The Cleveland Orchestra January 5 & 7, 2023 Concerts

Gilbert Conducts Nielsen and Haydn 2022 /2023 S EASON January 5 & 7, 2023

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2022 /2023 SEASON JAC K , J O S E P H A N D M O R TO N M A N D E L C O N C E R T H A L L AT S E V E R A N C E M U S I C C E N T E R

Gilbert Conducts Nielsen and Haydn Thursday, January 5, 2023, at 7:30 p.m.

Saturday, January 7, 2023, at 8:00 p.m.

Alan Gilbert, conductor James Oliverio

(b. 1956)

Legacy Ascendant Concerto for Timpani and Strings I. Then II. Halcyon III. Once Again

20 minutes

Paul Yancich, timpani World Premiere, commissioned by The Cleveland Orchestra

Franz Joseph Haydn

(1732–1809)

Carl Nielsen

COVER: PHOTO BY ROGER MASTROIANNI

(1865–1931)

Symphony No. 90 in C major I. Adagio — Allegro assai II. Andante III. Menuetto — Trio IV. Finale: Allegro assai

25 minutes

INTERMISSION

20 minutes

Symphony No. 3 (“Sinfonia espansiva”) in D major, Opus 27 I. Allegro espansive II. Andante pastorale III. Allegretto un poco IV. Finale: Allegro Liv Redpath, soprano Justin Austin, baritone

40 minutes

Approximate running time: 1 hour 45 minutes

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Experience the Orchestra in a whole new way Orchestra cellists Richard Weiss (L) and Mark Kosower at rehearsal. Photo by Roger Mastroianni.

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I N T RO DUC TI ON WHAT BETTER WAY to start a new year than with a world premiere. This weekend opens with the first performances of James Oliverio’s Legacy Ascendant Concerto for Timpani and Strings, which The Cleveland Orchestra commissioned for principal timpanist Paul Yancich. The evocative title refers specifically to the five-decade relationship between Oliverio and Yancich during which they helped craft a new repertoire for solo timpani, adding three concertos and chamber works.

The concerto’s name also provides a fitting theme for this sweeping program encompassing four centuries of music history, reaching back to the foundations of the symphony while simultaneously spinning forward through the inventions of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Alan Gilbert, shown leading The Cleveland Orchestra The concert continues with Haydn’s in April 2022, conducts the first concerts of 2023.

Symphony No. 90, commissioned by “To me there’s a palpable sense of humanthe same French aristocrat who underity in his music,” Gilbert said. “He’s such wrote all six of the composer’s “Paris” an amazing composer who can capture symphonies (Nos. 82 to 87). With his in a very personal, unique way a kind prolific output, Haydn, nicknamed the of universal human experience. It’s the “Father of the Symphony,” created a form that Danish composer Carl Nielsen kind of music that speaks to people.”

Introducing these symphonies, would bend to his sensibilities more Oliverio’s concerto stands as a fulcrum than 100 years later. Nielsen’s Third between past and future. Embedded in Symphony “Sinfonia espansiva,” which the score is inherited wisdom imparted closes the program, drapes a colorful Scandinavian sound palette — Viking horn by teachers and mentors, as well as the promise of passing on to a new generacalls, Danish folksongs, and a Nordic tion of musicians. As Oliverio says, landscape brought to vivid relief — over “To be able to see from a mountain peak an essentially Classical structure. in both directions — to me that’s very Conductor Alan Gilbert, a longtime special and meaningful.” friend of the Orchestra, has championed — Amanda Angel Nielsen’s work throughout his career.

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Legacy Ascendant Concerto for Timpani and Strings By

James Oliverio

BORN : April 11, 1956, in Cleveland, Ohio

Ω COMPOSED : 2021–22 Ω WORLD PREMIERE: This weekend’s concerts mark the world premiere performances of Legacy Ascendant. Ω ORCHESTRATION: string orchestra, harp, and solo timpani Ω DURATION: 20 minutes

Legacy Ascendant, the third in a trilogy of timpani concertos by James Oliverio, encompasses what the composer calls a mountaintop view on several fronts: a musical legacy, a passage across two centuries, and a personal history that began right here in Cleveland.

The world premiere of his Concerto for Timpani and Strings — performed by Paul Yancich, the Orchestra’s principal timpanist since 1981 — is the culmination of nearly five decades of collaboration and friendship that started during their student days at the Cleveland Institute of Music. For Oliverio, a prolific and versatile composer who has won five Emmys for his work in television, the artistic partnership has taken him from having to learn how timpani work to setting a new standard in solo repertoire for the instrument. For Yancich, it has 4 | 2022/2023 SEASON

begotten a body of work that not only has deeply personal roots, but has expanded and advanced what’s possible for timpanists today and in the future.

Mutual trust and respect have allowed Yancich and Oliverio to push each other over the years. As students in the 1970s, when Yancich first approached Oliverio to write a piece for his senior recital, there wasn’t much by way of suitable repertoire, and Oliverio didn’t know much about the instrument. So, with Yancich’s help, he set out to familiarize himself with its mechanics, even getting on the floor to study how the pedals and gears work to change the drum’s pitch.

From there a lifelong artistic dynamic developed, defined by exchanges of ideas, feedback, and always a willingness to try something new. “I believe the composer and the performer in collaboration spur

PHOTO BY ROGER MASTROIANNI

each other on to greater achievement,” says Oliverio. “To me that advances the art form.”

Oliverio composed all three of his timpani concertos for Yancich. From the start, Oliverio intended to broaden the perception of the timpani beyond providing rhythmic support or accentuating dramatic moments in orchestral pieces. His first concerto, The Olympian (1990), shattered those boundaries for audiences and performers alike, introducing deep melodic lines and demanding that timpanists juggle eight drums, as opposed to the conventional orchestral setup of two to four. One section in the third movement earned the nicknames “Chaos,” “Spider,” or “Octopus,” as Mark Yancich, Paul’s brother and principal timpanist of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, calls it due to the athletic arm-wriggling needed to rapidly hit the eight drums encircling the timpanist.

Since its premiere with The Cleveland Orchestra and Paul Yancich in May 1990, The Olympian has been performed by timpanists with several other major orchestras and even inspired a doctoral dissertation.

Oliverio’s second piece, DYNASTY Double Timpani Concerto (2011), was written for both Yancich brothers. The two hail from a musical family going back at least four generations, among them professional cornet and horn players, and a grandfather, Paul White, who conducted the Rochester Philharmonic for 30 years.

For the creation of Legacy Ascendant, clevelandorchestra.com

Principal timpani Paul Yancich (right) and composer James Oliverio take a joint bow on the stage of Severance following the world premiere of Oliverio’s First Timpani Concerto, The Olympian, on May 10, 1990.

commissioned by The Cleveland Orchestra, Yancich had a few requests: strings only for the orchestra, and a composition that brought out qualities of tone in the timpani and engaged musical dialogue among all the instruments. Oliverio added a harp, which has played a strong supporting role in all his timpani concertos, to complement and contrast with the starring kettledrums.

Yancich likens the challenge of playing melodic lines on the timpani to playing a violin where “everything is a pizzicato and on an open string.” To create pitch, timpanists use pedals to adjust the tension of each drum head before it’s struck, a technical feat that’s often invisible at the back of the stage. Tone — THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA | 5

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work closes with a long decrescendo — a quality of sound that mixes color, a soft, subtle fade unlike the “exclamatimbre, articulation, and pitch —is all tion points” that mark the end of his about the player’s touch and technique, as well as the type of sticks and drums he previous timpani concertos. “It fades off into the distance like an echo across uses. The new concerto, notes Yancich, the valley from the mountains,” Oliverio is “less a technical display of virtuosity says. “Then the silence returns, and that’s in terms of flying around the drums and a chance to breathe again, and renew.” more the beauty of sound.”

That shift is fitting for a composer who Yancich’s knowledge and mastery set out several decades ago to show that of the three concertos he helped bring the timpani is more than just “bravado to fruition will be part of the legacy and underscoring the orchestra in the he passes on to a new generation of loud parts,” as he once put it. “I wanted performers. He carries the musical to add to the repertoire and hopefully legacy he inherited from his family and help to do for timpani what Paganini and teachers, and the one he developed as Chopin did for their instruments,” he a performer and teacher himself. says in reflection. “That’s part of the Seeing the full arc of past, present, legacy that I hope will go on. And Paul as and future is very much embedded in Oliverio’s creative DNA. He is enchanted a performer has expanded what it means to be a virtuoso timpanist.” with the idea of living at the turn of a In his score notes, Oliverio states that century, and readily acknowledges past Legacy Ascendant is not only a showcase influences in his compositions while for Yancich’s artistry, but also a celebraembracing contemporary tools and tion of their lifelong friendship and sensibilities. (For 22 years, he has been artistic collaboration. One might also executive director of the Digital Worlds call it evolution.

Institute at the University of Florida, “To return to our old stomping with professorships in Music and in grounds in Cleveland and to have crossed Digital Arts & Sciences.) Accordingly, into the 21st century and worked together Legacy Ascendant has influences that in two centuries — it is just a poetic kind include jazz and pop music, as well as of development,” the composer says.

20th-century concert repertoire.

“To be able to see from a mountain peak Oliverio says he sought to make in both directions — to me that’s very Legacy Ascendant “both engaging and special and meaningful.” reflective” — a balance of the “go go go” excitement that’s common in youth — Luna Shyr and the more contemplative mood that deepens with the years. Even the three Luna Shyr is a freelance writer and editor. Her work has appeared in National Geographic, The Wall Street movement titles walk us down the path: Journal, Atlas Obscura, and at Lincoln Center for the Then, Halcyon, Once Again. The 20-minute Performing Arts.

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PHOTO BY R.E. SIRCHAR

Composer’s Note Music, like life itself, is comprised of moments unfolding in time. Some are at once memorable; others may take decades to acquire meaning. I have been blessed with moments of both kinds in my relationship with virtuoso timpanist Paul Yancich. Our musical collaborations have resulted in the creation of a variety of new work, ranging from the seminal chamber piece composed for his senior recital at the Cleveland Institute of Music to full orchestral scores premiered by leading American orchestras. This oeuvre is now augmented by Legacy Ascendant, the third concerto in our shared timpanic trilogy.

The world premiere of Legacy Ascendant by The Cleveland Orchestra provides a bookend symmetry to the debut of my first timpani concerto, The Olympian, which received its initial performances in Cleveland in 1990. In the middle came the DYNASTY Double Timpani Concerto, composed for Paul and his timpanist brother Mark Yancich, premiered by their respective orchestras in Cleveland and Atlanta during the 2011–12 concert season. Symmetry has also played an important, albeit largely unnoticed, role in my compositional process. Typically, I create a palindromic framework of metric architecture (i.e., time signatures) and then weave thematic materials across this underlying structure much like vines growing organically over a foundational lattice.

Another consistent factor in the composition of my timpani concertos has been the prominence given to the clevelandorchestra.com

harp in each of the scores. Both the timpani and the harp are pedal-empowered, meaning that the performers must change their instrument’s pitches with foot pedals in real time even while the music is being played. Legacy Ascendant continues this tradition, featuring the harp in a variety of significant passages, oftentimes accompanying, or being accompanied by, the timpani.

The first movement, Then, is comprised of two primary sections sequenced into a tripart structure. After a brief introduction, the first section emerges with an irrepressible forward-moving energy, featuring melodic motifs introduced by the timpani and then embellished by the strings. This forward motion eventually subsides into a gentle nostalgia initially invoked by the solo harp, and then developed in melodic dialogue with the timpani. The strings join and begin to intertwine in simultaneous variations on THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA | 7

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the thematic material, creating a rich texture of individual lines. Inevitably, the rambunctious energy of the opening section reawakens, and propels us toward a conclusion sealed with an emphatic exclamation from the timpani.

Halcyon opens with a solo passage for the harp, flowing directly into the first statement of the movement’s main theme by the timpanist. The motif is then offered again with a variation in 5/8 time, initially accompanied by the strings in pizzicato articulations, then taken up and developed in bowed lines by the violin and viola sections.

A brief polyphonic passage emerges in which phrases from the main theme are referenced in dialogue amongst the various voices of the ensemble.

The subsequent rhythmic interchange between pizzicato strings and timpani shifts the conversation into a dynamic call and response, which concludes with a timpani cadenza. In this solo passage, the melodic capabilities of the instrument are highlighted, including an example of two-voice timpani writing.

When the orchestra reenters, the rich multi-voice conversation begins anew, culminating in a staccato transition that pits the main theme against a polyrhythmic backdrop. The solo harp returns to usher in a penultimate thematic statement from the timpani soloist. The Halcyon motif is then shared one last time in a simple duet between the harp and timpani.

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The third movement, Once Again, begins with the subtle articulation of a single pitch, expanding into a cluster of tones that support the timpani’s initial melodic offering. Viola and cello soloists briefly invoke a theme heard previously in the concerto’s opening movement before gliding into the first of several rhythmic passages. The musical interval of the minor seventh is stated and expounded upon by the timpani soloist through a series of variations. Incorporating stylistic influences from both jazz and American popular music idioms, the collective texture of individual instrumental lines become increasingly more complex until the competing forces converge into a staccato tutti that leads to the second cadenza of the concerto, a “signature” passage of the soloist’s own devising.

At the conclusion of the “signature” cadenza, the harp and strings reenter to motivate a reprisal of thematic material originally introduced by viola and cello soloists near the beginning of the movement. This time, however, soloists from each of the individual string sections respond to the timpanist’s melodic offerings to weave a multicolored sonic tapestry across the closing moments of the concerto. Each of these brief solo statements were conceived to be reminiscent of those we have known, loved, and perhaps lost; moments, memories, and meanings that comprise our own personal legacy.

— James Oliverio

Symphony No. 90 in C major By

Franz Joseph Haydn

BORN : March 31, 1732, in Rohrau, Austria DIED:

May 31, 1809, in Vienna

Ω COMPOSED : 1788 Ω WORLD PREMIERE: Paris, 1788 or 1789 Ω CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA PREMIERE: This is only the second time The Cleveland Orchestra has presented this symphony at Severance, following a series of performances led by Louis Lane in December 1967. Ω ORCHESTRATION: flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, and strings Ω DURATION: 25 minutes

HAYDN WROTE SIX “Paris” symphonies (Nos. 82 through 87) and 12 “London” symphonies (Nos. 93 through 104).

Between them came five symphonies which could perhaps be classed as further Paris symphonies since they had close connections with that city. The first two (Nos. 88 and 89) were commissioned in 1787 by an adventurer who played the violin in Haydn’s orchestra at Esterházy, Johann Tost. Tost set off for Paris to seek his fortune armed with two new Haydn symphonies and another

by Gyrowetz, which he managed to pass off to a French publisher as also the work of Haydn.

The next three were commissioned by Claude-François-Marie Rigoley, Comte d’Ogny, a French aristocrat who was

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born a few days before Mozart, and who died even younger, in 1790. He played an important part in Parisian music in the years before the Revolution, having founded in 1782 the Loge Olympique, whose purpose was to give regular concerts in the Tuileries Palace. He assembled a large music library and managed to retain his position as Postmaster-General even after the fall of the Bastille in 1789. The library was eventually dispersed, with the manuscript of Symphony No. 90 ending up in the Library of Congress.

Comte d’Ogny, who commissioned the “Paris” Symphonies, was so gratified by the six works Haydn wrote for him in 1785 that he commissioned three more in 1788 (Nos. 90, 91, and 92). At the same THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA | 9

ers like Liszt in giving a foretaste of his Allegro in the Adagio that precedes it.

Beethoven picked up on this idea in his “Pathétique” Sonata. The Allegro itself exhibits a variety of lively ideas, including a second subject given to the flute and answered by the oboe (their roles are reversed in the recapitulation), a torrent of scales for all the strings together, and the neat management of the main theme so that it is both an opening theme and a closing cadence.

The Andante is cast as a double set of variations, one of Haydn’s favorite forms. The first theme is in F major, made up of two repeated halves; the second is in F minor, again consisting of two repeated halves, and featuring some striking silences. The variations alternate, although there is space for only two variations of the major theme and one of the minor theme.

Trumpets and drums return for the Minuet, considered by some critics Franz Joseph Haydn by English printmaker William Daniell (1809), based on a drawing by to suggest the stately style of the French George Dance from 1794. court, although Haydn had no need to flatter his patron in this way. The Trio is time (while Mozart, as it happens, was a delicious solo for the oboe, and the composing his great three final symphoFinale is playful and ingenious in Haydn’s nies, Nos. 39, 40, and 41, without any financial sponsor), Haydn received a com- typical manner. If he felt any need for stateliness, he provided it here when the mission for three symphonies from a German patron, the Prince of Oettingen- full orchestra hammers out chords of C major as if to apologize for so much Wallerstein, so he was conveniently irresistible merriment. able to double his money with the same merchandise.

— Hugh Macdonald Haydn was fond of beginning his symphonies with slow, often solemn, Hugh Macdonald is Avis H. Blewett Professor Emeritus of Music at Washington University in St. introductions. In the case of Symphony Louis. He has written books on Beethoven, Berlioz, No. 90, he anticipates Romantic compos- Bizet, and Scriabin.

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Symphony No. 3 (“Sinfonia espansiva”) in D major, Opus 27 By

Carl Nielsen

BORN : June 9, 1865, in Sortelung, Denmark DIED:

October 3, 1931, in Copenhagen

Ω COMPOSED : 1910–11 Ω WORLD PREMIERE: February 28, 1912, with the Royal Orchestra in Copenhagen, Denmark, conducted by the composer Ω CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA PREMIERE: February 1966, at a series of concerts led by Louis Lane Ω ORCHESTRATION: 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 3 oboes (3rd doubling english horn), 3 clarinets, 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, and strings, plus soprano and bass soloists in the second movement only. Nielsen provided an alternate version of the score with clarinets playing the vocal lines. Ω DURATION: about 40 minutes

those northern countries kept contributing to the eclectic mix that followed. music has moved like a tidal wave from Britain, for example, gave rise to a new the Mediterranean, breaking in Italy and generation of highly original composers, then sweeping across France, Austria, the richest harvest from the area since and Germany before lapping at the the Elizabethan age. Meanwhile, the shores of the British Isles and ScandinaMahler revival of the 1960s sent concert via. Each country changed the course of that wave as it passed, and, in the past programmers back to the music library in search of other composers from the century or so, it propelled England’s “recent past” who might have something Edward Elgar, Norway’s Edvard Grieg, and Finland’s Jean Sibelius to permanent to teach us about new uses for the old language of tonal harmony. Northerners enshrinement in the concert hall. with roots in folk music, such as the After the mid-20th century, when the Englishman Ralph Vaughan Williams and dominance of the Schoenberg 12-tone the Dane Carl Nielsen, could speak in school over new music began to wane, OVER THE CENTURIES , Western classical

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their distinctive voices to audiences from Tokyo to Madrid.

Carl Nielsen was born into a large, poor family in the hamlet of Sortelung, on the Danish island of Funen. His father, who eked out a living as a house painter and village fiddler, gave him what little early musical training he had. Young Carl discovered on his own the keyboard and string works of Bach, Haydn, and Mozart, and taught himself to play them. After attending the Copenhagen Conservatory on scholarship, Nielsen spent much of his middle and late 20s traveling to European capitals, educating himself in art, languages, and literature, and of course imbibing the latest developments in music.

But Mozart remained his first love, and as the century turned, Nielsen was already composing in the forms and the cadences of the Classical era — with a distinctly contemporary accent. Stravinsky’s stripped-down, parodic “neoclassicism” was still 20 years off, and Nielsen never had much to do with it.

If he was “neo” anything, it was neoBeethoven, and even that was more a matter of attitude than of actual themes and sounds. For the kind of profoundly meaningful, philosophical music Nielsen aspired to create, the symphony was a natural choice.

In 1916, Nielsen, the onetime country bumpkin and scholarship student, returned in triumph to the Copenhagen Conservatory as a governor, teacher, and examiner. (He would become its director in 1931.) By virtue of his energy, 12 | 2022/2023 SEASON

intelligence, warmth, and example as a composer, Nielsen was a natural leader.

Through public speaking, conducting his own works and those of others, and tirelessly serving on boards and committees, he revitalized and set high standards for music, not just in his immediate circle but across all of Scandinavia. Like Vaughan Williams, Nielsen composed hymn tunes that encouraged congregational singing in his country’s churches.

Vaughan Williams preserved folksongs and used them in some of his concert works; Nielsen, in an activity entirely separate from his Classical-inspired symphonies and chamber music, wrote and published dozens of new, easy-tosing settings of Danish verse, achieving nothing less than the reinvention of Danish folksong.

Nielsen was never attracted to the Romantic-Nationalist style, the musical pigeonhole from which Grieg and Sibelius struggled mightily to escape.

Rather, his Danishness — his ability to evoke the warm and friendly atmosphere of the country that is “the South” of Scandinavia — is at least as deeply sublimated in his symphonies as German folk music is in Beethoven’s.

But there was, at first, a certain youthful desire to explain what he was up to.

Although his Symphony No. 1 (1891–92) bears no title, Nielsen called his Symphony No. 2 (1901–02) “The Four Temperaments,” and explained in a program note that the work was inspired by a gaudy allegorical picture he saw on the wall of a Danish tavern.

IMAGE COURTESY OF WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

He pulled back to a more philosophical stance in the titles of Symphonies No. 3 (“Sinfonia espansiva,” 1910–11) and No. 4 (“The Inextinguishable,” 1915–16), hinting that his subjects were, respectively, the beneficial power of the life force and its ability to overcome the challenge of death.

Symphony No. 3 begins with a lengthy passage of loud, turbulent music for full orchestra, but in melodic terms Nielsen is a Classical minimalist à la Haydn or Beethoven, building his structures out of the smallest motivic building blocks.

“One must show the sated,” he once wrote, “that the melodic interval of a third should be considered a gift from clevelandorchestra.com

Carl Nielsen at work in his studio on Vodroffsvej street in Copenhagen. This is where he composed his Third Symphony “Sinfonia espansiva.”

God, the fourth an experience, and a fifth the supreme happiness.”

Nielsen’s Third Symphony is “expansive” in terms of showing how much can be accomplished with a few simple materials. It takes an expansive view of human nature, pure and simple, making its way between earth and heaven.

Nielsen combined his Northern personality with a modern quest for objectivity, and he saw the symphony as a rigorous medium. As befitted a disciple of Mozart, he sought out the clear and the colorful in his orchestrations.

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The most influential composer in Danish history, Carl Nielsen, pictured here in 1908, became director of the Royal Danish Academy of Music.

Nielsen’s hopeful yet unsentimental stance can be a tonic for our troubled new century. He shares with Bruckner not only peasant origins, but a mode of expression that is lucid and direct, sincere and selfless — something of a miracle in the ironic, self-indulgent age of Mahler and Strauss during which he wrote. If his music occasionally has a hard, unyielding feeling, it may be because of his desire to create an indestructible gem of expression. In 1890, when Nielsen was 25 years old, he wrote in his diary: “I’ve come to the conclusion that [Carl Maria von] Weber will be forgotten in a hundred years’ time. There is something jelly like about a lot of his music. It is a fact 14 | 2022/2023 SEASON

that he who brandishes the hardest fist will be remembered longest. Beethoven, Michelangelo, Bach, Berlioz, Rembrandt, Shakespeare, Goethe, Henrik Ibsen, and the like have all given their time a black eye.”

A century later, Weber is a resurgent star in concert halls, while this Northern symphonist, once lionized in his home country then neglected after his death, is finally standing before us as just himself, with his fist cocked.

Symphony No. 3 opens somewhat in the manner of another expansive third symphony, Beethoven’s “Eroica.” But here, instead of hammering on the movement’s home chord, Nielsen turns the repeated note A into a stuttering upbeat to a theme in D minor. The vigorous but wayward movement in 3/4 meter has been compared to waltz parodies composed around the same time, such as Ravel’s La Valse and Stravinsky’s Pétrouchka — but to call such swashbuckling music a waltz is a bit of a stretch.

The second movement, marked Andante pastorale, begins in an atmosphere as vague and static as the first movement was hard-edged and active.

But soon the “pastoral” arrives in the form of a pretty flute tune that intertwines with itself, then alternates with a fervent theme for strings. The movement eventually winds down to a coda on the chord of E-flat major, as peaceful as the symphony’s opening was furious, and as harmonically distant from those loud opening As as it is possible to get. In a

IMAGE COURTESY OF WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

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strikingly original touch, two wordless human voices are heard wheeling around ecstatically in the glow of E-flat.

We are awakened from this heavenly vision by a rather sarcastic little thirdmovement scherzo, which often seems to anticipate Shostakovich in its mechanical gestures and sneering wind sounds. Nielsen said he thought of the theme while riding a train and wrote it on his shirt cuff. Perhaps that is what he meant when he called this movement “the heartbeat of the symphony,” because it clicks along at a steady pace.

Ever the lover of contrasts, the composer follows his acidic scherzo with a fourth-movement Finale that opens in a hearty, friendly mood with a forthright theme in the tradition of Beethoven’s

Ninth or Brahms’s First. The movement’s hopping second theme is derived from this main theme, as are all the colorful episodes, so that the overall effect is of a free-form theme and variations. Even at the two points where the theme seems to return in full, Nielsen changes its shape a little and reharmonizes it to reflect what has gone before — and also where he’s taking us, which is a coda firmly in A major. Thus, the symphony ends as it began, on a loud unison A, but this time it’s an arrival, not a departure.

— David Wright David Wright is a contributor to New York Classical Review. He has written program notes for Lincoln Center, the New York Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Philadelphia Orchestra, and many other organizations.

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T H E CO N DUC TOR

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Alan Gilbert GRAMMY AWARD–WINNING conductor Alan Gilbert has been chief conductor of Hamburg’s NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra since fall 2019 and music director of the Royal Swedish Opera since spring 2021. Having served for more than a decade as principal guest conductor of NDR Symphony Orchestra (as the German ensemble was formerly known), he is now taking the ensemble to new artistic heights through adventurous programming, thought-provoking festivals, and regular online streaming. He also holds positions as principal guest conductor of the Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony and conductor laureate of the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra.

Previously, he served an eight-year tenure as music director of the New York Philharmonic. The first native New Yorker to hold the post, he succeeded not only in making “an indelible mark on the orchestra’s history and that of the city itself” (The New Yorker), but also in “building a legacy that matters and... helping to change the template for what an American orchestra can be” (The New York Times).

He has led productions at LA Opera, the Metropolitan Opera, Santa Fe Opera (where he served as the first appointed music director), and Zurich Opera.

In addition to these appointments, Mr. Gilbert maintains a major international presence, making guest appearances with orchestras including Amsterdam’s Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Berlin Philharmonic, Boston Symphony

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Orchestra, Dresden Staatskapelle, Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Orchestre de Paris, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, Philadelphia Orchestra, and The Cleveland Orchestra, where he was an assistant conductor from 1995 to 1997.

Highlights of his 2022–23 season include the inaugural edition of Elbphilharmonie Visions, a biennial 10-day celebration of 21st-century music that sees Mr. Gilbert and the NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra premiere a new commission from Lisa Streich and perform works

by Hans Abrahamsen, Brett Dean, and Anna Thorvaldsdóttir. The NDR season also features collaborations with Julia Bullock and Alisa Weilerstein. He leads three productions at the Royal Swedish Opera, opening with Katharina Jakhelln Semb’s staging of Strauss’s Ariadne auf Naxos, and conducts the Berlin Philharmonic with Joshua Bell at the orchestra’s 2023 Biennale.

THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA | 17

T H E A RTI STS Duff, Richard Weiner (both former principals of The Cleveland Orchestra), Saul Goodman, William Street, and Bill Cahn. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Case Western Reserve University and a Bachelor of Music degree from the Cleveland Institute of Music. Mr. Yancich has been co-chair of the percussion department at the Cleveland Institute of Music since 1981 and served as music director of the CIM Percussion Ensemble for 20 years.

His timpani and percussion students perform in more than 40 orchestras in the United States and abroad.

Paul Yancich was appointed The Cleveland Orchestra’s principal timpanist

by Lorin Maazel in 1981. He first appeared as soloist with the Orchestra in 1990, performing the world premiere of James Oliverio’s Timpani Concerto No. 1 (The Olympian). In 2011, he performed the world premiere of Oliverio’s DYNASTY Double Timpani Concerto with his brother, Mark Yancich, in Atlanta and Cleveland.

His most recent appearances as soloist with the Orchestra were in 2013, in Johann Carl Christian Fischer’s Symphony with Eight Obbligato Timpani. In 2018, he performed Philip Glass’s Concerto Fantasy for Two Timpanists at Carnegie Hall with the Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra.

A native of Rochester, New York, and a student of the Rochester public school system, Mr. Yancich is in the fourthgeneration of a family of professional musicians. His teachers include Cloyd 18 | 2022/2023 SEASON

Liv Redpath, soprano Liv Redpath is a leading soprano leggero on opera and concert stages across the globe. She opened her 2022–23 season singing the title role in the new

TOP, FAR LEFT: PHOTO BY ROGER MASTROIANNI | LEFT: IMAGE COURTESY OF LIV REDPATH

Paul Yancich, timpani

Simon Stone production of Lucia di Lammermoor at LA Opera led by Lina González-Granados. She will make debuts at Komische Oper Berlin as Ophélie in a new production of Hamlet; at the Glyndebourne Festival in the role of Tytania in Britten’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, with director Peter Hall and Dalia Stasevska conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra; and at La Monnaie/De Munt in Brussels, where she returns to the role of Sophie in Der Rosenkavalier.

Concert appearances include Handel’s Messiah with the National Symphony Orchestra under Fabio Biondi; Orff’s Carmina Burana with Utah Symphony led by Fawzi Haimor; Nielsen’s Hymnus Amoris and Symphony No. 3 with the Danish National Symphony Orchestra led by Fabio Luisi; and Beethoven’s Missa Solemnis at Aix-en-Provence, with Balthasar Neumann Ensemble and Choir conducted by Thomas Hengelbrock.

Ms. Redpath will also join the Orchestra of St. Luke’s to sing music of Fanny and Felix Mendelssohn with guest pianist David Fung.

also covering the lead role of Charles Blow in Terence Blanchard’s Fire Shut Up in My Bones. Other highlights include his debut at Washington National Opera as Thomas McKeller in the world premiere of American Apollo by Damien Geter and Lila Palmer; the starring role of George Armstrong in Lynn Nottage’s and Ricky Ian Gordon’s Intimate Apparel at Lincoln Center; and solo debuts at Carnegie Hall, the Glimmerglass Festival, and Strathmore Music Center. Mr. Austin is a graduate of the Choir Academy of Harlem, LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, Heidelberg Lied Akademie, and the Manhattan School of Music. He strongly believes in utilizing his artistry to benefit music programs and community services around the world, and works with various organizations to create and perform benefit concerts.

IMAGE COURTESY OF JUSTIN AUSTIN

Justin Austin, baritone Praised for his “mellifluous baritone” (The Wall Street Journal), Justin Austin performs a wide range of repertoire, from opera and oratorio to jazz, R&B, and musical theater. Last season, he made his house debut at the Metropolitan Opera as Marcellus in the company premiere of Brett Dean’s Hamlet, while clevelandorchestra.com

THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA | 19

I F YO U ’ R E LO O K I N G TO

create something magical.

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NOW IN ITS SECOND CENTURY ,

The Cleveland Orchestra, under the leadership of music director Franz WelserMöst since 2002, is one of the most sought-after performing ensembles in the world. Year after year, the ensemble exemplifies extraordinary artistic excellence, creative programming, and community engagement. The New York Times has called Cleveland “the best in America” for its virtuosity, elegance of sound, variety of color, and chamberlike musical cohesion.

Founded by Adella Prentiss Hughes, the Orchestra performed its inaugural concert in December 1918. By the middle of the century, decades of growth and sustained support had turned it into one of the most admired globally.

@ClevelandOrchestra

22 | 2022/2023 SEASON

@Cleveorch

The past decade has seen an increasing number of young people attending concerts, bringing fresh attention to The Cleveland Orchestra’s legendary sound and committed programming. More recently, the Orchestra launched several bold digital projects, including the streaming broadcast series In Focus, the podcast On a Personal Note, and its own recording label, a new chapter in the Orchestra’s long and distinguished recording and broadcast history. Together, they have captured the Orchestra’s unique artistry and the musical achievements of the Welser-Möst and Cleveland Orchestra partnership.

The 2022/23 season marks Franz Welser-Möst’s 21st year as music director, a period in which The Cleveland Orchestra earned unprecedented acclaim around the world, including a series of residencies at the Musikverein in Vienna, the first of its kind by an American orchestra, and a number of acclaimed opera presentations.

Since 1918, seven music directors — Nikolai Sokoloff, Artur Rodziński, Erich Leinsdorf, George Szell, Lorin Maazel, Christoph von Dohnányi, and Franz Welser-Möst — have guided and shaped the ensemble’s growth and sound.

Through concerts at home and on tour, broadcasts, and a catalog of acclaimed recordings, The Cleveland Orchestra is heard today by a growing group of fans around the world.

@CleveOrchestra

@clevelandorchestra

PHOTO BY ROGER MASTROIANNI

T H E CL EVEL A ND ORCHESTRA

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T H E CL EVEL A ND ORCHESTRA Franz Welser-Möst, MUSIC DIRECTOR Kelvin Smith Family Chair FIRST VIOLINS

Sonja Braaten Molloy

BASSES

David Radzynski

Carolyn Gadiel Warner

Maximilian Dimoff*

CONCERTMASTER

Elayna Duitman

Clarence T. Reinberger Chair

Blossom-Lee Chair

Peter Otto FIRST ASSOCIATE CONCERTMASTER

Ioana Missits Jeffrey Zehngut Sae Shiragami

Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Chair

Kathleen Collins

Jung-Min Amy Lee

Emma Shook

ASSOCIATE CONCERTMASTER

Gretchen D. and Ward Smith Chair

Jessica Lee ASSISTANT CONCERTMASTER

Clara G. and George P. Bickford Chair

Stephen Tavani ASSISTANT CONCERTMASTER

Wei-Fang Gu Drs. Paul M. and Renate H. Duchesneau Chair

Beth Woodside Dr. Jeanette Grasselli Brown and Dr. Glenn R. Brown Chair

Chaillé H. and Richard B. Tullis Chair

Lynne Ramsey

1

Charles M. and Janet G. Kimball Chair

Stanley Konopka2

Richard and Nancy Sneed Chair

Oswald and Phyllis Lerner Gilroy Chair

Yu Yuan Patty and John Collinson Chair

Scott Dixon

Trina Struble*

Wesley Collins*

Chul-In Park

Alicia Koelz

Charles Carleton

HARP

Lisa Boyko

Larry J.B. and Barbara S. Robinson Chair

Charles Barr Memorial Chair

VIOLAS

Jean Wall Bennett Chair

Jeanne Preucil Rose

Henry Peyrebrune

Charles Paul

Elizabeth and Leslie Kondorossy Chair

Theodore Rautenberg Chair

Thomas Sperl

Jiah Chung Chapdelaine

Mark Jackobs

Miho Hashizume

Mark Atherton

Yun-Ting Lee

Kim Gomez

Harriet T. and David L. Simon Chair

Derek Zadinsky2

Richard Waugh Lembi Veskimets The Morgan Sisters Chair

Eliesha Nelson Joanna Patterson Zakany William Bender Gareth Zehngut

CELLOS Mark Kosower* Louis D. Beaumont Chair

Alice Chalifoux Chair

FLUTES Joshua Smith* Elizabeth M. and William C. Treuhaft Chair

Saeran St. Christopher Jessica Sindell2 Austin B. and Ellen W. Chinn Chair

Mary Kay Fink

PICCOLO Mary Kay Fink Anne M. and M. Roger Clapp Chair

OBOES Frank Rosenwein* Edith S. Taplin Chair

Corbin Stair Sharon and Yoash Wiener Chair

Jeffrey Rathbun2 Everett D. and Eugenia S. McCurdy Chair

Isabel Trautwein

Richard Weiss1

Trevor and Jennie Jones Chair

The GAR Foundation Chair

Robert Walters

Charles Bernard2

Katherine Bormann

Helen Weil Ross Chair

ENGLISH HORN

Analisé Denise Kukelhan Gladys B. Goetz Chair

Zhan Shu

SECOND VIOLINS Stephen Rose* Alfred M. and Clara T. Rankin Chair

Eli Matthews

1

Patricia M. Kozerefski and Richard J. Bogomolny Chair

Bryan Dumm Muriel and Noah Butkin Chair

Robert Walters Samuel C. and Bernette K. Jaffe Chair

E-FLAT CLARINET Daniel McKelway Stanley L. and Eloise M. Morgan Chair

BASS CLARINET Amy Zoloto Myrna and James Spira Chair

BASSOONS John Clouser* Louise Harkness Ingalls Chair

Gareth Thomas Barrick Stees2

Tanya Ell

CLARINETS

Thomas J. and Judith Fay Gruber Chair

Afendi Yusuf* Robert Marcellus Chair

Jonathan Sherwin

Ralph Curry

Robert Woolfrey

CONTRABASSOON

Brian Thornton William P. Blair III Chair

Victoire G. and Alfred M. Rankin, Jr. Chair

David Alan Harrell

Daniel McKelway2

Martha Baldwin Dane Johansen Paul Kushious

24 | 2022/2023 SEASON

Robert R. and Vilma L. Kohn Chair

Amy Zoloto

Sandra L. Haslinger Chair

Jonathan Sherwin

HORNS Nathaniel Silberschlag* George Szell Memorial Chair

F RO M THE PRES IDENT & CEO

Michael Mayhew§ Knight Foundation Chair

Jesse McCormick Robert B. Benyo Chair

Hans Clebsch

Alexander and Marianna C. McAfee Chair

Shachar Israel2

Richard King

EUPHONIUM & BASS TRUMPET

TRUMPETS

Richard Stout

Michael Sachs*

TUBA

Robert and Eunice Podis Weiskopf Chair

Jack Sutte Lyle Steelman2

Yasuhito Sugiyama* Nathalie C. Spence and Nathalie S. Boswell Chair

KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS

CONDUCTORS

Carolyn Gadiel Warner

MUSIC DIRECTOR LAUREATE

Marjory and Marc L. Swartzbaugh Chair

LIBRARIANS Michael Ferraguto

Christoph von Dohnányi

Daniel Reith ASSISTANT CONDUCTOR

Joe and Marlene Toot Chair

Sidney and Doris Dworkin Chair

Donald Miller

Lisa Wong

ENDOWED CHAIRS CURRENTLY UNOCCUPIED

DIRECTOR OF CHORUSES

Frances P. and Chester C. Bolton Chair

James P. and Dolores D. Storer Chair

TIMPANI

Michael Miller

Paul Yancich*

Elizabeth Ring and William Gwinn Mather Chair

Otto G. and Corinne T. Voss Chair

Paul and Lucille Jones Chair

§

Associate Principal

1

First Assistant Principal

PERCUSSION

James and Donna Reid Chair

2

Assistant Principal

This roster lists full-time members of The Cleveland Orchestra. The number and seating of musicians onstage varies depending on the piece being performed. Seating within the string sections rotates on a periodic basis.

CORNETS Michael Sachs* Mary Elizabeth and G. Robert Klein Chair PHOTO BY ROGER MASTROIANNI

Richard Stout

Marc Damoulakis*

Michael Miller

Margaret Allen Ireland Chair

Mary E. and F. Joseph Callahan Chair

Donald Miller

Sunshine Chair

TROMBONES

Thomas Sherwood

Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Smucker Chair

Brian Wendel* Gilbert W. and Louise I. Humphrey Chair

clevelandorchestra.com

Rudolf Serkin Chair

* Principal

THE CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA | 25

CA L EN DA R

Don’t miss a moment

WINTER

FEB 16, 17, 18

JAN 5, 7

BEETHOVEN’S SEVENTH

Alan Gilbert, conductor Paul Yancich, timpani Liv Redpath, soprano Justin Austin, baritone

MOZART Piano Concerto No. 18 (“Paradis”) BEETHOVEN Symphony No. 7

NIELSEN AND HAYDN

OLIVERIO Legacy Ascendant HAYDN Symphony No. 90 NIELSEN Symphony No. 3 (“Sinfonia espansiva”)

JAN 12, 13, 14

WELSER-MÖST CONDUCTS SCHUBERT Franz Welser-Möst, conductor Joélle Harvey, soprano Daryl Freedman, mezzo-soprano Julian Prégardien, tenor Martin Mitterrutzner, tenor Dashon Burton, bass-baritone Cleveland Orchestra Chorus BERG Lyric Suite* SCHUBERT Symphony No. 8* (“Unfinished”) SCHUBERT Mass No. 6 * The movements of the Lyric Suite will be performed in rotation with Symphony No. 8.

FEB 2, 3, 4, 5

BOLÉRO

Herbert Blomstedt, conductor Emanuel Ax, piano

FEB 23, 24, 25

MOZART AND STRAUSS Franz Welser-Möst, conductor MOZART Divertimento No. 2* SCHOENBERG Variations for Orchestra STRAUSS Ein Heldenleben * not part of Friday Matinee concert

MAR 2, 3, 4, 5

PICTURES AT AN EXHIBITION Franz Welser-Möst, conductor Víkingur Ólafsson, piano FARRENC Symphony No. 3 RAVEL Piano Concerto in G major MUSSORGSKY/RAVEL Pictures at an Exhibition

MAR 9, 10, 11, 12

MOZART’S REQUIEM

FEB 9, 11

Franz Welser-Möst, conductor Christoph Sietzen, percussion Siobhan Stagg, soprano Avery Amereau, alto Ben Bliss, tenor Anthony Schneider, bass Cleveland Orchestra Chorus

Klaus Mäkelä, conductor

STAUD Concerto for Percussion MOZART Requiem

Klaus Mäkelä, conductor NORMAN Sustain DEBUSSY Images RAVEL Boléro

MAHLER’S FIFTH CHIN SPIRA—Concerto for Orchestra MAHLER Symphony No. 5

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of unforgettable music!

SPRING

MAR 30, 31, & APR 1

Thomas Adès, conductor Pekka Kuusisto, violin ADÈS The Tempest Symphony ADÈS Märchentänze SIBELIUS Six Humoresques* SIBELIUS Prelude and Suite No. 1 from The Tempest*

The place for fans of The Cleveland Orchestra!

APR 27, 28, 29

* Certain selections will not be part of the Friday Matinee concert

MARSALIS AND NEW WORLD

APR 6, 7, 8

Franz Welser-Möst, conductor Michael Sachs, trumpet

SHOSTAKOVICH’S FIFTH SYMPHONY Rafael Payare, conductor Jean-Yves Thibaudet, piano BERNSTEIN Symphony No. 2 (“The Age of Anxiety”) SHOSTAKOVICH Symphony No. 5

APR 13, 15, 16

MAHLER’S TITAN Michael Tilson Thomas, conductor Leif Ove Andsnes, piano DEBUSSY Jeux, poème dansé DEBUSSY Fantaisie for Piano and Orchestra MAHLER Symphony No. 1 (“Titan”)

APR 20, 21, 22, 23

ALL MOZART

Bernard Labadie, conductor Lucy Crowe, soprano MOZART Overture to La clemenza di Tito MOZART “Giunse al fin il momento... Al desio di chi t’adora” MOZART Ruhe Zanft from Zaide MOZART Masonic Funeral Music MOZART “Venga la morte...

Non temer, amato bene” MOZART Symphony No. 41 (“Jupiter”)

TCO

REWARDS

INSPIRATION: THE TEMPEST

MARTINŮ Symphony No. 2 MARSALIS Trumpet Concerto DVOŘÁK Symphony No. 9 (“From the New World”)

MAY 4, 6

WEILERSTEIN PLAYS BARBER Franz Welser-Möst, conductor Alisa Weilerstein, cello LOGGINS-HULL Can You See? BARBER Cello Concerto PROKOFIEV Symphony No. 4

MAY 14, 17, 20

THE GIRL OF THE GOLDEN WEST Franz Welser-Möst, conductor Tamara Wilson, soprano (Minnie) Eric Owens, bass (Jack Rance) Limmie Pulliam, tenor (Dick Johnson) Cleveland Orchestra Chorus PUCCINI La Fanciulla del West (The Girl of the Golden West) * Opera presentation, sung in Italian with projected supertitles

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YO UR VI SI T HEALTH & SAFETY The Cleveland Orchestra is committed to creating a comfortable, enjoyable, and safe environment for all guests at Severance Music Center. While mask and COVID-19 vaccination are recommended they are not required. Protocols are reviewed regularly with the assistance of our Cleveland Clinic partners; for up-to-date information, visit: clevelandorchestra. com/attend/health-safety

LATE SEATING As a courtesy to the audience members and musicians in the hall, late-arriving patrons are asked to wait quietly until the first convenient break in the program. These seating breaks are at the discretion of the House Manager in consultation with the performing artists.

PAGERS, CELL PHONES & WRISTWATCH ALARMS

IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY

As a courtesy to others, please silence all devices prior to the start of the concert.

Contact an usher or a member of house staff if you require medical assistance. Emergency exits are clearly marked throughout the building. Ushers and house staff will provide instructions in the event of an emergency.

PHOTOGRAPHY, VIDEOGRAPHY & RECORDING Audio recording, photography, and videography are prohibited during performances at Severance.

Photographs can only be taken when the performance is not in progress.

HEARING AIDS & OTHER HEALTH-ASSISTIVE DEVICES For the comfort of those around you, please reduce the volume on hearing aids and other devices that may produce a noise that would detract from the program. For Infrared Assistive-Listening Devices, please see the House Manager or Head Usher for more details.

FREE MOBILE APP

TICKET WALLET Download today for instant, secure and paperless access to your concert tickets.

For more information and direct links to download, visit clevelandorchestra.com/ticketwallet or scan the code with your smartphone camera to download the app for iPhone or Android.

Available for iOS and Android on Google Play and at the Apple App Store.

AGE RESTRICTIONS Regardless of age, each person must have a ticket and be able to sit quietly in a seat throughout the performance. Classical season subscription concerts are not recommended for children under the age of 8. However, there are several age-appropriate series designed specifically for children and youth, including Music Explorers (for 3 to 6 years old) and Family Concerts (for ages 7 and older).

The Cleveland Orchestra is grateful to the following organizations for their ongoing generous support of The Cleveland Orchestra: the State of Ohio and Ohio Arts Council and to the residents of Cuyahoga County through Cuyahoga Arts and Culture.

The Cleveland Orchestra is proud of its long-term partnership with Kent State University, made possible in part through generous funding from the State of Ohio.

The Cleveland Orchestra is proud to have its home, Severance Music Center, located on the campus of Case Western Reserve University, with whom it has a long history of collaboration and partnership.

© 2022 The Cleveland Orchestra and the Musical Arts Association Program books for Cleveland Orchestra concerts are produced by The Cleveland Orchestra and are distributed free to attending audience members.

EDITOR

Cleveland Orchestra performances are broadcast as part of regular programming on ideastream/WCLV Classical 90.3 FM, Saturdays at 8 p.m. and Sundays at 4 p.m.

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28 | 2022/2023 SEASON

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Beyond impressive.

IMPRESSIONISM to MODERNISM

the Keithley Collection

See this extraordinary collection of more than 100 masterworks—the largest gift of art to the museum in more than 60 years—together for the first and only time.

Hurry, closes Jan 8 | Tickets at cma.org | CMA Members FREE The Cleveland Museum of Art is funded in part by residents of Cuyahoga County through a public grant from Cuyahoga Arts & Culture.

This exhibition was supported in part by the Ohio Arts Council, which receives support from the State of Ohio and the National Endowment for the Arts.

Henri-Edmond Cross (French, 1856–1910). The Pink Cloud, c. 1896. Oil on canvas; 54.6 x 61 cm.

Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.106

Rainey Institute El Sistema Orchestra

A SYMPHONY OF

Success

We believe that all Cleveland youth should have access to high-quality arts education.

Through the generosity of our donors, we are investing to scale up neighborhoodbased programs that now serve 3,000 youth year-round in music, dance, theater, photography, literary arts and curatorial mastery. That’s a symphony of success.

Find your passion, and partner with the Cleveland Foundation to make your greatest charitable impact.

(877) 554-5054 www.ClevelandFoundation.org