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lk|m le;f Û lk|m l6s]6 ÛÛ lk|m vfgf ÛÛÛ Larsen & Toubro Company limited Doha Qatar df cfjZos sfdbf/ sf] dfu ePsf] x'bF f O{R5's JolQm t'?Gt ;Dk{s ug'x{ f]; .

1. Plumber

2. Electrician

3. Carpenter

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Scarffolder

5. Steel Fitter

6. Mason

7. Helper

8. Driver-light &heavy

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Interview Date !_ 8 November 2015 sflQs @@ ut] cfO{tjf/

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d]if M dfg ;Ddfg ldNg] j[if M ;'vb ;dfrf/ ldNg] ldy'g M gofF sfd ldNg] ss{6 M Jofkf/df ;'wf/

l;+x M sfo{df pGgtL x'g] sGof M cfly{s If]qdf la:tf/ t'nf M ld7f] vfgf ldNg] j[lZrs M hLjg ;fyL e]6\g] wg' M sfo{df /fd|f] k|ult x'g] ds/ M cof>f]t a9\g] s'De M k9fO{df k|ult x'g] ldg M eoqf; x6\g] /flzkmnn] h] ;+st] u/] klg /fd|f] sfd u/] /fd|} kmn kfOG5 .

sf7df8f}, !( sflt{s . cy{lj4 8f= ljZjDe/ Kofs' / ] N fNf] gfsfaGbLsf] c;/ / k|efjsf ljifo ;d]6s ] f] b:tfj]h g} agfP/ g]kfNfNf] cGt/{fli6«o ;Dd]Nfg ug{' kg{] atfPsf 5g . ljxLaf/ cfof] h gf u/]sf] ;fIffTsf/df pgNf] s;}Nf] eg] klg geg] k lg g] k fNfdf ef/tNf] gfsfaGbL NfufPsf] k|i6 eO{;s]sf] eGb} o;Nf] g]kfNfsf] cy{tGq, hghLjgdf kf/]sf] c;/ ;d]l6Psf] b:tfj]h tof/ kf/] / cGt/{ f li6« o hutNffO{ hfgsf/L lbg' kg{] atfP . pgNf] o:t} cj:yf /x] d'Nf'sNf] b'O{ k|ltzt cfly{s a[l4b/ ;d]t xfl;Nf ug{ g;Sg] 7f]sj' f ub{} eg],…clxNf] s'Nf u|fx:y

pTkfbg gfz eO{;s]sf] 5 . xfdL ;+s6k"0f{ cj:yfdf 5f} . ;/sf/Nf] sfg"gL l:ylt u'dfof] . of] NflDaP :6]/ km]Nf / O{sf]gf]ld sf]NofK; x'G5 . Ú g]kfNfNf] ;+s6sf] a]Nff rLg;Fu ldqtf a9fpg' :jefljs ePsf] eGb} rLgNf] Aofkf/ tyf eG;f/ ;Demf}tf ug{] cfzo AoQm u/]sf]Nf] Tof] tTsfNf g]kfNfNf] ug{' kg{] wf/0ff /fv] . o;sf] cy{ g]kfNfNf] ef/t lj?4 rLgLof sf8{ k|of]u uo{f] eGg] ?kdf lNfg gx'g] ts{ u/] . rLgsfNfflu k"j{ g]kfNfL /fhb't /fh]Zj/ cfrfo{Nf] g]kfNf ;+s6df /x]sf] elg ;+s6sfNf 3f]if0ff ug{] a]Nff ePsf] atfP . pgNf] clxNf] g] k fNf ;/sf/Nf] ;fs{ d'Nf's / rLgdf

pRr:t/Lo k| l tlglw d08Nf k7fP/ g] k fNfsf] ;+ l jwfg / gfsfaGbLsf] c;/sf] ljifodf a'emfpg ;Sg' kg{] eGb} ;/sf/Nf] s'6gLlt1x?;Fu ;Nf\Nffx g} gu/L PstkmL{ ?kdf xNf\sfkm'Nf\s 9+uNf] k//fi6« l8Nf ub{f cj:yf emg} u+le/ x'g] r]tfjgL lbP . cfrfo{ N f] /fli6« o ;'/Iffsf] k|d'v c+u s'6gLlt ePsf] eGb} g]kfNfNf] o;NffO{ xNf\sf 9+uNf] k|of]u ul//x]sf] u'gf;f] u/] . pgNf] t/fO{sf] ;d:of cfGtl/s eP klg cfGtl/s ;d:of cfGtl/s ?kd} ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfNf r'ss ] f] eGb} /fhgLlts bNfx?Nf] /fhgLlts kl/rfNfg ug{ g;Sg' / /fHoNf] t/fO{df d[To" x'bF f ;dj]bgf k|s6 ug{ hfg g;Sg'Nf]

cK7\ o f/f] l:ylt cfPsf] eGb} ;+ l jwfgaf6 k| f Kt pkNflAwsf] ljifodf eGg g;s]sf] atfP . cfrfo{Nf] dw];L df]rf{ ;Fu aft{f ug{ /fli6«o ;xdlt cfjZos /x]sf] eGb} To;sf]Nfflu ;a} bNfsf g]tf ePsf] ;j{bNfLo aft{f 6f]NfL u7g ug{' kg{d] f hf]8 lbP . pgNf] rLg;Fu kf/jxg ;GwL ug{ cfkm" /fhb't x'bF } d:of}bf cfbfgk|bfg eP klg ;/sf/Nf] jf:tf gub{f clxNf]sf] cj:yf cfPsf] eGb} To;NffO{ tTsfNf cl3 a9fpg' kg{] cfjZostf cf}Nf\ofP . ef/tsfNfflu k"j{ g]kfNfL /fhb't 8f. e]ifaxfb'/ yfkfNf] gfsfaGbLsf] sf/0fNf] g]kfNfNf] ef]us ] f] ;d:ofNffO{ cGt/{fli6«o s/0f ug{ l9Nff ePsf] eGb} ljZjNffO{ ;d:of l9Nff ug{ gx'g] atfP .

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ug{] u/L g} ;xdlt u/]sf 5f}+ .Ú ;fy} e"sDksf sf/0f aGb /x] s f tftf] k fgL / /;'jfu9Ldf eG;f/ sfof{Nfo vf]Ng] / v'Vvf aGb/ufx ;~rfNfg ug{] ;xdlt klg ePsf] 5 . l;Gw' k fNrf] s sf] Nffr{ f df lgd{f0fwLg ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] lgd{f0f l5§} ;Sg] / /;'jfsf] l6d'/d] f ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf] lgd{f0f cl3 a9fpg] pNNf]v 5 . o;} u /L g] k fNf / rLgsf eG;f/ sfo{fNfo v'Ng] / aGb x'g] ;doNffO{ Ps}k6s x'g] u/L Joj:yf ul/g] ePsf] 5 . o:t} g]kfNfsf] Sjf/]G6fOg k|df0fkq :jLsf/ ug{] jftfj/0f agfpg rLg

;xdt ePsf] 5 . ;demf}tf cg';f/ rLgNf] ljleGg j:t'df lbPsf] z'Go eG;f/ ;'ljwf sfo{fGjogdf k|fljlws u[xsfo{ ug{5 ] . o;}u/L /;'jfsf] s]?ª gfsfNffO{ yk Jojl:yt agfpg :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfNff lgsfoaLr lgoldt a}7s ug{], g]kfNfL Jofkf/L / rfNfsNffO{ s] ? ª;Dd hfg lbg] ] , a} + l sª sf/f]af/ tyf k|lttkqdfkm{t sf/f] a f/ ug{ ] , eG;f/ sfo{ f Nfox?aLr ;" r gf cfbfgk|bfgdf ;xsfo{ ug{] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . b' a } b] z sf eG;f/ sfo{fNfoNffO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg ;+oQ ' m 6f]NfLNf] cWoog ug{,] g]kfNf cfpg] lrlgofF ;fdu|Ldf g]kfNfL jf c+u|]hL efiffdf pTkfbg tyf pkef]Uo ldlt ;lxt Nf]eNf /fVg kxNf ug{] b'O{ b]zaLr ePsf] @) a' F b ] ;Demf} t f kqdf pNNf] v 5. gofF ;Demf}tfNf] g]kfNfL a:t'x?NffO{ lrlgofF ahf/;Dd ;xh ?kdf k'o{ fpg ;xof]u k'Ug] /]UdLNf] atfP .

ghGdfp ;Ls] /fptx? /fi6« k lt dw] z L . pk/fi6« k lt dw]zL . pkk|wfgdGqLdw]zL . u[xdGqL dw]zL . k|wfgGofofwLz dw]zL . ca s] k'u]g dw]znfO{ < s] lbPdf dw]z zfGt x'G5 < o:t} /fucnfKb} /fHo ;Qfn] *! lbgeGbfnfdf] dw]z cfGbf]ngnfO{ bafpg x/;Dej k|of; ub{5 } g\ . o;nfO{ g} lg/Gt/tf lbg] s|ddf jL/u~hdf ef/tLo gful/ssf] xTof u/] . cfGbf]ngs} s|ddf $* hgf dfl/Psf] 36gf ;] n fpg gkfpF b } jL/u~hdf ePsf] of] 36gfn] cfGbf]ng emg rls{Psf] xf] . o;/L dw] z sf] Gofok" 0 f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ uf]nLn] bafpg] sfo{ g/f]lsP afWoeP/ dw]z 8f= ;Ls] /fptsf] wf/df hfg;Sg] vt/f a9\b} uPsf] 5 . dw] z L hgtfn] hf/L /fv] s f] zflGtk" 0 f{ cfGbf] n gdf /fHokIfn] ;Daf]wg ug{s ' f] ;f6\6f lgxTyf hgtfsf] 6fpsf] / 5ftLdf uf] n L xfg] / bafpg] b' i k| o f; ul//x] s f] 5 . Gofok" 0 f{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ uf]nLn] bafpg] sfo{ g/f] l sP afWoeP/ 8f= ;Ls] /fptsf] ljrf/ wf/fdf klg oxfFsf hgtf hfg;Sg] ;Defjgf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . ;Ls] /fptsf] dfunfO{ ;dy{g ug{' plrtxf]Og t/ @ ;o %) jif{bl] vsf] /fHo;Qfsf] Jojxf/ / z}nLn] of] kl/0ffd lgDTofPsf] xf] eGbfs;}sf] ljdlt gxf]nf . hf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ zf;s ju{n] x]g]{ u/]sf] b[li6sf]0faf6} sf7df08f}sf ldl8ofx? clek|]l/t 5 . cfGbf]ng lsgePsf] xf] <o;af/] jf:tljs tYo gvf]hLcfGbf]ngnfO{ g} abgfdug]{ lgotn] ;dfrf/ tyf

;fdflhs pTk|/] ssf] cfjZostf UKaid tyf ADRA UK sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf / r]tgf dn+ujf–(, ;nf{xLsf]

;xlhs/0fdf o; lhNnfsf] * j6f uf=lj=;=x? O{Zj/k'/, elQmk'/, uf}/Lz+s/, a;Gtk'/, wgsf}n k'j,{ gf]sN} jf, xl/k'jf{ / ;+uf| dk'/df Enhancing Livelihoods Of Smallholder Farmers in Central Terai Districts of Nepal (ELIVES) kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu sd{rf/Lx?sf] cfjZoQmf ePsf]n] tkl;ndf pNn]lvt of]Uotf ePsf] g]kfnL gful/sx?sf nflu of] b/vf:t cfxjfg ul/Psf] 5 . tkl;n M kb M– ;fdflhs pTk|/] s -Community Motivator_ ;+Vof M– * hgf Go'gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf÷cg'ej M– dfGotf k|fKt z}lIfs ;+:yfgjf6 k|lj0ftf k|df0f kq tx jf ;f] ;/xsf] of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] / ;DjlGwt If]qdf slDtdf @ jif{ cg'ej ePsf] . k|dv ' lhDd]jf/L M– uf=la=;=df ;d"xx? u7g ug],{ ul7t ;d"xx?nfO{ ;fdflhs kl/rfng ug],{ nlIft ;d'xnfO{ afv|fkfng tyf t/sf/L v]tL tkm{ Joj;flos agfpg ;xlhs/0f ug],{ dfl;s of]hgf tyf k|ltj]bg tof/ ug],{ cfjZostf cg';f/sf] 8f6fx? ;+sng ug]{ / :yflgo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u ;Dks{ tyf ;dGjo ug]{ u/fpg] . a'emfpg' kg]{ sfuhftx? M– lgj]bg, jfof]8f6f - b'O{ j6f kmf]6f] ;lxt _, ;Dk'0f{ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0f kqx?sf] k|ltlnlk, gful/stf k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk, cg'ej eP ;f]sf]] k|ltlnlk / 3/df zf}rfno ePsf] l;kmf/L; jf k|df0f kq . lgj]bg a'emfpg] clGtd ldlt M– la1fkg k|sfzg ePsf] ldlt @)&@.)&.@) ut] b]lv @)&@.)&.@$ ut] ;Dd tf]lsPsf] :yfg jf ;do leq b/vf:t j'emfpg ;lsg]5 . kl/Iffsf] lsl;d M lnlvt / cGt/jftf{ gf]6 M -s_ :yflgo÷;DjlGwt uf=la=;=sf blnt, hghflt ,dw]zL , d'l:nd tyf dlxnfnfO{ al9 uf|xotf lbO{g] 5 .

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;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ul//x]sf] 5 . hftLjfbL dfgl;stf af6 u|l;t dfgjclwsf/jfbL, af}l4s;d'bfo tyf gful/s ;dfh, ;fdflhs cleoGtf ;j} r' k 5g\ eg] ldl8ofx?n] e|d 5l//x]sf] 5 . dw]z cfGbf]ng lbNnLsf] e/df eO/x]sf] eg]/ b'ik|rf/ eO/x]sf] 5 t/ lje]b t lbNnLn] u/]sf] xf]Oglg < dw]z cfGbf]ng lje]b lj?4sf] cfGbf] n g ePsf] n ] /fHokIfn] ;+ j ] b g zLntfsf ;fytTsfn ;Daf]wg ug{' kg{] cfhsf] ckl/xfo{ cfjZoStf xf] . dw] z df lje] b pTkL8gsf] z[v + nfnfO{ cGTo u/L ;dfgtfsf] xsdw]zn] vf]lh/x]sf]n] lje]bsf :j/x?nfO{ v; zf;sx?n] bafP/ cfˆgf] zf;g ;Qf sfod ug{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 . oltnfdf] cfGbf]ng eO/x]sf] 5 t/ /fHon] cem} a]jf:tf ul//x]sf] 5 . t/fO{ dw]zdf ;bLof}+b]lv a;f]af; ub} { c fPsfyf? / dw] z Lx? cTolws kLl8t /xFb} cfPsfn] ToxLlje]bsf :j/x? olt a]nf d'vl/t ePsf] 5 . cfGbf]ngdf cfddw]zL / yf? ;d' b fosf] efjgf hf] l 8Psf tyf pTkL8gdf k/] s fx?sf /ut / kl;gfn] l;FlrtePsfn] dw]z cfGbf]ng ;kmn x'g' cjZo;DefjL 5 . b]zdf ;+ljwfghf/L u/]/ v; zf;s k| j [ l tx?n] v' l ;ofnL dgfO/xF b f dw] z df ;+ l jwfg hnfOg'sf ;fy} sfnf] lbj; dfq} dgfPgg\ a? dw]zL, yf?, blnt, cflbjf;Lhghfltnufotsf ;d'bfon] xsclwsf/ dfuub{}

;xfbt lbgnfO{ x/kntDtof/ b]lvFb5 } g\ . elg/x'g'kb{}g\, klxnf] dw]z cfGbf]ngn] ;+3Lotfsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ :yflkt u/\of] . ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]lztfn] ubf{ bf];f| ] dw]z cfGbf]ngsf] cf}lrTo l;4 eof] . olb t];f| ] dw]z cfGbf]ngn] ;fy{stf kfPgg\ eg] ;Ls] /fptsf] ljrf/;Fu ;xdlthgfpg]x?sf] nfdf] ;"lrtof/ x'g] dfq} xf]Og lbg k|ltlbg 7"nf] >[v + nf g} cfj4 x'g ;Sg] vt/f a9\b} hfg] 5 . of] s'/f /ftf/ft ePsf] xf]Og o;nfO{ /fHo ;Qfn] g} dnhn u/]sf] s'/f 5n{ u g} 5 . t/ dfcf] j fbL ;z:qåGåsf] j}wflgstf :yflkt x'g gkfpFb} ;dfKt ePsf] b[i6fGt xfdL ;fd" tfhf g} /x] s fn] tfTsflns dfGotf eGbf bL3{ s fnLg lxt k| l t dw]zjfbLcfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ k|lta4 x'gk' b{5 . clxn] klg cfdhg b]z leq} clwsf/ ;DkGg, ;d[4 dw]z rfx]sf 5g\ . o;/L cfGbf] n g pTsif{df k'Ugnfu]sf] a]nf ;/sf/L kIfn] k|:tfljt ;+3Lo cfof]udfkm{t\ ;Ldf+sg ;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{k' g]{ c8fg lnFb} cfPsf] 5 eg] df]rf{n] ;+3Lo cfof]uaf6 geO{ ;Ldf+sgsf] ;d:of tTsfn ;dfwfg ug]{ pkfo ;lxtsf] /f]8Dofk lnP/ jftf{df a:g cfu|xub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] gofF g]kfnagfpgrfxg] cfjfhx?sf] ;Ddfg ub{} cljnDj /fHo ;Qfn] cfGbf]ngsf] cfjfhnfO{ ;Djf]wgub{} dfunfO{ k"/f ug{ h'6\g'k5{, cGoyf sxfnLnfUbf] kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0f x'g]5, hf] lgoGq0f aflx/ x'g]5 .

cGt/fli6«o ;dfrf/

cfOP;lj?4sf] sf/jfxLdf k|mfG;Nf] o'4kf]t k7fpg] k]l/;, !( sflt{s . k|mfG;Nf] l;l/of / O/fssf lj›f]xL ;d"x O:Nfflds :6]6lj?4sf] sf/afxL tLa| kfg{ 7"Nff] Ifdtfsf] o'4kf]t k7fpg] ePsf] 5. …rfNf{ b ufNfÚ gfd lbOPsf] o'4kf]tNf] o;cl3 o'4df ;fd]Nf k|mfG;]NfL ljdfgNffO{ 5f]6f] ;dod} cfOP;NffO{ k/f:t ug{ ;xof]u ug{] atfOPsf] 5 . cd] l /sL ;] g fsf] u7aGwgdf /x]/ k|mfG;Nf] ;g\ @)!$ b] l v g} cfOP;lj?4 O/fsdf xjfO{ cfqmd0f ub{} cfPsf] 5 . k| m fG; ut ;] K 6] D a/b] l v cfOP;lj?4 l;l/ofdf klg cfqmd0fdf ;+NfUg x'Fb} cfPsf]

5. o;cl3 klg k|of]udf NofOPsf] of] o'4kf]tdf $) ljdfg /fVg] Ifdtf 5 eg] b}lgs Ps ;o p8fg eg{ ;lsg] 5 .

k|mfG;Nf] o;cl3 hf]8g{ / o'PO{df u/L s'Nf !@ j6f ld/]h / /kmfO{Nf ladfg cfOP; la?4sf] Nf8fO{df k|of]u ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

-Ph]G;L_

?;L ljdfg b'36{ gfaf/] gof“ tYo sf7df8f},+ !( sflt{s . OlhK6df b' 3 { 6 gf ePsf] ?;L ljdfgdf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ /x]sf] x'g;Sg] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5 . cd]l/sL / a]NffotL u' K tr/sf] 6f] N fLNf] u/] s f] cg'; ' Gwfgaf6 ljdfgdf lj:kmf]6s

kbfy{ /x]sf] x'g;Sg] b]lvPsf] xf] . a] N ffotL ljb] z dGqL lkmlNfk x} d G8Nf] …lj:kmf] 6 s kbfy{sf sf/0f ljdfg lj:kmf]6 ePsf] / o;af/] yk /x:o s]xL lbgdf v'Ng]Ú atfPsf 5g\ .ut

zlgaf/ ?;L ljdfg OlhK6sf] ;gfOdf b'36{ gfu|:t x'bF f @ ;o @$ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . ljdfg b'36{ gf NfuQ} km]Nff k/]sf] …ANofs aS;Úsf] cfwf/df cg';Gwfg cl3 a9fOPsf] 5 .

-Ph]G;L_

dw]z kf]i6

lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&

@)&@ sflQs @) ut], z'qmjf/

olta]nf ef/tdf cl;x'i0ftfsf] d'2fnfO{ lnP/} 7"nf] ax; e}/x]sf] 5 . alnp8 gfos ;fx?v vfgn] cfˆgf] hGdlbgdf ef/tdf cl;x'i0ftf a9]sf] / o;n] b]znfO{ cGwsf/df ws]Ng] atfPkl5 clxn] o;n] ef/tdf cfuf] afln/x]sf] 5. ef/tLo ldl8ofdf ;fx?vsf] kIf / ljkIfdf jx; e}/x]sf] 5 . jLh]kLsf s]xL ;f+;b tyf g]tfn] ;fx?vnfO{ kfls:tfgL, b]zb|f]xL h:tf cf/f]k klg nufO/x]sf 5g\ . oxL ;dodf rlr{t kfls:tfgL ufos u'nfd cnL ef/t gkms{g] eGb} kfls:tfgtkm{ nfu]sf 5g\ . pgsf] d'DaO{ / k'0f]df cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] sG;6{ lzj ;]gfsf] wDsLkl5 :ylut ul/Psf] lyof] . pgn] ef/tdf b]lvPsf] lau|bf] dfxf]n /fd|f] geP;Dd ef/t gkms{g] / uLt klg gufpg] atfPsf 5g\ . pgsf] lbNnL, nvgpdf cfof]hgf x'g nfu]sf] sG;6{ klg :ylut ul/Psf] 5 . u'nfd cnLn] eg]–…d ufos x'F, d ;+uLtsf] af/]df s'/f u5{,' dnfO{ /fhgLlt yfxf 5}g .Ú u'nfd cnL kfls:tfgL ePs} sf/0f pgsf] zf] :ylut ePsf] eGb} lj/f]w klg e}/x]sf] 5 .

y'gj' fsf] pkrf/sf qmddf d[To' l;/xf, !( sflQs . l5d]sLnfO{ af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k nufpFb} oftgf lbPsf] cf/f] k df kqmfp k/L k'kI{ fsf nflu l;/xf sf/fuf/df y'gfdf /x]sf Ps j[4sf] pkrf/sf qmddf cfh laxfg d[To' ePsf] 5. d[To' x'g]df l;/xfsf] uf9f–& sf ^% jifL{o dxfjL/ ;xgL /x]sf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no l;/xfsf k|x/L lg/LIfs /fhs'df/ zfxLn] hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . dWo/ft crfgs /Qmrfk a9]kl5 lhNnf c:ktfn k'¥ofP/ pkrf/ ;'?

ul/Pklg cfh laxfg @ ah]lt/ ;xgLsf] d[To' ePsf] k|x/L lg/LIfs zfxLn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . d[ t s ;xgL lhNnf cbfntsf] cfb]zcg';f/ @)&@ c;f]h !! ut]bl] v k'kI{ fsf nflu y'gfdf /lxcfPsf lyP . ;xgL;Fu} ;f]xL d'2fdf pgsL a'xf/Lx¿ OGb'bj] L ;xgL / hgsb'nf/L ;xgL k' k { I fsf nflu y' g fdf /x] s f] sf/fuf/ k| z f;gn] hgfPsf] 5. ut ;fpg @% ut] dxfjL/sf gflt !$ jifL{o ;'Gb/

;xgLsf] pkrf/sf qmddf w/fgdf d[To' ePsf] sl/a Ps dlxgfkl5 ebf} @@ ut] pgL;lxt b'O6L a'xf/L, cfkmGt /fs]z ;xgL ldn]/ wfdLemfFqmLsf] sfd;d]t ub}{ cfPsf l5d]sL /fd;'kmn ofbjnfO{ lg3f{t s'6lk6 ub}{ dnd"q;d]t v'jfPsf lyP . k| x /Ln] 36gfsf] hfgsf/L kfPnuQ} rf/hgfnfO{ kqmfp u/L cbfntdf pkl:yt u/fPsf] eP klg cbfntn] /fs]znfO{ eg] 5f8\g] cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf] ;Ldf If]qsf] l:yltk|lt cd]l/sL lrGtf sf7df8f},F !( sflQs . ;+oQ' m /fHo cd]l/sfn] g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfdf a9\ b f] qmddf /x] s f] cl:y/ cj:yfk|lt lrGtf JoQm u/]sf] 5 . oxfFl:yt cd]l/sL b"tfjf;n] cfh k| ] ; lj1lKt hf/L u/L g]kfnLsf] hghLjg hf]lvddf /x]sf] / cl:y/tfsf sf/0f dfgjLo ;ª\s6 cfpg] ;Defjgfk|lt lRfGtf JoQm u/]sf] xf] . j} z fvsf] e" s Dksf sf/0f k| e fljt If] q nufotdf OGwg, cf}iflw / vfBkbfy{sf] uDeL/ cefj l;h{gf ePsf] ;d]t

b"tfjf;n] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . ;Ldfdf b]lvPsf] cl:y/ cj:yfsf sf/0f cGt/f{ l i6« o ;d' b fon] hf]lvdo'Qm ;d'bfodf dxTjk"0f{ /fxt tyf cfjf; ;fdu|L k'¥ofpg g;s]sf, hghLjg hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] klg b"tfjf;n] hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5. æcd]l/sL ;/sf/ ;Ldfdf b]lvPsf] ;ª\s6 ;dfwfg ug{ lxpFb ;'? x'g' s]xL ;ftf cufj} ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ cfk\mgf k|oTg k'gM bf]Aa/ agfpg cfXjfg ub{5Æ–lj1lKtdf

elgPsf] 5 .cd]l/sL ;/sf/ g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x] s f] pNNf] v ub} { lj1lKtdf g]kfnLsf cfsfª\IffnfO{ ;+ljwfgn] ;d]6g\ cy{k0" f{ /fhgLlts ;+jfbsf] ;sf/fTds jftfj/0f agfpg] sfo{df ;a}n] of]ubfg ug'k{ g]d { f cd]l/sfn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . g] k fn ;/sf/, g] k fnL hgtf cfkm\gf] nf]stflGqs dfu{df cufl8 al9/x]sf] / j}zfvsf] e"sDkkl5 k'gMlgdf{0fdf h'6s ] fdf cd]l/sfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf klg JoQm u/]s]f 5 .

OGwg cefjdf eQmk'/sf c:ktfnsf] ;]jf k|efljt eQmk'/, !( sflQs . OGwg cefjn] lhNnfsf c:ktfnsf] ;]jf k|efljt ag]sf] 5 eg] /ut cefj r'lnPsf] 5 . eQmk'/sf ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf ¿kdf /x] s f] eQmk' / lhNnf c:ktfn, lduf}n { f k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|, SofG;/ c:ktfnnufotsf ;]jf k|efljt ePsf] 5 . lduf} { n f k| T of/f] k 0f s]Gb|sf sG;N6ØfG6 g]km| f]nf]lh:6 8f sNkgf >]i7sf cg';f/ OGwg cefjn] c:ktfnsf] ;] j f ;~rfngdf g/fd|f];Fu k|efljt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] OGwg cefjs} sf/0f lrlsT;s ;dodf cfpg g;Sg], cf}iflwhGo ;fdu|L cfoft x'g g;s]sf] / la/fdL;d]t ;dodf cfpg g;s]kl5 s]Gb|n] ;]jfsf] ;do;d]t s6f}tL u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof], æs]Gb|n] lbFb} cfPsf] 8fOnfOl;; ;]jf Ps la/fdLnfO{ ;ftfdf tLgk6s rf/ 3G6fsf b/n] ;]jf lbg'kg]{ xf] t/ clxn] s6f}tL u/]/ tLg 3G6f dfq}

lbg] u/]sf 5f}F .Æ klxn] b}lgs rf/k6s ;d]t s]Gb|sf] oftfoft ;~rfng x'g] u/]sf]df clxn] /flt dfq} ;f] ;]jf lbPsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] s]Gb|sf 8fS6/n] ;d]t afWo eP/ 5'§L lnP/ kfnf] u/]/ a:g'kg]{ ;d:of cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . la/fdLnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ cf} i flwhGo k| f ljlws ;fdfg df} H bft ;lsPkl5 k| o f] u eO;s]sf ;fdfgnfO{ lgd{nLs/0f u/]/ k'gM k|of]udf Nofpg'kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] >] i 7n] atfpg'eof] . eQmk' / c:ktfnsf k|zf;g k|dv ' ljZj/fd Gof}kfg]n] OGwg cefj ePkl5 lgoldt sfd ;dotflnsf ldnfP/ ;~rfng ePklg OGwg cefjsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg geP c:ktfn;Dd 8fS6/ cfpg g;Sg] cj:yf cfpg] ePsf] atfpg'eof] . OGwg cefjdf h]g/] 6] / ;~rfngdf ;d]t ;d:of cfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

OGwg cefjn] /utsf]

;d]t cefj ePsf] g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L eQmk'/ zfvfsf ;efklt dgf]hs'df/ yfkfn] tfhf /ut lbg]sf] cefj ePkl5 /ut ;ª\ s ngdf ;d:of cfPsf] atfpg'eof] . yfkfn] eGg'eof], æOGwg cefj x'bF f lgoldt ¿kdf tfhf /ut lbg] bftfx¿ cfpg g;Sbf la/fdLnfO{ dfu cg';f/sf] /ut lbg ;lsPsf] 5} g , /utsf] sDkf]g]G6 agfpg;d]t ;d:of ePsf] 5 .Æ /ut ;ª\sngsf nflu /]8qm;sf :jo+;]jsnfO{ lkmN8df v6fpg uPsf] ePklg OGwg cefjsf sf/0f lkmN8df :jo+;j] s kl/rfng;d] t ug{ g;s] s f] atfpg'eof] . b}lgs ¿kdf /utsf] sDkf]gG] 6 cfjZos x'g] u/] klg hl6n zNolqmof u/]/ /ut lng cfpg]nfO{ ;d]t /ut lbg ;d:of k/]sf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] . /f;;

l8km]G; cfdL{ lj37g sf7df8f}, !( sflt{s . g]kfNfNffO{ lxGb' /fi6« sfod u/fpg] eGb} @)^# ;fNfb]lv e"ldut z;:q ;+3if{ ub{} cfPsf] ;d"x l8km]G; cfd{L lj37g ul/Psf] 5 . ;+u7gsf cWoIf cf/kL d}gfNfLNf] ljxLaf/ l/kf]6{;{ SNfa g]kfNfdf kqsf/ ;Dd]Nfg u/]/ l8km]G; cfd{Lsf] gfdaf6 clxNf] klg ljleGg cjfl~5t ultljwL eO{/x]sf]Nf] cfkm"Nf] ;+u7g lj37g u/]sf] atfP . pgNf] lxGb' /fi6« cleofgsf] Nfflu zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;lqmo /xg] k|lta4tf Aoqm ub{} ;+u7gsf] gfdaf6 c/fhgLlts lqmofsNffk eO{/x]sf]Nf] To;NffO{ /f]Sg cfkm"Nf] ;+u7g lj37g u/]sf] bfjL u/] . d}gfNfL @)^^ ;fNfdf kqmfp kl/ ev{/} dfq l/xf ePsf AolQm x'g\ .

lNfDa"sf] zj cfkmGtsf] lhDdf tfKNf]h'ª, !( sflQs . dª\Nfaf/ ;fFem k|x/L;Fusf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf Hofg u'dfPsf xf/fxfª g]tT[ jsf] cfk/flws ;d"xdf cfa4 v]hl] gd– # sf @% jifL{o ;ld/ lNfDa"sf] zj lalxjf/ pgsf] kl/jf/NffO{ lhDdf NfufOPsf] 5 . lNfDa"sL lbbL rG›sNff lNfDa"NffO{ zj k/LIf0f u/L lhDdf NfufOPsf] lhNNff k|x/L sfo{fNfo tfKNf]hª' sf k|x/L lg/LIfs /fd]Zj/ kl08tNf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . dËNfaf/ ;fFem lhNNffsf] ;fGyfqmf uflj;df b]pdfg lNfDa" xf/fxfª g]t[Tjsf] cfk/flws ;d"x;Fu k|x/Lsf] le8Gtdf lNfDa"sf] Hofg uPsf] lyof] . ;f] cfk/flws ;d"xsf] vf]hL ub{} k'us ] f] k|x/Ldfly Nf's/] a;]sf ;f] ;d"xsf ;b:oNf] uf]NfL rNffPkl5 bf]xf]/f] le8Gt ePsf] lyof] . le8Gtsf qmddf d[ t s lNfDa" s f ;fy / 36gf:yNfaf6 ljleGg lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ; lxtsf ;fdfg a/fdb ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] cfk/flws ;d"xNf] Nf]sfNfL uf]7df Nf's]/ a:g] / ufpFufpFdf cfP/ rGbf c;'Nf\g,] Nf'6kf6 ug{], wfswDsL b]vfpFb} lxF8\g] u/]sf] k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5 .

Ovfj' 3/ ePsf b]pdfg lNfDa" xf/fxfª elgg]sf] lj?4df Hofg dfg{] pBf]u, 8s}tL;d]t u/L o; lhNNffdf tLgj6f d'2f 5g\ eg] cGo lhNNffdf klg bh{gf}F d'2f /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .

$

jf/

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

;8s b'36{ gfdf Pssf] d[To', Ps 3fOt] wg'iff, !( sflQs . k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{cGtu{t wg'iffsf] ldlynf gu/kflnsf-# >Lk'/ ;8sv08df lalxjf/ ePsf] ;8s b'36{ gfdf Pshgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 .

Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no 9Ns]j/sf cg';f/ cfh laxfg klZrdaf6 k"jt{ km{ uO/x]sf] gf % v &*!@ gDa/sf] dfnjfxs 6«s b'36{ gfdf k/]sf] xf] . k|x/Lsf cg';f/ 6«s clgolGqt eO{ ;8ssf] afofFkl§ ?vdf 7f]lSsP/ klN6Fbf rfnssf] d[To' ePsf] xf] . d[To' x'gd ] f dsjfgk'/sf] sfln6f/–! a:g] @% jifL{o bLk]Gb| dNn 7s'/L / x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L, ;f]xL ;dodf ;f]xL 7fpFdf Pp6} ultdf uO/x]sf] k5fl8sf] gf#v $(%! gDa/sf] csf]{ 6«s klg cufl8sf] 6«s clgolGqt ePsfn] lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sbf csf]t{ km{ klN6P/ b'36{ gf ePsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] o; 6«s b'36{ gfdf rfns x]6f}8F f lgjf;L @@ jifL{o a'4 uf]n] 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . uf]ns ] f] :yfgLo lSnlgsdf k|fylds pkrf/ u/fO{ yk pkrf/ sf nflu sf7df8f}F k7fOPsf] / b'36{ gfdf d[To' ePsf 7s'/Lsf] zj clxn] zjk/LIf0fsf nflu hgsk'/ c~rn c:ktfn k7fOPsf] Ok|sf 9Ns]j/n] hgfPsf] 5 .

Sofgsf !* kbflwsf/LNffO{ e|i6frf/ d'2faf6 ;kmfO{ sf7df08f}, !( sflQs . ljif]z cbfNftNf] lqms]6 Pzf]l;o;g g]kfNfsf 6+s cfªa'xfª Nfufot !* kbflwsf/LNffO{ e|i6frf/ d'2faf6 ;kmfO{ lbPsf] 5 . ljz] i f cbfNftsf cWoIf GofofwLz df] x g/d0f e§/fO{,GofofwLzx? e'k]G›k|;fb /fO{ / g/]G› s'df/ l;jfsf]6Lsf] OhNff;Nf] Sofgsf !* hgf kbflwsf/LNffO{ e|i6frf/ d'2faf6 ;kmfO lbPsf] ljif]z cbfNftsf /lhi6«f/ e›sflNf kf]v/]NfNf] ;]tf]kf6LNffO{ hfgsf/L lbP . clVtof/Nf] @)&! h]7 @% ut] Sofgsf] /sd lxgfldgf ul/ e|i6frf/ u/]sf] cf/f]k NfufP/ ljif]zdf d'2f lbPsf] lyof].

;zSt cfGbf]ngdf nfUg lgb]z { g /fhlj/fh, !( sflt{s . /fli6«o dw]z ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf cWoIf z/tl;+x e08f/Ln] cfGbf]ng yk ;zSt agfpg ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{sf lhNnf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lgb]z { g lbPsf 5g\ . ;Kt/Lsf] sf]Onf8Ldf ljxLaf/ cfof]lht kf6L{sf cu'jf sfo{stf{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ pSt s'/f atfPsf x'g\ . ;zSt cfGbf]ng u/]/ /fHokIfnfO{ afWo kfg]{ atfpFb} pgn] ;Dk"0f{ phf{ cfGbf]ngdf vr{ ug]{ lgb]z { g lbP .

kf]i6 ;]o/ ug{] kqmfp /fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L / k|wfgdGqL s]kL zd{f cf]NfLNffO{ NflIft ul/ ;fdflhs ;~hfNf km];a'sdf ul/Psf] ufNfL uNff}hsf] kf]i6NffO{ ;]o/ u/]sf] cf/f]kdf df]/ª k|x/LNf] Ps hgfNffO{ kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp kg{d ] f df]/ªsf] jo/jgsf dgf]h /fha+zL /x]sf] k|x/L pkl/Ifs tf/0fLk|;fb NfD;fNfNf] hfgsf/L lbP . /fha+zLNf] ljb]zdf a:g] ;fyLNf] ufNfLuNff}h u/]sf] kf]i6NffO{ ;]o/ u/]sf lyP .

g]kfNf !)( /gNf] kl5 sf7df08f}, !( sflQs . o'POsf] ca'wfaLdf eO/x]sf] xªsªlj?+4sf] b'Ol{ bjl;o lqms]6sf] klxNff] lbg g]kfNf !)( /gNf] kl5 /x]sf] 5 . @;o !% /gdf xªsªNf] cfkm\gf] kfNff] ;lsPsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 Aofl6ª yfNf]sf] g]kfNfNf] #^ cf]e/df ! ljs]6 u'dfP/ !)^ /g agfpFbf klxNff] lbgsf] v]Nf ;lsPsf] xf] . cw{zts k'/f u/]sf cf]kg/ clgNf d08Nf %^ / ;fu/ k'g #* /g ;lxt lqmhdf 5g\ . csf{ cf]kg/ dx]z If]qL eg] !) /g agfP/ cfp6 eP . o;cl3 klxNf] Aofl6ª u/]sf] xªsªNf] ^) cf]e/df $ ljs]6 u'dfP/ @;o !% /g agfPsf] lyof]

;fj{hlgs cg'/f]w = = = = = = = = = = =

v'Nnf lb;f, gs{sf] le;f . v'Nnf lb;f gu/f},+ csfndf gd/f}+ . ufp“3/ xfd|f] xf], ;kmf /fVg' /fd|f] xf] . ;/;kmfO{ xfO–xfO{, v'Nnf lb;f afO{–afO{ . rkL{ agfcf},+ OHht a9fcf}+ . :jR5 kfgL, ;'/lIft lhGbufgL . gk'ud] f xfd|f] Wofg, kmf]x/n] lnG5 Hofg . ;kmf 3/–;kmf cfug, agfcf}+ rkL{ a9fcf} zfg . v'Nnf 7fpdf gxuf},+ u'x' vfg] gagf}+ . ;/;kmfO{sf] gf/fn] ;'v kfp5 ;f/fn] .

3/3/df rkL{ /f]usf] 5}g 8/, 3f6f slt 5}g lsg c?sf] e/ .

:6\of08\; g]kfn÷u|fdL0f gf/L pTyfg ;+3 xl/k'/, ;nf{xL