5 . 8f= a/fn eG5G, …lk;fa dfu{df cj/f]w x'bF f d[uf}nf ;'lGgb} hfG5 / kl5 km]n x'G5 . t/ oL ;d:of ;'?d} klxrfg u/L pkrf/ u/fPdf d[uf}nf km]n x'gaf6 hf]ufpg ;lsG5 .Ú aRrf hGdFbf lnËsf] 6'Kkf]sf] 5fnf k5fl8 gkml{s \ bF f klg lk;fa /f]lsP/ d[uf}nf km]n x'g ;S5 . g]kfndf w]/h } ;f] cfdfn] Vofn gul/lbFbf o:tf] ;d:of ePsf aRrfnfO{ kl5 c:ktfndf NofPsf] kfOG5 . lk;fa gnLdf …Sof6]y/Ú /fVbf rf]6 nfUof] eg] ToxfFsf] gnL ;f3'l/Fb} uO{ …o'/y] f| Úaf6 nfdf] ;do;Dd lk;fa k"/} glg:sPkl5 d[uf}nfdf ;d:of b]vf kg{ yfN5 . dlxnfx¿sf] cfª v:g] ;d:ofn] klg d[uf}nfdf c;/ k'U5 . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ cfª v:bf cufl8sf] lk;fa y}nL / gnL ePsf] 7fpFdf rfk kg{ uO{ ;xL 9Ën] sfd ug{ g;Sbf d[uf}nf km]n x'G5 .

OG6/l:6l;on g] k | m f] K ofyL ljleGg cf}iflwsf] k|ltc;/ / cgfjZos ;]jgsf sf/0f d[uf}nf km]n x'g] ;d:ofnfO{ OG6/l:6l;on g]km| f]KofyL elgG5 . k|foM b'vfO sd ug]{ …k]glsn/Ún] o:tf] ;d:of lgDTofpF5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd k]glsn/ k|of]u ug]{ dflg;sf] d[uf}nf km]n x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 . …k]lgl;lngÚ ;d"xsf PlG6afof]l6sx¿n] klg o:tf] ;d:of Nofpg] lrlsT;sx¿ atfpF5g\ . lk;fa gnLdf nfUg] /f]ux¿, lk;fa y}nL / k|f:] 6]6 u|GyLdf x'g] 6\od ' /, kTy/L jf cGo sf/0fn] lk;fa dfu{df cj/f]w x'bF f klg d[uf}nf km]n x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . cfo'j]{lbs h8La'6Lsf] hyfefjL k|of]u lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/ w]/} h8La'6L tyf cfo'jl{] bs cf}iflwsf] k|of]un] klg d[uf}nf km]n u/fPsf pbfx/0f k|;:t 5g\ . cfo'jl] b\{ s cf}iflwn] s'g} k|ltc;/ ub}g{ eGg] s'/f e|dk"0f{ /x]sf] lrlsT;sx¿ bfaL u5{g\ . sltko cfo'jl] b\{ s cf}iflws} sf/0f d[uf}nf km]n x'g] u/]sf] cg';Gwfgn] b]vfPsf] 5 . oL afx]s, …Sof8ljodÚ, ds{/L, …n]8Úh:tf uX?Fuf wft'n] klg d[uf}nf km]n u/fpg ;S5g\ . d]?b08sf] ;d:of 9f8 tyf d]?b08sf] ;d:ofn] klg ls8\gLdf c;/ u5{ . h;n] ubf{ lk;fa ug{ ufx|f] x'bF } hfG5 / d[uf}nfdf c;/ b]lvg yfN5 . …Go'/f]hlgs Anf8/Ún] k"/} lk;fa aflx/ kmfNg g;s]kl5 sfnfGt/df d[uf}nf km]n x'G5 .

PSo'8 ls8\gL OGh'/L -Ps]cfO{_ cGo ;d:ofsf sf/0f d[uf}nf km]n x'g] cj:yfnfO{ …PSo'8 ls8\gL OGh'/LÚ elgG5 . d'6' km]n ePsf] cj:yf, …;]lK;;Ú ;+qmd0f, emf8f kfvfnf jf cl/Ëfn, ;k{n] 6f]s/] d[To' x'g' eg]sf] PSo'8 ls8\gL km]nsf sf/0fn] xf] . oL /f]usf] ;dod} pkrf/ u/]sf] v08df d[uf}nf ;fdfGo eP/ cfpF5 . o:t} …dN6L cuf{gÚ km]n x'bF f klg ls8\gL km]n x'G5 . uef{j:yfdf x'g] d[uf}nfsf] ;d:of uef{j:yfdf w]/} /ut aUof] jf 3fpsf] ;+qmd0f clGtd cj:yfdf k'Uof] eg] klg d[uf}nfdf c;/ k5{ . uef{j:yfdf w]/} /ut uO/Xof] eg] d[uf}nf slxNo} gkmls{g] u/L …8\ofd]hÚ x'g ;S5 . h;nfO{ …PSo'6 sl6{sn g]kf| l] ;;Ú elgG5 . d[uf}nf km]n x'g] sf/0f d[uf}nf km]nsf nIf0fx¿ – 5fnf ;'Vvf x'g] / lrnfpg] – pRr /Qmrfk x'g] – j+zf0f'ut – z/L/ b'AnfpFb} hfg] – dw'dx] – z/L/sf ljleGg cË ;'lGgg] – /utsf] dfqf sd x'bF } hfg] – dlxgfjf/L ;dodf gx'g] – pRr /Qmrfk – lk;fa sd x'g] / kf]Ng] – of}g ?lr 36\b} hfg] – lk;fa ;DaGwL ;d:of – lk;fadf /ut b]lvg] – k|hgg b/df sdL cfpg] – kf7]3/ v:g' – If0fIf0fdf lk;fa eO/xg] – d[uf}nfdf kTy/L, 6\od ' / – yf]/} lxF8b\ f klg ysfO nfUg] – 9f8 / sDd/ b'Vg] – k|f:] 6]6sf] cfsf/df a[l4 – ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] x'g] – hGdhft lk;fa gnLdf v/faL – sf]vf b'Vg], Hj/f] cfpg] – /utdf b"lift kbfy{sf] k|jfx – vfgfdf ?lr 36\g] – nfdf] ;do k]glsn/sf] k|of]u – lkF8f}nfsf] df;' kmls{g] – z/L/df kfgLsf] sdL .

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;'8fgdf sfo{/t b'O{ g]kfnL;lxt tLghgf /fi6«;ª\3 sd{rf/L ckx/0fd'Qm h]ge ] f -:jL6\h/NofG8_, % k'; . ;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; ª\ 3 sf] z/0ffyL{ ; DaGwL ;+ : yf - o"PgPr;Lcf/_ sf Ps dlxgf klxn] ;'8fgaf6 ckx/0fdf k/]sf b'O{ g]kfnL;lxt tLg sd{rf/L l/xf ePsf] ;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; ª\ 3 n] dª\unaf/ hgfPsf] 5 . /fi6« ; ª\ 3 sf oL tLg}hgf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'8fgsf] åGåu|:t 8fkm/ If]qaf6 Ps ;z:q ;d"xn] ut gf]eD] a/ @& ut] 8fkm/ k|fGtsf] /fhwfgL Pn h] g } g faf6 ckx/0fdf k/] s f lyP ./fi6« ; ª\ 3 sf z/0ffyL{ dfldnf k|dv ' lkmlnKkf] u|fG8Ln] Ps dlxgf klxn] ckx/0fdf k/]sf z/0ffyL{ lgof]udf sfo{/t b'O{ hgf g]kfnL gful/s ;?g k|wfg / /d]z sfsL{ / Ps ;'8fgL gful/s d';f cf]d/ d';f df]xdb l/xf ul/Psf] laxLaf/ Ps lj1lKt hf/L u/L hgfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn]

cfkm\ g f] sd{ r f/Lsf] l/xfOsf] kxnsf nflu ;'8fgL ;/sf/ / ;'/IffsdL{kl| t cfef/ JoQm u/]sf] 5 . /fi6« ; ª\ 3 n] ckx/0f d'Qm pgLx¿sf af/]df o;eGbf a9L lj:t[t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g . tTsfn o; ;dodf xfd|f ;xsdL{sf] :jf:Yo / lxtsf nflu / pgLx¿sf lk|ohgsf] lxtsf nflu Wofg s]lGb|t ul/g] o"PgPr;Lcf/sf k|jQmf Pl8"Pg P8jf8{ ; n] ;~rf/sdL{ ; F u atfpg'eof] . ;Dej eP;Dd ;a} sfo{ pgLx¿sf] /] v b] v sf] jftfj/0f l;h{ g f ug{ o"PgPr;Lcf/ nfluk/]sf] P8jf8{n] atfpg'eof] . o"PgPr;Lcf/sf sd{ r f/Lx¿ ljZje/ clt g} sl7g kl/l:yltsfaLr cfkm\gf kl/jf/af6 nfdf] ;do;Dd 6f9f

/x]/ ;d:ofdf k/]sf] dflg;sf] ;]jfdf bQlrQ /xg] u5{g, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . c¿ dfgjLo ;xof]u ug]{ JolQmnfO{ h:tf] pgLx¿nfO{ ckx/0fsf] vt/f, lx+;f / wDsL cfpg gx' g ] k| j Qmf P8jf8{ n ] atfpg'eof] .

P8jf8{ n ] cfkm\ g f] ;ª\u7gåf/f ;'8fgdf lbOFb} cfPsf] ;]jfnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf ;d]t lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|ltj4tf ;d]t JoQm ug'e { of]] . kl5Nnf s]xL jif{df ;'8fgdf dfgjLo ;xof]udf vl6Psf s} o f} F :jb] z L tyf ljb] z LnfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ u/]sf kfOPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))# df 8fkm/ k|fGtdf e8\lsPsf] åGåkl5 sl/a tLg nfv dflg; o; If] q df dfl/Psf / @% nfveGbf a9L dflg; lj:yflkt ePsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ; ª\ 3 sf] tYofª\ s 5 . /f;;÷PPkmkL

;g\ @)!^ klg e"dWo;ful/o If]qsf z/0ffyL{sf nflu 3fts M cfO{cf]Pd h]ge ] f, % k'; . e"dWo;ful/o If]qsf cfk|jf;Lsf nflu ;g\ @)!^ o;cl3sf jif{sf t'ngfdf emg\ 3fts ePsf] z/0ffyL{ ; DaGwL cGt/f{ l i6« o ;ª\ u 7g -cfO{ c f] P d_ n] dª\unaf/ hgfPsf] 5 . cfO{cf]Pdn] e"dWo;ful/o af6f] eP/ o'/f]kn ] L d'ns ' k'Ug] k|of;df o; jif{ rf/ xhf/ ()! cfk| j f;L tyf z/0ffyL{n] Hofg u'dfPsf hgfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% df oxL af6f]

o'/f]k k'Ug] k|of;df tLg xhf/ &&& JolQmn] Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . ;g\ @)!% df k|lt @^& JolQmn] o'/f]k k'ug u/]sf] k|of;df Ps hgfn] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] cfO{cf]Pdsf] tYofª\s lyof] . cfO{cf]Pdsf] kl5Nnf] tYofª\scg';f/ cfk|jf;L tyf z/0ffyL{sf] o'/f]k hfg] qmddf e"dWo;ful/o If]qsf] pQ/ clk|msL af6f] x'Fb} O6fnL k'Ug] qmddf ;a}eGbf a9L -rf/ xhf/ $)# _ hgfsf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] .

To;}u/L o; jif{ k"jL{ e"dWo;fu/Lo af6f], h;n] 6sL{ / u|L;nfO{ 5'§fpF5, df $@( hgf cfk| j f;L tyf z/0ffyL{sf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . afFsL ;a} klZrdL e"dWo;fu/Lo af6f]df ePsf b' 3 { 6 gfdf d[ T o' ePsf atfOPsf] 5 . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o; If]qaf6 o'/f]k k'Ug] z/0ffyL{sf] ;ª\Vofdf pNn]Vo sdL cfPsf] e]l6P klg c;'/lIft ofqfsf sf/0f Hofg u'dfpg]sf] ;ª\Vof eg] a9L b]lvPsf] 5.

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alnp8 :6f/sf ;Gtfgx?n] afa'cfdfsf] kblrGx k5\ofpg' gf}nf] xf]Og . kl5Nnf] ;do cleg]tf zfx?v vfgsf 5f]/f / ;}km cln vfgsL 5f]/L Ps};fy lkmNd OG8:6«Ldf sbd /fVb}5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ lgb]{zg ug]{5g\ lgb]{zs s/0f hf}x/n] . ;}km cnL vfgsL 5f]/L ;f/f cnL vfgnfO{ lnP/ lkmNd agfpg] tof/L hf} x /n] klxNo} u/] s f lyP . ;f] lkmNddf Clts /f]zg gfos x'g] rrf{ rn]sf] lyof] . t/ clxn] zfx?v vfgsf 5f]/f cfo{g pgsf] hf]8L aGg] nueu kSsf ePsf] 5 .

To;f] t zfx?v k'q cfo{g cfkm\gf] k9fO{sf l;nl;nfdf n; P`\ h]n;df 5g\ . pgL k9fO{ ;s]/ kms]{kl5 dfq} lkmNdsf] ;'l6ª ;'? x'g] 5 . To;f] t cfo{gn] lkmNd v]Ngsf nflu cfkm\gf] tof/L ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . pgn] lalxaf/ crfgs cfkm\gf] OG:6fu|fd csfpG6 l8ln6 u/]/ k"0f{?kdf cfkm\gf] sl/c/df Wofg lbg rfx]sf] ;+s]t u/]sf 5g\ . zfx?n] s]xL lbgcl3 cfkm\gf] 5f]/fnfO{ lkmNddf OG6«L u/fpg nfu]sf] Ozf/f u/]sf lyP . pgn] eg]sf lyP, …d cfo{gnfO{ w]/}eGbf w]/} lkmNd b]vfO/x]sf] 5' lsgsL p;n] rfF8} g} lkmNd :s'n HjfOg ub}{5 . d}n] xfn} /fd|f /fd|f c+u|]hL / lxGbL lkmNdsf] sn]S;g klg u/]sf] 5' . tL ;a} lkmNdx? cfo{gnfO{ b]vfpg]5' h;df s]xL lkmNd d]/f klg x'g]5g\ .Ú ;}km clnsL 5f]/L ;f/f klg alnp8df 8]Ao"sf nflu clegosf] Snf; lng yfn]sL l5g\ . pgsL cfdf cd[tfn] cfˆgL 5f]/L clego l;s]kl5 lkmNddf sbd /fVg] atfPsL l5g\ .

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To:t} ltjf/LnfO{ xTof u/]sf] cleof]udf cg';Gwfgsf nflu tLg hgfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ?kGb]xLsf k|x/L gfoj pkl/Ifs a]naxfb'/ kf08]n] atfpg' eof] . 36gfsf] cg';Gwfgsf nflu sf7df8f} + a f6 /fli6« o cg';Gwfg ljefusf] Ps 6f]nL klg ?kGb]xL cfOk'u]sf] 5 . 6f]nLn] lhNnfsf] ljleGg efudf 5l/P/ 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] Pdfn] lgs6 o'jf ;+3 ?kGb]xLsf cWoIf b'uf{ ltjf/Lsf]

sf7df8f},F % k'; . jfl0fHo tyf cfk" l t{ d GqL lbks af] x f] / fn] cgfjZos bafa lbP/ g]kfnL Uof; pkef]Qmfdf dgf]j1} flgs qf; l;h{gf ul/Psf]df cfklQ hgfpg' ePsf] 5 . g]kfn PnkL Uof; pBf]u ;ª\3sf] !& jflif{sf]T;jsf cj;/df d+ u njf/ cfof] l ht sfo{qmddf pxfFn] 5nkmn / jftf{sf] dfWoodaf6} ;a} ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ Uof; Joj;foLnfO{ cfXjfg klg ug'e { of] . dGqL af]xf]/fn] Uof; cfk"lt{ Joj:yf r':t t'Nofpg / cfdpkef]QmfnfO{ To;sf] ;xh pknAwtf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;/sf/ k|lta4 /x]sf] atfpFb} pkef]Qmf lxtsf nflu ;ª\3;Fu ldn]/ sfd ug{ ;/sf/ ;bf tTk/ /x]sf] 5 eGg'eof] . d'gfkmf cfh{gtkm{ dfq gnfuL cltsi7sf a]nf ? !) xhf/ ;Dd lt/]/ Pp6f l;lnG8/ lsg]sf pkef]QmfnfO{ a]j:tf gug{ cfu|x ub}{ pxfFn] pBf]ux? klg dh{/ x'gk' g]d { f hf]8 lbg'eof] .

?kGb] x L, % k' ; . o' j f ;+ 3 ?kGb] x Lsf cWoIf b' u f{ k | ; fb ltjf/Lsf] xTofdf k|of]u ePsf] df]6/;fOsn k|x/Ln] a/fdb u/]sf] 5 . af %! k *)&# gDa/sf] df]6/;fOsn b]abxsf] v}/g] Laf6 a/fdb ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5. a/fdb df]6/;fOsn ! ;o %) l;;Lsf] /ftf] /+usf] 5 .

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xTofaf/] cg';Gwfg ug{ 5fglag ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . u[x dGqfnon] k| x /L dxflg/LIfs lj1fg/fh zdf{sf] g]tT[ jdf rf/ ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] xf] . ltjf/L xTofsf] lj/f]w ub}{ o'jf ;+3n] d+unaf/ ?kGb]xL;lxt n'lDagL c~rnsf ljleGg lhNnf aGb u/]sf 5g\ . aGbsf sf/0f hghLjg si6s/ aGb} uPsf] 5 . ;8sdf uf8L u'8g] g\ eg] z}lIfs ;+:yf, pBf]u snsf/vfgf ;a} aGb /x] . ?kGb]xLsf afl;Gbfn] Ps dlxgf otf d+unaf/;lxt !! lbg aGbsf] ;f:tL ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 .

pkk|d lglw / l:j6\h/NofG8sf /fhb"taLr e]6jftf{ sf7df8f},F % k'; . pkk|wfgdGqL Pjd\ u[xdGqL ljdn]Gb| lglw / g]kfnsf nflu l:jh/NofG8sf /fhb" t 8f of] u { lhof] e fGgL lk|m8]gaLr lzi6frf/ e]6jftf{ ePsf] 5 .

u[x dGqfnodf cfh ePsf] e]6df pxfF x ?aLr g] k fnsf] kl5Nnf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g, cfk;L ;DaGw / låkIfLo ;xof] u sf af/] d f s' / fsfgL ePsf] pkk| w fgdGqL lglwsf k|]; ;Nnfxsf/ /fdhL

bfxfnn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . e]6df pkk|wfgdGqL lglwn] g]kfnsf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf l:j6h/NofG8n] u/]sf] ;xof]usf nflu wGojfb lbg' e Psf] lyof] .

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Sofd/f 6«oflkª k|ljlwaf6 af3u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 . tLg r/0fdf ;f] sfd ;DkGg ul/g] 5 . h'nf]lhsn ;f];fO6L ckm nG8g g]kfn sfof{nosf] cfly{s ;xof]u / /fli6«o k|sl[ t ;+/If0f sf]ifsf] ;xof]udf ;f] u0fgf ;'? ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o af3 u0fgf cGtu{t ;f] cf/If0fdf ;g\ @)!# . !$df df ;ft / ;g\ @)!$÷!% df !) j6f af3 /x]sf] sfof{non] hgfPsf] 5 . k;f{, af/f tyf dsjfgk'/sf jg ;d]6s ] f] ;f] cf/ If0fsf] If]qkmn ^@&= #^ jlsdL 5 .

ltjf/Lsf] xTof 5fglag ug{ ;ldlt u7g sf7df8f},F % k'; . ;/sf/n] g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf] e|ft[ ;ª\u7g o'jf ;ª\3 g]kfnsf ?kGb]xL lhNnf cWoIf b'uf{k; | fb ltjf/Lsf] xTofsf] 5fglag ug{ pRr:t/Lo 5fglag ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] 5 . u[x dGqfnon] g]kfn k|x/Lsf cltl/Qm k|x/L dxflg/LIfs lj1fg/fh zdf{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf cfh rf/ ;b:oLo ;ldlt u7g u/]sf] dGqfnosf k|jQmf afns[i0f kGyLn] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;ldltn] 36gfsf] 5fglag u/L ;TotYo ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg !% lbgleq dGqfnonfO{ a'emfpg] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] a'waf/b]lv g} ;ldltn] sfd ug]{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . k|jQmf kGyLsf cg';f/ ;ldltsf cGo ;b:odf /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefusf cg';Gwfg lgb]z { s ofbjk|;fb /]UdL, jl/i7 k|x/L pk/LIfs dgf]h Gof}kfg] / u[x dGqfnosf pk;lrj lzj/fh hf]zL /xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] uf]nL k|xf/ ug]s { f] vf]hL eO/x]sf] eGb} kqmfp ug{sf nflu ljleGg gfsf / ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] .

zLt nx/ ;DalGw clkn o; @)&# ;fnsf] lxpmFb ofd ;Fu} ;nf{xL lhNnfdf klg afSnf] x':;' nflu lr;f]sf sf/0f hghLjg k|efljt x'g glbg cGo pko'Qm pkfosf cltl/Qm b]xfosf laifodf ;xof]u k'-ofpgx'g ;/f]sf/jfnf Pj+ cfd lhNnfjf;LnfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5' . != x'gn ] ] gx'g] l5d]sL jf cGoq :yfgsf ljkGgnfO{ nlIft u/L ;+alGwt g=kf= / uf=lj=;= jf glhssf] k|x/L lgsfo ;Fu ;dGjo u/L Gofgf] sk8f / sDan ljt/0f u/f}+ . @= lr;f]af6 aRg] pkfosf ;+aGwdf :yfgLo :jf:YosdL{ ;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;r]tgfTds sfo{qmd rnfcf}+ . #= gofF Gofgf] sk8f / sDan ljt/0f ug{ rfxg] OR5's bftf jf lgsfon] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf ;+ks{ /fVg'xf];\ . $= jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltx?n] :yfgLo lgsfo jf glhssf] k|x/L o"lg6;Fu ;dGjo u/L ljkGgsf nflu afNg] / tfKg] bfp/f pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u u/f}+ . k|bLk/fh s0f]n k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L

;fj{hlgs cg'/f]w

–ue{ j tL cj:yfdf x' g ;Sg] vt/fsf nIf0fx? dlxnf tyf kl/jf/n] ;dod} yfxf kfPdf l56f] pkf/ u/fpg ;lsG5 .

– vt/fsf] s'g} Ps nIf0f dfq b] l vPdf klg t' ? Gt} :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf uO{ hfFr u/fpg'k5{ .

lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no ;nf{xL, dn+ujf

= = = = = = = = = = =

v'Nnf lb;f, gs{sf] le;f . v'Nnf lb;f gu/f},+ csfndf gd/f}+ . ufp“3/ xfd|f] xf], ;kmf /fVg' /fd|f] xf] . ;/;kmfO{ xfO–xfO{, v'Nnf lb;f afO{–afO{ . rkL{ agfcf},+ OHht a9fcf}+ . :jR5 kfgL, ;'/lIft lhGbufgL . gk'ud] f xfd|f] Wofg, kmf]x/n] lnG5 Hofg . ;kmf 3/–;kmf cfug, agfcf}+ rkL{ a9fcf} zfg . v'Nnf 7fpdf gxuf},+ u'x' vfg] gagf}+ . ;/;kmfO{sf] gf/fn] ;'v kfp5 ;f/fn] .

3/3/df rkL{ /f]usf] 5}g 8/, 3f6f slt 5}g lsg c?sf] e/ .

Plss[t ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+:yf dn+ujf, ;nf{xL]