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BillofMaterialsfortheBackyardBiocharKilnAdd%biochartochickenfeedtoincreaseweightgainby%HereisalistofmaterialsyouwillneedItisimportant tostirthewoodchipsinsidethestoveduringthecombustionprocessorcarefullyburninlayerscharcoalproducedfromagriculturalcropwasteandforestry residue,calledbiocharenvironmentAddbiochartochickenfeedandlittertoimprovethequalityofmanureandlitterasfertilizerItisoftenenhancedwith nutrientsandmicroorganisms,intendedtoimprovesoilpropertiesandplantgrowthWhatdoyouneedtomakeit?AnimalfeedbiocharThecostofproducingone tonneofbiocharusinganorchardsystem’swasteandamobilepyrolysisunitinCaliforniawasaround$–$(Nematianetal,)and$to$(Thenganeetal,) Biocharapplicationtosoilsrequiresasimilarstrategyasthe4Rsofnutrientstewardship:rightsource,rightplace,rightrate,andrighttimingWhenbiocharisused appropriatelyitcanhelpfarmersachievemaximumcropproductivityandimprovesoilhealth,whileminimizingenvironmentalimpactscharcoalproducedfrom agriculturalcropwasteandforestryresidue,calledbiochar.Thisresearchsuggeststhatbiocharprovidestwokeybenefits:itstorescarbonfromtheliveBiochar. Theproductionofbiocharinvolvesutilizingvariousagriculturalresidues,includingmaizestalks,cotton,sunflower,andmore1, Abstract.Charcoal-makingstoves showpromiseofbringinglow-costbiochartoruralareastBJ:allarticlesThestepsfortheproductionofhighqualitybiocharusingyardwaste(woodbranches) includesasmallwoodchipperandabiocharstove(Figure)FOLLOWTHE4RSYouwillalsoneedaweldertomakeametalframetosup-portthedruminside thekilnThisresearchsuggeststhatbiocharprovidestwokeybenefits:itstorescarbonfromthelivebiomassthatisburnedtocreatethechar,anditstabilizesthe soilcarboncyclewhenappliedasasoilamendmentBiocharismadebyburningslashinanoxygen-limitedenvironmentatrelativelylow-to-moderatetemperatures (°F–°F)Itcanbeproducedatmanyscales,fromsmall,on-siteloglandingstolarge,off-sitefacilitieswithasteadysupplyofwoodybiomasssuchasa bioenergyproductionfacilityBiocharimproveslong-termsoilfertility.Whenincorporatedintoarichsourceoforganicmaterial,itwillsoakupandstoreall availablemacroandmicronutrients,includingnitrogen,potassium,phosphorus,calcium,magnesium,manganese,zinc,iron,andboronBiochar:acharcoal-like materialmadeundersuitableconditionsfromnon-contaminatedstartingmaterial,andcrushedintosmallpiecesformixinginthesoilYouwillneedweldingskillsor aweldertomaketheventpipeandattachittothedrumThereisanupsurgeenthusiasmforutilizingbiocharproducedfromwaste-biomassindifferentfields,to addressthemostimportantecologicalissuesOpen-sourcedesignsforovenscanmakethemaveryeconomicalchoiceAddbiochartochickenandduckfeedto reducediseaseinaflockAddbiochartothefloorlittertoreducetheammoniasmellandincreaseeggproductionThecone-pitopenearthkilntechniquecosts almostThenameofthiscategoryisbasedonthemetaphorthat,asabreadovenisaunitusedtobakedoughtoproducebread,abiocharovenisunitusedto bakefeedstocktoproducebiochar.Rawcharcoalislikeasponge.ThisDependingonwhereafarmislocatedsomefeedstockstoproducebiocharinclude poultrylitter,manure,switchgrass,ricehulls,cornstover,vine/treeprunings,coconuthusks,Pyrogeniccarboncaptureandstorage(PyCCS),whichcomprisesthe productionofbiomass,itspyrolysis,andthenon-oxidativeuseofthebiochartocreatecarbonsinks,Oneofthereasonsforlowadaptabilityistheprohibitivecost ofproduction