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sGof M cfly{s pGgtL x'g] t'nf M sfo{df k|ult x'g] j[lZrs M vr{ a9\g] wg' M ofqfsf] of]u ds/ M Jofkf/df ;'wf/ x'g] s'De M cf6]sf] sfd k'/f x'g] ldg M ldxg]t ug'k{ g]{ /flzkmnn] h] ;+st] u/] klg /fd|f] sfd u/] /fd|} kmn kfOG5 .

/f]zgs'df/ emf alb{jf; dw]zsf kxf8Lx?sf] ;Daf]wgsf] k|lts ag]sf] 5 . dw]zNf] clwsf/ dfUbf lj/f]wsf :j?x? af]Ng] x/]s ju{sf] k|lts alb{jf; ag]sf] xf] . alb{jf;, sf7df08f} + s f ;fzssf] k|lt5fofsf] k|lts klg xf] . to;}Nf] dw]zsf] cfGbf]Nfg kf}g] tLg dlxgf sfl6 ;Sbf klg alb{jf; cfGbf]lNft x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . alb{jf; dw]z cfGbf]Nfgsf] :yfoL k|ltkIfsf] k|lts ag]sf] 5 . t/ o;af6 3f6f alb{jf;NffO{ g} 5 . cfh Tolx gfkmf3f6fsf] Nf]vfhf]vf ub{} alb{jf;NffO{ cy{ft dw]zsf] cfGbf]Nfgsf] lj?4df plePsf ;Dk'0f{ dw]zL, kxf8L d"Nfsf dw]zLNfufot ;Da4 ;a} kIfNffO{ v'NNff kq Nf]Vb}5' . lk|o alb{jf;, gd:sf/ dw]z cfGbf]Nfgsf] t];f| ] ;+:s/0f ;'? ePsf] kf}g] tLg dlxgf ljlt;Sbf klg dw]zsf] s]G› alb{jf; cfGbf]lNft x'g g;Sg' b'Mvsf] s'/f xf] . k|yd dw]z cfGbf] N fg tyf bf] ; | f ] dw] z cfGbf] N fgdf klg alb{ j f; cfGbf]Nfgsf] k|ltkIfs} e"ldsfdf lyof] / clxNf] klg k|ltkIfs} e"ldsfdf 5g\, lj8Dagf kl5NNff] Ps bzsdf dw]zsf g]tT[ jst{fNf] alb{jf;NffO{ ljZjf;df lNfg ;s]g . alb{jf; ;w}e + l/ dw]z cfGbf]Nfgsf] k|ltkIfdf a:g' g dw]zsf] Nfflu lxts/ 5 g t :j+ d alb{ j f;sf] Nfflu g} . ljutdf alb{jf;;+u ;f}tfsf] Jojxf/ gePsf] xf]Og{ . t/ o;df dxf]Q/Lsf] blIf0fL e]usf hgtf eGbf klg ;/sf/ a9L bf]ifL 5 . dw]zNf] alb{jf;NffO{ cfkm\gf] /gLlts :yfg agfpg rfxG5 eg] ;fzs ju{Nf] cfkm\gf] /ggLlts c:qsf] ?kdf, o:tf]df alb{jf; clxNf] klN;Psf] 5 . / pm cb[io?kd} sf7df08f}s + f] :yfoL ;Qfsf] k[ i 7kf] i fssf] ?kdf plePsf] 5 .

dw]z g]tT[ j rfxG5g\, alb{jf;NffO{ lbO{g] ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ljsf;sf Kofs] h x? dw] z ;/sf/Nf] lbcf]; . sf7df08f}+ rfxG5g\ dw]zsf] s]G›df cjl:yt alb{jf;NffO{ /ggLlts pkof]u ub{} dw]zNffO{ ;w}+el/ …;fO{hÚdf /fVg ;s"F . o;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] ls ljutdf alb{jf;df PsLs[t ;]jf s]G› :yfkgf ug{] ;/sf/Nf] lg0f{o ug{' / pQm lg0f{o sfo{fGjog x'g glbg dw]z cfGbf]Nfgsf g]t[Tj Nfflu kg{' . t/ oL sfo{ ul//xFbf alb{jf;NffO{ ljZjf;df lNfg ;Sg' kYof}{ hxfF g]tT[ j r'ss ] f 5g\ . dw] z df cfGbf] N fgsf] qmddf $( hgf dfl/;Sbf klg alb{jf;sf] 3}6+ f]df 3fd gNffUg', p;Nf] sf7df08f}+sf] zf;s;+u u7\ h f] 8 ub{ } sf7df08f} + N ffO{ bfgfkfgL k'¥ofpg sDd/ s:g' dw]z cfGbf]NfgNf] alb{jf;NffO{ ljZjf;df lNfg g;Sg's} kl/0flt xf] . alb{jf; k'lj{ dw]zNffO{ sf7df08f}+;+u hf]8\g] tGt' xf] . alb{jf; aGb eof] eg] l;Gw'NfLsf] af6f] klg aGb x'g5 ] / tNfsf] af6f] klg . wg'iff, dxf]Q/L tyf l;/xfsf ;d]t ofqLx? alb{jf; k'u/] cfkm\gf] uGtJo tL/ k'Ug] u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 alb{jf;sf] Joj;foLNf] /fd|} Nffe kfPsf] 5 . t/ sfNffGt/df olx Nffe pgLx?sf] Nfflu xfgLsf] ljifo x'g ;S5 . alb{jf; cflv/ h] ;'s} u?g, dw]z k|bz ] eGbf aflx/ a:g ;Sb}g . alb{jf; dw]z k|bz ] sf] Pp6f cleGg c+u algg} /Xg]5 . ljutdf alb{jf;Nf] PsLs[t ;]jf s]G›sf] dfu ub{f To;NffO{ k'/f gug{ blIf0fsf dw] z LNf] u/] s f] cfGbf]Nfgsf] abNff alb{jf;Nf] clxNf] cfP/ lNfg vf] h ] s f] h:tf] b]lvG5 . lglZrt?kdf, alb{jf;sf] dg s'lF 9Psf] 5 . / p;Nf] ug{] o:tf] Jojxf/NffO{ k|lts[ofsf]?kdf ljiNf] z g ug{ ;lsG5 . t/ k|lts[ofsf] klg Pp6f xb x'G5 . ef] N fLsf lbgdf dw] z k| b ] z ;~rfNfg ug{] g]t[Tj, ;/sf/Nf] alb{jf;NffO{ ;f}tfsf] Jojxf/ ug{ ;S5 . alb{jf;df olt ;fdYo{ kSs} klg 5}g, h;Nf] dw]z ;/sf/NffO{ r' g f} t L lbg ;sf] ; . x' N ffsL /fhdfu{ lgd{f0f x'G5 g} . ;do hlt Nffuf]; . x'NffsL /fhdfu{ lgd{ f 0f eP kl5 alb{ j f;sf] ljsNksf zx/x? bh{gf} aGg]

5 . cfh x/fe/f b] l vPsf] alb{jf;sf] ahf/ ef]NfL ljutsf dw]zsf ahf/x?h:t} g;'Sg] eGg] 5}g . hgsk' / ;+ u /fHoNf] cfh ko{Gt ub{} cfPsf] Jojxf/sf] h8 hgsk'/;+u /fHosf] b'/fefjg} xf] . tTsflNfg /fhfdfly b'uf{ gGb emfNf] kmfNf]sf] adg} xf] . h'g lbg b'uf{ gGb emfNf] /fhfdfly ad kmfNf] Tolx lbg dw]zsf] b'u{tL ;'? eof] . /fHoNf] dw]z;+u ;f}tfsf] Jojxf/ ug{ yfNf], Tolx lbg b]lv hgsk' / NffO{ c5' t sf] h:tf] Jojxf/ ug{ yfNf] . sf7df08f}+Nf] cfh;Dd dw]z / dw]zsf] s]G› hgsk'/NffO{ cfkm\gf] dfGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ef]NfL alb{jf;;+u klg olx gxf]Nff eGg ;lsGg . csf{] s'/f, ;d[4 dw]z lgd{f0fsf] o; cfGbf]Nfgdf dw]zNf] ;d[l4sf b'O{ zx/ jL/u+h / lj/f6gu/ kfof] eg] o;af6 kmfO{bf alb{jf;Nf] klg lNfg] 5\ . dw]z ul/a eof] eg] alb{jf; klg u/La x'G5, dw]z ;d[4 eof] eg] alb{jf; klg ;d[4 x'G5 . To;}Nf] alb{jf;Nf] klg o; cfGbf]NfgNffO{ ;dy{g ug{' k5{ . sf]zLsf] kfgLNffO{ 8fO{e;{g u/]/ sdNffdf ld;fpFbf / jfUdltsf] kfgLNffO{ /ftf] glbdf ld;fpF b f To;af6 kmfO{ b f alb{jf;Nf] klg lNfg]5g\, NffNfu9Nf] klg lNfg]5g\ / /fhdfu{sf] 5]pmdf a:g] x/] s kxf8L ;d" b foNf] lNfg]5g\ . sf]zL kfO{Pg eg] To;sf] df/df xfdL ;a} kg{5 ] f}+ . alb{jf;Nf] pAhfPsf] pv' dw]zs} s'g} ldNfNf] lsGg]5g\ . alb{jf;;Dd /]Nfdf cfpg] ;fdfg k|ydtM dw]zs} zx/x?df k'Ug]5g\ . t];|f] s'/f, dw]z cfGbf]Nfg ;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] Nfflu x'bF 5 } . ;dfg k|ltlglwTjsf] ;+j}wflgs Uof/]G6L eP dw]z k|bz ] sf] ;/sf/df klg hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj x'g5 ] . o:tf] cj:yfdf dw] z sf kxf8L ;d" b fosf] k| l tlglwTj klg ;'lglZrt x'g5 ] . alb{jf; dw]zsf kxf8Lx?sf] s]G› aGg]df s'g} b'Od { t 5}g . o;af6 alb{jf;NffO{ klg kmfO{bf x'g5 ] . dw]z ;/sf/Nf] ug{] cf/If0fdf kxf8L ;d"bfoNffO{ cfjZog} ljz] i f Joj:yf ul/g]5 . t/ dw]zNf] s]G›df hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj kfPg eg] alb{jf;Nf] k|b]zdf

hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj kfpg] 5}g . o;sf] df/ gLlt lgd{f0f tx b]lvg} alb{jf;NffO{ kg{5 ] . hgsk''/ / hNf]Zj/af6 o'jfx? alb{jf; k'u/] cfGbf]Nfg ug{' kg{] dfu gp7]sf] klg xf]Og{ . s]lx o' j fx? alb{ j f; gk' u ] s f] klg xf]O{g . t/ pgLx? aflx/af6 uP/ ToxfF cfGbf]Nfg ub{f ;fDk|bflostf e8\sg ;Sg] vt/f cf}NofpFb} pgLx? kms{] . :yfgLosf] g]tT[ j / ;lqmotf ljgf cfGbf]Nfg ;kmNf x'g ;Sb}g . hgsk'/sf Ps xhf/ eGbf a9L o' j fx? alb{ j f;d} uP/ :yfoL?kdf a;]/ cfGbf]Nfg ug{' kg{] k|:tfj klg gcfPsf] xf]O{g t/ To;Nf] ;d:of emg alNf\emg] cj:yf b]lvof] / alb{jf;sf] cfGbf]Nfg pgLx?sf] :jljj]sdf 5f]l8of] . t/, dw] z cfGbf] N fg NflDaFb} hfFbf, ;fDk|bflos ;befj ljlu| g ;Sg] vt/f km] / L klg cf}NofO{b5 } . dw]zsf kxf8L d"Nfsf dw]zLx? of] vt/fNffO{ cg'ej ub{} o; cfGbf]NfgNffO{ g]tT[ j k|bfg ug{ :j:km't?{ kdf lgl:s;s]sf 5g\ . pgLx? kxf8L dw]zL Pstfsf] gf/f ;8sdf wGsfpFb} lx8]sf 5g\ . pgLx?NffO{ yfxf 5 ;d[4 dw]zNf] g} pgLx?sf] ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ to ug{5 ] . alb{jf;Nf] pgLx?af6 klg l;Sg h?/L 5 . o;sf] cu'jfO{ alb{jf; pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3Nf] ug{ ;Sof] eg] /fd| f ] x' g ] l yof] . cfGbf] g /t bNfx?;+usf] ;xsfo{ / ;dGjodf alb{jf; # lbgsf Nfflu dfq eP klg aGb ug{ ;Sg' k5{ . o; # lbgdf alb{jf;sf] s]lx klg ljlu|g] 5}g . t/ cfGbf]Nfg/t bNf / alb{jf;sf] gful/s ;dfhaLr ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f cfjZog} aGg] 5 / o;af6 dw]z cfGbf]Nfgdf ;sf/fTds aNf k'Ug]5 . ;fy} ;fDk| b flos ;befj, alb{ j f; k|ltsf] dw]zLNf] x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f ;a}df ;sf/fTds kl/j{tg x'g5 ] . dw]zsf] ;Defljt /fhwfgL hgsk'/af6 #% lsNff]ld6/ 6f9f ljsf;sf] ;a} ;Defjgf af]s]sf] zx/ alb{jf; dw]z k|b]zaf6 ;a} eGbf a9L kmfO{bf lNfg] zx/ aGg]df s'g} b'O{dt gxf]Nff . t/ alb{jf;Nf] o;}ul/ k|ltkIfsf] e"ldsfdf al; dw]z cfGbf]NfgNffO{ t'xfpg] sfo{ ul/ /Xof] eg] ef] N fL dw] z ;/sf/sf] tf/f] eg] cfjZo g} aGg] 5.

dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x? wg'iff

;nf{xL ;nf{xL c:ktfn g]kfn 6]lnsd bdsn

%@)!## %@)!^) %@)))) cfFvf c:ktfn dn+ujf %@)*%* b'/ ;+rf/ dd{t !(* lh= k|zf;g sf %@)!&& lh= vfg]kfgL %@)!$* lh=k=| sf dn+ujf %@))(( O k|x/L sf= xl/jg %#)%!!

O k|x/L sf= xl/k'/ O k|x/L sf= a/xyjf O k|x/L sf= O{Zj/k'/ lh 6«f sf gjnk'/

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dxf]Q/L %@))## %@%*)) %@))(( %@))!! %@&@!# !)@ %@^%*^ %@))$$ %@)@!! %@)#(& %@)!%! %@^@($ %@))$* %@^#^)

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O k| sf rk'/ %@()!# Ok|sf= u8'/f %^%!(( Ok|sf= u+uflkk/f ^()!)) g]kfn 6]lnsd %@)@@@

l5Gd:tfu0f alb{af;%@(^!(

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lh k|x/L sf= k|x/L sfG6f]n lhNnf c:ktfn af?0f ofGq PDa'n]G;

%@)!(( %@))(( %@))&) %@))(& %@)!)) ljB't kmo'h zfvf %@))^^ %@)!^^ e+;f/ sfo{no %@!!$@

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jf/

sf“u;]| a}7sdf zLif{ tLg g]tfsf] wf/0ff DofUg;Nf] Nofof] g]kfNfdf

klxNff] k6s 5f/] /f]usf] cf}iflw sf7df8f},F !^ sflQs . g]kfNfL sfFu; ]| sf] cfhsf] s]G›Lo ;ldlt a}7sdf tLg zLif{ g]tfx?Nf] ;+ljwfg lgd{f0fkl5 sfFu|];sf e"ldsfsf af/]df cfcfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv]sf 5g\ . cfOtaf/b] l v ;' ? ePsf] a} 7 sdf s] x L s] G ›Lo ;b:oNf] k| w fgdGqL, /fi6« k lt Nfufot kbdf sfFu; ]| Nf] pDd]bjf/L lbPsf ;DaGwdf g]tT[ jsf] wf/0ff dfu u/] s f lyP . s] G ›Lo ;b:ox?sf] lh1f;fsf] ;Daf]wg

ub{} ;efklt ;'zLNf sf]O/fNff, jl/i7 g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf / pk;efklt /fdrG› kf}8]NfNf] sfFu|];sf] pDd]bjf/LNf] /fli6«o Pstf alNfof] ePsf] wf/0ff /fv]sf] s] G ›Lo ;b:o dx] G › zd{ f Nf] atfpg'eof] . laxfg * ah]b]lv ;'? ePsf] a}7sdf lbge/ g} ;+ljwfg lgd{f0fkl5sf] /fhgLlts cj:yf / sfFu; ]| sf] e"ldsfsf] ;DaGwdf 5NfkmNf x' g ] atfOPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgd{f0fkl5 / sfFu; ]

k|wfgdGqL, /fi6«kltNfufotdf pDd]bjf/L lbPkl5 klxNff] k6s cfOtaf/b]lv ;'? ePsf] a}7sdf s]G›Lo ;b:oNf] g]tT[ jNf] pDd]bjf/L ;DaGwdf u/] s f lg0f{ o k| l t cfNff] r gf ug{ ] atfOPsf] 5. cfOtaf/sf] a}7sdf cf;Gg !#cf}F dxflwj]zgdf s]lG›t /x] / 5NfkmNf x' g fsf ;fy} dxflwj]zg tof/Lsf Nfflu ljleGg ;ldlt u7g ul/g] k|:tfj ul/Psf] lyof] . /f;;

k|x/Lsf] uf]NfL Nffu]/ !! jifL{o afNfs;lxt & k|bz{gsf/L 3fOt] jL/u~h, !^ sflQs . jL/u~hdf k| x /L k| b z{ g sf/LaLr ePsf] em8kdf k|x/LNf] rNffPsf] uf]NfL Nffu]/ !! jifL{o afNfs;lxt & hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . dfO:yfg / 306f3/df ePsf em8kdf rNffOPsf] uf]NfLaf6 jL/u~h /fd6f]Nfsf /lj ofbj, /] z dsf] 7 Lsf uf] l aGb ;fx, e]l8of/Lsf e'Nfg ;fx, lzjhL ;fx ;f]gf/, cfb{gu/sf /fx'Nf bf;, ;/f]h s'df/ / /fs]z u'Ktf 3fOt] ePsf xg\ . 3fOt]x?sf] jL/u~hsf] gf/fo0fL pkIf]qLo c:ktfNfdf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . 3fOt]dWo] lzjhL ;fx ;f]gf/sf] cj:yf uDeL/ /x] s f] atfOPsf] 5 . k|x/Lsf] Nff7L k|xf/af6 klg @ bh{ g eGbf a9L 3fOt] ePsf

5g\ . k|x/LNf] bh{gf}+ ;]Nf c>'Uof; k|xf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . 7fpF7fpFdf em8k hf/L 5 . k|bz{sf/LNf]

k;{fsf NffNfk;{fdf gf #) k %!% gDa/sf] df] 6 /;fOsNfdf hNffOlbPsf 5g\ .

sf7df8f} + , !^ sflQs . :jL6\h/Nof08sf] h]g]efdf x'g] Åo' d g /fO6\ ; sfplG;Nfsf] a} 7 sdf pkk| w fgdGqL tyf k//fi6dGqL sdNf yfkf cfkm}+ hfg] ePsf 5g\ . dw];L df]rf{ ;Fusf] jft{fsf Nfflu eGb} yfkfNf] e|d0f /2 u/]sf lyP eg] sfg"g dGqL clUg v/]Nf hfg] to ePsf] lyof] . t/, k|wfgdGqL s]kL zd{f cf]NfL / /fhgLlts ;+oGqsf ;+of]hs k|r08sf] cfu|xdf yfkf cfkm}+ hfg] ePsf x'g\ . …dw];L df]rf{ ;Fusf] jft{f ;sf/fTds ePsf] / dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yfaf/]

5NfkmNf x'g] ePsfNf] k//fi6«dGqL g} hfg' pko'Qm x'g] eg]kl5 pxfF cfkm}+ hfg NffUg' ePsf] xf],Ú /fk|kf g]kfNfsf ;xk|jQmf df]xg >]i7Nf] eg] . k| w fgdGqLsf k| ] ;

;Nf\Nffxsf/ k|df]b bfxfNfNf] klg yfkf cfkm}+ h]ge ] f hfg Nffu]sf] k'li6 u/] . pkk|wfg tyf k//fi6dGqL yfkf ;f]daf/ h]g]efsf Nfflu p8\g5 ] g\ . ca sfg"gdGqL v/]Nf eg] hfg] 5}gg\ .

cGt/fli6«o ;dfrf/

Ps ;Gtfg gLlt dfr{;Dd sfod} / xg], lrlgof“ bDktLNffO{ r]tfjgL o;} ul/ ?kGb] x Lsf] wswO{df klg cfGbf]Nfgsf/LNf] k| w fgdGqL, u[ x dGqL Nfufot laleGg g]tfx?sf] k'TNff hNffPsf 5g . df]rf{ sf If]q g+. ! sf O{Grfh{ laBf k|;fb ofbjsf] g]tT[ jdf /x]sf df] r { f sf sfo{ s t{ f Nf] laleGg gf/fafhL ;lxt wswO{ rf]sdf

k'TNff bxg u/]sf lyP . ;/sf/;+u jft{f ;sf/fTds ?kdf uO{ /x]sf] cjZyfdf la/uGhdf df]rf{ dfyL ;/sf/Nf] cfqmd0f ul/ jft{f k|lt ulDe/ g/x] s f] b] v fPsf] ;befjgfsf s]lG›o pkfWoIf cf]d k|sfz ofbj -u'Nhf/L_Nf] cf/f]k NfufP .

cfOl;l; ljZj lqms]6 lNfu RoflDkogl;kdf lkPghL;“u v]Ng] g]kfNfL v]Nff8L 5gf]6 sf7df8f}+, !^ sflQs . g]kfNf lqms]6 ;+3 SofgNf] lkPghL;Fu cfOl;l; ljZj lqms] 6 lNfu RoflDkogl;k @)!% v]Ng] clGtd v]Nff8L 5fg]sf] 5 .

SofgNf] cfufdL gf]eD] a/ !^ / @* df o'PO{df x'g] v]Nfsf Nfflu lgDg v]Nff8L kf/; v8\sfsf]

ef/t, Dofgdf/, yfONof08, dn] l ;of, lhDafj] , df] / f] S sf] , g]b/] Nof08, xfOl6, 3fgf, n];f]yf], o'uf08f, blIf0f clk|msf, gfOh]l/of, 8]gdfs{, /l;of, a]nf?;, hflDaof nufot ljZjsf tL; d'n'ssf ;'Gb/Lx? pkflw bf}8df ;xeflu x' g ] cfof] h s ;+ : yf OKnfg] 6 k|f=ln=n] hgfPsf] 5 . o; k6ssf] cfof]hgfdf ef/tl:yt ;fdflhs ;+:yf jL kmf]/ jL :yfgLo kf6{g/sf ?kdf /xg] 5 .

Unf]an OG6/g];gn g]kfn @)!$ sL ljh]tf x'g\ . dfnLufpF lgjf;L lgzf xfn kb\d sGof SofDk;df lalaP cWoog/t l5g\ . pgL bLg b'MvL ljz]ift c;fxo / cgfy afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xof]uL x'g] nIf /flV5g\ . df]8lnªdf klg plQs} ?lr /fVg] lgzf :6]h sfo{qmd ;+ r fngdf klg ;lqmo l5g\ . o; k6ssf] ld; x]l/6]h OG6/g];gn @)!% k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn, lkmlnlkG;, a+unfb]z,

h]ge ] f a}7sdf pkk|wfgdGqL yfkf cfkm}+ hfg]

dw];df k|wfgdGqL / u[xdGqLsf] k'TNff hNof] e}/xjf, !^ sflQs . la/u~hdf dw]zL dfyL bdg ePsf] eGb} ;+oQ' m Nff] s tflGqs dw] z L df] r f{ N f] ?kGb] x Lsf] laleGg :yfgdf k|wfgdGqL tyf u[xdGqLsf] k'tNff bxg u/]sf] 5 .cfGbf]Nfg k|efljt :yfgx? ?kGb]xLsf] agufO{af6 df]rf{ Nf] lgsfNf]sf] /ofNfL dfofb]jL rf]sdf /x]sf] lgif]lwt If]q eGbf yf]/} b'/Ldf k|wfgdGqL s]kL cf]NfL / u[x dGqL zlQm axfb'/ a:g]tsf] k'tNff bxg ul/Psf] 5 . ;befjgf kf6{Lsf s]lG›o pkfWoIf cf]d k|sfz ofbj / ;Gtf]if s'df/ kf08]sf] g]tT[ jdf /x]sf df]rf{ sf sfo{st{fNf] ;/sf/ la?4 laleGg gf/fafhL ub{} k'TNff hNffPsf lyP .

sf7df08f}, !% sflQs . ;f}Gbo{ k| l tof] l utf dfkm{ t \ o' g ] : sf] s f] P]ltxfl;s / dxTjk"0f{ ;Dkbf ;"lrdf k/]sf ljZjsf ljleGg d'ns ' sf ;Dkbf / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ tyf k|j4{gsf nflu k|f/De ePsf] …ld; x]l/6]h OG6/g]zgnÚ sf] @)!% sf] ;+:s/0fsf] tof/L cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . o; k| l tof] l utfsf ;xefuL / ljh]tfsf] bfloTj st{To ;DalGwt d'nssf ;fy} ljZjsf, snf, ;+:s[lt, ;Dkbf, ko{6g, jftfj/0f / zflGtsf nflu sfd ug' { /x] s f] 5 . o; k6ssf] cfof]hgf ef/tsf] gofF lbNnL zx/df cfufdL l8;]Da/ ^ b]lv !# tfl/v ;Dd ;+rfng x'g] to ePsf] 5 . ld; x] l /6] h OG6/g];gn @)!%df g]kfnsf tkm{af6 lgzf kf7ssf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] 5 . kfFr lkm6 kfFr OGr pFrfO{sL !( jlif{of lgzf ld;

sKtfgLdf !^ ;b:o v]Nff8L 5gf]6 u/]sf] 5 . kf/; v8\sf, 1fg]G› dNNf, ;'jf; vs'/N] f, a;Gt /]UdL, zlQm uf}rg, ;fu/ k'g, clgNf d08Nf, ;f]dkfNf sfdL, s/0f s];L, dx]zs'df/ If]qL, d]xa'a cfNfd, ;/b e];jfs/, k[Yo' afF:sf]6f,

O;{fxfb cxdb, g/]z a'9fP/ / laqmd ;f]a 5g\ . o:t} k|dv ' k|lzIfsdf k'ab' ' bf;fgfos] / ;xfos sf]rdf lbk]G› k|tfk l;+x 5g\ . 6]lSgsNf PgflNf:6df /dg l;jfsf]6L / lkmhf]of]df >LNf eut 5flgPsf 5g\ .

sf7df8f},+ !^ sflt{s . rLgsf] pRr kl/jf/ lgof]hg lgsfoNf] dfr{;Dd Ps ;Gtfg gLlt kfNfgf ug{ ' eGb} lrlgofF bDktLNffO{ r]tfjgL lbPsf] 5 . ljxLaf/ dfq rLg ;/sf/Nf] bzsf}+ Nffdf] Ps ;Gtfg gLlt cGTo ub{} b'O{ ;Gtfg hGdfpg kfpg] lg0f{ o u/] s f] lyof] . clwsf/Lx?Nf] lgod kl/jt{ g geP;Dd Ps ;Gtfg gLltdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . t/, bf];f| ] ;Gtfgsf] Nfflu ue{jtL ePsf dlxNffx?NffO{ eg] s'g} ;hfo lbOg] 5}g . lrlgofF :jf:Yo / kl/jf/ lgof] h g ;ldltNf] dfr{ d f ljwfosx?Nf] b'O{ ;Gtfg gLlt cg'df]bg gu/];Dd k'/fg} Ps ;Gtfg gLlt sfod /xg] hgfPsf] 5 . ;/sf/Nf] () s/f]8 bDktL b'O{ ;Gtfgsf Nfflu of]Uo /x]sf]

atfPsf] 5 . rLgdf hGdb/ / hg;+Vof j[l4 b/df sdL Nofpg ;G !(&( df ljjfbf:kb Ps ;Gtfg gLlt Nffu" ul/Psf] lyof] . t/, of] gLlt kl/jt{gsf Nfflu eg] bafa a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . kl5 s]xL k|fGtdf of] gLlt v'sN' ff] agfOPsf] lyof] .

Ps ;Gtfg gLlt Nffu" ePkl5 sl/a $) s/f]8 lzz'sf] hGd

/f]lsPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] . of] gLlt pNNf+3g u/]sf]df w]/} bDktLNf] ljleGg lsl;dsf ;hfo / hl/jfgf kfO;s]sf 5g\ eg] ue{ k tgsf ;fy} hflu/af6 x6\g'kg{] afWotfdf;d]t k/]sf 5g\ . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{Nf] b'O{ jif{cl3 cf}krfl/s?kd} Ps ;Gtfg gLlt v's'Nff] kfg{] hgfPsf] lyof] .

-Ph]G;L_

dw]z kf]i6

lh=k|= sf= ;nf{xL btf{ gDa/ $@÷)^^÷)^&

@)&@ sflQs !& ut], d+unjf/

alNfp8 gfos ;fx?v vfgNf] pd]/sf] cw{;ts k'/f u/]sf 5g\ . d'DaO{ afGb|fl:yt cfkm\g} a+uNff dGgtdf pgNf] cfkm\ g f] hGdlbg dgfPsf 5g\ . ;fx?vsL kTgL uf}/L vfg, 5f]/f cfo{g / 5f]/L ;'xfgfNf] ay{8] s]s sf6]sf lyP . To;kl5 3/ aflx/ plePsf k|z+;sNffO{ pgNf] clejfbg u/]sf lyP . pgsf] 3/ aflx/ k| ; + ; sx?Nf] /fte/;Dd cflt;afhL u/]sf lyP . cfh lbge/ ;fx?vsf] 3/ cufl8 k|z; + ssf] 7"Nff] le8 NffUg]5 . sl/c/sf] ;'?jftdf ;fx?vsf Nfflu d'DaO{ lgs} la/fgf] lyof] . d'DaO{df pgsf] 6fpsf] c8\ofpg] 7fpF ;d]t lyPg . yf]/N} ffO{ dfq} yfx 5, ;fx?vNffO{ alNfp8df l6sfpg rNflrq lgdf{tf Pj+ cleg]tf ljj]s jf;jflgNf] ;xof]u u/]sf lyP . ;'?df ;fx?v d'DaO{df ljj]ss} 3/df a;]sf lyP . w]/; } do ;Dd pgL ToxL 3/df a;] . otL ;DdsL kl5 ljj]sNf] pgNffO{ 3/jf6 eufpg] k|of; klg u/] . t/, ;s]gg\ . h'gs'/f] pgNf] Ps cGt{jft{fsf] qmddf eg]sf lyP . ;fx?v u}x| lkmNdL kl/jf/sf lyP, To;sf/0f pgNffO{ d'DaO{ la/fgf] lyof] . d'DaO{ g} la/fgf] ePsf AolQmsf Nfflu alNfp8df sl/c/ cufl8 a9fpg' eg]sf] 6f9fsf] ljifo lyof] . ;fx?vNf] b'/bz{gjf6 k|zf/0f x'g] 6LeL l;l/oNf …kmf}hLÚ jf6 sl/c/ ;'? u/]sf lyP . …kmf}hL / ;s{;' k|zf/0f ePkl5 bz{ssf] ljrdf pgNf] klxrfg agfPsf lyP . pgNffO{ klxNff] k6s x]df dflNfgLsf] rNflrq …lbNf cfzgf x}' df lbAof ef/tLsf] ckf]lh6sf Nfflu s'/f u/]sL lyOg\ . h'g rNflrqsf lgb{z ] s gofF cg'xf/sf] vf]hLdf lyP . ljj]sNf] g} ;fx?vNffO{ pQm rNflrqsf] lgb{z ] s;Fu kl/lrt u/fPsf lyP / ;fx?v rNflrqsf Nfflu 5gf}6 eP . rNflrqdf clego klg u/] . t/, of] rNflrq eGbf klxNff l/lNfh eof] …lbjfgfÚ . …lbjfgfÚ aS; clkm;df ;'k/lx6 dfq} ePg, oxL rNflrqjf6 alNfp8df PË|L lx/f]sf] ;'?jft eof] . To;kl5 l/lNfh eof] …lbNf cfzgf x}' t/, Aofkf/df s'g} pT;fx yKg ;s]g . …lbNf cf;gf x}Ú eGbf klxNff …lbjfgfÚ l/lNfh x'gN' f] pgsf] efUo rDs]sf] xf] eGg]x? w]/} 5g\ . To;kl5 k|bz{g ePsf] …aflhu/Ú / 8/Nf] ;fx?vNffO alNfp8df :yflkt u/fof] .

PdfNf]sf] dGqL 5gf]6df ljjfb sf7df8f},+ !^ sflQs . ;a} zLif{ g] t fx¿åf/ cfkm" lgs6sf ;f+;bNffO{ dGqL agfpg'kg{] c8fg ;Qf?9 bNf g]skf PdfNf]df dGqL 5gf]6sf] ljifoNffO{ lNfP/ rsf]{ ljjfb\ ePsf] 5 . kf6L{ d'VofNfo w'Daf/fxLdf ;f]daf/ ck/fGx a;]sf] :yfoL ;ldltsf] a}7sdf kf6L{sf zLif{ g]tfx?Nf] cfkm" lgs6sf ;f+;b\x?NffO{ dGqL agfpg'kg{] coL

lNfPkl5 ljjfb\ ePsf] xf] . ljjfb\sf sf/0f rf/306f Nffdf] a}7s ljgf lg0f{o 6'l+ uPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL Pj+ kf6L{ cWoIf s]kL zdf{ cf]NfLNf] dGqLsf] gfddf jl/i7 g] t f emNfgfy vgfNf / g]tf dfwjs'df/ g]kfNfNffO{ dgfpg g;s]kl5 a}7s lagf lg0f{o 6'l+ uPsf] xf] .

PdfNf]df dGqL aGg] cfsf+IfLx?sf] ;"rL Nffdf] ePklg PdfNf]sf] efudf ca hDdf !)

j6f dGqfNfo dfq afF l s 5. k|wfgdGqL cf]NfLNf] dGqLkl/ifb\ u7g ePsf] @# lbg ljlt;Sbf klg kf6{ L sf] efudf /x] s f dGqfNfodf dGqL / /fHodGqL lgo'Qm ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . a}7sdf jl/i7 g]tf vgfNf / g]tf g]kfNfNf] dxTjk"0f{ dGqfNfo Pdfcf]jfbL / /fk|kf g]kfNfNffO{ ;'lDkPsf] eGb} cWoIf cf]NfLsf] cfNff]rgf ;d]t u/]sf lyP .

uf}/df ljzfNf la/f]w h'Nf'z k|bz{g /f} t x, !^ sflQs . ;+ o ' Q m Nff] s tflGqs dw] z L df] r { f / ;/sf/aLr ;sf/fTds aftf{sf] z'?cft ePsf] !@ 3G6f glaTb} la/u+hdf cfGbf]Nfgsf/L dfyL ePsf] bdgsf] laifo lNfP/ cf;kf;sf lhNNff ;d]t tfltPsf] 5 . k;f{ cf;kf;sf af/f / /f}tx6sf cfGbf]Nfgsf/L ;d]t cfqmf]l;t ag]sf 5g\ . la/u+ h df ePsf] 36gfqmdsf] k|efj:j?k /f}tx6df ;+ot' m Nff]stflGqs dw]zL df]rf{4f/f em08} *) lbgb] l v hf/L cfdx8tfk|tL P}Soj4tf hgfpb} uf] k fNf ;] j f ;ldlt /f} t x6Nf] ;f]daf/ uf}/df h'Nf'; k|bz { g u/]sf 5g\ . gofF j; kfs{ b]lv z'?eO{ gu/ kl/qmdf ub{} ;/sf/sf] lj/f]wdf rsf] { gf/f ;xLt xhf/f} + ;xefuL/x]sf] h'Nf'; g]kfNf ef/tsf]

ldt]/L k'Nfdf k'u]/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof] . sf]0f;efdf k'j{ ;ef;b aAg lz+x,;befjgfsf s]lG›o ;b:o of]u]G› ofbj Nfufotsf g]tfx? la/u+hdf k|x/L bdgsf] la/f] w ub{ } ;/sf/sf] o:t} ultlawL /x]df cfkm'x? r'kNffu]/ ga:g] r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g .

sf7df8f}+ !^ sflt{s . ko{6g Joj;foLx?n] e" s Dk / gfsfaGbLsf] df/df k/]sf] ko{6g If]qnfO{ lqmofzLn u/L k'/fg} cj:yfdf kmsf{pg ;/sf/ c;Ifd ePsf] cf/f]k nufPsf 5g\ . l/kf]6; { { Sna g]kfnn] cfof] h gf u/] s f] ;fIffTsf/

sfo{qmddf pgLx?n] cy{tGqdf b]zsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf e"ldsf lgjf{ x ub} { cfPsf] ko{ 6 g Joj;fonfO{ e"sDk, gfsfaGbL / aGb x8\tfnn] lj:tflkt u/fpFb} nu]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] ;+/If0f ug{ g;s]sf] cf/f]k nufPsf x'g\ .

o' j fx?Nf] Nf7L,k/f7f h'Nf'; k|b{zg ul//x]sf] h'Nf'zdf lzIfs , Jofkf/L , ls;fg , dhb'/ , 8fS6/ , a'4hLjL , ;dfh;]jL ,Nfufotsf ob'jzLx? ;xefuL /x]sf] lyof] . !) xhf/ eGbf a9Lsf] ;Vofdf k|bz{gsf/Lx? ;xefuL ePsf] lyof] .

ko{6gsf] ljsf; ug{ ;/sf/ c;Ifd ePsf] Joj;foLx?sf] cf/f]k ;fIffTsf/df af]Nb} g]kfn kj{ t f/f] x 0f ;+ 3 sf cWoIf cfªl5l/ª z]kf{n] df6f] / 9'ª\ufn] ag]sf lxdfnL If]q e"sDkn] Wj:t kf/]sf] eGb} cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ko{6g Joj;fonfO{ ;/sf/n] j]jf:yf u/]sf] cf/f]k nufP .

df]6/;fOsNf rf]/L ug{] tLghgf kqmfp ;Kt/L, !^ sflQs . /fhlj/fhl:yt uh]G›gf/fo0f l;Fx ;u/dfyf c~rNf c:ktfNfaf6 ut c;f]h @& ut] rf]/L ePsf] df]6/;fOsNf;lxt tLghgf o'jfNffO{ k|x/LNf] kqmfp u/L cfh ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . rf]/L ePNfuQ} k|x/LNf] vf]hL ug{] qmddf af # k ()^% gDa/sf] df]6/;fOsNf rf]/Ldf ;+NfUg /x]sf tLghgf o'jfNffO{ kqmfp u/]sf] k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5. kqmfp kg{d ] f /fhlj/fh gu/kflNfsf–! sf b]jG] ›s'df/ ;fx, j8f gDa/–^ sf ;fu/ ofbj / j8f gDa/–& sf alj;s'df/ ;fx /x] s f] lhNNff k| x /L sfo{ f Nfo ;Kt/Lsf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs gf/fo0fk| ; fb lrdl/ofNf] atfpg'eof] . gDa/ KNf]6 kl/jt{g u/L h $ k @#%% gDa/ Nf] v ] / df] 6 /;fOsNfsf] Nf] u –uf8{ / efOh/;d]t kl/jt{g u/L k|of]u ul//x] s f] cj:yfdf k| x /LNf] df] 6 /;fOsNf;lxt tLg} h gf o'jfNffO{ kqmfp ul/Psf] k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;Kt/Lsf] aygfxf uflj;–* sf @^ jif{ L o bz/ys' d f/ d08NfNf] /fhlj/fhl:yt uh]G›gf/fo0f l;+x ;u/dfyf c~rNf c:ktfNfdf cfkm\gL la/fdL kTgLNffO{ pkrf/ u/fpg c:ktfNf cfPsf] a]Nff c:ktfNfsf] cfsl:ds sIfsf] 5]pdf /x]sf] kfls{ªd\ f df]6/;fOsNf /fv]kl5 rf]/L ePsf] lyof] . kqmfp k/] s fNffO{ cg' ; Gwfgsf Nfflu lhNf\Nff k|x/L sfo{fNfodf /flvPsf] 5 . s]xL lbgotf ;b/d'sfd /fhlj/fh gu/kflNfsfsf ljleGg j8fdf rf] / Lsf 36gf a9\ b } uO/x]sf] k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5 .

$

jf/

5f]6s/L ;dfrf/

ofq';u“ lNfPsf] a9L ef8f ofq'NffO{ g} lkmt{f l;Gw'NfL, !^ sflQs . l;Gw'NfLdf k|x/LNf] ofT?;Fu a9L ef9f lNfg] uf8LNffO{ sf/jfxL ug{] cleofg ;'? u/]sf] 5 . cleog cGtu{t k|x/LNf] ofq';uF uf8LjfNffNf] lNfPsf] tf]lsP eGbf a9L ef8f ofq'NffO{ g} lkmt{f u/fPsf] 5 . zOGwg cefj ePsf] eGb} ofT?;Fu a9L ef8f lNfPsf uf8LjfNffaf6 tf]lsP eGbf a9L lNfOPsf] ef8f ofq'NffO{ g} lkmt{f u/fOPsf] k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5 . ofq';uF a9L ef8f lNfP/ 7uL ug{] ^ j6f uf8LNffO{ o;/L sf/jfxL ul/Psf] k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5 . tL uf8LNf] ^$ hgf ofq'af6 lNfPsf] tf]lsPsf] eGbf a9L ef8f @$ xhf/ tLg ;o %) ?k}ofF k|x/LNf] ofT?NffO{ g} lkmt{f u/]sf] xf] .

/fk|kf g]kfNfNf] dGqL / dGqfNfo 6'U+ ofof] sf7df8f},+ !^ sflQs . ;Qf¿9 bNfsf] Ps 36s /fk|kf g]kfNfNf] tLg dGqfNfo;lxt ^ hgf dGqL ;/sf/df k7fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . /fk|kf g]kfNfNf] pkk|wfg;lxt k//fi6«, :yfgLo ljsf; / e'ld;'wf/ dGqfNfo kfpg] ePsf] 5 . cWoIf sdNf yfkf pk k|wfgdGqL / k//fi6« dGqL tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL aGg] x'g' ePsf] 5 . o:t} /fds'df/ ;'Aaf e'ld ;'wf/ dGqL aGg] to ePsf] /fk|kf g]kfNfsf Ps pRr g]tfNf] atfP . o:t} e"ld;'wf/ dGqfNfosf] /fHo dGqLdf laqmdaxfb'/ yfkf / ;xfos dGqLdf lbg]z >]i7NffO{ 5fg]sf] 5 . o:t} :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfNfosf] /fHo dGqLdf s'GtLs'df/L zfxL / ;xfos dGqLdf lj/fh lji6NffO{ agfpg] lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . cWoIf yfkf :jL6\h/Nof08 e|d0fdf hfg' cl3 k|wfgdGqLNffO{ cfkm\gf kf6L{sf tkm{af6 dGqL aGg]x¿sf] gfdfjfNfL a'emfO;s]sf] tL g]tfNf] atfP .

vf]Nffdf 8'a/] Ps afNfssf] d[To' alb{of, !^ sflQs e'l/ufFp glhs cfDjf;f vf]Nffdf 8'a/] Ps afNfssf] Hofg uPsf] 5 . 3/ glhs} cfDjf;f vf]Nffdf g'xfpg] qmddf aaO{ gu/kflNfsf –# k|tfk'/ ufFpsf & jif{sf ;f}uft yfkfsf] Hofg uPsf] O{Nffsf k|x/L sfo{fNfo e'/LufFpNf] hgfPsf] 5 .cfDjf;f vf]Nffdf # hgf afNfs g'xfpFb} ub{f PSsf;L aLrsf] ulx/f]df 8'Ab} u/]sf] cj:yfdf vf]Nffdf df5f dfg{N] f] b]vk] l5 afFsL @ hgfNffO{ ;s'zNf p2f/ u/]sf] afNfssf cfkmGt o1 yfkfNf] atfpg'eof] . afNfssf] zj kf]:6df6dsf Nfflu lhNNff c:ktfNf u'Nfl/of NfluPsf] 5 .

jL/u~hdf k|x/Lsf] === ;+Vof a9]kl5 ;'/IffsdL{ k5f8L x6]sf] lyof] . k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] k|x/LnfO{ x6fpg vf]Hbf k|x/Ln] k|bz{gsf/L dflu uf]NfL k|xf/ ubf{ Pssf] d[To' ePsf] k;f{ k|x/LNf] hgfPsf] 5 . ck/fxg gujf / 306f3/df ePsf] em8kdf * k| b z{ g sf/LNffO{ /a/sf] uf] N fL Nffu]sf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] gf/fo0fL pkIf] q Lo c:ktfNfdf pkrf/ d[ts cflz; /fd eO/x]sf] 5 . yk Iflt x'g ;fFem ^ ah];Dd k|bz{gsf/LNf] glbg :yfgLo k|zf;gNf] ck/fxg ;x/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf k|bz{g # ah]b]lv jL/uGh ahf/ If]qdf ul//x]sf lyP . k|bz{gsf/Lx? dfly clglZrtsfNfsf Nfflu skm\o'{ hf/L k|x/Ln] cGwfw'g uf]nL k|xf/ u/]kl5 u/] s f] k| d ' v lhNNff clwsf/L cfqmf]l;t k|bz{gsf/Lsf] 9'+uf s]zj/fh l3ld/]Nf] atfpg'eof] . k|xf/af6 @ ;O{;lxt * k|x/L 3fOt] # ah]af6 skm\o'{ hf/L eP klg ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 .

;fj{hlgs cg'/f]w = = = = = = = = = = =

v'Nnf lb;f, gs{sf] le;f . v'Nnf lb;f gu/f},+ csfndf gd/f}+ . ufp“3/ xfd|f] xf], ;kmf /fVg' /fd|f] xf] . ;/;kmfO{ xfO–xfO{, v'Nnf lb;f afO{–afO{ . rkL{ agfcf},+ OHht a9fcf}+ . :jR5 kfgL, ;'/lIft lhGbufgL . gk'ud] f xfd|f] Wofg, kmf]x/n] lnG5 Hofg . ;kmf 3/–;kmf cfug, agfcf}+ rkL{ a9fcf} zfg . v'Nnf 7fpdf gxuf},+ u'x' vfg] gagf}+ . ;/;kmfO{sf] gf/fn] ;'v kfp5 ;f/fn] .

3/3/df rkL{ /f]usf] 5}g 8/, 3f6f slt 5}g lsg c?sf] e/ .

:6\of08\; g]kfn÷u|fdL0f gf/L pTyfg ;+3 xl/k'/, ;nf{xL