LPO programme: 30 Sep 2023 - Tchaikovsky’s Fourth (Edward Gardner/Christian Tetzlaff)

2023/24 concert season at the Southbank Centre

Free concert programme

Principal Conductor Edward Gardner supported by Aud Jebsen Principal Guest Conductor Karina Canellakis Conductor Emeritus Vladimir Jurowski Patron HRH The Duke of Kent KG Artistic Director Elena Dubinets Chief Executive David Burke Leader Pieter Schoeman supported by Neil Westreich

Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall Saturday 30 September 2023 | 7.30pm

Tchaikovsky’s Fourth Beethoven Overture, Egmont (8’) Bartók Violin Concerto No. 2 (36’) Interval (20’)

Contents 2

Welcome LPO news 3 On stage tonight 4 London Philharmonic Orchestra 5 Leader: Pieter Schoeman 6 Edward Gardner 7 Christian Tetzlaff 8 Programme notes 12 Recommended recordings 13 Next concerts 14 On the LPO Label 17 Sound Futures donors 18 Thank you 20 LPO administration

Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4 in F minor, Op. 36 (44’)

Edward Gardner conductor

Generously supported by Aud Jebsen

Christian Tetzlaff violin

The timings shown are not precise and are given only as a guide.

Concert presented by the London Philharmonic Orchestra

This concert is being recorded

by BBC Radio 3 for broadcast on Wednesday 4 October at 7.30pm.

It will remain available for 30 days on BBC Sounds.

London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Welcome

LPO news Apple Music Classical

Welcome to the Southbank Centre

We are excited to announce a new LPO partnership with Apple Music Classical, the new streaming app designed specifically for classical music.

We’re the largest arts centre in the UK and one of the nation’s top visitor attractions, showcasing the world’s most exciting artists at our venues in the heart of London. We’re here to present great cultural experiences that bring people together, and open up the arts to everyone.

All 120+ LPO Label recordings are available on the app, along with over 5 million other tracks, making it the world’s largest classical music catalogue. Thousands of recordings – including selected LPO Label releases – are available in immersive Spatial Audio featuring Dolby Atmos, and we will be working with Apple Music Classical to bring listeners exclusive LPO content and recordings.

The Southbank Centre is made up of the Royal Festival Hall, Queen Elizabeth Hall, Purcell Room, Hayward Gallery, National Poetry Library and Arts Council Collection. We’re one of London’s favourite meeting spots, with lots of free events and places to relax, eat and shop next to the Thames.

The first release as part of of the partnership is Berlioz’s The Damnation of Faust with Edward Gardner, recorded live at the Royal Festival Hall on 4 February 2023 (see page 15). It will be available to stream exclusively on Apple Music Classical for three months from 3 November 2023, and then will be released on all other streaming platforms and on physical disc on 3 February 2024.

We hope you enjoy your visit. If you need any information or help, please ask a member of staff.

You can also write to us at Southbank Centre, Belvedere Road, London SE1 8XX, or email hello@southbankcentre.co.uk Subscribers to our email updates are the first to hear about new events, offers and competitions.

Just head to our website to sign up.

Find Apple Music Classical in the App Store or the Google Play Store.

Drinks

Just released: Elgar – The Legacy

You are welcome to bring drinks from the venue’s bars and cafés into the Royal Festival Hall to enjoy during tonight’s concert. Please be considerate to fellow audience members by keeping noise during the concert to a minimum, and please take your glasses with you for recycling afterwards.

Thank you.

In February 1933, just four months after the LPO was founded, Edward Elgar had already begun making his own recordings with the new Orchestra. Over the summer we launched a new series of digital recordings celebrating the legacy of Elgar as a composer and conductor.

Enjoyed tonight’s concert?

Volume 1 is out now on all streaming services, with three further volumes to follow. Each release includes a digital booklet with insightful notes by Andrew Neill, former Chairman of the Elgar Society, offering a compelling narrative of Elgar’s creative vision and the historical and technological context of the recordings.

Help us to share the wonder of the LPO by making a donation today. Use the QR code to donate via the LPO website, or visit lpo.org.uk/donate. Thank you.

lpo.org.uk/recordings

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

On stage tonight First Violins

Pieter Schoeman* Leader Chair supported by Neil Westreich

Alice Ivy-Pemberton Co-Leader

Vesselin Gellev Sub-Leader Kate Oswin

Chair supported by Eric Tomsett

Lasma Taimina

Chair supported by Irina Gofman & Mr Rodrik V. G. Cave

Minn Majoe Thomas Eisner Cassandra Hamilton Yang Zhang Martin Höhmann Katalin Varnagy

Chair supported by Sonja Drexler

Elizaveta Tyun Nilufar Alimaksumova Sophie Phillips Rasa Zukauskaite Ronald Long

Second Violins

Tania Mazzetti Principal Emma Oldfield Co-Principal Molly Cockburn Kate Birchall Nancy Elan Fiona Higham Chair supported by David & Yi Buckley

Joseph Maher Marie-Anne Mairesse Sioni Williams Ricky Gore Lyrit Milgram Sheila Law Nynke Hijlkema Charlie MacClure

Violas

Oboes

Caroline Harrison

Rainer Gibbons

Guest Principal

Guest Principal

Martin Wray Katharine Leek Lucia Ortiz Sauco Benedetto Pollani Michelle Bruil Alistair Scahill James Heron Kate De Campos Raquel López Bolívar Laura Vallejo Julia Doukakis

Alice Munday

Cellos

Chair supported by Roger Greenwood

Chair supported by Bianca & Stuart Roden

Bass Clarinet

Cor Anglais

Sue Böhling* Principal

Chair supported by Dr Barry Grimaldi

Clarinets

Benjamin Mellefont Principal

Thomas Watmough

Kristina Blaumane Principal Waynne Kwon Francis Bucknall David Lale Sue Sutherley Helen Thomas George Hoult Sibylle Hentschel Gregory Walmsley Hee Yeon Cho

Paul Richards* Principal

Bassoons

Jonathan Davies Principal Chair supported by Sir Simon Robey

Double Basses Co-Principal

Lyndon Meredith Principal

Timpani

Simon Carrington* Principal

Chair supported by Victoria Robey OBE

Percussion

Andrew Barclay* Principal Chair supported by Gill & Garf Collins

Karen Hutt

Chair supported by Mr B C Fairhall

Oliver Butterworth

Harp

Rachel Masters Principal

Celeste

Catherine Edwards

Hunter Gordon Simon Estell*

Assistant Conductor

Contrabassoon

*Holds a professorship at a London conservatoire

Simon Estell* Principal

Kevin Rundell* Principal Sebastian Pennar

Bass Trombone

Charlotte Politi

Horns

George Peniston Laura Murphy Lowri Morgan Adam Wynter Elen Roberts Thea Sayer

John Ryan* Principal Martin Hobbs Mark Vines Co-Principal Gareth Mollison Andrew Budden

Trumpets

Flutes

Paul Beniston* Principal Tom Nielsen Co-Principal Anne McAneney*

Juliette Bausor Principal Fiona Kelly Guest Principal Stewart McIlwham*

Trombones

Piccolo

Mark Templeton* Principal

Stewart McIlwham*

Chair supported by William & Alex de Winton

Principal

David Whitehouse

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The LPO also acknowledges the following chair supporters whose players are not present at this concert: Friends of the Orchestra Caroline, Jamie & Zander Sharp

London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

© Benjamin Ealovega

London Philharmonic Orchestra

Our conductors

Uniquely groundbreaking and exhilarating to watch and hear, the London Philharmonic Orchestra has been celebrated as one of the world’s great orchestras since Sir Thomas Beecham founded it in 1932. With every performance we aim to bring wonder to the modern world and cement our position as a leading orchestra for the 21st century.

Our Principal Conductors have included some of the greatest historic names like Sir Adrian Boult, Bernard Haitink, Sir Georg Solti, Klaus Tennstedt and Kurt Masur.

In 2021 Edward Gardner became our 13th Principal Conductor, taking the Orchestra into its tenth decade.

Vladimir Jurowski became Conductor Emeritus in recognition of his impact as Principal Conductor from 2007–21. Karina Canellakis is our current Principal Guest Conductor and Tania León our Composer-in-Residence.

Our home is here at the Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall, where we’re at the beating heart of London’s cultural life. You’ll also find us at our resident venues in Brighton, Eastbourne and Saffron Walden, and on tour throughout the UK and internationally, performing to sell-out audiences worldwide. Each summer we’re resident at Glyndebourne Festival Opera, combining the magic of opera with Glyndebourne’s glorious setting in the Sussex countryside.

Soundtrack to key moments Everyone will have heard the London Philharmonic Orchestra, whether it’s playing the world’s National Anthems at every medal ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics, our iconic recording with Pavarotti that made Nessun Dorma a global football anthem, or closing the flotilla at The Queen’s Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant. And you’ll almost certainly have heard us on the soundtracks for major films including The Lord of the Rings.

Sharing the wonder You’ll find us online, on streaming platforms, on social media and through our broadcast partnership with Marquee TV. During the pandemic period we launched ‘LPOnline’: over 100 videos of performances, insights and introductions to playlists, which led to us being named runner-up in the Digital Classical Music Awards 2020.

During 2023/24 we’re once again be working with Marquee TV to broadcast selected live concerts, so you can share or relive the wonder from your own living room.

We also release live, studio and archive recordings on our own label, and are the world’s most-streamed orchestra, with over 15 million plays of our content each month.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Pieter Schoeman Leader

There’s nothing we love more than seeing the joy of children and families enjoying their first musical moments, and we’re passionate about equipping schools and teachers through schools’ concerts, resources and training. Reflecting our values of collaboration and inclusivity, our OrchLab and Open Sound Ensemble projects offer music-making opportunities for adults and young people with special educational needs and disabilities.

Our LPO Junior Artists programme is leading the way in creating pathways into the profession for young artists from under-represented communities, and our LPO Young Composers and Foyle Future Firsts schemes support the next generation of professional musicians, bridging the transition from education to professional careers. We also recently launched the LPO Conducting Fellowship, supporting the development of outstanding early-career conductors from backgrounds currently under-represented in the profession.

© Benjamin Ealovega

Next generations

Pieter Schoeman was appointed Leader of the London Philharmonic Orchestra in 2008, having previously been Co-Leader since 2002. He is also a Professor of Violin at Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music & Dance.

Looking forward

Pieter has performed worldwide as a soloist and recitalist in such famous halls as the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, Moscow’s Rachmaninov Hall, Capella Hall in St Petersburg, Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles and the Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall. As a chamber musician he regularly appears at London’s prestigious Wigmore Hall. His chamber music partners have included Anne-Sophie Mutter, Veronika Eberle, Patricia Kopatchinskaja, Boris Garlitsky, Jean-Guihen Queyras, Yannick Nézet-Séguin, Martin Helmchen and Julia Fischer.

The centrepiece of our 2023/24 season is our spring 2024 festival The Music in You. Reflecting our adventurous spirit, the festival embraces all kinds of expression – dance, music theatre, and audience participation. We’ll collaborate with artists from across the creative spectrum, and give premieres by composers including Tania León, Julian Joseph, Daniel Kidane, Victoria Vita Polevá, Luís Tinoco and John Williams.

Rising stars making their debuts with us in 2023/24 include conductors Tianyi Lu, Oksana Lyniv, Jonathon Heyward and Natalia Ponomarchuk, accordionist João Barradas and organist Anna Lapwood. We also present the long-awaited conclusion of Conductor Emeritus Vladimir Jurowski’s Wagner Ring Cycle, Götterdämmerung, and, as well as our titled conductors Edward Gardner and Karina Canellakis, we welcome back classical stars including Anne-Sophie Mutter, Robin Ticciati, Christian Tetzlaff and Danielle de Niese.

Pieter has performed numerous times as a soloist with the London Philharmonic Orchestra. Highlights have included an appearance as both conductor and soloist in Vivaldi’s Four Seasons at the Royal Festival Hall, the Brahms Double Concerto with Kristina Blaumane, and the Britten Double Concerto with Alexander Zemtsov, which was recorded and released on the LPO Label to great critical acclaim.

Pieter has appeared as Guest Leader with the BBC, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Lyon and Baltimore symphony orchestras; the Rotterdam and BBC Philharmonic orchestras; and the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.

lpo.org.uk

Pieter’s chair in the LPO is generously supported by Neil Westreich.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Edward Gardner Principal Conductor, London Philharmonic Orchestra

© Photographer London

In demand as a guest conductor, recent seasons have seen Edward make debuts with the Cleveland Symphony, Staatskapelle Berlin, Bavarian Radio Symphony, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia, San Francisco Symphony, Berlin Radio Symphony and Vienna Symphony orchestras; while returns have included engagements with the Chicago Symphony, Montreal Symphony and Philharmonia orchestras, the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, and the Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano. He also continued his longstanding collaboration with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, where he was Principal Guest Conductor from 2010–16, and with the BBC Symphony Orchestra, whom he has conducted at both the First and Last Nights of the BBC Proms.

Music Director of English National Opera for eight years (2007–15), Edward has also built a strong relationship with New York’s Metropolitan Opera, where he has conducted productions of The Damnation of Faust, Carmen, Don Giovanni, Der Rosenkavalier and Werther.

In London he made his Royal Opera House debut in 2019 in a new production of Káťa Kabanová, followed by Werther a season later. Elsewhere, he has conducted at the Bavarian State Opera, La Scala, Chicago Lyric Opera, Glyndebourne Festival Opera and Opéra National de Paris, and this season he will conduct a double-bill of Bartók’s Bluebeard’s Castle and Poulenc's La voix humaine at Teatro di San Carlo.

Edward Gardner has been Principal Conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra since September 2021.

He is also Chief Conductor of the Bergen Philharmonic, a position he will relinquish at the end of the 2023/24 season. From August 2024 he will undertake the Music Directorship of the Norwegian Opera and Ballet, having been their Artistic Advisor since February 2022.

During the 2023/24 season Edward will conduct the LPO in ten concerts at the Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall, and tour with the Orchestra to South Korea, Taiwan, and major European cities including Paris, Munich, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Bruges. As part of the LPO's cross-arts festival ‘The Music in You’ in spring 2024, Edward will conduct concerts including Haydn’s The Creation; a reinvention of Szymanowski’s ballet Harnasie in collaboration with choreographer Wayne McGregor; Weill’s Seven Deadly Sins; and Mozart’s Mass in C minor. Other highlights with the Orchestra this season include Holst’s The Planets and Stravinsky’s Petrushka.

A passionate supporter of young talent, Edward founded the Hallé Youth Orchestra in 2002 and regularly conducts the National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain.

He has a close relationship with The Juilliard School of Music and with the Royal Academy of Music, which appointed him its inaugural Sir Charles Mackerras Conducting Chair in 2014.

Born in Gloucester in 1974, Edward was educated at Cambridge and the Royal Academy of Music. He went on to become Assistant Conductor of the Hallé and Music Director of Glyndebourne Touring Opera.

His many accolades include being named Royal Philharmonic Society Award Conductor of the Year (2008), an Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in Opera (2009), and an OBE for Services to Music in The Queen’s Birthday Honours (2012).

Edward opened the Bergen Philharmonic season earlier this month with Mahler’s Symphony No. 1. He completes his tenure as Chief Conductor at the closing of next summer's Bergen International Festival, conducting Mahler’s Symphony No. 8. The orchestra will be joined by several choirs, including the Edvard Grieg Kor, of which Edward is the Principal Conductor.

As Artistic Advisor of the Norwegian National Opera and Ballet, this season Edward will conduct a triple-bill of Schumann’s Frauen-Liebe und Leben, Bartók’s Bluebeard’s Castle and Zemlinsky’s A Florentine Tragedy. Future plans with the company include a Wagner Ring Cycle commencing in spring 2026.

Edward Gardner’s position at the LPO is generously supported by Aud Jebsen.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Christian Tetzlaff violin

Christian Tetzlaff is regularly invited as an Artist-inResidence to present his musical views over a longer period of time, including with the Berlin Philharmonic, Seoul Philharmonic and Dresden Philharmonic. In the 2021/22 season he was given this honour at London’s Wigmore Hall, and in 2022/23 he was a Portrait Artist at the London Symphony Orchestra.

© Giorgia Bertazzi

Over the course of his career, Christian Tetzlaff has made guest appearances with all the great orchestras, including the Vienna Philharmonic, New York Philharmonic, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam, and all the London orchestras. He has worked with legendary conductors such as Sergiu Celibidache, Bernard Haitink, Lorin Maazel, Kurt Masur and Christoph von Dohnányi. Close artistic ties have also been forged with Edward Gardner, Karina Canellakis, Vladimir Jurowski, Daniel Harding, Paavo Järvi, Andris Nelsons, Simon Rattle, François-Xavier Roth, Robin Ticciati, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Michael Tilson Thomas, Barbara Hannigan, Ingo Metzmacher and Kent Nagano.

Christian Tetzlaff is one of the most sought-after violinists and most exciting musicians on the classical music scene. His concerts often become an existential experience for the interpreter and audience alike, familiar works suddenly appearing in a completely new light. In addition, he frequently turns his attention to forgotten masterpieces such as Joachim’s Violin Concerto and the Violin Concerto No. 22 by Giovanni Battista Viotti, a contemporary of Mozart and Beethoven. To broaden his repertoire, he also commits himself to substantial new works, such as Jörg Widmann​’s Violin Concerto, which he premiered in 2013.

He cultivates an unusually extensive repertoire and performs approximately 100 concerts every year.

In 1994 Christian founded his own string quartet with his sister, the cellist Tanja Tetzlaff, and to this day chamber music remains close to his heart. This season he appears in recital with pianist Kirill Gerstein in New York, Washington and Boston, and with the Tetzlaff Quartet at Berlin’s Boulez Hall, the Muziekgebouw Amsterdam, Vienna’s Musikverein and BOZAR in Brussels. The Quartet was awarded a Diapason d’Or in 2015, and Christian’s trio with Tanja Tetzlaff and pianist Lars Vogt was nominated for a GRAMMY award in 2016.

The trio’s last recording, of works by Schubert was only released after Lars Vogt’s untimely passing, and was awarded the OPUS Klassik for best chamber music recording in 2023.

Christian is a regular guest of the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and next week will tour with the Orchestra and Edward Gardner to South Korea, performing Brahms’s Violin Concerto in Seoul and Bucheon.

In February 2024 he will again join the LPO on tour in Athens, Essen and Vienna, performing Shostakovich’s Violin Concerto No. 1 under Karina Canellakis.

Christian Tetzlaff has also received numerous prizes for his solo recordings, including the Jahrespreis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik and the Diapason d’Or in 2018. Of special significance is his 2017 solo recording of Bach’s Sonatas and Partitas, which The Strad praised as ‘an attentive and lively answer to the beauty of Bach’s solos’. The Ondine label released a recording of the Beethoven and Sibelius concertos in 2019, followed by Brahms and Berg in 2022 – both with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin under Robin Ticciati.

Other highlights of Christian’s 2023/24 season include performances with the Norwegian Radio Orchestra, Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, Orchestre de Chambre de Paris and Orchestre National de France.

With the Philharmonia Orchestra he gives performances in Grafenegg and at Hamburg’s Elbphilharmonie, and with the BBC Symphony Orchestra he appears at the BBC Proms. He also returns to the Chamber Orchestra of Europe, and records Thomas Adès’s Violin Concerto with the BBC Philharmonic. In the US, he returns to the Cincinnati Symphony and Los Angeles Chamber orchestras.

Christian Tetzlaff plays a violin by Peter Greiner and teaches regularly at the Kronberg Academy. He lives in Berlin with his wife – the photographer Giorgia Bertazzi – and three children.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Programme notes Ludwig van Beethoven 1770–1827

Overture, Egmont 1810

Goethe’s play Egmont concerns the life of the 16th-century Dutch warrior Lamoral, Count of Egmont, and his fight against the Spanish Duke of Alba. Egmont’s unstinting belief in freedom and justice led him to ultimate sacrifice, but it also ensured his position within the mythology of the Dutch nation. The quintessence of the proto-Romantic Sturm und Drang movement, Goethe’s historical drama first appeared in 1788, just as the young Beethoven was coming of age. And it was to Beethoven that the Burgtheater in Vienna turned in 1809, when its director asked the composer to provide incidental music for its new production. Although no fee was offered, Beethoven accepted, due to his ‘love of the poet’.

Courtesy of the Royal College of Music, London

His Overture offers a brilliant snapshot of the drama as a whole, as well as demonstrating the depth of Egmont’s psychological struggle. The initial use of the sarabande, a triple-time dance from the Iberian peninsula, hints at the roots of Egmont’s adversary.

Its insistent rhythms then continue in an Allegro section, with the cellos outlining a darkly plunging theme, which combines with a much terser, four-note violin motif.

The latter sounds not unlike the recurrent tattoo in Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony, which had just received its premiere. Indeed, the Overture can also be seen as a sort of precis of that symphonic drama, as darkness is finally overcome and the music ends with a blaze of major-key glory.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Programme notes Béla Bartók 1881–1945

Violin Concerto No. 2 1939

Christian Tetzlaff violin

1 Allegro non troppo 2 Andante tranquillo 3 Allegro molto

Courtesy of the Royal College of Music, London

The Concerto is characterised by a great sense of scale and swagger. Delivering all the outward show of a concerto, it is also ingenious in its structure, with the outer movements mirroring each other, while bookending a further variation scheme within the Andante. This was something of a compromise, given that Székely had wanted a traditional concerto, while Bartók wished to write a one-movement theme and variations. In the end, he did both: ‘I managed to outwit you’, Bartók joked to his friend, ‘I wrote variations after all.’

In fact, the whole composition is a meeting of worlds and ideas. The opening, for instance, melds the folk traditions of Transylvania and something more akin to the generous lyricism of the Romantic concerto. It also bridges a diatonic soundworld, rooted in the modally inflected home key of B major, and an evolving interest in 12-tone composition, with a central kernel constantly varied over the course of the Allegro. Bartók even drew a direct comparison to the work of his Viennese contemporaries, telling the young Yehudi Menuhin that he ‘wanted to show Schoenberg that one can use all 12 tones and still remain tonal’.

When the Hungarian violinist Zoltán Székely, the Concertgebouw Orchestra and conductor Willem Mengelberg gave the premiere of a new work by Béla Bartók on 23 March 1939, it was simply billed as his ‘Violin Concerto’. It had no predecessor, at least as far as the composer was concerned, as Bartók had excluded his ‘First’ Violin Concerto from the catalogue.

Composed in 1907–08, this earlier work had been a highly personal creation, dedicated to Stefi Geyer, the thwarted object of Bartók’s affection. It was therefore remarkable that he returned to the genre at all.

Yet despite any personal and musical apprehensions, to say nothing of the troubling political climate in Europe in the late 1930s, Bartók achieved dazzling results.

If the constant return of the pulsing harp and the almost whimsical theme help allay some of the tensions in that first movement, it is only really in the Andante that the freneticism abates. Tender and pacifying at first, the theme evolves in sections that prove both skeletal and serene, with the harp reappearing in otherworldly garb,

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Programme notes as well as giving a hint of the more feral joys of the Finale.

conclusion, the music adopts an optimism that was soon to prove elusive. By March 1939 and the work’s premiere, Bartók’s intention to find a home far from war-directed Europe was far advanced. When the composer’s mother died in Budapest that December, he was finally free to leave, though it meant that Bartók did not hear his Violin Concerto in concert until 1943, on the other side of the Atlantic.

Here, Bartók may return to the discursive material and structural outline of the first movement, though this is no simple repeat. Instead, he turns the occasionally introspective nature of that initial Allegro into something much more extrovert. But despite all its virtuosity and resolute delivery, to say nothing of the dance’s unbridled

Interval – 20 minutes An announcement will be made five minutes before the end of the interval.

More star violinists this season

29 Nov 2023: Pieter Schoeman plays Florence Price’s Violin Concerto No. 2 13 Jan 2024: Anne-Sophie Mutter plays John Williams’s Violin Concerto No. 2 (UK premiere) 23 Feb 2024: Frank Peter Zimmermann plays Elgar’s Violin Concerto 16 Mar 2024: Julia Fischer plays Daniel Kidane’s Violin Concerto (world premiere) 22 Mar 2024: Randall Goosby plays Mozart’s Violin Concerto No. 3 6 Apr 2024: Leila Josefowicz plays Stravinsky’s Violin Concerto

lpo.org.uk 10

London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Programme notes Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 1840–93

Symphony No. 4 in F minor, Op. 36 1877–88

1 Andante sostenuto — Moderato con anima 2 Andantino in modo di canzona 3 Scherzo: Pizzicato ostinato — Allegro 4 Finale: Allegro con fuoco Tchaikovsky began work on his fourth of seven symphonies (including the Manfred) in May 1877, shortly before his disastrous marriage to Antonina Milyukova.

He had written to his brother Modest, who was also gay, about his impulse to marry the previous year: I am now going through a very critical period of my life. I will go into more detail later, but for now I will simply tell you, I have decided to get married. It is unavoidable. I must do it, not just for myself but for you, Modest, and all those I love. I think that for both of us our dispositions are the greatest and most insuperable obstacle to happiness, and we must fight our natures to the best of our ability.

So far as I am concerned, I will do my utmost to get married this year, and if I lack the necessary courage, I will at any rate abandon my habits forever.

Courtesy of the Royal College of Music, London

As Tchaikovsky’s fame grew, the balance between his public and private life became ever more precarious. But rather than accepting Antonina, Tchaikovsky treated her abominably, and their marriage lasted but a couple of months. These events form the emotional backdrop to the Fourth Symphony, which was completed alongside Tchaikovsky’s equally tragic opera Eugene Onegin.

The fanfare that opens the Symphony was, Tchaikovsky described to his friend and patron Nadezhda von Meck, representative of ‘the fatal power which prevents one from attaining the goal of happiness’. ‘There is nothing to be done’, Tchaikovsky added, ‘but submit to it and

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Programme notes lament in vain’. Lamentation is the overriding mood of the first movement, offering a stuttering (if not broken) evocation of a waltz, one of Tchaikovsky’s favourite dance forms. The composer’s ballet Swan Lake, completed in 1876, is also induced by the tonality of F minor, which accompanies the dastardly villain Von Rothbart and his ‘black swan’ daughter Odile’s gloating triumph over Prince Siegfried. There are hints too of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony, as Tchaikovsky revealed to fellow composer Sergei Taneyev, though none of that work’s rapidity or its promises of triumph endure here, as Tchaikovsky piles thundering attack on top of thundering attack.

Recommended recordings of tonight’s works

by Laurie Watt Beethoven: Egmont Overture London Philharmonic Orchestra | Klaus Tennstedt (LPO Label LPO-0085, with Symphony No. 6: see page 14) or London Philharmonic Orchestra | Klaus Tennstedt (Warner Classics)

While the mood of the ensuing Andantino seems less aggressive, its descending oboe melody offers a clear echo of the first movement. The Scherzo’s jig shrugs off that spectre, though in the context of the Symphony as a whole, its pizzicato textures take on a ghostly edge.

Revealingly, the very first gesture of this dance is another descending scale and, although firmly couched in F major, the Scherzo’s harmonic palette has a disturbing tendency towards minor colours, with the strained outline of the tritone appearing in the upper reaches of the melody. The woodwind introduces a new texture, melody and mood in the middle of the movement, dominated by shrill piccolo and then, in its wake, the brass section heralds the mania of the Finale.

Bartók: Violin Concerto No. 2 Christian Tetzlaff | Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra | Hannu Lintu (Ondine) Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 4 London Philharmonic Orchestra | Vladimir Jurowski (LPO Label LPO-0064: see page 14) or London Philharmonic Orchestra | Paavo Berglund (Classic FM) or BBC Symphony Orchestra | Gennady Rozhdestvensky (ICA Classics)

This Allegro con fuoco begins with a triumphant sally of F major, describing a helter-skeltering downward scale, which is answered by a strident march. At first, this has a proto-Shostakovich sneer, before threatening a return of the fanfare with which the Symphony began. But there is also an outwardly gentler theme within this final movement: the Russian folk tune ‘In the Field a Little Birch Tree Stood’. Far from evoking the song’s charming imagery of braided birch wreaths floating in a stream, however, Tchaikovsky veers erratically between dance rhythms and a more threatening symphonicism. The legend goes: if the wreath floats, there will be a happy marriage; if it spins in a circle, the marriage will not take place; and if it sinks, death is on the cards. Given the repeated plunging gestures of Tchaikovsky’s Fourth Symphony, underlined in this whirling Finale, musicologist Roland John Wiley has suggested that the composer is predicting a decidedly bleak future. Such a view is confirmed when the brass finally bursts through the texture with a reprise of the opening fanfare. Tchaikovsky adds a hysterical coda, but its rictus grin and repetitive cymbal blasts cannot allay the fundamental negativity of this brutal Symphony.

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Programme notes © Gavin Plumley

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Next LPO concerts at the Southbank Centre’s Royal Festival Hall DEATH AND TRANSFIGURATION Wednesday 25 October 2023 | 7.30pm R Strauss Don Juan Ravel Piano Concerto for the Left Hand Tania León Horizons (UK premiere) R Strauss Death and Transfiguration Karina Canellakis conductor Cédric Tiberghien piano

CANELLAKIS CONDUCTS SHOSTAKOVICH Saturday 28 October 2023 | 7.30pm

Beethoven Overture, The Creatures of Prometheus Beethoven Piano Concerto No. 2 Shostakovich Symphony No. 8 Karina Canellakis conductor Jonathan Biss piano

HÉLÈNE GRIMAUD PLAYS RAVEL Friday 3 November 2023 | 7.30pm

Dukas The Sorcerer’s Apprentice Ravel Piano Concerto in G Stravinsky Petrushka (1947 revised version) Edward Gardner conductor Hélène Grimaud piano Hélène Grimaud’s performance is generously supported by HSH Dr Donatus, Prince of Hohenzollern.

LPO.ORG.UK

Take the music with you.

Stream tonight’s music on the LPO Label.

Scan the QR codes to listen instantly now

LPO-0064

‘It’s an emotional rollercoaster through the depths of despair to a form of musical redemption, with the London Philharmonic Orchestra expertly guiding us through.’

Classic FM (Album of the Week)

Tchaikovsky: Symphonies Nos. 4 & 5

LPO-0085

Vladimir Jurowski conductor

Beethoven: Egmont Overture Symphony No. 6 Klaus Tennstedt conductor

All LPO Label recordings are available on CD from all good outlets, and to download or stream via Apple Music Classical, Spotify, Idagio and others.

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THE

FIREBIRD SUNDAY 29 OCTOBER 2023 SOUTHBANK CENTRE’S ROYAL FESTIVAL HALL CONCERT 12.00–1.00PM ACTIVITIES 10.00–11.45AM

Edward Gardner conductor Rachel Leach presenter London Philharmonic Orchestra

Weaving a tale of good versus evil, The Firebird will captivate audiences and provide an unforgettable first concert experience for all the family.

Recommended for children aged 6+ and their families.

Join us from 10.00am for free pre-concert activities.

LPO.ORG.UK/FUNHARMONICS

Coming soon on the LPO Label Edward Gardner conducts

Berlioz: The Damnation of Faust LPO-0128

Recorded live at the Royal Festival Hall, 4 Feb 2023

Apple Music Classical exclusive release: 3 November 2023 General release: 3 February 2024

Karen Cargill Marguerite John Irvin Faust Christopher Purves Mephistopheles Jonathan Lemalu Brander London Philharmonic Choir London Symphony Chorus London Youth Choirs

Look for the Apple Music Classical app for iPhone and Android in the App Store or Google Play Store.

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Listen on

London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Sound Futures donors We are grateful to the following donors for their generous contributions to our Sound Futures campaign.

Thanks to their support, we successfully raised £1 million by 30 April 2015 which has now been matched pound for pound by Arts Council England through a Catalyst Endowment grant. This has enabled us to create a £2 million endowment fund supporting special artistic projects, creative programming and education work with key venue partners including our Southbank Centre home. Supporters listed below donated £500 or over.

For a full list of those who have given to this campaign please visit lpo.org.uk/soundfutures.

Masur Circle Arts Council England Dunard Fund Victoria Robey OBE Emmanuel & Barrie Roman The Underwood Trust

Welser-Möst Circle William & Alex de Winton John Ireland Charitable Trust The Tsukanov Family Foundation Neil Westreich

Tennstedt Circle Valentina & Dmitry Aksenov Richard Buxton The Candide Trust Michael & Elena Kroupeev Kirby Laing Foundation Mr & Mrs Makharinsky Alexey & Anastasia Reznikovich Sir Simon Robey Bianca & Stuart Roden Simon & Vero Turner The late Mr K Twyman

Solti Patrons Ageas John & Manon Antoniazzi Gabor Beyer, through BTO Management Consulting AG Jon Claydon Mrs Mina Goodman & Miss Suzanne Goodman Roddy & April Gow The Jeniffer & Jonathan Harris Charitable Trust Mr James R.D. Korner Christoph Ladanyi & Dr Sophia Ladanyi-Czernin Robert Markwick & Kasia Robinski The Maurice Marks Charitable Trust

Mr Paris Natar The Rothschild Foundation Tom & Phillis Sharpe The Viney Family

Haitink Patrons Mark & Elizabeth Adams Dr Christopher Aldren Mrs Pauline Baumgartner Lady Jane Berrill Mr Frederick Brittenden David & Yi Yao Buckley Mr Clive Butler Gill & Garf Collins Mr John H Cook Mr Alistair Corbett Bruno De Kegel Georgy Djaparidze David Ellen Christopher Fraser OBE David & Victoria Graham Fuller Goldman Sachs International Mr Gavin Graham Moya Greene Mrs Dorothy Hambleton Tony & Susie Hayes Malcolm Herring Catherine Høgel & Ben Mardle Mrs Philip Kan Rehmet Kassim-Lakha de Morixe Rose & Dudley Leigh Lady Roslyn Marion Lyons Miss Jeanette Martin Duncan Matthews KC Diana & Allan Morgenthau Charitable Trust Dr Karen Morton Mr Roger Phillimore Ruth Rattenbury The Reed Foundation The Rind Foundation Sir Bernard Rix David Ross & Line Forestier (Canada)

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Carolina & Martin Schwab Dr Brian Smith Lady Valerie Solti Mr & Mrs G Stein Dr Peter Stephenson Miss Anne Stoddart TFS Loans Limited Marina Vaizey Jenny Watson Guy & Utti Whittaker

Pritchard Donors Ralph & Elizabeth Aldwinckle Mrs Arlene Beare Mr Patrick & Mrs Joan Benner Mr Conrad Blakey Dr Anthony Buckland Paul Collins Alastair Crawford Mr Derek B. Gray Mr Roger Greenwood The HA.SH Foundation Darren & Jennifer Holmes Honeymead Arts Trust Mr Geoffrey Kirkham Drs Frank & Gek Lim Peter Mace Mr & Mrs David Malpas Dr David McGibney Michael & Patricia McLaren-Turner Mr & Mrs Andrew Neill Mr Christopher Querée The Rosalyn & Nicholas Springer Charitable Trust Timothy Walker CBE AM Christopher Williams Peter Wilson Smith Mr Anthony Yolland and all other donors who wish to remain anonymous

London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Thank you We are extremely grateful to all donors who have given generously to the LPO over the past year.

Your generosity helps maintain the breadth and depth of the LPO’s activities, as well as supporting the Orchestra both on and off the concert platform.

Artistic Director’s Circle

The American Friends of the London Philharmonic Orchestra Anonymous donors Mrs Aline Foriel-Destezet Aud Jebsen In memory of Mrs Rita Reay Sir Simon & Lady Robey OBE

Orchestra Circle

William & Alex de Winton Edward Gardner & Sara Övinge Patricia Haitink Catherine Høgel & Ben Mardle Mr & Mrs Philip Kan Neil Westreich

Principal Associates

Richard Buxton Gill & Garf Collins In memory of Brenda Lyndoe Casbon In memory of Ann Marguerite Collins Irina Gofman & Mr Rodrik V. G. Cave George Ramishvili The Tsukanov Family Mr Florian Wunderlich

Associates

Mrs Irina Andreeva In memory of Len & Edna Beech Steven M. Berzin The Candide Trust John & Sam Dawson HSH Dr Donatus, Prince of Hohenzollern Stuart & Bianca Roden In memory of Hazel Amy Smith

Gold Patrons

Eugene & Allison Hayes J Douglas Home Molly Jackson Mrs Farrah Jamal Mr & Mrs Jan Mr & Mrs Ralph Kanza Mr Peter King Jamie & Julia Korner Rose & Dudley Leigh Wg. Cdr. & Mrs M T Liddiard OBE JP RAF Drs Frank & Gek Lim Mr & Mrs Makharinsky Mr Gordon McNair Andrew T Mills Denis & Yulia Nagy Andrew Neill Jamie Njoku-Goodwin Peter & Lucy Noble Oliver & Josie Ogg Mr Stephen Olton Simon & Lucy Owen-Johnstone Mr Roger Phillimore Mr Michael Posen Saskia Roberts John Romeo Priscylla Shaw Mr & Mrs John C Tucker Mr & Mrs John & Susi Underwood Karina Varivoda Jenny Watson CBE Grenville & Krysia Williams Joanna Williams

David & Yi Buckley In memory of Allner Mavis Channing Sonja Drexler Peter & Fiona Espenhahn Mr B C Fairhall Hamish & Sophie Forsyth Virginia Gabbertas MBE Mr Roger Greenwood Malcolm Herring Julian & Gill Simmonds Eric Tomsett The Viney Family Guy & Utti Whittaker

Silver Patrons

Dame Colette Bowe David Burke & Valerie Graham Cameron & Kathryn Doley Ulrike & Benno Engelmann Dmitry & Ekaterina Gursky The Jeniffer & Jonathan Harris Charitable Trust John & Angela Kessler Mrs Elena & Mr Oleg Kolobov Mrs Elizabeth Meshkvicheva Mikhail Noskov & Vasilina Bindley Tom & Phillis Sharpe Mr Joe Topley & Ms Tracey Countryman Andrew & Rosemary Tusa Laurence Watt

Principal Supporters

Anonymous donors Ralph & Elizabeth Aldwinckle Mr John D Barnard Roger & Clare Barron Dr Simona Cicero & Mr Mario Altieri Mr Alistair Corbett Guy Davies David Devons Igor & Lyuba Galkin Alexander Greaves Prof Emeritus John Gruzelier Michael & Christine Henry Mrs Maureen Hooft-Graafland Per Jonsson Mr Ian Kapur Ms Elena Lojevsky Pippa Mistry-Norman Mrs Terry Neale John Nickson & Simon Rew Mr James Pickford Filippo Poli

Bronze Patrons

Anonymous donors Chris Aldren Michael Allen Mrs A Beare Mr Anthony Blaiklock Lorna & Christopher Bown Mr Bernard Bradbury Simon Burke & Rupert King Desmond & Ruth Cecil Mr John H Cook Deborah Dolce Ms Elena Dubinets David Ellen Christopher Fraser OBE Mr Daniel Goldstein David & Jane Gosman Mr Gavin Graham Lord & Lady Hall Mrs Dorothy Hambleton Iain & Alicia Hasnip

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Mr Robert Ross Martin & Cheryl Southgate Mr & Mrs G Stein Christopher Williams

Supporters

Anonymous donors Mr Francesco Andronio Julian & Annette Armstrong Mr Philip Bathard-Smith Emily Benn Mr Julien Chilcott-Monk Alison Clarke & Leo Pilkington Mr Peter Coe Mr Joshua Coger Miss Tessa Cowie Caroline Cox-Johnson Mr Simon Edelsten Will Gold Mr Stephen Goldring Mr & Mrs Graham & Jean Pugh Mr Geordie Greig Mr Peter Imhof The Jackman Family Mr David MacFarlane Paul & Suzanne McKeown Nick Merrifield Dame Jane Newell DBE Mr David Peters Nicky Small Mr Brian Smith Mr Michael Timinis Mr & Mrs Anthony Trahar Tony & Hilary Vines Mr John Weekes Mr Roger Woodhouse Mr C D Yates

Hon. Benefactor Elliott Bernerd

Hon. Life Members Alfonso Aijón Kenneth Goode Carol Colburn Grigor CBE Pehr G Gyllenhammar Robert Hill Keith Millar Victoria Robey OBE Mrs Jackie Rosenfeld OBE Timothy Walker CBE AM Laurence Watt

London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

Thank you

Thomas Beecham Group Members

David & Yi Buckley Gill & Garf Collins William & Alex de Winton Sonja Drexler Mr B C Fairhall The Friends of the LPO Roger Greenwood Dr Barry Grimaldi Mr & Mrs Philip Kan John & Angela Kessler Sir Simon Robey Victoria Robey OBE Bianca & Stuart Roden Caroline, Jamie & Zander Sharp Julian & Gill Simmonds Eric Tomsett Neil Westreich Guy & Utti Whittaker

Corporate Donor Barclays

LPO Corporate Circle Principal

Bloomberg Carter-Ruck Solicitors French Chamber of Commerce

Tutti

Lazard Natixis Corporate Investment Banking Sciteb Ltd Walpole

Preferred Partners

Trusts and Foundations

Board of the American Friends of the LPO

ABO Trust The Barbara Whatmore Charitable Trust BlueSpark Foundation The Boltini Trust Borrows Charitable Trust Cockayne – Grants for the Arts The London Community Foundation Dunard Fund Ernst von Siemens Music Foundation Foyle Foundation Garrick Charitable Trust Idlewild Trust Institute Adam Mickiewicz John Coates Charitable Trust John Horniman’s Children’s Trust John Thaw Foundation Kirby Laing Foundation The Kurt Weill Foundation for Music Lord and Lady Lurgan Trust Lucille Graham Trust The Marchus Trust PRS Foundation The R K Charitable Trust The Radcliffe Trust Rivers Foundation Rothschild Foundation Scops Arts Trust TIOC Foundation The Thriplow Charitable Trust Vaughan Williams Foundation The Victoria Wood Foundation The Viney Family

We are grateful to the Board of the American Friends of the London Philharmonic Orchestra, who assist with fundraising for our activities in the United States of America: Simon Freakley Chairman Kara Boyle Jon Carter Jay Goffman Alexandra Jupin Natalie Pray Damien Vanderwilt Marc Wassermann Elizabeth Winter Catherine Høgel Hon. Director Jenifer L. Keiser, CPA, EisnerAmper LLP

LPO International Board of Governors Natasha Tsukanova Co-Chair Martin Höhmann Co-Chair Mrs Irina Andreeva Steven M. Berzin Shashank Bhagat Veronika Borovik-Khilchevskaya HSH Dr Donatus, Prince of Hohenzollern Aline Foriel-Destezet Irina Gofman Olivia Ma George Ramishvili Sophie Schÿler-Thierry Florian Wunderlich

and all others who wish to remain anonymous.

Jeroboams Lindt & Sprüngli Ltd Neal’s Yard OneWelbeck Sipsmith Steinway

In-kind Sponsor Google Inc

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London Philharmonic Orchestra • 30 September 2023 • Tchaikovsky’s Fourth

London Philharmonic Orchestra Administration Board of Directors Dr Catherine C. Høgel Chair Lord Hall of Birkenhead CBE Vice-Chair Martin Höhmann* President Mark Vines* Vice-President Emily Benn Kate Birchall* David Burke Deborah Dolce Elena Dubinets Tanya Joseph Hugh Kluger* Katherine Leek* Minn Majoe* Tania Mazzetti* Jamie Njoku-Goodwin Andrew Tusa Neil Westreich Simon Freakley (Ex officio – Chairman of the American Friends of the London Philharmonic Orchestra) *Player-Director

Advisory Council Roger Barron Chairman Christopher Aldren Richard Brass Helen Brocklebank YolanDa Brown OBE David Buckley Simon Burke Simon Callow CBE Desmond Cecil CMG Sir Alan Collins KCVO CMG Andrew Davenport Guillaume Descottes Cameron Doley Christopher Fraser OBE Jenny Goldie-Scot Jonathan Harris CBE FRICS Marianna Hay MBE Nicholas Hely-Hutchinson DL Amanda Hill Dr Catherine C. Høgel Martin Höhmann Rehmet Kassim-Lakha Jamie Korner Geoff Mann Andrew Neill Nadya Powell Sir Bernard Rix Victoria Robey OBE Baroness Shackleton Thomas Sharpe KC Julian Simmonds Barry Smith Martin Southgate

Education and Community

Chris Viney Laurence Watt Elizabeth Winter

Talia Lash Education and Community Director

General Administration Elena Dubinets Artistic Director

Lowri Davies Hannah Foakes Education and Community Project Managers

David Burke Chief Executive Chantelle Vircavs PA to the Executive

Hannah Smith Education and Community Co-ordinator

Concert Management Roanna Gibson Concerts and Planning Director

Claudia Clarkson Regional Partnerships Manager

Graham Wood Concerts and Recordings Manager

Development Laura Willis Development Director

Maddy Clarke Tours Manager

Rosie Morden Individual Giving Manager

Madeleine Ridout Glyndebourne and Projects Manager

Siân Jenkins Corporate Relations Manager

Alison Jones Concerts and Recordings Co-ordinator

Anna Quillin Trusts and Foundations Manager

Robert Winup Concerts and Tours Assistant

Katurah Morrish Development Events Manager

Matthew Freeman Recordings Consultant

Eleanor Conroy Al Levin Development Co-ordinators

Andrew Chenery Orchestra Personnel Manager Sarah Thomas Martin Sargeson Librarians

Nick Jackman Campaigns and Projects Director

Laura Kitson Stage and Operations Manager

Kirstin Peltonen Development Associate

Marketing

Stephen O’Flaherty Deputy Operations Manager

Kath Trout Marketing and Communications Director

Benjamin Wakley Assistant Stage Manager Felix Lo Orchestra and Auditions Manager

Sophie Harvey Marketing Manager Rachel Williams Publications Manager

Finance

Gavin Miller Sales and Ticketing Manager

Frances Slack Finance Director

Ruth Haines Press and PR Manager

Dayse Guilherme Finance Manager

Hayley Kim Residencies and Projects Marketing Manager

Jean-Paul Ramotar Finance and IT Officer

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Greg Felton Digital Creative Alicia Hartley Digital and Marketing Co-ordinator Isobel Jones Marketing Assistant

Archives Philip Stuart Discographer Gillian Pole Recordings Archive

Professional Services Charles Russell Speechlys Solicitors Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP Auditors Dr Barry Grimaldi Honorary Doctor Mr Chris Aldren Honorary ENT Surgeon Mr Simon Owen-Johnstone Hon. Orthopaedic Surgeon London Philharmonic Orchestra 89 Albert Embankment London SE1 7TP Tel: 020 7840 4200 Box Office: 020 7840 4242 Email: admin@lpo.org.uk lpo.org.uk Cover illustration Selman Hoşgör 2023/24 season identity JMG Studio Printer John Good Ltd