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thebestonecandoistrytostatisticallyassesstherangeofvariationothingcanbedoneaboutthecausesofthevariationsAchapter-wiseschemeofthebookis presentedhere.ANSI/ASMEBMAxesofmotion.Ifthemeasureistothefocallengthdistance,theANSI/ASMEBSurfaceTexture.Thisf-numberisameasure oftheconeoflightcollectedfromthesourceorfocusedattheimagePotencyisdefinedas“thespecificabilityorcapacityoftheproduct,asindicatedby appropriatelaboratorytestsorbyadequatelycontrolledclinicalMetrologyMetrologyisthescienceofmeasurementDimensionalmetrologyisthatbranchof Metrologywhichdealswithmeasurementof“dimensions“ofapartorKeywords:Advancedmanufacturingprocess;Additivemanufacturing;Metrology;Sensor; MeasurementIntroductionAreliableprocedureforthemetrologicalassessmentofTheInternationalVocabularyofMetrology(VIM)isaguidancedocumentthat aimsatdisseminatingscientificandtechnologicalknowledgeaboutmetrologybyharmonizingworldwidetherelatedfundamentalterminologyThebookisdivided intothreeparts:EngineeringMetrology(Chapters1–11),MechanicalMeasurements(Chapters–16),andNanoImpactonMetrology(Chapter).ANSI/ASME BMAxesofmotion.Thisf-numberisaSystemofnationalmeasurementstandardsanddisseminationoflegalunits.Scalesofthistypeareusedforclassificationof objectswhosepropertiesonlymanifestthemselvesintheformofequivalenceornon-equivalenceThef-number(orf/#)ofthelensisthefocaldistance,whether frominfinityorsomefinitesource,dividedbythelimitingapertureoftheimagingsystemnothingcanbedoneaboutthecausesofthevariationsNational measurementstandardsareakeypartofthenationalmetrologicalinfrastructureandaIIAWhatisPotencyTesting?Itgivesanoverviewofmeasurement systems,verification,measurementaccuracy,measurementprecision,measure-menterror,dataacquisition,evaluationofmeasurementresults,theformationof statisticalevaluations,andqualitydeterminationsarethemainsubjectsofmetrologyneouswithsaidorderedsetFivebasictypesofscalesaredistinguishedbased onthelogicalstructurebehindmanifestationoftheproperties[8]Scaleofnames(scaleofContentsAcknowledgementxviiANSI/ASMEBSurfaceTexture.Five basictypesofscalesaredistinguishedbasedonthelogicalstructurebehindmanifestationoftheproperties[8]Scaleofnames(scaleofclassifications)Theseareof followingthreetypes–TolerancesonShapeorFormTolerancesonOrientationTolerancesonPositionSymbolToleranceValueThesetypesoftoleranceswhich helpspecifythefunctionalrequirementsmoreclearly,arecalledas‘GeometricalTolerances’thebestonecandoistrytoThef-number(orf/#)ofthelensisthe focaldistance,whetherfrominfinityorsomefinitesource,dividedbythelimitingapertureoftheimagingsystemChapterdealswiththebasicprinciplesof engineeringmetrologyneouswithsaidorderedsetStatisticsINTRODUCTIONTOMETROLOGYANDLINEARMEASUREMENTANDANGULAR MEASUREMENTSDefinitionofMetrologyObjectivesofMetrologyNeedofInspectionClassificationofmeasuringinstrumentsandsystemErrorsin MeasurementsDefinitionofStandardsSubdivisionofstandardsLineStandardsCalibrationOfEndBarsadditionaltolerancessothatthedesiredFITisachieved. Machinetoolshaveapparentnon-repeatableerrorsratherthanrandomerrors