The Next Taste
January 2021 Issue | Vol. 1
Hawaii Travel 2021 Maui By Daniel Sullivan Kauai Travel & Golf The Other Hawaii 7 Healthy Swaps for Your Top Cravings Cocktail Recipes
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The Next Taste Show: Craft Beverage & Culinary Tours Hosted By: Miss Kira, Uncle Randy and Rob in the Rearview.
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L E T T E R F RO M T H E PUBLISHER Whew!!! It was so much fun typing “January 2021-Publisher’s Letter”. Enough said, let’s
flip the page. We all agree, 2020 is one year to be put to bed.
“The Next Taste Travel Planning 2021” and beyond can finally begin again, staff at with
destinations contacting us daily to come and visit their assorted venues in sports, breweries, distilleries, hotels, recreational properties, spas and wineries. The Distillery Channel inaugurated a Facebook Group – “Craft Beverage and Culinary Tour Lovers” in August 2020. This group is made up of individuals to CEOs of major airline, communication companies and travel sectors. These enthusiastic members provide highlights of craft beverage industry, nail salons/spa, sport venues, restaurants and all businesses severely hurt by the Covid Pandemic.
“The Next Taste” currently has invitations from Australia, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
South Africa and multiple venues in the United States. We are a travel company and feel the shared anger being locked down in our bubble these past months. “The Next Taste” supremely enjoys our personal visits with our “The Distillery Channel Platform Members” and their new hidden travel gems. We are once again placing on our 2021-2022 expanding agenda.
Our team loves to travel; and are overjoyed seeing positivity returning in business and
recreational travel. If you are affiliated with a destination and would like to be featured or placed on our calendar, please feel free to contact me. We work in concert with Art Stricklin and his “The Art of Golf Travel”, www.theartofgolftravel.com, where he leads iconic trips to “The Masters 2021”, “Streamsong Resort”, “Ireland Golf”, and “Ryder Cup Fall 2021”.
Hawaii is featured this month due to our love for paradise as a company. I have many
friends that have shared with us the devastation the pandemic has caused in Hawaii. We hope to schedule multiple trips in the coming year to all Hawaiian Islands.
Please join our Facebook group; “Craft Beverage and Culinary Tour Lovers” to be informed
on the “Spirit of Aloha”. We will feature in “The Next Taste” issues in the coming months.
We begin to bring you the “Spirit of Aloha”. Randy Weckerly Publisher
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TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S 12
KAUAI
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FEATURED COCKTAILS
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DANIEL SULLIVAN MASTER PHOTOGRAPHER
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7 HEALTHY SWAPS FOR YOUR TOP CRAVINGS
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MOCO PIT MASTER TRAVELS TO FIND RIO GRANDE VALLEY
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THE OTHER HAWAII
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AMERICAN CRAFTSMAN
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"OHANA"- THE GREATER FAMILY
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THE BATTLE OF SARATOGA- HOW A STUNNING, UPSET VICTORY IN NEW YORK
Contributors: Art Stricklin Dina Garcia Journeyman Distillery Rapscallion Spirits Co. Wes Farno
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PUBLISHER/PRESIDENT: RANDY WECKERLY
VICE PRESIDENT: KIRA PETERSON
EDITORS:
ANDREA PETERSON KIRA PETERSON
NATIONAL SALES: ROB LADD
EDITORIAL INQUIRIES: KIRA PETERSON
KIRA.THEDISTILLERYCHANNEL@GMAIL.COM
DISTRIBUTED BY:
THE DISTILLERY CHANNEL COFFEE PLATFORM, SMALL CRAFT BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, WINERIES, FACEBOOK & ISSUU PLAFORM.
Cover Photo of: Ocean Course at Hokuala in Lihue, Hawaii Provided By: Troon
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Kauai
Written By: Art Stricklin
Photos Provided By: Troon & Timbers Kauai Resort
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KAUAI, Hawaii – Recently the
Timbers Kauai Resort received national acclaim for opening a unique resort bubble, allowing 2020 and early 2021 travelers to avoid the mandatory quartertine on the Garden Isle, provided they stay in 450 leafy garden kingdoms inside the resort boundaries.
Hollywood certainly agrees having
filmed classic movies from South Pacific (Goggle it kids) to the original Jurassic Park movie and many versions after that. Leafy, dense, mountainous and spectacular are reasons enough that the film crews and many of the most Aloha savvy travelers are flocking here.
But with the mandatory quartertine
soon fading away on the island and all of Hawaii opening up, providing you can qualify with a negative COVID test, the entire lush island feels more like a gently padded territory rather than a barren, confined space. Because while it’s impossible to quantify the best Hawaiian island, can anyone really pick the best movie candy or Disney Character? There are plenty of travelers who will certainly tell you Kauai is very near the top of any list you can find.
“Kauai is what everybody in the states
think Hawaii looks like all the time, while Honolulu could be Miami Beach.” said famed golf architect Robert Trent Jones, Jr, who should know a thing about these parts, having designed a majority of the courses on the islands and living here a great part of the year.
“Natural, lush, following the natural
contours of the land and beautiful everywhere you look.”
Add historic and luxury and that
pretty well sums it up when it comes to golf on Kauai. Probably the most recognized course to U.S. travelers is the Poipu Bay golf course next to the Grand Hyatt on the Southern Tip of the island. That’s because Poipu Bay Golf Club, another Trent Jones design, is the former longtime site of the PGA of America’s Grand Slam of Golf.
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The par 72 course, designed by Jones,
Jr., is next to the 500-room Kaua’i Grand Hyatt Resort and Spa where Tiger Woods and the rest of the PGA Grand Slam competitors used to stay each November from 1994 to 2006. The best holes are those alongside the ocean, Numbers 14-17 where the wind can be a real factor either helping or hurting any shot. It’s the site of many memorable shots by golf’s greatest and where Woods once almost ran out of golf balls, hitting it into the ocean. He had to send a staffer hustling into the pro shop to buy more ammo, something any golfer can relate to.
Poipu Beach, next to the Hyatt, was
Not surprisingly with its new name,
the Ocean Course at Hokuala, now 18 outstanding holes, boasts one of the longest stretches of oceanfront holes in all of Hawaii, 12-17. The highly scenic course winds its way through papaya and guava groves to dramatic seaside cliffs. A 2016 renovation added sparkling white sand to all the bunkers, framing holes to be even more spectacular, if such a thing is possible.
“In fact, for your next movie trivia night,
the ocean walls on the back nine holes on the Ocean Course were used for the typhoon scenes in Jurassic Park partly using footage from an actual hurricane which hit the island.”
recently voted America’s Number One Beach by one national expert, aka Dr. Beach. The Hyatt Spa is world famous and the on-site Tidepools restaurant, where Woods and Phil Mickelson once had a legendary GrandSlam power dinner together, is not to be missed. The original Hawaii home of the Grand Slam of Golf was on the Jack Nicklaus designed championship course, then known as 36-hole Kauai Lagoon, now called the Ocean Course at Hokuala, part of the upscale Timbers Resort.
“The (Timbers Kauai) bubble has
actually been a boon for our golf course,” said Kellie Hines, one of two female head pros in Hawaii, a 6th generation native of the island.
“The locals can come and play here and
the resort guests inside the bubble have access.”
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The Ocean Course comes complete
with a full practice center, driving range and short game area along with a large clubhouse and well-stocked pro shop. Also included inside the resort is a 33-acre lagoon which has kayaks, paddle boards, and canoeing available for use, 16 miles of hiking and biking trails with bikes for all ages provided by the hotel, along with a 16.5 acre working farm, multiple infinity edged resort pools and hot tubs and an Oceanside farm to table restaurant.
The Makai course was completely
When all those activities inside
Timbers Resort bubble exhaust you, there are multiple story apartment units or huge oceanside town-homes you can rent perched on the edge of the golf course, overlooking the course, the ever-churning ocean waters and lighthouse in the distance.
Another large and well-known Trent
Jones design is master planned Princeville Resort, which contains the Princeville Makai course, the first solo design by RTJ Jones, Jr., after working for his equally famous father. RTJ, Jones, Sr. It contains 27 holes – the 18-hole Makai Course and the 9-hole Woods Course – with jaw dropping scenery against surrounding mountains which were used for the epic movie South Pacific.
renovated in 2009, introducing new Seashore Paspalum, a saltwater that tolerates turf grass on all fairways and greens. Princeville Makai features surreal vistas of Bali Hai (part of the South Pacific movie) and Hanalei Bay, including the signature par-3, 7th hole that offers a 213-yard shot over scenic cliffs, and brilliant white sand bunkers with the ocean as an ever-churning backdrop. The adjacent 9 holes, known as Woods Course, features natural Hawaii hardwoods instead of the ocean scenery.
“That’s the word I would use the
majority of the golf in Kauai, natural,” said Jones. “There is a lot of great golf in Hawaii, I think we all know that, but some of it is certainly man-made, including the courses I’ve done on other islands. The course here are more natural, fit into the scenery and lie naturally in the land.”
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The nearby Prince course, which was
annually ranked the No. 1 in all of Hawaii, certainly has an interesting history after being carved out of dense forest by Jones in 1971. It’s currently closed and has been for a couple of years but is tended by a small ground keeping staff among continual rumors that it will be opened soon by new owners as part of a high-end real estate project.
“I’ve been hearing they will start
construction on the real estate this spring and the golf course will be open in a year, I certainly hope so,” Jones said.
Architect Robin Nelson designed the
par 72 Puakea course another wowzer layout built along massive ravines and lush tropical undulating terrain, with the backdrop being used for the Jurassic Park movie series. It’s the newest public course on the island and framed by sweeping views of the Pacific Ocean, historic Mt. Ha'upu, and the lush tropical landscape.
Regarded as one of the top municipal
courses in the country, Wailua was designed by Toyo Shirai and is highlighted by great mountain views along the Coconut Coast, and multiple ocean holes - all of which combine for a value friendly golf experience at Wailua.
Paddled paradise, delayed by the
global pandemic, but certainly not denied, Kauai is one great golf adventure for a new year.
For more Kauai golf information,
including exact spring opening dates for mainland visitors, you can go to www.gogolfkauai.com or www.gohawaii.com
While sometimes overlooked when
focused on its flashier neighbors, Wailua Golf Course offers classic, golden-era seaside golf holes only a mere few steps from the Pacific Ocean and is an excellent, walkable layout on Kauai. First built as a 9-hole golf course in the 1930’s, and expanded to 18 holes in 1961, Wailua has hosted 3 USGA Public Links Championships, the only USGA championships held on the island.
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Featured Cocktails:
Provided By: Journeyman Distillery Rapscallion Spirits Company
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Directions: 1. Whip the egg white with 5-7 dashes of Tarragon Bitters until soft peaks. Set aside. 2. Place Vodka, Grapefruit Juice, Simple Syrup and 2-3 dashes/drops of Tarragon Bitters in shaker with ice and shake until chilled. 3. Pour into coup glass. 4. Top with Tarragon Egg Foam. 5. Garnish as Desired. 6. Serve and Enjoy!
Grapefruit Martini with Tarragon Egg White Foam
Recipe Provided By: Rapscallion Spirits Co. https://www.rapscallionspirits.com
Ingredients:
• 2-ounces Caryopsis Vodka • 1 ½-ounces Fresh Grapefruit Juice • ½-1-ounce Simple Syrup • 1 Egg White • 5-10 plus 2-3 dashes/drops Tarragon Bitters • Optional Garnish: Dehydrated Grapefruit Slice & Star Anise
Tarragon Bitters Recipe: 1. Place ½ cup Fresh or ¼ cup dried Tarragon in a glass jar with non-reactive lid. 2. Fill jar just to cover Tarragon with Caryopsis Vodka. 3. Place in cool dark place. 4. Swirl gently every day for 14 days. 5. Strain and place in clean jar with non-reactive lid. 6. Store in cool dark area.
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Caryopsis Vodka Hibiscus Martini
Purple Rain
Recipe Provided By: Rapscallion Spirits Co.
Provided By: Journeyman Distillery https://www.journeymandistillery.com
Ingredients:
Ingredients:
• • • •
• 750-ml Journeyman Bilberry Black Hearts Gin • 3.7-grams Butterfly Pea Tea • ¾-ounce Lemon Juice • ¼-ounce Water
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1 ½-ounces Caryopsis Vodka ½-ounce Simple Syrup 3-ounces Hibiscus Tea 3 Dashes of Free Foam or 1 Egg White Ice Garnish: Hibiscus Leaf Powder
Instructions: 1. Place all ingredients except ice in a shaker. 2. Shake well to induce foaming. 3. Add ice and shake until cold. 4. Using a cocktail strainer, strain into chilled coupe glass. 5. Garnish: Dust with Hibiscus lead powder, if desired 6. Serve and enjoy.
Instructions: 1. Pour 750 ml bottle of Bilberry Black Hearts Gin into decanter. 2. Add Butterfly Pea Tea 3. Allow 24 hours for infusion. 4. Add Butterfly Pea Tea-infused Bilberry Black Hearts Gin into ice-filled Collins Glass (leave room for lemon juice). 5. Float lemon juice on top and stir. 6. Garnish with lemon twist and top with water. 7. Serve and enjoy.
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John Daly Punch Bowl
Provided By: Journeyman Distillery
Provided By: Journeyman Distillery
Ingredients:
Ingredients:
• 1 ½-ounces Cucumber- Infused Journeyman Red Arrow Vodka • ½-ounce Rosemary Simple Syrup • ½-ounce Fresh Lime Juice • Cranberry Juice • Garnish: Sprig of Rosemary
• 8-ounces Journeyman Buggy Whip Wheat • 5-ounces Fresh Lemon Juice • 5-ounces Simple Syrup • Iced Tea • Garnish: Lemon Wheels
Instructions: 1. Add all ingredients (except cranberry juice) to shaker with ice. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Shake well and strain into coupe glass. Top with cranberry juice. Garnish with sprig of rosemary. Serve and enjoy.
Instructions: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Combine ingredients in a punch bowl. Fill with ice and top with iced tea. Garnish with Lemon Wheels. Serve and enjoy.
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GENEVA Reconnect with family and friends in picturesque Geneva, Illinois. The town, framed by
the scenic Fox River, beautiful parks and historic neighborhoods, offers boutique shopping, sophisticated dining and luxurious lodging. Festivals and non-stop special events bring a bustle of activity throughout the year welcoming locals and visitors from around the state. Located just 40 miles west of Chicago and easily accessible via train or the interstate, Geneva offers boundless opportunities for good fun and great memories.
ShopOver 160 specialty shops are housed downtown in charming Victorian-style homes and
historic buildings. Geneva merchants fill their shops each season with exclusive treasures from around the world. Distinctive art galleries, trendy clothing, elegant home decor, specialty cookware, designer jewelry, stylish shoes, unique food places, fun children’s clothes and toys, unusual garden plants and accessories are housed in every corner of the shopping district. The creative arts-quilting, knitting, stitching, beading, scrapbooking and pottery painting- are also represented. A different experience awaits those wanting to shop the more than 70 shops and dining areas at the Geneva Commons located minutes from the downtown. Options abound and make Geneva one of the best shopping destinations in the Chicagoland area.
FeastEndless options await your palate from local eateries and neighborhood pubs to
award-winning restaurants with American and international cuisine. Gather at landmark establishments in casual or sophisticated settings where welcoming staff make you feel part of the family. Fine wine lists, unique beers, signature specials, and tempting treats offer interesting choices for everyone. Snack on miniature pastries, chocolate fondue, home-made ice cream and other delicious treats throughout the afternoon and don’t forget to visit one (or several) of the fine wine sellers to sample and shop for gifts and related accessories. At night, check out establishments for “open mikes,” live entertainment and great dancing in friendly settings.
StaySweet dreams await you with luxury lodging offering a host of amenities and services to
travelers of all ages and of every budget. Swimming pools, exercise rooms, fireplaces, spa services, river view terraces, boutiques, gardens, and WiFi-Internet connections provide the ultimate in comfort and indulgence. Stay in hotels that are recipients of AAA Three and Four Diamond awards or retreat to an historic bed & breakfast inn on seven acres of tranquil terrain. Enjoy friendly staff and unforgettable experiences just a few minutes from the downtown. Don’t forget to explore special weekend and romantic getaway packages or settings for wedding, receptions, banquets, and private parties.
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Daniel Sullivan Master Photographer
Photos Provided By: Daniel Sullivan
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Rob in the Rearview Touring the U.S.
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7 Healthy Swaps for Your Top Cravings
Written By: Dina Garcia RD, LDN
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1. Pizza Choose pizza with a whole grain
crust with cheese and/or veggies on top. Then instead of making that your meal, have only a small-medium slice or 2 and pair it with a salad that has eggs or grilled chicken on top for some additional fiber and protein. You can also make your own pizza on a whole grain flat bread.
We have all had cravings, right?
And they usually aren’t for vegetables. I would be lying if I didn’t admit that “junk food” (I hate that term BTW) just tastes good. Oftentimes, too good! Cravings can be significantly minimized by following my PF3 nutrition guidelines, practicing mindful eating, managing stress, getting adequate sleep, and exercising. But let’s face it, we aren’t perfect and sometimes cravings will hit.
I am a firm believer in intuitive and,
mindful eating and completely understand that sometimes substitutions just don’t cut it. Often, if we just allow ourselves to eat the real thing “guilt free” (that’s the key), we feel satisfied and just move on with our day. But sometimes a healthy substitution will work just fine—that’s up to your intuitive side to figure out.
For the times when we do want to
eat the real thing, while remaining in tune to what our body wants and needs intuitively to feel its best, check out my Delay and Distract but Don’t Deprive ™ technique.
2. French Fries Make your own baked fries with
regular or sweet potatoes. Toss them in olive oil and add a pinch of salt or seasoning blend before baking to keep it interesting and flavorful. If you have an air fryer, even better!
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3. Ice Cream Swap ice cream for frozen fruit like
bananas. You can put them through a yonanas machine or blend them in a food processor for a creamy frozen dessert. You can even swirl in some peanut butter and drizzle a touch of chocolate syrup on top. My daughter recently asked me to make this when she had a friend sleepover. Her friend asked, “What is yonanas?”. My daughter said, “It’s like ice cream but it tastes better and it’s healthier.” I had no idea she liked it so much, but I do agree it’s pretty good. Frozen cherries and chocolate syrup are also super yummy.
5. Cheeseburgers Grill your own hamburgers at home
with lean beef or turkey. Opt for a whole grain bun and top with plenty of veggies. Take it up a health notch by swapping the mayo for smashed avocado. Pair it with grilled veggies or baked fries.
4. Potato Chips or Something Crunchy Swap your crunchy craving for homemade popcorn popped on the stove with coconut or olive oil, seasoned with light salt, garlic and/or chili powder. You can even add a sprinkle of nutritional yeast for a little extra nutrition and an umami punch.
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6. Chocolate In my humble opinion, the only
substitution for chocolate is chocolate. Some ideas to get you started: • Chocolate – enjoy the real thing following my Delay and Distract but Don’t Deprive™ • Pudding pops- freeze chocolate pudding in popsicle molds and freeze • 100% whole wheat toast with Nutella on top • Chocolate covered strawberries
When Substitutions Just Don’t Cut It? As I said before, sometimes a
7. Soda When looking for a healthy soda
swap the first question to ask yourself is, “What do I really enjoy about the soda?” If it’s the caffeine, you might opt for an iced tea or coffee. If it’s the sweetness, you could certainly add some stevia to that coffee or tea. If that just won’t cut it, a diluted juice might do the trick. If it’s the carbonation you need, try sipping on a sparkling water or club soda. For more delicious drink ideas check out this post: "Eat Your Juice".
substitution just doesn’t cut it. You have done your best to eat healthy, control blood sugars, reduce stress, sleep well, manage stress, etc., but you just want to eat [fill in the blank]. For optimal health, the driving force behind “why” we eat should be hunger. Meaning, if you are hungry then eat, if you’re not hungry you probably don’t “need” to eat. However, food is really so much more for us than nourishment, and it’s okay if everything you do and eat isn’t health focused.
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Food is social, cultural, comforting,
and yes, meant to be enjoyed. So, sometimes you just want to eat fries or a cookie, and that’s okay. As an ex-binge eater, I used to avoid junk food out of fear, and I would end up binging. I would eat “healthier” alternatives to what I really wanted, but then I would overeat due to not being truly satisfied. Sometimes the substitution was, and currently is enough. That is where it is up to you to intuitively decide what you really want or need at that moment (hint: sometimes you’ll find it isn’t even food).
If you’re like me and tend to overdo
it once you get started eating something yummy, try out my Delay and Distract but Don’t Deprive™ technique. This was the first step I took to reduce the severity of my binge eating episodes.
Main takeaway: Eating intuitively,
often means allowing yourself to eat what you actually want, guilt-free. Removing the restriction from foods can lessen the likelihood of binge eating over time. However, it’s okay to look for healthier substitutions since they may help to keep you more satisfied and energized so long as they don’t leave you feeling deprived.
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MoCo Pit Master
Provided By: Johnboys BBQ
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Morgan County’s own Pit Master
John Caddell has traveled to Los Fresnos, Texas to teach his good friend Jarrod Henry the ropes of preparing BBQ from raw meat to mouthwatering perfection and to help him open his first distillery, the Rio Grande Distillery and Magic Valley Moonshine located in the Rio Grande Valley.
Jarrod Henry said, “John and I met at
his restaurant, Johnboy’s BBQ in Morgan County, Tennessee back in June 2020 and I’m thankful for John’s help, expertise and friendship.” Rio Grande Distillery opened its doors to the public on September 25, 2020 and is well on its way to become a fine business in the heart of the Rio Grande Valley.
Like all business owners who care
about their communities and the people who live within them, Jarrod Henry didn’t hesitate to do what he could to help during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Before opening his distillery, he
switched operations to make hand sanitizer at the height of the pandemic during which he sold (at a reduced price) and donated a total of 9,000 gallons of hand sanitizer.
“We donated a lot of our different
missions to our EMT’s we sold it at a discount for our first responders. The idea is to not make a lot of money but to help protect and do our part for the community,” said Jarrod Henry.
John Caddell will return from Los
Fresnos, Texas, on September 29, 2020 but the knowledge and experience he left in Texas will last for generations to come.
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"The Art of Golf Travel" with Art Stricklin
Masters Tournament April 5-11, 2021
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Streamsong Resort April/May 2021
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Irish Golf Classics
Northern & Southern Ireland May 28-June 5, 2021
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Bandon Dunes Golf Short Course & Sheep Ranch Course August 23-25, 2021
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Ryder Cup
Whistling Straits, Wisconsin September 21-26, 2021
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The Other Hawaii-the Enormous Volcanos on the Big Island Written By: Robert Mills
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When most people think of the
Hawaii Islands, they are likely to imagine warm beaches and palm trees swaying in tropical breezes, not enormous volcanoes with winter snow, and red-hot lava oozing from their slopes. But the Big Island of Hawaii has all of this.
The Long Chain Volcanoes Gave Birth to All of Hawaii The Hawaiian Islands were formed
by volcanic activity above a mysterious magma source called the “Hawaii hotspot”. This spot is a porous opening in the earth’s crust in the middle of the Pacific Plate, the moving tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean. By a strange geologic process, still not understood by geologists, as the Pacific Plate moved northwest, the hotspot remained stationary. Hot magma flowed up through the hot spot to form volcanoes on the ocean floor. These grew into undersea mountains, called seamounts, and as they continued to grow taller, they eventually became islands and burst above the ocean’s surface. As the volcanoes grew taller and hot lava poured out of their summits and outlets on their slopes, the islands grew higher and larger. Then, as if on a conveyor belt, after each island was formed, it rode northwest on the Pacific Tectonic Plate, away from the hotspot. This, in turn, allowed new Hawaiian Islands to form over the hotspot. Eventually, this amazing process created all of the Hawaiian Islands we see today.
Hawaii is usually pictured as the
state’s eight largest islands, of which only five are commonly visited by tourists. But Hawaii also includes within its borders an archipelago of 137 islands that sprawl over 1500 miles northwest, from the Big Island of Hawaii to the remote Kure Atoll. These far northwest islands rode the Pacific Plate for hundreds of millions of years while be-ing eroded by rain and weather to the point where many are now underwater or barely above the waterline. The many atolls, reefs, shallow banks, shoals, and seamounts in the northwest portion of this chain are now included in the Papahanaunmokuakea Marine National Monument, the largest protected area in the U.S. and the third largest in the world. This vast, mostly underwater U.S. National Monument is bigger in area than all of the other U.S. National Parks and Monuments combined.
The newer southeastern islands,
because they have not been subjected to millions of years of weather erosion, are higher and bigger. The newest, southeastern most island, the Big Island of Hawaii, is the highest and biggest of them all.
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But it, too, has continued to ride northwest on the Pacific Plate. The summit caldera of Mauna Loa, the second highest volcano on Hawaii after Mauna Kea, has now moved 50 miles northwest of the center of the stationary hotspot. This porous hole in the earth’s crust continues to spew up hot magma thru the sea floor creating new seamounts which will eventually become islands.
The latest and biggest such
seamount is called Loihi, which rises about 3,000 feet over its base on the undersea flank of Mauna Loa. It is estimated that as early as 10,000 years from now, Loihi’s summit will emerge from the sea and become the newest Hawaiian Island.
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One of the most important
attributes of any mountain is its “prominence”, which is the technical term for its “bigness”, the difference in height between its bottom, or base, and summit.
A mountain’s prominence should
not be confused with its summit’s elevation above sea level, sometimes referred to as how “high” the mountain is. For example: Mt. Whitney, whose summit is 14,505 feet above sea level, is the highest mountain in the continental United States (the lower 48). But Mt. Whitney rises from its base on a high desert plateau of 4,425 feet, so its prominence above its surroundings is only 10,080 feet. In contrast, the Mauna Kea, the volcano on the Island of Hawaii, is not on a plateau or high plain.
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Instead, it rises directly up from the sea to a height of 13,803 feet, so its prominence is the same 13,803 feet as its height, making it significantly “bigger” than Mt. Whitney. Indeed, Mauna Kea is the bigger, and more prominent, than any mountain in the continental US, and is the second most prominent peak, after Mt. McKinley in Alaska, in the entire US.
Unlike mountains whose bases are
on land, Mauna Kea rises up in a roughly conical shape from the ocean floor to its summit. Measuring the difference between Mauna Kea’s base on the deep ocean floor to its summit gives it a gigantic prominence of 33,496 feet, making it, by far, the biggest mountain in the world.
Weather on Hawaii’s Highest Mountains Worldwide, with every thousand
feet increase in elevation, the temperature decreases roughly three degrees Fahrenheit, a bit less in humid conditions or in direct sunlight. Thus, the average daily high and low temperature in January in humid Kona, at sea level on the Big Island, are 79 and 71F, while the high and low at the arid Mauna Kea Observatory, at 13,780 feet, are 42 and 26F. In between, around the Island of Hawaii, are an incredible 10 of the Earth’s 14 climates, ranging from lush rain forest, with nearly the highest rainfall in the entire U.S., to barren rock in the near-polar summit climate zone.
Snow in Hawaii Mauna Kea means “the white
mountain” in Hawaiian. The natives gave it this name due to the snow which blankets its summit area during the winter. In earlier eras, actual glaciers covered the summit area of Mauna Kea, and the marks of these ice sheets are still evident today. The glaciers have melted, but snow is still common in the highest areas of both Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa throughout the winter.
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Astronomical Observatories Most of the clouds that form
around and near the island of Hawaii are mid to low-level stratus or cumulous clouds which, except in big storms, rarely rise above 12,000 feet. This makes for extremely low humidity and unusually clear skies in the summit areas of Hawaii’s highest peaks. At nearly 14,000 feet, these summits are above 40% of the earth’s atmosphere, which can cause haze and distortions. Hawaii’s highest peaks are also far from urban centers, and distant from even the few, small towns on the island itself. As a result, the summit region is free of both the urban light and air pollution that now hinders astronomers at many observatories.
These uniquely ideal conditions on
the top of Hawaii’s highest peaks, along with low winds, moderate temperatures, and relative proximity to civilization, have long drawn the attention of the world’s astronomers. Today, 13 of the world’s largest telescopes funded by 11 countries, have been built on the summit of Mauna Kea, making it the largest center for astronomical research on earth.
The TMT and Native Protests On January 7, 1610, Galileo Galilei
was the first man to point a telescope to the sky where he discovered the moons of Jupiter and craters on the moon. Even since, astronomers have been in technological race to build more powerful telescopes. In the early 21st century, technological breakthroughs made it possible to create a new generation of extremely large telescopes allowing us to observe cosmic objects with previously unimaginable sensitivity.
In 2008, dozens of nations and
universities around the world joined hands to create a non-profit international partnership, the TMT LLC, to utilize new technology to build a gigantic new telescope with a mirror the equivalent of an incredible 30 meters in diameter. It is called the Thirty Meter Telescope, or TMT, will cost an estimated $1.5 billion, and render images 12 times sharper than even the Hubble Space Telescope. In 2009, after carefully searching around the world for the ideal location, the summit of Mauna Kea was selected as the site for the TMT.
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After 10 years of hearings, approvals, and appeals, the various authorities with
jurisdiction over the summit of Mauna Kea approved the construction of the TMT. Unfortunately, a number of local native Hawaiians consider the summit area of Mauna Kea, for centuries a burial ground, as sacred and “kapu”, meaning forbidden. They view the construction of yet another (the 14th) major observatory to be a sacrilege. As a result, local protesters have mounted enormous, sustained protests which have, since August 2019, blocked the construction of the TMT.
Two thirds of native ethnic Hawaiians support building the TMT on Mauna Kea, but its
future is unclear as of now. The TMT partnership is currently researching the selection of an alternate site, a “Plan B”, if it ultimately proves unfeasible to build the TMT on Mauna Kea.
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“The World Best Coffees”
The Distillery Channel Coffee, LLC www.thedistillerychannelcoffee.com
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Mike has been associated with and in the business of golf since the late 60’s. He has traveled
extensively in golf and has been seen in over 50 countries around the world as a renowned Golf Trick Shot Artist, professional golf instructor, master clinician and public speaker.
In his travels Mike has come into contact with nearly every type of golf operation
conceivable which has allowed him to be one of the more knowledgeable individuals in the world in the business of golf instruction. He has successfully operated as an entrepreneur and independent contractor in the golf business since 1978. Prior to 1978, Mike was head professional for a private club for 6 years and assistant professional at several other country clubs earlier in his professional career in the late 60’s including the famed Marco Island C.C which was home to the late Gene Sarazen.
Mike has an instructional TV Series entitled “The Golf Doctor” which has been seen on
Wink-News a CBS affiliate for 35 years and is viewed by millions of people annually. In addition, Mike is the author of a golf instructional video “Learning Golf” (Produced in 1978), published writer (Golf Tips and Golf articles). Mike can be seen and heard weekly on the Radio/TV weekly show thedistillerychannel.com which he gives golf advice and tips to its listeners.
Mike Calbot as golf instructor, swing analyst and golf trick shot expert, travels the world
giving performances, schools, clinics and corporate outings, which allow him continuous exposure. His Golf Studio boasted a healthy clientele in the thousands and has personally given over 85,000 lessons.
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“Building Confidence Through Better Understanding�The Mike Calbot Golf Academy
Through progressive practice programs quickly elevating the skills of beginner, intermediate and advanced golfers. https://golfdoctorusa.com Call: (239) 482-0900 Email: mikecalbot@golfdoctorusa.com
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American Craftsman Written By: Wes Farno
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Dean Alfange was an American
politician who held appointments and nominations from a number of parties. In 1940, Franklin Roosevelt made Alfange chairman of the Democratic foreignlanguage speakers’ bureau of his third election campaign.
Alfange was a unique politician; his
place in history was cemented by authoring the American Creed. The creed states:
"I do not choose to be a common man.
It is my right to be uncommon. I seek to develop whatever talents God gave me—not security. I do not wish to be a kept citizen, humbled, and dulled by having the state look after me. I want to take the calculated risk; to dream and to build, to fail, and to succeed. I refuse to barter incentive for a dole. I prefer the challenges of life to the guaranteed existence, the thrill of fulfillment to the stale calm of utopia. I will not trade freedom for beneficence nor my dignity for a handout.
I will never cower before any earthly master nor bend to any threat. It is my heritage to stand erect, proud and unafraid; to think and act myself, enjoy the benefit of my creations and to face the world boldly and say – 'This, with God's help, I have done.' All this is what it means to be an American."
We currently live in a nation where
many share a pessimistic view of our country, culture, and heritage. I have a different point of view. I believe the United States of America is truly the last beacon of freedom across the world. We are a nation that rightly tore itself apart over the wretched practice of slavery, demonstrating to the world that it was unacceptable and unfathomable in a civilized culture. We are a nation that has lifted millions out of poverty because individuals choose to seek whatever talents God gave them to create, produce, and prosper. We are a nation that stormed the beaches of Omaha, Normandy, and promoted freedom across the globe. Despite our faults, we are a nation with a history and a heritage we can celebrate.
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I find myself attracted to the lore of
history. The idea that George Washington was once the nation's largest distiller and stated that he lost his election to the Virginia House of Burgesses because he failed to provide enough bumbo to voters. I find myself attracted to American whiskey, bourbon, and other spirit producers that radiate the idea that they prefer to take the calculated risk; to dream; to build, fail, and succeed. They prefer the challenges of life to the guaranteed existence of the state.
Over 2,000 distilleries dot the
landscape of the United States. From Hawaii to Maine, men and women are producing bourbons, whiskeys, rums, and other spirits so that we, the consumer, can enjoy them. They don't have huge budgets or Madison Avenue marketing teams to craft their message. They fight arcane prohibition-era liquor laws that make it challenging to get their products to consumers. But in the end, they have the persistence, commitment, rugged individualism, and a never say die work ethic that will carry them through. They all have a fundamental belief that their product is worthy of our hard-earned income despite the roadblocks that lie ahead.
Moving forward, Lotus Cove
Whiskey Review will work to diligently highlight those entrepreneurs who have risked it all to produce an American spirit. Mega-corporations distill the majority of American spirits, and they have a rightful place in the conversation. They distill and age excellent products at fair prices, and they contribute mightily to the idea of American exceptionalism. We will continue to write about them, but it is the little guy with everything on the line that attracts me the most.
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"Bourbon Whiskey" is a distinct
product of the United States. It has a rightful place in American history, but it is not the whole story. For hundreds of producers who believe "It is my heritage to stand erect, proud and unafraid; to think and act myself, enjoy the benefit of my creations and to face the world boldly and say – 'This, with God's help, I have done.' All this is what it means to be an American."
If you are a Craft Distillery: Lotus
Cove Whiskey Review wants to help tell your story. We will be launching a podcast in early 2021, and we will continue to write reviews. If you are interested in being featured, we would love to hear from you. You can email me at: wes@lotuscovewhiskeyreview.com.
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“Ohana”- The Greater Family
Written By: Randy Weckerly
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From Paris, France with the great
street food, shows, or just walking around the Eiffel Tower. Or Houston, Texas and going to the world’s largest rodeo, great barbeque locations and music. My time away was all about meeting people, enjoying, exploring and of course the dining with new people I meet along the way.
It imbues bringing people together to live in harmony and everyone can connect with the idea worldwide.
The Hawaiian “Ohana” is the
greater family living amidst the spirit of the islands. Many generations of a singlefamily live together under one roof including grandparents, aunts, uncles, parents, and children. The children may go off to school but as I have said for many years. I don’t experience many Hawaiian’s yearnings to retire in Chicago, Illinois. You will find all generations of children, cousins, aunts and uncles contributing to the greater good. The “Ohana”.
In up-coming issues of “The Next
Taste”, I have decided to simply feature destinations where I experienced the greater “Ohana” of the community as a whole either stateside or on the islands. I look forward to sharing my experiences in the coming months of “The Sanctuary at Kiawah Island Golf Resort” in Charleston, South Carolina, “The Dessert Springs Marriott” in Palm Springs, California, “The King and Prince” in Savannah, Georgia and “Callaway Gardens” in Pine Mountain, Georgia.
It brought me back to a word
imbedded in the Hawaiian culture, “Ohana”. I learned the short version of “Ohana” means family. “Aloha” is famous and used by most tourists upon arrival. The Hawaiian term is used universally in “hello and goodbye” and is known all over the world. “Ohana” is a spiritual Hawaiian word that pervades life on each and every island.
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However, since were talking Hawaii
let’s get to know what we look for in Hawaiian “Ohana”. I have visited Maui many times since 1978. I have watched it change from two lane bumpy roads stretching from Kahului Airport to Lahaina to now having four lane thoroughfares.
I have developed relationships
while learning the sensitivities of the Hawaiian culture. The islands are the most remote location on earth, sustainable activities are a lifestyle, preserving their island and coral reefs are a daily mainstay. Their attempt to preserve their heritage. I did learn early on being called “Aunty or Uncle” is a mainstay of the “Hawaiian Pidgin Language”, a bend on a different version in English.
Hawaiianplanner.com has one of
the best definitions of “aunty and uncle”: “Locals use the words, aunty and uncle, to refer to just about everyone. They don't need to actually be an aunt or an uncle which goes back to the idea of Ohana. Child-rearing is a group responsibility with such large families living under one roof. Cousins, older siblings, and even unrelated friends can be an aunty or an uncle within the family.”
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I feel more importantly is the
overriding feeling these terms represent: “The terms Aunty and Uncle can even be used for complete strangers on the islands. This is an extension of Ohana as it takes an entire island to raise a child. Essentially, everyone on the island is a part of your Ohana or family, so you should treat one another with respect.”
Sharing experiences of this culture
is truly one of my dearest memories of the island. In the same way you can’t smell through this article the aroma of the islands, experience its food, the warmth the water, the unrelenting blue by day and the deepest dark at night, seeing more of the Milky Way than imaginable every night. I can only list in short version some of the best places I have experienced “Ohana”.
Sharing experiences of this culture
is truly one of my dearest memories of the island. In the same way you can’t smell through this article the aroma of the islands, experience its food, the warmth the water, the unrelenting blue by day and the deepest dark at night, seeing more of the Milky Way than imaginable every night, I can only list in short version some of the best places I have experienced “Ohana”.
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Photo Provided By: Daniel Sullivan
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Dining in Up-Country: “Kula Bistro” located in Kula, Maui
Up-country; www.kulabistro.com. A very special setting with moderate prices and a pastry shop that serves the whole island for special events and weddings. It’s worth the trip.
Experiential Day Trip: “Jaws” where you can see some of
the world’s largest waves, surfers, kite boarders and humpback whales all in one day adventure. Go down to the beach and frequently see turtles on the beach (please don’t disturb them) up-close and personal. Get to know some of the surfers up close by the beach.
As of January 5,2021, I have just
Paia Day Trip: “Indigo Paia Shop” where you can
find “Daniel Sullivan Photography” located in Central Paia, Maui. https:// www.danielsul-livanphotography.com/ index. One of the world’s best awardwinning photographers from whom you can learn a lot from his photography classes. Daniel can be found most days at his store “Indigo Paia”, truly one of the nicest and kindest people I have met on the islands. His photography can be found in every issue of “The Next Taste” and you can purchase his photography online.
talked with my friends on the islands about the experience of Hawaiian travel and their challenges. Covid negative testing is on-going and proof of negative test is needed upon arrival. I would hope you would read the latest updates on travel to Hawaii at this site: https:// www.gohawaii.com/travel-requirements.
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Our media team is hoping to visit the Island of Maui this September. We hopefully will be
fully vaccinated and ready to go safely. Maui only has 27 ventilators and limited hospital capacity and hopefully, all facets of the island will be reopening as time passes. Currently, Maui is technically open with limits on public gathering to 5 people and 10–14-day quarantine upon arrival. Please check all you must do before getting on an airplane. I have been told that getting tested before going through California is best advice, due to the heavy Covid-19 outbreak.
“Ohana” is caring about family, I care about you. Where we might soon travel safely and
enjoyably. My experiences with phone calls today with my “Maui Ohana” is always the best. “Ohana” never leaves you, the experiences and the love.
So, Aloha for now. Let’s meet up in Maui Fall 2021.
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The Battle of Saratoga-How a Stunning,
Upset Victory In the New York Forest Written By: Robert Mills
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In this article we explore one of the
most fascinating hinge points in history: How the surprising defeat of the British by the American Continental Army in the relatively obscure Battle of Saratoga, in 1777, saved the faltering American Revolution, precipitated the massive French intervention, and ultimately led to one of the most consequential events in human history, the creation of the United States of America.
The Battle of Saratoga, how a stunning, upset victory in the New York forest saved the American Revolution
I. Without Foreign Help, The American Revolution Had Little Prospect of Success on its Own.
Hinge Points in History – In-
stances Where One Man, or a Single Event, Changed the Course of History
There have been moments in history
where a single determined person, battle, or natural event, forced destiny down one path instead of another, an event which forever changed what occurred afterward. This article, the fourth in a series exclusively for "The Next Taste", explores another example of these history shaping phenomena.
The Battle of Saratoga -- the Hinge
Point for the Success or Failure of the American Revolution.
It is not generally appreciated today
how dismal the Colonists’ prospects were when they began their revolt against Great Britain, then the mightiest nation on earth. The Americans’ relatively meager military and economic resources were wholly inadequate and unsuited to pursue the protracted conflict they initiated against the world’s most powerful military. The 13 Colonies had only one quarter the population of England, no factories or industry to speak of, no trained army and, crucially, no navy.
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By the onset of the winter of 1777-8,
the Continental Army begun to suffer food shortages, did not have enough blankets for its troops at Valley Forge and was forced to forage for straw instead. Few had coats sufficient to protect against the nearly constant rain and snow, and fully a third did not have adequate shoes.
At this point, what the desperate
Great Britain had more than
enough military might to ultimately suppress the revolt and hang its leaders. King George III was determined to do just that. Most historians believe there is little doubt that without the massive French military assistance – and even then, with no small amount of luck -- the American Revolution would almost certainly have ended in ignominious defeat.
As soon as King George’s military
re-inforcements began to arrive in early 1777, the tide of war turned sharply against the Colonist. During that year, the Americans suffered defeat after humiliating defeat. By the fall of 1777, the rebel cause was dire and faltering. The Colonies’ most populous city, Philadelphia, humiliatingly fell to British occupiers in September, forcing the Continental Army to flee to Valley Forge. There, as the winter approached, the volunteer soldiers in Washington’s army, whose enlistment commitments were expiring, begin leaving in droves. With little to show for the immense sacrifice, support for the revolt and funding for Washington’s Army, began to wither.
and failing cause of American independence needed was a near miracle, a military victory of such a decisive, immense scale that it would convince the French that the Americans had the right stuff and that they could actually win. Such a victory appeared to be a completely out of reach dream.
Then, somehow, in October 1777, in
the dense woods near the village of Saratoga, New York, that miracle happened.
It Changed Everything.
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II. The Battle of Saratoga. How Ragtag Volunteers Shocked the World by Defeating and Capturing an Entire Army of British Regulars. An upset of this magnitude usually
has multiple causes, and such was the case in this instance. Here is how the Americans won this crucial battle that they appeared to have no chance of winning.
From the outset, in 1775, the British
strategic plan for defeating the revolution was simple: cut the Colonies in half. With the strongholds of the insurrection in New England separated from the rest of the colonies, the revolt could be easily crushed.
The British failed to complete this
maneuver during 1776. During the winter, General Carleton, who led the northern force, was replaced by General John Burgoyne who eagerly renewed the campaign early, so that by June 1777, he had already advanced southward to the northern end of Lake Champlain. There Burgoyne assembled a powerful force of 7,850 men which he used to attack and decisively defeat the 3,000 Americans defending Fort Ticonderoga, a bitter shock to the Americans. With the Continental Army amassing an evergrowing list of defeats, many people now began to predict a quick end to the American Revolution.
Nature had provided an obvious
way to divide the colonies. A waterway stretches from New York City up the Hudson and then, by way of Lake George and Lake Champlain, to Canada. The British began the execution of their plan by sending two armies to act as pincers; one to the south to move north, and one to the north to move south.
With victory in sight, and every
strategic advantage in their favor, General Burgoyne and the British forces then made a series of epic blunders.
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First, Burgoyne inexplicably choose
the wrong way to the Hudson, leading his army through 23 miles of a wilderness of dense forest and ravines. The Americans, in their natural element, energetically seized on this error. As Burgoyne’s army slowly hacked their way thru the deep nearly impenetrable woods, the Americans subjected them daily to deadly and effective guerilla attacks. It took Burgoyne three long, bloody weeks to reach the Hudson, leaving a virtual trail of blood as he lost men every step of the way to American riflemen.
Then things got worse. Two days
before Burgoyne reached the Hudson, a party of marauding Native American auxiliaries under his command shot two women prisoners and brutally scalped one of them. Ironically, one of the young victims was engaged to an officer in Burgoyne’s army. Despite that, the American patriots skillfully broadcast lurid and highly inflammatory accounts of this incident far and wide throughout New England and New York, knowing the incredibly potent effect it would have on the populace.
As reports of these outrages
circulated, enraged locals, squirrel guns slung over their shoulders, poured out of the farms and villages by the thousands, surging into the Continental Army camps, swelling the rebel army’s manpower by the hour. In the meantime, Burgoyne’s army, now isolated in the deep forests and cut off from food and reinforcements, shrank daily from disease and the ceaseless ambushes.
Burgoyne’s predicament grew
suddenly more dire when, less than a week later, he received the horrifying news that General Howe was not on his way up from the south to join forces with him, as planned. Instead, as a result of unimaginable carelessness, the order for Howe to join up with Burgoyne was misplaced and not delivered, and the major British force, which Burgoyne was desperately counting on, had disappeared from the campaign.
Now nearly out of food and
supplies, Burgoyne sent out large raids seeking to pillage provisions from nearby farms and towns, but they defeated in skirmishes with Continental soldiers. Burgoyne’s soldiers returned empty handed. A relief party sent from Canada, also turned back after battles with the Continental Army.
Isolated and cut off from help, the
British general knew that his only chance now lay in the possibility of defeating his enemy in battle. Burgoyne moved his dwindling army – now down to 6,000 men -resolutely forward toward a fateful engagement with the growing and now 7,000 strong American army under General Gates.
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On the morning of September 19,
1777, near the tiny village of Saratoga, New York, the two armies clashed in a furious, desperate, bitter struggle. The battle lines surged back and forth. After only a few hours, the Americans withdrew with the British still holding the field, but only after inflicting heavy losses on the British – 600 men killed, wounded or captured, versus only 300 for the American side.
At this point, General Clinton left
New York City leading an army north to come to Burgoyne’s aid, but with only 4,000 men, it was far too little too late to break through and arrive in time to help Burgoyne at Saratoga.
The two determined armies again
clashed in a ferocious and savage struggle on a hillside near Saratoga. Finally, at darkness, the Americans gained a position where they could encircle the British. At this point, General Burgoyne expertly withdrew his army to the heights above the nearby river. The British had again lost 600 men, versus only 150 for the Americans.
At this point, the veteran Burgoyne,
his men exhausted and starving, his army trapped, and soon to be surrounded and destroyed by the resurgent Americans, knew that all was lost. He quickly moved his army north to the village of Saratoga and there surrendered his entire compliment of 5,700 officers and men to the Americans.
With volunteers flocking into
General Gate’s camp, along with tons of fresh supplies and French-sent war material pouring into the rebels’ hands, time was not on General Burgoyne’s side. Still, he waited in vain for three long weeks for Clinton’s promised rescue. It never came. With his men now on half rations, and only 5,000 soldiers fit for duty, the valiant British General at last took the only option left to him and courageously led his men into battle against General Gates’ surging American army, now numbering 11,000 men.
It is hard to overstate the shock
waves this development sent throughout the world. Nowhere did this news have bigger consequences than in the French Court of Louis XVI at Versailles.
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From the outset, the French had been
III. The Massive French Intervention The immense victory by General
Gates at Saratoga was exactly the news the French had been longing to hear. With all Paris cheering him, Franklin raced to Versailles to again plead with the King and his advisors for French intervention. This time, the answer was a decisive “yes”! Saratoga made all the difference, and the French wasted no time in acting on it. On February 6, 1778 the French and the Americans signed the pivotal “Treaty of Alliance” as well as a “Treaty of Amity and Commerce”.
France then declared war on Great
Britain. This momentous decision by the French, in turn, persuaded Spain to join France in this new campaign against its ancient rival Britain, and these decisions, in turn, played a key role in Holland declaring war on England as well.
Most Americans today have little
grasp of the immense scale of the French intervention in, and sacrifice for, the American Revolution.
supplying limited military provisions and cash, but now they leaped into the conflict with everything they had, providing not only huge sums of cash and credit to the American cause, but also committed 63 warships, 22,000 sailors and 12,000 soldiers. In the end they paid a high price for helping America gain its independence; 7,000 French soldiers and sailors died and another 8,000 were wounded or permanently incapacitated. More Frenchmen died in overall conflict than Americans – only 6,800 Continental Army soldiers died, 6,100 were wounded. By the time of the climactic Battle of Yorktown, there were roughly an equal number of French and American ground soldiers fighting together. At this point the war was for all practical purposes a joint campaign and was depicted as such by contemporary American painters.
The key to the ultimate defeat of the
British at Yorktown was the French Navy. Under the command of the Comte de Grasse, the French defeated the British fleet in the famous Battle of the Chesapeake. This victory prevented the British navy from evacuating the trapped General Cornwallis and his army from Yorktown, thus enabling the Franco-American army to force the complete surrender of General Cornwallis and his entire 8,000-man army. This cataclysmic defeat led the British to give up and accept the independence of the new nation, the United States of America.
The Battle of Saratoga was the hinge
point of destiny that made this seemingly impossible outcome a reality. But for the Americans’ surprise success in that battle deep in the wild hardwood forest in what is now eastern New York state, there would in all likelihood be no United States of America.
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Next Adventure with Robert Mills!
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Next Months Issue.
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