1.5
Appositives
OBJECTIVES • To identify appositives in sentences • To distinguish between restrictive and nonrestrictive appositives
DAILY MAINTENANCE Assign Practice Book page 2, Section 1.5. After students finish, 1. Give immediate feedback. 2. Review concepts as needed. 3. Model the correct answer. Pages 4–5 of the Answer Key contain tips for Daily Maintenance.
WARM-UP To help define and appositive, invite one student to choose another student and walk to his or her desk. Have both students stand. Tell the pair that you will ask a question. (Questions may include saying two sentences, one sentence with an appositive and one sentence without and appositive, and asking how the sentences differ.) Explain that the first student to answer the question correctly wins the round and chooses the next player. The other student sits down. Repeat the sequence. Explain that the last student standing is the winner.
Review noun usages and ask students to identify subjects, subject complements, and objects of prepositions in the example sentences. Write on the board additional examples of restrictive and nonrestrictive appositives. Ask volunteers to draw lines from the appositives to the nouns they explain.
PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 Work on the first two sentences as a class, identifying the appositives and the nouns they explain. Have students complete the exercise by
1.5
Appositives
In the sentence below, the noun Louis Armstrong is an appositive that explains the noun musician. It is not set off by commas because it is restrictive. The restrictive appositive is necessary in order to know which musician is meant. The phrase a jazz band is an appositive phrase that explains the noun Hot Fives. The appositive phrase is set off by a comma because it is nonrestrictive. The nonrestrictive appositive is not necessary in order to understand the sentence; it just gives extra information. The famous musician Louis Armstrong was the leader of the Hot Fives, a jazz band.
An appositive that follows a common noun can be restrictive or nonrestrictive, depending on the circumstances. An appositive that directly follows a proper noun is almost always nonrestrictive. In the first example below, the appositive David is nonrestrictive because Carl has only one brother. In the second example, the appositive Miguel is restrictive because it is necessary in order to know which of Maria’s brothers is meant. Carl’s brother, David, is a good trumpet player. (Carl has one brother whose name is David.) Maria’s brother Miguel is an excellent violinist. (Maria has three brothers—Julio, Miguel, and Roberto.)
TEACH
10 • Section 1.5
EXERCISE 2 Have volunteers describe the difference between a restrictive appositive and a nonrestrictive appositive. Write the first two sentences on the board. Invite volunteers to point out the appositives, identify them as restrictive or nonrestrictive, and add commas if needed.
An appositive is a word that follows a noun and helps identify it or adds more information about it. An appositive names the same person, place, thing, or idea as the noun it explains. An appositive phrase is an appositive and its modifiers.
Read from a piece of writing that the class is currently reading. Emphasize the appositives.
Have volunteers read aloud the explanation of appositives and appositive phrases. Pause between paragraphs to discuss the information. To highlight the relationship between appositives and the nouns they explain, write equations on the board to illustrate the example sentence (musician = Louis Armstrong and Hot Fives = band).
making two columns on a sheet of paper and writing the appositive in one column and its corresponding noun in the other.
EXERCISE 1 Identify the appositive in each sentence. Tell which noun it explains.
1. Jazz, an American invention, is a popular type of music today. 2. One important quality of jazz is improvisation, the creation of new music on the spot.
3. 4. 5. 6.
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Section 1.5
Syncopation, changes in regular musical patterns, is an important quality. Often jazz is performed by a combo, a small group of musicians. The trumpet, a brass instrument, is associated with jazz. Saxophones and clarinets, the traditional reed instruments of jazz, help give the music its particular quality.